Document yreBdD2LyeaO9qykdKNd2MBoE

PRINTS User:Ol8L46 O5nov85 P09&: PR 2/5/ALL (items 1-9} I tem PAGE: 171 1 of 9 DIALOG (VERSION 2) DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-851Nov, Week 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc. 19851 593592 The controversy surrounding petrochemical workers and a suspected high incidence of brain tumors was discussed at a New York Academy of Sciences meeting, held at the reguest of OSHA, NIH and uther federal and medical institutions. Chemical & Engineering News November 3. 1980 p. 6 Union Carbide's Texas City plant is one under investigation. So far, 18 brain cancer deaths have occurred there since 195&- A preliminary estimate points to a plantwide excess brain cancer risk 2X that normally expected among 6,800 white males at the plant since 1941. A similar rate has been ascribed to workers at other Texas facilities. However, a group of Dow epidemiologists claim that their calculations suggest no excessive risk. Another problem is that brain tumors are rare, and their cause is not site specific; what is causing the tumors at the plants will be difficult to identify. Although several chemicals are under investigation, including proven carcinogens vinyl chloride, benzene and diethyl sulfate, 'none can be linked definitely to people who had brain tumors,' according to A Robbins of NIOSH. Other petrochemical plants with similar operations have experienced no unusual incidence of brain tumors among employees. Also, some employees of the Texas plants who died of brain tumors worked only for short periods at the plants, or did not work with any of the suspected carcinogens. The Academy of Sciences meeting was an attempt to pool resources and examine all available clues from various sources. As I Selikoff of Mount Sinai School of Medicine puts it, 'NIOSH and OSHA have defined a cluster (of brain cancer incidences) in a very important US industry. Public health problems have to take precedence.' #CE News 11/10/80 p33~36 * 1 USA -'United States *2860100 -'Petrochemicals *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2860100 Petrochemicals 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2860100 Petrochemicals 93 occupatnl safety; Union Carbide; Duns No: 00-128-9008; Ticker: UK; CUSIP: 905581 1USA United States 2860100 Petrochemicals 93 occupatnl safety; Union Carbide; Duns No: 00-128-9008; Ticker: UK; CUSIP: 905581 1USA United States 2860100 Petrochemicals 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2860100 Petrochemicals 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2860100 Petrochemicals 93 occupatnl safety; Union Carbide; Duns No: 00-128-9008; Ticker: UK; CUSIP: 905581 1USA United States 2860100 Petrochemicals 93 occupatnl safety; Union Carbide; Duns No: 00-128-9008; Ticker: UK; CUSIP: 905581 1USA United States 9125300 Occupational Safety & Health Adm 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9125300 Occupational Safety t> Health Adm 93 occupatnl safety R&S 140073 LL98W National Cancer Inst's testing of ethylene dihalides is guestioned by chemical fi rms. Chemical & Engineering News November 20, 1978 p. 7 NCI has concluded that both ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride ingested by rats showed strong carcinogenesis. Hazleton Labs America (Vienna, Va) did both sets of tests with the chemicals fed through tubes into the animals' stomachs. Industry maintains that proper test procedure would be inhalation tests, since this would be the mechanism of human exposure. Ethylene dichloride is the precursor for PVC. Ethylene dibromide, though not as important, has a volume of 580 mil (2^ mil (cont. next page) 010709 PRINTS User:Ol8Lk6 O5nov85 P09&: PR 2/5/ALL (items 1-9) I tem PAGE: 172 2 of 9 DIALOG (VERSION 2) DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-851Nov, Ideek 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc. 1985) lbs in 1977). according to ITC. Demand for ethylene dibromide is dropping, since 90% of the market is tied to lead additives in gasoline, which are declining. Dow Chemical, one of L US producers, (Dow, Ethyl Corp, Great Lakes Chemical and PPG Industries) says there is no increased incidence of cancer among workers at its 2 ethylene dibromide plants over the incidence in the general population. *1USA "United States *2868100 *Halogenated Hydrocarbons *9A -prod safety rules; *Dow Chemical; Duns No: *00-138-1581; Ticker: *D0W; CUSIP: *260543 1USA United States 2868100 Halogenated Hydrocarbons 94 prod safety rules; Dow Chemical; Duns No: 00-138-1581; Ticker: DOW; CUSIP: 2605L3 R&S 140074 435215 Vinylidene chloride capacity will grow 5-7%!yr to 200 mil lbs by 1981, according to a PPG Industries' Chemical Div-US. Chemical Marketing Reporter August 28, 1978 p. 14 PPG has a 50 mil lb expansion underway at its solid VDCM production facility at Lake Charles, La. Completion: summer 1978. On stream: first-quarter 1979- Vinylidene chloride's major end-uses are in the production of po1yviny1idene chloride copolymers, which are used in food packaging and as a barrier coating for paper and paperboard. The most popular of the poIyviny1idene copolymers is po1yviny1idene chloride/vinyl chloride, which is marketed by Dow as 'Saran Wrap.' A strong market is forecast for the material in food packaging, although vinylidene chloride may cause cancer at high levels of exposure. It is believed that only minute quantities of VDCM migrate from the plastic wrap when in contact with food, and these levels are greatly below those shown to induce cancer. *1USA *United States *2868123 *Vinylidene Chloride *44 *new capacity; *PPG Industries 380689 Vinylidene chloride, a plastics monomer widely used in food wraps, has been linked to formation of kidney cancers in mice. Chemical 6 Engineering News February 28, 1977 p. 6,7 Dr C Maltoni of the U of Bologna (Italy) told a scientific workshop in New York City of inhalation studies in his lab where 20 to 25% of 120 male Swiss mice exposed to 25 ppm vinylidene chloride in air developed kidney carcinomas. These represent the first clear data linking exposure to the chemical with cancer, says Dr CE Hammond, VP for epidemiological research at the American Cancer Society. Vinylidene chloride, or 1,1-dich1oroethy1ene, is structurally similar to vinyl chloride and trichloroethylene, both known carcinogens. For this reason, Maltoni has been conducting 2-yr inhalation studies of the compound in rats, mice, and hamsters. The Manufacturing Chemists Assn also has sponsored inhalation and ingestion studies of the compound in rats and hamsters. The MCA studies, conducted since 197A by 6ow Chemical have not shown any incidence of carcinogenicity, according to Dow, nor have any of Maltoni's studies on any animal other than the Swiss mouse. However, the FDA is required under the Delaney clause to ban from food contact uses a substance that is a carcinogen in any animal. Vinylidene chloride is used in copolymer vinyl chloride and with acrylonitrile, both called saran. Dow estimates that US saran production is 150 mil lb/yr, the majority of which is used (cont. next page) - dpDIOUOG = 010710 INFORMATION SERVICES INC PRINTS User:Ol8LL6 O5nov85 P096: PR 2/5/ALL (items I-9) PAGE: 173 I tern ^ of 9 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-851 Nov, Meek 1 (Copn. Predicasts Inc. 19851 in food wraps, including Dow's consumer product Saran Wrap. Both Dow and PPG (the only US producers) have studied the health of their workers exposed to vinylidene chloride, PPG for 7 yrs, and Dow for over 20 yrs. Although the studies are limited in size, neither shows any adverse health effects attributable to exposure to the chemicaI. Chem Age 2/25/77 p7 * 1USA '"'United States *2868123 -'Vinyl idene Chloride *9^ *prod safety rules 1USA United States 3^7^910 Plastic Food Film Pkg 91* prod safety rules 1USA United States 307^910 Plastic Food Film Pkg 9^ prod safety rules 339950 A carcinogen threshold limit: Conference on Origins of Human Cancer at the Cold Spring Harbor, NY, lab of JD Matson. Chemical Week September 22, 1975 p. 29 Dow's toxicology research lab director P Gehring is trying to develop a threshold limit concept for known carcinogens, using dose-response changes for animal testing of VCM and 1,^-dioxane. Using Dow test results, Gehring concludes that exposure to 50 ppm. VCM four hpd is in the threshold transition zone for tumor induction. Also, there is a threshold of exposure in rats where the ability to replace sulfhydryl groups is not overwhelmed. Umberto Saffiotti of the National Cancer Institute described attempts to test and regulate chemical carcinogens. Saffiotti proposed that research should take into account multiple-source exposure. According to Saffiotti, no data allows us to establish a threshold for carcinogens. *1USA -'United States *2868122 *V i n y 1 Chloride Monomer *3^ '"'health hazards 1USA United States 8000200 Medical Research 39 research nec R&S 140075 2887^7 Arsenic standards are ridiculous, environmental affairs. Chemical Week March 5. '975 P- 39 according to Kenneth Nelson, Asarco VP for The standard O.OO'* mg/cu meter exposure standard proposed by the 0SHA standard is 65O times tighter than that for vinyl chloride simply because arsenic is easier to measure, says Nelson. The paradox in the arsenic-cancer-1ink controversy is the number of epidemiological studies showing no difference in life expectancy among workers exposed to the substance, while higher-than-norma1 lung cancer rates were shown by Dow and Allied studies. * 1 USA '"'United States *2819903 '"'Arsenic Compounds *93 -'Pollution Reg 28LLOL Evidence from Italy suggests that vinylidene chloride may cause liver cancer, as well as its stable mate, vinyl chloride. European Chemical News November 1, 197L p. 36 An experiment by Dr Luigi Viola in Italy, who supervised laboratory studies which (cont. next page) dpDIfllOG = 01071 1 INFORMATION SERVICES. INC PRINTS User : 018446 05no\/85 P096: PR 2/5/ALL (items 1-9) I tem PAGE: 174 7 of 9 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-851Nov, Week 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc. 19851 led to the US vinyl chloride restrictions, has shown that rats began to develop liver cancers after exposures to vinylidene. Although this is not definitive evidence against vinlyidene chloride, it strongly suggests that the combination of the presence of chlorine and an unsaturated residue in a molecule results in cancer-forming properties. Such properties have not so far been discovered for molecules which contain an unsaturated group only, although these must now be suspect. Dow Chemical produces vinlyidene chloride at two plants in the US and at Ierneu2en, the Netherlands. Dow copolymerizes vinylidene chloride with vinyl chloride or acrylonitrile to produce its Saran range of plastic wrapping materials. Both Dow and PPG Industries market vinylidene chloride in the US. ICI, which also produces vinylidene chloride and its polymers, has just prepared an information sheet for its customers on the new problem. *4lTA *lta1y *2868123 '''Vinylidene Chloride *34 *Product Specs 1USA United States 2868123 Vinylidene Chloride 34 Product Specs; Dow Chemical; Duns No: OO-I38-I58I; Ticker: DOW; CUSIP: 260543 1USA United States 2868123 Vinylidene Chloride 34 Product Specs; PPG Industries 4NET Netherlands 2868123 Vinylidene Chloride 34 Product Specs; Dow Chemical; Duns No: 00-138-1581; Ticker: DOW; CUSIP: 260543 4UK United Kingdom 2868123 Vinylidene Chloride 34 Product Specs; Imperial Chemical Industries; Duns No: 21-015-2237; Ticker: ICHE; CUSIP: 452704 284403 , The US Labor Department is investigating the possibility that vinylidene chloride may, like vinyl chloride monomer, produce cancer in workers exposed to it. Chemical Age now Manufacturing Chemist Aerosol News see MfrChemAer November 1, 1974 P. 6 The Labor Department has been advised by two vinylidene manufacturers, Dow Chemical Co and PPG Industries, that they had concluded that this material too was likely to cause cancer in animals. The number of workers involved is much fewer than with VCM, and few of these work outside VCM and PVC plants already covered by the OSHA regulations announced in October 1974. Also, the chemical itself may be less of a threat because it is less gaseous than VCM at room temperatures. *1USA *United States *2868123 -'Vinylidene Chloride *93 '-Safety Rules R &s 140076 283279 Vinylidene chloride, a monomer which can be polymerized with vinyl chloride 01 acrylonitri1e to form various kinds of saran for plastic wrap materia]s, surfacei 3S a possible cancer-causing agent. Chemical Marketing Reporter October 14, 1974 p. 3-23 To date, evidence of vinylidene chloride's carcinogenic potential is confined t an experiment that showed liver cancers developing in rats after exposures of 200 parts per million of the product. Dow and government authorities stress that the evidence about vinylidene chloride is thus far meager. There have been no reported cases linking vinylidene chloride to cancer in man. * 1 USA *United States *2868123 '-Vinylidene Chloride *59 -'Illness 010712 dfointOG INFORMATION SERVICES INC R&S 140077 PRINTS User:018LL6 05novc5 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items 1-98) I tern PAGE: 175 1 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: FROM! - 72-851 Nov, Week 1 (Copr. Pnedicasts Inc. 1985) 126L218 ERA gives notice on methylene chloride. Chemical Week October 16, 1985 p. 108 Environmental Protection Agency has issued an advanced notice of proposed rule making under Toxic Substance Control Act to determine whether methylene chloride causes cancer. Environmental Protection Agency plans to list cadmium and ethylene dichloride as hazardous air pollutants under the Clean Air Act, possibly leading to emission standards in 2 years. The US produced 6 million metric tons of ethylene dichloride in I98L, primarily for use in vinyl chloride and tetraethyl lead. *1USA "'United States -2868113 -Methylene Chloride '-93 -`regulation 1 I8LO85 Measuring the risk of a key piasticizer . Chemical Week May 8, 1985 P- 15.18 A study conducted for CMA has found the plasticizer di (2-ethyIhexy1) phthalate (DEHP) to be a weak carcinogen. Since DEHP is not toxic to DNA, it should be classified as a nongenotoxic carcinogen, like DDT, saccharin and possibly carbon tetrachloride. It produces cancer in rodents by changing the key enzyme catalase, causing small organelles called peroxisomes to proliferate. PVC producers used 1.2 billion pound per year of plasticizer as of 1980, with DEHP accounting for 30 percent or 356 million pound/yr. Since DEHP is not chemically bound within the PVC, there is a possibility of widespread human exposure due to migration. Article discusses other studies of DEHP. -`1USA ^United States -2869353 -D i ethy 1 hexy 1 Phthalate *35 -`product standards 1165L71 Very high levels of toxic material are found in air. New York Times (National edition) March 26, 1985 P- 1.39 Hazardous materials at far higher levels and in more locations than suspected have been discovered in the nation's air, according to a Congressional survey of 80 large chemical firms. There are no uniform standards to control emissions of most of these substances, and some of the materials are subject to no regulations, with thousands of tons of cancer-causing agents and other hazardous materials released into the atmosphere "from hundreds of factories. The report was commissioned by Representative HA Waxman (D -- CA) , who wants to develop national standards to control toxic materials. Regulators say there has been no national inventory taken of toxic chemicals emitted into the air. Environmental Protection Agency surveyed Kanawha County, West Virginia, in 2/85, and found a spectrum of toxic substances in the air. Detailed questionnaires were sent in I/85 to 80 large chemical companies asking them to list the amounts of proven and suspected carcinogens and other hazardous materials being released into the air. Some 67 companies responded. Meanwhile, CMA says it will provide data sheets on toxic substances to help develop coordinated emergency plans to deal with accidents near chemical plants. Environmental Protection Agency has national airborne standards for only 5 toxic pollutants: asbestos, benzene, vinyl chloride, mercury and beryllium. Other states or localities may regulate other substances. (cont. next page) 010713 ............. ^ - TDIfflJOG---- -- INFORMATION SERVICES. R&S 140078 PRINTS User:0l8446 05nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items I-98) PAGE: 176 I tern 3 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-85!Nov , Meek 1 (Copr. Pnedicasts Inc. 1985J The varying standards cause complications for chemical firms. The highest concentrations of toxic chemicals in the air occur in W Virginia, Texas and Louisiana. The surveys specifically asked about some categories of chemicals that are considered carcinogenic, or hazardous for some other reason. Chemicals surveyed include methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorine, acrylonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene oxide, trichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride, hydroge' chloride and xylene. *1USA -'United States *1+95^000 *Air Pollution Control *93 `"regulation 1165448 SPA would allow vinyl chloride emissions. New York Times (National edition) March 29. 1985 P- 11 The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed changing its rules to allow so. controlled air emissions of vinyl chloride, a cancer-causing substance. Under present rules, vinyl chloride discharges into the air are prohibited except in emergencies that are not preventable by the producing plant. If emissions can be prevented, they are not considered emergencies and are subject to penalties. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed that instead of prohibiting all but emergency releases, plants producing vinyl chloride be permitted a certain number of discharges of the substance each year, ranging from 4-7, and depending on the size and plant location. The rule changes would set no limit on the amount of the individual discharges. Critics contend the changes would allow more vinyl chloride air pollution and raise the threat of cancer to people in the vicinity of plants. Vinyl chloride, used in the production of plastics and other materials, has been found to cause brain and liver cancer in humans and is currently 1 of 5 toxic air pollutants regulated by Environmental Protection Agency. * 1 USA ^United States *2868122 *Vinyl Chloride Monomer *93 *regulation 1080377 Toray's new biotube improves success rate in cancer surgery. Japan Economic Journal September 18, 1984 p. 16 Toray Industries (Japan) has developed a blood bypass tube that increases the success rate of pancreatic cancer surgery to 80%, vs the previous 20-30%. The tube has a PVC base and is coated with antithrombi material, to which heparin is chemically bonded. The heparin gradually dissolves during surgery to prevent clotting and the formation of thrombi. Toray developed the biotube jointly with Nagoya U, and will begin sales in 9/84 through its Toray Medical subsidiary. *9JPN *Japan *3842100 *Surgical Appliances & Supplies *33 '"'products; *Toray Indus tries 1069357 DFHP found safe for chi 1d-product use. Chemical Engineering News August 20, 1984 p. 23 A study commissioned by CMA has found the PVC plasticizer di-2-ethy 1 hexy1 (cont. next page) --= dfoirujoG = = 010714 INFORMATION SERVICES INC R&S 140079 PRINTS User :0l8^& O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items 1-98) I tem PAGE: 177 6 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-85INov, Week 1 (Copr, Predicasts Inc. 19851 phthalate (DEHP) safe for use in toys and other child products. Former FDA deputy associate commissioner JV Rodricks conducted the study, and found no substantial evidence of significant cancer risk from current levels of DEHP use and likely levels of childhood exposure. The plasticizer is used in squeeze toys, teething rings, pacifiers and vinyl plastics for infant furniture. A previous study by the Natl Toxicology Program suggested that high doses of DEHP caused liver tumors in rats and mice. Studies sponsored by CMA showed that mice and rats metabolize the plasticizer differently than humans. * 1 USA *United States *2869353 *D i ethy 1 hexy 1 Phthalate *35 '-product standards 1067951 A CMA study finds DEHP safe for children's products. Chemical Week August 22, 198^ p. 12 A new study shows that di(2-ethy1hexy1) phthalate is safe for use in toys and other children's products. DEHP is used as a plasticizer in PVC products, such ^ squeeze toys, teething rings and pacifiers, and vinyl plastics for childrer furniture. Based on the highest estimates of risk exposure, the lifetime risk cancer is under 1 in 1 mil. The study was commissioned by CMA. *1USA *United States *2869353 *Diethy1hexy I Phthalate *35 "product standards 1055l38 FOOD INDUSTRY FOCUS: Washington is cooking up new regulations. CPI Purchasing (formerly Chemical Purchasing) May I98I* p. 5^~57 Full health assessments have been performed on just 5^ of the 8,600 food additives, and no toxicity data exists for of those chemicals, according to the Natl Academy of Sciences. As a result, the FDA appears to be getting tougher with food additives. The FDA is near to completing safety evaluations on the 163 food color additives provisionally approved in i960. The FDA will rule on 8 of the remaining 12 dyes, and all should be approved except Red No 3, which is used in cherries. Blue No 2, an ingredient in candies, cakes, pet foods and beverages, is in the midst of a battle between the Certified Color Mfrs Assn and the Nader-affiliated Public Citizen Health Research Group over certification. The FDA is also readying its sodium labeling proposal. Consumer groups have pushed to add sodiumcontent amounts to the list of ingredients whosecontent must be specified. On the other hand, the FDA seems to be softening its stand on caffeine and food packagings with chemical additives of miniscule cancer risk. In 1975, the FDA proposed restricting PVC bottles because of the suspected link between vinyl chloride monomer and cancer. On a case-by-case basis, the FDA is approving packaging with additives that can be proven to cause less than 1 cancer death/1 mil people exposed. *1USA ''-'United States *2869200 '-Food Additives *9^ '''regulation 010715 ^fclHLOG INFORMATION 5ZRVICES. 'NC PRINTS User:Ol8446 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items 1-98) I tem PAGE: 178 9 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-851Nov, Week 1 (Copr, Predicasts Inc. 1985J 1034716 There's new business for volume plastics--in cost-cutting and value-adding. Modern Plastics International May 1984 p. 40-42 Five trends generate opportunities and problems for medical processors of volume thermoplastics. Public and private funding agencies, upon which nearly all medical facilities depend, are becoming more exacting in requirements for cost accountability, or are just cutting allotments. Replacement of nonplastics continues as medical facilities seek to reduce chance of infection, avoid breakage or gain disposability. New applications (eg disposable surgical kits) arise from the effort to improve medical procedures. Special performance demands of end users are growing due to new fields such as bioengineering and processes such as radiation sterilization. Inquiries continue into possible toxicity of materials used in medical applications. Some 225,000 m tons of PVC, PP, PE, PS and related copolymers were used in medical devices in 1983- Some 75^ of PVC output went into flexible PVC, for which the predominant plasticizer is di-2-ethy 1-hexy1-phtha 1 ate (DEHP or DOP), but DOP has been linked to liver cancer in lab animals. The market for sterilizable medical plastics is about 400,000 tons, of which 27,000 tons (as of 1983) is sterilized by cobalt-60 gamma radiation, according to Princeton Polymer Labs. The outlook for gamma sterilization has posed a problem for users of vinyl and PP; at the 2.5 M-rad doses of gamma typically used, conventional PP suffers severe deterior ation, PVC discolors and exhibits some property loss. Article discusses specialties that cut costs and the drive for cleaner resins. A'lUSA ^United States --'282 1030 "Thermoplastic Resins *3** -'product specs 1USA United States 3079600 Medical Plastics 65 sales & consumptn R&S 140080 1031313 There's new business for volume piastics--in cost-cutting and value-adding. Modern Plastics May 1984 p. 50-52 Five trends generate opportunities and problems for medical processors of volume thermoplastics. Public and private funding agencies, upon which nearly all medical facilities depend, are becoming more exacting in requirements for cost accountability, or are just cutting allotments. Replacement of nonplastics continues as medical facilities seek to reduce chance of infection, avoid breakage or gain disposability. New applications (eg disposable surgical kits) arise from the effort to improve medical procedures. Special performance demands of end users are growing due to new fields such as bioengineering and processes such as radiation sterilization. Inquiries continue into possible toxicity of materials used in medical applications. Some 225,000 m tons of PVC, PP, PE, PS and related copolymers were used in medical devices in 1983. Some 15% of PVC output went into flexible PVC, for which the predominant plasticizer is d i-2-ethy1-hexy1-phtha1 ate (DEHP or DOP), but DOP has been 1 inked to 1iver cancer in lab animals. The market for sterilizable medical plastics is about 400,000 tons, of which 27,000 tons (as of 1983) is sterilized by cobalt-60 gamma radiation, according to Princeton Polymer Labs. The outlook for gamma sterilization has posed a problem for users of vinyl and PP; at the 2.5 M-rad doses of gamma typically used, conventional PP suffers severe deterioration, PVC discolors and exhibits some property loss. Article discusses specialties that cut costs and the drive for cleaner resins. * 1 USA ^United 010716 States 5'2821030 ''Thermop 1 as t i c Resins (cont. next page) -''34 "product specs = dfolffiOG INFORMATION SERVICES, INC PRINTS User :Ol8LL6 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items 1-98) PAGE: 179 1tem 10 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 2! DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-85/Nov, Week 1 (Copn. Predicasts Inc. 19851 1USA United States 3079&00 Medical Plastics 65 sales consumptn 1026100 PRW Special Report: Choice of material is wide - and critical. Plastics Rubber Weekly February 11, I98L p. 7 World: Medical plastics need to withstand sterilisation temperatures of 13L=C, to overcome increasing bacteria resistance. Major plastics used are polyethylene, polystyrene, styrene acrylonitrile, PVC and PP. Sterilisation methods include gamma radiation, for single-use items, sterilisation by ethylene, for single-use and reuseable articles, and steam sterilisation for reusable items. Higher sterilisation temperatures have led to new developments, including General Electric's (US) High Heat Lexan po1yphtha1 ate carbonate, which is superior to polysulphone under repeated sterilisation at 13L=C. Other plastics used in medical applications include polyethylene and nylon composite films for sterile packs; matrix materials with carbon fibre, produced by film lamination, for lightweight artificial limbs; polystyrene beads for bone marrow cancer cell separation; and water reactive polyurethane dressings available as impregnated bandages to replace plaster of Paris. *0 W EWorld *3079&00 '-Medical Plastics *3L *product specs 1021126 ALUMINUM ANSWER. Packaging Review September 1983 P- 37,39 ICI packages its breast cancer drug in aluminum blisters for increased light protection. The Nolvadex tablets are packaged on a Uhlmann UPS LET blister line. Teflon plugs form the blister by pressing down into the cavity. The plugs only' touch the material at the base and top of the tool. The pocket side wall profile is tailor-made at an angle design to ensure accurate filling and to prevent cracking-out of the aluminum. Aluminium Werke Singen produces the printed Nylon/aluminum foil/PVC laminate for the forming web. The lidding material is printed aluminum foil coated with heatseal lacquer that mates with the C of the formed web. *LUK *United Kingdom *283LlLO *Anticancer Drugs *L6 *use of materials; *lmperia] Chemical Industries LUK United Kingdom 307^800 Plastic Blister Thermoform Packs 33 products LWGE West Germany 3071791 Metalli2ed Film 33 products; Aluminium Werke Singen R&S 140081 980612 Sweden: Studies suggest alcohol may be involved in hepatocellular cancer. SCRIP-World Pharmaceutical News November 28, 1983 p. 16 The incidence of primary liver cancer in women in Goteborg has shown a marked increase, rising to 6.2 cases/yr in 1978 from 1.6 in 1958. Primary liver cancer in men in the area still predominates. The study also suggests that although better diagnosis and demographic factors may account for some of the apparent increase, there appears also to have been a real increase, and further studies should be undertaken. They suggest the most important etiological factor in Sweden for hepatocellular cancers may be alcohol, as this would offer a reasonable explanation (cont. next page) = dfclfTUOG = 010717 information SERVICES, INC PRINTS User:Ol8kk6 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items I-98) I tern PAGE: 180 13 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 2) DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72~85INov, Meek 1 (Copn, Pnedicasts Inc. 1985) of the differences in incidence rate between men and women. Other suggested explanations include exposure to male hormones, vinyl chloride, arsenic, thorium doxide or mycotoxins. *5SWE -'Sweden *8000221 *Cancer RD *31 -'science 9286^0 UK: Homes are gathering places for harmful natural radioactivity, according to a National Radiological Protection Board report. New Scientist July 7. 1983 P- 3 Some 100,000 persons may be receiving more radiation from their homes than most workers in nuclear power stations. The radiation originates with radon gas that comes from rocks containing small quantities of uranium. It passes through holes in the floor and accumulates, especially in homes sealed to conserve energy. Regions where igneous rocks contain large amount of uranium, such as the highland areas of southwest and northern England, Scotland and Wales, face the most risk. In Cornwall, Aberdeen and parts of Yorkshire, especially high levels of radiation have been found. Some 1400,000 people may be experiencing alpha radiation levels of over 5 mi11isieverts/yr (mSv), vs an average UK exposure level of 0.8 mSv/yr. About 1,000 households could be exposed to 25 mSv/yr. The isotope radon-222 is a decay product of uranium-238. Other decay products such as polonium-218 and 21k also emit alpha radiation, which attaches to liquid and solid particles in the air to create a kind of radioactive aerosol. The radioactive materials can cause lung cancer when inhaled. The NRPB report suggests fitting PVC sheets below floorboards and blocking drains with foam plugs to reduce radon gas leaking into homes. *kUK -'United Kingdom *1520020 *Housing ex Mobile Homes *35 '''product safety kUK United Kingdom 1520020 Housing ex Mobile Homes 35 product safety R&S 140082 879357 CPSC is investigating the safety of di(2-ethyl hexyl)phthalate, which is primarily used as a PVC piasticizer. Chemical & Engineering News February 28, 1983 P- 36 -- 37 A 1982 study by the Natl Toxicology Program found that DEHP and its metabolite, mono (2-ethy1hexy1)phtha1 ate, caused testicular damage, birth defects or embryo death in rodents. The use of OEHP in consumer products was evaluated for CPSC by A Little. In 1980, about 15% of all PVC products were made with the plasticizer representing about 35k mil lb of DEHP consumed. The items of greatest concern t CPSC are children's products made of soft plastic; Little has estimated that son 5.3"12.9 mil lb of DEHP was used in such items, including pacifiers, crib bumpt pads, baby mattresses and plastic pants, with concentrations as high as k0%. CMA has defended DEHP on the premise that the observed carcinogenicity of DEHP : rats and mice is caused by a quirk in their metabolism and is not a characterist of the phthalate. In response to DEHP and other drugs, rats and mice produ< peroxisomes, which are suspected of causing liver cancer. The bubblelil peroxisomes, which contain enzymes, are not expected to be produced in primates. CMA is currently conducting metabolism studies to demonstrate this, while testing other plasticizers such as butyl benzyl phthalate and dial 1 y 1 phthalate to see if (cont. next page) 010718 ...... = QfDIRUOG INFORMATION SERVICES. INC. R&S 140083 PRINTS User:Ol8446 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items I-98) I tem PAGE: 181 15 of DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: PROMT ~ 72-85INov, Meek 1 (Cope. Predicasts Inc. 19851 they display any adverse reactions. Further NTP tests will focus on mutagenici teratology, reproduction, skin absorption and the mechanisms of DEHP. *1USA ^United States *2869353 :':D i ethy 1 hexy 1 Phthalate *94 *prod safety rules 1USA United States 2869353 Diethylhexyl Phthalate 94 prod safety rules 877005 FDA Lias agreed that alcoholic beverage containers with residual VCM levels of not wore than 10 ppb will yield VCM wigration to food at a level below the 'very safe level' developed by the agency's Bureau of Foods Cancer Assesswent Committee. Plastics Technology Magazine February 1983 p. 98 The FDA statement on liquor bottles came in response to a SPI request that the agency clarify its position on PVC alcoholic beverage containers. SPI has also asked that ATF ask FDA for an opinion on PVC liquor bottles. ATF1s reluctance to request FDA action has more to do with politics that with the substance of the problem. Since BATF has already approved PET as liquor bottle material, suppliers of food-grade PVC compounds are pressing BATF to also approve PVC to give liquor packagers a choice. *1USA *United States *3074315 '"'Plastic Wine & Liquor Bottles *94 *prod safety rules 1USA United States 3074315 Plastic Wine Liquor Bottles 94 prod safety rules 842983 Metal 1gesel 1 schaft (M Germany! carries out R&D in metal chemistry and chemicals which can be combined with metals. Chemische Industrie November 1982 p. 781,782 Language: German It is working on the chemistry of salts and compounds in lithium and caesium. Lithium carbonate is used as a fluorite substitute in glass enamel and to reduce fluoride emissions in the aluminium industry; lithium hydroxide is used in high quality fats; and lithium chloride in air conditioning and aluminium welding. New uses for caesium compounds being examined include optical glasses and in cancer research. The company's extensive range of plastics and rubber additives include accelerators for rubber vulcanisation, metal-rubber adhesives and stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride. *4WGE *West Germany *3339845 *Cesium *45 *R&D outlays; *Meta11gese11schaft 4WGE West Germany 2819951 Lithium 45 R&D outlays; Meta 11geseI 1schaft 782270 Instal1ati on of polybutylene pipe for domestic plumbing cost about 23% less in labor costs ks copper, according to Shell Chemical. Plastics World June 1982 p,-6,7 M McMillan, a private environmental consultant, will prepare an environmental impact report on the use of plastic pipe for carrying drinking water. The research is funded jointly by the Society of the Plastics Industry and the California Pipe Trades Council, representing the state's plumbing unions. Each side will put up (cont. next page) --01AT in J " -- =- .......... :_____ OrDifflJOG --- S*V1CE5 INC R&S 140084 PRINTS User:0l841t6 05nov85 PO97: PR 3/5/ALL (items 1-98) I tern PAGE: 182 18 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 2) DIALOG File 16: PROtff - 72-851 Nov, Week 1 (Copr. Predi casts Inc. 19851 $15,000 to defray costs. The report will be submitted to the California Housing & Community Development Commission, the state's codewriting organization. The California Supreme Court has refused to rule on a ban on distribution in California of the 1982 Uniform Plumbing Code published by the Intnl Assn of Plumbing Mechanical Officials. The code permits use of polybutylene, PVC, and chlorinated PVC in pipe used to carry drinking water in homes. These are the key resins disputed by the plumbers. The plumbers say the plastic pipe causes cancer and nervous disorders in people drinking water carried in plastic pipes and in plumbers who handle the pipe. * 1 USA ''United States *3076630 *Plastic Pipe, Water Supply *33 -'applications 1USA United States 3076630 Plastic Pipe, Water Supply 33 applications 1USA United States 3076630 Plastic Pipe, Water Supply 3^ product specs 1 US A United States 3076630 Plastic Pipe, Water Supply 3^ product specs 1USA United States ^9^0100 Fresh Water 35 product standards 777^6 Dioctyl phthalate (D0P! will capture over 30% of the plasticizers market by 19. vs 25% in 1981, according to P Burger of Badiscbe. Chemical Business (Supplement to Chemical Marketing Reporter) May 31. 1982 p. 33-37 Although linear plasticizers have largely replaced OOP in some automotive applications due to antifogging requirements, a major disadvantage of linears is their lack of versatility. Dioctyl phthalate will hold on to its share of the wire and cable market. USS Chemicals Div and Tenneco Chemicals will jointly begin production of 210 mil Ib/yr of phthalic anhydride and 190 mil Ib/yr at Pasadena, Tex, in lst-half 1983. Phthalic anhydride and 2-ethyIhexano1 are used as starting materials for DOP production. DOP dominated the plasticizer business 10 yrs ago, accounting for nearly 50% of sales. A major use of DOP was to impart softness to flexible PVC. Flexible PVC output skyrocketed to a peak 2.6 bil lbs in 1979, causing a serious shortage of DOP. Since not enough DOP was available to satisfy demand, long-chain linear plasticizers came into wider use. Another blow was dealt to the DOP industry in 1980 when the Natl Cancer Inst released a report on the carcinogenicity of DOP. Although EPA subsequently ruled that the data on which the study was based were incomplete and flawed, the Natural Resources Defense Council is demanding that DOP be banned. Tenneco forecasts that DOP demand will rise to 1979 levels and may exceed it in 1983, but Conoco is less optimistic, projecting an excess capacity of DOP in 1983* Flexible PVC demand dropped to 2.3 mil lbs in 1980 and has remained flat. The outlook for DOP will depend on the flexible PVC market, which it must dominate to regain its position as the leading plasticizer. * 1 USA -'United States *286935^ *Dioctyl Phthalate *60 -'market data 15^*8 Texas 2866131 Phthalic Anhydride kb new capacity: USS Chemicals 1558 Texas 2866131 Phthalic Anhydride M new capacity; Tenneco Chemicals 15^8 Texas 286825^ Ethyl Hexanol bb new capacity; Tenneco Chemicals 15^*8 Texas 286825^ Ethyl Hexanol bb new capacity; USS Chemicals 010720 information Services, imc, PRINTS User:0l8446 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items 1-98) I tem PAGE: 183 20 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-851Nov, Week 1 (Copr, Predicasts Inc. 19851 741275 Natl Clean Ain Coalition wants Congress to force EPA to limit emissions of hazardous air pollutants. Chemical & Engineering News March 15. 1982 p. 5,6 Data from 4 studies done for EPA in 1979^80 reveal that 312 plants in 39 states emit at least 10,000 lb/yr of suspect toxic air pollutants. Some 11-21%/yr of lung cancer cases are probably attributable to air pollution, according to a recent study. In 12 yrs, EPA has set standards for only 4 po11utants--asbestos, beryllium, mercury and vinyl chloride. It has listed arsenic, benzene and radionuclides as hazardous but has not set emission standards for them, although the statutory deadline for setting a standard, 1 yr after listing, has passed. It has been studying 37 toxic pollutants, ranging from acetaldehyde to xylenes, without taking any action. According to D Diniger of the coalition, 'Millions of Americans living in the shadow of chemical plants, coke ovens and other factories are breathing chemicals that can cause cancer and other killing diseases.1 *1USA ^United States *495^000 *Air Pollution Control *93 -'pollution regulatn 1 US A United States 495^000 Air Pollution Control 93 pollution regulatn 1USA United States 9108410 Air Pollution Control Programs 93 pollution regulatn 1USA United States 910&410 Air Pollution Control Programs 93 pollution regulatn R&S 140085 740175 Sekisui Chemical (Japan! has developed a new type of PVC resin which needs piasticisers during processing, but is produced using vinyl acetate and ot.,,,, comonomers . European Chemical News March 8, 1982 p. 26 The company hopes that the resin will find novel applications, including medical uses and applications in electrical apparatus. Some plasticisers used with conventional PVC have been associated with cancer, excluding them from use in the medical field. The company has filed for patents in Japan, the US and several European countries, (article contains little further information) *9JPN *Japan *2821210 -'Polyvinyl Chloride *33 5':new product; *$ekisui Chemical 716350 The piasticizer-range alcohol market will grow to 1.6bil lbs by 1985, up 3.5%lyr k5 1979 figures, according to a study by Colin A Houston & Assoc. Journal of Commerce January 12, 1982 p. 6A Plasticizer alcohols involve those in the C6-C13 range and include 2-ethy1hexanol, iso alcohols, linear alcohols and butyl benzyl alcohols. Plasticizers, the most important oultet for these alcohols, consume 70%/yr of plasticizer alcohol production. The major end-use for plasticizers is flexible polyvinyl chloride, which will grow over 2.5%/yr from 1979 levels through mid-1980. Individual phthalates, the general purpose plasticizers, account for 60% of the market. The study examines the intercompetition between di (2-ethy1hexy1) phthalate vs diisononyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate vs linear phthalate. Specific end markets include plasticizers, PVC, acrylate, lube and fuel oil additives, surfactants and solvents. The study brings together scientific as well as (cont. next page) . 010721 -------- <TDirHJ0G ' information SERVICES INC. PRINTS User:0l8U6 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items I-98) I tem PAGE: 184 22 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 2) DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-851 Nov, Week 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc. 1985} regulatory opinions on the plasticizer cancer issue. * 1USA '^United States *2868203 ''Plasticizer Alcohols *65 *sales 706905 World: Plastics additives will be under stringent restrictions due to the establishment of stricter safety rules, according to the US Natl Cancer Inst. Japan Chemical Week October 29. 798 1 p. A The carcinogenicity of DOA as a vinyl chloride stabilizer has triggered much discussion worldwide. International discussions about standards for plastics and additives occurred between representatives of Japan, the US and the EEC at a conference held for the unification of plastics at Edinburgh, Scotland. It is necessary to unify standards for plastics, especially because of their applications in the food industry. *0 W *World *2869310 '"'Plastic Additives *35 `"'product standards 0 W World 2821000 Plastic Materials 35 product standards 680170 Safety regulations may be a Chemical Business (Supplement P- 38,39+ stumbling block for the plastic to Chemical Marketing Reporter) pipe industries. September 21, 1981 The California Housing Community Development Commission (HCDC) has denied approval for new uses of pipe made from polyvinyl chloride, aery 1 onitri1e-butadiene-styrene, chlorinated PVC and polybutylene, claiming health hazards against pipe resin producers. The California Pipe Trades Council claims that plastic piping is hazardous to the populace and has caused cancer in plumbers and pipefitters in particular. California Analytical Labs was commissioned by CPTC to test PB leaching in water and found concentrations up to 500 ppm. Hence, HCDC yanked PB pipe's approval. Shell Chemical was outraged by this action because it was counting on the California market to soak up excess output from the 50 mil lb/yr plant at Taft, La. PVC is the 1argest-voIume resin in the plastic pipe resin. Sales rose 8.4%/yr in 1976~80, while drain, waste and vent sector sales of ABS fell about 12%/yr. Plastic pipe consumption is expected to rise 8-9%/yr until 1990 ar over 2.8 bit lbs were laid in I98O. *1USA *United States *3076600 Aplastic Pipe l Fittings *9** 1USA United States 30766OO Plastic Pipe Fittings Sh prod 1USA United States 30766OO Plastic Pipe Fittings 94 prod 1USA United States 9018633 *** 9^ prod safety rules 1 USA United States 9018633 *** 94 prod safety rules *prod safety safety rules safety rules rules R&S 140086 677513 The US PVC industry is optimistic about winning a case over the banning of 2 PVC piasticizers. ^Business Week Industrial Edition September 7, 1981 p. 92F.92H Diethylhexyl 010722 phthalate (DEHP) and diethylhexyl (cont. next page) adipate (DEHA) are = dfoimcG = MYfORMATION S^lCS. INC the PRINTS User : 01 81+1*6 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items 1-98) Item PAGE: 185 25 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-85INov, Meek 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc. 1985/ controversial plasticizers, which lend flexibility to stiff PVC'products, such as plastic meat wrap and toys. EPA and FDA fear migration from the plastic wrap into meat and contamination from landfills into major cities' water supplies may be serious, long-term environmental hazards with a significant cancer risk. Dr EN Skiest, chairman of the FDA plasticizer task force within CMA and technical director for chemicals at Borden, lacks faith in the study by the National Cancer Inst because 'the dose was too great and the animals were under extreme stress.' Major plasticizer producers are developing alternate compounds. The FDA is not pushing hard to ban the PVC plasticizers because there are no effective substitutes and they risk being overruled by Congress. Washington is working with industry, allowing private research with govt regulation for product health risks. This mighl lead to selective restrictions. No action seems immediate. *1USA -United States *2821210 *Polyvinyl Chloride *35 *product safety 1USA United States 2869350 Plasticizers 35 product safety R&S 140087 6551*1+1* Plastics use in medical applications is receiving attention from the industrial sector, according to Margolis Marketing & Research. Chemical Marketing Reporter June 15. 1981 p. 3>30 Progress is being made in producing biocompatible polymers to advance surgical techniques. Polyvinyl chloride and a crylonitrile cast on woven polyethylene cloth form a membrane oxygenator for blood. When these membranes are coated with ultra 1ow-temperature isotropic carbon the compatibility of the membranes are improved. Two types of artificial skin are being developed-- one is used to displace air pockets around wounds due to burns, and a long-term artificial skin which is biodegradeab1e. The most significant development in synthetic implants is a permanent artificial heart of elastomeric polyrethane to be ready for use in 1981. Bone cement's effectiveness is related to the viscosity of cement during application. Methyl methacrylate and polymethyl methacrylate are low viscosity cements and acrylate-styrene copolymers produce a viscosity cement that allows controlled progression from the fluid stage to setting.Therapeutic chemical plastic capsules can be inserted directly into the needed area reducing the side effects. Time-release capsule implants will be used with drugs, enzymes antibiotics, microbial cells, for treatment of cancer; delivery of contraceptive steriods, anti-nausea drugs, prevention of dental caries, topical treatment of burn wounds and administering tranquilizers and hypertensive agents. Nylon 6 coating on activated charcoal is being considered for absorption control for detoxification of blood in drug overdose cases and uraemia. * 1USA *United States *2821000 *Plastic Materials *33 *app1ications 1USA United States 381*0000 Medical Instruments & Supplies 1*6 materials use 6501*66 The US piasticizer industry is hesitant to comment on EPA's recent preliminary risk assessment of OOP. Chemical Week June 21*, 1981 p. 18 There has been some concern that a study indicating cancer risk would 1ead to a ban. BASF, a major factor in the 1.3 bil Ib/yr phthalates market, found Nationa1 (cont. next page) ^0,,3 u 0fDIFROG = information service. PRINTS User : 018446 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items l-g8) I tern PAGE: 186 27 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-85/Nov, Week 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc, 1985) Toxicology Program's conference on phthalates to be fair, and no one in the marketplace is seriously looking for alternatives. Exxon, which has plasticizer capacity of 300 mil lbs/yr and is the leading US producer of di-iso-nonyIphthaI ate, claims that there is currently no need for an alternative to phthalate esters, especially in the PVC market. Baxter Travenol claims that there has been the equivalent of 3 mil patient yrs of exposure to DOP in the form of PVC blood bags with no apparent causal relationship between its use and cancer. Tenneco Chemicals finds it hard to imagine a situation where DOP was banned and similar phthalate plasticizers were not, . but believes some restrictions may be made on the plasticizer in the area of allowable exposure, currently 5 mg/m3 of air in 24 hrs. Typical exposure in a plasticizer plant is about 0.25 mg/m3 in 24 hrs. In the short term, there is not enough US output of the 2 preferred DOP substitutes to fill a gap caused by DOP's disappearance. Plasticizer alcohols from Europe will fill that need until US production recovers. Current US demand for DINP and DIDP is 350 mil lbs/yr, with demand for individual plasticizers at 175 mil lbs/yr each. US demand for DOP is 300-400 mil lbs/yr. The govt has not yet decided what type of testing to allow for alkyl phthalates. EPA should receive a draft copy of CMA 1 s lates proposal soon, but the plan would be reviewed for months. * 1USA *United States *286935^ '-'Phthalate Plasticizers *35 :':product safety R&S 140088 649268 World: Pigments should replace electroplating as the major end use for cadmium i a few years, according to speakers at the Third Intnl Cadmium Conference. #_Metal Bulletin Monthly May 1981 p. 55"59 Consumption for plating has fallen since 1965 to 33% of total world consumption vs 50%, largely due to environmental problems, while growth for pigments has risen in tonnage and as a proportion of the total world cadmium market. Growth in cadmium stabilisers has also been substantial since 1965, due to their use to stabilise PVC, while nickel cadmium rechargeable batteries now account for 17% of total cadmium use, vs 7% in I965. In Japan, batteries account for 40% of cadmium consumption. The share taken by alloys has fallen to 6% vs 8% in 1965, and demand for cadmium-containing alloys is unlikely to rise. World cadmium production in 1979 was 14,600 tons, and growth was 3%/yr from 1966. Consumption patterns have changed considerably, with Europe now taking 50% of world cadmium output, vs 40% in the mid-1960s, and the US taking 33%, vs 50%- Japanese consumption fell sharply following the outbreak of itai-itai disease, which effectively closed down cadmium plating. Sweden will restrict the use of cadmium for pigments, stabilisers and coatings from mid-1982, applicable to imported products containing cadmium as well as domestic production. Due to fears of further cadmium restriction, the search for cadmium substitutes has intensified. BJ Wixson of the U of Missouri-Ro1 I a attributed 20% of cadmium released into the environment by the primary nonferrous metals industries, 30% to the use and disposal of cadmium, and 50% as inadvertently derived from fossil fuels, sewage sludge and phosphate fertilisers. Environmental cadmium was estimated at 2,100 tons in 1980, vs 1,800 tons in 197^-75 Of this, 90% should be bound in soil, sediment and aquatic sinks in an environmentally acceptable manner, while the remainder could be effectively controlled. There was no data showing that cadmium is associated with any type of cancer, except that of the prostate, and that even here inducement by cadmium does not seem likely. *0 W *Wor1d *3339640 *Cadmium *65 '''consumption ^ `0/2^ ^ ^TDimOG :-- INFORMATION SERVICES- INC. - PRINTS User:Ol8446 05nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items i-98) I tern PAGE: 187 29 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 2) DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-85INov, Week 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc. 19851 &0&442 Tenneco Chemicals Inc has been charged with Clean Air Act violations due to discharges of vinyl chloride from its Burlington , NJ, plant. Chemical Marketing Reporter January 5. 1981 p. 5,l8 The govt is seeking $450,000 in civil penalties and an injunction from further releases. The firm allegedly released over 10,000 lbs of VC on 17 occasions in 1978 and 1979, and is charged with having failed to report 1 of the discharges. Each discharge, including the unreported release, can be penalized in the amount of $25>000. Vinyl chloride has been implicated in human cases of a rare form of liver cancer and other disorders in people with occupational exposure and in animals with experimental contact. * 1 USA ''United States *2868122 *Vinyl Chloride Monomer *93 -'pollution regulatn; *Tenneco Chemicals 1USA United States 2868122 Vinyl Chloride Monomer 93 pollution regulatn; Tenneco Chemica1s 577617 ASTMS, the UK white collar union, is seeking to reduce vinyl chloride monomer exposure levels to a maximum of 1 ppm. Chemical Age now Manufacturing Chemist 6 Aerosol News see MfrChemAer August 8, 1980 P. 8 The current TLV level of 3 ppm was specified in the EEC directive of 1978. The union also wants more generous compensation for workers exposed to the higher levels of VCM in operation before 1974. According to results from research at the Bologna Cancer Inst, carcinogenic response can be induced at 1 ppm. The ASTMS wants the vinyl chloride working party of the UK's Advisory Committee on Toxic Sustances to reconvene. The working party includes union, industry and Health 6 Safet' Commission representives. European VCM producers are working towards a TLV of 3 PP1 under a voluntary code of practice, vs a target of 1 ppm in the US and Sweden. *4UK *United Kingdom *2868122 *Vinyl Chloride Monomer *93 *occupatnl safety 4UK United Kingdom 2868122 Vinyl Chloride Monomer 93 occupatnl safety 4UK United Kingdom 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 4UK United Kingdom 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 565823 EPA will develop 2 new rules requiring warning labels on hazardous chemicals and mixtures, one rule for acute hazards and one for cancer hazards. Chemical & Engineering News June 30, 1980 p. 14 5ubstances listed under the cancer-hazard rule include acrylonitrile, benzene, chloroalkyl ethers, chloroform, DDT, hydrazine, nickel and its compounds, nitrosamines, polychlorinated biphenyls, trichloroethylene and vinyl chloride. *1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals *94 *consumer protectn 1USA United States 9^38600 Environmental Protection Agency 94 consumer protectn R&S 140089 010725 ^DlflUOG ^ INFQfiMATJON 5E*VIC3. INC. PRINTS User : 018LL6 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items 1-98) I tern PAGE: 188 32 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 1G: PROMT - 72~85INov , Meek 1 (Copr. Pnedicasts Inc. 19851 562022 Cancer risk from exposure to VCM and PVC may previously thought, says OSHA, based on UK research. Hydrocarbon Processing May 1980 p. 13 occur at levels lower than * 1USA '"'United States *2821210 *Polyvinyl Chloride *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2821210 Polyvinyl Chloride 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2868122 Vinyl Chloride Monomer 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2868122 Vinyl Chloride Monomer 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9IO865I Occupat iona1 Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9IO865I Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 561108 EPA has put arsenic on its list of hazardous air pollutants, saying there is a high probabi1ity that inorganic arsenic can cause cancer in humans. Chemical Marketing Reporter June-9. 1980 p. 3.^5 Arsenic joins asbestos, beryllium, mercury, vinyl chloride, benzene and radionuclides on the list. Inorganic arsenic emissions into ambient air are over 6,000 tpy, with about 65% of this amount coming from copper, lead and zinc smelters, according to data by SRI International in a report to EPA. *1USA *United States *2819903 *Arsenic 6 Compounds *93 '''pollution regulatn 1 US A United States 2819903 Arsenic 6 Compounds 93 pollution regulatn 1USA United States Air Pollution Control 93 pollution regulatn 1USA United States L95AOOO Air Pollution Control 93 pollution regulatn 1USA United States 9138600 Environmental Protection Agency 93 pollution regulatn 1USA United States 9138600 Environmental Protection Agency 93 pollution regulatn 5L118L 0SHA is reexamining vinyl chloride monomer's safety in a March 1980 meeting attended by representatives of industy, govt, unions and independent researchers . Journal of Commerce March 13, 198O p. 5 Existing rules don't allow over 1 ppm exposure in 8~hrs. Data indicating that VCM exposure could lead to brain, lung and lymphatic hematopoietic cystic cancer and that PVC dust could be a health hazard will be discussed. *1USA -'United States *2868122 *Vinyl Chloride Monomer *9A *labor regulatn 1USA United States 9125300 Occupational Safety & Health Adm 9A labor regulatn 5256L9 0SHA is reviewing its exposure standards for vinyl chloride and PVC dust, following the publ i cation of studies suggesting higher cancer and pneumoconiosis incidence among vinyl chloride and PVC fabrication workers. Chemical Week January 2, I980 p. 10 t is asking for information and comments. Chem Eng 1/1L/80 p57 CE News 1/1L/80 (cont. next page) 010726 INFORMATION SERVICES. INC R&S 140090 R&S 140091 PRINTS User:0l8446 O5nov35 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items 1-98) I tern PAGE: 189 35 of DIALOG (VERSION 2) DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-851 Nov, Meek 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc. 19851 Pl7 * 1 USA ^United States *2821210 *Polyvinyl Chloride *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9125300 Occupational Safety 6 Health Adm 93 occupatnl safety 481179 A CPSC study suggests use of short-term, high-dose lab studies of card nogens. Chemical Engineering News May 7. 1979 P* 14 The study examined the effects of inhalation of high doses (up to 50,000 ppm) of vinyl chloride on rodents. Most inhalation-based studies have involved relatively small doses given routinely over long periods. Only mice, not rats, demonstrated any carcinogenic effects from exposure to vinyl chloride and the single-dose experiments at the highest dose levels produced only benign tumors, which subsequently failed to progress to malignant tumors. Pneumoniti5--acute, localized lung inf1ammation--was evident in all animals receiving doses of 500 ppm or more. Most toxicologists think that a dose of a chemical that makes an animal acutely ill should not be used in carcinogenicity studies, since results may be unrelated to the compound's cancer-inducing potential. * 1USA *United States *8000200 *Medical Research *39 -research nec 1USA United States 9^38700 Consumer Product Safety Com 39 research nec 469569 Vinyl chloride monomer levels in PVC have been effectively controlled and reduced in the UK through cooperation between govt and industry, according to the Min of Agri culture. Plastics & Rubber International March 9, '979 P- 10 Exposure to VCM may cause a rare liver and blood vessel cancer. World surveys estimate that worker exposure levels for VCM or PVC have dropped from 1,000 ppm in 943 to 150 ppm in 1973* *4UK *United Kingdom *2868122 *Vinyl Chloride Monomer *93 *occupatnl safety 4UK United Kingdom 2868122 Vinyl Chloride Monomer 93 occupatnl safety 4UK United Kingdom 2821210 Polyvinyl Chloride 93 occupatnl safety 468993 N10SH has found further evidence of brain cancers among chemical workers in Texas plants . Chemical Week March 14, 1379 p. 19 At Monsanto's Texas City, Tex, chemical intermediates plant, NI0SH found 5 deaths were due to brain tumors, 2 of which could have been caused by glioblastoma mu 1tiform--the cancer to which the deaths of 9 employees of Union Carbide's Texas City, Tex, plant were attributed. Initial indications were that the deaths at both plants could be tied to vinyl chloride monomer, but an 0SHA industrial hygienist says several chemicals are being studied, including acrylonitrile, ethylene oxide, polyethylene and their intermediates and that it is too early to make a judgment on the tumors' cause. (cont. next page) 010727 INFORMATION 5ERVICES. INC PRINTS User :01 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items I-98) PAGE: 190 I tern 38 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 2) DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-851Nov, Meek 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc. 1985/ * 1 USA -.'United States *2800000 *^Chemicals *93 *occupatnl safety; *Monsanto; Duns No: *00-626-6803; Ticker: *MTC; CUSIP: *611662 1USA United States 9124221 Natl Institute of Occ Safety Health 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9124221 Natl 1nstitute of Occ Safety & Health 93 occupatnl safety 1USA Uni ted States 2800000 Chem iicals 93 occupatnl safety; Monsanto; Duns No: 00-626-6803: Ticker: MTC; CUSIP: 611662 R&S 140092 464857 OSHA and N10SH are investigating brain-tumor deaths at Union Carbide's Texas City, Tex, plant. Chemical Week February 28, 1979 P- 22 Eleven cases were uncovered, including 10 deaths, 9 of which were from a form c cancer called glioblastoma multiform. The total number of tumors is high for tf number of workers. Vinyl chloride monomer is the leading suspect, since severs studies have linked it to glioblastoma; VCM is most commonly associated wit angiosarcoma, a liver cancer. Other possible causes of brain tumors will b studied, including ethylene oxide and acrylonitrile. The link is tentative; a 0SHA-NI0SH investigation team is gathering data. * 1 USA *United States *2868122 *Vinyl Chloride Monomer *93 *occupatnl safety; *Union Carbide; Duns No: *00-128-9008; Ticker: *UK; CUSIP: *905581 1USA United States 2868122 Vinyl Chloride Monomer 93 occupatn] safety; Union Carbide; Duns No: 00-128-9008; Ticker: UK; CUSIP: 905581 464077 The US govt has completed a report designed to help regulators decide when a compound is actually carcinogenic. Daily News Record February 12, 1979 P- 23 The report, issued by OSHA, EPA, FDA and the Consumer Product Safety Commission, covers such issues as defining a carcinogen, deciding to what extent it is possible to create a risk-free environment and judging the use of animal studies in assessing human health risks from carcinogenic agents. Of about 70,000 chemicals now in commercal production, only 1-2% have been studied for carcinogenic potential using current methods. Some 26 substances are known to cause cancer in people, based on direct observation of exposed human populations. These include vinyl chloride, asbestos, arsenic compounds, chromium, mustard gas and nickel. * 1 USA `-'-'United States *2800000 *Chemicals *94 *prod safety rules 1USA United States 2800000 Chemicals 94 prod safety rules 1)39069 Work related cancers may account for 20-38% of the total cancers occurring in the US over the next 30-35 yrs, vs. Chemical Week September 20, 1978 p. 22 conventional estimates of 1"5%, according to a study by the National Cancer (cont. next page) dfolFUCG = 010728 information SERVICES INC nst PRINTS User :018446 05nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items I-98) Item PAGE: 191 41 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 2/ DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-85/Nov, Week 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc. 1985) and the National Inst of Environmental Health Sciences. The report will be submitted as evidence to OSHA, and the authors want it to be used as part of the data on which OSHA wi1 base its regulatory policy. The study predicts 2.15 mil persons will suffer cancer attributable to asbestos over the next 30-35 yrs (67,000 cases/yr or 17% of all cancers detected/yr). Arsenic, benzene, coal-tar pitch volatiles and coke oven emissions, and vinyl chloride will result in 1-3% of the cancers/yr. Chromium, iron oxide, nickel and petroleum distillates will contribute to 3"l8% of the cancers/yr. * 1 USA *United States *2800000 ''-'Chemicals *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2800000 Chemicals 93 occupatnl safety 435213 Research into vinyl chloride monomer in food packaging in S Africa is likely to result from a report by Kr K Ivanetich of Cape Town U suggesting that only independent studies would prove whether levels of VCM in S African foods were high enough to cause cancer or other diseases in consumers. Plastics 4 Rubber Weekly June 30, 1978 p. 10 Xacties (Pty) Ltd, the largest S African manufacturer of PVC bottles, has claimed that precautions the firm has taken have resulted in a maximum level of 0.5 ppm of VCM (French, German and Japanese standard is 1 ppm). No govt body or agency could demonstrate whether these levels could have an adverse effect on the human body. *7S0A *South Africa *2868122 *Viny1 Chloride Monomer *35 *product safety 7S0A South Africa 2868122 Vinyl Chloride Monomer 35 product safety 7S0A South Africa 3070001 Plastic Packaging Materials 35 product safety R&s 140093 409875 UK doctorssuggest that vinyl chioride monomer (VCM) may not be as seriou cancer hazard as formerly supposed. Plastics World February 1978 p. 42 In a recent article in the British Medical Journal, 3 doctors affiliated with the Health 4 Safety Executive (similar to the US OSHA) reviewed a preliminary report by the agency on the incidence of liver cancer in the UK which found that only 47 cases of diagnosed liver cancer reported in 1963-- 73 were confirmed. Of the 14, only 1 case, that of a worker who had probably been exposed to VCM concentrations exceeding 200 ppm in the air for more than 20 yrs, could be 'confidently associated' with VCM. The VCM exposure standard in the UK is 10 ppm averaged for an 8~hr day. In the case of the population living near PVC-using plants, liver cancer was found only in 1manwho lived within a 1/2 mile of a PVC plant for 6 yrs; but no correlation could be found between the incidence of the disease in the general population and the location of PVC operations. The report also failed to find any cases of the disease that could' be attributed to ingesting VCM from foods contained in PVC packaging materials. The 10-yr study indicated that the incidence of liver cancer in the UK appears to be considerably less than 10 cases/yr in a population of 50 mi I. A govt spokesman said that the finidings gave grounds for hope that VCM will turn out to be less of a cancer risk than when the US findings were announced. 010729 ~ (cont. next page) ' ---- information services. ic PRINTS User:Ol8446 O5nov85 P097: PR 3/5/ALL (items 1-98) Item PAGE: 192 43 of 98 DIALOG (VERSION 21 DIALOG File 16: PROMT - 72-85!Nov, Week 1 (Copr. Predicasts Inc. 19851 *4UK '-United Kingdom *2868122 -'Vinyl Chloride Monomer *35 ''-'product safety 4UK United Kingdom 2868122 Vinyl Chloride Monomer 35 product safety 406829 A rapid, precise, and specific method for analysis of vinyl chloride (VCI at the sub-ppb level in water samples is described by Toshihiro Fujii, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. Analytical Chemistry November 1977 P- 1985-- S7 The method involves the use of mass fragmentography of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry by simultaneously recording m/e 62 and 64 after direct aqueous injection of a large sample (1,000 micron-L) on the precolumn (diglycerol as a liquid phase) with no concentration or extraction required. Several tap waters in Tokyo areas were tested, and VC was not found to be present. Vinyl chloride (VC) has been identified as a carcinogen that is likely to be related to human cancer. Recently, VC at the 0.1-ppb level was discovered in the drinking water of US cities. *9JPN *Japan *3832631 *Gas Chromatographs *32 *new process 402992 WUIITAS Inc' nationwide electronic mail service, Phone-A-Copy, utilizes facsimile and is available to the public. Telephony January 2, 1978 p. 16 Customers using the service can send or receive any documents, at any time of the day or night, seven days a week. A Phone-A-Copy communications center can transmit or receive documents to and from any other Phone-A-Copy center, another commercial or public facsimile center, or a corporate location having its own facsimile equipment. At firs 971-December 1973 have sparked an intensive investigation by the company. The employees had worked in the Louisville, Ky, plant's vinyl chloride/polyvinyl chloride operations and all died of liver cancer tentatively diagnosed as angiosarcoma. The nationwide incidence of death from this cause last year occurred at a rate of only 21 per year. * 1 USA -'United States *4811900 *Misc Telephone Svcs *36 *new services; *WUI/TAS R&s 140094 383298 New Jersey, with the highest cancer rate in the US, may ban 16 industria] cancer-causing agents from the state. Environmental Science & Technology March 1977 p. 223 Among the chemicals that would be subjected to zero emissions standards are vinyl chloride and asbestos. In Nov 1976, the state's voters approved the 'New Jersey Clean Waters Bond Act of 1976.' The act authorizes the sale of $120 mil in bonds to be used for the planning, construction and maintenance of water pollution control and water supply facilities. 010730 (cont. next page) <^DIflU0G information services. INC