Document yrQoNoz9029wJYGYm4XOr0Na2

Report of Investigations for Larch, 1944 M. VAN LOO #97 - 57? 471 Die- shortage of magnesium silicate has stimulated considerable interest in replacement extenders. Reference was made to our inert study of August, 1943 previously described in these reports. The formula of most interest was the oil conservation formula of SWP Gloss White of 1-22-43, which showed the following viscosity comparisons, as taken on the Ho. 5 orifice on the S-W cup: Viscosity Viscosity Extender Used Aufc. 1943 Mar. 1944 20 L . 2183 8 2077 213 306 536 2500 2247 1817 3 1779 + 20 L Magnesium silicate 29" Micro Velva A Too puffy China Clay 44" Celite 281 Blanc Fixe " 'Too- puffy n it Barytes 15.2" Water Ground Georgia Marble 18.6" Suspenso 101 (Precipitated CaCo3) 19.1" Atomite' 20.1" Surfex 17.1" Silica 19.2" Mica + magnesium silicate 45.6" 50% 566 - 50% 20 L 21.4 50% 1317 - 50% 20 L 22" 27.4" 61" 37" Too puffy It u 13" 16" 24" 20" 21" 19" 33.2* 17.2" 20" Further suggestions were made to conserve magnesium silicate, start ing with half nagnesium silicate and half silica. Other inerts considered included Carbola Talc and Ketrdnite. Further batches were ground, using the SWP Gloss White formula of 1-22-43, replacing the extenders on the basis of volume. Results were as follows: . Viscosity #3 Orifice Formula Extender T. Wt. A. Wt. Fresh 4 Weeks BC 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 20 L Magnesium Silicate 15.50# 566 Water Ground Georgie Marblcl5.54 20 H.O. Mg. Sil. High Oil Abs. 15,50 2188 Micro Velva A 15.29 2201 Metronite BXXXX 15.52 2203 Carbola Talc 15.28 50% (Vol.) 566, 50% 20 L 15.43 50% 566, 50% 20 H.O. 15,43 50% 566,\ 50% 2188 15.42 66-2/3% 2203, 33-1/3% 2201 15.45 15.48# 15.30 15.45 15.20 15.45 15.34 15.45 15.40 15.44 15.51 24.2" 18.6" Too hvy 52.2" 20.0" 45.0" 24.2" 29.0" 39.0n 28.0" 25.4" 17.0" 51n+i/8 cup 52"+l/4 cup 16.2" 37" 25" 24,6" 34" 24" -c-- M. VAN LOO K ___Cont. si >7 |37 - Cont. K' Ihe information from this set has been of assistance in suggesting substitutions for magnesium silicate in exterior formulas. Subsequently, the above list was increased, and batches prepared for exposure in both the preH- conservation and oil conservation STP formulas, white, Colonial. Yellow, and Slate. Details will be given in the April report. l i A sample of Pyrophyllite (standard 325 mesh) was received from Geo, * Vi. B, Cary and Son, and compared with Pyrax 3 and 20 L, for texture and grinding qualities. The special Pyrophyllite and Pyrax B were hard in texture and could not be used on a roller mill, because their abrasiveness produced a r5 i gray color. The viscosities in the oil conservation SVtP ca.qf..,i^te.,-f0rBajla of 1-22-43 were: OJ 478 H Using 20 L 30 sec. on #3 orifice' CJ 479 H Special Pyrophyllite 34 11 OJ 480 H Pyrax 3 36 " Because of texture and abrasiveness the two special inerts would not be suitable for use in house paint formulations. Panels 8067-70 ware prepared for exposure at Chicago only, using Pyrax HP, the coarser parallel of Pyrax B, substituted for 20 L in SViP and Family Paint. Panels 8058-60 were prepared for exposure at Chicago End Miami com paring STP Gloss TThite v.ith Cook's O.W. House Paint 583-W-ll and Superwhite O.W. 385-W-77. A publicity story was prepared for distribution to the S-W sales department on the performance of oil conservation SVZP compared ?ath the pre conservation formulas. Several photoglyphs were included to illustrate cer tain points. Evidence was presented to show that film thicknesses were sub stantially equal, and that by the use of bodied oils in the conservation formula, flow was improved, drying improved, dirt retention reduced, and adequate durability maintained. A series of experimental paints were prepared for exposure to study the proper type and amount of bodied oils in house paints. (48) was selected for STS' because it could be used up to 4C$ in the vehicle solids and permit close to the maximum conservation of oil under O.P.A. regulation, without serious impairment of brushing qualities. This series was prepared to formu late using oils having various degrees of polymerization, using the trans parent litho oils in vthe 300 series and the regular litho oils in the 500 series. The 500 series paints were shaded to Colonial Yellow. Die formula used was STiP Gloss T.hite of 10-4-43 so that the tinted paints will show excessive fading, but performance will be comparative. 0007-SWP-000018761 --3-- M. VAH LOO Cont. ^164 - Reformulation Studies of House Paints to Reduce Dirt Collection Previous exposures on maleic treated soya oils V-11067 and V-11039 have shorn good durability Then used in house paints. Based on this work, the Varnish Research Division prepared a series of maleic end funaric treated oils, which we have incorporated into the SWP Gloss White formula of 10-4-43, the STnP Colonial Yellow formula of 1-17-44, and the so-called Post-War SWP formula. The oils used included: ARV 3404 - V 11065 standard. 3.2$ maleic soya. Body 46" ARV 5340 - V 11069 standard. 3.2$ maleic soya. Body- X-J ARV 3331 - V 11065 Monoglyceride. 3.2$ maleic soya. Body 44n ARV 3332 - V 11069 Monoglyceride. 3.2$ maleic soya. Body H ARV 3365 - 6$ Maleic soya, nonoglyceride. Body 61" ARV 3366 - 6$ Fumaric soya, monoglyceride. Body 54" ARV 3397 #2-6$ Maleic linseed, nonoglyceride. Body 62M ARV 3403 #2 - 6$ Funaric linseed, monoglyceride. Body 64" Rellin,- Kellsoy, and (2327) were added to the above series of oils. Panels will be exposed south and north vertical at Chicago and south vertical in Coffeyville. Panels 8013-50 were prepared for exposure at Chicago and Coffey ville to determine the durability and chalking characteristics of R-200, R-510, and R-610 titanium oxides and the extended rutile titanium calcium pigments in SWP. This is a duplication of panels 7106-23, and is the second in a series of four successive paintings of the same paints'* to compare sea sonal effects and to permit direct comparisons of exposures at various stages of film breakdown. #77 - Mildew Inhibitors SWP Mildew Resistant Treated Gloss .White - Rex 63057 has been revised to use half 1403 dry and half 2030 T as an emergency alternate, because of the shortage of 1403 dry. The new formula, OJ 373'H, is being made at the Chicago plant, but has not been distributed as a regular revision. Panels 6182-5 F, FI testing Dowicide 6 in Rex 471 SWP Gloss White and Rex 63057 Mildew Resistant Treated Gloss White, and the respective pricers, Rex 450 and Rex 63056, were excanined after 24 months1 2F3lo4rida, exposure. The exposures, which Are on both cedar and yellow pine siding, compare the follow ing systems: (1) Rexes 450 and 471, laboratory batches, late 1941 formulas. (2) Same with 3$ Dowicide 6 (tetrachlorphenol) added. (3) Rexes 450 and 471, regular stock, 1941 production. (4) Rexes 63056 and 63057, regular stock. 0007-SWP-000018762 -4- U. VAN LOO Cont. #77 - Cont. The regular guides, laboratory and production samples, untreated, look better at this point than the special paints carrying tetrachlorphenol, because of less dirt collection, nildew, end water staining. The Dowicide treated sections to the eye appear to hold fully as much nildew as the regu lar paints, although it is difficult to distinguish between dirt and nildew. The Dowicide seens to cause a peculiar surface wrinkling, vhich was also noted at S nonths' exposure. Under the microscope, the. surface appears pitted, with an effect similar to erosion. There is also a greater tendency toward checking and cracking due to Doraciae 6. Because of previous indications of weakness, due to the chlorinated phenols, exposures including other fungi cidal agents are now out. Routine examination data on the Chicago exposures up to 21 nonths shows no film failures, or behavior unfavorable to Dowicide .6, ... except slightly retarded chalking. We have had an inquiry from the Curtis Companies, Inc., Clinton, Iowa, for a decay fungus resistant pigmented primer for shop priming assembled window sash and frame and door frames in post-war production. At present a fungicidal treated clear moisture proofing sealer is being used. It was agreed that the Curtis laboratory would check fungus end moisture resistance by standard NEKA tests of samples of clears supplied by the Varnish Department, and treated pigmented sealers from this laboratory. We are basing our formulations on CH 5285, using chlorinated phenols such as tetrachloiy pentachlory and 2-chlor orthophenylphenol, as well as phenyl mercury oleate. The p.v.c. vias reduced to 58.6J6, with zinc oxide content at 10J6, and hiding power of 12,766 units. The primers have shown a tendency to body up on aging, perhaps due to some incompatibility between the Bilinco 101 and the fungicide. Stronger solvents such as Solvesso No. 1 end xylol are being tested, to control vis cosities. Much of this primer will be applied by dipping, using a conveyor system, and the necessity for very fast drying makes stability a real problem. #112 - Fire Retardant Paints V \ du Pont is promoting the use of Chromated Zinc Chloride for the impregnation of lumber to impart fungus, termite, and fire resistance. Arrangements have bean made with the Koppers Company, Wood Preserving Divi sion, of Orrville, Ohio, to impregnate a group of cedar siding panels thich will then be corpared with similar untreated panels as to paint holding pro perties, and nail rusting, #165 - One Coat House Paint ' Panels 6050-7 were prepared to supplement our previous scries at Chicago on one coat house paints, panels 7544-51 CS and CN, using the pigment ation agreed upon with Hr. Fasig, and using Lowe Brothers.1 vehicles 7-791 and V-35. The p.v.c*1? were 35j, 29, and 22/6. This set is for exposure at Miami only. 0007-SWP-000018763 -5- H. VAN LOO Cont. #165 - Cont There has been no further progress in arranging for house painting tests on the one coat house paints in Florida. We hope to get sone house rests in Chicago suburbs this spring and sumner. Both white .and tint base are available. #86 - Durability of Pignents with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead* 1 2 Panels 8061-66 were prepared for exposure at Chicago and Florida to compare Oakland's S-W Liquid Ozlo and SWP Gloss White. The Liquid Ozlo formula is interesting because of its good hiding and low Ti02 content at low raw naterial:: cost. A?special fornula was also included in which an improved vehicle combination similar to SWP was used. #12 - Exterior Primers Study of the absorption of oil by wood from various vehicles has continued or. a much more satisfactory basis then was true previously. It is felt that we now have an accurate and efficient nethod of determining the absorption for the usual house paint formulations. The difficulties presented and the steps involved in their solution were presented at sone length in the last nonthly report. The final procedure involves the steps: (1) brushing of the paint, on selected siding panels at a giver, spreading rate, (2) air-drying at 4 hours, (3) scraping off the seni-dry paint as the sample to be tested, (4) extraction by percolating with a ber.soi-.ether solvent, (5) centrifuging and decantation (twice, using the percolatiefn bottle directly in the centrifuge), and (6) final washing, drying and weighing. The "loss" fron the bottle is used to check the basic results, i.e., weight of oil found. A correction is uade for the retention of volatile by the seni-dry filn, and uniformity of handling seens to eliminate all the other sources of error quite effectively. The following brief sunnary of results, as regards paints previously examined will be supplemented by a more complete study as soon as tine per mits: 1. Sk P Undercoater Rex 450, as of late 1945, fresh laboratory batch, gave uniform results with the perfected nethod, entirely logical, as compared to a large nunber of earlier results, which were rejected due to known errors. 3$ by weight of the original vehicle solids seens to be the true amount absorbed by wood, with a probable error of less than 2. 2. The old Rex 450 of 1938, run nany tines in an attempt to check the results obtained by F. 1.1. Nelson, gave sone fairly uniform results at a slightly higher oil absorption value than new Rex 450, but much less than reported by Nelson. However, difficulty in making fresh batches of cor rect viscosity halted the stuefcr of this material before it was possible to obtain such reliable data as described in (l). 0007-SWP-000018764 -6- #12 - Cont. U. VAN LOO Cont. 5. Titanium Pigment Corporation's EX 4140 ("neutralized oil" paint) was repeated several times, including fresh batches, end it was concluded that nothing valid could be determined for this paint by means of the present procedure. Turbidity of the oil solution cannot be removed by centrifuging or filtering. The most conclusive work with the latest technique was a special study of the absorption of oil from Rex 471 Gloss TJhite, regular oil type as of 4-3-42 versus the Oil Conservation Type as of 1-22-43, These paints were tested both over bare wood and over Rex 450 at normal drying time. Filter paper tests had shown the newer type to have much less penetration than the old. Several runs each were made of both old and freshly made laboratory batches, with excellent correlation. The following table shows essential results: Paint % Oil; % Oil Theo- Found retical P.V.C. % Found of of % Ab- Fresh Total sorbed Paint P.V.C. C)f Film Thickness of Film (A. Typical Run, #40) Old Rex 471, bare wood Duplicate 16.83 n 32.55g ?! 52.7355 ii 47.23* n 50.04$ ti 44.60$ 0.00208" it n Rex 471, cons, type Duplicate 15.55 26.67 15.50 ii 58.25 41.75 36.85 58.10 41.90 ii 50.00 0.002025 50.02 0.002023 {B. Average values of best runsj calculations approximate. to allow for maximum and minimum data found). Old, bars wood 16,60 32.55 " , over Rx 450 31.5 ii ' >-, \ 51.9 -48.0\ 96.2 3.9 30.04 n 45.0 30.8 0.00210 0.00322 New, bare wood 15.5 " , over Rx 450 23.1 23.67 n 58.25 41.75 36.85 98.0 2.0 ti 50.0 37,3 0.002025 0.00272 The major-..portion of these results were included in the special report on regular versus Oil Conservation SEP mentioned under #97. It is felt that the results show conclusively that Oil Conservation Rex 471, partly because of the lower oil absorption demonstrated, presents a film which is not "poor in oil," despite the high-volatile, low-oil-solids content of the paint. It seems quite clear that a low penetration tendency on filter pape:.-, such as was indicated by the bodied oil-raw linseed blend in this particular case, indicates a similar low absorption tendency Then applied to y/ood. 0007-SWP-Q00018765 -7- M. VAN LOO Cont. #177 - Pigment Studies Opacity Studies In the February report of investigations a program was outlined for the evaluation of white pigments as regards opacity and brightness. T7ork on this investigation has now progressed to the point that we have completed a preliminary exploration in the first and second type formula tions, i.e., the exterior oil type house paints and the interior "varnish type" flat wall paint formulations. /Ithough results thus far are only exploratory, we feel very'' much encouraged by the fact that the correlation between the test series is good. As would be expected, the flat wall formulations develop approximately 10 15% greater opacity per pound of hiding pigment than do the same pigments in the oil type formulation. The results of these tests vail be reported in detail as soon as they have been verified by repeat tests. 2255 M The examination has been completed of Gloucester Ti02 - 2253 M dry . in the Rex 450 Undercoater formula and in a special formula based on Rex 450 except that the titanium is the only opacity pigment. There were five lots of 2233 M available in the plant at the time these tests were started. Each of these lots were made into the standard Rex 450 by displacing the Ti02 normally used as 22CS dry. The results of this comparison are reported under Series I below. The variation between various lots of 2233 II is illustrated in the hiding figures. However, it is notable that uniform color has been accomplished by reviewing the brightness values. These are measured over the white portion of the Korest hiding charts used. Series I - Rex 450 Undercoater Pigmentation as of S-24-43. - Card 18 80 pounds 1552 dry o n 547 200 ii 20 L 120 Titanium Oxide 144 n 413 386 n IS Celite Aluminum Stearate Magnesium Silicate Leaded Zinc fjhito Lead Carbonate 0007-SWP-000018766 Paint Ho. R3 382 383 384 385 386 337 TiOo Pigment Brightness 2269 Dry Titanox RA 10 HO 223.5 a Lot G 573 X ii G 579 T ii 11 G 372 W ii " G 379 S it G 379 U 84,3% 81.9 81.4 81.3 81.4 81.3 Hiding as So. Ft./Gal. 91% C.R. 95% C.R. G78 100* 584 100* 492 7 2.6 380 65 464 68.4 360 61.6 532 78.5 448 76.7 544 80.2 450 78.7 sno .i a o a <70 C -8- M. VAN LOO Cont. #177 - Coat. *katkenatical ratio between hiding of 2269 dry paint ftB 582 as standard equal to value of 100 and the test paint containing 2253 M equal to X* Series I end II paints were started at the sane tine,.- One 2253 M lot was selected at randan for the evaluation as a single pigment against 2269 dry. Unfortunately the lot selected, G 379 T, ms the lowest in hiding of all those tested but there was no way of knowing this when starting the test. Series II reported below evaluates 2269 directly against G 579 T, The results are self-explanatory. Series II Single hiding pignent test paint. P.V.C. - Hex 450, card 18. Ratio - Ti02/extender z ratio in standard Rex 450, card IS. pignentation 80 pounds 1552 dry- Celite 5 " 547 Aluminum Stearate 365 " 20 L Magnesium Silicate 219 " Titaniun Oxide Hiding Comparison Paint No. RB 388 RB 389 TLO., Pignent 2259 Titanox RA 10 MO 2253 k Lot 579 T Brightness 87.6$ 82.7$ Hiding as Sq. Ft./Lb. TiO, 91$ C.fi. 95$ C.R. 326 100* 278 100* 189 58 162 58. In stannary, Gloucester Ti02, lot G 578 T is deficient in hiding as compared with 2269 dry by 42$ and is lower in brightness by a 4.9$ differ ential. S \v 414 Dry - Leaded Zinc Coffeyville has been in production on the new 414 dry leaded sine since about the middle of March, Samples of this material have been sub mitted daily for our test. To date it nay be reported that the product is a narked improvement\over the old 414 dry from the standpoint of color. Numerous batches of paint have been nade .rich show that from the standpoint of color the material is readily usable for whites as well as for tints. This is true for ell 414 lots up to lot #904 except the first lot #774 and lots 924, 954, end 344, Thick were deficient in whiteness. 0007-SWP-000018767 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. #177 - Cont. The prevailing fault -thick. has been associated with the new 414 dry to date is the texture. Uhls is apparent yjhen making a rub-up as a very gritty feeling under the spatula. In the plant this texture is reflected by a 30 - 70% drop in production rate on the Premier mill and a drop of 25 - 50% in the production rate on the roller mill. Acne has reported that it did not greatly affect the production rate on the 30 inch stone mill. Coffeyville is making every effort to improve the texture. A recent sample ground on the Stedmcn mill shows a considerable improvement in texture and wettability, and a sufficient quantity has been requested for a production run at Kensington. _ In connection with the work on 414 dry, the limits on brightness were checked to determine whether it would be possible to make 'the more dif ficult tints of ST?, such as 495 Ivory, 359 Light Blue and 383 Pea Green (lat ter two inactive but selected for purposes of test). As a minimum standard Lot 185 of the previous production run of 414 7/ was selected. Using the speci fied shading bases, the color matches against the standards were considered satisfactory. Since tile current production of 414 is much better in color than Lot 185, there should be no difficulty in this respect. A set of experimental paints were prepared for exposure of labora tory processed leaded sine 414 from the same source as the current Coffeyville production. This amplifies the series mentioned in the January report. #105 - Metal Protective Paints Panels 7993-8001 were prepared for exposure at the Chicago Exposure farm of the rust inhibitive coating materials received from the Kendall Refin ing Company, described in the last report. They were compared with T-607 from the Coal Tar plant. Panels were also prepared for salt fog testing and for the humidity cabinet. \ A synthetic Wool Grease emulsion whs prepared for exposure on panels 8071-2 to supplement the 1943 series of natural wool grease emulsion series. The formula submitted by the Coal Tar laboratory was: Synthetic Wool Grease 22.5$ . Rosin 9.056 Paralite 9.0* (a coal tar bituminous material from Standard Oil) rtethr 54.156 Ammonia (28*) . *5.4% 100 0 The panels were sxposed as one coat work on a steel panel against one coat of Ken Rromik, at Chicago only. 0007-SWP-000018768 -lo ll. VAN LOO Cont. ,?1Q5 - Cont. Approximately a year ago, Monsanto supplied us with two samples of ferric orthophosphate, one ground and air separated to scalp out oversize particles, and was approximately 93% ninus 525 mesh, the other the dust frac tion from Ho. 1 . The samples were substituted pound for pound for the zinc dust in G and G Industrial Primer. Hie ferric orthophosphate retarded the drying badly, but exposures were prepared one coat on .8" x 24" hot rolled steel and on galvanised steel panels, and ejqposed at Chicago, 45 south, to see if they had any merit. G and G Industrial' Pricer was used as the control. After one year's exposure -the galvanised panels are still in good condition except for dirt. On hot rolled.steel the zinc dust-sine oxide G and G Primer is still ir. good condition, with no rust except around the X-mark, There rust creep is only medium. However, both ferric orthophosphate paints on steel show very bad rusting, end bad rust creep, so that this pigment shows little promise as a rust iniiibitive pigment. luring the month, further work on the formulation of e:pcrinental Chemically lesistanc Me sal Protective Finishes v;r.s carried out. As stated in a previous report, a series of exposure testa under various severe conditions is being planned, ana experimental finishes utilising chlorinated rubber, methacrylate polymers, and Vinylite resins are to be included. In preparing the Vinylite finishes wc have encountered some difficulty with VlaCH, Vinylite. Hus is a modified co-polymer and is supposed to give better adhesion on air drying than the regular VYHH grade. It appears -o be ruck more difficult to get satisfactory dispersions of 7i0<? in this lesin -md package stability has not yet been obtained. In last month's report, details were given with respect to precoat systems used under the metal protective primer film with the hope of improv ing adhesion and blistering properties. Accelerated tests have now been completed on the series with respect to blistering in salt and distilled water as well as salt spray tests to check on rust creep and general film properties. In the evaluations listed below, ratings are made in terms of arbitrary values ofxfroa 1 - 10, 10 being perfect. 9 indicating slight, 6 considerable and 5 as`bad condition of rust and/or blistering. Listed below is a summary of 'results obtained on distilled water immersion, 3^ salt water immersion and 5% salt spray. V 0007-SWP-000018769 -11- iPlQo - Cont. M. VAN LOO Cont Blistering Inversion Distilloil H?0 Rex 13174 373 Krs. Class XXII Red Lead Maritime Primer 375 Hrs. 52-P-18 Bureau of Ships Zinc Chromate Primer 375 Hrs. 250 Hrs. 52-MC-29 Maritime Com mission Zinc Chromate Primer 250 Hrs. 375 Hrs, 1. Stearic Acid 9 9.5 9.5 10 65 2. Oleic " 9 9.5 9. 3; f 5 3. (2120) Linseed Fatty Acids O 9.5 9 9 Vu 4. Diarner A G 9.5 3 3 6O 5. (48) Bodied Linseed Z2 - Z3 10 9.5 9.5 9.5 3 3 3. (524) Bodied Linseed 13' 10 9.5 9 9 63 7. Bilinco 101 10 9.5 6 6 53 3. (2325) Dehydrol 10 9.5 9 9 33 9. (3128) Soya Alkyd 9.5 9 10 10 6 3 10. (3123)j (43) 11. (5950)H Phenolic 10 9.5 9 9 s. 9 \S 63 63 12. (5953) H; (43) 10 9 5 6 63 13. (2) Raw Lin seed 4 9 9 9 3 3 14. (3080) E 1 Vam. "\\. 9 9 3 3 53 15. Control 10 9.5 9.5 9.5 5 3 0007-SWP-000018770 -12- 1105 - Cont. Immersion 5; Salt 7'ater Rex 16174 Kromil: Hours 64 130 1. Stearic Acid 3 1 2. Oleic Acid 9s 3. (2120) Linseed Fatty Acids 03 4. Diamer A 9o 5. (43) Bodied Linseed Z2 - Z3 9.5 3 5. (324) Eodied Lin seed - 13' 9.5 5 7. Bilinco 101 9.5 6 8. (2325) Dehydrol 10 o 9. (3128) Soya Alkyd 9.5 3 10. (3128); (48) 9.5 3 n. (3950)11 Phenolic 9.5 6 12. (3950) H; (48) 9.5 6 13. ( 2) Haw Lin seed 9.5 orr 14. ( 3880) E Vam. * 9.5 6 15. Control 10 9 M. VAN LOO Cont. Blistering Class XXII Red Lead Maritime P rimer Hours 64 130 52-P.-18 Bureau of Ships Zinc Chromate Primer 64 Hrs. 130 Hrs. 52-MC-29 Maritime Com mission Zinc Chromate Primer 64 Hrs. ?.30 Hrs O 3 6 3 10 6 6 3 6 3 10 S S 59 4 96 9.5 6 9 6 10 9 937 3 93 S G9 336 9 G D>* 5 3 3 9.5 S 95 9.5 S 3 66 9 S6 V\ 3 3 q\ 9 67 3 3 3 3 9.5 9 9.5 9 9.5 9 9.5 9 965 9o5 5 3 v'Q 3 3 3 96 9.5 6 96 0007-SWP-0Q0018771 Blistering - Rust Creep - Rust 710 Hours Salt Spray Rax 16174 Kronik Class XXII Red Lead Maritime Primer 52-P-18 Bureau of Ships Zinc Chromate , Primer 1. Stearic Acid 8 4 8 2. Oleic Acid 9.5 6 9 3. (2120) Linseed Fatty Acids 4. Diamer A 3 4 3 2 4 4 5. (40) Bodied Linseed Z2 - Z3 9 6 9 6. (524) Bodied Lin seed - 13' 7. Bilinco 101 9 7 6 or 9 6 8. (2525) Dehydrol 3 7 8 9. (3128) Soya Alkyd 7 4 7 10. (3128); (48) 7 5 8 11. (3950)H Phenolic 12. (3950)H; (48) 13. (2) Raw Lin seed 14. (5Q80)E Vara. 7 7 5 8 o8 \6 -> 8 78 * 77 15. Control \\ 8 5 7 52--MC--29 Maritime Com mission Zinc Chromate Primer 9 9 4 7 8 8 9 7 7 3 9 9 8 9 9 0007-SWP-000018772 -14- M. VAN LOO ___Cont. ^103 - Cont. Before discussing the above results a few remarks should be made with respect to the effect of the precoat on the adhesion of the primer. Stearic acid in general greatly reduced the adhesion of the primers to the panels. Very poor adhesion due to stearic acid resulted with Rex 16174, poor adhesion with Red Lead and 52-P-13, with the least effect on 52-MC-29. In general the rest of the precoat materials showed only very slight effect on the adhesion of the primer film as far as could be determined by finger nail tests. Examination of the test results indicate wide differences in the behavior cf the undercoat materials depending on the nature of the primer , -used. He; ce, if these materials Were to be used, it probably would necessi tate actual exposure results on the system before a recommendation could'be made. In distilled water immersion tests no improvement in any case with respect to blistering was noted with Rex 16174. The following vehicles did not increase the blistering tendencies of film - viz., (48), (324), Bilinco 101, (2325), (312^-(48) and (3950)H-(48). However, (2) produced rather bad blistering with Rex 16174. i No pronounced effect was noted with any of the precoat materials on blistering of 52-MC-22 red lead primer in distilled water. A precoat of (3128) under 52-?-18 slightly improved the blistering resistance o*f this primer in distilled water. On the other hand, (3880)E and dimerized acids produced bad blistering of the primer. Tilth the 52-MC-29 primer, the improvement resulting from the use of a precoat is conjecturia with respect to blistering in distilled water. However, several of materials definitely reduced resistance to blistering. In salt water immersion tests with Rex 16174, only (2325) gave results comparable with the control. Stearic ahid produced very bad blister ing in 24 hours with this primer, while (2120) wafe also bad in this respect. In general throughout the series stearic acid was much inferior to oleic acid as a precoating material. This is probably due to loss of adhesion of the primer, and also is probably related to the microcrystallization of the stearic acid on the test panels. On the other hand, oleic and linseed oil fatty acids were bad from the angle of very strong crawling tendencies on the panels. There was Considerable improvement in the performance of the red lead primer with respect to salt water blistering resistance by the use of a number of the test materials. The best probably was the dimerized fatty acids, whose main effect was probably one of increasing adhesion. Only two materials did not increase blistering resistance, viz., Bilinco 101 and (5S50)H. Curi ously enough, stearic acid which reduced the adhesion of this primer to a large 0007-SWP-G00018773 -15- M. VAN LOO Cont. #105 - Cont. extent showed up better than a number of other materials which, did not affect the adhesion of the primer. In the 52-P-18 primer panels, only the dimerized fatty acids pro duced much of an improvement in resistance to salt water blistering. Several others showed some improvement, while in no case was there increased blister ing tendencies of the 52-P-18 material in salt water because of usage of a precoat. In the 52-MC-29 series improvement in blistering properties of the primer in salt water was noted especially with (5128), (3128) and (48) , (5950) H, (3950)H and (43) and Diamer A. The bodied oils as (48) and Bilinco 101 increased blistering properties of the primer. In salt spray tests the indices reported are an average of rusting, blistering and rust creep. On this basis, test results indicate that no large improvement in performance can be realized in the case of Rex 16174 by the usage of a precoat. The improvement realized by the use of oleic acid was entirely along the lines of rust creep from a scratch on the surface. Linseed fatty acids (2120) was characterized by bad rust creep in all cases in this series, which is difficult to reconcile with the mono-molecular theory of mdtal protection. It may well be that the (2120) contains corrosion inciting ions from the hydrolytic agent used to split the triglycerides of linseed oil. Dimerized fatty acids also gave bad rust creep. Rith respect to the red lead primer, a rather large improvement could be accomplished by using the bodied oils as (48), (2325), etc. and (2) and (3880)E. It was noted again that bad rust creep resulted by the use of Diamer A and (2120) Die 52-P-18 material was slightly improved in performance in the salt spray test, by using oleic acid, the bodied oils as well as several of the other materials. Again (2120) and dimerized fatty acids produced bad rusting away from the scratch marked face-,of t^ta panel. No improvement was effected by the use of precoat materials with primer 52-MC-29 with regards to its ability to resist salt pray. However, several materials definitely increased salt pray break-down of the primer film, vis., (2120), Diamer A, and others. Summarizing these accelerated tests we believe that as far as the tests are indicative of that is obtainable on exterior exposure, improve ments in the performance of the primer are in most eases slight or non existent. The particular precoat to use in any case for an improvement in performance being entirely a matter of the type of primer used. As far as the experimental data are concerned, Rex 16174 seems to be improved in only one repeefc ty a precoat and that by reduction of rust creep by use of oleic acid. Class XXII red lead primer can be improved by the use of several of the bodied oils, v/ith repect to salt pray ard blistering resistance. 0007-SWP-000018774 -16- M. VAN LOO Cont. #lQo -- Cont. The 52-P-18 specification nay be improved somewhat in performance with respect to blistering and salt spray resistance, whereas it is very much of a question whether any improvement can be realized by using a precoat under the 52-MC-29 material. Exterior exposures of the precoat materials without a top coat showed that after one week at the exposure farm, the panels coated with stearic acid, oleic acid and (2120) had rusted very badly, while the rest of the panels showed slight rust. Examination was made during the month of two series of panels put out by Van Nordstrand of zinc chromate in two series of vehicles. Series I consisted of the following single pigments: 1. 12054 Zinc Chromate in (2) Raw Linseed Oil P.V.C. at 28.855 2. " " " (48) Bodied Linseed Oil "" ii 5. n 11 J2ai5 " (2325) Dehydrol " rv * 4. Kentucky Color/Zinc Chromate in (2) Raw Linseed Oil" " ii 5. Reichhold #14& " " " (2) " " n i 6. Zinc Tetroxychromate in (2) Raw Linseed Oil " " 25.$ 7. Kromik #74 of 8-15-39 8. Red Lead in (2) Raw Linseed Oil 9. " " " (48) Bodied Linseed Oil 10. " " (2525) Dehydrol The top coat used was Lie talas tic Black (exposure 2 years). The exterior exposure results indicate no apparent differences between the zinc chromates 12054, R. C. #2815, Reichhold #1420 and Zinc Tetroxychromate, except that Kentucky Color's #2813 showed definitely less rust creep in. raw linseed oil than the other chromates. The films of all were in good condition. (48) and (2325) definitely control the rust creep with 12054 dry. Kromik #74 was disappointing, showing bad film break-down and rusting, as well as just creep. This is probably related to the (44) alkali refined linseed oil used in this particular formula. Red lead in (2) showed bad -rust and film break-down, whereas red lead in (48) and (2325) showed slight rust and only moderate film break-down due to carbonation. Series II consisted of a series of Rex 43813 Aircraft Zinc Chromate Primer, using the above zinc chromates versus Kromik #74 of 8-15-39. After exposure for two yea^s and three months on hot and cold rolled steel, the zinc chromate primer^ were all in relatively good condition, except for the Zinc Tetroxychromate primer on hot rolled steel, vhidi showed considerable rust spotting. Surprisingly, only slight rust creep was evident on both hot and cold rolled steel, which is unusual considering the (3110) alkyd vehicle. Tile Kromik #74 primer showed bai rusting and rust creep on both hot and cold rolled steed. 0007-SWP-000018775 -17- M. TAN LOO Cont. *105 - Coni. The above results would indicate that Zinc Tetroxychromate does have good performance characteristics in both synthetic and oil vehicles, giving results on actual exterior exposure which exceed those obtained in accelerated tests. A series of steel rod slurry test3 were run during the month on a group of pigments. The technique has been described in paBt monthly reports. The series tested includes the following dry numbers: 45 Day Immersion -- * 18 -Basic Carbonate White Lead Heavy coating of lead on rod. . 412 - Leaded Zinc n ii n n m n 45 - CaS04 Cons, staining no apparent rust. 1817 - Surfex 20 L - Asbestine Slight " " n Cons. M n n 108 N - ZhO ZZZ-53 - ZnO _ Dnark n if. n nn 12054 - Zinc Chromate Slight , very slight rust. D 2839- n n Questionable staining; (quest, rust. 1503- Red Lead No staining, slight rust. 12093- Basic Lead Chromate Slight staining, cons. rust. 54 - Fe203 V. dark w , no apparent rust. 354 - Black Iron Oxide Deep staining, cons. rust. 315 - Blue Lead No staining, bad rust etching. The results are difficult to interpret because of the questionable nature of the staining phenomena, which may or may not be related to corro sion incitation, Yhich immediately poses the question of its practical value. However, on the basis of freedom of staining and rust, the results at least indicate that Surfex, 12054 Zinc Chromate, D 2689 Zinc Chromate and 1505 dry Red Lead, are the pigments which show the greatest effect in reduction of rusting. \:?162 - Studies in Flat Wall Faint Formulation Flat Wall Paints Because of the limited availability of magnesium silicate, the Alternate A formulas of Flat-Tone White and tints, and Paintercraft Flat #10 to use 2203 dry Carbola Talc have been sent to Cleveland for distribution. \ A number of tests were conducted during the month to evaluate deodorized thinners- submitted by the Commerce Petroleum Company, Oil Research, and Resin Research. The entire volatile in the Alternate A formula for FlatTone White was replaced by each thinner in turn. The paints were applied on Upson board end the odor tests conducted in an enclosed space built up of the Upson panels. .* 0007-SWP-000018776 *: -19- M. VAN LOO Cont. #162 - Cont. The next group with respect to gloss was composed of Enameloida made with (2848)N, (3848} and (4850)N. Gloss retention in this group was best with (2848)N and poorest with (4850)N, but differences were slight. Ihe poorest gloss retention in the series of white enamels wa3 shown by Sears Roebuck and Pittsburgh products and Enameloid made with a wood oil-phenolic vehicle (2946) EA. In the series of Ivory Enamels, bad chalking and fading was evident on all panels except one finished with Devoe's "Honey Color (N)." This pro duct was given a general appearance rating of "fair" as compared with "poor* for others, in the series. ......... .... . 4 A number of gray enamels were included in this exposure series. The vehicles used in the enamels were single varnishes, all of which have been used at one time or another in Enameloid, - either alone or in combination with other vehicles. The gray enamels were all pigmented with rutile Ti02, non chalking, 2174 dry, and tinted with Laup Black. The P.V.C. was the same in all enamels. At the end of 10 weeks the alkyds (5111) and (4100) showed good gloss and color retention and were rated best of the series. (2843)GS and (3850)N showed considerable fading and chalking and presented a poor general appearance. (15S7) showed considerable checking. Ihe following chart gives detailed readings for the gray series* Exposure test for 10 weeks in Florida at 45 south,. Gray enamels pigmented with non-chalking rutile TiOg, 2174, and Laup Black (same P.V.C. in all enamels). Varnish used in Panel1 Enamel Fade 7430 74-31 7482 7483 7484 7435 7486 7437 7488 7489 7490 7491 7492 7493 (4100) ( 2946) EA (2848)N S (2847) S ( 3843)E (4850)N ,(S) (1567) (3111) (6100) (S) (2945) EA ( 2843) G. s (3850)N c (2841)G s ( 2843) GS c Gloss (G) (G) G (G) (G) E (G) G (G) E E E (G) E Check- Mil- Jag, . dew, S. : \\ Dirt (S) (s) (S) . (S) c Chalkjg_ C (S) (S) (S) (s) (S) (S) (S) - (S) (S) c c I*' c Gen. Rain APPi Spotting * GS GS FS G (s) G (S) GS Fc Gs Gs Fs Fs Ps Fs Ps * f. * , i. *V ; V- 0007-SWP-000018777 ' , `t* -20- M. VAN LOO Cont. ,g-152 - Cont. Porch and Deck Pednt3 Panels 7602-31 F were returned for examination after 10 weeks1 exposv.re at Miami, 45 south, of various Porch and Deck'paints covering variations :.n pigmentation and vehicle. These were described in the October, 1943 report. The panels are 3" x 24" medium quality Douglas Fir panels, given two coats of each paint, applied by brush, with care taken to apply equal film thicknesses. After 10 weeks of exposure there are wide variations in appear ance but very little in durability. Pitch spots are very noticeable, but their frequency may be more a function of the wood than of the coating. Disregarding the pitch spots, in general the paints using 2140 titanium calcium pigment show poorer color but better gloss than the leaded zinc formulations. Chalking is no more than slight in any case, mostly on the leaded zinc panels, so that apparently the fading of the 2140 formulas is chemical fading rather than 11 chalk-mask.n A single test of 2174 rutile nonchallmlng R 610 Ti02 and Micro Velva A shows up better than the average in all respects. Tilth respect to the vehicles, differences in performance are still small. (1567) A, an ester gum-chin&wood Hnseed varnish is very bad in all respects, but improves with phenolic added. (3850)11 Velsicol varnish is one of the poorest in both color and gloss. The alkyds (4100), (6100), and (3111) tested only with Titanium Calcium RC, show up very well. The panels will be re-exposed. At Mr. Mills1 suggestion, a special test is being arranged to combine horizontal exposures with occasional scrubbing, and eventual recoating, particularly to determine the importance of chalking, and adhesion. sfl-32 - Study of Improved Mixing and Grinding Practices Mr. Clingan is undertaking a survey of mixing and grinding operations tc see what opportunities may exist to reduce costs of mixing and grinding operations, or to expedite production rate*. The work up to the present has involved a review of the literature on this subject, including the Production Clubs' reports, and technical information on wetting and dispersing agents, and grind aids. A selected series of such chemicals have been ordered. We -"Ml attempt to use the Brabender Plastograph in our evaluation. No vrork done during the month on: /ADO - Painting of Bricks :'*] 43 - Examination of White Lead ;L50 - Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinetions /fl?5 - Studies of Dark Colored House Paints 0007-SWP-Q00G18778