Document yrL0nwpxOg2R5rO19rX80xEbV

* VOL 3, NO. 67--FSIOAT, AMU J, W4 Pp. 12342 12344 pile 29--Ubor 50 ppm, In order to assess In n more retry standard. In a telegram to the As- . ,v/r--occupational safety ' AUH administration, d.'(] OF LABOR definitive way whether that level of ex posure produces tumors In animals. Data reported by Torkclson. Oycn and Rowe (American Industrial Hygiene Associa sisLant Secretary of Labor, received on or about March 14. 1974, Urc President of the United Rubber Workers Interna tional Union urged the establishment of 910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY tion J 22:35-1-301 (19611 ) Indicate that an emergency temporary standard- for tflO HEALTH STANDARDS exposure to VC at concentrations of 50 VC. Durtr-g the nearing of February I5i Igrtfrne.'t Temporary Standard lor ppm fulled to Induce tumors hi rats, 1674, tile Industrial Union Department,- ---Exposure to Vinyl Cliloride ' * hamsters, rabbits, and dogs. M'L-CIO. and the United Rubber Work-' Background. Vinyl chloride (chlofO/.fnc>, Chemical Abstracts Service ,-ptr>' No- Ti-OlS. Is a synthetic chcini/ji wade by oxychlorlmuiou of ethylene fit by hydroehlorinatlon of acetylene. It 'is the parent compound of a scries of llicnnoplnstic resin polymers nnd co polymers which arc widely used for con tainers, wrapping tissues, electrical in sulation. pipe, conduit and a variety of other products. Vinyl chloride has been made commercially In this country since 1939 and present production is In excess of seven billion pounds |>er year. Vinyl chloride (VC) Is a gas at am bient temperature nnd pressure nnd Is a chlorinated hydrocarbon which has mod erate liver toxicity. The present standard seLs a celling vnlue of 300 parts per million (ppm) (29 CFR 1910.93). On January 22, 1974, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration was Informed by the National Institute for. Occupational Safety nnd Health (NIOSII) that the U. I-'. Goodrich Chem ical .Company reported that deaths of several of Its employees from a rare form of liver cancer may have been occupa tionally related. As a result of this notill- eatlon, nnd after consultation with NI03H nnd n joLnt lns;>cctlon of the plant by OSHA, NIOSH. and the Ken tucky Department of Labor, n fnct-ilnd- lng hearing on possible hazards involved with the manufacture nnd use of both VC nnd i>olyvinyl cldorlde was an nounced on January 30. 1974 <39 FR 3874), nnd held on February 10. 197-1, 2. Carcinogenicity of V'C. Information produced at the hearing demonstrated that exposure of laboratory animals (mostly Spraguc-Dawley rals) to VC by Inhalation at and below the current OSHA standard of 500 ppm Induced tumors, Including angiosarcomas of the liver. Professor Cesarc Maltonl. of the Institute dl Oncolofla. Bologna, Italy, re ported on a series of experiments on the effect of exposure of rats, nice, and hamsters to VC at concentrations of 10.000; 0.000; 2.500; 500; 250; nnd 50 ppm for varying periods of time (TR 43-031- Some of the experiments have been con cluded, nnd others arc Mill ongoing. The experimental results so far reported are that tumors have been observed tu Croups of animals exposed to VC at con centrations as low ns 200 ppm. No tumors have been observed hi the group of nnlmals excised to VC at a concentrnlluu of 50 ppm. It nlso appears so far that the total number of turners, as well us the numbers of angiosarcomas of the liver, decrease os the concentralions of VC arc reduced to 250 ppm. Fui.iliv, The employees of the 11. F. Goodrich ers International Union made a Joint Chemical Company who died from an petition for an emergency temporary giosarcoma of the liver had an average standard for VC CTR 141-148). wldch exposure of approximately 19 years to was also Joined by the Oil. Chemical and vinyl chloride, nt -unknown concentra Atomic Workers International Union tions, and variable exposures to other (TR 37). At the same hearing, scvcrul volatile chemicals. tTR 93). Some em participants urged, on the other hand, a ployees of Union Carbide Company and regular rulemaking proceeding as the Goodyear Company arc also reported In most suitable for the orderly develop a post-licarins comment from NIOSH ment of relevant Information (TR I12.v dated March It, 1974, to have had ex 180'. posure to vinyl chloride nnd to have died The petitions for an emergency tem from angiosarcoma of the liver. Finally, porary standard specified In detail the autopsies of four decenscd employees re contents of the standard requested. Tn vealed that liver angiosarcoma tumors substance, the request ts to Issue a com were histologically Indistinguishable prehensive fully-developed standard from the angiosarcoma tumors observed based on the recommendations of the In Professor Maltonl's experimental ani Standards Advisory Committee on Car mals. It Is concluded therefore, that cinogens submitted to the Assistant Sec vinyl chloride Is carcinogenic for hu retary of Labor on or about August 27, mans. 1973. The recommendations arc far- We therefore conclude thnl the present ranging, and cover special categories of standard for VC should be lowered from operations, signs and Labels, medical sur n celling of 500 ppm to a ceiling of 50 veillance. reporting, etc.. Including a per ppm for the following reasons: mit system for the use of a cnrrlnoci'ii. (a) In light of the evidence referred We agree that an emergency tempo to above Including the Maltonl experi rary standard Is necessary; we cannot say ments demonstrating that VC is carcino on the basis of the information developed genic In animals nt 250 ppm. we conejuric so far Hint a comprehensive standard, thnl VC nmst be considered carcino such as the one requested. Is either neces genic in man at the same level: sary or even desirable. It has been de (b) Although Professor Maltonl did cided to promulgate a standard contain not Induce tumors In his experimental ing only those essential provisions which animals at an exposure concentration of are deemed necessary to provide protec .50 ppm, these data do not support the tion to employees from grave danger concept that occupational exposure of until a regular rulemaking proceeding In employees to concentrations of 50 ppin accordance with sections 6 (b) and (c) throughout their working lifetime would of the Act can be concluded. The rea be without detrimental health efTccts: sons for a decision to establish a celling (c) The question whether safe levels value of 50 ppm have alrcndy been of exposure to carcinogens exist for hu stated. A decision on other possible, ap mans nnd. If so, what such levels would propriate provisions Is best marie after be. Is the subject of continuing scicnililc consideration of nil relevant dnLrv and deliberation. In the cuse of VC. Ihofcs- views that Interested persons may sub srr Maltonl did not observe tumors tn mit during the proceeding soon to bo hts animals at exposure concentrations Initiated. of 50 ppm. In addition, Torkclson, Oycn, With respect to arguments In opposi and Rowe found that exposure to con tion to Issuance of an emergency tem- centrations of 50 ppm of VC failed to In - porary standard, the concern and cherts duce tumors In rats, hamsters, rabbits, of several companies participating at tho and dogs. Accordingly, there Is Insuf hearing lor the protection of their em ficient evidence at this time to conclude ployees are recognised. It may also bo Hint VC at concentrations of 50 ppm or that some employers in some plants luxvo below poses a grave danger to humans. fully complied with the Interim controls d) The emergency temporary stand- rrrntnmcnricd by NIOSH on Jnnuurv 30, aril adopted represents a substantial re 1974. Thcic Is. however, reason lo believe duction tn the permissible level of expo that employers are currently being ex sure and. In our practical Judgment, Is posed to VC at concentrations well above the lowest level that cun be compiled 50 ppm. This was asserted several times with immediately; and at the hearing, and not seriously ques <e> This standard will be In effect for tioned. Moreover, a report, dated March a period of no longer than six months, 1974. of a survey by the stall of the Oillro durlna which time the a hole question of of Standards Development, OSHA, of po-siblc safe exposure of humans lo VC several facilities manufacturing VC and will he rrrotiMdorcd more fully and In polyvinyl chloride revealed concentra the light of luoie Information. including tions for some )nb clqsxlllcaUon.s n.s high another experiment by I'rofe-sor M.d- experunenls whirl) are under way at thL; as 229 ppm. Therefore, a regulation Is tonl Is underway Involving the exposure time tTR 47. 49, 71-74). considcicd necessary to provide. Immedi of 300 animals to VC ol concentrations of 3. Petitions Jar an emergency tempo- ately, adequate protection to workers ei- GENC 014259 -L- e poie<l to VC- Also. the eight-hour. timeweighted vem:e standard suggested by Secretory of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 Fit 0754). 29 ent Pnxt 1910 Is amended (4) Employee observation ot monitor ing. Employees working In on arcs or Mitral participants at the hearing tsec, by adding thereto a new | 1910 93q to operation whose ambient air Is moni for InslMice, Tit 178). has been rejected. read as set forth below. In addition, pur tored, or their "representatives, shall be The March 1974 report of the survey re suant to section 4tb>(2) of the Act (84 given a reasonable opportunity to observe vealed that sevcrnl kinds of work or op Elat. 1592; (29 U.S.C. 653)). tho stand- tho personnel monitoring required by eration.'! are of sliort duration. Loading ord In the new 5 1910.93q Is determined this section. or unloading of a tank car may require to be more cITccUvo than tho corre (5) Recordkeeping. The results of all approximately 15 minutes. The cleaning sponding standards now In Subpart B of monitoring stud! be recorded In writing. of a reactor mar require approximately Part 1910. In Pnrts 1915, 191G, 1917, 1918, Tile records shall be retained for at least half an hour. An eight-hour, time- and 192C of title 29. Code of Federal Reg 5 years and shall be made available for .-welghtcd average standard would jiermit ulations. and In Part 50-204 of Title 41 of lll'-lil'lillon Mid copying by representa exposure to VC at concentrations of <00 the Code of Federal Regulations. There tives of the Assistant Secretary of Labor ppm for one hour. Such upward cxciir- fore. these corresponding standards aro for Occupational Safety and * Health slons. several times the 50 ppm level, can- superseded by the new standard In and the Director of the National Insti mot be permitted to occur. i 1910.93q. tute for Occupational Safety and Health !: 4, The standard.. Tho standard set out 1. In 29 CFR Part 1910. 5 1910.93 Is (NTOSH). " .below contains only the requirements amended by deleting from Table 0-1 the (6) Employee access. Each employee deemed necessary to provide protection line:.......... C Vinyl chloride * * 500 and former employee shall have access to .before the conclusion of the rulemaking * * 1300''. such records of the results of monitoring proceeding to be commenced shortly. 2. Part 1010 of Title 29 of the Code required by this section ns will Indicate J' Because cx|>osurc to VC Is hazardous, of Federal Regulations is amended by hlx own exposure to airborne concentra and because such exposure can occur In adding thereto a new 5 J910.93q to read tions of vinyl chloride. the processes of synthesizing or iiolyni- as follows: ' 47) Employee notification. Each em crizing of VC or In the handling of VC 1910.93>| Vinyl chloride. polymers or copolymers which contain ployer shall promptly notify nny em ployee who has been or Lx being exposed absorbed VC, this standard applies to all ouch processes and to the handling, re fa) Scope and application. (1) This section applies to any area or operation to vinyl chloride in concentrations In ex cess of 50 ppm. and shall In'form him of acting, 'manufacturing, processing, rc- In which Vinyl cldoridc (cliloroethcnc), the corrective action being taken. : Jeazing, repackaging, or storage of any of Chemical Abstracts Service Registry (d* Compliance. (1) Whenever any : these materials. The monitoring require- Number 75015, Is manufactured, reacted, monitoring sample reveals vinyl chloride menls serve two purposes, to trigger into handled, processed, released, repacked, at a concentration In excess of 50 ppm. operation a compliance program and to Check the effectiveness of the program. or stored. (2) This section docs not apply to the or whenever any accident, such ns-rup ture of equipment or spillage, Indicates Also, engineering controls are favored for handling, storage, or other use of vinyl the likelihood of a greater than usual "compliance, and respirators are intended chloride polymers and copolymers In Uie release of vinyl chloride Into the ambient *io provide protection until such controls form of fabricated products, air. all employees cxjiosed to such con can be installed or in cases where such (b) Permissible exposure. The occupa centrations shall bo withdrawn to a cafe pontrols are not feasible. tional environment shall be controlled so area and shall not be permitted to re Accordingly, by reason of the foregoing that no employee Is exposed to vinyl enter the work area unless they wear Mid on the basis of the record of the hearing of February 15, 1074, witli ex hibits, the written submissions received beforo the hearing pursuant to the notice of the hearing, the post-hearing written submissions by the participants at the chloride at a concentration in excess of 50 parts net. million (npm) (127.0 mg7cum>. lc) Monitoring--(1) Initial monitor ing. As soon as possible but not later than April 22, 1974, every employer of an em cither Type C continuous flow or pres sure demand air supplied respirators or self-contained breathing apparatus. (2) Work which may reasonably be expected to release vinyl cliloride In con centrations In excess of 50 ppm. such ax hearing, the March 1974 report of a fact ployee working In an area or operation in repair, maintenance or cleaning of re finding survey recommendations received which vinyl chloride Is manufactured, re actors or other equipment rontalnlnc from NID31I. and the other data leferred to herein. It Is found (1) that VC at con acted. handled, processed, released, re packed, or stored shall begin monitoring vinyl chloride, shall be accomplished only by employees wearing Type C continuous centrations tn excess of 50 ppm Is physi Hie ambient air of (he area to determine flow or jircssure demand air supplied res cally harmful and carcinogenic: (2) that exposure to VC at concentrations in ex cess Of a concentration of 50 pptn poses a whether it contains vinyl chloride in con centrations In excess of 50 ppm. (2) Frequency. Monitoring of a suffi pirators or self-contained breathing ap paratus. (3) In any case covered liy jiara- grave danger to employees; (3) that em cient number of employees so that a grtplts (dHJ) or <d><2) of this seel ion, ployees are presently cxjiosed to VC at representative sample of exposures to In addition to providing the required concentrations In excess of 50 ppm: and vinyl chloride may be determined shall respirators, the employer shall examine 44) that the emergency temporary stand be accomplished not less frequently than and analyze the source of the excessive ard set out below is necessary to provide weekly until all results for three consecu concentrations of vinyl chloride in order Immediate protection to employees from tive weeks arc at or below 50 ppm. There to determine feasible engineering or op such danger. after, monitoring shall be conducted not erational controls appropriate to reduce Pursuant to section 6(e) of the Occu pational Safety and Health Act of 1970. a proceeding will comment-- .shortly In accordance with section 0(b) of the Act. In which ttic emergency temporary standard wilt serve ns a proposed rule, together with other subsidiary rules. As soon as possible a draft environmental Impart statement will be filed with Use President's Council on Environmental ; Quality, and copies will be provided (o . other appropriate Federal agencies for their comments. v' .Pursuant to sections G(c) anil 8(e) (3) of tho tVlIltani.--.':trtrer Orcupnl tonal Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Slat. less frequently than monthly so long ns the concentrations of vinyl chloride do hot exceed 50 ppm. If a monitoring sam ple reveals vinyl chloride in concentra tions In excess of 50 ppm. weekly moni toring shall be resumed until all results for three consecutive weeks are at or be low 50 ppm. (3) Alclhod of monitoring. Personnel monitoring shall be accomplished by col lecting samples by suitable devices worn by. the employee. 17ic samples shall he analyzed by gas chromatography or by any other method which Is of equivalent sensitivity. The analytical prorcduic shall he sen.-lilve to 5 ppm of vinyl chlo ride In air with an nrcuraey of .'-.20 per the airborne concentrations to the permissable level. Hueh controls shall be Implemented ns quickly as possible. <4) Periodic IcsLx shall be conducted for equipment leaks and for emissions of vinyl chloride wluch may result from work piacllcc.x. 3. in 29 CFR Part 1910, | 1910.10 Is revised to rend m follows: join,I') Special pro* uu'uiii for air rolllniiimti in*. fa' Asbestos dust. Section 1910 93a shall imply to the exposure of every em ployee to asbestos dust In every cmplovmcnl and place of employment roveird by | 1910.12. 11910.13. S'1910 14, 159G, 1599; (29 U.3.C, G55, G37)), mid cent for a ten'minutc air sample. 1 1910.15, or I 1910.1G, In lieu ot nny dlf- genc 1 - 3- ' ferent standard on exposure to asbestos dust which would otherwise be appli cable by virtue of any of those sections. (b) Vinyl chloride. Section 1910.93q shall npply to the exposure of every em'ploycc to vinyl chloride In every employment r.nd place of employment covered by S 1910.12. 5 1910.13. 5 1910.1-1, } 1910.15, or 5 1910.1C, In lieu of any dlf ferent standard on exposure to vinyl chloride which would otherwise be ap plicable by virtue of any of those sec tions. EOcctlvc dele. These amendments shnJl become directive on April 5. 1974, (SC1. 4. S, and 8, 84 Stat. 1593. 1598. 1599 (20 U.S.C. 053, 055. 052); Secretary of Labor'* Order No. 13-71. 30 Fit 8254.) Signed at Washington, DC., this 2d day of April 1974. ., .. . John Sttnoer, Assistant Secretary of Labor, . ` * [Fit Doc.74-7800 Fllod 4-4-74:8:45 am) e. * GENC 014261 16S9G PROPOSED RULES V c. (c) The Deputy Administrator, Vet have been occupationally related.-' As a the level, frejm a ceiling of 500 ppm to 50 erinary Services, upon request to him, result of this notification and after con ppm ceiling. It was-expressly recognized may approve other Identification systems sultation with the National Institute for that tills standard limiting exposures to r in spcciAc eases and under such condl- Occupational Safety and Health a 50 ppm level was intended to be a ten : tions as lie may prescribe if he deter- (NIOSH), and a joint Inspection of the tative. interim standard, to be in effect v mines that, such systems provide the plant by OSHA. NIOSH, and the Ken no longer than six months, during which necessary information to allow for trace- tucky Department of Labor, a fact-find time the whole question of possible safe back of the swine to their herd of origin.. ing hearing on possible hazards involved exposure to VC would bo reconsidered Any person who wishes to submit writ with the manufacture and use of VC more fully and in the light of more In ten data, views or arguments concerning was announced on January 30, 1074 (39 formation. especially results of experi the proposed amendment may do so by FR 3874) and held on February 15. 1074. ments wliieh were known to be under filing them with Deputy Administrator. 2. Carcinogenicity Of VC. Information way at that time. Veterinary Services. Animal and Plant produced at this hearing demonstrated 4. Additional information. On April 15. Health Inspection Service, U.S, Depart that exposure of laboratory animals 1974, information and data were pre ment of Agriculture, Hyattsvillc. Mary (mostly Sprague-Dawley rats) to VC by sented to representatives of OSHA. " land 20782 before August 12, 1974. Inhalation at and below the then current NIOSH and the EPA by the Industrial All written submissions made pursuant - OSHA standard of 500 ppm induced Bio-Test Laboratories, Northbrook, Illi to this notice will be made available for tumors, including angiosarcomas of the nois, concerning results of animal ex public inspection at the Federal Bulld- liver. Professor Cesare Maltonl, of the posure studies with VC, sponsored by the '.lng, CS05 Belcrest Road,' Room 870, Instituto di Oncologia,- Bologna. Italy, Manufacturing Chemists Association Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, during reg reported on a series of experiments on (MCA); Although only preliminary in ular hours of business (8 a.m. to 4:30 the effect of exposure of rats, mice, and nature, these results revealed that 2 out pan.. Monday to Friday, except holidays) hamsters to VC at concentrations of of 200 mice exposed to VC concentrations ' in a manner convenient to the public business (7 CFR 1.27(b)). Comments submitted should bear a reference to the date and page number 10,000; 6,000; 2,500; 500; 250: and 50 ppm for varying periods of time (TR43-C3). Some of the experiments have been concluded, and others are still on of 50 ppm for 7 hours a day. five days a week, for approximately 7 months, de veloped angiosarcomas of the liver. The Industrial Bio-Test Lab data in of this issue In the Federal Register. going. The experimental results reported dicate that exposure to VC at 50 ppm Done at Washington, D.C., this 7th day of May 1974. ' " ' PiehrE! A, Chaloux, Acting Deputy Administrator,'. . ' Veterinary Services, .Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; were that tumors have been observed in groups of animals exposed to VC at con centrations as low as 250 ppm. No tumors were observed in the group of animals exposed to VC at a concentration of 50 ppm. It also appears that the total num ber of tumors, as well as the numbers of angiosarcomas of the liver, decreased may well constitute a serious health haz ard to employees. Also, the question of a safe level of exposure for humans can not be determined at this time, and may continue as a matter for scientific de liberation for many years. We therefore conclude that it Is now necessary to pro pose to change the 50 ppm level estab (Fit Doc.74-10882 Filed 5-3-74:8:45 am) , as the concentrations of VC were reduced lished in the ETS to as low a level as can to 250 ppm. Another experiment by Pro bo detected using methodologies outlined " DEPARTMENT OF LABOR fessor Maltoiii was reported underway In tliis proposal. Involving the exposure of 300 animals (5) The proposed permanent standard. Occupational Safety and Health to VC at concentrations of 50 ppm. in Tlie requirements for a complete stand Administration order to assess hi a more definitive way ard under section 6(b) of the Occupa [ 29 CFR Part 1910 ] 1 Docket OS1I-3G] whether that level of exposure produces tional Safety and Health Act of 1570 tumors in animals. Data reported by are much more comprehensive than the Torkclson, Oyen and Rowe (American provisions of tlie ETS promulgated on ' .VINYL CHLORIDE ; . Industrial Hygiene Association J 22; 254- April 5. The following proposals arc re Proposed Standard^ 361 (1961)) Indicate that exposure to sponsive to the additional information .VC-at concentrations of 50 ppm failed to on tlie carcinogenicity of VC, and the 1. Background. Vinyl chloride (chloro- Induce tumors in rats, hamsters, rabbits, requirements of foe Act. etlienc) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 75015, is a synthetic chemi cal made by oxychlorination of ethylene or by hydrochlorination of acetylene. It is the parent compound of a series of Ihemoplastic resin polymers and co polymers which are widely used for con tainers, wrapping film, electrical insula tion, pipe,-conduit, and a variety of other products. Vinyl chloride has been made commercially in this country since 1939 and present production is .In excess, of seven billion pounds per year. Vinyl chloride (VC) Is a gas at am bient temperature and pressure and is a and dogs. The employees of the B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company who died from angio sarcoma of tlie liver had an average ex posure of approximately 19 years to vinyl chloride, at unknown concentrations, and variable exposures to other volatile chemicals. (TR 03), Some employees of Union Carbide, Firestone Tire and Rub ber, and Goodyear were also reported in post-hearing comments to have had ex posure to vinyl chloride and to have died from nngiosarcoma of the liver. Finally, autopsies of four deceased employees re vealed their liver angiosarcoma tumors a. Level of exposure. The proposestandard for employee cxijosure is s-t a. no delectable level, as determined by a sampling and analytical method c;t pubic Of detecting vinyl chloride at concentra tions of 1 ppm with an accuracy of 1 PPm'-50 percent. Although more sensi tive mctlwli iniiy Tut n vnilnhlc nnw nr' in tfiTTfuturc. the methodological sensitivity proposed Treats tn thn most feasible and genevnitv av.itiohti*. A method of 1 ppm sensitivity has been recommended to OSHA by NIOSH. To minimize the number of persons at risk, a require ment would be established for regulating chlorinated hydrocarbon which has wero histologically indistinguishable areas where vinyl chloride is manufac moderate liver toxicity. The previous from the angiosarcoma tumors observed tured, reacted, stored, handled, relcascd,- standard set a celling value of 500 parts in Professor Maltoni's experimental rcpackaged. or used. Including opera- per million (ppm) (29 CFR 1010.03. Table G-l). On January 22. 1074, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was informed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSHi that the B. F. Good ' rich Chemical Company reported that animals. 3, The Emergency Temporary Stand ard. On the basis of all information available at that time, and the fact that employees were being exposed at levels around the experimentally observed cffeet level of 250 ppm, an Emergency Temi>oi-ary Standard (ETS) was promul tions with polys'mi'l chlonde containing delectable levels of vinyl chloride. Access to the areas would be limited to aulhorized employees. !U. Monitoring, a program of monitor- ing would be required to establish whether there are delectable levels in regulated areas and to permit determina deaths of several of its employees from gated on April 5. 1074 (39 FR 12342) os tion of employee exposures on an In a rare liver cancer (angiosarcoma) may 29 CFR 1910.93q. This standard reduced dividual basis. Provision would also bo fEOERAL REGISTER, VOL 39, NO, 92--FRIDAY, MAY 10, 1974 GEMC 0142A2 i. J .'y * PROPOSED RULES ^16S97 ' f ' made for an opportunity to observe record to an employee's physician on the (5) "Decontamination" means reduc J monitoring by employees or' their tlesig- employee's request. Rstablislimcnts con tion of vinyl chloride concentrations to { nated representatives, ns required by scc- ducting VC operations would bo required leas than detectable levels. ,- J.i tlon 8(c) (3) of the Act. to identify themselves to OSHA. and to (6) `ipetectable level" means an air 'C. Control methods. Where detectable report incidents (accidents) resulting in borne concentration of vinyl chloride V. 'levels of VC are monitored, two pro- the release of vinyl chloride. measurable by a sampling and analytical grams would be triggered; on enginccr- Accordingly, pursuant to sections 6(b), method capable of measuring concentra 5 ' lng and work practice program to reduce G(c). and 8(0 of the Occupational tions of 1 ppm, with an accuracy of 1 J levels below detectability; and while this Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Stat. ppm50 percent. -- f Is on-going, a respiratory protection pro- 1503, 1596, 1599: 29 U.S.C. 655, 657), Sec -- (7) "Director" means tile Director, Na j gram for employees in the regulated area. retary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR tional Institute for Occupational Safety I Engineering controls and work prac- 8754) and 29 CFR Port 1911, it is here and Health, or any person directed by V". tlces are favored methods of compliance by proposed to amend 29 CFR Part 1910 him or the Secretary Of Health. Educa I/-;. because they tend to avoid contamina- by revising $ 1910.93q as set forth below. tion, and Welfare to act for the Director. . tlon of the ambient air in the workplace. Written data, views, and arguments (8) "Emergency" means an unforseen . Accordingly, it la proposed to require the concerning the proposals may be mailed circumstance or set of circumstances, re institution of engineering controls and to the Docket Officer, Docket OSII-36, sulting in the release of vinyl chloride .. '..`of workpractice methods as soon as feasl- Room 230, 1726 M Street. N.W.. Occupa into areas occupied by employees. ;.~-- blc, and to require the use of. respirators tional Safety- and Health Administra (9) "Exposure" moans actual contact .'_\`-CV; pending the institution of such controls, to supplement such controls where they tion, Washington, D.C, 20210, post marked not later than June 10. 1974. with vinyl chloride when unprotected byrequired personal protective equipment w.'are insufficient to reduce concentrations Pursuant to 29 CFR 1911,11 (b) and and clothing. " of vinyl chloride below the delectable (c), interested persons may flic objec (10) "Fabricated product" means a --`''level, in specified work situations, and tions to the proposals, requesting an in finished product or part of such product, in cases of emergency. The proposal for formal hearing with respect thereto, in made of polyvinyl chloride, entirely or in continuous flow and pressure demand accordance with the following condi part, including semifinished products ' types of respirators is based on the rec- tions : such as film, sheet, block, bar, or extru ommendalions of NIOSH, which has ob- (1) The objections must include the sion stock. served leakage through chemical cay- name and address of the objector; (11) "OSHA Area Director" means the -: tridge respirators at high concentrations (2) The objections must be post- Director for the Occupational Safety and ,J. V-'of VC. . . marked on or before June 10,1974: Health Administration Area Office hav .i.' A requirement would also be ostab- (3> The objections must specify the ing Jurisdiction over the geographic area '/;:,V,lished for the provision and use of pro- provisions of the proposed rule to which in which the establishment is located, - . ; teetive clothing for employees In the reg- objection is taken, and must state the (12) "Polyvinyl chloride" means poly ulated areas. The protective clothing grounds therefor: vinyl chloride homopolymer or copol .-.`t would minimize skin contact with VC (4) Each objection must be separately ymer before such is converted to a fab ' i vapor, and would provide some measure stated and numbered: and ' ricated product. ' ' of protection from splash of liquid in (5) The objections must be accom-' (13) t "Protective clothing" means. r, the event of a spill or rupture of equip_ ment. Food, beverages, and like products panied by a summary of the evidence proposed to be adduced at the requested clothing protective against vinyl chlo ride. , would be prohibited in the regulated hearing. ' (14) "Vinyl chloride" means vinyl r~ area. As revised, i 19i0.93q would read as chloride monomer. ' ' Written operational and emergency plans would be required, along with em ployee training in routine and emergency | ' ./V duties. Specific requirements would be `..`/.'established for emergency actions and ` .for routine maintenance and docontami ',' .nation operations, including vessel entry, which ore known to present particular , ,/V hazards. , i. * / ' . The purposes of operational and emer, ' gcncy plans and training are to apprise t r employees of the hazards to which they i may be exposed, of the precautions they j must take to avoid such hazards, and to J . " rehearse employees in tire procedures .they must follow in emergencies. ` D. Medical surveillance. Comprohen-' .sivc requirements for employee medical examinations arc proposed, including ,. necessary tests. Some additional guid` ance is included for the convenience of physicians. The proposed requirements liave bceh recommended to OSHA by ... NIOSH as reasonably appropriate to de tect liver dysfunction which may be in dicative of. or predisposing to. the dc. , vclopment of liver angiosarcomas. E. .Records and reports, Records of follows: , '. 1910.93q Vinyl Chloride. . (a) Scope and application. (1) This section applies to any area or operation ln_iitliich vinyl chloride (chloroethene), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 75015, is manufactured reacted, re leased. repackaged, stored, or used, including areas and operations involving polyvinyl chloride where detectable levels nf vinyl cldoiide are released' (2) Tills section does not npply to the handling or use of fabricated products made entirely or In part of polyvinyl chloride. (b) Definitions. (1) "Assistant Secre tary" means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U,S. Department of Labor or his designee, (2) "Authorized employeo" means an employee whoso duties require him to bo in Lite regulated area and who has been specifically assigned by the employer; and any employee who enters such an area as a designated representative of employees to exercise an opportunity to observe monitoring and measuring of (15) "Waste resin" means any resin or other reaction products removed in the cleaning of equipment, such as ves sels and piping. (c) Reference. College of American Pathologists, 230 N. Michigan Ave., Chi cago, Illinois 60G01. (4) Regulated areas. (1) A regulated area shall be established where (ii vinyl chloride is manufactured, reacted,' 'rg-` leased, repackaged,; stOMd,1 `dr;'.0Ccl; 'On'1 (ii) polyvinyl chloride'capable of 'Yij'Isasing detectable levels of vinyl' chlo ride is manufactured, reacted, released, repackaged, stored, or used. (2) Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized employees,' (3) A daily roster of employees enter- ing regulated areas shall be made and maintained. The rosters, or summaries thereof, shall be kept for at least 20 years. (e) Monitoring. (1) Every regulated area shall be monitored for detectable levels of, vinyl chloride. - (2) The monitoring shall assure that any exposure may be determined for each authorized employee with a confi- . . monitoring, medical examinations, and vinyl chloride. tkucc-level of 93 percent. . entry to regulated areas arc proposed. (3) "Closed container" moans any (3) Employees or their designated rep witli provision for access by appropriate container winch prevents the release of resentatives shall bo aflorded an oppor 9S.IIA alld NIOSH officials. Specific pro- vinyl chloride to the environment. tunity to observe monitoring and measur .; visions for employee access to monitoring (4) "Contaminated" means capable ing required by this paragraph. |V_ V records arc included, as well as the re of releasing a detectable level of vinyl (i) Where exercise of an opportunity quirement to furnish a copy of a medical chloride. ,. . requires entry to on area where the use s' No, 92--Pt. i- -10 FE0ERAL REGISTER, VOL 39, NO. 92--FRIDAY, MAY 10, 1974 1 GENC 014263 ; i- i r ) \' / .. C 1GS9S . PROPOSED .RULES i of protective clothing, equipment, fa (2) There shall be tests' made for ij) :Emcrqencij situations, (l) a writ cilities. or procedures is required, such process or equipment leaks and for emis ten operational plan for cmergcnc , .' clothing, equiiimcnt. facilities, and pro sion'of vinyl chloride which may result situations shall be developed for cac cedures shall be provided to all persons from workpractices. The frequency of regulated area, entitled to exercise the opportunity, at no these tests shall be such as to Insure the (2) In the event of an emergency, ae cost to any of them. integrity of equipment and adherence to propriate portions of the plan shall t (ii) Persons exercising the opportu proper workpractices. put Into operation. nity shall be instructed regard ins: (g) Respiratory protection. (1) A res (i) Hazardous conditions created t (A) The toxicity and fire hazard of piratory protection program, in accord the emergency shall be eliminated ar. Vinyl chloride; and ance with 5 1310.134 shall be established the affected area shall be decontam: (D) The protective steps and measures and implemented whore respirators are nated prior to the resumption of norm, . . necessary for tlielr protection. required to bo used by this section. operations, . - .. - (iil) Observers shall be permitted, (2) Respirators shall be used only In (ii) Special medical surveillance by without interference to the persons per forming,the monitoring and measuring. ... ...to: . i CA) Observe all steps and procedures related to the collecting, processing, and '....... evaluation of particular monitoring and . mcasurcmentsamples; . <B> Record quantities and results obtained:' ' ' CC) Observe the condition of monitor ing and measuring equipment; cases of emergency and where required by any other provision of this section. Respirators may not be used In lieu of feasible engineering controls or workpractice methods. (3) Respirators or* combinations of respirators for protection against vinyl chloride shall be selected. from among the following; (1) A positive pressure full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus; (ii) A pressure-demand full facepiece physician shall be Instituted within 2( hours for employees present in the a.' fcctcd area at the time of the emergenc (iil) Where an employee has a knor. contact with liquid vinyl chloride sue employee shall be required to shower .' soon as possible, unless contraindlcau by physicalinjurics. (iv). An Incident report on the erne gcncy shall bo reported as required paragraph (q) (2) of this section. (3) Each authorized employee shr (D)''Receive a demonstration of the self-contained breathing apparatus op be trained in a program relating to tl calibration and function tests of the erating in the pressure-demand mode; hazards of vinyl chloride and the pr monitoring and measuring equipment " performed on site; and (lit) A combination type "C" pressuredemand full facepiece respirator oper cautions for safe use. (i) ^he program shall include: v;; (E) Examine instructions and docu- ating in tire pressure-demand mode and (A) The nature of the fire hazard, ai , ments related to the procedures and \ equipment for monitoring and.measur- '.ln^- ' ' ' ... (4) Accurate and complete records of * all required monitoring shall be made . .. . and maintained for not less than 20 .years. Such a record shall (1) state the . , date of.such monitoring and the levels ...........determined; and (ii) Identify the instru- ... ments and methods used. (f) Engineering controls and icork~ \... practice methods. (1) Where detectable ... levels of vinyl chloride are measured, . immediate protection shall be provided . against exposure to vinyl chloride by the use of engineering controls, workpractlce methods, and respirators as follows: (i) Feasible engineering controls and . workpractice methods shall Immediately be used to reduce airborne concentra. . tlons of Yirivl chloride hnlnw the detect ablfijgjxli (ii) Wherever feasible engineering ** ` controls and workpractice methods which can be instituted immediately are not sufficient to reduce concentrations of vinyl chloride below the detectable level. . they shall nonetheless be used to reduce the concentrations to the lowest prac ticable level, and shall be supplemented .......... by means of respirators in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section; (lii) Wherever no feasible engineering control or workpracticc method can be instituted immediately, immediate res piratory protection shall be provided in a pressure-demand self-contained breathing apparatus operating In the pressure-demand mode; or ' (iv) A combination type "C" continu ous flow respirator and a pressuredemand self-contained breathing ap paratus operating in the pressure-de mand mode. (h) Protective clothing. (1) Employees entering regulated areas shall be pro vided full-body protective clothing, foot wear or shoe covers, and gloves, at no cost to them, and required to wear it while In the regulated area, (2) Where polyvinyl chloride powder containing detectable levels of vinyl chloride is handled, employees shall also be; <i) Provided and required to wear headcoverlngs; (11) Required to remove all protective clothing at each exit from the regulated area; and (lil) Required to shower after the last exit of the day. (3) Clean protective clothing shall be provided whenever contaminated or soiled, but not less frequently than weekly. Contaminated clothing shall be decontaminated before reuse by removal for laundering or disposal. (i) Hygiene facilities and practices. (1) Where employees are required by this section to wear protective clothing and equipment, change rooms shall the necessary protective steps; (B) The nature of the toxic haza: including local and systemic effee acuto and chronic effects include specifically the carcinogenic hazard; . (C) The specific nature of operatic which could result in exposure to vh chloride, and necessary protective ste; (D) The purpose for and applicat; of the medical surveillance program; (E) The purpose for and applical: of decontamination practices: (F) Tire purpose for and significar of emergency practices and procedure <G) The employee's specific role ur.t normal operating or emergency ccntlons; <II) Specific information to aid t employee in recognition and evahia'.: of conditions and situations whic . . result in the release of vinyl chloric (1) The purpose for and applicai. of specific first aid procedures and pr: tices; (J) A review, of this standard at i employee's first training and indoct nation program and annually thereof: (ii) All materials relating to the p gram shall bo provided upon requesi authorized representatives of the Ass; ant Secretary and the Director, (k) Signs and labels. (1) Entrance.'regulated areas shall be posted with si. bearing the legend: CANCER-SUSPECT AGENT AREA .AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY accordance with paragraph (g) of this bo provided in accordance .with (2) Areas containing operations c ....... section; and S 1310.141(c). cred in paragraph (k) (1) (4) of this t (iv) In any case covered by paragraph (f)(1) (il> or (iii) of this section, the (2) Where employees are required by this section to shower, shower facilities tion 5ball bo posted with signs bear tho legend: employer shall also undertake as soon as shall be provided in accordance with cancer-suspect agent ln tfrs a:. practicable a program to reduce airborne S 1310.141(d)(3). full IMPERVIOUS AIR-SUPPLIED LQC concentrations of vinyl chloride below (3) Storage or consumption of food the detectable level, or to the gvoatest or beverages, storage or use of smoking ment required AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY extent feasible, solely by means of engl- or non-food chewing products, and the (3) Containers of waste or other i nccring controls and workpractlce meth storage or application of cosmetics are tcrials contaminated with vinyl chloi ods and as soon as feasible. prohibited in regulated areas. shall bo labeled: FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 39, NO. 93--FRIDAY, MAY 1 0, 1974 A GENC 014264 c. PROPOSED RULES 16S00 .--'7-VINYL CHLORIDE CONTAMINATED - MATERIAL ' cancer-susit.ct agent V DI5P0SE OP OR DECONTAMINATE USING . .authorized precedures (li) When vessels arc to be entered, all piping to such vessel shall bo: f A) Opened, blanked and tagged; or <B) Where welded piping is in use, not less than 2 valves in scries, which isolate M> Alcohol'lntqjEEI (li) Past history of hepatitis: (ill) Past exposure to potential hepa- totoxic agents, including drugs and chemicals; - ,'(4) Containers of Polyvinyl chloride tho vessel from any other connection to (iv) Past history, of blood' transfu i .. containing detectable levels of vinyl such line, must be closed and secured. sions; and ' chloride shall be labeled: (ill) No employee shall enter a vessel, (v) Past history of hospitalizations. POLYVINYL CHLORIDE - CONTAINS VINYL CHLORIDE . VINYL CHLORIDE IS A except when another employee properly (3) At the time of initial employment, trained and equipped for entry is pres or upon institution of screening, a serum ent and Is observing the employee in the specimen shall be obtained for screening CANCER-SUSPECT AGENT vessel. Tho observer shall have means with respect to the following bio-chemi . . ABSORBED BY BREATHING .AND ... .... THROUGH SKIN for signalling for help in the event the cal determinations of liver function: employee experiences problems. Under (i) Total bilirubin; ; . (5) Containers of vinyl chloride shall be. labeled: .* ' ' ` ' VINYL CHLORIDE ` DANGER - EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE GAS . t- UNDER PRESSURE MAY POLYMERIZE WITH such conditions, the observer shall sig (11) Alkaline phosphatase: ' nal for help, and shall not enter to assist (iii) Serum glutamic oxalacetic trans the employee until another person Is aminase (SGOT); present to observe. ` ' 1 (Iv) Serum. glutamic pyruvic trans Cm) Traiisportation loading and un aminase (SGPT): and loading. (1) Facilities for the loading (v) Gamma glustamyl tvanspoptldase and unloading of vinyl chloride to and (GGTP). ' :*explosive force from containers shall have each transfer (4) Additional tests that may option -V. poison line and vapor-equn lining line equipped ally be considered for use in screening ' cancer suspect agent and , .. with vent connections, and shall have* include: , ; _ - anesthetic '7;absorbed by breathing - AND-THROUGH SKIN ah Inert gas purging system. Vent and . (1) Lactic dehydrogenase; purge efliuent shall be returned to a proc- (ii) Serum protein determinations: . ess stream or flared in a safe location. (iii) Serum protein electrophoresis; (6) No statement shall appear on or (2) Procedures shall be developed and and near any required sign, label or instruc- Implemented for the transfer of vinyl (Iv) Platelefcount. " lion, which contradicts or detracts from chloride. Written copies of such proce (5) Laboratory analyses for all biologi the effect of any required warning, In-, dures shall bo provided employees en cal specimens included In medical exam formation or instruction. gaged in such operations, and such _em-, inations shall be performed In labora (1) Maintenance and'decontamina- ployces shall be fully trained and re tories accredited by tho College of 7 (1) Emphasis shall be placed upon hearsed in all procedures. American Pathologists or licensed under V '' Immediate clean up of spills, periodic in-' (3) Employees engaged in transfer op . 43 CFR Part 74. ` spccllon. prompt repair of equipment and. erations shall be provided with and (0) If the results of screening required .- -- leaks, and proper handling, storage and required to wear respirators in accord In paragraph (o) (3) of this section are - disposal or decontamination of materials ance with paragraph (g) of this section, normal, screening shall be repeated: - to prevent airborne contamination and accidental skin contact with vinyl chlo- ride. Waste materials, equipment, nnd other sources of vinyl chloride In closed containers, may not be placed in areas of excessive tomperature or sunlight since- . build-up of. internal pressure may result ("-'in rupture of the container,, fire or r'explosion. (2) Waste resins or other materials contaminated with vinyl chloride shall be ( placed in closed containers pending dis- ,'vposal or decontamination, ii; (3) Appropriate procedures shall be developed and implemented for the de- contamination or disposal of all such waste material. (4) In maintenance or repair opera- ' lions on. contaminated--systems or : equipment, including vessel entry, em ployees engaged in such operations shall .be (i> provided with and required to ` wear and use a whole-body air-supplied suit impervious to vinyl chloride, and a \ respirator in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section; and (ii), required to . shower after removing protective equip- ` ment. ` (5). Protective clotliing and equipment ' shall be clean and dry for each use. CO When vessels or piping systems arc . opened local exhaust ventilation shall be provided to remove the escaping vapor - from all occupied areas. (n) Polymer handling operations. (1) Containers of polyvinyl chloride releas ing detectable levels of vinyl chloride shall bo opened and transferred only under local exhaust ventilation which reduces the concentration of vinyl chlo ride below the detectable level. . t2) Hot operations, such as but not limited to milling, calendering and ex truding, which release detectable levels of vinyl chloride, shall be carried on only under local exhaust ventilation which reduces the concentration of vinyl chlo ride below the detectable level. Co) Medical surveillance. Not later than 1974, a program of medical surveillance shall be insti tuted. and shall provide each authorized employee with an opportunity for ex aminations In accordance with this para graph. All medical examinations and procedures shall be performed `by or under tho supervision of a licensed Doctor of Medicine (MD> or Doctor of Osteopathy (DO), All medical examina tions and tests shall be provided without cost to the employee. (1) At the time of initial employment, or upon institution of screening, a physi cal examination shall be performed with specific attention to detecting enlarge ment of liver or spleen- by abdominal palpation. (1) Every six months for employees who have been employed in vinyl chlo ride related operations for 10 years or more; and (ii). Annually for all other employees entering regulated areas. (7) If one or more liver function tests performed are abnormal, serum testing shall be repeated as soon as possible, preferably within two to four weeks. If no abnormalities are present upon rescveenlng, serum testing shall be re peated In three montlis. (8) If abnormalities persist upon rescreening, the employee shall be with drawn from areas where contact with vinyl chloride Is possible, and an individ ualized medical workshop shall be in stituted, Suggested'as Initial steps are a complete physical examination and vari ous special procedures such as hepatitis B antigen determination and liver scan ning. If liver function abnormalities are determined to be unrelated to liver dis ease, the employee may be permitted to rctunriuj vinyl chloride-related employ ment, subject to individual medical evaluation. (9) A complete and accurate record of the results of medical examinations shall be made and maintained for the dura tion of employment plus five years, or for 20 years, whichever Is longer. (p) Records. (1) Hccords of monitor (7) (i) Vessels to be entered shall fust (2) At tho time of initial employment ing and measuring, medical records, and bo ventilated and monitored so that the concentration of vinyl chloride is reduced to a level within the protection factor or upon institution of screening, and an nually thereafter, a medical history checklist shall be completed by tho em ployee. Tills list shall include questions regulated area entry rosters and sum maries, shall be made available for ex amination and copying upon request to authorized representatives of the Assist ( capability of the protective equipment. `concerning: ant Secretary nnd the Director. ' FEDERAL REGISTER, VOt. 3V, NO. 92--FRIDAY, .MAY 10, 197A GENC 014265 1GDOO PROPOSED RULES ., (2) In the event that the employer ceases to do business and there Is no suc1 ecssor to receive and retain his records (Secs. C(b). 0(c). in] 8(c). 84 Stnt. 1503, 150G. 1550 (25 U.S.C. 055. C57); Secretary ol Labor's Order No. 12-71 (3G Fit 8754)) conservative limitation may no longer be appllcabler4he FAA has Instituted t regulatory study project to rcevaluau lor the prescribed period, these records Signed at Washington, D.C. this 6th tho limitation. The study will Include the shall be transmitted by registered mail day of May, 1374. to the Director, and each employee indi vidually notified in writing of this * John Stender, . , Assistant Secretary of Labor. transfer, (3) Employees and their designated- (FR Doc.74-10748 Filed 5-0-74:8:45 am] representatives shall be provided access to examine and copy records of monitor- .DEPARTMENT OF . ing and measuring, . v. . TRANSPORTATION (4) Former employees shall be pro vided acces to examine and copy records '. .Federal Aviation Administration reflecting their own exposures. . . [ 14CFR Part25 ] (5) Upon written request of any em - - ' [Docket No. 13G0G; Notice 74-10] ' ployee, a copy of the medical record of such employee shall be .furnished to a ' TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES ` physician designated by the employee In Type A Passenger Emergency Exit Capacity '.1.l.-mmeiDaemosrwrwerAegittmbrtctnnhreieemhemuane'lafmsreehnieuciaecegppager(<((ctd<(st(<(l(anaepeydtedldaihCnDAr2eoquipoiuBhiueihdtnei))ltrtecneibet)io))rlfhlr)e))cemct)deenaarpoOttt;hdilryhe..eedoniTAwnitiotolisIeaRoeeaenTAAeSAAAeqlalidndr1c;htonfrhmerlinf.g-ddnuhe5HtlctnrewamcwueehdatgesrpepeiisrvdAeianentdmdxddaaeniepidlserooupeaoainoanxlradteirnnfistdeeperaternonenfypyfed.gtiytatnuvecaycnonoa2siaesttaeodrnAgstancerhcmtsltih4e.tlrrssifstnfricytd,teipesetiotwnfese;uetlecoa(bhoselhuhdcusot1afrfranaadwhfiieafermocsoco;eleoesrf)andrisnattiniOnrhluhetrincprneoaaccudnoOhNkaaodmereioDhpodSgetnycrcicnsnennfsoaanmSolfohrchaemHdioddbnetfnrffttehHrteopo.ttoeeoweohAmcsetoyeitplamrlbcolAafahcrohehaenowrrerspo:tcmtrntmeyptaoshaimastcxelonAuenAiehoclunagpeautlaioaarraaornlreetyiherrgnsorrryntlaoeternbeleasetadcitOieshaededonaoseehoeanuabmwiet.efaIacSnyhnspfncmaalmdfsaesaptelDiiHoieelDiantlsnnhsncslososmeohirtrikyaAndhrthivihtaah'ftdouirmeateeepetnoaateelarmfndAnelidncewnealaotlplclvatal;clhlatitorrtina'rctlrohieeceninoecebebboat1roaaas'terhhdaehsyeeer-ar5tf,.ll-.'';":'-msnAwFsSTwlRCchrtcttlotiotaftterfaedhhiiiieiiituiuouacucooccogeyfvmrexduotiiacveeeTITl:cnTeotvleepiimidrcnnueelnmlppitthkbeyniarhseshnhiFetsdhenrtoeaicaiebseimcbtiomeaouneioreeslmawodilsnantftteiaeAtoftnreDftoeghdfimofiteaoyuetiotFoalrrissi,rormehlespnooaroakinyseetniyineAtaisntnnrhreucIntadiftvtitASahgnsa2xuh.uFcetAegkdevnbapJtioxeWi5ulgweaevtlIabotrdeAntepaedihulrnhisf.aAdliiIbtlynodmtsa8nfacaaspii.Ael,ducarton1,ey.piCvavs0cmbirthtreh(totAuc0sn'anoisitoeepsiisret7ohclneohdW0gauAoeeeumtatG9sepr.brr(oeeag.Iniersolutypnc,.lrknselaniloCsinesCar,eeonl)cofsloigsepegfoa1brnsouivsnmseotpiv-iadnhltemase9sdhtRcit2iogibphsermrsiicepo(rsoe7oCst.)ctoeo4at.eAim2daeetcyewu4psnhruneracimmrov,csi)ntyadkgAe,edinlgltsoitruintied8tfhigteasuideucmng,bmottnnfmftoepng0daoeaieooiaglalnsoetogfceatgs0erobotoiimndneebrirr"frIninneratocnenfcolnuapI,ibasdrialreylsivenanoetartkn,greosrldsyaiiiossyaeeindrnoornterDansattvpgeniaper(asrertepotAsntucsct3las.meueauoapcsclaycuapCeodnh.raod,t)oncmubtleetatnietbsaasi.inorinuaoerTncbiol(ioferdpntpcevminktnFefrpnoooecsptgnyminnoddil2endniainasgAhdlcn"frpriust0ai,edaoe'ctoigicnimppt.uougrRtterr5osninfanOtotipteasuetararusti9nlehacnccocsueeneaatoaexotetsl1lrfrAedgoeeeoheed)ynsf:-srrfr..-' , to-be taken, with specific completion Type A exits that are contained in 3 25.dates, to avoid further similar releases, 807 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (3) Upon completion of any monitoring -were adopted by Amendment 25-15, ef . . factors originally considered in estab lishing tho limitation as well as any other factors found to bo pertinent. Those factors originally considered include per tinent evacuation tests and demonstra tions, exterior slides; tho number, loca tion, and size of- aisles and passageways, and evacuation system reliability. Data available to the FAA on In-sowIco evacuations, slide deployments, and evacuation demonstrations indicate tha: more than 100 passengers have beer, evacuated through a Type A exit withir. 90 seconds. The data further indicate that Type A exit systems may havt higher in-service reliability than was an ticipated at the time tho limitation war established in the regulations. However, the FAA believes it is important to re view all relevant data on safety and cost considerations that may be applicable to any proposed change in the Type A exit passenger seating limitation. To this end. tho FAA solicits data, views, and argu ments from all interested persons on the questions'set forth below. Data support ing an answer should' be submitted or identified sufficiently that tho FAA may obtain or develop It. 1. Do the data available on evacuation tests and in-service incidents that relate to the evacuation capacity of Type A exits under emergency conditions indi cate that the 100 passenger limitations may safely be Increased? 2. What reliability has been demon strated for Typo A exit systems by serv ice experience and tests? . 3. What relationships may be estab lished between reliability and passenger emergency evacuation capability of Type A exits? . 4. How would the emergency evacua tion capability of TVpc A exits be af fected by specific Increases in passenger seating capacity and by specific past ger seating configuration consideration- 5. If there are other factors th i should bo considered, how should the rel evant data be related to the emergency evacuation capability of Type A exits? 6. If tho. commentator recommends specific passenger capacities for consid eration, what economic and safety bene fits or penalties would be associated with them? and measuring which discloses that any fective October 24, 1967, That amend Issued in Washington, D.C., on May 2. employee has actually been exposed to detectable levels of vinyl chloride, each ment also established the provision, In 5 25.803(c), that manufacturers show by such employee shall be individually noti demonstration that the maximum seat fied In writing. The notice shall: ing capacity of an airplane having a ca (1) Be delivered not later than 10 working days after completion of the' pacity of more than 44 passengers can be evacuated to the ground within 90 seconds, under conditions prescribed in )D74, iI C, R. Melvcin, Jr., : '. Acting Director, Flight Standards Service. |FR Doc.74-10787 Filed 5-9-74:8:45 im] monitoring and measuring; the regulation. As discussed in the pre (ii) State the actual exposure In terms amble to Amendment 25-) 5, the allow [ 14 CFR Part 39 ] of concentration and time; and able passenger seating limit of 100 that [Docket No. 74-NW--4-AD] (iii) State the steps which have been taken, arc being taken, and wiil be taken,with specific completion dates, to termi was established for each pair of Tyi>c A exists was less than the evacuation ca pacity that had been demonstrated by test. As a result of receiving data and AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES Boeing Model 737-100/200 Series Airplanes nate the exposuro and prevent a recur Information tending to Indicato that The Federal Aviation Administration rence. .. ....... some of the considerations leading to the Is considering amending Part 39 of the FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl. 39, NO. 92--FRIDAr, MAY 10, 1974 GENC 014266