Document yr9vgVDDzEGwKeQ9obqwjL33E

INTERNATIONAL World energy needs will quadruple by the year 2000 -1 About 40% of total energy used in the U.S. will be electric by 2000, and half of this will be nuclear REACTOR. Mark III TRIGA reactors, such as above, are used for training. Much of new U.S. electric generating capacity is nuclear > By the year 2000 world energy needs energy used in the U.S. is first up uranium. Of about 90 million kw. of y will be at least four times what they graded into electric power. By the water reactors on order around the are today--about 7.5 billion metric end of the century about 40% of the world, only about 5% of this planned tons of coal equivalent Thus they total energy used in theTl.S. will be capacity is operating. will reach about 30 billion metric in' the form of electric, power. . Today the Soviet Union has a total tons of coal equivalent. By the end "Currently the U.S. has an installed \ electric power capacity of about 150 of this century half of the installed electric generating capacity in utility , to 200 million kw., according to the electric generating capacity in the systems and industry of about 350 \ j West German government survey. U.S. will be nuclear, forecasts Walker million kw. "Tiy~the year 2000 this \ In 1980 the energy sources for the L. Cisler, chairman of the board of will probably increase to 1.8 to 2 bil U.S.S.R.'s electric power capacity will Detroit Edison Co. lion kw., Mr. Cisler told the meeting. probably break down this way: gas Mr. Cisler discussed world energy During 1967 and 1968 almost half 27%, oil 35%, hydraulic and nuclear resources at the 2nd International of the new electric generating capacity about 7%, and coal about 26%. Nuclear Industries Fair--Nuclex 69-- placed oh order was~Tiuctearr Con At a Nuclex press conference Prof. held in Basel, Switzerland, earlier this sidering- the^growing importance of N. A. Dollezhal, member of the Soviet month. Nuclex 69 was attended by nuclear energy, Mr. Cisler forecasts Academy of Sciences, stated that at representatives of 22 countries, in that by the year 2000 half of the in present the total electric power ca cluding for the first time the Soviet stalled electric generating capacity in pacity of Russia's nuclear power sta Union. the U.S. will be nuclear. tions is about 1350 Mw. He gave World consumption of energy in Most of the work in nuclear energy no predictions of capacity by the end 1966 was about 5.5 billion metric tons to date has been in gas-cooled and of this century. of coal equivalent, according to a heavy-water reactors using natural ura Although both Mr. Cisler and Prof. United Nations study. _The U.S. ac nium, and boiling- and pressurized- Dollezhal see great promise in breeder counted for 34.3% of this total. In water reactors using slightly enriched reactors and the use of plutonium and 1965 in the U.S. oil provided 40% of uranium-233 as fuel, they point out ~the total energy used, while gas ac that it is hard to forecast world energy counted for 30%. coal 23%, hydraulic Detroit Edison's Cisler needs by the year 2000. This will "Bower 4%. and other sources 3%. In p the Soviet Union during the same year Fossil fuels will be short depend upon new inventions, new technological developments, and upon oil provided 32.4% of the country's the emphasis given to energy intensive I energy consumption, gas 13.7%, coal industries such as steel, aluminum, and I 36.8%, and hydraulic and nuclear titanium, Mr. Cisler says. power 3.2%, according to a recent West German government survey. . Finally, a good reason for favoring fl development of nuclear power reactors Discussing changes in energy sources during the past century, Mr. ./ is the expected shortage of fossil fuels, il Mr. Cisler told the Nuclex meeting. Cisler notes that electric power, be "When we endeavor to predict how cause 'oFIts- versatility, Eas iTTcfeased long fossil fuel reserves will last, we about" twice as fast~asr'Other energy appear to be talking about some 900 ' sources. Moreover electric power years at the present rate of utilization, serves as a market for other fuels at and some 200 years at the projected the same time that it competes with rate of utilization in the year 2000," them. Today 20% of the primary he points out. . DSW 199801 34 C&EN OCT. 27, 1969 STLCOPCB4057865 -* fii CONCENTRATES INTERNATIONAL Sweden has followed the U.S. lead on cyclamates, banning their use in drinks by Jan. 1, other foodstuffs by Feb. 1. Other Scandinavian countries haven't yet followed suit. The U.K. has asked for the research findings on which the Food and Drug Administration based its action. The U.K. completed its own unpublished report just a few weeks ago and found that average intake of cyclamates in the U.K. is only one fifth to one third of the allowed 15 mg. per kilogram of body weight daily. Total U.K. consumption of cyclamates is only a few per cent of the U.S. annual consumption. West German authorities have also requested the findings. At present they are cautious about making an official statement, as only about 12% of the West German populace uses synthetic sweeteners regularly. (For more on cyclamates, see page 20.) The Soviet Union will sell natural gas to France. Under a preliminary agreement recently ratified by France's minister for economy and finances Valery Giscard d'Estaing, France will start buying about 2.5 billion cubic meters per year of natural gas from the U.S.S.R. in 1975. In exchange for the gas, France will supply the Soviets with large-diameter pipe for pipeline. France is also reportedly interested in buying large quantities of Soviet crude oil in the early 1970's. The U.S.S.R. has been anxiously looking for West European customers for its natural gas. Presently West Germany is exploring with the Soviets the possibility of an agreement to supply, beginning in 1973, 3 billion cubic meters per year of natural gas in exchange for pipe. British Petroleum Co. has developed a low-toxicity oil dispersant that can be used at sea or on beaches. Tradenamed BP1100, the dispersant forms an oil-in-water emulsion when used at sea. Its "toxicity to marine fauna is so low that there is little or no risk of damage to marine animal life," says BP. Dispersal of oil at sea requires about 10% of the dispersant per unit volume of oil. For cleaning beaches the proportion of dispersant is about 25%. BP isn't saying what type of compound or mixture of compounds the dispersant is. It is currently available in commercial quantities at a cost of about $1.75 per imperial gallon. Use of steel in U.K. autos will have passed its peak by the mid-70's, predicts U.K. auto body maker Pressed Steel Fisher. About 50% of external panels could be plastic by 1980. The company, a division of British Leyland Motor Corp., is currently working on cast polyurethane and molded acryloni trile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) auto bodies. There's unlikely to be a rapid switch from steel, however, because of current high investment in steel fabricating plant. Pressed Steel Fisher can produce 1 million vehicle bodies annually. Bodies incorporating plastic panels for lowproduction models may be introduced in 1971 or 1972, but the company isn't saying which plastic and how much. Europe is getting more polyethylene capacity. U.S.I. Europe, N.V., Belgian subsidiary of National Distillers and Chemical, will boost capacity of its low-density polyethylene plant near Antwerp to 100,000 metric tons per year. The present plant, built a year and a half ago, has been operating at above its design capacity of 47,000 metric tons. The expansion should be com pleted by mid-1971. Current West European capacity for low-density polyethylene is some 2 million metric tons annually. DSW 199802 OGT. 27, 1969 C&EN 33 STLCOPCB4057866