Document yr5zxZJ5KOeyRVmaMVpVbVXX6

Dr,, Mr. Dr0 Mr0. Mr0 Mr0 Mr o Mr. Dr0 Mr. DTo Mr., G o Do Graves, J 0 Bo Bullitt, Do McBurney, Matt Penning, So Lo McSorley, Ho Jo Haon, P Bo Cochran, Jo Do Shlels,- 1ifllHlo 1} 1? IP V 7) tr D-703.4 D-7012 D-7016 D-7024 D-8032 D-7145 D-7030 D-7033 L. Go Wise, Exp0 Sta0 Go Eo Concle, Parlin R a Bi Davis, Plint B. Eo Thomas, Newburgh In Turn (3) A Eo lo fiu Font fie Nemours & 'Co* Fabrics and finishes Department Chemical Division Philadelphia Laboratory Competitive Products Report EVALUATION OF COMPETITIVE WHITS HOUSE PAINTS Date Issued:Period Covered Project No:Prevlous Reports Notebook Noa:- 5/18/50 10/1/44 - 5/1/50 P-5013 #17 #3503, 3686 Prepared by 'ilyi ' - -w-' ~ --/ W0 F, Singleton' Approved Stuart Graves mim c o py NOT TO BE TAKEN FROM LIBRARY N50759 EVALUATION OP COMPETITIVE WHITE HOUSE PAINTS Introduction: Eighteen competitive white house paints have been compared with #40 White under Investigation WT-71,, The samples were obtained for the moBt part In the Pall of 1949, a few In 1950o During the course of the investigation, #40 White was revised to eliminate soya oil and to reinstate leaded zinc oxide In the Southo The revised products 301-885 and 301-887 are included in this report as well as the products 301-875 and 301-880 that were current when the Invest igation was begun0 The paints have been examined for composition, brushing, hiding, drying, gloss, color and settlingo Similar comparisons neve made in 1947 and 19480 Exposure studies begun at that time now yield information on the cleanliness of #40 White against competitive samples of the Bame date0 There are no significant results yet on durabilityp - Summary & Conclusions: Competitive Situation of #40 White Brushing - The outstanding advantage of #4-0 White over most competitive paints is ease of brushing,, However, two premium paints and one non-premium paint (Glldden #1867, National Lead and Montgomery-Ward) also have excellent brushing properties,, Hiding - When #40 White was reintroduced in 1947, the hiding was equal to the best premium paint at that time. National Lead* However, It appears that there has been a general increase In hiding, so that now the hiding of #40 Whit is no better than the average non-premium competitive paint* At its present hiding level, #40 White will hide a black and white contrast in two coats when applied at the spreading rate specified for a two coat systemic. Any large increase In hiding would bring the risk of poorer durablllty because the paint might be spread too fchln,, There has been no complaint on the hiding of #40 White,, Cleanliness - The results from exposure series with paints current Tri 1947 and 1948 show that #40 White is equal to average in cleanliness on weathering,, All important competitive paints are of the self-cleaning type, although a few of them have sufficient chalk resistance to be definitely below average in clean liness 0 The 1949-50 paints are being put on exposure,, Drying - The results on drying are not yet complete enough to permit comparison with individual competitive paints <, #40 White is about average in drying time under normal temperature and humidity .* DUP030004671 conditions* When paints are compared at equal spreading rates* #40 White is equal to avex*age in tack-free time and somewhat slower In through drying* This is because the high solids of #40 White give a thicker film at equal spreading rate. When compared at equal film thickness, #40 White dries tack-free faster than the average competitive paint and dries through at the same rate0 A supplementary report will be Issued when the drying tests are complete. Gloss and Color - The outstanding deficiencies of #4o White are low'"gloss'"and' 'poor Initial color. Both these properties are of Importance from the standpoint of sales, but do not affect the service the customer. In both these properties, #40 White Is below the average. In gloss It Is the lowest of all paints examined. Trends in Composition: Among the three largest competitors, both Devoe & Reynolds and Pittsburgh now have no lead pigment, and Sherwin-Williams has dropped basic carbonate white lead. Two of these competitors and several others now contain a proportion- of modified soya oil. In Devoe & Reynolds the soya oil is probably the pentaerythritol ester Sherwin-Williams at one time contained bodied soya and tung oil, but has now gone back to all linseed. Many paints contain calcium sulfate extender and rutile titanium dioxide; the calcium Bulfate extender gives them an advantage In gloss and possibly in color, whereas the rutile titanium dioxide represents more economical hiding. We have not used rutile titanium oxide because it turns yellow under some rare conditions; apparently some competitors are willing to take this risk. Ten paints still keep the oil saving vehicle with less than 4 lb, of oil per gallon. Pour paints have an intermediate oil content, about 4 lb, per gallon, and four others have an oil content, about 4,4 lb, per gallon, equal to #40 White, Cost: The content of lead pigment is more important in regard to raw material cost than the oil content. The lead free modiflcatlo of #40 White, 301-885, is only 20 per gallon higher than the average raw material cost of the non-premium competitive paints. However, It is 150 per gallon higher than the average cost of the three leading competitors, Sherwin-Williams, Pittsburgh and Devoe & Reynolds,, The cost of the leaded modification, 301-887, is about 180 per gallon higher than the average of competitive paints, al though there are some non-premium competitive paints that cost moreo Trends In Properties: There Is a decided trend toward high gloss, evidently following the lead of the Devoe & Raynolds One-Coat House Paint DUP030004672 which has an enamel gloss*, Both Sherwin-Williams and the National Lead Company may have revised their products In the past year to improve gloss. There appears to he si general Improvement In the Initial color of the competitive paints taken as a whole*, The tendency to ward higher hiding has been mentioned earlier in this report. Action Proposed; The Laboratory will review the possibilities for a quick step to Improve the balance of properties in #40 White*, This means an improvement in one or more of the properties drying, gloss or initial color, with minimum risk to the essential properties brushing, cleanliness and durability. The review will be made under the house paint project P-1047* Mo goal, date has been set*, As regards hiding: The Laboratory has a study underway (inactive at present but will b reactivated during the summer), of the desirability of a one-coat house paint, by questionnaire to painters and house owners. The results of the questionnaire will give information on the relative importance of hiding as compared with durability. Depending on the results, the Laboratory may propose an increase in hiding of #40 White for Management decision, Experimental: Table I is a summary of the properties of the competitive paints and modifications of #40 White, The properties are dis cussed individually in later sections of this report. Table II is a summary of composition and cost. The composition has been cal culated from the label analysis. The raw material cost has been calculated as of February, 1950*, . Changes in Composition; Of the paints examined both in 1948 and 1949, two show no change in label analysis. These are Pittsburgh and Kyanize, The Pittsburgh paint had already been changed to a lead-free paint with a proportion of modified soya oil In the beginning of 1948, Tv;o paints had no label analysis in 1948 or 1949;- Bruder and Fuller, Bruder ha3 been much improved in color and other prop erties, It is suspected that the vehicle in this paint contains maleic treated soya oil (Ardol); a chemical analysis Is being made to confirm this opinion. Cook: The titanium oxide has been increased, lead-free zinc oxide"Has replaced leaded zinc, and a portion of the magnesium silicate extender has been replaced by calcium carbonate. DUP030004673 4 Devoe & Reynolds #5^7 White (regular): This paint carried an Incorrect label' in icjWo' A new sample with revised label and composition has just been obtained, It contains leadfree zinc oxide, and the extender la entirely calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate. The vehicle contains 10# of dehydrated castor oil and approximately 60# of "esterlfied soya acids11, We expect that the soya acids are esterlfied with pentaerythrltolj chemical analysis Is in process to confirm this opinion, Glidden #1800 (regular): Anatase titanium oxide has been replaced by a lower amount of rutile titanium oxide at equal hiding, A small proportion of basic carbonate white lead has been Introduced into the pigment. This is the only paint in which the trend to ward lower lead content is reversed. MatIona1 Lead; Lead-free zinc oxide with an equivalent volume of Pigment '(lead silicate - silica pigment) has replaced leaded zinc. This has been done to lower cost without change In other properties, - Sears-Roebuck; This paint had a large amount of basic lead sulfate"'in "Ke" 1948 formula. The amount has now been reduced. Titanium oxide has been increased to keep the hiding the same. The amount of oil has been increased to 4 lb, per gallon in order to obtain a slight improvement in brushing, Sherwin-Williams: The lead pigment has been reduced by using 25# leaded zinc oxide In place of 35# and by omitting basic carbonate white lead entirely, A.small proportion of calcium sulfate extender has been introduced. The oil Is now entirely linseed. It had previously been a blend of raw linseed with bodied soya and tung oil. The hiding and gloss have been increased, but the brush ing is poor - worse than before, Montgomery-Ward; The titanium oxide has been increased and there has"been a sYight reduction In the content of lead sulfate. There Is an Increase In hiding corresponding to the Increase of titanium oxide, Wilbur & Williams: The label reads "Rubberized Wood Bond White' House Paint", Fart of the vehicle is described as "Synthetic Copolymerized Oil", and part of the thinner Is aromatic. Among vehicles that have been promoted for house paint, this label would fit a styrene copolymer oil. The application properties are very bad because the paint sets up too quickly. Therefore it has not seemed worthwhile to determine the composition by chemical analysis. Hiding: ' The determination of hiding Is experimentally difficult, and the results are not precise. The determined hiding is taken as the spreading rate where the contrast ratio over black and white is 0,98, This is based on a straight line established In most cases a DUP030004674 by six Individual determinations0 Statistical analysis shows that the least significant difference between paints is 57 square feet per gallon in this determination, The difference that can be recognised in practice Is probably of the same order. The paints are listed in order of the experimentally determined hiding power in Table III, Owing to the large variation in the method, only three paints are significantly better in hiding than #40 White, although #40 White is below the middle of the list. The hiding for each paint has also been calculated by factors for the prime pigment taken from H, A, Gardner's "Chemical and Physical Examination of Paints", These factors ares Anatase Titanium Oxide Rutile Titanium Oxide Zinc Oxide Basic Carbonate White Lead Basic Sulfate White Lead Basic Silicate White Lead - - - 115 sq, ft, per lb. 144 " " " " 20 " " " " 15 " " " " 13 " " " " 15 " " " " The calculated values are shown in Table I, They agree fairly well with the determined values. Brushing; Brushing wa3 determined by actual trial on a clapboard panel with a five minute lapping time. The visual gloss and flash ing at the lap xsere determined on the same panel0 A measure of brushing by determining the change in con sistency as measured at 50 and 200 RPM on the modified Stormer Viscometer has been proposed and used in several laboratories0 Similar determinations were made on this set of paints, but the results do not correlate with practice, The qualitative results presented here are believed to be more significant. Drying: One drying test has been made on the competitive samples and a number of batches of the various modifications of #40 White under the normal condition of 77F<> and 50^ relative humidity. Results of thl3 test are shown in Table IV in the form of averages. Additional tests will be made at low and high temperature. The results of the tests will then be combined to show individual values for the separate paints. These results will be issued as a supplem entary report, ' Dust-free time has been determined by sifting a black pig ment onto the surface of the film and blowing it off. The dust-free time is the point at which the black pigment no longer adheres to the surface, DUP030004675 5 Tack-free time Is determined by the Atlas Tack Tester, The firm dry time is the time at which the film can be drawn under a rubber finger pressed down with a load of 2,000 grama without rupturing the film, This corresponds roughly to a breaking strength of 400 lb0 per square inch. Gloss: Instrumental gloss measurements are Influenced by the presence of brush marks In order to minimize the effect of brush marks, gloss measurements have been made at an 85* angle (glancing angle)o This does not entirely eliminate the effect of brush marks, as shown by comparison with the visual gloss ratings The instrumental measurements for all modifications of #4o White are lower than for any other house paint, although there are two other paints which have no higher gloss when rated visually Color: The paints have been rated visually for the order of wet color and the color of a freshly dried film These visual ratings are shown in Table I As a more permanent record of color, Spectrophotometrlc curves have been determined on the Beckman instrument These results have been combined into a single value showing the de parture of the paint from whiteness of magnesium oxlde0 This term is called the ''color difference", and the smaller the difference the whiter the paint The values for color difference are shown in Table V with the paints ranked in order of excellence The calculations are made according to a method of Scofield, Scientific Section Circular #664, July, 1943 Complete description of color would Include two other constants, the hue angle, and the saturation index. All paints were either yellow or red in tone toward magnesium oxide The original spectrophotometrlc curve was made against White Vitrollte as 100$ Magnesium oxide averages about 116^ as compared with Vltrolite Therefore, the color differences are calculated against magnesium oxide at approximately 116# For details of calculation, the notebook reference should be consulted. It should be understood that the determination of the color of a freshly dried film is an arbitrary method As soon as the paint is brushed out, two competing processes of yellowing and bleaching go on at rates depending on the drying conditions, part icularly the illumination For this investigation, films were measured after drying overnight in the laboratory In practice, house paints are always exposed to .the bleaching action of sunlight The whitest paint in this study, Devoe & RaynoIds One-Coat White, has been painted out aid by side with #40 White on a house; there Is no perceptible difference in color after several days drying. As exposure continues, the whiteness of the paint depends prin- DUP030004676 clpally on cleanliness and ha3 little relation to the Initial color* Table V shows all determinations made on various batches of the modifications of #40 White Statistical analysis shows no significant difference between the various batches; therefore all the values of 301-885, 887, 875, and 880 have been averaged to obtain a composite value for #40 White,, Examination of a larger number of batches would probably show small differences between the various codes lumped together here The color difference corresponds fairly well with the visual rating for the dry color of the fresh film One exception is the soya PE paint, 301-882; this has a high visual rating but a large color difference This paint has a definite red tone, and the calculation of the color difference is biased against the red end of the spectrum Similar color measurements were made in 1948 on a number of competitive white paints and on the then current modifications of #40 White, 301-864 and 301-863* These have been recalculated to a comparable basis and are shown in Table VI0 There has been an improvement In whiteness in #40 White between 1948 and 1949; most of this Improvement is accounted for by elimination of leaded sine oxide and by improvement in the extender There has also been a large improvement in the color of competitive paints Weathering Properties: Competitive paints were exposed in Series #9511 in 1947, Series #105^2 in 1948 Series 9511 is now 30 months old and Series #10562 is now 12 months old There are no significant results in durability from these exposures to date The results of Series #9511 will be somewhat erratic at best, since exposures in Delaware and Florida were made on a grade of white pine that shows wide panel variation, and there was no control of spreading rate or film thickness A significant comparison can be made between the clean liness of a limited number of competitive paints and 301-863, the modification of #40 White first introduced In 1947 The data are shown in Table VII The ratings are based on a scale where 10 Is perfect and 0 Is practically black One paint, Sherwin-Williams, is definitely cleaner than 301-863 and one paint, Sears-Roebuck, is definitely dirtier. All other paints are within the range of chance variation A larger number of competitive paints and several mod ifications of #40mWhlte containing soya oil are included in Series #10562 This series does not contain the 2C$ soya lead-free paint Sol-875, nor the all linseed paints 3OI-885 and 301-887 The data for the exposure Month vertical in Delaware are shown in Table VIII DUP030004677 8 Since there Is only one panel and one exposure, no definite con clusions are drawn,, There is Indication that the lead-free paint collects more dirt than the leaded zinc modifications during the first year of exposure$ when other series with similar comparisons are taken into consideration, the difference is not as large as it appears in Series #10562, This is being given further study by accelerated laboratory tests and more complete exposure study. Settling and Color of Supernatant Liquid: Early in 1949, it was observed that some samples of #40 White showed a deeper layer of supernatant liquid and had a darker color than a number of competitive paints. It was felt that this would be a drawback to sales. The rate of subsidence of the pig ment layer has been followed for the competitive paints and a number of batohes of various modifications of #40 White, The results are presented in Table IX, A number of competitive paints subside at about the same rate as #40 White, although there are many that subside much more slowly. The oil saving modification of #40 White also subsides more slowly. There have been no further comments on this particular property of the paint, and no action seems necessary. Exposure Studies; Paints in this report are exposed in Series.#11379, Previous exposure studies on competitive white house paints are #9511* 9666 (two-coat house paint systems) and Series #10562o rd Att, DUP030004678 TABLE I i il SUkkMY - PROPERTIES OK V.ilUL HOUSE PAINT _j1949.-50 Tfbfluct u40 V<hite Sfcormer Visse- Brushing Initial $ min.lap Visual 85"at lap ~lat4d mined Wet (See Discussion) ""T = 301-885 - lead free 301-887 - leaded 92 92 Obsolete and experimental 301-882 - Soya PE 92 301-875 - lead-free,20> Soya 92 301-880 - * * >35# 92 301-864 - Leaded, 20; soya 92 301-863 - " , 35* " 92 301-756 - Prewar 100 301-756 - Oil Saving 88 Competitive SR-43103 Sfl-yil3 SR-43255 bK-43381 BR-43165 SR-43166 oR-43094 8U-429I4 bR-43143 SR-43144 SR-43117 SR-43115 SR-43142 SR-43118 SH-43116 SR-43I4I SR-43114 -SR-43275 Bruder Cook Davis Devoe 547 Devoe One-Coat Fuller Glidden ^1800 Glidden rl867 Kyanize Hoore National Lead Pittsburgh Pratt t Lambert Sears Sherwin Williams Valspar Ward Wilbur & Williams 90 79 100 107 92 86 93 90 94 92 80 81 80 88 79 80 107 89 excellent Excellent tedium* it it . medium* Excellent Excellent tedium n it medium* it tedium* 11 it tedium* n it tedium* it 11 tedium* ' Poor High- Fair Fair High Excellent Fair V. Good Fair HifhHigh* Fair Poor High Poor Poor High* Fair Poor High Excellent Fair medium* Excellent Excellent Higjh + Good Fair High Fair Fair high* excellent Excellent tedium* V. Good Poor High Fair Poor High V. Good Poor High Fair Poor High* Excellent Poor , High- Excellent Excellent High Poor * High* a hone 2711 44 " 279 i 29 Slight 262 35 None 271 41 " 271 34 " 275 50 * 275 45 " 260: 56 Slight 260 a Hone - 54 Slight 267 67 Hone 264 77 Hone 281 70 None 465 61 Hone - 50 definite 235 71 Hone 331 51 Slight 1$3 60 Hone 281 a50 Hone 286 Hone 302 53 Hone 250, 59 None 273 71 Hone 247 47 Slight 244 68 Slight 275 63 * 348 265 8 to 9 275 8 to 10 -9 267 8 to 9 - 7 to 8 m 11 . 10 -5 -4 300 5 280 1 275 4 -2 405 3 230 4 285 9 315 4 230 4 285 2 310 3 330 7 270 4 270 5 340 6 225 9 310 5 -1 * SK-43275 will not lap after 5 minutes. It piles up. DUP030004679 ORDER 01? HIDINGS SPu l ADING RATE AT CONTRAST RATIO 0*98 (Difference must be greater than 57 aqoft*/gal* to be statistically significanto Each value taken from at least 6 observations* Standard deviation of a single observation 43 sq0ft p/gal*) * Product Square feet per gal,, Bill I ||* SR-43165 Devos & Raynolds One Coat SR-43116 axerwia-Williams SJR-43115 Pittsburgh SR-42914 Glidden #166? SK-43H7 National Lead SR-43114 Ward Sk -43103 Bruder . SR=43094 Glidden #1800 SR-43144 Moore SR-43113 Gook SR-432 5 5 Davis 301-877 Batch 815112 - #40 White. linseed* leaded zinh SR-43118 Sears SR-43142 Pratt & Lambert 301=875 Batch 836929 - #40 White* 20jb soya8 lead-free 301-885 M 815191 = " " .linseed,- " SR=43l-43 Kyanize SR-43166 Puller SR-43141 Valspar 405 340 330 315 313 310 300 285 285 280 275 275 270 267 267 265 230 230 225 DUP030004681 TABLE 17 AVERAGE DRYING TIME BlMDfaH NORMAL CONDITIONS {776F,, 50% Rela Corrected to 2o0 i Product 301=885 ~ All linseed.,, lead-free NOo of Specimens 3 Dust Free ,hr0 6o3 Tack: Free hr. 11.3 Firm UrT 25.0 301-887 - All linseeds leaded zinc 2 9.0 101,5 22.0 301=875 - 20# soya, lead-free (obsolete) 3 8 o0 I4o0 22.7 301=880 - 35^ " " " (obsolete) 3 8,7 14 c 7 24.3 Average - #40 White 7.9 12.8 23.6 a h Competitive. 17 9.5 20 o 5 21.7 Standard Deviation 3.0 3 cl 3=9 Difference - #40 White vs0 Competitive - hours Probability of chance variation 106 7.7 1.9 2W> less than 1% 20% Significance not aig= #40 White not s nificant better nifica DUP030004682 TABLE V ORDER OF INITIAL WHITENESS Color Difference of Fresh Dry Films vs Magnesium Oxide Statistically significant difference: Versus #40 White average-069 Between individual values-1Q Standard Deviation: 0,^1 Product Color Difference SR-43165 - Devoe & Reynolds One-Coat SR-43275 - Wilbur & Williams SR-43381 - Devoe & Reynolds #547 SR-43113 - Cook SR-43166 - Fuller SR-43144 - Moore SR-42914 - Olldden #1867 SR-43255 - Davis SR-43117 - National Lead SR-43103 - Bruder 301-875 Batch 846647 - #40 White - 20# Soya, lead-free P-301-R-53835 - Oil Saving 301-756 #40 White SR-43114 - Ward SR-43116 - Sherwln-VJ 111 lama -high polymer oil SR-43226 - Sherwln-willlama-soya/tung oil SR-43143 - Kyanlze 301-875 Batch 836929 - #40White - 20# soya, lead-free 301-875 Batch 865717 * #40White - 20# soya, lead-free SR-43142 - Pratt & Lambert 301-875 Batch 926440 - (P-301-R-33985) #40 White - 20# soya, lead-free 301-880 Batch 855681 - #40 White - 35# soya, lead-free 301-885 Batch 815162 - (P-3OI-R-62912) #40 White - linseed, lead-free 30I-88O Batch 916754 - #40White - 35# soya, lead-free 301-880 Batch 836739 - #40White - 35# soya, lead-free SR-43118 - Sears SR-43115 - Pittsburgh 301-885 Batch 815269 - {P-301-R-62912) #40 White, linseed, lead-free Average - Current #40 White (301-885* 887# 875* 880) 301-887 Batch 801569 - #40 White - linseed, leaded 301-863 Batch 964609 - #40 White - 35# soya, leaded SR-43094 - Olldden #1800 301-885 Batch 815191 (P-301-R-62912) #40 White,linseed lead-free SR-43141 - Valspar 301-882 Batch 884811 - Soya PE P-301-R-53837 - Prewar 301-756 #4o White 301-864 Batch 945523 - #40 Whit - 20$ soya, leaded 301-887 Batch 865717 - #40 White - linseed, leaded 301-875 Batch 836929 - #40 White - 20# soya, lead-free 2 32 242 249 280 289 294 3o00 ,15 ,22 >29 ,38 ,42 ,42 51 53 354 357 3o58 36i 3o 66 =68 ,69 ,69 >73 >74 ,78 ,84 .87 4,01 4,08 4,11 4 13 4,21 423 4,30 431 DUP030004683 TABLE VI CHANGE IN COLOR OP WHITE HOUSE PAINT SINCE 1948 COLOR DIFFERENCE VS0 MAGNESIUM OXIDE luct tO White 301-885 average of 3 301-887 - average of 2 301-875 - average of 5 301-880 - average of 3 301-864 - (average of 2 In 1948) 301-863 Bruder Davis Devoe & Reynolds #547 Devoe & Reynolds One-Coat (Hidden #1800 Moore National Lead Sears Ward igfeso 3o84 4,,07 369 3 68 4,23 3 087 3 29 3 15 2049 2o 32 4o01 2o 94 3 22 3 73 342 1948 4,88 4 a 24 4ol8 4 089 4o05 2.62 512 4o 53 4011 4o 17 4 <,55 DUP030004684 TABLE VII CLEANLINESS OP WHITE HOUSE PAINTS - PAINTS EXPOSED BOTH IN 1947 AMP 1 Product 301-863 #40 White - 35$ soya, leaded-zinc 301-756 Prewar #40 White Bruder . Devoe & Raynolds #547 Moore . National Lead Pittsburgh Sears Sherwln-Wi11lams Panel imr sz22n .S-10562 SrJ?5.n.r, 30 gQs. 45 So 45"S 0 SV- Fla 0 Pelo Pel. 19 2 6.0 77 8.9 1 20 6.8 7.7 80S 13 3 6aJ 7c 2 9ol 9 7 60O 7o3 8.5 8 12 7o 6.8 8.8 11 13 7o5 7.5 8.9 6 14 6,8* 6o 9 8,9 7 15 6o 2 6.6 8.5 10 17 7o6 8.7 8.7 * Panels damaged during flood; 6.8 is average all other panels ef th Standard Deviation Q3T Significant difference between averages = 0.5 t abl e: v iix CLEANLINESS OF WHITE HOUSE PAINTS IN SERIES #10562 Delaware North Vertical - 12 Months Product Panel Minim Clean 301-864 Batch 955090 - #40 White - 20$ soya, leaded zinc 301-863 Batch 995615 - #40 White - 35$ " "" P-301 -IW29147 Similar to 301=880 - 35$ soya, lead-free P-301-R-24100 " " n - 35$ 11 "" P-301-Pi-14755 Similar to 301-882 - Soya, PE 301-756 Prewar #40 White SR-42334 - Bruder SR-42368 - Cook SB-42338 - Cutler SR-42364 - Davis SR-42363 - Devoe & Reynolds #547 SR-42308 - Devoe & Raynolds One-Coat SR-42333 - Felton Sibley SR-42365 - Glidden #1800 SR-42546 - Glidden #1867 SR-42337 - Kyanize SR-42362 - Moore SR-42352 - National Lead SR-42335 - Pittsburgh Plate Glass SR-42553 - Rockcote SR-42366 - Sears Roebuck SR-42339 - Sherwin-Williams 40$ Soya/tung SR-42336 - Sherwin-Williams (old all linseed) SR-42358 - Montgomery Ward 1 6,5 2 6, 23 6, 22 6, 25 7= 20 6, 3 6= 4 6, 5 6, 6 r 6, 6, 8 6, 9 6, 10 6, 19 60 11 6, 12 6, 13 6, 14 7= 27 7= 15 6, 16 6, 17 6, 18 6, DUP030004686 Standard Deviation (from Table VI) 0,37 Significant difference between averages : 1,0 TABLE IX Code RATE OF SUBSIDENCE OP WHITE HOUSE PAINT Deecrlptlon # Depth # Depth 12A3/49-11 days 1/3/50-1 Mo. # Dept Y3/50 301-875-BC-836929 301-875 BC-846647 301-875 BC-865717 301-875 BC-875566 #40 Len ad-free 20it# sonya n 11 tt it nnnn P-301-R-33985 BC-926440 n n n it 301-880 BO-836739 301-880 BC-85568I 301-880 BO-916754 n* - w" 35n# "n w n n ti P-301-R-53835 (301-756) Oil Saving #40 P-301-R-53837 (301-756) Prewar #40 SR-42914 (Hidden #1800 SR-43094 (Hidden #1867 SR-43103 Bruder SR-43113 Cook ' SR-43114 Ward SR-43115 Pittsburgh SR-43116 Sherwin-Williams SR-4311I National Lead SR-43118 Sears SR-43141 Valspar SR-43142 Pratt ft Lambert SR-43143 Kyanlze SR-43144 Moore SR-43165 SR-43166 Devoe ft Raynolds One-Coat Puller 3# 3# 1.5# 1# 2# 2# 2# 0.5# 0.5# 2# 2# 1#^ 0.5# -g 0.5# 0.5# 3# ^ 0.5# g 3# g 0# 0.5# 0# 10# 8# 2# 2# 3# 9# 8# 3# 2# 6# 3 g g 8 5# V. 10# g g 3# 2g 20# 6# 8# 8# 21# 21# 10# V ig lg 18# 10# 16# 25# 20# lg 15# 2g 10# 16# DUP030004687