Document yqvXdKRDjjJDpkpL0dJbmv0D

FILE NAME: Caterpillar (CAT) DATE: 1953 DOC#: CAT007 DO CUM ENT DESCRIPTION: Published Article from 41st National Safety Congress - Metals Industry Other Volumes in this Series Users o f this volume will And much value in its companion volumes. H ere is the list: TITLE VOLUME No. General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes................................*.............. ............. 1 Aeronautical In d u s trie s .................. ............................... . .......... ............. ..................................... 2 Air Transport In d u s try ............................. 3 Automotive and Machine Shop Industries..................................................................................... 4 Cement and Quarry In d u stries....................................................................................................... 5 Chemical Industries ..................................... ......................... ......................................... .............. 6 Coal Mining Industry ............................................... 7 Construction Industry .....................................................................................................- .............. $ Electrical Equipment Industry........................................................................................ 9 Farm S a f e ty ........................................... '.......................................................................................... 10 Fertilizer !n d u * try ...................................................................................... 11 Fvl Industry ................................................................................................ 13 C l - ami Ceramic? Industry.......................................... , ........................, ............................... t.: H'ffr.c Safety .................................................................................................................................... U IniltKtrinI N'ursing ................................................. . ............................................................... .. 15 Industrial Suhjeci 5e*sim< ( S/Fn<-rred l>y A S S K )......................................... ........................ 1* Maritime Industrie* (M arine Section)...................... ................................................................. IT Meat Packing. Tunning and Leather Industrie*.......... ,............ ................................................. 1' Meiai- Industry ......................................................... ....................................................................... Mtuitvj Industry ....................................................... ................... . ........ ................................2>'* Mnmr Transportation lnUu^ry R 'onm ierrtal Vehicle S ection).............................................21 Petroleum Industry ............................. .............................................. .............. ............................22 Pim er Press and Forging Oiiernticms................................................. .......................................... 2.: I'rimir.p and Publishing Industry................................................................................................... 24 PtiMir Employment (Public Employee* Safety Committee)...................................................25 Public Utilities industries........................................................ .....................................................2o Pulp and Paper Industry............................................................... .................27 Railroad Industry* ............................................................................ ................................................ 2* RuM*er Industry ................................... ................................................................. ........................ 29 cV*>l and College Safety.................................................... ..........................................................V> Textile Industry ......................................................................... ............. ...................... ............ . 51 Tnunc Safety . .............. ............... ............. ................ ............................... .. 32 TmtiMt Industry- ............................. 35 WrfKl Products Industrie................................................................................................................ *4 Safety and Us Relationship to Personality..................... X PRICES O P EXTRA C O PIE S VOLUME SIZE t to 9 copies Each Less than 24 p a g e s - $029 24 to 48 pages-- 35 49 to 96 pages-- .46 Over 96 pages-- .69 O F INDIVIDUAL VOLUM ES T O 10 to 99 copies Each 100 to 999 copits Each $023 $0.17 29 23 .40 JS .63 38 MEMBERS 3000 or mart Each $0.17 23 35 38 Complete set of Transactions (35 vols ) --$6.90 ( t to 9 copies), 630 (10 to 99 copies). 5.70 (100 o r more copies). NOV-M EM BER prices are double member prices, except volumes 10. 14, 30 and 32. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 NORTH MICHIGAN AYE CHICAGO 11. ILL $ IMI2SJ02 V O L U M E 19 1953 T R A N S A C T I O N S Current Safety Topics in the METALS INDUSTRY as presented in sessions of the Metals Section at the 41st National Safety Congress Our Best Safetyidea for 1953: Steel Plants 5 Our Best SafetyIdea for 1953: Foundries & Our Best SafetyIdea for 1953: Non-ferrous 7 Teamworfc in Safety 8 Management and Labor Partners in Safety 9 Is Investigation of First Aid Cases Worthwhile? 10 Lessons from Investigation of Fires 12 fConi/ntfcd on ntxt page) N AT IO N AL SAFETY COUNCIL * 425 North M ichigan Avenue * Chicago 11 III. M .1Jetais Industry Fuzzy combustible fibrous materials val also sptcad flame quickly across their sur faces. From these two extremes We enn scale down through many types o materials to those which are basically incombustible. The differences are great and appearance/ can be misleading. Combustible fibrous m ate rials can be painted to slow down the rate of flame spread across their surfaces. F o r tunately. many of these materials have l*cen examined and tested in the "Tunnri Test** of Underwriters Laboratories. Inc., and the resulting data is readily accessible, Thi* data can be very helpful in reaching con clusions a t to the probable method of flame spread. There is another factor which explains some o f the rather mysreriou quick' Trend ing fires that witnesses *o often testify leaped across a room or corridor. This ithe so-called "fiashovc?" characteristic whtrh has been observed in numerous test. It i* closely related to room temperature. Obervations of test fires show tl-at lctwcett -100 degrees F. and 500 degrees F, furniture ignites without flame contact, but when the room temperature reaches the vicinity of 600 degrees F. to 700 degrees F. a "flashover" frequently occurs, and the entire raom appears to burst into flame at once. Th is probably the explanation of e tc witness stories of flames which seemingly leap across a room or down a corridor with express train speed At this point I would like to interject one of my pet gripe.. That i the term `flash fire." Newspaper reporter* a!I use the term as if they knew what it m eant! The public has seen the term so often that they think they know wltnt it mean*. U n fortunately I don't know what it meins, and I wish ornenc would let me in on the secret. I have talked to many fire investi gators and have yet to find one who can define the term. Any one of the fire situa tions I dceril*cd a few minutes ago could he termed a flash-fire. So misht a low gas-air explosion or flame racing through the vapor of flammable liquid, Ahhmich each one of these situation* it different fand we must recognize tho*e difference* to trace down the source"), we are allowing them all to be lumped under the term. "fla*h-fire." Don't ever accept this description from a wJtnei! Instead, continue to question him concerning color of flame, position of flam*, smoke present, odors and noises, if any. Another due helpful in tracing a fire tc. its point of origin are the signs which point to its direction of travel. In a Chicago disaster, fire and explosion raced across the third floor of a factory. A s it went i; burned only one side of each pillar and I'cam, Careful examination of structural member, as in this ease, frequently will -how more and deeper charring consistently "it the same side, which gives a clear indientirei oi the direction the fire was traveling M'vinc under draft conditions, it does no; tend }, reach back and burn the reverse -ide of each structural ricml*cr but tends P leaf on to the next exposed surface. ^ ith the preceding information, we a n frequently aMe to trace the fire hack to i: point e t ori sin. Thett. from point of evi. donee previously di*eu**cd. we can pu* together the circumstance which hrouc1" ioirether combut;Me material* and n ourvi* of ignition. If it trace* hack tn a fumar** morn, for example, we can reach concai, rinn* as to whether or <*t there wa ertr- baftililc material cloc enough tn the hc.v ounce Combining this with our knowledge >f ignition temperatures of comm,'n m ate rial*. it i* prtihJe to determine how the ire Maned. Thi* ix critical point in ..ur search for the fire cause, because many, it n*i mo?*, investigli":!* stop here and die. The ver dict "fire frm faulty beatine ciuipincr.!,*' n "nre due to electrical defen in base ment." The important if we ate to lean: .i:ntl;inc for the future. * "why?** \Vh> lid *hc furnace overheat? Wlutt hapfcicd to the controls? Why? W hat caused the ricaricai system to overheat? Why didrt* the fu*e ct over current device prevent it? \ cry often the answer is there, partial* !rrly in those first few moment after the tire, iicfnre anything is touched. I have laid great stres* on the crurinecr/m* rea*-ns why this information i * needed, hut isere is another and perhaj* even, more inv (^ri:it:t factor involved and that is "arson " ft every fire was carefully investigated, it Wi*uM !< .c <: the greatest possible deter* rent to nr*cn Since thi* is no: an arson meeting, I have leaned over backwards to stay away irom the subject. However, u study of fire causes and arson inevitably The Fourth Dimension in Safety IS | . me together. Uonb imrposes could be ad- It is equally as important to investigate --irably served by greater caiplusis on the small industrial href and classify and tabu ^termination of the cause o f every' tire and late the results as it is to probe major catas why a failure occurred. I believe that pho- trophes. O ur m ajor industrial fires were all : graphs taken o f the suspected point of small incidents at one stage of their devel rigm or every fire would We of inestimable opment. By understanding thoroughly the value. conditions which allow small fires to de When an explosion oceurys., it U even velop we will automatically eliminate m ajor tc important to immedisteiy obtain and catastrophes. *ecord im jortant in formation which could the la*** tf future engineering chans-1 ror c-\:.fnple. some time ago an explosion .'curred in a gas fired ovtu. Tins oven 'vus equipped with complete safety eomhus* :jon controls, hut nevenhele* it was fliviou. <{:.u flame failure occurred an.j the ira* valve failed to close. W hy? btfi-rc an mvestjeacould be tro.de a maiatcnav.cc man dis- nantlcd the control* The result; We .ill nc\er know w hat p an " t that *>.*:err failed -sntil the next one hh.w*: and then vimpme ay pay with hi* life This U a plea fo r careful, painstaking fire iflcctiipatt'.ns of all fire*, not ju s t thoe in which there is a suspicion of arson! ] am certain that ~uch a program will turn up u k*t m'-rc ?u*piciou* fire? than we are nw recording. 1 find it very difficult to di*tlncrut?h letween the "criminal** arsonUt who f$t$ a arc deliberately, and let us say the "in- voluntary** arsonist " h o allows a fire hazard to exist despite repeated waminu? and rccommendatk*. In each case the end result W ta t can we expect then a result of ::ve init,4t**$:ii:ion-r Pr]*erJ> and carefully is the same, a disastrous fire. Only in the etc oa-c the time i* definitely -ct in advance :alc it c> will provide ti wj:h the ilia A tsc)i publicized program o i ihorntsql; hat " ill .):i vv ii:t failure* in '-:sf tr.v dynt 'vch.n.I'vjj . Armed with :Id* inf*rrtt:iti'-n av w::j be in a 1-. a t** determine he 'v-v.uvk twedvi : ir--r.tr1 n? unuMjn! fire , r blew- and s,Uu hidblipht r.ur rel:,. ixtly -trr.pie arc jrnblern* t.1.;*? arc l.trgciy ! mtittrr <i hu-n:n :ailurv investigation- o f every fire U tound t lit. courage |>.th t$*pc* of arvrttifts prcviiiu-]y Ic-cnbtd. This, in itScli. " ill le a big tep forw ard: in addition, we will be obtaining data to enable u s to make the engineering changes necessary to make thi- a afor world in which to work ;.nd live. The Fourth Dimension in Safety By FR ED C. PR E S C O T T Asst. Dir., Employee Relations. Caterpillar T ractor Co.. Peoria, 1U. You have all seen three dimension mwic* :-.nd probably have done some talking with your friends about the possibility of three limcnrif'n tctcvjpion reccptiiti in the future. For years we have known at*out. talked .tlo;u, and worked with the familiar tlirec \iimcndoTt* m satety--cduirohort, cn/orivwsr.t and erffimertKs. 1 would hkc t> talk alx.ut the iounh dimension of safety. This fourth dimension it ,T,thusiGsm~ihc one that gives ihe other three their Teal driving power. If I could draw a picture showing these dimensionl would make m lhujiajtn the base by which the other three are supjoried. Without en thusiasm. any of th e other three dimension? would fall flat on their faces. Yes. cnthu<ia*m would have to be the base -hut it i|o can't help Icing a vr.nl part of each oi the other dimension*. Imagine, if you can. trying to carry out m*y educational p ro g ram without it. It would be like shooting v o u r fireworks in the rain. Regardless or how pretentious your display, the whole thing w ould be bound to fizzle out. Chances a re good you wouldn't even get your instructor off the ground. And without an enthusiastic build-up pepperith* the w a\. let me a sk y o u : How ta r into a* of all our fine safety books, articles. : 16 Metals Industry pamphlets do you think \sc`<l ever get a reader? And could you imagine an cniurccmcm program without your exiforcL-meni m m glowing with enthusiasm? Suppose they merely quoted die rule, dryly pointed out the hazard, and routinely told the offender how many had been injured by such vio lations. Do you dunk tor a minute the offender is going to beat his chest and rrlnt ? Chances arc you'd ha\ c to wake him up at least once during your discourse, and I dare say you'd liavc a liard time keeping awake yourseli. No, you don't get very ta r in jo u r enforcement program wjihr*ut en thusiasm. Now this enthusiasm lia> tu carry over even to vour engineering, Saietv engineer ing isn't a dry matter o f rules and principles and problem-solving. I'nlcss you've got real enthusiasm about making an operation sate, or improving an existing situation, your engineering can't reflect your best efforts. Vcur ideas will be weak-kneed because you didn't have enthusiasm enough to help de velop them all the way. The bes-t safety ideas are bom when enthusiasm conceive them, promotes them, and triumphantly carries them through to fulfillment. Granted wc need enthusiasm. How do we get it? The only answer I know* is tough to wallow; a.v iterate our outi. Enthusiasm comes from die top down and it is as con tagious as the measles. You can't drive, shove, or coax it up from the bottom. Just as an illustration, suppose you plan a meet ing on fire prevention. Sure, every October is Fire Prevention Month. Tliat makes it easy--nothing to prepare, just get out last 'cars notes and dust them off. The same uld notes are reworked, a new date placed on them, and five minutes before the meeting starts they are handed to the leader. 1*11 wager the meeting will go* something like this: "Yes, it's October again--another meeting on lire prevention. Let's see. fe l lows : 1. Fires are costly: 2. fires put a lot i*f jtcople out of w o rk ; i fires could cause loss oi Hie *, 4 fires are really bad things and we mu*l all do our best to eliminate them at their source. Now let's hear from you fellows on this all important subject of fires." In this pre- entation, in dits example, there has ben: a complete lack of our fourth dimension enthusiasm, and because of that, the meetiru.* has suffered How different it would have beet; if sonu good, thoughtful preparation had gone int< this meeting. A short color movie, if the facilities were available, color slides, model* audience jorticipation. I f you Jusve mthu~ siasrn you'll fla n and you'll conduct a to jnotch meeting. it was o u t fault that we let a conference leader wilt on the vine. Wc injected ver;, little enthusiasm in his part o the program {'copie didn't Cum to o u t meetings asv; when they rune, they slept. In the past tw< year we have been working hard with meet* ing to give them sparkle, were* and a r.vw look. Starting rigm at the top. wc took a deep interest in the program, bought a magnetiprojector, made two sound movies, prepare! fundriut.e fo r our meetings; put showman ship in the presentations, uring flannt Itoard. blackboards, slides, and other aid( hir attendance at th o c meetings during lia past year has doubled. Entkxuuism brought the full house. At J'coria. we have an expression, "Fut handles on it." In other words, give u some thing we can think about and possibly use Now let's try and put handles on the fourth dimension, which in our opinion, is mo: important and mut le a part of a ready successful safety program. How do you in ject this into a program U it is not already present in the desired amounts? 1. Start at the top and radiate this enthu siasm fo r the all im|urxani work y*i: are doing. Be the example setter for this chain reaciion of enthusiasm. 2. Mercliandise your product. It's a gooJ one. Fut it in attractive new- packages .lust because it's old stuff, don't w rap it in a nett spaiKX when all others are usine modem, colorful, plastic coverings. j. Give proper credit. Others along the . Une can't become enthusiastic is they never are recognized in the iorm ox a "thank you" for good safety performance. Results in this field arc achieved through the efforts of many people and way mu*! be found to thank them, either through personal letters, a personal thank you. a story In the employee paper, the local newspapers, or some other method. rv Prsentation o f d u v r d s 17 - S o one c m get enthusiasm when they are talking ak iu t w hat's wrong. Ami things are wrong when accidents are happening. Bui emphasize what is right Don't dwell on the fact that two per cent if the jeople had accidents. S o otic out get enthusiastic about th a t But they can certainly get fired up w ith the statement that 98 per cent o f the people are doing thing* right and didn't get hurt. Scrap isn't reduced nearly a* effective)} when j*eople arc told how much crap t produced each shift a< when they are told how many good pieces arc produced Safety people have a tough job in tin* a f because they are always talking tu jo-pic when somethin is wrong so it i< ea-y tc get into the habit of thinking and talking in negative terms. P*c on guard against thi and emphasize the tiling tliat are rigid in a positive manner ? Changing jei*ple around in y*ur u n ; afetv organization can l* a g<v.d way u* generate enthusiasm fo r new atgn* mem. ' To be enthusiastic jo y nni*t h:nc an <!** jeetive tn view and thoroughly cnjf.\ >*tir pursuit of that objective. Settle a purj",,4e and drive to that gal tvhatcM** it 1". T If yrnt don't k ite cn:lsi:*ta*;i:. :rt : learn the renons why. and in so Jmtte. you may learn that emiiuriasm i leing held in cheek tn circinr.itr.ncc- whiVl: can 1< corrected. * IV.n't y.vj l*c mult} >m" ktihru: ~.ir.c nv-`- enthusiasm by failing to reject back to them about \ritt happened to their idea or pTOjcCt. > A group of trained safety people whu arc itiiillc*1 msilt the feeling o f K \ n n in ; on the team can accomplish more result1* faster than any similar group who only have the te o rk f o r m oney feeling. An enthusiastic working safeiv teams pav off. 10. In the end. if you cannot find or gen erate enthusiasm, it might be well to seek <otne other line of work. For your own K<od. find something in which you can l<oci*.e enthusiastic, fo r enthusiasm i- one of the important elements of succs. I remvmltcr a tory of a famou trapeze artit who wa instructing his students how to perform on the high bar. Finally, haring given iull explanation and instructions, he told them tn demonstrate thetr ability. One student, looking up at the insecure trch upon which he must perform. wa* suddenly filled with fear. He froze com* plctelv. He had a terrifying vision of him* *clf falling ',r, the ground. H e couldn't rn<-.ve n roucle. *`l can't do it ! 1 can't do it !", he gasped. T h e mstmetur put hi? arm around the ! yV houWcr and said. " Son. you can do it. and I will tell you how." Then he made a wte Maternent. H e said, "Throw y*ur heurt over the Kir and your body trill i*lbiw." Tl:at remark g a te the novice the in centive he needed Kcmemhcr that sentence. Put your hear: in!.>\,*ur aeirzity P u t y o u r h eart in to detcr- miritnc y o u zcar.t to oo end u-t-.ct you t-' do. .\fake it so important to yon that y-u will not take no fo r an anwcr H \tc: the best, not the U'orst. h is what ! in v-urr heart, either pood o r had, strong o r v.c:k. t l t t t t o n a l l y a n d fin a lly c o m 4 t.* y .ii. If } u want :i good program you'l1 get it / ; y *m :ori ci it tfitk sincere entlm.-iesr- Presentation of Awards By W . J. M. REDW OOD Safety Snpvr.. Industrial Relations D ept, Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd.. Sau3t Ste. Marie. Ontario, Canada I hs\e puri'i-ely included the Indie in twy salutation. They are definitely part of our *ucce as a safety organization. 1 panicu* Iarly re fe r to mothers and wives who give us not only the incentive to work safely nurelw. In the inspiration the} give \i> :* guard and guide the manpower of industry. S aten tm lancer connine it* acthitics i* the foundries o f a plant, it overflows into the surrounding communities. Safety is a con-