Document ypo9mN4R5yL32DVwyDgyv8Dy4

E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY KREBS PIGMENTS DEPARTMENT 256 VANDERPOOL STREET NEWARK, NEW JERSEY Copy No. K8-44-31 / LIBRARY COPY , ; '.........'.... 1a t A / T . Period Covered: NEWARK PLANT PIGMENT COLOR RESEARCH REPORT Fin.?2 Report Review of Dark Red ood Maroon Pigments MftrCtt 1} 1944 to April 25> 1944* `X Njaess FILE: DATE: 173.03 May 4, 1944 N39984 Serial Bo* 8-44-31 Copy Bo. / Copy tot #1 - Numerical Flic 2 - HResearch Office (173.03) 3 - Litberraary File JX73.03) 4 - H? ? 1* Bolton/O. H. Parker* Newark 45 -. Imperial Chema ical Industries, Ltd* 7- * s 8 - Hr. C. H R^ppreetet, Wilmington (ICI File) 9 - e*tra-D6lOm a-sa-vr 10 - *(fV'--W f* - 2 3 ^ 11 - B1WASK PLANT PXGM1S8T COLOR RESEARCH REPORT Final Report TITLE* Review of Park Red and Karocxi Pipwnta PERIOD COTmSOt March 1, 1944 to April 25, 1944* mt s mmanm April 2$, 1944 N39984.01 DUP050150287 ULfi-SJE JMiariasMm fcmulMvaaamwira jaft, X. Standard Dark Reds & Maroons A- RT-525-D RT-499-D RT-500-D RT-347-D RT-521-D RT-436-D Hello Fast Rublne 4BL B- Thlolndigoid Maroons IX. Experimental Products A- Precipitated Pigments B- Pigment Dyestuffs C- Experimental Thlolndigoid Maroons III Competitive Pigments A- Baphthanil Types B- Dark Toluidine Red Toners C- Lake Bordeaux B Types D- Thlolndigoid Maroons E~ Hello Past Bublne Types XT. Commercial Automotive Red & Maroon Finishes T. General A- Pigment/Binder Study B~ Durability of Blends of Standards C- Sales end Transfers, 1940-1943 Inclusive VI Experimental Details MtXmUUL RT-292-D RP-293-D RP-294-D RX-347-D RT-354-0 RT-427-D RT-436-D ESJS& 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 3 5 4 6 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 15 15 15 16 10, 11 10 5,10,11,12, 13.14.16.17 3i?- i: i* 5.7.1.9.15.17 4, 10 3,4,7,12,13, 14,15,16 DUP050150288 Index (coat'd) Bf-500-X) BT-501-D Rt-503-0 BT-505-D Bf-521-O Bf-525-0 BS~135-P Jtt-153-P Y0-26Q-E S-469-D IP~173- Page 4^ X0| 16 4) 0 5^ 6, 8, 11 4,5,1106,12,13,14, 2*3,6,7,13,14, 15,16 5, 17 9, 17 15 16 16 DUP050150289 -2 mmmwm* Slno 1941, the study oh' red. aid maromf^e^automotlv finishes has been greatly curtailed. For several years prior to that date, however, a laboratory progress devoted to improving end evaluating standard pigments aid exploring for new products was eratlamoualy carried os. faring the period 1941 to tho present a large number of test panels have remained on outdoor exposure aid as a result a considerable body of durability information is now available, on both our own end competitive products* It is now possible to carry out an overall survey and to summarise tho status on rod and maroon piponts, both standard and experimental* It is also proposed in this report to review the standard line with respect to the following factors! 1. Color range and durability 2. Utility 3* Customer reactions 4* Comparisons with competition 5. Weaknesses* Data on experimental products of interest because of exceptional color, durability or lower cost also will be examined. In general, the report covers only information gained by high spot examination of exposure panels, Other pigments of interest may be revealed when more detailed analysis of tho various ex posure series is made* Commercial automotive finishes available In 1941 have been analysed aid evaluated. These system* have beat compared for durability with matches using standard pignsnt*. The remits of this work are now available and will bo reported. 1*1/*' mi ,i CPB&flglPM* A- In general, toe color rang# required for tho automotive flold appears to bo fairly wall covered by the organic products discussed below except in too light red range where a durable non bleeding pigment Is still lacking aid except for a standardised tolelttdige maroon of acceptable properties. The standard line covers too speotrun from too depth of a para red to the dark maroon abide exemplified in the fake Bordeaux B pigments. RT-525-D. (Manganeae^Lithosol* Bed 2B) is in the color range of medium cadmium red. It is non-bleeding, possesses acceptable durability in alkyd and nitrocellulose systems for both single DUP050150290 -3- pigment and metallic formulations. It hat satisfactory resist ance to baking, an important consideration in synthetic formu lations. Even though it is stronger and store opaque than the medium cadmium red. it encounters strong competition with the latter because of its higher cost. The F&F Department has confirmed the acceptable durability of this standard la both Buoo and Dolus. Slashed Mason have indicated that the pigment is one of the more light- fast of the non-bleeding reds. It is of interest to that company also because of oxeellent gloss, baking stability and superior opacity versus cadmium rod. Tbo Area Company wore considering including the standard in the "mew machine line* of reflnlshing formulations. The f*sF Department, Philadelphia, state, however, that at the present time they can see only minor use for the pigment unless it la prleed at the level of the cadmium reds, nevertheless, the superior properties of strength, opacity and gloss definitely maintain interest in B9-225-D, . iManganese "Lithosol" Ruhine 3G) m=M a me darker companion color to BS-525-D. It la in the eolor rings of cadmium maroon and is more durable than the lattes. Dike the latter it la non-bleeding when over- striped with mite. It darkens considerably en exposure in laoguers and therefore its use would be limited in this vehicle. In synthetics, however, its durability is satisfactory bom in full shades and In blends with metalllcs mod other pigments of similar durability. An outstanding defeat is its poor resistance to baking. Modifications of the formula (e.g. K-130f) to im prove baking resistance have been made mid the results are promising. The f&P Department, Philadelphia, considers BT-499-D as one of the key pigments in their line, cook Paint & famish Company are considering formulations of it with a lake Bordeaux B pigment as a replacement for the thlolndigo-oadaium red combin ations, which were used in most of the synthetic automotive finishes of 1941. Blends of RT-499-D with RT-347-D, with or without a mall amount of iron oxide, appeared to have sales promotional possibilities in the formulation of trim paints but the high cost per gallon, probably would limit its extensive use. Mo competitive counterpart has been seen on the market. Thepatant pesitlem on -BS-5M9-D and- MT-499-D appears- to be------excellent* These products are covered in U.8*r.-2,229,665, assigned to the Du Pent Company. DUP050150291 ~kr _ (Para-ehlor-ortfce-nitre-inlliae --> Rapfathanil AS) la slightly lifter than BS-499-0* Being a pigment dyestuff It bleeds into white overstripe* However, it is durable in single pigment and bleed formulations la both nitrocellulose and alkyd finishes. It is similar to an earlier produet, 9-492-0 (metenitro-para~toluidina-*Naphthenil AS-) but unlike the latter, has shown no reactivity in lkyd formulations, ike 9-492-0 it enhanees in sane eases the durability of pigments blended with It* A darker modification* 9-501-0, Is also of Interest due to its acceptable durability in both alkyd and lacquer, It is reactive in synthetics end therefore of limited application, Beans have bees found to reduce this reactivity but color value has been harmed by their application* At the present time the deficiencies of KT-501-0 appear to rule it out of a standard line* . MMUSfag (Manganese Lake Bordeaux B) is the well known light color member of this class. Its principal competitor on the market is Barmom Color Company** Victoria Barocn of the same chemical composition. Although satisfactory in single pigment formslatici^ln both lacquer and alkyd, its durability In mataXXios is questionable, it Is durable In certain specific combinations with other pigments and earn be used suceesafhlXy in formulating certain automotive maroons in the synthetic field. It has alse shown sons promise in blends with KE-499-0 in Burgundy shades of trim paints but the high cost per gallon would limit its use* ______ (Manganese Bake Bordeaux B, dark type) is similar chemically to but Is synthesised to give the darker and more desirable shade of the earlier calcium Iron derivative, 9-354-0* Rf-521-0 is superior to *354-0 in durability. Its coapetltivecounterpart is IanaonaInfrexMaroon (calcium iron lake Bordeaux @ type) but It Is superior to the competitive prod uct in polish back and in lightfastness. It is durable in solid shades in both nitrocellulose end alkyd types but of question able durability in metallic** B9-521-0 has sroussd considerable interest among customers outside the MNmt Company* Cock faint & Tarnish Company are reported as being interested in blends of it with Jtt-499-0 as raplaaamut for the mere expensive tbioindigo-cadmium red 'com binations. la 1941 Acme White head & Color Company estimated its use at 1,000 lbs, per month for 1942* the Arco Company in 1943. were considering adding it to their *nw machine line* for reflalskes. On basis of its superiority to the Barmen Infrex Maroon the fiibble Color Company stated that 9-521-0 would be used if it could be reformelated to compensate for color differences* 0itsler Color Company and Blushed Mason also reported it of interest. DUP050150292 -5- HT-521* in one exposure series was found to be a very good color and durability natch for Mayfair Maroon a-29, reported to be the Ford body feolor for 1941. Raph"fchanll Is the General Motors popular Parma Vise shade. Although RT-436-0 end its competitive counterpart, Harmon*s Toluidlns Maroon MT-1, are durable In nitrocellulose metallic systems, they have not returned sufficient durability to warrant their use in synthetics. Recent exposure results have indicated that a hi^ier pigment to binder ratio than normally used would overcome this deficiency to some extent. However, due to the higher cost involved this is not s practical solution. A durable pigment of the yellow undertone shade and brightness of 81-430** and durable in aUsyd, Is needed. At the present time BP-294- le the representative of this class in W Philadelphia* s standard line. Although not possessing aceeptable durability In single pigment and metallic formulations, nevertheless. It ean be used as a shading color for other maroons. Its desirability for shading purposes la appreciated whan it is considered that of the eight automotive synthetic enamels examined in 1941 at Sewark, seven contained Hello Fast Rublne lakes as shading agents. Philadelphia has compared blends of Harmon*a Aliaarlne Purple MV-2 with RT-347-0 and HT-354-0 versus similar blends with RP-293-0 end RP-294-0. Although there is a slight superiority in the Sermon product, it was not deemed sufficient to replace BP-294- 1* Philadelphia* s standard line. An exceptionally dark bright pigment with the durability properties characterising the thiciBdigos is needed. ~ |a4alli|tMMUOgM *e valuable shading pigments since they do not fade when blended in small, amounts with other pigments* This type of maatvm ahegka badly in full shade formulations but ean be used ip > If to 20*.amounts. They have beau used successfully as toning agents for grays, blues, reds and maroons.in both laequer and synthetic formulations. Their popularity for this purpose is well demonstrated by consideration of the fact that of twelve commercial automo tive finishes examined,,six were toned with a thiolndlgoid maroon. After what was evidently large scale experimenta tion with products of varying depth and hue, the Harmon Color Company eventually set up at least three codes listed in order of increasing darkness* Imdo Maroons MV-, MV-1 and MV-4* RT-503-, chemically similar to MV-8 and MV-1. was set up from "Bulfanthreae" Red 3B dye obtained from the Orchea Department. RT-503-D proved to be too light and dull and DUP050150293 in some instances inferior in durability to seriously compete with Harmon'a offerings* Am a result of eolor deficiency of RT-503-D, the Orehem Department carried on some experimental work on the **ulfauathree* Bed 3B and eventually obtained a froduct which is intermediate in depth between MV-8 and UV~1. he improved produet has been compared in one exposure series with the Sermon standards and it is believed to be at least equal is durability to competitive and is probably within a satisfactory shade range for .general use* Recent contacts with the SfcF Department reveal that the Indo Maroon MV--S is the sore desirable of the Barmen products* Therefore* the improved "gulfanthrone" Bed 38 probably would be satisfactory from a color standpoint. The possibility remains* however* that the darker shades* the HMt and the W-4, may be desirable for some formulations* The K?l has proved to be somewhat reactive in certain alkyd fe^nilatiana and aore transparent than the lflr-8* The Kf*4 is suspected of being a mixture of a thloiadigoid plus a blue pigment me latter not as yet definitely identified* Bxploratory work has boss promoted with several ends in view aside from improving the existing lines 1) to obtain new* novel and cheaper product* of satisfactory durability and color} 2} to obtain a pigment which could produce the exceptional shade and highly desirable durability in alkyd metallies which is possible with the BBS maroon in lacquer finishes; 3) to synthesise precipitated pigments which would have the desirable durability and nom~bleedlng characteristics of the manganese-BOB products but in a wider reage of color* Exposure results on a large number of experimental products made up to 1941 have now become available* It is possible to draw from these exposure series a few of the more promising pigments sod to evaluate them in the light of requirements in the red and maroon range. K-&16Q (Manganese Scarlet 23X) has the desirable durability oF H325-*D and is non*bleeding. It is slightly lighter* slightly yellower and dollar then 8T-525-D. Because of its good durability and lighter shade it should not bo forgotten but until the position of RT-H3-D is established it does not seen feasible to rooommend further laboratory work in development of this product at the' present time* durability to RT*$25-D in eolor does not appear to warrant exte neat at the present time* ar in DUP050150294 -7- _ (Manganese `ttoner of metanilie acid --3> beta-oxy-napithole acid) is of interests because of its potentially lower cost compared with Bf-525-D. Tlnetorlally it is Intermediate is depth between Rf-52JH& and RT-499-D. Exposure results here not advanced far enough to prove its durability. _______ _ _ . *er of para-toluidine-aeta- sulfonic acid --^Baphthanil UC) is m experimental product designed to combine the desirable non-bleeding end durabl- 11ty eharaeterlstles of a precipitated pigment with the brightness of the pigment dyestuff class. It la Inherently cheeper, than the Baphthanil plg^ts, pre^mihktryr copt calculations MdibatingJ-t to be in tiMl|btlfllnot of mi*499Hl>< It is very slightly lighter and-, very slightly yellower than BS~499~8 but unlike the latter, Shows a slight blood associ ated withBaphthanils. Although it is equal in lightfast ness on outdoor exposure to Sf-499-0, at the end of ten months in Florida ft Is showing some checking. this la the only one of a series of products of this chemical nature that has not darkened severely on exposure. B- Figment Dyestuffs (kachthanlls). With growing empha sis on the use of synthetic enamels In automotive formulations, the interest in pigments of this class doorcases because of their tendency to bleed when overstriped with shite, this bleed is generally increased to a prohibitive extent when the enamels are baked, a technique which appears to be growing in popularity since it increases spded with which the finishes can be applied. The popularity bf the MBS maroon for lacquer, however, has kept those experimental produets in the picture and in the period 1939 - 1941 > many Combinations were synthesised with intermediates available on the market and exposure results were obtained, fhe following appear to be the more outstanding with respect to durability and are reported for future reference. . R-gfPS (meta-nitro-para-toluidine Baphthanil;. ; WE) is durable in both lacquer and alkyd and appears to have seme promise in metaHics an these systems. It is ebout the depth of Bf-434-0 but bluer in hue. fhe Baphthanil XX intermediate is the cheapest member of its dess. It knows eonsldorablo blood however, and tha^Work to date to decrease . this undesirable characteristic has not been successful* Beverthelesa, tine F&F Department, Philadelphia, has expressed interest in it because of its excellent ligbtfaataese and film integrity in Dulux and has requested a sample for their own evaluation. K-8S98 (Xta-nitro-para-toluidine --^ HaphthanilBG) is yellow and dull compared to ffffc$2$-D. It is satisfactory in durability in both.alkyd and lacquer IS jaasstane formulations. It.fades badly in metallics. DUP050150295 *{$# K-99A3 (5~nitro-2-aioo-anisol--> Baphthanil MS) is of interest la Dulux since it approaches the depth and yellow hue of B$?43e~D tut is superior in durability both in masatone and metallic*. Philadelphia considers this produet an interest ing on and a possible substitute for the non-durable KT-436-D and has requested a sample for evaluation. *# K-9953 (5-nitro~2~amiBo-tQluee--> Kaphthae11 MS) is intermediate In depth between RT-499-D and RT-347-0. The pigment is durable in both lacquer and alkyd, aasstone and metallic formulations. Depth of color can bs varied by staple formula changes, 1*9972 (Para-nitro-ortho-toluldine --> Baphthanil MS) is an exceptionally light yellowish rod in tho range of B2M27-S. It is durable in both lacquer and alkyd. aasstone and metallic formulations. K-999A (Ortho-chlor-para-nitro-aniline --> Baphthanil MS) is prlaarlly of interest because it produces s very light golden hued aetallio in alkyd which enamel shows excellent durability. This sight he of interest as a specialty in Dulux* ^-IQIO (Para-cdilor-ortho-nitrc-anilinc--> Baphthanil OS) Is in the range of Kf-501-D but la acceptable in durability In alkyd formulations only. IE-1315 (2t 5-dichlor-aniline--> Baphthanil QL) is similar tinetorlally to RX-427-D. It is durable in alkyd and lacquers, both aasstone and aetallio formulations, another pigment, E-9995 <2s 5-diohlor-anilin# --Baphthanil MS) is sooewhat less attractive tinetorlally than K-1335 but may be of interest as s similar type. c- Waroma In 1940, the Orehem Department submitted several ex* periaental substituted thielndlgolds for evaluation. Although theso products were tinetorlally inferior to tho Baraon < inflo margone, the possibility of their being available at a lover price level aroused interest in them. It is not yet known Mother or not their tendency to bleed intowhite over stripe is an in herent property. ... D-3S98 (417*4**7tetra-chlor*thiolHdige) is a light ypllov, dull typo similar the. original Rf-503-0 standard but ' Is somewhat superior'.in durability. , This product is too ' light and dull to bo of interest in competition with the present Harmon standards but its excellent durability in maastones and metallics (Mows less* cheeking than Bf-503-D) keep It in the picture. DUP050150296 9- ^ D-i^ Ctetra-aethyi-thiotndigo) 1* slightly darker and bluer than D-3S98 but in other respects is similar* It darkens somewhat more on outdoor exposure than D-3898. f)AQ31 (dichlor-tetra'-methyl-fehioindigo) approaches Harmon's K?*8 in depth and hue but is inferior in brightness* Zt also is shoeing up veil in durability* Ms product has been requested by Parlln tor further evaluation. 0*3901 (5t6t5,<6* tatra-ehlor-thiolndigo) is a very dark blue type siailar in this respect to Barmos's M7-4* It returns aooeptable durability. 4 xix* gjfflatUttYft .g&gamta a - MiMsaUJtem Zn addition to the orthodox Toluldlna Maroon, B3E-1. of the Baraon Color Comply, other produets have been examlaed from time to time which ere of the same fundamental chemical composition, namely, meta-nitro-para-toluidlne coupled with Baphthanil B8. these products have apparently been put mi the market in an attempt to match the desirable Parma Wine shade by use of dry pigment, three of these pigments, termed Iridescent Karoons, are similar tinetorl~ ally to KC-436-Dj 1) E-4318 is slightly brighter and shows less bleed into white overstripe than Rt-436-0. Upon outdoor exposure the competitive product fades to e distinctly blue hue in lacquer metallic* 2) S-4263 is similar tinctorlally end in durability to Rf-436-D. However, it la superior in bleed into white overstripe* 3) *4319 la lighter than R7~436~ Bike me -4318, it fades to a blue hue in lacquer metallles* Bone of these products appear to have as appreciable advantage either tlaetorially or in durability to EP-436-D. but the decreased bleed is a superior property. RT-153-P, Newark's low bleeding BBS Karoos, however, is approximately equal in this respect to competitlon.Parlln is evaluating an experimental variation on RT-153-P. Kentucky Color Company's *PPears to be chemically and tlaetorially similar tdnKP-438-0 and returns similar durability results. DUP050150297 10- Harmon's ,M-,2 Is believed to be the chemical equivalent of BT-492~I>^ (meta-nitro with Hapfathasil ASP). 12-H la also equivalent notable shortcomings of RT-492-fi and its competitive equivalents are reactivity in alkyd systems and bleed into white overstripe, nevertheless* the Hernia Color Company has used the pigment with some success isi-Menda with other re# and maroon pigments. to arL,s^^rt5,r^,&ftOte is l Fast Jtubine take. A match For the Claret MV-7 can to obtained by a 10j8 fP-294" and 90S* 1S-492-D 6ry mixture, toother tinctori al match Is obtained by use of 30* HP-261-0 sad 70* Bf-500-0. In lacquer toe competitive product end toe matching combinations show little change on exposure after six months. Polish back is poor* however. Kentucky Color Company's ToluJ , is the depth of HF-34,7-0 but shows tod bio white overstripe and is reactive in alkyd type vehicles. By chemical spot tests It is known that it is a Xaphtoaall pigment but toe exact chemical composition has not been determined. It has returned excellent durability in lacquer and alkyd systems in both nasstono end metallic** The closest approach both tinotorially and in dura bility is . the experimental product* K-8895* (mota-nitro-para- toluidino --> Raphtoaall MX). b~ aKat..3teirtygiHtm .tmus Competitive products which are somewhat darker than our darkest toluldine red standard* RT-503-D* have frequently been encountered* Those have been found to be mixtures of orthodox toluldine red shaded with a Maphthanil pigment, to example of this type is Kentucky* s BD|jKlQ7g which has been patched tinctorially id durabllit#-wise ly a 5jl RT-492- and 9'9M RT-505-D blond. x A darker product*, IUgiBBiiJ|-lfl (dark masstone veraua RT-505-D) can be matched by a mechanical mixture of 3038 BT-492-D wito 70$ fgf-505-fi, Those products, both the match and the competitive,show acceptable durability in both alkyd and lacquer systems. - b,m.$.9Ms&m.RJ&aai Harmon's Victoria and Infrex Maroons have their counter parts in BT-347-D and HT-413-0, respectively, A counterpart for toe dark manganese derivative* RT-521-J}* has not been encountered to date* The Kentucky Color Company has released a rosinated calcium toner coded #1024 Busoft Maroon. which is similar to HT-292-D* This product is* as would to expected, softer than toe DUP050150298 11- aaaganes eounterpart tut such inferior is durability, being especially poor in resistance to checking# i JrtLa.Xb m So far as is knows there are three standard toners of this classification in the Barman Color Company's lines a) Indo Maroon H7-8 light yellow type (somewhat darker and brighter than RT-503-). b) Indo Maroon llf-l darker, very slightly bluer than 7-8. c) Indo Maroon MT-4 very dark and blue believed to be a mixture of the thleladtge naroon and a Hue pigment* which Is possibly copper phthaloeyamine# -a She Indo Maroon, MV-8, is the most desirable one of the three from the point of view of the Ift7 Department# These pigments are used for shading purposes only, being hpW,, successfully competed with the M7-8 (or Mr-1) because of its light dull matstone. However, as discussed above, improve ments In Orchess's *8ulfenthrone* Bed 3B have been made and It now appears that both color wad durability-wise, a pigment satisfactory for competitive purposes with M7-8 has been obtained# Zt is not certain whether or not the pigment of the K7-1 shade Is desired by the trade* Xf so, further work will be required to obtain a darker shade# Two other products of the Barmen Color Company, coded Indc aed R-ii mud lado.., .Bed B-ffijara of the Para Bed B color range. Although they have not news chemically analysed they are suspected of being vat dyes# Since they bleed into shite overstripe and are dull they do net appear to be of maeh interest at the present time# They also show considerable bronse acid slight darkening on exposure in both lacquer and alkyd metallic!. Lakes of this c%ass are popular for shading auto motive finishes as is indicated in the section following# In spite of their poor durability in masstone formulations, they can be used In small amounts to obtain very effective bright compositions with other more durable maroons end reds. if,lo the color r^ge of RP-26X-D.Its durability is similar to that of HP-261- and BP-294- in full maastona formulations# However, IBP DUP050150299 -12 Philadelphia has recently reported that in certain blteds after short time exposure MT-2 is somewhat superior. At the end of one year exposure, however, it does not appear to have sufficient advantage to warrant change over from their present standard, RP-294-0. &aaafigi?ial -AHtQfflQtive Rad-and Maroon Flnishea In 1941 samples of eight commercial red and maroon automotive finishes, believed to be representative of all the important finishes of the red shades used at that time, were obtained and analysed. These enamels were then matched as closely as possible with varioufefombinations using our standard pigments and exterior exposureariratrted. Durability comparisons are now available* The following tabulation includes the commercial name of the enamel, the manufacturer and consumer. Xearly consumption for 1941 la given when known. The pigmentation* is Newark's analysis. Matching enamels were prepared on the basis of these analyses. With durability Information now available, other blending possibilities become obvious, and these are included for guidance of future work and sales promotion. Ruby Red. Cook Paint & Varnish Co*. Manufacturers, -- Estimated conojmption 1941, 26,000 gals. (including Wine Tone Maroon) for Studebaker. Pigmentation* Cadmium Ted, thlolndigo pigments. An acceptable color match waa made using Harmon's Indo Maroon MV-g, RT-499-D and lithopone. This match was actual in color retention and checked less severely. Suggested combinations: The improved thlolndigo, Lithosol* Red 3B, 0-4445, with BT-499-D. Cook Paint & Tarnish Company. Estimated consumption 1941* (including Ruby Red above) 26,000 gala* Studebaker. Pigmentation* Cadmium red, thlolndigo, Hello Fast Rubin# Lake. This is an excellent finish showing very little color change after one year's Florida exposure. All our proposed matches in this series have faded severely end therefore would not be In the picture against this competitive product. Suggested combination: RT-521-0 shaded with the im proved "Llthosol* Red 3B, 0-4445. DUP050150300 -13- Bolero Red. Pittsburgh Plata Glass Company, Estimated c o bsumptlor 1941, 20,000 gals* for Sash. Pigmentation* Cadmium red plus Hello Fast Rubjtliie Lake* 4 satisfactory match mas Obtained with a combination of Rf-499-D, Bf~521-0 and lithopone, This match is an im provement in color retention compared to the commercial enamel. , Ditzler Color Company. sated consumption 1941, 90,000 gals, for Plymouth* Pigmentation* Cadmium red, Bello Fast Hubine Lake, Lake Bordeaux B (BS-413-B type). A combination of RT-521-0, RP-294-0 and lithopone is better in color retention but does not polish up as mail as competitive* Suggested combination* RT-521-0 toned with the Im proved "Lithosol" Bed 3B, 0-4445* Regal , Cook Paint & Famish Company. stiaated consumption 1941, 92,000 gals* for Chrysler, Bodge, 0eSoto. Pigmentation* Cadmium red, thloindlgo, Hello Fast Rubinelake, A combination of RT-499-B, Harmon * s Indo Maroon MV-8 and RP-294-0 produced a good color match somewhat superior in color retention to the competitive, fhls combination, however, does not polish back as well as ths commercial enamel. Suggested combinations RT-521-0, RP-294-0, shaded with the improved "Lithosol" Red 3B, 0-4445. Flare Red. Cook Paint & Famish Company. Estimated consumption 1941 not known. For Chrysler, Bodge* This finish was matched with a combination of RT-525-B, Barmen*a Indo Maroon M7-S, lithopone and bone black* the commercial finish is very close in shade to RT-521-0. therefore, the suggested match is RT-521-D shaded as required with ltt-525-B* DUP050150301 Sumao Red. Cook Paint & Varnish Company. Estimated consumption 1941# not known. For Chrysler, Dodge* Pigmentation: Cadmium red, Bello Fast Rubins Lake and TiOg* $kia finish Is very poor in checking resistance and fades considerably. A match of medium Cadmium Bed, RP-294-D, black and lithopone, is superior in cheeking resistance hut about equal in color retention. the color is intermediate in depth between RT-499-D and RT-525-D. It is suggested, therefore, that it could be matched satisfactorily with a combination of these two extremes. fiaSteOM* Mtaler Color Company. Estimated consumption 1941, 3,000 gals, for Wlllys Overland. Pigmentation* Cadmium red. Lake Bordeaux B (Rf-347-D type),fi02. The finish is intermediate in depth between RT-499-D and RT-521-D but much bluer than either standard, the bad fade of the product indicates that it contains a large amount of white pigment. Matches made with 1) BS-347-0 and lithopone; 2) RX-521-D, RT-499-D end lithopone are superior in color retention but cheek mere than competitive. in analysis of the pigmentation of the above commercial enamels reveals the following points* (a) All pigments used are known commercially. (b) All eight enamels contain cadmium red. (a) Hello Fast Rubins Lakes are present in six of the enamels. (d) Thiolndigo maroon is present In four of the products. Since the cadmium reds are used so widely, it is edvieable to compare our closest standards, i.e., non-bleeding organic reds and maroons, as possible substitutes. In the above summary of the durability properties of the oommerelal finishes it is indicated that in many eases the organic reds BT-499-D, Rf-525-D end BT-S21-D may be used in place of the eedmlum rede of their respective shades. In addition, matches have been made for five commercially available eedmlum reds and maroons which vary in depth from the light red RT-427-0 to the dark rad RT-499-0* DUP050150302 15 lima This product is slightly lighter than KE-499-D. The latter has better checking resistance, gloss retention, sad color retention since it darkens rather than fades as does the cadmium maroon. Probably the addition of a snail amount of white pigment would give an exact natch to the cadmium maroon# .fiSfl, ,,JEfflfc This pigment is darker and bluer than RT525~I>. A bleed of RT-499-D, RT-525-0 and lithopeme is caual in depth tot slightly yellower* This combination Is equal in durability to the cadmium red. HM ItdiffiB This product is lighter than BT-525-D* A match composed of Chrome Orange,10-2600, RT-J25-D, and lithopone Is yellower than competitive and shows somewhat Inferior color retention. Cadmium Red Lisht_and Cadmium Red Medium light Combinations of HT-525-0* Chrome Orange and lithopone are Inferior in color retention to the eompetltives* There appears to be no satisfactory light organic red available at present for this range. V. ftqneral A~ One exposure series has been run to determine the effect of varying pigment to binder ratio In synthetic finishes* Standard dark red and maroons were exposed in retios varying from 15 parts pigment/100 Madff to 45 parts pigaont/lOQ parts binder* The most interesting result of this series is seen in toe effect on Kt-AH-B (IBP? --> Baphtoanll B8) which is usually considered exceptionally poor in durability in alkyd vehicles* At the lover ratios, that is, 15A00 to 40/100 there is bad fading and cheeking* At higher ratios, however, in toe region 45/100, checking mad fade resistance have been Improved markedly. improvementin durability is significant since it suggests further study to use the BBS pigment in synthetic.finishes* fearuftiUtr of Blends of Standards At toe request of the Sales Promotion group, a blending study was undertaken of standard reds and maroons DUP050150303 -16- with eaoh other and with cadmium red, iron oxide and white pigments. Results of the exposure series in alkyd vehicle are sow available. If-347-B - this pigment can be shaded with cadmium sroons. RT-500-0, Bf-499-0 and R?-521~0 to give dura combinations. It tends to fada in mixtures with TI-P0R1" LG, lithopoae and sine oxide* It is to be noted that the "fl-HJltl* Ld combination checks leas than those made with the other two whites* Bj*521rp is similar in blending properties to Rf-347-0. It oaa also be satisfactorily blended with email amounts of RI>-294~& and 1^-173-0. It tends to fade and cheek when mixed with 192* B1-A99-D is showing satisfactory durability is all blends tested* These include combinations with iron oxide, cadmium reds and maroons, other organic red and maroon standards and I~PUR1 LG* Kt-525-ip is satisfactory in most of the combinations, except in a 50/90 blend with 1-469-0 in which the organic pigment tended to fade, and In a bland with Rf-347-D in which the latter faded. Rf-5QQ-JD la satisfactory in all blends tested which include mixtures with iron oxide, cadmium reds and maroons, other organic red and maroon pigments, and the white pigments, SlOg, llthopon and sine oxide. G Cede RT-499-0 Year 1940 1941 1942 1943 Sales 533 lbs. 1772 m -- 3273 lbs. tafflttalY*. tOMlftiSitt 12,286 lbs. 17,220 4*2?? Jam_____ 39*692 lbs. RT-521-D 1940 1941 1942 1943 305 3782 (-98) 540 5 10 none none 3529 15 DUP050150304 Code RT-347- Tear 194 1941 1942 1943 RT-354- 1940 1941 1942 1943 BT-436-D 1940 1941 1942 1943 RT-135-P plus RT-153-P 1940 1941 1942 1943 RP-294-D 1940 1941 1942 1943 17 Sales 8407 lbs, 7802 1369 Mis 265 0 Tfe- 213 T5& 12 8*628 0 T^W 1,382 1,699 109 17^ Transfers 24,985 lbs. 15,967 7,726 J5T<573------- 9,115 --------- *'% 373S--------- 208,096 234,258 0 t M-- 1,374 5,343 Reports and (or) panels from the following Bewark exposure series were examined. Dark Red & jjgflflll, tetgBPftl 8-3034 3047 3064 3070 31#0 3147 3161 3163 3175 3176 83 RS-399-0 v. Competitive Sew Bed & Maroon Pigments lew Red Pigments Durable Maroon Study Maroon Blending Study Swain, of ''TI-PORE* 0 in Maroons Burgundy Trim Colors lew Maroons MaroBon Blend* ing SerHies I1J1J Manganese Pigments from BOB 8T-499-D Year'Exposed 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 DUP050150305 -18- Maroon Exposures (cont'd) S-3207 Maroons In fX-PUBS" 0 1940 3219 Maroon lletallica 1940 3262 Improved Bord. Lake B type Maroons 1940 3286 Boydell Bros* Maroon Evaln. 1941 3297 BBS Maroons - GE 2458 Masstones 1941 S98 * 99 9 9 9 9 Metallic Lacquer Masstones 1941 1941 3300 99 9 Metsllios 1941 3301 Xndo Maroons GE 2458 Masstones 1941 3302 99 9 Metallies 1941 3303 9 9 Lacquer Masstones 1942 3304 9 9 9 Metallies 1942 330? Deep Tol.Type Maroons - OB 2458 Masstones 1941 3306 99 9 Metallies 1941 3307 9 99 LacquerMassto1n9e4s2 3308 9 99 9Metall1ie9s42 3309 Mise. & Bxpt*l Maroons GE 2458 Masstones 1941 3310 999 9 Metallies 1941 3311 9 9 9 Lacquer Masstones 1942 3312 999 9 Metallies 1942 3320 3323 3329 3331 3360 Evaln. of Bed Pigments K-1260 & RT-520-D N nn no Maroon Toners Pig./Binder - Maroons Maroon Blending Study 1941 1941 1941 1941 1941 3345 Evaln.of K-1366 vs. RT-436-D 1941 3350 Evan, of E-1448 - Sulf, Red Violet 2 IB 1941 3360 B B B 1941 3365 Red Trim Paints 1942 3373 Mise* Maroons 1941 3379 Evaln. of Maroons & Reds Dulux Masstones 1942 3380 9 9 9 9 Metallic 1942 33a 9 99 Lace, Masstone 1942 3382 9 9 ' * Metallic 1942 3386 9 X-1553 Maroon 1942 3389 Commercial Maroon Matches 1942 3406 Evaln* of Pigments in Baking Vehicle 1942 3427 9 of 1-1715 (BT-501-Dfype Dulux 6 Laca. 1942 3428 S B tt B 1942 3461 * " BBS Maroons " 1942 3462 B B B B 1942 6710 9 9 K-1844 Mn. Salt ofRubins BG 1943 6775 9 BOB-Colors MnSalts 1943 DUP050150306