Document ypbLypgvML4MZ4VJD4q9B8ejV
srauAsy o?
Anmi, iinuiATiJS cx?z^?:c:.?s o:: k-lo
May 13, 1940
-f
2# f The experiment was i tartod fifteen Booths, ago, -exposing
2C5b guinea pig3 eight hours daily, alx days a week, to atmos
pheric concentrations of K-Lo vary lag from 100 to 125 million
particles per cubic foot of air*
Acute bacterial pneumoniae began to develop after tnree
wobhs with auch heavy mortality that it ssened unwise to aake
any repluceaents by introducing new aniaals to contract the
infection* At first it appeared that perhaps the dust night
be responsible for toe_pneumonia, as the dust, which coatod
the walls of the rooms, apparently produced a surface in-
pervious to aster and condensioa of moisture was excessive.
However, this hypot;icsls Is apparently not valid, for in an
adjoining rooa, housing anlacls from the sUv. stock but ex
posed to dl&tonaceoua earth, the Incidence of pneuaonia was
even higher* tfe are, therefore, foroed to conclude that many
apparently healthy animals taken froa our breeding rooms at
the time sust havo harbored latent infections of the lungs*
Six months after starting the experiment twenty-five new
normal guinea pigs, twenty-five guinea pigs infected with at
tenuated tubercle bacilli, and forty white rata were intro
duced into the dust room and again acute pneumonias developed
in the guinea pigs, out not In the rata. The immunity of the
latter suggests that the guinea olgs died froa the lighting up
5 ^031
2 ATi'lZLl XEilALATloy SX?Sni!CSTS OS K-Lo
ItoT IS, 1946
of latent-infections which wore then transmitted from anc pig
another-
Z` ~
B7 April of thi year 40% of the first 100 pigs, 5 of -- the socond croup of 25 normal pigs, and 20% of the 25 tubercu
lous lcInals had died of pneumonia* There have boon no deaths
during the post month end wo have Just decided to replenish the
toe* by breeding the apparently resistant survivors. To intro duce neu stool: from outside sources would only invite disaster.
In spite of this unfortunate occurrence, there have been
poriodic sacrifices of ania&la not lnfeeted with pneumonia to
folios the course of the dust refection and associated infection.
The dust is Inhaled in appreciable amounts, although not
enough has yet accumulated (12 months) to Influence the weight
of lung ash appreciably* Analysis of the ash, however, demon
strates Its presence* Tho average values at tvclve months for
the three major constituents are as follows:
Si02--------- lo.s;;
CaO - - - 2*9
ago ' - - - 5.1
In guinea pigs tissue reaction after fourteen months of ex
posure is still too slight to bo risible except on microscopic
examination* Such reaction consists of localized collections of
large dust eells packed with particles of K-Lo. The walls of the
air spaces about them show a limited amount of chronic inflamma
tion and it Is not anticipated that fibrosis will subsequently
develop* Reaction In the lymph nodoa draining the lungs is mini
mal* In white rats tissue changes are similar- At v*.---------- *
-5 -
XT,1>UL XHHALATIOB gCPisBIUlKTS ON X-Lo
tor IS. 1946
'
time there is nothing to suggest that reaction eoaparable^to asb^toai* or silicosis rill ultimately develop,
^^esoeiated tuberculoue infection has not yet been altered enough to be appreciated grossly* The last too animals sacri ficed eight months after infection suggest that there may be some slight tendency for the tubercles to spread. The outcome, can only be evaluated as their disease progresses.
We still have twenty-five non-lnfeeted guinea pigs nor ezposed to dust for fifteen months, fourteen more pigs and thirty white rats exposed for almost nine months, and fifteen pigs infected with tubercle bacilli and exposed to dust for nine months. Tnese, together with the anticipated offspring from the breeding animals now in the dust room, should be suf ficient for a satisfactory completion of the experiment.
It is ay feeling that the exposures should be continued for at least another year, since there Is now some question aoout the effect upon associated tuberculous Infection, and we should also be able to arflm with confidence that this dust is not capable of producing fibrosis or other significant reaction in the lungs*
&S?i ^ * *
1AE13 1:1
'*
pTTTrr?^*? i:;5Tad 0? hyi;furs
*. *
Ca0;S102 F.atitf 1;X
Added Kite rd&lsOcrceat
r^tch ratlca
Ai i -oa
t ot&i
T :-b-r 7i=e Olay se&tea vr'-i-e AstiSwCS
SeasTty ix^/z'j .rt
C66 17 h?9.-9.9
C6T *
9.9
C63
9.9
C69 -
9.3
C7*r 15 i/a ' ' . 9*9
C75 * - ' 9-9
07o * .
9-8
5.9 6.4
3 70
9-9
9.9 . 9.9
9.3
' 15.8
16.3 16.3
17.1
.?.' '9-9" ' 15.|':
6.9 9.9 16.8 '
.7.3
9.3 17.1 .
11.0 10.2
5.4 . 9.1
' - 11.0.*' : 9.6 ' 9.2
61.
61. 50..
* vD
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O
-iv * h-
Q \/
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I
*
C-ichl:
4
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IS.-o series cf batches C66 to C69 and C?4 to C76
Table III and Ch.-.rt X7 were rade using ^uickllre instead
Gf lin-3 byirat s. The X1--3 vis dob-ad in Shorten ret non,
nh* cti.tr irrredients aided and nrocers continued in the
usual rtirrsr* Is tone of these Ditches the clay, celite
ar-i lir.e ' re seined Cry, then rater aided sufficient to
vat zc~. I:r and to rids the lira, lth the idea tint the
excess hrtt Iris si din-* yould stoh't the hiss--siXica reac*
:icr. "to
heat t.*is g-bcorbcd by e rtttr hn~redi?its
so the tasr a r-t tr 3 did sot rite hi;
siVeins cf *be lira* In the other batches a Rochet was
to drop the zixer `'at started up* Asbestos slurry ms used instead of r*t*r foreltbirg the lire*
: r no *:: . trr than the hatches nade with liza hydrate* They tTer&ged In strength abort the sere as batches C3? to C40 naie rith 3/4 hour beaten
/
1
Y :lo 1 bibstltuta for Clay
: r.
' Shale fron Hostoae Co.) additions of 2.5, 5?,'
' . ' : and ZOjS acre cade to hatches C125, 124 end 123 iostsrd of
. using clay. T-is rhale Is tn elunirun silicate c-ith high
; iffirlty for. lusv C123 T.ith lt :h-le rich tested. ufiar
' retrying lad nearly t;ries tie noutline cf tho ht-.tchr-o tr*
'tuirlr.;: 2*5? ird 5?i irroror, It v:s only clightly'lotter .
t-;th.2*5? uui 5" cl.y :.:Cc In tic tr"o. cuto-
- T.r - <* - ? % -. > -..: . .* ' ** -. * `' ' ; '
cluvo run**- l*o tiny latchoo cure crnriCcrcbly /:"icu^c-r !-
' tier: tlo 10? : hole'bitch rlo-. ten*; a cir dr;i Cl: 1C'`
e r-flc : ztreue*: 2 1" 011:11.* In tlo r.
Cede : `
.
-.4
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*
rsrcibly ii/iicutra tint a long induration. period Lr> inli-
estaC for chile batcher*
: . .
' * " }`7'r' L c;.-:i2 tericf of X otolnr. *. .r mCo *ltl My to
' . &> cL&le urirg elciticid lino eculTtlert to 22? of tho .
.* vsight of. chile toed* C135 rtth 10? cldc had elicitly ; .'
higher coiulur fair Cry) then C123 tut CiC not ehor tho' - '
1 rcr.urlnblo- in mis 3 cn redeying that C123 did. Cl'2 is ';
`-- irrasaiar as'- considerable -ezeeos lira van. tided by error,'7
btrrsrcr tbs air dry end dry sodtli rcro 6-5*1 mi 0*5
*" - respective!y. C137 citi 3# si* ale also lad a dry a.Mus'
* * of over 50 but batches vith higher percentages of shale ']
' had soduli betreea 20 and 3^*
-.
-. f * Although tho shore' quoted-axperinente do 'net ? t v
' h look favorable to the nee of shale in 3E-1C,'shale does' -~~
' represent a cheap souroe of alualnua silicate and vith j,
the proper adjustment of line and of `induration tins
'/
. , night be a: valuable addition to Z-10. .* ,
. .
y*tintt n. Tiiii/.
7
P ZA2LZ IV
Siala lMtwd of Cls/ ` ^
** Added Hsterials - Perseat ` ' /17s!cal Testa *
- t Estch
A5
-
Tauber rtstcue 5*tea Crude' lotsi 1>~zsXZ7 i ; - '-Ll. u ; *
'-
- t - - .' ' . Shale Addit.Sons`to 1:1 r-w
!. -
.. ^
C123 ' 10.0 . ` C124 . 5.0
C125 ' 2.5
5;0
10.0 15.0
11.2
9
. 10.9 11.2
# .. .... ' . . . w*..
114.4"
65.0 69.4-.-
?a ir m.
`
.
.
*.* *^ ^ -- .- - ---
V '.dddticaa 1 Lias (22^ of ShaleJ added t0*1': 1 r--Lo a; . ~r;
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`' ".*
C15 ` Cl; 5 Cl;7 ' Cl;': Cl;2 ` C140
10.0 ' 5.0- 10.0 15.0
17.5
4.4 8.7 13.1
' 30.0
' 5-0 #
tO.O ' *
109.0
.15&.0
50.0 ' * 60.0 - .
. 9 * .
.
9' *
. *
*
- 11.2
12.3' 11.1 11.2'
* 11.5 .12.0 .
93.9 ,, Tair
00.5
52.0 <----2 T1 .
Toot j jV.lr ~
22.7
20.0 .
'
.
'/
*T -. V
' * Kodalas after 24 hours redryiu^ at 110*C
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- . . ,, V es C;9 -C122 C -1: S10 2 1:1
`Saleh
S-A'i*
kit *d fl&t erials -?* reent
7h72l cal Tests ,
ration
*
m *
c i %,v
3
'.Ot&i
Li-ziZT
i'.*CCxUS#X
truce kiZiitOZ , Ihs/eu.ft.
*"*C
C59 CcO C6l Cc2 C63 C64 C65
CT3 CcO Col Cc2
CcJ Co* Cop
C86 Co7 C53 C:9 C90 C91 C92 C93
CS5
C6 * C97
c?3 CS9 C1CO
C101 C1C2 C103
C104 C105 C106
C107 C108 C109
lo hrs. 9*9 * b.3 * o.8 0.9
9.9 0 9.3 - 9.0
6.9 7*3 5*9 6.4
6.9 7.3
9*9 9.6 5.8
9-9 9.9 9.6 9.3
*
0.9 5.9
9-9
ij
5-7 6.4
10.0 u
* 0 7.3
10 hr?.10.0 8 0
U 7.3
10.0 a R
l6 hrs.10.0
8 *8 8 0 8 *8 *8
0
5.7 6.4 7.3 6.4 5.7 7.3 5.7 6.4
7.3
1m0.0 m
n
0
3 hra.10.0
.
5-7
6.4 7.3
10.0
_0
11
hra.10.0 a
5-7 6.4
8 7.3
1r0.0 m
16 hra.10.0 5.7
. * 5.0 5-7 5*0 5.7
5-0
5.0 10.0
8 hra.10.0 5.7 5.0 5.7 5.0 5-7
5.0
5.0 10.0
10 fcrs.10.0 5.7
5.0 5.7 5-0 5.7
5.0
5.0 10.0
16.3 16.7 17.1 15.3 16.3 16.7 17.1
15.3 15.7 15*. 4 17.3
15.7 15.4 17.3
15-7 16.4 17.3 lc.4 15*7 17-3 15.7 16.4
17.3
.5.7
16.4 17.3
15-7 15.4 17.3
10.7 10.7 15-7
10.7 10.7 15-7
10.7 10.7 15.7
10.4 9*9 9.4
11.1 10.3
9.9 9.1
11.1 11*3 10.2
9.2
11.4 10.4
9.4
12.0 10.S
9.2 10.7 11.6
9-5 11.2 10.1
9.2
11-5
10.5 9.4
11.1 10.0
9.1
11.1 11.0 ll. 1
11.6 11.9 11.3
11.6 11.2 11.3
52-7 p2.4 *1.0
c2.9 c -./ 61.0 52.2
Fair n
. 5.6
,
62.2 43.5
'u
'n
.'c.i?
*^
"C .4
.'9.9 44.9 .
1*C Ci r
69.2 56.8 *0.3 50.7 57-7 43.3 56.1 46.8
35*9
Coot
r. -. 7.^ n
to
p- /
COOC
foZT r&ir
*%
to to
65-1
55.8 43-0
65*9 51.3 45*2
to ori Fair
T '> * 0 *"*
66.0
?`o oc*9
Too? to fair
67.2 65.2 79.1
Poor Pair Good
67.5
91.9 100.4
;&
iir Good
o
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. i; i i j\ >
k r
21
0-.=L3iI_!
F*--V,. r^*-^
Ktteriil-r.t
A wC ^ sht stos
Cie.T seated tr..6 .*
C120 cm C122
16 hrs. -
l 5*9 2.5
5;0 -
10.0 "
fSi0
It
~ ^ v i c a 1 T<sts ^;:as/Tct-yi.ft. ^ts:=/cVu-9.r^t.
11.2 11.0
11.3
51.2 5.7 $0.3
? ilr C:od Good
Tested after 24 hf-rs irylis 1
C1C5 C106 C1C7 C1C3 cl 03
C110 C121 C122 C123 C124 C125
3 hr 3 * C A B 5.0
10 hrs .10.0
5.0 5*0
hrs
* 5~o
2.5 m 10.C* 9 5.ct 9 2.5
CT ^. 1
e
0
0
5.0 10.0
5.0
5.0 10.0
5i
0 0 0 0
10.0 0 0 0 0 0
1 A ? ... 1
15.7 10.7 10.7 15-7
15.0 0
0
0
.. 0
a
73.5 $7.* c9.2
117.7 1J2.1
71-4 104.9 1C-4.6 11-.4 '
65.0
-9
F.ostcna Shale used instead of Claj -
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