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PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT IHF-S39 Industrial Hygiene INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS LITERATURE ABSTRACTS MEDICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL' SEPTEMBER, 1969 (VoL 33, No. 9) est INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 8231 CZNTBZ AVXNUX PRTSBUB8H, PA. 15232 132 4370 focnoa r :o>; FACTS INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE HIGHLIGHTS-VOLUME I S20. 00 per copy Quantity discounts available on request Order from: Induatrial Hygiene Foundation, 5231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh. Pennaylvania 15232 NEW MEMBER: We are pleaaed to welcome the Aabeatoa Cement Producta Aaaoclation (New Jersey) into IHF memberahip. STAFF ACTIVITIES: Executive Vice Preaident, Harry M. Bowman, a poke to the Mon-Yough Chamber of Commerce in McKeeaport, Pa., on "Work Environment and Employee Health. " September 9. Dr. Paul Groaa, Director of IHF'a Reaearch Laboratory, participated in a Conference on Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis, September 10*13, in Lexington. Kentucky, serving as advisor for the ses* sion on pathological aspects. This international conference, planned and implemented by Spindletop Research, Inc., centered around questions and problems of medical research as they apply to "Black Lung, " "Miners' Asthma, " and "Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis" in an effort to identify the medical problems requiring resolution. (Also see Abet. No. 875, this issue, on the First Australian Pneumo coniosis Conference.) Dr. Gross has accepted an appointment to the U.S. Public Health Service Select Review Com mittee on Asbestos. Recently formed, this Committee sought to develop criteria and make recommen dations for standards utilizing the expertise of authorities in the field at its first meeting on September lb in Cincinnati. Significant progress will be reported later. Dr. Gross presented "Filamentous Glass, the Pulmonary Reaction to High Concentrations of Coated and Uncoated Dust Particles (A Preliminary Report)" before the International Congress on Occu pational Health in Tokyo, Japan. September 22*27. His paper resulted from the industrially sponsored Fibrous Glass Study now in progress in the Foundation's Research Laboratory. Dr. Robert T. P. deTreville. IHF President, and Madeline C. Carey, Information Specialist, attended a meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Toxicological Information Project, September 17. at the University of Pittsburgh. This National Library of Medicine project is seeking to improve the handling and availability of toxicological information and developing more extensive and accessible com puter-based files of toxicological information. We noted with interest several articles in the JulyAugust, 1969, issue of the American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal which mentioned the Indus trial Hygiene Digest as one of relatively few (5) existing sources of toxicological data. Ways are being investigated to interrelate IHF's program with the overall National Library of Medicine project. IHF NURSING COMMITTEE MEMBER HONORED: Miss Mary Louise Brown. Chief of Nurses Train ing in Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Public Health Service, recently received the 1969 Alumni Award from the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing for her "outstanding leadership in occupa tional health nursing. " Miss Brown was also awarded the U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare's Meritorious Service Medal at a special ceremony July 1, 1969. in Washington. D.C.. for her "unfailing dedication to the objectives of better training for occupational health nurses and improved nurs ing care for the patient." Miss Brown, who was appointed to the Foundation's Nursing Committee in Jan uary, 1969, has been an advisor to IHF since 1963 and spoke at the Foundation's 31st Annual Meeting in 1966. ANNUAL MEETING NEWS:* General Chairman of the 34th Annual Meeting Management Conference is Dr. Miles O. Colwell, Vice Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Vice President and Medical Director of Aluminum Company of America. Chairman of the Board, Dr. G, A. Webb, will welcome members and guests and open the conference by presenting "Foundation Facts" occurring since last year's meeting. Mr. Douglas Soutar. a member of IHF's Board and Vice President-Industrial Relations and Per sonnel of American Smelting and Refining Company, will serve as General Chairman of the Second day's Technical Conference and also will present a paper on "How Industrial Hygiene Engineering Contributes to Good Personnel Administration." Others on the technical program include Margaret Barry. Assistant Director, Labor Rehab Liaison Project of the New York City Central Labor Council, AFL-CIO, speaking on "Labor's 'Project Rehab'--A Progress Report"; Dr. J. Herbert Dietz, Jr. of the Institute of Rehabil itation Medicine's Out-Patient Services (New York) who will discuss "Cancer Patient Rehabilitation in the Workforce"; and Dr;_J|erbert_Ai_Haeosler, Medical Director of Medidata Sciences, Inc. (Waltham, Mass.), describing "Industrial Experience with Automated Moltlphasic Health Examinations. " Invitational, preliminary programs have been malledr contact IHF headquarters if you need additional copies. NEW PUBLICATIONS LBTt .An updated IHF Publications List is enclosed with this issue of Industrial Hygiene Digest. 1 '* - " ! j 01 132 4371 34th ANNUAL MEETING - OCTOBER 14-15. 1969 CHATHAM CENTER - PITTSBURGH. PA. r x d v s t a i a i HYGIENE R5 A new health professional, tius environtologist, ia diacuaaed inAbet. No.'Jfffb.' A fatal caae of inhalation anthrax ia des cribed-in Abat. No. 90S. The case of Mary, Queen of Scota, ia reviewed in Abet. No. 881. Abat. No. 909 ia concerned with the evaluation of hand antiaepaia. Conault Abat. No. 887 for a report on tennia leg. Information on potaaeium chloride treatment in thallotoocicoais ia given in Abat. No. 920. Peptic ulcer in Maaaachuaette physiciana ia reviewed in Abat. No. 894. Abat. No. 935 inveatigatea experimental pulmonary carcinogeneaia with aabeatoa. Information on human louae infnatation ia preaented in Abat. No. 896. See Abat. No. 946 for a report on laaer damage threaholda for ocular tiaauea. THIS ISSUE CONTAINS ABSTRACT NUMBERS 854-961 TABLE OF CONTENTS THIS ISSUE CONTAINS ABSTRACT NUMBERS 854-961 EDITORIAL National Induatrial Hygiene Week Bill Introduced....................................................................... i IHF MEMBERSHIP NEWS AND ACTIVITIES Alert Nuraea to Eye Safety..........................................................................................................................iii An Air of Satisfaction................................................................................................................................... iii Threahold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants for 1969 ..............................................................iv News Items.................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Coming Events............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Legal Developments...............................................................................................................................................4 Books, Pamphlets and Notices............................................................................................................................ 5 Industrial Medical Practice.................................................................................................................................8 Skin Diseases and Burns................................................................................................................................... 18 Chemical Hazards........................................................................................................................... . _ . . 18 Industrial Duata...................................................................................................................................................... 22 Physical Aspects of the Environment............................................................................................................24 Radioactivity and X-Radiation..........................................................................................................................24 Environmental Measurements..........................................................................................................................25 Preventive Engineering........................................................................................................................................ 26 Community Air Hygiene........................................................................................................................................ 27 Management Aspects.............................................................................................................................................28 Accidents aa$ Prevention................................................................................................................................... 30 Index . . . ................................................................................................................................................................31 Addreeses of Journals Abstracted ................................................................................................................ 34 IHF welcomes editorial matter from all member companies pertaining to indus trial hygiene programs, problems and developments. b * 01 132 4372 Industrial H 'Ziene Digest renter- ne r EDITORIA L NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE WEEK BILL INTRODUCED In a recent article, a past president of American Industrial Hygiene Association remarked that the public needs a greater awareness of the "profe; sionalism" associated with occupational health and safety in order to gain needed financial support and prestige for the field. Such recognition and sup port are essential to improve the incentive for desirable career candidates to be attracted to and remain in the field. In recognition of its indebtedness to the field and to improve public awareness, in January, 1969, industry (in IHF) requested President Richard M. Nixon to designate the week of IHF's 34th Annual Meeting (October 12-18) as National Industrial Hygiene Week. The bill was introduced concurrently in the Senate and House on September 12, jointly sponsored by the late Senator Everett M. Dirksen (R-Ill. ) with Senators Hugh Scott (R-Pa. ) and Richard S. Schweiker (R-Pa. ). In the House of Representatives the bill was jointly spon sored by Congressmen William S. Moorhead (D-Pa. ) and James G. Fulton (R-Pa. ). Senator Scott read the following message into the record: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE September 12, 1969 SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 150-- INTRODUCTION OF JOINT RESO LUTION TO DESIGNATE "NATION AL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE WEES'* Mr. SCOn. Mr. President. I intro duce lor appropriate reference a joint resolution authorizing the President to designate the week of October 12 to 18 of this rear as "National Industrial Hy giene Week." I am pleaaed to hare the following distinguished Senators joining me as cosponsors In this effort: Rxchau S.ScHWsxasa. Republican. Pennsylvania; Wallacs P. Bsmierr, Republican, Utah; J. Caleb Boons, Republican, Delaware; John Skzucax Coons. Republican. Ken tucky; Cbabub E. Goodsll, Republican. New York; Cldtou P. HAssn, Repub lican. Wyoming; Jacob K. Jams. Repub lican. New York; Jack millss. Republi can. Iowa; Qayiobd Nueoir, Democrat, Wisconsin; Roasts W. Pachwood, Re publican. Oregon; Wnsrow L. Psuuit, Republican, Vermont; Jssnnrae Ran dolph. Democrat, West Virginia; Snot Thurmond, Republican South Carolina; and Habbisok A. Williams, Jr., Democrat, New Jersey. * Industrial hygiene Is, of course, that part of occupational health concerned with the anticipation, evaluation, solu tion, and prevention of health problcma arising out of Industrial operations. It re flects the attempt of Industry to work In concert with scientists and engineers from rrlitTfl Adds to dcnloo ****** am. entlflc knowledge and to aid in the appli cation of this knowledge to the protec tion and conservation of the health of workers In all types of Industry. The designation, which my Joint reso lution proposes, would coincide with this year's 34th annuel meeting of the In problems as may be expected to arise out dustrial Hygiene Foundation of America, of future Industrial technological prog an organisation, unique tn all the world, ress. composed of several hundred nationally Mr. President, I believe the purposes ImiiMW UJB. Alld of this Joint resolution are fully meri which have voluntarily joined together to torious. I urge Immediate and favorable coordinate the efforts of Industrial man consideration. agement with those of labor, the educa I also ask. Mr. President, that the full tional community, and government, tn text of this proposed legislation be helping to further genuine health prog printed at this point in the Rxcoss: ress within industry. ____ The ACTINO PRESIDENT pro tem I am proud to note that IHF has Its pore. The joint resolution will be re headquarters in my Commonwealth of ceived and appropriately referred; and. Pennsylvania, in Pittsburgh, which will without objection, the joint resolution again be the scene of the foundation's will be printed In the Rscoao. annual meeting, on October 14 and 18. The Joint-resolution <8J. Res. 150) to Some 400 participants, representing not authorize the President to designate the only the foundations corporate members, period beginning October 12. 1949, and but leading experts from universities and ending October 18, 1969, as "National soverruneat as well, will attend the 3-day Industrial Hygiene Week." introduced session Organised originally In 1988 be by Mr. Scott (for himself and other cause of a concern over the silicosis prob Senators), eras received, read twice by lem in Industry, the Industrial Hygiene I Its title, referred to the Oommlttee on Foundation this year will be considering ' the Jildiclary, and ordered to be printed a greatly broadened agenda that ad In the Rscoes, as follows: dresses Itself to the ever-expanding list SJ. Rss. iso of recognised industrial health problems, Jleeoiecd by (As Senate and House of Jtep- imidiwT air quality, noise abatement, resentattvas o/ tits United States of Amsnea mental health and other matters related to total industrial ud wifnwwwity environment. The purpose of the proclamation, which my joint resolution would estab tn Congress assembled. That. In rscognmon eg tha need to preasrve the Nation's primary natural reaourot. tu employed population, and in recognition of thaao Individuals and csganiaauons seating to protect and Im prove tha health of tha Naum's work force lish. is to call the focus of public at tention to the field of industrial hygiene so that the average citizen can better understand and appreciate the past and present benefits be and his family may be receiving. Such knowledge will pro through tha ----eimmi eelenuae tneas- uraa. technological and engineering controls which characterise Industrial hygiene, the President Is authorised and nqueated to isBtis a proclamation designating tha parted uegtimnif oetohar 12. 1SCB. and ending Oc- toher it, lees, aa "National Industrial Hy vide the basis for Improved public con giene Weak." and nailing upon the people fidence in the willingness and ability of of tha United States and Interested groups American industry to solve not only cur and orgnnlaatiana to observe such week with rent health problems, but such new appropriate cercmonlcc and activities. Birch Bayh, Democrat, Indiana; Ted Stevens, Republics^ 1 .dus~r:al Hvgiene Diges seoter-.. oe r Industrial Hygiene includes the combined efforts of health professionals and scientists, technologists and engineers, all represented in the membership of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) and the American Con ference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). the principal associations of industrial hygienists; and the governing bodies of both of these organizations have indicated their support for an Industrial Hygiene Week in conjunction with IHF's Annual Meeting. As with scientific management generally, it is imperative to discriminate between numerous pressing problems related to health, those which do and do not lend themselves to measurement. The key occupational health discipline respon sible for such differentiation is Occupational Medicine, and the leading profession al organization of fully qualified occupational physicians whose members devote full time to the field is the American Academy of Occupational Medicine (AAOM). The president of AAOM called attention to the important progress which has been made so far through the concerted efforts of occupational physicians and industrial hygienists in a letter to Senator Dirksen. IHF, through its members, is unique in all the world and has a long record of service which provides visible indication of the interest of industrial manage ment in collaborating with labor and government to help further genuine health progress to the maximum practical advantage, as rapidly as possible. Willingness of the legislative body to consider this proposal indicates the importance of the field of Industrial Hygiene and recognition of the vital benefits being received by a large segment of our population---the nation's workforce. R. T. P. deTreville. M. D. 01 ii. Industrial.. H'/zier.e Diaeat IHF MEMBERSHIP NEWS AND ACTIVITIES otr -- - r | ALERT NURSES TO EYE SAFETY | Over the years, a great deal baa been written to acquaint the occupational health nurse with the knowledge and skills needed to carry out effective eye programs in industry. The eye emergency is one of the most threatening emergency situations confronting an occupa tional health nurse. Yet, in her basic education, very little is learned about handling an eye emergency Authoritative sources warn that complications can develop from what appears to be a relatively minor industrial accident. A foreign body sensation does not always mean that a foreign body has en tered the eye, because serious eye disease can start with a foreign body sensation. The eye condition must be properly diagnosed, because ophthalmic drops and ointment are contraindicated in certain conditions. What appears to be a foreign body could be a viral infection, where appropriate treatment and time are important in saving vision. Considering the responsibilities the occupational health nurse carries in diagnosing and ini tiating action for treatment of eye Injuries, there should be greater depth to her orientation in eye care. Doctor Hedwig S. Kuhn, an authority on industrial eye injuries, recommends that this orien tation, training, and continuing guidance be given by an ophthalmologist. Learning proper techniques for inspecting-an eye and being aware of the adverse effects from improper diagnosis and treatment will make her a more skilled practitioner. Doctor Kuhn adds some "don'ts" to the medical directives for eye care that she provides to occupational health nurses: Don't accept a worker's self-diagnosis of a flash burn. He may'have a foreign body in the eye. or an infection. Flash burns rarely affect only one eye, although the presenting complaint of many workers has been a flash burn in one eye. Don't insert ointment of any kind in an eye just prior to sending the patient to an ophthalmologist --Employers Insurance of Wausau -from Safety Newsletter (National Safety Council), July, 1969 AN AIR OF SATISFACTION Armco Steel Corporation's efforts to bring pollution problems to heel are paying off--due largely to the successful start-up of much of Armco's massive Project 600 expansion program. New facility start-ups mean that some of the company's more aging profit-producers--that also just happen to be some of the major pollutant-producers--are being phased out of the picture. Butler's new electric furnace shop is effectively signaling the closing of that plant's open hearth furnaces. Middletown's new basic oxygen furnace shop has eliminated half the open hearth capacity at that works. Ashland Works plans to eliminate its open hearths within the year, and Houston Works follows a year after Ashland. Equally Important to clearing the air, shutting down open hearth furnaces has an additional benefit--reduced melting coats. If the problem of pollution is great, the solution is gigantic. To date, ridding Armco plants of waste has involved the commitment and expenditure of millions of dollars worth of non-profit pro ducing pollution controls. The future? Probably additional millions of dollars in equipment just to keep pace with our growth. Since the turn of the century, you could tell a steel town by the dirt and the smoke. But Armco's steel producing plants are ridding themselves of the red smoke, and developing a real air of satisfaction--and furthering Armco's reputation as a good citizen. --Armco Steel Corporation, Quarterly Report to Shareholders, Second Quarter, 1969 iii. 01 132 4375 Septerr.oer. l36a Volume XXXIII Number 9 Industrial Hvg'.ene F -r.ia::;r. 5231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania L5232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News NEWS ITEMS 854 Job Safety Board Asked. President Nixon asked Congress to set up a five-member board to establish sweeping occupa tional health and safety standards. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Bill being pre pared by the Labor Dept.. the board would set forth and begin enforcing its standards on July 1. 1972. The board would be directed to look first to "national consensus standards" already established by hundreds of voluntary industry, labor, and other organizations. Violation of the standards, said Nixon in a special message to Congress, would be subject to a civil penalty of up to $10, 000. The board, headed by a $40, 000-a-year chairman, would be authorized to bar companies from government contracts for up to three years. The legislation would authorize the states to adopt their own health and safety regulations if they were at least as strong as the federal standards. The federal law would continue to apply in states not producing approved plans. "Few people realize the extent of needless illness, needless injury, and needless death which result from unsafe or unhealthy working conditions, " Nixon said. --American Medical News, 10 (Aug. 25. 19691 Editor's Note: Under Secretary of Labor James D. Hodgson will present a paper entitled "The Intent of Industrial Hygiene Standards" at the 34th Annual Meeting of Industrial Hygiene Foundation. Secretary Hodgson will be the opening speaker at 9:10 a. m. in the morning session of the first day's Management Conference, Tuesday, October 15. 1969, at Chatham Center. Pittsburgh, Pa., on "Understanding Industrial Hygiene Legislation--1969. " 855 National Safety Council. The National Safety Council's 57th Annual Safety Congress and Exposition will be held October 2730. 1969, in Chicago, 111. More than 200 program sessions are being planned, and the largest collection of safety equipment and products ever assembled will be on display during the Congress and Exposition. Further information may be obtained by writing At Henderson. National Safety Council, 425 North Michigan Avenue. Chicago, Illinois 60611. -Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. ^0, A-4 (May-June. 1969) 856 American College of Chest Physicians --First Fall Scientific Assembly. The Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting, the first fall scientific assembly, of the American College of Chest Physicians will be held on October 29 to November 2, 1969, in Chicago, Illinois. Further information may be obtained from Alfred Soffer, M.D.. American College of Chest Physicians. 112 East Chestnut Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611. --Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. ^0- 108 (July, 19691 857 American Public Health Association. The 97th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association will be held at the Civic Center, Philadelphia. Pa.. November 10-14, 1969. During this meeting, the 55th annual meeting of the Occupational Health Section. APHA. will hold three sessions. The Section luncheon wilt be on Wednesday, November 12, with Katherine Boucot. M.D., as the luncheon speaker. Infor mation may be obtained from Victoria Trasko, Bureau of Occupational Safety and Health, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202. --Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 30, A-4 (May-June, 1969) 1. 01 132 4386 Industrial Hvriene 858 Presentations Invited tor Air Pollution Conference. t The Air Pollution Control'Association invites^the submission of papers for the December, 1970, Conference of the International Union: of Air Pollution Prevention Associations to be held in Washington, D.l C. The,deadline for submission of proposals o present papers is January 31, 1970. Papers must be submitted by April 30.t 1970, to Professor Arthur C. Stern. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, P. O. Box 630, Chapel Hill. North Carolina 27514. --Am. Rev.Resp. Dis. 100, 108 (July, 1969) 1 ! 859 Health Physics Symposium. '' ' '' t t. The recent Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act (P. L. -90602) has placed increased demands' on the health physicists, industrial hygienists and others in positions responsible for personnel safety. The Fourth Annual Midyear Topical Symposium of the Health Physics Society, to be held January 28-30, ,19701. at'the Brown Hotel, Louisville, Kentucky, will be devoted to practical problems concerning the use of lasers and microwave generating equipment, etc. The program will include invited papers and contributed papers. Abstracts not exceeding 200 words should be submitted to,the Symposium Chairman by October 1. 1969. AH persons with an interest in the topic are.invited tc participate. For additional information regarding the program and exhibits, contact the Symposium Chairman. Dr. Wordie H. Parr, U. S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox. Kentucky 40121. --Aih. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 30. 317 (May-June. 1969) 860 Proceedings of Tenth and Eleventh Aspen Emphysema Conferences Available. Copies of the proceedings of the Tenth and' Eleyenth Aspen Emphysema Conferences. "Current Research in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. " are now available from the Superintendent of Documents, -U. S. Government Printing Office', Washington, D. C. 20402. Prices of the tenth and eleventh conference proceedings are -$2.75,and $2. 25, respectively. --Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 100. 108 (July, 1969) 861 Commerce Surveys Smelters' Air Pollution Abatement. In its series of air pollution control surveys, the Department of Commerce's Business and Defense Services Administration (BDSA) examined a. representative 23 smelters of the secondary nonferrous metals industry, an industry primarily engaged, in recovering nonferrous metals and alloys from scrap and dross. ; BDSA finds tliaithe cost for such control equipment--usually dry baghouse, electrostatic precipitator, wet scrubber.- or a combination of these devices--can be moderately significant elements of overall cost. BDSA finds that the annualized installed cost, plus the annual cost of operating, and maintaining the systems, is less than 1% of the annual value of shipments ($1.6 billion in 1967), -and is in the range of $1.35-1.70 per year for each cubic foot per minute of gas cleaning capacity.: In the U.'S., there are approximately 500 plants. . , --Environ. Sci. Technol. L 897 (Aug., 1969) 862 Smoke. According to the Washington, D. C.. Inter-agency Council on Smoking, these are some of the gases or chemical compounds in smoke from cigarettes: acetone, acetaldehyde, acetylene, acrolein, ammonia, butane,' carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ethane, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulphide, methane, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl chloride, methyl nitrate, nitrogen dioxide, propane, and propylene. - -Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 30. 244 (May-June. 1969) 863 Aviation Agencv Announces Noise Studies; The effects of aircraft noises and sonic booms ion-people and structures form the basis of recent contracts awarded by the Department of Transportation's Federal Aviation Administration to Stanford Research Institute (SRI): (Menlo Park,1 Calif.) and Wyle Laboratories (WL) (Huntsville. Ala.). Under a $129, 893 contract, SRI will study and analyze unusual noise effects (including the sonic boom)' upon special population groups. WL will study the effect of pressure waves on glass structures, under a' $63, 328 contract. Both studies were recommended in the "Report on Human Response to the Sonic Boom." ,, --Environ. Sci. Technol. L.697 (Aug.. 1969) zi 01 132 4387 t i 5 mmm ';-VrT---' * . V> yki Industrial Hygiene Digest reaterr.itr .- 864 West German Rules for Tetanus Prevention. *\ All children should be immunized is early as possible with the active toxoid suspension by receiving three injections at four-week intervals. Injuries should be treated as follows: (1) Those who have had at least two toxoid injections should be given a booster. (2) those who have received one or no toxoid injections should be given human immune globulin (tetanus), at least 250 units, and immunization with toxoid would be started immediately. Additionally, early surgical wound debridement and administration of antibiotics was recommended to the injured patients. These rules, leaving out the use of antitoxin except in cases where immune globulin is not available, have been worked out by a special task force of the German Surgical Society. --J. Am. Med. Assn. 208. 2170 (June 16, 1969) 865 Radiological Effects of Nuclear Power Plants. Radiological effects of nuclear power plants on Lake Michigan will be monitored in a continuing program. The first phase of the project will be a 15-month study directed by University of Michigan oceanography professor John C. Ayers and G. Hoyt Whipple, professor of radiological health. The Michigan team will draw up a balance sheet of presently occurring radioactive materials, including their distribution in the Lake Michigan biosphere. The question. Dr. Ayers says, is how many nuclear power plants can be installed and operated without adversely affecting aquatic life. The outlook: You could probably ring the lake with nuclear plants. Dr. Ayers says, without significantly altering the radiological background. --Chem. Eng. News 7, 39 (Aug. 4. 1969) 866 Labeling Requirements for Hazardous Substances. The Commissioner of Food and Drugs concludes that changes in current hazardous substances regulations are necessary to provide for adequate labeling of certain products because the degree of hazard for articles requiring the signal word "Danger" or "Poison" is such that if all cautionary information is not on the main panel of the label, the statement "Read panel for precautions and emergency instructions, " the blank being filled with the identification of the specific label panel which bears the precautions and emergency instructions, should appear on the main panel in addition to the signal word and statement of principal hazard or hazards. Any interested person may, within 30 days from the date of publication of this notice in the Federal Register, file with the Hearing Clerk, Deparnent of Health. Education, and Welfare. Room 5440, 330 Independence Avenue SW., WashingtSn^ D. C. 20201. written comments (preferably in quintuplicate) regarding this proposal. --Federal Register 2^. 14129 (Sept. 6, 1969) 867 Gamblers Face Double Risk. Rodale's Health Bulletin for July 26 mentions that some kinds of gamblers are taking chances with their health as well as with their money. Card players, the publication says, can contract "blackjack dermatitis. " which is caused by a reaction to the chromatic salts used to dye the green felts on the tables. Crap shooters, moreover, can develop varicose veins. --Chem. Eng. News 47. 84 (Aug. 11, 1969) COMING EVENTS I 868 Oct. 1-5 Oct. 2- 4 American Society for Information Science, 32nd Annual Meeting, San Francisco. California American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, Portland, Oregon 3. 01 132 4388 ik; ' '\' Industrie. Tie Digest J. s-iOierr.se?. . -- . Oct. 3 Oct. Oct. Oct. 3- 8 5- 9 5-10 Oct. 5-40 Oct. 6-10 Oct. 7- 8 Oct. 9-10 Oct. 11-12 Oct. 12-16 Oct. 13-16 Oct. 13-17 v Oct. 14-15 Oct. 16-17 Oct. 16-17 Oct. 18-23 Oct. 19-22 Oct. 20 Oct. 23-29 Oct. 27-29 Oct. 27-30 Oct. 29-30 Oct. 29-31 Oct. 29-Nov. 2 Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 9th Annual Eastern Regional Meeting. New York. New York American Oil Chemists1 Society. 43rd Fall Meeting. Minneapolis, Minnesota : Water Pollution Control Federation. Dallas, Texas . 17th Annual Joint Engineering Management Conference. ASME. IEEE. AICHE. ISA, Montreal. Quebec. Canada . Electrochemical Society, Fall Meeting, Detroit. Michigan American College of Surgeons (Annual). San Francisco, California Symposium on Diabetes and Insulin Research. Omaha. Nebraska Eye Bank Association of America, Chicago, Illinois : American Association of Ophthalmology, Chicago, Illinois American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, Saint Louis. Missouri Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Annual Meeting. Washington. D. C. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 20th Annual Meeting. Dallas, Texas . j Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 34th Annual Mooting, Chatham Center. Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania American Association of Automotive Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota Clinical Orthopaedic Society, Louisville, Kentucky American Academy of Pediatrics, Chicago,. Illinois ; American College of Gastroenterology, Houston, Texat American Association of Poison Control Centers. 12th manual Meeting. Chicago. ` Illinois - . - American Society of Anesthesiologists. San Francisco. California Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington. D. C. : , 'r 57th Annual Safety Congress and Exposition, National Safety Council, Chicago. Illinois American Association fOr the Study of Liver Diseases. Chicago, Illinois Parenteral Drug Association, Annual Convention, New York, New York American College of Cheat Physicians. Chicago, Illinois LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 869 Registration of Fuel Additives. . T ', * The Government has proposed rules for mandatory registration of fuel additives. This was the first formal step in implementing provisions of the 1967 Clean Air Act Amendments which pro hibit the interstate sale of any fuel unless its additives have been registered with the Department of Health. Education, and Welfare; ' Purpose'of this requirement, which applies to all fuels, is , to take a hard'look at health effects of fuel additives and their combustion products. Manufac-. ' turers have 60 days, from the time the-rules become effective to notify HEW's National Air Pollution Control Administration that they are selling the designated fuel. They then have 30 more days to submit information about the additives: recommended concentration, composition, combustion and emission product breakdown, and toxicity. One requirement that is likely to draw industry fire is that all necessary research to provide air pollution emission and toxicity data "in those cases where such information is nOt currently available" must be completed within ! , a year. ' --Chem. Eng. News 47, 33 (Aug. 4. 1969) i 870 Smoke Emission Standards. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has served notice that it is considering establishing smoke emission standards basedonmore technical information from its own and industry's research programs,- notably efforts .by Du Pont.! The FAA move parallels, in part. Commerce's activities under the amended Flammable Fabrics Act. FAA's notice asks for participation by interested parties such as aircraft manufacturers and material producers in the proposed rule making. Existing FAA regulations, require cabin materials to pass flammability tests, but do not provide for practical smoke emission levels. --Chem. Eng. 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S s >* o a 4 >?s J-a b ,|I S * aI11->9HB u8Xx il 3"!:' I 2 E sS3; S S ?8l:S S * Ji eB yu 5s i S.JS-3 5-- a m if.3 -2f i x x E 3 sIi ** S * s " " 3 .!< 1 S IS ; 932 111 *2-9 =* ^ ey oy 5Ca 25 2 is y . i a in 5 S a. Ill S3 X- " S !x .,,- ill ?U ^51 r*. c* x^x CM cc <B x. cu V t4 S0 >x (3 u u (0 Oc 4(c-3* o E Q u a) > o G W* 0 V uc 4> t, 0) Uch o U c U In 4> s < PREFACE E 0 u cc M to tn a lx QJ CL JZ ++ C y 4a G H k, CL V cc it I =1SS ^ t 2u * sim it ft 1r Hill; ", *03 --?Jj ?-- *"r w, S .o niSHt * v .2 a |f! |l IIJsl! | I. . 8mi 1 UlSsS 3 si v* 1ifIIIf nm*& Hifiti *g.-3'3 *i'*-rSsS killIlf i;ii .it I iff if ll ! s""a a*" e Ss|k iiff Hill *-piis g s*ii;alf 1*1 Ilnf ii.l Ikilhli {i-l! |i|ll ilifiti! nil; -11* tIMI . | a aJ 3 3"?sSSI'l J o,,fc -- * ' iipil! >|tsin sf <li?| sis s 8 u2wi. ;i ,' ss3 1 = *fi* 3 l|l=`:;i| iiiillii w- 8 g !i fi*>"5r2**38afli-l ' 41L 3:s! s5 8s isSfs. tr talsll|s! Industrial Hvrier.e Digest 871 Monosodium_Glutamate_(MSG); Controversy continues over the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Dr. A. G. Ebert. International Minerals and Chemical Corp. scientist, testified before Sen. McGovern's (D. -S.D.) nutrition committee that his studies with rats and rabbits showed no brain damage or offspring malformation attributable to MSG. Dr. John Olney earlier gave testimony that implied MSG might be deleterious to humans. In his experiments, he found evidence of brain damage in mice fed and injected with MSG. McGovern called on FDA to investigate the effects of MSG. -Chem. Eng. News 47, 31 (Aug. 1 1. 1969) 872 Testing New Drugs. Responsibility for testing new drugs would shift to the Food and Drug Administration, but industry would pick up the tab. under a bill introduced by Sen. Gaylord Nelson (D. -Wis.). S. 2729 would set up a National Drug Testing Center for some in-house testing as well as contracting out studies to "qualified" individuals and organizations. Sen. Nelson thinks those performing current tests aren't so qualified. "Abbreviated studies, ineptly designed protocols, and deficiencies in clinical investigations" are some of the reasons behind his bill, he says. The drug industry could still perform its own tests, of course. --Chem. Eng. News 47, 25 (Aug. 11. 1969) BOOKS. PAMPHLETS AND NOTICES 873 Profiles of Burn Management. N. H. Stone, editor. Available from: Industrial Medicine Pub lishing Co., Inc., Medical Book Division, 9703 S. Dixie Hwy., Bax 546, Miami. Florida 33156. viii + 51 pp. (1969). Price: $5.00. A revised edition of six articles published originally in Industrial Medicine and Surgery from August through December, 1968, bringing together graphic summaries of therapeutic and tech nical aspects of burn management, heavily reliant on practice and personal experience. The compendium emphasizes the importance of The Burn Unit for serious cases and the need for knowledgeable initial treatment of burn patients for optimum relief, restoration and rehabilita tion. Appropriately and adequately color-illustrated, the text touches on a variety of treatment practices for a variety of types and degrees of burns, including excision, grafting and post operative care as well as a brief treatise of complications associated with burns. The book appears to be reasonably comprehensive in subject coverage but with limited depth on any par ticular phase of burn management. --H. M. B. 874 Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry. Volume II. Physical and Chemical Methods. C. A. Williams and M. W. Chase, editors. Available from: Academic Press, 111 Fifth Ave. , New York. N. Y. 10003. xvii + 459 pp. (1968). Price: $22.00. This Volume H is from a series of four volumes treating the topic of immunology and immuno chemistry, with Volume II emphasizing general chemical and physicochemical methods of sig nificant utility for immunological research. It is, in fact, a collection of methods, contributed by some twenty-six authors, carefully organized in seven sections (or chapters): Electrophoresis: Ultracentrifugation; Dialysis and Ultrafiltration; Chromatographic Separations; Optical Analysis; Radioisotopes and Their Applications; and Chemical Analysis. In addition, three appendixes provide text on Spectral Properties of Proteins; Buffers; and Powder Block Electrophoresis. This book is a technical text in nature with liberal literature references throughout, making it a "methods reference handbook." It does not appear to be written for the reader with broad scientific curiosity because of its attention to methods and procedures detail. Rather it appears to be quite specifically for the advanced student and the practicing immunologists and immunochemists plus their technical laboratory staff. Author and subject indexes are provided. --H. M. B. 01 132 4390 5. mtru: Hygiene Direst ' Seatetr.oer i '! 875 Proceeding* of the First Australian PneumoconioiisConferenceheid witM,. n.. University of Sydney. February ! 2. 13 nnd 14,: 1968. Available from; The Executive Sgr.twl ri,.t i.,.. traiinn Pneumoconiosis Conference, c/o Joint Coni Board.- Box ?342 G.P.O., Sydney. Australia 2001. x + 573 pp. (1968). Price: $10.00 includes postage. I | j In 1950 the SydneylnternationalConferenc* of Experts on Pneumoconiosis re-defined pneumo- | . coniosis as "a diagnosable dfeeaseTof the lungs produced by the inhalation of dust. the term dust { being understood to refer to particulate matter in the solid phase, but excluding living organisms". By definihg it thus the Conference took two*important steps (1) it omitted the word "fibrosis" which until then hiad been widely regarded as an^essentiarcomponent of pneumoconiosis--thus _'* ' allowing the term to embrace certain more recently recognised forms such as those due to coal. beryllium, metallic dusts,; organic dusts, and some very'large molecule's and (2) it used the term "diagnosable disease" :to ensure, that, some* objective manifestation of disease is present before the label is applied. V.In"most cases' this takes the form of an abnormal ch*st:x-ray or, nowadays, respiratory function test. It is self evident-that to.-cause pneumoconiosis a dust must be relatively insoluble in body-fluids and this helps to explain why certain materials such as limestone and marble do aoi give rise to pneumoconiosis.Given sufficient exposure the in halation of almost any insoluble dust can cause a pneumoconiosis, but coal and silica dusts are much.more widely encountered thanothers. The two forms of pneumoconiosis caused by these dusts--silicosis and coal dust pneumoconiosis--are very much more eommon than other forms and indeed are still of widespread occurrence throughout the world. ) j 1 . ] [ j ; Furthermore, certain duets'have been found-by long experience to be more harmful thanothers. particularly insofar as. the lungs are concerned;]; but also when injected. Amongst these silica. talc and asbestos stand .out. These three dusts are distinguished from the so-called "inert" dusts such as coal and most silicates by their tendency to provoke excess fibrosis, or scarring, stiffening and thickening, whether in the lungs or in other tissues. This is related to their physico-chemical nature and to specific effects thus determined oh the tissue reactions of the. body. Such fibrosis is the main constituent of sllicosls and asbestosis, being typically distributed in discrete nodules.in silicosis and more diffuse through.the lower parts of the lungs In asbes tosis. Silica dust 'also seems to encourage the growth of the tubercle bacillus should it be present in the lungs. Such encouragement leads to the combined condition of silico-tubereulosis. from which in former years many silicoties died in early; middle age. ' ! j ( j j'. Other types of dust, including many formerly classified as "inert", tend to cause different bodily reactions which fortunately,- except for coal duet.pneumoconiosis, are by and large of much rarer occurrence. Certaln metalUc dusts or fumes produce more emphysema (or des truction of the lungs) than fibrosis'.'; Other.metals cause no apparent reaction but are themselves ! opaque to x-rays. Iron,, barium and tin oxides; for example,; produce very little-fibrotic reaction. J Coal dust is intermediate, in its'action, tending to cause a limited flbrotic reaction of fine nodular distribution, with associated emphysema.' A. somewhat similar .reaction may be evoked by certain silicates and by hard metal'. Beryllium;.dust promotes a granulomatous (or fleshy) overgrowth -! of tissue, which may return to,normal or alternatively,may leave in its wake a permanent lung fibrosis. Many organic flbre;dusts, .for`example"cottoh,. flax and also some-dusts from cereal grains: tendto irritate the finer bronchial airways and alveoli, .often causing recurrent illness resembling a type-of allergic reaction.' This may finally lead to a certain amount of diffuse fibrosis of the lung. Dusts from mouldy hay, from'mushrooms and some bird excreta, and also possibly some forms of hairapray',ihay;cause a fine nodular pneumonitis (or lung inflammation) which usually clear* but in some indivlduals progresses to:a-;permanent diffuse fibrosis or honey- } combing of the. lungs.,/Certain types, of living .organisms such as mould spores-and some bacteria , I may give-rise to similar lung reactions, so that the .borderline between pneumoconiosis and j certain diseases caused by living organisms is not sharply defined. j- Another aspect of ladustrialdust which determines both its ability to produce, pneumoconiosis and the general nature of the disease1 is* its fairly typical size distribution within the range 0.1 to 30 or 50 micron diameter, with a particle number peak size at or a little belowl micron and a mass peak at from 3 to 10 micron diameter. The mean sixes retained in the lungs tend to be. a little lower due' to the filtering effect of the nose,. trachea and bronchi. There are slight differences with fibrous material such as asbestos; ;eottoh and flax dusts. Coarser particles . such as roadway dust do not remain suspended for long except in- strong winds, but in any case do not reach the .lung tissue lf.'iakaled. 'Nevertheless some such particles may.be quite irritating to the nose and bronchi--for example, soot. Finerparticles as in the smoke and fume range I .j ' it 'il Industrial Hygiene Duest (0. 001 to 0. 1 micron) are usually only deposited in small amounts in the lungs and bronchial airways. But they, together with gaseous irritants, tend to be implicated more and more as time goes by in the causation of the now very common diseases of chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, emphysema. The Table of Contents includes: The Pneumoconioses; Oust Sampling--Instrumentation and Standards--A Review; Dust Sampling Instrument Comparison at Broken Hill. N.S.W.; Dust and Dust Sampling in South Africa; Discussion; Sampling and Control of Airborne Dust in Bituminous Coal Mining in the U.S.A.; Pneumoconiosis in N.S.W. Coal Miners; Dust Sampling and Control in Coal Mines in N.S.W. Part I; Dust Sampling and Control in Coal Mines in N.S.W. Part II: Discussion; Dust Sampling and Dust Control in Metalliferous Mines; Pneumoconiosis at Broken Hill; Dust Control Practices and Techniques in the Broken Hill Mines; Dust Sampling and Dust Control at Mount Isa; Discussion; Pneumoconiosis in New South Wales; The Control of Dust in Tunnelling and Excavation Work; Discussion; Pneumoconiosis in Queensland; Dust Control in Quarries; Discussion; The Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms in Western Australian Cold Miners Compared with Coal Miners; Asthmatic Reactions to Occupational Inhalants; Rarer Forms of Pneumoconiosis; Asbestos Mining, Wittenoon, W.A.; Asbestos Dust Exposure; Dust Exposure and Control in Factories; Pneumoconiosis in Victoria; Dust and Dust Control in Foundries: Discussion; The Medical Control of Pneumoconiosis; A Review of Physical and Chemical Methods for the Determination of Quartz; Discussion. --Cond. from text 876 Environmental Health Planning Guide. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service. Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service. 1968. Public Health Service Publication No. 823, 1968 Revision, iv + 100 pp. Available from: Superinten dent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D, C. 20402. Price: SI. 00. Designed to assist.in the preparation of the environmental health plan as a part of the compre hensive health plan (physical, mental and environmental) prepared by each State and urban area, this publication has limited application, as an introductory or training document for lay and general health oriented groups. As originally published, the Guide, was based upon experiences gained in working with diverse groups in ten different urban areas, large and small. The varied sponsors included health departments, planning departments, chambers of commerce, city and county governments, and a mixed committee of industrial, commercial and citizen representa tives. The first revised edition incorporated experience gained through working with an additional twenty-five urban areas, including metropolitan areas. The revision reflected knowledge gained in various categorical fields and included a strengthened chapter on implementation. The second revision represented an attempt to make the document more responsive to 1966 Federal Partner ship for Health Legislation, Public Law 89-749 and Model Neighborhoods in Demonstration Cities under the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, Public Law 89-754. --Cond. from Preface 877 Home Care Programs in Arthritis. A Manual for Patients. (Pamphlet). The Arthritis Founda tion. Available from; The Arthritis Foundation, 1212 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N. Y. 10036. 24 pp. (1969). Price: Not given. This manual presents, for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and similar arthritic diseases, general instructions on their care at home. It is designed as an aid to the physician, a supple ment to the specific treatment program and advice he gives his patients. Not everything in it applies to every patient. Whan the physician gives the manual to a patient, he should point out and discuss those exercises and other sections which apply in each case. The procedures des cribed in this booklet will not cure arthritis. This statement is so Important that it can't be repeated often enough. Arthritis sometimes goes away by itself, but there are no medical or other measures which can cure it or make it go away. There are, however, measures which can make it better or keep it from getting worse. The effects of the disease can become much worse if a proper treatment program is not followed. One of the chief dangers is keeping an arthritic joint immobilized. This can lead to dexormity and crippling. The exercises and other procedures outlined here can prevent crippling. They are often essential in keeping a patient from becoming seriously disabled, and in improving the function of joints already seriously affected. This manual tells a patient what he can and should do about his arthritis at home, alone or with the help of others. But it is not a do-it-yourself substitute for being under the care of a physician. Used only if the patient's physician advises it. and in the way he prescribes for each patient, it should be a valuable aid in both prevention of disability and rehabilitation of individuals with this common chronic disease. --Introduction modified 7. 01 132 4392 :.-.eu*tr:*i Hygiene Oiten 3ater i . i . 878 Nure Can Give and Teach Rehabilitation. A Manual. Second Edition. Mildred J. 'Allgire.. Available from: Springer Publishing Co., Inc 29P Park Ave. South, New York, N. Y.- 10003. 93 pp. (19681; Price: S2.00. > V The first edition of "Nurses Can Give and Teach!Rehabilitation" was so favorably received- thousands of copies sold in English-speaking countries, and translation in three foreign languages -- that the author was encouraged to prepare this second edition. According to Miss Allgire (page 7). new material is included on the growing needs and values of physical rehabilitation nursing, on understanding and meeting the patient's emotional heeds, and on the importance of providing adequate fluids and nutrition, as well as a chapter on training for the bladder and bowel control. Other additions include techniques for making an asaessment of the patient's nursing care needs,, and for making nursing care-plans that; will provide :for meeting the needs of the chronically iil person. The language is non-technical and many diagrams and pictures giving step-by-step procedures give graphic; descriptions to nurses caring for patients.of all age groups and many disabling conditions. - It;will be useful to-nurses working'in hospitals and convalescent nursing homes, and to public haalth nurses working inthehomeaof patients. It certainly also will be a valuable tool for inservice education teachers who teach principles of physical rehabilitative care in the classroom. 'Although its principal purpose is to guide nurses who have no special rehabilitation facilities available^ it also aims to serve nurses who work in fully equipped areas, and stresses the importance of early recognition and treatiaeiit of deformity and disability, since research has shown that early care is the key.:to| helping the patient achieve a maximum partici pation in the normal processes of .living. Miss Allgire's new manual is a concise, but complete coverage of its. subject that should be a'boon to' people concerned with rehabilitation in all its. aspects. --M. C. C. )- 879 The Biochemistry of the Nucleic.Acids. .Sixth edition. J. N. Davidson. Methuen and Co., Ltd... London. Available ihU.S.'A; from: .Barnes and'Noble, Inc. , .105 Fifth Ave;, New York, N. Y. 10003. xvi -f -352 pp. (May, 19691.' Price: $8-. 00. I ; Since the fifth edition/ published in 1965,'the'explosive'increase in acquired knowledge of the nucleic acid field/ particularly in Relation to problems qf conformation, of biosynthesis and of the genetic code, has'made it mandatory .to rewrite several of the chapters, extensively revise the remainder, eUminating much obsolete raaterial. This book is intended to provide an elemen tary outline of the main features of the nucleic acids and hucieoproteins for the benefit of students of biochemistry, of chemists and. of biologists;, ,The author has tried to update the,'book to late 1968, but inevitably'more recent developments can be found to have occurred while the book was being readied for publication. . Each chapter ls provided with rather extensive references both to ' reviews and to important original papers. The introduction. Chapter 1, provides a brief ex cursion into the past to pbt the text in proper ttihe orientation and technicological perspective. The very liberal use of references makes the total volume appear to be an annotated bibliography, but it is so much more.. It is a current text and-a reference-library on the subject in one volume. The book reads smoothly ahd'.the' subjectmatter .appears qtiite logically presented. It should be a valuable addition to the library of'those working in the field, for students, hoping to' learn more about the field, and for the inquiring mind who has an interest in the subject. ,--H. M. B. I INDUSTRIA L MEDICAL PRACTICE I 880 A New Health Professional--The Environtologist. T. R. Tabershaw. Arch. Environmental Health 18. 811-815 (May, 1969). \ '}x.. ' The word "environtologist" hasbeencoinedln response tothe need toflnd a single.easily understandable term to designates professional! person whose functions in the field of health involve a dynamic concept of the interdependence of health and environment. The principal factors.are a unifying concept, or!, doctriny, asubetantive body of scientific knowledge, a common ethic, and a sharply defined area-of practice shared by its members, which is directed to a fundamental personal or social, need of man. The unifying doctrine of the environtologist is unambiguous'--to improve the environment in order to preserve the health of man and the quality of living. The. area of activity id clearly delineated --the interface where man reacts with his. environment.- The scientific basis for practiee is.substautive--the environmental health sciences. 132 4393 8. Industrial Hygiene Dizest ^ * * *V -. * Practicing emrirontologists are employed mostly in government, many in educational institutions, and some in industry. Professional societies linked by this common interest already exist and their members strongly identify with each other. As professionals, their standard for performance is higher than what is legally required, and they feel constrained by the inadequacy of legislative support. Traditional public health filled a void which the medical profession was unwilling or unable to fill. Environtology, under the goad of urbanization, population growth, and advancing technology, and based on the environmental health sciences is now filling the void which traditional public health has not filled satisfactorily. "About the only factor left to make environtology an established rather than an emerging profession is recognition by the state of educational achieve ment and licensing to limit the entry of the unqualified and insufficiently trained, " the author con cludes. There are 6 references. --Cond. from text. 881 The Case of Mary, Queen of Scots. Some Further Medical Notes. (Doctor Out of Zebulunl. E. P. Scarlett. Arch. Internal Med. 123. 591-593 (May, 1969). An article which Macalpine and Hunter published in the British Medical Journal in 1966, 1 dealt with King George 111 of Great Britain. As the result of their studies, they concluded that the malady from which George had suffered, rather than being what traditionally had been regarded as manic-depressive psychosis, was in fact due to porphyria. They then continued their investi gation to conclusively establish the diagnosis of porphyria, and proceeded to survey the hered itary background in several generations of the three royal houses of Stuart, Hanover, and Prussia. ^ Gunther, in his early study, 3 provided the first knowledge of the disease. He des cribed the triad of abdominal pain, constipation (or diarrhea), and vomiting associated with the disorder. Waldenstrom, in a classic monograph, 4 described acute intermittent porphyria as a familial disorder running a chronic course with exacerbations of Gunther's triad, with neurolog ical involvement, varying mental symptoms, and usually a grossly increased urinary porphobil inogen level during attacks. In 1959, Dean and Barnes5 described a type of porphyria in South Africa which they named "variegate porphyria, " characterized by the symptoms noted by Gunther and Waldenstrom and, in addition, traumatization of the skin and intolerance of sunlight. Other features were frequent occurrence of symptom-free members in the family line, the great lia bility of barbiturates to provoke acute attacks, increased urinary porphobilinogen levels during attacks, in the quiescent stage (noted by later observers) large amounts of porphyrin-peptide conjugates (designated X-porphyrin), this latter feature being of diagnostic significance. Other features are spasms in the chest with respiratory embarrassment; pain in the limbs; muscular weakness; transient paralysis affecting preferably the extensor groups; mental symptoms ranging from depression or excitement to delirium, convulsions, and coma; insomnia; loss of voice; transient visual impairment; headache; vasomotor disturbances; and skin lesions. Convalescence is usually marked by great debility. The disease may run a fulminating course or recur at varying intervals. The age at onset is usually early, but rarely before puberty. During attacks the urine is colored from deep amber to a port wine hue (a feature of historical pathographic importance). The disorder, porphyria, can clearly be traced back to Mary, Queen of Scots. Then it appears in her son, James VI of Scotland and I of England, and his son, Henry, Prince of Wales, who died in an attack at the age of 18. Through James I's daughter, Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, it passed to her daughter Sophia, wife of Ernst August, Elector of Hanover, the foundress of the British House of Hanover, and thence to her son George 1 of England, and to George III and his descendants. In George Hi's family, four of his sons and his granddaughter. Princess Charlotte, were affected. Through Sophia, also, it passed to her daughter, Sophia Charlotte, wife of Frederick I, King of Prussia, and in the Brandenburg-Prussian line to Frederick the Great, German cousin to George HI. Of prime importance in such revelations is the light that is now thrown on the personal histories of a succession of rulers, notably Mary, Queen of Scots, George IH, and George IV. A professional historian, John Brooke, Ph. D., senior editor. Historical Manuscripts Commission, London, discusses these disclosures in some detail. ^ He states that they may have the greatest consequence in historical circles, particularly in the case of George m, in which connection this new diagnosis is of the utmost importance. He also examines the history of George IV in the light of this new evidence. The importance of such renewed examination la evident when one remembers that the reigns of these two sovereigns spanned crucial years in British history-- the secession of the American Colonies, the French Revolution, the Napoleonic wars, and the 9. 01 132 4394 i Industrial Hvgic.g Zittsz a.- ^ beginning of the Industrial Revolution^'- The editor oit the Brttiah Medical iaumii commenting on these studies of Dr.Macalpine andher associates. 7 echoes die opinion of Or. Brooke in his assessment of their historical value.. To underline further the importance of this work, a mono graph has been prepared1 dealing with the whole subject, entitled Porphyria; A Roval Malady. It comprises Tbipages. is published by the. British Medical Journal. had by writing to B. M.A. House, Tavistock Square, London, W.C. 1, England. The booklet contains the 1966 articleby Ors. Macalpins and Hunter;on George nrs illness, the paper by et el (1968) on porphyria in three royal houses, Dr.John Brooke's article on the historical . Implications of porphyria, and an account of the porphyrias by. Prof. Abe Goldberg. - i'--Coai. from text iI Editor's Note; This "occupational malady" illustrates the importance of (1) host (genetotrophic) factors in chronic disease etiology, (2) retrospective epidemiological studies where there is a well-defined pathological entity such as<porphyria,: and (3) proper job placement. ,5; 'i:'"- : 'v,:\,'y --r. t. p. deT. 1. Macalpine, I., and Hunter, R.: The"Insanity" of George HI: AClassic Case of Porphyria. Brit. Med. J. 1:65-71 (Jan. 8, 1966). y i . r 2. Macalpine, I.; Hunter.R.; and Rimington, C.: Porphyria in the Royal Houses of Stuart. Hanover and Prussia: AFollow-upStudyof George IB's Illness, Brit. Med. J. 1:7-18 (Jan., 6,' 1968). .C 1 -;:V'- -- 3. Gunther, H. : Ergebn. AUg. Path. Path. Anat.- 20 (pt 1):608, 1922. 4. Waldenstrom, J,: Studies, uber die Porphyrie, Acta Med. Scand., suppl, 82, p. 73, 1937.. 5. Dean. G., and Barnes, H. D.:' Porphyria,.; S. Afr. Med. J. 33:246, 1959. 6. - Brooke, Ji: Historical Implications of Porphyria,' Brit. Med. J. 1,: 109-111 (Jan. 13. 1968).. 7. Revision of History, editorial. Brit. Med. J. V:74 (Jan, 13. 1968)7 f i j ! ! ; ! j 882 Physiologist's Response to ^On a View of Undiagnosed Distress." (Editorial). A. B. Craig, Jr. Arch. Internal Med. 123, 594-595 (May. 1969); For most physiological functions we do not know the variability within the population. In part, the physiologists> must taka blame. Most studies of human physiology involve five to ten subjects. Although such a sample slze is usually adequate to define and to fathom many physiological problems, It.does not provide a reasonable basis for understanding people. In general, our present teaching of physiological concepts neglects the idea of individuality in sensitivity, tolerance,, or responsiveness. For a number of years, the writer and a co-worker argued almost daily about the .temperature in the laboratory.- ; He maintained that the temperature wae too high, and she. closed tbe<>windows as fast as he could open thetn, , He became convinced that she was slightly, "crocky".on the.subject,, and she felt.that he was inconsiderate and "pig-headed." In talking about the problem further,' it was discovered that her hands were cold- mosrof the morn ing or after any minor cold stimulation during the day. ' This lead was followed up. A common physiological test for cold intolerance Is to immerse the hand in ice water. This often produces blanching of the skin which .in Raynaud*Ls. phenomenon persists and is accompanied by pain. It was not possible to show any difference in the reaction-of my co-worker from others except'for the verbiage during immersion. We then.tiled a milder stimulus, 20 C water. Most subject's finger temperature decreases rapidly and within two to four minutes equals the water temperature -(unpublished data). -This was .her, response-also, but-after immersion the finger temperature showed little recovery in two houirs. >.Usually, .subjects'will,rewarm the finger in 10 to 20 min- ' utes. Furthermore, if a person is; in a warm environment (40 C) the finger will remain 4 to 5 C . above the water temperature, but her finger temperature decreased to that of tee water even in a hot room. We have, identified one other such person out of about 20 tested. She also had had considerable, interpersonal conflict at homs and at work. As a "follow-up, it is worth mentioning that the laboratory is still much too warm, but that the author's office is new separate and pleas antly cool. In the above example, the' subject'Si response, to a mild and local cold exposure could not really be considered "abnormal."-Her response probably falls at .the extreme range of normal responses., Being in that region of the normal distribution curve implies that usual indoor temp erature environment is inadequate, for the temperature setting is decided by a population described by plus and minusa certain deviation from .the mean.;. She.is not within this latter group in re !; gard to local temperature regula|jo in the extremities. --Cond. from text Editor's Note: Mr,.Douglas Soutar, yil^sj^i3^flstriai Relations and Personnel. Am erican Smelting and Refining; Co. , will speak on "How Industrial Hygiene`Enginesring Contributes to Good Personnel Administration" at Industrial; Hygiene Foundation's 34th Annual Meeting Tech nical Conference, October 15, 1969, at Chatham Center, Pittsburgh, Pa. The above example illustrates a human relations problem, common'-among industrial personnel, .in which the indus trial hygienist may be helpful. --R. T. P. deT. ' io./ . M ' V.'. Industrial Hvzier.e Digest 883 Residency Training in Community Medicine. A New Concept Utilizing Proven Principles. R. L. Kane and H. S. Fulmer. Arch. Environmental Health 18. 844-847 (May. 19691. The three-year reaidency program in Community Medicine ia multiphaaic involving the following: (1) an elective phaae that allowe a year of concentration within a clinical apecialty of choice: (2) tutorial aeaaiona in epidemiology, bioatatiatica, and medical care; (3) practice teaching in the aophomore and aenior medical echool couraea in community medicine; and (4) an original reaearch project. The early and continued involvement in the departments teaching program providee reinforcement of the acquiaition of principlea of epidemiology and preventive medicine. The department and the reaident are baaed within the medical aehool, and encourage effective interaction between community medicine and other clinical aervicea. There are 5 referencea. --Author*' aummary 884 Sleep and Wakefulness in a Group of Shift Workera. G. S. Tune. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 26. 54-58 (Jan., 1969). Fifty-two ahift workera recorded their houra of aleep and wakefulneaa for a period of 10 week*. Compared with matched non-ahift-working control aubjecta it waa found that they took a higher average duration of aleep per 24 houra and more and longer napa outaide the major aleep period. A compariaon of the on and off duty recorda from the ahift workera alswed that a aleep debt was incurred during the former which waa largely paid off by taking long napa in the latter. It is suggested that the longer aleep taken by ahift workers may be necessary in order to pay off specific kinds of aleep debt. --Author'a abat. 885 Experimental Scurvy in Man. R. E. Hodgea, et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2Z, 535-548 (May, 19691. Six apparently healthy men volunteered for metabolic studies of human scurvy. Four developed the clinical aigna of follicular hyperkeratoais of the thighs, buttocks, calves, and posterior aspects of the arms, swollen bleeding gums, perifollicular hemorrhages and congested follicles, and conjunctival hemorrhages. Biochemically there was virtually complete disappearance of ascorbic'acid from the blood and urine. Blood counta, numerous biochemical measurements, the rate of wound healing, and physiological teats including electrocardiograms, electroenceph alograms, basal metabolism rates, and blood coagulation studiea showed no abnormalities as a result of induced scurvy. The preaent studiea do not provide sufficient evidence to estimate the optimal daily allowance of ascorbic acid. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews 886 Ocular Lesions in Scurvy. J. Hood and R. E. Hodges. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 22, 559-567 (May, 1969). Despite the recorded rarity of ocular vascular lesions in human scurvy, conjunctival lesions appeared during deprivation of ascorbic acid in five of nine volunteers who participated in two studies of experimental scurvy in man (three of four men in the first study and two of five in the second). The ocular lesions often appeared early in the development of clinical scurvy and were first noted after deprivation of ascorbic acid for 74 to 95 days. These lesions varied from minute bulbar conjunctival hemorrhages and varicosities to a large subconjunctival hemorrhage accompanied by palpebral petechial hemorrhages, and conjunctival congestion. - -J. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews 887 Tennis Leg. A. I. Froimson. J. Am. Med. Assn. 209, 415-416 (July 21, 1969). Tennis leg is a painful condition of partial tearing of the medial belly of the gastrocnemius, caused by overstretching the muscle by concomitant ankle dorsiflexion and full knee extension. Contributory factors are muscle fatigue and degenerative changes. Simple conservative treat ment is effective and permanent disability does not result. Prodromic calf aching has been discussed permits preventive measures to be taken. A diagnosis of plantaris tendon rupture is erroneous. There are 5 references. --Author's abst. 11. 01 132 4396 rr; '|0> 'ik; m ;:i. V r-rr I.-.cu<trta. Hvjiene Digest srtter. 3<f 888 Clinical AoeeM and Pathogenetla of Chronic Bronchitis. - (In Japanese). K. Ito, et al. Jap. J. Cheat. DU. 27, 829-842 (Dec., 1968). Stricter criteria for chronic bronchitis than that of Fletcher's, including a certain amount of | a putum and bronchographic findings. were ap: .ed in the analysis of patients with chronic bronchitia, and 243 case# were selected for tnia study. A maaa outbreak of chronic bronchitia in the Yokkaichi area where air contaminationwjas heavy wa* alao inveatigated. The writera noted the following factors as responsible forthe.development-.of chronic bronchitia: (1) exocrine function,, allergic diathesis, respiratory disposition. sex, and race as background factora in the development of bronchitia in the adult, (2) pneumonia, allergic diaeaaea. ainuaitia, cardiac diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, and repeated infection#' of the respiratory tract aa important contributing factora in the preadolescent stage, (3) air pollution, aging, amoking habita, the amount and type of athoking, excessive intake of alcoholic beverages, poor economic condition, harmful occupation, and infection aa important contributing factora in adults. It ia concluded that chronic bronchitis develops as a aummation of theae, factora. ` ' --Am. Rev. Reap. Dia. Abata. 889 Mitea and Houae-Duat Allergy in Bronchial Aathma. K. Naunaell. D. G. Wraith, and l A. M. Cunnington. Lancet 1, 1267*1270 (June 15,1968). The mitea in a large number of dust samples from houaea of patienta with bronchial aathma were identified and counted. The moat common;'apeciea waaDcrmatophagoldea pteronyaainua, and it waa particularly abundant in mattreaa dust. A total of 94 per cent of the houae dust- aenaitive patienta gave akin reactiona to D. pteronyaainua extracta and. to a leaaer extent, to extracts of other apeciea. Aathma patienta who did not react to houae duat alao did not react to D, pteronyssinua. Threahold diiutiona giving reactiona in 200 patienta sensitive to D. pter- onyaainua were about 10*^. In 22 patienta duat from mattr and living. rooma waa teated by counting the numbera of D. pteronyaeinua and by measuring the akin reactiona to one per cent extracta of the dusts; the mite count waa' much bigharin mattreaa duat, and akin reactiona to mattreaa duat extracta tended to be greater, j -Am. Rev. Reap. Dia. Abata. 890 Mitea and Houae-Duet.Allergy. J, Pepya. M. Chan, and F. E. Hargreave. Lancet l, 12701272 (June 15. 1968). For more than 40 year#, houae dust has been recognized aa probably the moat important cauae of allergic rhiniti# and bronchial aathma. Samples of houae duat from many countries contain common or related antigens. This atudy demonstrated that in patienta with bronchial aathma, there waa a,good correlation betweenahistoryof housedustallergyandprick-test and inhalation- teat reactiona to an extract of a culture of the acarlne mite Dermatophagoldea culinae, the antigenic capacity of which ia comparable to an extract of D. pteronyaeinua, the "houae duat mite." It appeara likely that thehouae dust mite ia at least cloaely aaaociated with the ability of houae duat to act aa an allergen, and it la alao likely that it la a major aource of houae duat allergy. r, . --Am. Rev. Reap. Dia. Abata. 891 Clinical'Significance of Sldn'Reactiona to Mite Extracta and Other Allergena in Children with Aathma. J. M. Smith,'et 'al. Brit. Med.'J. 2, ,723-726 (June 21,. 1969)., Prick teata, uaing mite extracta, ia 300 aathmatic children gave.positive reactiona more fre quently than any other group of allergena. The moat active extract waa that of Dermatophagoldea pteronyaainua, but D. farinae gave reactiona of only alightly less frequency and aise and waa con#idered a aatiafactory substitute. A control group of 60 children without aathma or allergic disea#e were also. te#ted, and in only one were poaitive reactiona to naite extracta obtained. Wheeling reactiona 5 mm or more in mean diameter to mite, extracta occurred in 77% of clinically duat-eenaitive aathmatic children. Such-reactiona to pollen extract#1 occurred.in almilar per centage of clinically pollen-aenaitive children and to relevant food extracts of clinically foodaenaitive children. House duat mitea. particularly D. pteronyaainua are probably*of considerable importance in childhood:asthma. J. Am. Med. Assn. References li Review* 01 132 4397 IZ. ;pt K Industrial Hs'gier.e Digest ~o3te 892 Evaluation of Lung Function. UCLA Conference. D. H. Simmons, Moderator. Ann. Internal Med. 7I_, 155-176 (July, 1969). Evaluation of lung function requires evaluation of the function of the entire respiratory apparatus of which the lung is ordinarily the most critical part. It is of diagnostic value in determining the presence, type, and extent of disease. It is of therapeutic value in following the course of disease and its response to management. And, finally, it is of value in making relatively objective de terminations of the degree of disability due to respiratory disease. Ideally, lung function tests should independently evaluate the function of the airways, lung circulation, and lung parenchyma where gas exchange occurs. In addition, interactions between these three parts of the system are often very important. Usually, the functions are evaluated by techniques that give only indirect evidence concerning their status and their contribution to disability. Techniques discussed in clude spirometry, measurement of blood gases, and lung scans. There are 23 references. --Authors' summary 893 Epidemiological Study of Atherosclerosis in the Vicinity of Provence. A. Jouve, P. Roehu, and P. Avril. Union Med. Canada 98. 761-766 (May, 1969). Ten- different factors were examined in 1, 229 subjects with coronary disease, 669 with obliter ative arteriopathy of lower limbs, and 743 controls. The most important predisposing factors leading to coronary disease in men were familial tendency, android biotype (often associated with excessive body weight), compulsive neurosis, arterial hypertension, elevated blood levels of lipids, glucose, and uric acid, excessive food intake--especially fat, and heavy smoking habits. In the women with coronary disease, the presence of masculine traits and arterial hypertension are most prevalent. In patients with chronic arteriopathy of lower limbs, the same factors seem to be at play, except for obesity, heredity, and abnormal personality traits. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References & Reviews 894 Peptic Ulcer in Massachusetts Physicians. R. R. Mason and B. MacMahon. New Engl. J. Med. 281, 11-15 (July 3. 1969). Frequency of peptic ulcer among physicians was estimated by a mail questionnaire. Ninety-two percent (8, 056) of 8, 716 eligible physicians responded to the questionnaire; 11% of male physi cians above the age of 45 reported having had a duodenal ulcer. The estimated annual incidence rate of duodenal ulcer in males was between 2. 5 and 4/1, 000 in all age groups above the age of 25. There is an indication that this rate has decreased over the past 10 to 20 years among physicians born after 1921. About 1. 5% of male physicians over 45 reported having had a gastric ulcer.' The estimated annual incidence rate of gastric ulcer increased with age to a peak of 1 to 1.5/1, 000 above the age of 65. There is no indication that peptic ulcer is unduly frequent among male physicians; the rate for female physicians may be higher than for the general female popu lation. No association of risk of ulcer with professional specialty or place of residence could be demonstrated. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References U Reviews 895 Influence of Age and Sex on Dietary-Induced Cirrhosis, An Experimental Study in the Rat. M. D. Reuber. Arch. Environmental Health 18, 792-797 (May, 1969). Inbred Buffalo strain 4-, 8-, 12-, 24-, and 52-week-old male and female rats were given a choline-deficient diet for 22 weeks. Cirrhosis of the liver varied from mild to severe. The incidence and severity of the cirrhosis was comparable for males and females 4 weeks of age at the start of the experiment. The incidence in males and females 8, 12, and 24 weeks of age was similar, but the severity of the cirrhosis was greater in the males. Both the incidence and the degree of cirrhosis in the 52-week-old females were remarkably leas than in males of the same age or in younger females. Survival time in male and female rats 4 weeks of age. male rats 8 weeks of age, and males and females 52 weeks of age at the beginning of the cholinedeficient diet was less than in animals of other ages. There are 25 references. -Author's abst. 13. 01 132 4398 Ir.auJtriai Kviier.e 3i*e*t S^aterr.aer. . - ! 896 Human Louae Infeatation. H. F. Suasman, S. B. Cooke, and V. Bloch. . Arch. Dermatol. 100. 82-83 (July. 1969). Vi._ -------- ! I Carbacide U a fine, alightly acented white powder, the active ingredient of which la 1-nephthyl N-methylcarhamate, aninaecticlde-peaticldewith a long hiatory in the agriculture field. It la j relatively aafe and nontoxic, manifesting no ating,1 burn, or other diacomfort to the patient. It appeara to bis highly effective in the treatment of human louae infeatation. There ia alao a atrong ! poaaibility that Carbacide will be highly efficacioua in the treatment' of human Sarcoptea acabiei I infeatation.' --J.Am. Med. Aaan. Referencea i. Reviewa 897 Clgaret Nicotine.Tar Rating. Federal Trade Commiaaion. Pitta burgh Preag, Aug. 10, 1969, Sect. 1, p. 29. The Federal Trade Commiaaion (FTC) haa releaaed ita hew rankinga on cigareta according to tar and nicotine contenta. In the FTC figurea; the No. 1 rank in tar meana the brand which delivera the leaat tar. Here, are the figurea: : Salea Rank . - i. "4 ' Tar > Nicotine Brand '-i\ Rank Rank 1' '2 3 4 V' 5 - 6" 7 8 9 10 !' Wihaton 69 ; - 54 Pall Mall " 28 46 Salem . ' ' 63 76 Camel . */r'' 74 70 .Marlboro Y 59 94 Kool Y 42 . ' 99 ' Kent Y, 8 15 Lucky Strike 35 44 Tareyton - r . 24 " 32 , Viceroy { * 41 91 Branda with the leaat tar and their relative ranking in nicotine content and aalee: : Salea - ,, . Rank > ' Brand ". , ' Tar Rank . Nicotine . Rank . 32 Marvela rf 1 -/'-I 1 26 Carlton kf' ; 2 '7 31 ' Sano rf v V "Y- :3 V' 2 *32 Marvela kf ' "! 4.' - " -3 *31 Sano kf - ,' '"5.- 5' ,28 Montclair kf 6 ' 18 . ** Duke of Durham, kf' 7 . 8 7 Kent rf . V ; 8 . - ' 15 .. 37 Life kf ' 9 " - 17 ** ' Tryon kf i|'. ' 10 22 * Sale a Hat groupa: all varietiea of brand together. ** Not among top 50 aellera. rf-- Regular aiae, filter. ' f .. \-j :\o. , kf-- King aixe, filter. I.*- ' . a ; 'I j 898 . The Epidemiology of Cancer Therapy.* IV. The Extraction of Data from Medical Recorda. A. R. Feinatein, Joyce A. Pritchett, and Carol R. Schimpff. Arch. Internal Med. 123, 571590 (May, 1969). (See alao Abata. Noa.680 and 681 in Induatrlal Hygiene Dlgeat, p. 14, July. 1969). . ! j ' If the clinicalicourae of cancer'ia to be atudied from'medical recorda, arrangementa muat be made to obtain the,recorda for all editable patienta, and to perform ah appropriate extraction of data for each caaei To obtain, recorda for a complete collection of patienta, the inveatigator muat learn about the eyatem of diaghoatic coding numbera uaed for aoliclting material from the r. 01 132 4399 .. 'i ip?; Industrie, H~ei-ir.e Dijest medical record library; he muat also search for case* noted only by auch additional sources as the tumor registry, necropsy pathology department, and other sections of the medical center. Establishment of a system of "external book-keeping" will help maintain a smooth traffic in the movement of records during processing. Before the extraction begins, each obtained record should be briefly reviewed to verify its inclusion in the series; to select appropriate "datemarks" for allocating the data to be extracted; to learn about missing or displaced information; and to develop a general orientation for the clinical course of that particular patient. The extracted information is entered on a form specifically designed for each cancer. The form should con tain space for certain administrative remarks, for the patient's medical itinerary during the present illness, and for selected demographic data. The retrospective opportunity to review an entire clinical course enables the discernment of various errors in the judgments made by dif ferent physicians who have participated in the patient's care. The reviewer can also note un usually interesting events that may not be adequately emphasized in the formal arrangement of extracted data. A background of clinical experience may be required to perceive many of these distinctions, but many others can be noted by alert extractors who have no special clinical training. With data available, the patient can be effectively compared with others during scientific analyses of the epidemiology of cancer therapy. There are 8 references. --Cond. from text Editor's Note; This article refers to biostatistical studies in a medical center, using the ICOA. 1 The following remarks are given by the authors regarding comparative usefulness of the ICDA and SNDO^ in such studies. For industrial populations the ICDA is preferable. 3 although it has been necessary to modify the ICDA for use in industry. Companies which have modified the ICDA for their own use are urged to send Industrial Hygiene Foundation a copy of such revision to guide its efforts to incorporate industry's needs into the next revision of the ICDA, due in the next year or so. --R. T. P. deT. 1. International Classification of Diseases: Manual of the International Statistical Classifica tion of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Geneva: World Health Organization. 1997, vol. 1 and 2. 2. Thompson, E. T,, and Hayden, A. C. (eds.): Standard Nomenclature of Diseases and Operations, ed 5, New York; McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1961. 3. Industrial Hygiene Foundation's Medical Series Bulletin No. 15-69, "Current Concepts of Biostatistical Services for Industry. Proceedings of IHF Biostatistical Workship, July 2930, 1968." 899 The Characteristics of Bronchial Clearance in Humans and the Effects of Cigarette Smoking. R. E. Albert, M. Lippmann, and W. Briscoe. Arch. Environmental Health 18. 738-755 (May. 1969). The clearance of radioactive monodisperse ferric oxide aerosols ranging.in diameter from 0. 8u to 7. 9u was studied in a total of 117 experiments on 36 subjects. In most normal subjects there were two discrete periods of bronchial clearance, with the first usually completed within one to two hours, and the second within four to ten hours after inhalation. The fraction cleared in each phase was strongly dependent on the size of the inhaled particles, with more first phase clearance for larger particles. The rates of bronchial clearance were expressed in terms of the time required for completion of 50% to 90% bronchial clearance. On the basis of the limited data thus far accumulated, bronchial clearance was impaired in eight out of fourteen cigarette smokers, three out of three former uranium miners, and two out of two emphysema cases. There are 14 references. --Authors' abst. 900 Chronic Chest Disease. Personality, and Success in Stopping Cigarette Smoking. B. H. Burns. Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med. 23. 23-27 (Feb., 1969). The ability to give up smoking was found to bear no relationship to age or to the initial quantity of cigarettes smoked. Personality factors, as derived from the scores on the Maudsley Per sonality Inventory, were found to be related to success in giving up smoking. Those who stopped smoking showed significantly lower neuroticism scores and higher (not significant) extroversion scores than those who did not. The female patients were significantly less successful in stopping smoking than the males. Significantly higher neuroticism scores were found in the female smokers than in the male smokers as well as in the females who continued to smoke as compared with the males who continued to smoke. Personality factors are of importance in predicting the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms and success in stopping smoking. --Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Absts. 15. 01 132 4400 ! Industrial Hvzieae Direst neotcrr.-.e: 901 Operative Mortality and 5-Year Survival Rate* in Men with Bronchogenic Carcinoma. W. Wei**, O. A. Cooper, and Katharine R. Boucot. Ann. 'Internal Med. 71, 59-65 (July, 1969). Twelve teaching hospitals,in .Philadelphia reported histologically proved cases of bronchogenic carcinoma to the County Medical Society Subcommittee on Lung Cancer from 1956 to 1965. A study was made of the first 421 men who were operated on and had 5-year follow-up. Of these. 156 had thoracotomy-only,i-and 265 had resections; Age. tissue type, and surgical procedure were examined in relation to operative risk and 15-year survival.. Patients explored whose cancers were not resected were included because such patients have a significant operative mortality rate but no benefit. The overall operative mortality rate was 11 %. and 5-year sur vival rate was 13%. Operative risk increased with age but was essentially the same for the three tissue types and the type of surgery although it tended to be higher in patients with right pneumonectomy. .Five-year survival was unrelated to age but was poor in men with undiffer entiated carcinoma and'better for those treated by-lobectomy than.for those who had pneumon ectomy. Operative risk exceeded'5-year survival rate in'then aged 70 and over, men with un differentiated carcinoma, those explored but >not resected, and in older msn requiring right pneumonectomy. In these categories the therapeutic approach should-be conservative.' There - are 13 references. i --Authors' summary 902 Pulmonary Function Stddiesi in Bird Breeder's Lung. P; Dinda, S. S. Chatterjee. and W. D. Riding. Thorax (London) 24. 353-358,(May, 1969). Pulmonary function studies,' performed in'ten patients with bird breeder's lung at the time of diagnosis, were repeated, after a varying interval in nine following removal from exposure. In initial tests, diffusing capacity was impaired in eight patients and .the arterial oxygen tension . at rest was below 80 mm Hg in seven. Five patients had low vital capacity, and three evidence of air obstruction. One patient continued to-breed pigeons, against medical advice, and his pulmonary function after nine months showed further deterioration. The others with abnormal pulmonary functions showed! significant improvement. ' --J. Am. Med. Assn. References fc Reviews . 903 Pharmacology of the Antimalarial*. L. G. Hunsicker. Arch. Internal Med. I2i', 645-649 (June, 1969). Review of antimalarial1'pharmacology and examination of results-in recent studies of malaria in Vietnam revealed that'quinoline derivatives have multiple actions which include interference with nucleic acid replication and glucose metabolism; sulfonamide* and eulfones-competitively, antagonize aminobenzoic acid, and folic acid reductase inhibitors interfere with the conversion of folic acid to folinic acid. No single agent produced' satisfactory cure rates in recent trials with malaria in Vietnam. A combination of quinine-and pyrimethamine appeared to give addi tive results. A combination of pyrimethamine and a sulfonamide gave superior results, consis tent with their proved synergismJ A combination therapy of a long-acting sulfonamide with pyrimethamine, possibly with the addition of quinine, is recommended. ' ' - --J. Am. Med. Assn. References -fc Reviews 904 Trichinosis in Southwest Ireland. J. P. Corridan and J. J.: Gray.' Brit. .Med. J. Z, 727-729 (June 21. 1969). :" The last outbreak of trichinosis reported in Britain was in Liverpool in 1953. Since then there have been three outbreaks in.lreland; two occurred recently in Cork and Kerry where 76 cases were confirmed. The Kerry outbreak of 50 cases is described. The latex trichina slide agglutlnation test was valuable diagnostically and epidemlologically. Claims regarding the efficacy of thiabendazole for tresitment appear unproved.. The mode of transmission of the disease and problems raised by these outbreaks are discussed. ; --J. Am.; Med. Assn. References lc Reviews 01 132 4401 i- u.r Industrie. Hygiene JUest 905 Epidemiologic Study of * Fatal Case of Inhalation Anthrax. F. M. LaForce. et *1. Arch. Environmental Health 18. 798-805 (May, 1969). An isolated case of inhalation anthrax occurred in a 46-year-old white man who worked adjacent to a goat hair processing plant. The illness was characterized by three days of malaise and fatigue and the sudden development of coma followed by death on the fourth day. Autopsy revealed massive hemorrhagic mediastinal lymphadenitis and hemorrhagic leptomeningitis. Anthrax bacilli were demonstrated in tissue and recovered bacteriologically. Bacillus anthracis was cultured from machinery, from imported goat hair, and from aerosols in the goat hair mill. Bacillus anthracis was also recovered in the metal fabricator shop where the patient had worked, supporting the hypothesis that the exposure was via contaminated aerosols. There are 18 ref erences. --Authors' summary 906 Powdered Tantalum as a Medium for Bronchoscopy in Humans. J. Austin, et al. Clin. Res. IT, 164 (Jan., 1969). Bronchograms were obtained in 11 patients with serious lung disease by insufflating tantalum via a catheter. Approximately 0. 2 ml of tantalum powder was required to outline airways of a lobe with excellent mucosal detail. Coughing and deep breathing had no effect on.the broncho- gram and patients did not display any fever. Roentgenographic clearing of tantalum occurred within 48 hours, except for very peripheral airways. Microscopic sections of resected lobes previously used for bronchograms showed no inflammation or other deleterious response. The excellence of powdered tantalum is related to its inertness, radiopacity. and firm adherence to airway mucosa. --Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Absts. 907 Heterozygous and Homozygous Alphai -Antitrypsin Deficiency in Patients with Pulmonary Em physema. J. Lieberman. New Engl. J. Med. 281, 279-284 (Aug. 7, 1969). Homozygous deficiency of alpha j-antitrypsin is known to predispose to pulmonary emphysema. Measurement of the trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) of serum specimens from 28 relatives of a homozygous proband suggested that both heterozygotes and homozygotes may have an increased predisposition to lung disease, and possibly to peptic ulcer. Four of 19 heterozygotes and two homozygotes in this family had definite histories of pulmonary disease. After this family study, the TIC of serum was measured in 66 patients hospitalized for pulmonary emphysema at a Vet erans Administration hospital. Of these, 25.8 per cent were found to be deficient; seven were homozygotes, and 10 heterozygotes. Of 23 patients with emphysema under 50 years of age. 48 per cent were deficient. A history of peptic-ulcer disease was obtained from 35. 3 per cent of the antitrypsin-deficient, as compared to 28.6 per cent of the nondeficient patients with emphy sema, a difference statistically not significant. There are 22 references. --Author's abst. 908 Plasma Hydrocortisone Response to Ethanol in Chronic Alcoholics. J. Merry and V. Marks. Lancet U 921-922 (May 3, 1969). In male, loss-of-control, chronic alcoholics, 10 fluid ounces (284 ml) of 70*-proof whisky (112 ml ethanol) produced no increase in plasma cortisol (hydrocortisone). In contrast, male non-alcoholic controls responded to the same stimulus with a brisk rise in plasma cortisol. This difference in plasma cortisol response to a large dose of ethanol facilitated the identifica tion of two previously unrecognized alcoholics in the volunteer control group. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References k Reviews 909 Evaluation of Hand Antisepsis. R. E. Berman and R. A. Knight. Arch. Environmental Health _18. 781-783 (May. 1969). Klebsiella-Aerobacter was isolated from a 3% hexachlorophene surgical soap. The effective- ' ness of two surgical scrub products: hexachlorophene (Dermasurgical and pHisoHex). and povidone-iodine (Betadine) was tested in a surgical scrub procedure and compared with an anti cross contaminant foam (Intersept). Bacterial count reductions were as follows; Dermasurgical. 23.8% reduction; Betadine, 43.8% reduction; pHisoHex. 66.8% reduction; and Intersept, 94.8% reduction. Intersept applied following a surgical scrub procedure further reduced the bacterial counts approximately 100%. There are 7 references. --Authors' abst. 17. 01 132 4402 Industrial Hygiene Dizest ' t1 . .' "- Sgaicmser - j 910 Identification of Bacteria by Rapid Spcctrophotofluorometric Method*. C. j. Rogers and T. C. Purcell. Environ. Sci. Teehnol. 3, 764-766 (Aug.. 1969). j There is a genuine need for additional characteristic!, based on either biochemical properties or cellular composition, c. microorganisms to establish their taxonomic relationships. The present study represents an attempt to provide additional characteristics applicable to the iden tification of certain species of bacteria. .The methods described are rapid, sensitive, and when applied in the analysis of carbohydrates (C),esterases (E), and E/C ratios of 11 strains of bacteria, give information to aid in identification of species. The characteristics are reported in tabular form for two,separate incubation periods and. when taken,into consideration with other identifiable properties of the'.organismsj can be used to further the classification and taxonomy of clinically significant bacteria present in polluted waters or waste processing oper- ations. --Authors' abet, ; I J j 1 j I SKIN DISEASES AND BURNS H 911 Warts^^UUrasound^ H. Kent:, Arch.-Dermatol. 100. 79-81 (July. 1969). ! A preliminary report on the treatment of plantar -warts with ultrasound was made in 1958. The | present study offers confirmation of this initial study by .quoting a series of 1. 000 patients. A j -1'. revised technique and dosage are given for improving wart treatment. ---J. Am. Med. .Assn. References 6 Reviews I CHEMICAL HAZARDS I -f- 912 Cyanide Poisoning Following Ingestion of Apricot (Prunes armeniaca) Kernels. A. E. Gunders. I etal. Harefuah 76. 536-538 (June 15. 1969).: ! A 3 1/2-year-old girl ingested an unspecified number of apricotkernels some ten weeks after I the apricot season had ended. The fruit stoneshadbeen kept dry and were cracked open at the | time the kernelswere ingested. The child rapidly.developed signs'of acute poisoning., mani- |- fested by marked pallor, tachycardia, tachypnea, mydriasis, disorientation and confusion, ,11 vertigo, and restlessness. Her breath smelled-strongly'of bitter, almonds. Examination of <' apricot kernels for cyanide content showed that-kernels from the same lot that caused the intox- j ication contained 0. 33% of CN*. an average of 2.iS mg/kernel. . --J. Am. Med. Assn.' References it Reviews | |. 913 Cyanide Intoxication in Childhood After ingesting Apricot Kernels. S.'Yatziv and A. Simcha. Harefuah 76. 535-536 (June 15. 1969). - A 2-year-old girl developed acute cyanide-intoxication after eating a large number of apricot kernels. Clinical signs appeared within minutes of ingestion and she was unconscious for 45 minutes until a large part of the ingested material was evacuated by gastric lavage.- This averted severe complications and recovery was complete. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews J 914 Bilateral Thrombosis.of Popliteal Vein with'Diffuse Muscle Necrosis after Carbon Monoxide : Poisoning. H. Heldrich and H. Kleins. Deut. med. Wochschr.. 94. 1367-1370 (June 27, 1969). In a 32-year-old man. severe carbon monoxide poisoning resulting from a suicide attempt led to thrombosis of both popliteal veins with diffuse necrosis-of the leg muscles, probably caused by marked pressure oh the veins due to'extreme'flexion of the knees with severe compression of 01. 132artery and vein. Complete recanalUation of the affected vessels was achieved with fibrinolytic treatment. * l Am. Med. Assn. References It "2 '-V' 18.. :Vi j 915 Development of Bronchiectasis by Inhalation of a Large Amount of Ammonia. (In Japanese). K. Sugiyama, M. Yoehida, and M. Koyamada. Jap. J. Chest Di*. 7, 797-803 (Nov.. 19681. The writers report an unusual ease of acquired bronchiectasis in a 24-year-old man in whom the disease developed after accidental inhalation of a large amount of ammonia. This observa tion appeared to have opened the way for the hitherto unsuccessful production of saccular bronchiectasis in experimental animals. The patient was exposed to the gas for 15 minutes in a fishing boat because of mechanical malfunction of a bomb containing the coolant ammonia. He recovered consciousness after eight hours of oxygen inhalation. He had severe inflammation of the oropharyngeal mucus membrane and later had cough, sputum, and chest pain. The radio gram showed patchy areas of infiltration in both lung fields, which disappeared three months later, but episodes of pneumonia in the right lower lung field developed twice thereafter, and annular shadows became more and more pronounced in the following year. Bronchography revealed stablike or saccular bronchiectasis in both lung fields. This lesion might have devel oped by the direct tissue-lytic action of the ammonia plus additional bacterial infection. --Am. Rev. Reap. Dls. Absts. 916 Cer-pneumoconiosis. F. Heuck and R. Hoschek. Am. J. Roentgenol. 104, 777-783 (Dec.. 1968). Exposure to the smoke of carbon arc lamps over a period of several years may cause changes in the lungs that can be detected on roentgenograms as small round or linear infiltrates. In order to increase their brightness, the rods of arc lamps are equipped with cored carbon. The essen tial components of these rods are fluorides of the rare-earth elements. Cerium (atomic No. 58) is quantitatively the most important component of rare-earth minerals and their products. The roentgenologic and biophysical findings of the previously unknown cerium pneumoconiosis are reported. As a result of inhalation of the smoke of carbon arc lamps, which produce a high quantity of dust, roentgenologically detectable morphologic changes of the lungs may occur which, in their early stage, are shown as fine infiltrates that are well circumscribed and have a great density. They are disseminated throughout both lungs and may be accompanied by fibrosis. The characteristic clinical and roentgenologic findings and differential diagnosis in 3 of a group of 67 exposed persons (60 of them working in graphic arts) are reported. --Am. Rev. Reap. Dis. Absts. 917 The Uptake of Mercury in the Brains of Animals Exposed to Mercury Vapor and to Mercuric Salta. M. Berlin, J. Fazackerley, and G. Nordberg. Arch. Environmental Health 18. 719729 (May, 1969). Rats, rabbits, and monkeys were exposed to mercury vapor (1 mg/cu m) for four hours, and uptake and distribution of mercury in the brain was compared with that of animals injected in travenously with the same dose of mercury as mercuric salts. Vapor-exposed animals showed a brain content about ten times higher than the injected animals. The results indicate that the higher uptake in brain following vapor exposure is a general phenomenon in mammals. There are 6 references. --Authors' abst. 918 Fatality Following Metallic Mercury Aspiration During Removal of a Long Intestinal Tube. J. E. Zimmerman. J. Am. Med. Assn. 208, 2158-2160 (June 16, 1969). A 48-year-old man died following aspiration of metallic mercury during removal of a Miller- Abbott tube. Death resulted from massive endobronchial hemorrhage and was preceded by symptoms and signs of mercury poisoning. Metallic mercury may cause serious local and systemic effects when introduced parenterally. Prompt therapy with dimercaprol (BAL) com bined with surgical excision where practical are recommended when these effects are detected There are 13 references. --Author's abst. 19. 01 132 4404 Industrial Hygiene t lO. . 919 Serum delta-Aminolevulinic Acid in PlumbUm. F. Feldman, et al. J. Pediat., 74. 917*923 (June. 1969). - . 'i- / : Blood lead and serum delta-aminolevulinic acid level* were determined in children with in creased lead absorption, lr -. intoadcation, and lead encephalopathy; Blood lead values tended to be higher in children with intoxication, and tended to overlap those, of patients with increased absorption but no intoxication. Serum delta-aminolevulinic acid was consistently higher in pa tients with overt toxicity, with almost no overlapping of values. Patients with encephalopathy had markedly elevated'blood lead and serum delta-aminolevulinic acid levels. Lead and delta- aminolevulinic acid'values did not correlate well. .Cerebrospinal fluid delta-aminolevulinic acid values were consistently lower than eerum'values. Serum delta-aminolevulinic determin ations are valuable in selecting infants who are intoxicated from those exposed to increased amounts of lead. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References ti Reviews 920 Potassium Chloride Treatment in Thallotoxicoais. J. P. Papp. et al. Ann. Internal Med!, 7_1_. 119-123 (July. 1969). i- A 64-year-old man was treated for .thallotaadcosis with oral potassium chloride while on a known normal salt and'potassium diet. ; An increase in restlessness, agitation, and confusion was noted to occur concomitantly with a two- to threefold increase in thalliuresis. Marked clinical improvement occurred after 1 week of, treatment.. The various modes of treatment are re viewed. It is postulated.that,potassium chloride used in-conjunction with dithiocarb, or dithizon. or both, may be the treatment of choice for thallotoacicoaisv There are .19 references. _ , , --Authors'-summary 921 Camphor Exposures in a Packaging Plant. P. :276-279 (May-June; 1969). : 1 etal. Am.* lnd. Hyg. Assn. J. 22, Poor housekeeping resulted in.excessive exposure of employees to'-camphor vapor. Analysis of results dictated the need for enclosure and looti exhaust ventilation. Ethyl alcohol is a good collecting liquid for sampling camphor, from air; Evaporation of alcohol did not seem to affect results or impose great sampling problems. Carryover of camphor into the second bubbler in the sampling train-was. more pronounced at higher sampling rates, and during longer sampling times. A sampling rate of approximately, 1.0 liter of air per minute, for 20 minutes minimised carryover. One-hour, samples at 1. 0 liter of air per minute axe recommended. In view of the magnitude of the exposures and the lack of reported symptoms other .than minimal eye irritation, an increase in the threshold, limit value from 2 trig/m1 camphor to 2 parts per million parts of air (approximately 12.4 mg/m1),!* recommended.'.There are 3 references. i.''.''' I . /* :' ..'.''./.---Authors' summary ' . , ' *' r ' r; ' . " ; `- 922 Chronic Nitrofurantoin Pulmonary Reaction: Report of.Five Cases. E.-C. Roaenow, R. A. DeRemee, and D. E. Dines. New Engl. J. Med. 279. 1258-1262 (Dec., 5. 1968). In 5 patients, diffuse interstitial pneumonitis or'fibrosis;-'or both (as proved by lung biopsy), was seen after long-term therapy with nitrofurantoin (Furadantin ). The acute form of nitrofurantoin pneumonitis is: characterised by ti sudden onset of cough. dyspnea, and fever and the rapid disappearance of the symptoms and findings-when the use of the drug is discon tinued. The chronic form is insidious;.in .onset,: is not associated with a febrile reaction, pro duces a nonspecific histologic and'radiologic, picture of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis or fi brosis, or both, and .-may. be at least partially reversible when drug therapy is discontinued .and steroids are used.: Tha.five cases presented suggest that nitrofurantoin can be taken for a pro longed time (six months; to ate years) before pulmonary side effects occur and that pulmonary symptoms may. be chronic (seven weeks to six years)-rather than acutp, which has bean the most commonly recognized manifestation of nitrofurantoin pulmonary reaction. In all patients the roentgenogram of the chest gave evidence of a nonspecific, diffuse, bilateral interstitial pul monary infiltrate, that frequently was .most severe: at the bases. Roentgenographically,' the lung bases have also been most frequently involved in the cases of acute onset. Pleural effusion was not seen in any of these patients. --Am. Rev. Reap. Dis. Abets., 20. 01 132 4405 / ^ VY* Ir.dustria. Hvzier.e Z)\itaz 923 Acute Tetrabromoethane (Acetylene Tetrabromide) Intoxication in Man. A. B. Van Haaften. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 2* 251-256 (May-June. 1969). A chemist working with tetrabromoethane (TBE) for 7 1/2 hours without benefit of local exhaust ventilation was hospitalized with near fatal liver injury for a 9-week period. His estimated ex posure for most of the day was to 1 to 2 ppm TBE. and for a single 19-minute period he was ex posed to about 16 ppm. Previous investigations of the toxicity of TBE were done with laboratory animals, and it appears obvious that man does not react to TBE exposure as do rodents. TBE should be labeled as a highly toxic substance. It should be used only with adequate local exhaust ventilation, and skin contact should be prevented until more is known about skin absorption of TBE in man. There are 7 references. --Author's abst. 924 Stridor Developing After Intubation with Phenol-Contaminated Tracheal Tubes. J. Bay. Nord. Med. 81,. 631-632 (May 15, 1969). Four cases of severe stridor occurred in children after intubation, probably caused by the use of endotracheal tubes inadvertently disinfected in phenol-containing fluid. Disinfectants on phenolic bases present a danger, as they accumulate in rubber and plastic materials. Cleaning with soap and water, followed by autoclaving, and increased use of disposable materials are recommended. The material and the treatment of it should be continuously checked. - -J. Am. Med. Assn. References ti Reviews 925 Isocyanate Hazard from Wire Insulation: An Old Hazard in a New Guise. D. P. C. Paisley. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 26,79-81 (Jan., 1969). This finding appears to be important in a number of respects. There is the immediate hazard in relation to the work of coil winding using polyurethane-covered wire. There are also remote hazards, indicated by this finding, related to the ever widening use of these polyurethane ma terials. When buildings in which are incorporated large quantities of polyurethane foams, sur face applications, etc. are set alight, there might be a serious hazard to firemen and others engaged in combating the fire. The position appears to be even more serious in the case of fire at sea when refrigerated compartments in ships become involved or in engine rooms where polyurethane cladding of engines has been used for noise suppression, because in these cir cumstances those engaged in putting out the fires would probably be working in confined spaces and might be exposed to high concentrations of isocyanate vapours. --Author's conclusions 926 A Method for Determining the Dermal Toxicity of Pesticides. Diana N. Noakes and D. M. Sanderson. Brit. J. Ind. Med. Zb, 59-64 (Jan., 1969). A method is described for the measurement of the percutaneous LD;q of a pesticide, using the laboratory rat as a test animal. The results obtained by this method on a selection of pesticide chemicals are tabulated and discussed. The reproducibility of the method was validated by a collaborative study with five other laboratories. --Authors' abst. 927 The Epidemiology of Pesticides in a Rural Area. K. R. Long, et al. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 30. 298-304 (May-June, 1969). A random sample of 155 farmers was studied with respect to use of pesticides and to farming habits and products. Significant differences were found between the "high" and "low" pesticide use groups with respect to hematocrit, hemoglobin, and prothrombin time values. Significant correlations were obtained between the use of aldrin and blood uric acid values; atrazine and bilirubin, 1-minute and 30-minute values; benzene hexachloride and total blood chlorinated hydrocarbon residues; benzene hexachloride and urinary creatinine values; and 2, 4-dichloro- phenoxy acetic acid herbicides and serum albumin values for the high pesticide use group. Significant correlations were found between the total pesticides employed by the high-use group and the blood uric acid and bilirubin 1-minute values. A significant negative correlation existed with respect to erythrocyte sedimentation rates. No significant correlations were obtained for the low-use group. The blood concentrations of pesticide residue were not proportionate to the levels of exposure. There are 3 references. --Authors' abst. 21. 01 132 4406 -* Vv.'i; X V-\^ - '.A'y,, ;S'" f;-V: - . VV; & I-dustriai Hvaiene Digest Stater.itr 928 Decontamination of Empty Antllouae Cotton Sack*. A. R. El-Rifai tad M. 'El-Baeawi. Arch! Environmental Health 1_8, 777-780 (May. 1969).- Ah experiment wae conducted to determine the value of different cleaning eolutione for decon taminating cotton sacks that had contained antllouae powdera. All three inaecticidea (DDT. BHC. and malathion) teated were found to be more persistent to washing with tap water alone. When regular soap, waahing aoda. and cauatlc aoda were uaed for waahing. malathion loaa waa more significant than the loaa of DDT and BHC. The uae of detergent* for decontamination of empty aacka is effective and the coat involved in time, and material make* the procedure practical. Uae of nonoxynol (Berol detergent) ait, 1%. . 2%, {or 5% concentration can be relied upon to be 91.85%, 93.89%. and 99.09% efficient in removing the highly contaminating DDT residues from aacka. Since minute amount* of inaecticidea were found after waahing, advantage could be taken of the toxic effect of.the remaining reaidue for peatproofing purpoaea. There are 9 ref erence*. ., --Author*' abat. 929 Paraquat Poiaoning--Lung Tranaolantation. H. Matthew, at al. ' Brit. Med. J. _2, No. 5621, 759-763 (Sept. 28, 1968). (See also Industrial Hygiene Digest, Abat. No. 68, January, 1969). A 15-year-old boy ingeated a mouthful of paraquat and severe respiratory diatreaa enaued. Treatment included the tranaplantation of one lung, but subsequently change* developed in the graft, which are thought to have been caused by paraquat, and the patient.died two week* after the operation. The danger* of keeping poisonous substances'in incorrectly labeled bottle* h* once again been demonatrated. and the pattern of paraquat poiaoning, eapecially the develops ment of proliferative alveblitla and terminal bronchiolitis, la confirmed. Immediate forced diureaia followed by hemodialysis ia necessary to remove paraquat, thereby perhap* avoiding initiation of the change* in the lung*. The technical feasibility of human lung transplantation ha* again been demonatrated. If haa also been ahowh that infection doea not neceaaarlly poae an inauperable problem, at any rate, if, as in1 the case described, there waa no preoperative pulmonary, infection in either'recipient or donor. / --Am. Rev. Reap. Dia. Abets. I INDUSTRIAL DUSTS I 930 The Effect of Particle Sire on the Regional Depoaltion of Inhaled Aeroaola in the Human Rea piratory Tract;- M. Llppmann and R. E. Albert. Am. Ind. Hyg. Aaan. J. 30. 257-275 (May-June. 1969). The effect of particle aise on the regional depoaltion of aeroaola inhaled through the mouth waa determined in 93 studies on 34 subject*. The teat aeroaola were apherical monodiaperae in soluble iron oxide particle* (specific gravity 2. 5) containing radioactive taga, ranging in median unit density diameter from 2.1 to 12.5-micron* (aigma ^ 1.08). Particle* depoaited onthe bron chial tree were translocated'to the atomach by mucociliary clearance which waa essentially complete within' the first day. The proportion of the initial lung burden of radioactive particle* removed during; the firat 24 houra provided a functional meaaure of tracheo-bronchial depoaltion. A portion of the inhaled aerosol'waa depoaited'in the head by impaction. A a an impactor. the tracheobronchial tree ia more efficient. For each individual subject. head and tracheobronchial depoaltion increased with increasing particle size.' .Alveolar depositions decreased with else for particle* larger than 4-microns. There are' 17, references. , . --Authors'abat. 931 A_^4odj^cation>etf>thei^au*chjiad1ljOjnb_Aeroaol_Du*t_CountingiiS]r*teni22^JiJSISSiiilZJ!4SS2SAeroaol Site Dtatributiona. P. M.' Brown.' Environ. Sci. Technol. 3, 768-769 (Aug.. 1969). Circuitry haa been added to a Bauach and Lomb Duat Counting Syatem to allow unattended, auto matic measurements from which aise distributions of airborne particles can be determined. The system has been tested and operated upl to altitudes of 20. 000 feet MSI.. , --Author'* abat. 01 132 4407 22. Industrie Zicr.e Digest Seat* 932 Evaluation of Air Filter with Submicron Viral Aerosols and Bacterial Aerosols. J. B. Harstad and M. E. Filler. Am. Ind. Hyg. Aain. J. 30. 280-290 (May.June. 19691. Velocity, aerosol particle size, aerosol charge, and exposure to high humidity were found to affect the performance of air filters. Filter papers and the OOP scan-tested filter units (HEPA filters) fabricated from these papers were evaluated with submicron T1 bacteriophage aerosols having a number median diameter (NMD) of 0.12 micron and with Bacillus subtilis var niger spore aerosols with a NMD of 1 micron. Penetration of submicron phage aerosols through filter papers increased markedly with an increase in velocity. Neutralizing phage aerosol with bipolar air ions resulted in 2- to 5-fold increases in penetration. Penetration of bacterial spore aerosols through the filter papers was essentially zero. Phage aerosol pene tration through HEPA filters averaged 0.00095%. Spore aerosol penetration was 0.00005%. Exposure to high humidity (>95%) resulted in roughly a 3-fold increase in HEPA penetration. HEPA filters can be expected to provide excellent protection against submicron viral aerosols as well as against bacterial aerosols, but the installations must be commensurate with the high performance of this type of filter for full efficiency. There are 10 references. -Authors' abst. 933 Tumors of Nose and Sinuses in Relation to Woodworkers. E. Hadfield. J. Laryngol. Otol. 33, 417-422 (May. 1969). This survey, which includes an independent review of histological material, reinforces previous conclusions about the vulnerability of woodworkers in the furniture industry to adenocarcinoma of the sinuses. The disease seems to arise primarily in the ethmoids. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References it Reviews 934 Serum Iron and Iron Kinetics in Coalworkers with Complicated Pneumoconiosis. B. W. B. Chan. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 26. 65-70 (Jan., 1969). Twenty-three patients with complicated pneumoconiosis were studied, and compared with 16 patients of similar age with chronic non-specific lung disease. In seropositive cases (Rose Waaler titre higher than 1 :32) the serum iron, total iron binding capacity '{T. I. B.C.). and the serum iron/T.I. B. C. % were all significantly decreased. In seronegative cases only the T.I. B.C. was significantly decreased. Low serum iron levels were found to be associated with a high iron clearance rate, so that the total iron transport rate was normal or slightly increased. The proportion of circulating plasma iron utilized for effective red cell production was found to be normal. These findings are. in general.similar to those in rheumatoid arthritis and suggest that iron mobilization or transport may be defective but that erythropoiesis is not depressed. --Author1 s abst. 935 Experimental Pulmonary Carcinogenesis with Asbestos. M. F. Stanton, R. Blackwell, and Eliza Miller. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 236-244 (May-June. 1969). Three methods have been used to test the carcinogenic response of the lung and pleura of the rat to asbestos. No carcinogenic response of pulmonary epithelium or pleura was noted to either healing infarcts or implanted wax pellets that contained asbestos. Sarcomas of the pleura and pericardium developed in 74% of rats in which the pleura was covered with an asbestos- impregnated fibrous glass coat. The fibrous glass alone caused only slight reaction, with complete healing. The last method may serve as-an accurate and convenient means of quantitating the neoplastic response of the pleura to asbestos. There are 21 references. --Authors' abst. 936 The Significance of Cavernoatomy in Far-Advanced Sillcotuberculosis.dn Japanese). S. Sadakata. Jap. J. Chest Dis. 27, 881 -888 (Dec., 1968). The treatment of severe silicotuberculosis is difficult both medically and surgically because widespread and advanced tuberculous lesions are usually present in both lung fields simultan eously with silicotic lesions. Impairment of pulmonary function is also significant. Therefore, it is a worthwhile achievement if only slight improvement of the condition is obtained. The 23. 01 132 4408 ' r.f- :s\ ~.du trial Hygiene Dwat '. -v Seotemoe writer reports 3 cases of severe,.silicotuberculosis in which e major cavitary lesion was in the apex of one lung and the daughter lesions were( in the other lung. He performed cavernostomy - on these patients, and the improvement of the main lesion was accompanied by improvement in the contralateral lung. The writer emphasises the value of cavernostomy In carefully selected advanced.cases of .silicotuberculosis. , > : --Am. Rev. Resp.Dis. Absts. ; ___ __________ `v -: . ' ' I PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF -THE v ENVIRONMENT I ! I 937 Noise Masking of a Change in Residue Pitch. R. D. Patterson. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 45. '520-1524 (June, 1969). j | | \ comparison was made of the effectiveness of noise in masking (1) a change in the frequency ' < of a sinusoid,, and (2) a change in the repetition rate of a pulse train that had no low.frequency j energy; The sinusoid and the pules train had the same pitch. It was found that, whereas the change in the pitch of the sinusoid was better masked by low-frequency noise, the change in the residue pitch produced by the filtered pulse train was more easily masked by,high-frequency ; 1 noise. These results replicate the findings of Small and Campbell (1961). The author concludes as they did that the basis for the residue pitch of the pulse train is its high-frequency compo nents. In a second experiment,, a pair of sinusoids was used to produce the residue pitch. The same masking.technique was employed, and 'agaih the results, indicate that the residue pitch is not based on a nonlinear distortion component,,' but rather is based oh information being trans- ' mitted through high-frequency components (2100 Hx). . : --Author's abst. j j 'j j 938 Environmental Noise, Hearing Acuity, and Acceptance Criteria. E. R. .Hermann. Arch. Environmental Health 18. 784-791. (May, 1969); j j Information regarding puretone hearing acuity of certain occupational groups Is presented using Speech Average Loss and Early Loss Index grading techniques. A biophysical law describing the manner in which hearing loss progresses at 4, 000 hertz le reiterated, and determinations of absolute thresholds of human hearing are cited. Usingthe foregoing advances in knowledge of noise and hearing, discussion is developed relative to audiometer reference levels and das- sifications of hearing impairment. A rational basis is provided for establishing puretone audiometric-zero reference'levels some' 35 db below the 1951 American Standards Association , ASA) or 24 db below the 1964 International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) reference levels. Evolutionary changes in hearing impairment classifications are mentioned and a re vised scheme is suggested. which is based upohtaudiometric measurements more closely ref- erenced to true zero, but at the same time;compatible with existtng scales. The possible need for more stringent acceptance criteria to conserve hearing acuity is broached. There are 9 references. --Author's abst. j | \, ! ! j j ! i j Editor's Note: A paper, "Noise--How Much Is'-Too Much?", will be given by Dr. Joseph Sataloff in the Management Conference eession on "Understanding Industrial Hygiene Legislation--1969" at the 34th Annual,Meeting of Industrial'Hygiene Foundation. October 14-15, 1969, at Chatham Center, Pittsburgh, Pa. '; j j I RADIOACTIVITY AND X-RADIATION I j 939 Tritium in Environment From Nuclear Powerplants.- C. L. Weaver. E. C. Harward. and H. T. Peterson, Jr.- Public Health Rents.- 84. i 363-371 (April, 1969). The results obtained from a sampling'network indicated, with one exception, that waters down- stream from nuclear facilities did hot show any significantly higher tritium concentrations than streams which did not have operating nuclear reactors on them. The one exception was a plant- site with several operating heavy-water'moderated reactors on it.- Tritium concentrations, however, amounted to lees than 1% of the Atomic'Energy Commission's discharge limit of 3 x 10'Vci/ml. ' --J, Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews ! j I Industrial Kvaiene Zil-est ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS jeaterr.re r 940 Air Pollution from Animal Wastes; Determination of Malodors by Gas Chromatographic and Organoleptic Technique*. W. E. Burnett. Environ. Sci. Technol. 3, 144-749 (Aug.. 1969). A combination of gaa chromatographic and organoleptic techniques was used to determine the chemical compounds responsible for the offensive odor of accumulated liquid poultry manure. The volatile odorous substances were trapped and concentrated in short sections of gas chrom atographic columns held at -- 78*C., separated by gas chromatography and identified by the correspondence between relative retention time and the odors of the peaks for the unknowns and authentic compounds. Mercaptans. sulfides, and diketones were identified. Volatile organic acids and the nitrogen heterocycles, indole and skatole, were also identified, using direct in jections of liquid manure supernatant and standard gas chromatographic techniques. The sulfur compounds, organic acids, and skatole were implicated as important malodorous components involved in air pollution. The prevention of the formation of the malodorous substances was suggested as the best means of control of air pollution from animal wastes. --Author's abst. 941 An Improved Gas Sampler for Air Pollutant Analysis. A. F. Wartburg, J. B. Pate, and J. P. Lodge, Jr. Environ. Sci. Technol. 5, 767-768 (Aug., 1969). A gas sampling bubbler, consisting of easily assembled and replaceable glass and Teflon com ponents, has been designed to replace prior designs, which are both expensive and fragile. The new bubbler has proved to be rugged, and easy to handle in the field. It is far less subject to damage than all-glass designs, but equally efficient in pollutant collection. Instructions for its use in the field are presented. --Authors' abst. If 942 Determination of Atmospheric Concentrations of Sulfuric Acid Aerosol by Spectrophotometry, Coulometry, and Flame Photometry. F. P. Scaringelli and K. A. Rehme. Anal. Chem. 4L 707-713 (May. 1969). Heretofore, nonspecific and insensitive methods were used to measure sulfuric acid aerosols in the atmosphere. We have developed a precise, sensitive, and highly selective method for determination of these toxic pollutants. The aerosols are collected by impaction or filtration, which separates the sulfuric acid from sulfur dioxide. The sulfuric acid is decomposed at controlled temperatures under a stream of nitrogen to separate the acid from other sulfates. The liberated sulfur trioxide in nitrogen is converted to sulfur dioxide by reaction with hot copper. The sulfur dioxide produced is analyzed either spectrophotometrically, coulometrically. or flame photometrically. The method can measure sulfuric acid in the presence of 10 to 100 times as much sulfur dioxide and other sulfates. Ammonium sulfate interferes quantitatively with the determination of sulfur acid. We do not, however, consider this a serious interfer ence, because this compound forms in the atmosphere from sulfuric acid and gaseous ammonia. The relative standard deviation with standard samples is 5% or less. The sensitivities of the method for colorimetric, coulometric, and flame photometric analysis are 0. 3. 0. 03. and 0. 003 M-g of H(S04 per sample. There are 34 references. --Authors' abst. 943 Lead Aerosols in Marine Atmosphere. T. J. Chow, J. L. Earl, and Carrie F. Bennett. Environ. Sd. Technol. L 737-740 (Aug., 1969). Procedures for the shipboard sampling of marine air and the analysis of its lead content by the isotope dilution method are discussed. Marine air collected over the north and central Pacific Ocean between California, Midway Island, and American Samoa showed a lead concentration range from 0.0003 to 0.0015 pg. per cu. meter. This lead concentration range shows that marine air is the least polluted of north temperate atmospheres. --Authors' abst. 25. 01 132 4410 .r?: industrial Hvsieae D'.aes; ' - v' ,: - - ' Seaterr.scr. : j 944 Gas Chromatographic Separation of Chloroillanes, Methylchlorosllanes, and Associated Sil"~y"s.i K. R. Burson and C. T. Kenner. - Anal. Chem. 4l_, 870-872 (May. 1969).' Several methods have been reported for gas chromatographic separation of chlorosilicon com- pounds, ln maay samples of these compounds. sil'oxanes: produced by hydrolysis are also, present but are noteluted in a reasonable length of time under isothermal conditions. Temp- erature programming is necessary forelution,of the siloxanes, but none of the stationary phases studied in the previous investigations can be used with temperature programming because of their high volatility at elevated temperature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stationary phases that could be used with temperature programming for the separation of mix tures of chlorosilanes. methylchlorosllanes. and their associated siloxanes. and to develop a quantitative method for the analysis of such mixtures. There are 10 references. j' - ' --Cond. from text j j j 945 A Test for Susceptibility to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. P. E. Smith. Jr. Am. Ind. Hyg. i Assn. J. 22, 245-250 (May-Juae, 1969). ,j 'j A study of temporary threshold shift (TTS) was undertaken with the`following objectives: (1) to develop a simple, reliable, and easily administered test procedure which could be widely used in field testing; (2) to express the data obtained'in a manner useful in predicting susceptibility to noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS); and{3) to develop a field test protocol use* ful in studying the presumed relation between NIPTS and TTS. The test developed uses the Rudmose ARJ-4 Automatic Audiometer as both the noise .source and the audiometric test in strument. The findings, are in-good agreement with those of previous investigators. They show a high dependence of TTS on initial threshold, with a standard deviation from regression of 6. 2 dB. This dependence permits'the establishment of .criteria for high-risk individuals. As part of a hearing conservation program, a plan Is proposed to study the relation between TTS and NIPTS of individuals who may be susceptible without risk to the subjects exposed to noise condi tions. There are 11 references; " . J >v ... --Author's abst. i j ) I I PREVENTIVE ENGINEERINGI | 946 Laser Damage Thresholds for Ocular Tissues.; N. A. Peppers and Ann H. Hammond. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 30, 218-225 (May-June, 1969). i Safe laser exposure levels have-enormous .commercial-and military ramifications andmust be ' set neither too high nor too low.: Linear -thermal models indicate ranges over which thresholds increase with increasing exposure.time and decreasing spot sise. Reported thresholds depend on the damage criterion used. There-are significant experimental uncertainties irTdetermining energy distribution on the retina at both small and large spot sizes. Human threshold values extrapolated from animal data may be questionable, but human data are being gathered. Graphs comparing theoretical models, experimental threshold values.. and recommended safe levels are shown; references to original data are given. There are 27- references. --Authors' abst. | ! 1 947 The Plasma Jet: Industrial Hygiene Aspects and Survey of Current United States Practices for . , Employee Protection. N. L. Fannick and M.; Corn. Ah. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 22* 226-235 (May-Juae, 1969). - The plasma torch, because it concentrates large amounts of thermal energy in a small volume. . has become increasingly popular in industry. During the past fifteen years, the plasma torch ' has developed info an important industrial tool, and it has been used for metal cutting and welding , fabricating operations that would not be possible otherwise. However, along with technological advances, the plasma torch has presented new .problems to the industrial hygiene field. It is j the purpose of this paper to discuss these problems and the extent of Industrial hygienist's awareness of them. A brief outline of the theory of the plasma torch and the history and scope of us industrial usage is also presented. There are 24 references. .--Authors' abst. j . ' 011324411 '; i Industrial Hygiene Digest ieoterr.oe r 948 Conditions for Use of Airline Respirators in Atmosphere* Immediately Hazardous to Life or Health. American Industrial Hygiene Association--American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Joint Respirator Committee. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 30. 303-307 (MayJune, 1969). The use of the airline respirator is increasing because of its comfort and high degree of pro tection it offers. Since airline respirators offer no protection if the air supply fails, the U.S. Bureau of Mines approves airline respirators only for use in atmospheres from which the wearer can escape without respiratory protection. However, it is recognized that the condi tions of routine processes or operational designs may dictate the occasional use of airline respirators in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health. The various types of airline respirators are listed in order with regard to the protection they afford the wearer. The required precautions which must be taken for the safe use of airline respirators in hazard ous atmospheres are described in detail. --Authors' abst. COMMUNITY AIR HYGIENE 949 The Spectre of Today's Environmental Pollution--USA Brand: New Perspectives from an Old Scout. Cummings Memorial Lecture. H. E. Stokinger. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. _3* 195217 (May-June, 1969). A comprehensive toxicologic evaluation of the potential human health hazards from man-made and natural environmental pollutants (except radiation) from air. water and food has been made to highlight the areas of greatest concern for health agencies in the U.S. A. The judgments are predicated on pollutant levels existing now or in the foreseeable future, and on the hereditary milieu of the population of the continental United States. There are 128 references. --Author's abst. 950 Respiratory Symptoms and Air Pollution in an Urban Population of Northeastern United States. W. Winkelstein, Jr., and S. Kantor. Arch. Environmental Health 18. 760-767 (May, 1969). A study of the relationship of respiratory symptoms to air pollution from both suspended par ticulates and oxides of sulfur was undertaken in a random sample of white women in Buffalo during the period 1961 to 1963. Smokers had higher rates of cough with phlegm than did non- smokers. A positive association (0. 25>P.>0. 10) between cough with phlegm and suspended particulate air pollution was revealed among nonsmokers 45 years of age and older. An Inter action among smokers between residential mobility and respiratory symptomatology was in dicated. Among smokers with stable residential histories, cough with phlegm was positively associated with air pollution at place of current residence; while among those smokers who had moved within the previous five years, it was inverse (P<0. 01). There was no positive assoc iation between respiratory symptoms and oxides of sulfur air pollution. The analysis indicated that the association was not attributable to differences in social class between the air pollution levels. There are 11 references. --Authors' abst. 951 Chicago Air Pollution Study. SO Levels and Acute Illness in Patients with Chronic Bronchopulmonarj^Disease^ B. W. Carnow, et al. Arch. Environmental Health 18. 768-776 (May, 1969). A study was done to determine whether a dose-effect relationship exists between levels of pollu tion as measured by SO| and acute morbidity from respiratory disease in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary disease. For this purpose a Registry of 561 patients with chronic broncho pulmonary disease was established. A graded pulmonary disease classification was developed, based on severity of symptoms; a daily personal pollution index was estimated for each patient, baaed on SO* levels in his square mile of employment and residence; and a daily calendar was maintained to record acute respiratory illness. In patients age 55 and over with grade 3 and 4 bronchitis, an increase in the acute morbidity rate was found in association with increased lev els of SOj. This increase in illness rate was recorded for the day of exposure and more con sistently for the day following exposure. There are 3 references. --Authors' abst. 27. 01 132 4412 Industrial Hygiene 3nit -- i- I : :l Seotemae r., . i? > I 952 Air Pollution Control. Preventive Medicine. J. T. Middleton. Arch, Environmental Health ! 18. 834-838 (May. 1969). < V".' >v":"` " J; The practice of medicine if becoming more acid more ixnbued with the concept of treating the ( whole man, apt merely hi* symptoms. Thle same concept is urgently needed in dealing with j problems of environmental health. We must be oriented to the total man in his total environment. , to the cumulative effects of a, growing number of .environmental hazards on a receptor--man--who ' can respond to them in an incredibly complex manner. It is hot sufficient to narrow our interest ' to the effects of air pollution on the lungs, thssffect of nolse on the ear. or the effect of crowding i on the psyche.. We must identify the interrelationships of these and all other forms of environ* ' mental insult on man's physical add mental health, productivity,' and ability'to enjoy the fruits of our culture. The sincere and responsible cooperation of all citizens; in the time ahead will make it possible to move toward making the environment man!i ally, not his enemy'. We have no time 1 to lose. There are 4 references. . --Cond. from text - ]> 953 Synergistic Action of Ozone-Sulfur Dioxide on Peanuts 1 H. G. Applegate and L. C. Durrant. Environ. Sci. Technol. _3- 759-750 (Aug., 1969). , . j ` Peanut plants were fumigated with ozone and.sulfur dioxide singly and together. Both gases. f when applied separately, induced characteristic damage to the plants'. A synergistic action not characteristic of individual gases was .'found when the two'gases were administered simultaneously. [ --Authors' abst. 954 Incineration of Organic Materials by Direct Gas Flame for Air Pollution Control. D. E. Waid. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 30; 291-297 (May-June, 1969). / . \ t This paper gives a summary of industries .where direct gas flame incineration is applicable for i air pollution control and traces the nationwide development and recent applications of this device ,in Los Angeles County. San Francisco Bay area; and Chicago; Test data are given which in- | elude information on heat recovery methods, performance, and design criteria. An approach j to solving a typical air pollution control problem by the use'of gas flame incineration is presented. j 'X ' --Author's sbst. I MANAGEMENT ASPECTS . I 955 Absence from Work ahd Physical Fitness. V. Linddn. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 26, 47-53 (Jan.. 1969). The distribution of sickness absence in a given population Is not one of chance but is governed by the nature of the individuals making up the group. Earlier studies strongly suggested that . an individual factor was operating. The present paper is concerned with the possible influence of a physical factor. ' Are those who repeatedlyjabsent themselves from work less physically fit than those who do not. and are.the former, in carrying out.their work, overtaxing their res- piratory and circulatory systems? 'Pilot studies were carried out on 203 employees- from dif ferent occupations. Physical fitness was determined by measurement of the maximal oxv- -.-n uptake during performance of dynamic'work. A1 bicycle ergometer of the mechanical braK.;.g type was used. --Author's abet. cond. ' ( i j J ! | j ' 956 University-Sponsored Executive Development Programs. D. R. Sheriff and J. P. West. Conference Board Record 6, 48-50 (Aug.. 1969). * [ ! The emergence of business administration as a major area of concentration in higher' education. .-j both undergraduate and graduate, is one of the most notable developments in American education during the past half-century. Comparatively little attention.has been given to a later, but at ] j least equally vigorous off-shbot of the same branch--the university-sponsored executive devel- j- opment program. Most of the growth in this area has taken place since 1950. Of the. major courses currently offered by U.S.; universities today, only three were inexistence prior to j 1950: M.I.T.'s, starting in 1931, Harvard University's in 1943. and the University of Pittsburgh's ! in 1949. By 1954 there were 17 courses operating in 15 different universities, and three years j Industrial Hvgiene Digest Seoterr-.::e r. later. 30 programs. The present analysis covers 45 programs in 42 schools. It would appear that university-sponsored courses are becoming a permanent feature of many collegiate schools of business administration. And it is safe to assume that other schools have such programs in the planning stage. In a program evaluation survey of 35 major corporate-users, most replies indicated that the firms believe that participants receive these benefits, and in substantial measure: (1) A broader perspective of themselves and the company. (2) A noticeable increase in knowledge. (3) New approaches to problem-solving and decision-making. (4) A general improvement in performance. A more detailed report of the results of the latest National Industrial Conference Board (NICB) study of university-sponsored executive development pro grams will shortly appear in an NICB Study in Personnel Policy. --Cond. from text 957 Low Unemployment Rates Abroad. The Impact of Manpower Programs and Self-Employment. D. Bauer. Conference Board Record b, 51-56 (Aug., 1969). The rate of unemployment in the United States has declined almost consistently each year since 1961. and the 3. 3% reached early this year represented the lowest level since shortly after the end of the Korean War. The current low level of joblessness largely reflects eight years of uninterrupted economic expansion, plus, --since 1965--the manpower requirements, both mili tary and civilian, of the Vietnam conflict. In addition. Federal manpower programs- have emerged as a major means of providing a "basis for overcoming the obstacles to gainful employment of disadvantaged workers, and for averting manpower shortages which could interrupt economic progress. "* Between 1965 and 1968 alone, roughly one million persons were enrolled in pro grams designed to teach skills and to correct educational deficiencies that stand in the way of gainful employment. Yet. despite the continuing demand for labor and the improvement of job skills among marginal workers, the unemployment rate in the United States has remained well above the rates recorded in most other industrialized countries. Unemployment among non- agricultural workers in the U.S. is relatively high because of the predominance of wage and alary employment. Only about 10% of this country's nonagricultural work force is self-employed or works in family-owned enterprises; the vast majority work in establishments owned by others and are thus prone to layoffs or dismissals if business slackens. Only the nonfarm labor force in the U.K. (94% wage and salary) and Germany (89%) is comparable to the U.S. in this respect. Wage and salary personnel in France account for approximately 86% of all nonagricultural workers, and in Italy and Japan the ratio drops to about 75%. According to one estimate, un employment in the United States in the early 1960's would have been about one-third lower if the self-employed (including unpaid family workers) had constituted as large a portion of this country's labor force as they do in Japan. While self-employment may afford workers a cer tain measure of "job security, " such a guarantee may be illusory if it does no more than prevent a worker from swelling the unemployment statistics. Moreover, job security attained in this guise may come at the expense of gains in productivity and hence in overall output. Italy, for instance, has large pockets of underemployed, working on small undercapitalized farms and commercial establishments. Many of these workers probably would be reluctant to work for others. But from an aggregate point of view, the country's total manpower resources would be more productive if such persons were to be shifted to other jobs, particularly in industries where the ratio of capital per worker is Ugh. The importance of similar shifts in fostering the growth of the economies of Western Europe during the 1950's has been amply documented in recent years. --Cond. from text 1. Manpower Report of the President, Government Printing Office, January 1969, p. 22. 958 Human Values and Business LeadersMp. G. E. Morse. Personnel 46, 8-14 (July-Aug., 1969). In a pluralistic society, great power is safely and constructively used only when properly checked and balanced. We live in an era of growing bigness everywhere--big business, big labor, big government, big institutions of all kinds. For example, the spotlight is now on the militaryindustrial complex. It would be tragic if our very best young minds, our most sensitive, ideal istic, creative youngsters withhold themselves from careers in either part of that complex. In the face of great power, nonparticipation doesn't work: the only sure route to reform is from within. Because of the very power of the large organisations in every aspect of our society, it is Important that the most capable, the most self-disciplined, the most right-minded, and the Ughest-priacipled individuals in each generation prepare themselves for and devote their lives 29. 01 132 4414 Industrial Hygiene Digest Seote:n-.*?er. i s? to found, constructive application of such power. If theydo not. if they let power drift into the heads of the less capable, the unprincipled, those who shout down any dissenting voice or thwart legitimate activity of ideological adversaries, they create the opportunity for another despot. ' --Cond. from text f ' !' V- ' ' - I accidents and prevention. I v" V' VV; ` />'' : 959 The Occupation of Trawl Fishing and Idle Medical Aid Available to the Grimsby Deep Sea Fish- R. W.erman. S. Moore. Brit. J; Ind. Med. 56, 1-24 (Jan., 1969). -! ? j I ! ! ! ! | The mortality of fishermen is twice that of coalminers. Because of the method of fishing the mortality of the trawlerman'is probably higher. Outside.the industry little is known about the. occupation of trawl fishing. Its size, the number of men employed, and the number and distri- bution of trawlers are therefore described, with particular reference to the port of Grimsby. As near, middle, and deep water trawlers'sail from Grimsby, its industry -gives a good repre sentation of conditions, in the industry as a whole. The port and the fishing grounds are described. The composition of the trawler crew, their conditions of work, accommodation, and remunert- tion are explained. A description is given of the trawl apparatus, fishing operations, and the hazards involved; and extracts from the writer's diary of a fishing voyage are appended. The United Kingdom has. ratified the Accommodation of Crews; (Fishermen) Convention 1966 of the International Labour.Organisation, and an infornial survey of a modern trawler fleet showed that it fell short of the requirements of this Convention. Accommodation is confined and the crew live and work in close proodmity and in conditions of physical discomfort. Trawlermen work for long hours under conditions which would not^be tolerated by the shore worker. The method of payment is such that trawlermen may take unnecessary risks. Earnings depend on team work so that illness and injury are often' not reported with consequent deterioration of the con dition. --Author's abst. cond. i ' ' | 1 j [ 1 1 j | 960 The Mortality and Morbidity of Deep Sea Fishermen Sailing from Grimsby in One Year. S. R. W. Moore. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 26. 25-46 (Jan.. 1969). ! I The injuries, illnesses,, and deaths of Grimsby;deep sea fisherthen in the year 1963 have been j studied using the trawler log-book as the basic source of information. Additional information ; has been obtained from other'sources. The numbers* of man-days sailed by Grimsby deep sea fishermen, by age' and rating in 1963, have been ascertained.. From these.' incapacity rates for the measurement of morbidity due to injury and illness, and the mortality rate, have been calculated. There were14 deathe, six due "to; accidental, causes and eight to natural causes. j giving a mortality rate of 5*7.-per 1, OOO for Grimsby deep-sea fishermen in 1963. In a year when there was no.fbundering or loss of Grimsby trawlers, .the fatal accident rate of Grimsby j trawlermen was more than twice that of fishermen of the United Kingdom, four times the rate for miner*, and 40 times that for the manufacturing industries. . The most common injuries | were, in order of incidence,- contusions of varying degrees of severity,' infected lesions, sprains ( and strains, lacerations, and fractures I - Morel than half (56*3%) of the trawlermen were Inca- J pacitated by their injuries,' This highest rates of incapacity were caused by fractures, contusions, j and infected lesions. The upper limb, especially the hands and fingers, was most often affected, j resulting most commonly in infected lesions. Third hands. mates, deck hands, deck trimmers, r and deck learners had the highest incapacity rates due to injury. Third hands are especially at } risk to injury. Most injuries and two deaths caused by casualties to boats occurred in fires j aboard trawlers. --Author's abst. cond. . - j 961 Effects of Safety Communication .Campaigns; A Review of the Research Evidence. J. B. Haskins. J. Safety Research i,. 58-66 (June, 1969). - ' ` ' f ' An intensive search-of published literature was conducted to determine what is known about the effects of mass communicationon drinking/driving in particular and safety in general. Results of that search indicate that there has been relatively little research of any kind on the effects ! of numerous campaigns that have been conducted and, due to inadequate, research design. j one cannot be* confident of ths results obtained in most published studies. The principal flaw in ; campaign evaluation studies has been-the reliance on before and after research designs with no coctroi group and an unfounded faith in the power of post hoc statistical analysis. In message- j -. pre-testing, the principal flaw has been unrealistic laboratory environments and the.use of verbal i meeeoree of effect. -Author's abst. 01 30. 132 4415 j r. V., ; -. Industrial Hygiene Digest INDEX Seoterr.aer Absenteeism, and physical fitness 955 r Acetylene tetrabromide (tetrabromoeth- anc) acute intoxication in man 923 Aerosolfs) effect of particle else on deposition of inhaled 930 Air analysis improved sampler for pollutants 941 Air pollution Chicago study 951 control, preventive medicine 952 from animal wastes 940 measurement(s) improved gas sampler 941 ozone-sulfur dioxide action on peanuts 953 respiratory symptoms in northeast U.S.A. 950 spectre of today's environmental 949 Alcoholics plasma hydrocortisone response to ethanol 90S Allergy(ics) mite(s) from, and house dust 889. 890 skin reactions to extracts 891 Ammonia development of bronchiectasis by in halation ' 915 Analysis improved gas sampler for air pollu tant determination 941 Anthrax, fatal case of inhalation 905 Antiseptics, evaluation of hand 909 Apricot kernels cyanide poisoning after ingestion 912, 913 Arthritis home care programs (bk. rev.) 877 Asbestos experimental pulmonary carcinogenesis 935 Asthma mite(s) and house dust allergy 889 skin reactions to extracts 891 Atherosclerosis, in vicinity of Provence 893 Australia proceedings of first pneumoconiosis conference (bk. rev.) 875 Bacteria identification by spectrophotofluoro- metric methods 910 Bausch and Lomb modification of dust counting system 931 Biochemistry of nucleic acids (bk. rev.) 879 Bird breeder's lung pulmonary function studies 902 Books biochemistry of nucleic acids (6th ed.) 879 Books (cont.) environmental health planning guide home care programs in arthritis methods in immunology and immuno- chemistry nurses can give and teach rehabilita tion proceedings of first Australian pneu moconiosis conference (1968) profile of burn management Bronchitis clinical aspects and pathogenesis Bronchoscopy, tantalum as medium Burns profile of management (bk. rev.) Business leadership and human values 876 877 874 878 875 873 888 906 873 958 Camphor exposures in a packaging plant 921 Cancer epidemiology of therapy extraction of data from medical records 898 lung, mortality and survival rates 901 Carbacide treatment in human louse infestation 896 Carbon monoxide poisoning thrombosis of popliteal vein 914 Cerium cer-pneumoconiosis from carbon arc lamps 916 C e r - pneumoconios is from carbon arc lamps 916 Chicago, air pollution study 951 Chromatography, separation of silanes 944 Cigarette nicotine tar rating (1969) 897 Cirrhosis, dietary-induced 895 Coal workers serum iron in pneumoconiosis 934 Cummings Memorial Lecture 949 Cyanide poisoning after ingestion of apricot kernels 912, 913 delta-Amlnolevulinlc acid levels in lead poisoning Dermal toxicity determination for pesticides Dust counting, determination modification of Bausch and Lomb system 919 926 931 Emphysema pulmonary alphai -antitrypsin deficiency Environment health planning guide (bk. rev.) Envlrontologist a new health professional 907 876 880 31. 01 132 4416 Ir.cmtrial Hygiene Z'iieat sestesiser. Executive development program* university-sponsored 956 Ueer damage threeholda ocular lesions in scurvy 946 886 Fllter(s) evaluation with submicroa viral. aerosols Fishing Grimsby deep sea fishermen medical aid available mortality and morbidity 932 959 960 Grimsby deep sea fishermen medical aid available mortality and morbidity 959 960 Hand antisepeis, evaluation Health, the environtologist Hearing loss, teat for susceptibility Human values, and business leadership 909 880 945 .958 Immunology methods and immunochemistry (bk. rev,) Incinerator(s) direct gas flame for air pollution . control Insecticides antilouse decontamination of cotton sacks Ireland, trichinosis insouthwest Isocyanate hazard from wireinsulation 874 954. 928 904 925 Laser(s) damage thresholds for ocular tissues 946 Lead determination aerosols in marine atmosphere 943 poisoning delta-aminolevulinic acid levels _Lice_ 919 decontamination of cotton saeks 928 treatment with carbacide in human infestation 896 Lung(s) evaluation of function. UCLA confer ence 892 Malaria pharmacology of antimalarials Management aspects executive development programs low unemployment rates abroad Mary, Queen of Scots further medical notes Massachusetts peptic ulcer in physicians Medicine residency training in community 903 , 956 957. 881 894 883 Mercury fatality following aspiration uptake in brains of animals , Mites and house dust allergy skin reactions 918 917 889,. 890 891 Nitrofurantoin,, pulmonary reaction 922 Noise hearing acuity and acceptance criteria 938 masking of change in residue pitch 93? Nuclear power plants tritium in environment . .. 939 Nucleic acids, biochemistry (bk.' rev.) 879 Odor(s) determination, from animal wastes 940 Ophthalmology / ocular laser damage thresholds for tissues .946 lesions in scurvy 886 - ! ' Ozone-sulfur dioxide . synergistic action on peanuts . . 953 Paraquat poisoning lung.transplantation Peanut's' 929 synergistic action of osone-s.uifur dioxide' ./ 953 Peptic ulcer . in Massachusetts physicians 894 Pestieides_' '. determining dermal toxicity 926 epidemiology in rural area 927 ' PhvtclaM peptic ulcer in Massachusetts 894 ' Physiologist response to "undiagnosed distress" 882 Plasma jet, industrial hygiene aspects 947 Pneumoconiosis .proceedings of first Australian confer ence (1968). (bk. rev.)-, 875 serum iron in coal workers 934 Polyurethane hazard .from wire insulation - 925 Porphyria. Mary, Queen of Scots 881 Potassium chloride . in treatment of thallotaxicosis . 920 ' Provence^- . epidemiological study of atheroscler osis : 893 ' Pulmonary .. function studies in bird breeder's lung 902 reaction from nitrofurantoin . 922 ' i . _ Rehabilitation . ' nurses can teach (bk. rev.) Resplrator(s). conditions for use of'airline 878 948- Safety . . . effects of communication campaigns, review of research evidence .-961 32. 01 132 4417 Industrial Hygiene Digest Scurvy experimental in man 885 ocular lesions 886 Shift workers sleep and wakefulness in a group 884 Silanes, gas chromatographic separation 944 Silicones separation of chlorosilanes, methyl - chlorosilanes, and siloxanes 944 Silicotuberculosis significance of cavernostomy Sleep and wakefulness 936 in shift workers Smoking 884 bronchial clearance in humans 899 cigarette nicotine tar rating (1969) 897 success in stopping 900 Stridor from contaminated tracheal tubes 924 Sulfuric acid aerosols determination in atmosphere 942 T antalum medium for bronchoscopy Tennis leg Tetrabromocthane (acetylene tetrabro- mide) acute intoxication in man Thallium potassium chloride treatment in thal- lotoxicosis Trauma, tennis leg Trichinoses, in southwest Ireland T ritium, from nuclear power plants 906 887 923 920 887 904 939 Ultrasound, treatment of plantar warts 911 Unemployment rates abroad 957 Warts treatment of plantar with ultrasound Wire insulation, isocyanate hazard Woodworkers tumors of nose and sinuses 911 925 933 Zoonoses bird breeder's lung, pulmonary function studies trichinoses in southwest Ireland 902 904 Seoterr.se r. 01 132 4418 33. ndt striAl Hvgieae Digest ADDRESSES* tJr JOURNALS ABSTRACTED Seocerr.oer ' .** 1 Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. American Induetrial Hygiene Aeeociation Journal Editorial Office Department of Induetrial Health School of Public Health The '.Diversity of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 Am. J. Clin. Nutr. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Reub-n H. Donnelley Corporation 466 Lexington Avenue New York. New York 10017 Am. J. Roentgenol. American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy and Nuclear Medicine 301 -27 East Lawrence Avenue Springfield, Illinois 62703 Anal. Chem. Analytical Chemistry 1155 Sixteenth Street Washington. D. C. 20036 Ann. Internal Med. Annals of Internal Medicine 4200 Pine Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Arch. Dermatol. Archives of Dermatology 535 North Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60610 Arch. Environmental Health Archives of Environmental Health 535 North Dearborn Street Chicago. Illinois 60610 Arch. Internal Med. Archives of Internal Medicine 535 North Dearborn Street Chicago. Illinois 60610 Brit. J. Ind. Med. British Journal of Industrial Medicine Tavistock Square London, W. C. 1. England Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine British Medical Association B. M. A. House, Tavistock Square London. W. C. 1. England Brit. Med. J. British Medical Journal Tavistock Square London, W. C. 1, England Clin. Res. ` ' Clinical Research American Federation for Clinical Research ~ 2000 P Street, Northwest Washington. D. C. 20036 - :' Conference Board Record .National Industrial Conference Board 845 Third Avenue NeW York. , New York 10022 * i j i [ !. 1 Deut. med. Wochschr. . Deut. medixinische Wochenschrift Herdweg 63, Postfach-732 Stuttgart N. Germany :j Environ. Sd. Technol. ' ' Environmental*Science and Technology American Chemical Society 1155 Sixteenth Street. Northwest Washington. D. C. 20036 .Harefuah Domus Medica 1J. Heftman Street Tel-Aviv, Israel ,, i j ! ! j } i I J.Acoust. Soc. Am. r Journal of the Acoustical. Societyof America Prince and Lemon Streets Lancaster, Pennsylvania '"17601 J. Am; Med. , Assn. Journal,of tlte American Medical Association 535 North Dearborn Street Chicago. Illinois 60610 J. Laryngol. Otol. . Journal of Laryngology and Otology Headley Brothers. Ltd. 109 Kingsway London,. W.. C. 2.. England J. Pediat. Journal.of Pediatrics C. V. Mosby Company 3207 WasMngton Boulevard Saint Louis. Mi**uri 63103 j | ; | ! 1 | ^ ! | j j J. Safety Research Journal of Safety Research National Safety Council . . 425 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 Jap. J. Chest Pis. (Nihon Rlnsko Kekkaku) Koku Seido Shuppan KK 3-23-5 Hongo Bunkyo-Ku,. Tokyo, Japan | ! j 34. > -} ;;\A' 'V Industrial Hvgiene Digest Lancet 7 Adam Street. Adelphi London, W. C. 1. England New Engl. J. Med, New England Journal of Medicine 10 Shattuck Street Boaton, Manacbuietti 02115 Nord. Med. Norditk Medicin Sturegatan 16 Stockholm 20, Sweden Personnel American Management Association. Inc. 135 West Fiftieth Street New York, New York 10020 Public Health Repts. Public Health Reports U. S. Government Printing Office Washington. O. C. 20402 Thorax British Medical Association B. M. A. House, Tavistock Square London, W. C. 1, England Union Med. Canada Union Medicale du Canada 5064 Park Avenue Montreal 8, Canada Scptcrr.oe?, I *** 01 132 4420 T- & V 35. W-"