Document ypNJo8KVdNQXOENb6dgrOg6XE

' \ - . Interoffice Communication To L. N. Vernon From D. A. Kuhn o* October 7, 1977 Subject Biomedical and Environmental Progress Report Week Ending October 7, 1977 (1) In a recent meeting with VCM/PVC industry leaders, high EPA officials stonewalled any attempts to withdraw the proposal or consider compromise. It appears EPA has bought the EOF idea of zero emissions. Our future course will be decided at the VCM/PVC Safety Committee meeting on October 20. In the meantime, the technical committee is trying to work out ways to mend the many deficiencies in the proposal. All consi derations of possible compromises have been terminated. It looks as if everyone is getting into position to go to court. (2) Eleven companies have joined with Conoco Chemicals to sponsor the methyl chloride assay at CUT. Two other companies are still considering joining. Actual test work will begin early in December. (3) OSHA has announced a generic carcinogen standard. If it's promulgated as proposed, a chemical found to meet certain testing specifications will be classified S automatically regulated. It's a way to shortcut the standard-making process that's been used for vinyl chloride and benzene, thus we would get more standards faster. In a recent study, NIOSH considered chemicals with the greatest carcinogenic hazard to be, among others, formaldehyde, benzene, lead, kerosine. nickel, chromium and carbon tetrachloride. We are particularly concerned about the inclusion of kerosine and COPY: JLE JEC 10-12-77 MOD 000012354 535 Full Text V NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WORKPLACE EXPOSURE TO REFINED PETROLEUM SOLVENTS The .National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health "Varnish makers' and painters' naphtha" is a refined i.NM'.Slh until in lent I* tlut emplowe exposure lo petroleum petroleum solvent with a boiling range of 95-161) C and i> ether. rubber solvent. v;irm>li makers' and painters' composed of organic compounds whose carbon chain lengilis naphtha, mineral spirit*. Stoddard solvents and kerosene in range from <..'5 to Cl l The chemical Composition of a tvpic.d the workplace be controlled by adherence to the following varnish makers and painters naphtha would be 55 4 sections. The standards are designed to protect the health paraltins. 30 31 monocycioparaflins. 2.4`T dicycioparot- and provide for the safety of employees tor up to a m-hour hns, 0.11 benzene. 11 71 alkylbenzenes. 0.1' i indans and work shitt. 40-hour workweek, over a working life. letralins. Compliance with all sections of the standards should prevent ".Mineral spirits" is a refined petroleum solvent with a adverse etfects ot these chemicals on the health of boiling range ot 150-2U0C. A typical chemical composition employees and provide for their safety. Techniques for mineral spirits would be: 80-86' L saturated hydrocar recommended are valid, reproducible, and available to in bons. r. olefins, and 13-19`r aromatics. dustry and government agencies Sufficient technology ex ists to permit compliance with the recommended standards. Although the environmental limits for the workplace are considered to be safe levels based on current information, the employer should regard these as the upper boundary of exposure and every effort should be made to keep the ex posure as low as is technically feasible. The criteria and "Stoddard solvent" is a type of mineral spirits with a boil ing range of 160-210 C and is composed of organic com pounds whose carbon chain lengths range from C? to Cl2 The chemical composition of a typical Stoddard solvent would be: 47.7'; paraffins. 26*7 monocycloparalins. 11.6 ' dicycloparatfms. 0 f, benzene. 14.1', alkylbenzenes. 0 5 , indans and tetralms. standards will be subject to review and revision as "140 Flash aliphatic solvent" is a type of Stoddard solvent necessary. with a boiling range of 185-207 C and is composed of organic Eye. nose, and throat irritation, dermatitis, and etfects on compounds whose carbon chain lengths range from C5 to ( the nervous system have been tound in workers exposed to some refined petroleum solvents. Benzene, which has been C12 A typical chemical composition for 140 flash aliphatic solvent would be. 60.8'< paraffins. 24 51 monocycloparjf- shown to cause blood dvscrasias in humans, is present in ftns. 11.2'2 dicycloparaffins. 0.07*1 benzene. 3.03 '. alkyl small amounts in many refined petroleum solvents. N'lOSH benzenes, and 0.31 indans and tetralins. has concluded that benzene is leukemogemc. For further in formation on the hazards ot benzene, refer to Appendix I. It is therefore recommended that, when benzene is found to be present in refined petroleum solvents, every effort be made to keep the benzene exposure as low as possible. The refined Kerosene" is a refined petroleum solvent with a boiimg range of J75-325 C. A typical chemical composition for kerosene would be: 25'" normal paraffins. IT; branched paraffins. 30*7 monocycloparaffins, !2'7 dicycloparaffins. 11 tricycioparaffins, 15'", mononuclear aromatics, and b petroleum solvents examined in this document are for the most part complex mixtures, and the possibility of syn ergistic or additive toxic etfects of the components of these mixtures should not be overlooked. These criteria and recommended- standards apply to oc cupational exposure of workers to the following refined dinuclear aromatics. Deodorized kerosene" is a refined petroleum solvent that has a boiling range of 209-274 C and a typical chemi.ul composition of 55 2'. paraffins. 40 9', naphthenes, and 3.9'- aromatics. petroleum solvents: petroleum ether, rubber solvent, If exposure to other chemicals also occurs, the employer varnish makers and painters naphtha, mineral spirits. shall comply also with applicable standards for the other Stoddard solvents, and kerosene, all included in the term chemicals. In particular, special attention shall be given ti "refined petroleum solvents.'' the benzene content of the refined petroleum solvents being The refined petroleum solvents considered in this docu used. ment have a total aromatic content of less than 201";. Other The "action level" for petroleum ether, rubber solvent, hydrocarbon solvents such as thinners. whose total aromatic and varnish makers' and painters' naphtha is defined as an content may exceed 201. are not discussed in this document airborne time-weigh ted average i TWA) concentration of 2u0 For the purposes of these recommended standards for refin milligrams per cubic meter <mg,cu mi of air for up to a ed petroleum solvents, the following definitions will apply to 10-hour work shift in a 40-hour workweek. The "action those solvents covered in this document: level" for mineral spirits and Stoddard solvent is defined * Petroleum ether" is a refined petroleum solvent that has a TWA concentration of 350 mg/cu m of air for up to j a boiling range of 30-60 C and typically has a chemical com 10-hour work shift in a 40-hour workweek. The "actum position of 801 pentane and 201 isohexane. level" for kerosene is defined as a TWA concentration of 100 "Rubber solvent" is a refined petroleum solvent with a mg, cu m of air for up to a 10-hour work shift in a 40-hour boiling range of 45-125 C and is composed of organic com workweek. "Occupational exposure" to refined petroleum pounds whose carbon chain lengths range from C5 to C7. The solvents is defined as exposure above the action level l.\- chemical composition of a typical rubber solvent would be: posurc to refined petroleum solvents at lower concentration* 414'. paraffins. 53 6'. munocycloparaHins. mono- will not require adherence to the following sections, except olefins. I 5'. benzene, and 3.4'- alkyl benzene. for Section 2(a). 3. 4<a.b>. 6(a.c-i>, 7, and 8(ai Cu|'y'"|io 197/ by Tli.* I1., . ua a* N`O.an.,1 Alla.i-. Inc. MOD 00001235-' 536 Section l -- Em'trfmme/ikil f Workphirr ,-Wrj (a i Concentration i l> The employer shall control occupational exposure to airborne concentrations of petroleum ether rubber solvent, varnish makers' and painters naphtha, mineral spirits, and Stoddard solvents so that no employee is exposed at a con centration greater than 350 mg cu m of air. determined as a TWA concentration tor up to a 10-hour work shift. 40-hour workweek In addition, no employee shall be exposed to any of the above refined petroleum solvents at a ceiling concen tration greater than i.BUO nig cu m as determined by a sampling time ol 15 minutes i 21 The employer shall control occupational exposure to kerosene so that no employee is exposed at a concentration greater than 100 mg cu m of air determined as a TWA con centration for up to a 10-hour work shift. 40-hour workweek. ib> Sampling and Analysis Procedures tor the collection: and analysis of workroom air samples shall be as provided in Appendices II, III. and IV. or by any methods shown to be at least equivalent m precision and sensitivity to the methods specified. Section 2 -- Medical Medical surveillance as described below shall be made available to all workers subject to occupational exposure to retined petroleum solvents <ai Preplacement examinations shall include at least: ill Comprehensive medical and work histories. < 2 * Phvsical examination, giving particular attention to: the sr.-.n. appropriate liver function tests such as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; complete blood count, urinalysis, and tests of nervous system function. i 3 A judgment of the ability of the worker to use negative or positive pressure-respirators. i b i Periodic examinations shall be made available at least on an annual basis and shall include at least ill Interim medical and work histones. i2i Phvsical examination as outlined in iai<2> above, ic During examinations, applicants or employees having medical conditions which would be 'directly or indirectly aggravated by exposure to these substances, such as chronic dermatitis, shall be counseled on the increased risk of im pairment of their health from working or continuing to work with these substances i d i Initial medical examinations shall be made available to all workers within 6 months after the promulgation of standards based on these recommendations. iei In an emergency involving these substances, all affected personnel shall be provided with immediate first aid. followed by prompt medical evaluation and care. In the event ul eye or skin contact with refined petroleum solvents, contaminated clothing and shoes shall be removed im mediately and eyes and skin shall be flushed with copious amounts of water. The medical attendants shall be informed of the possibility of central nervous depression. ill Pertinent medical records shall be kept by the employer for at least 3(J years after employment has ended. These records shall be kept lor at least 30 years alter employment has ended. These records shall he made available to the designated medical representatives of the Secret,nv ol llv.dlli. Kilurnlion, and Welfare, of the* Secretary ol Libor, of I he employer, and of the employee or lormcr employee OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REPORTER Section 3 -- Labeling and Posting All labels and warning signs shall be printed both in English and tn the predominant language of nonEnglish-reading employees Illiterate workers and workers reading languages other than those used on labels and posted signs shall receive information regarding hazardous areas and shall be intormed of the instructions printed on labels and signs The following warning label and sign shall be affixed in a readily visible location on petroleum ether, rubber solvent, varnish makers' and painters' naphtha, mineral spirit.v Stoddard solvents, or kerosene storage tank containers NAME OF SOLVENT (synonym WARNING' FLAMMABLE' tor COMBUSTIBLE' CAN BE FATAL OR CAUSE SEVERE ILLNESS IF SWALLOWED Keep away from heal, sparks, and open flame No smoking permuted. Do not take internally. Keep container closed. Avoid prolonged or repeated breathing of vapor. Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Use with adequate ventilation. In case of Fire: Use appropriate foam-type, dry chemical te g . sodium bicarbonate, or carbon dioxide extinguishers. Spill: Flush area with adequate amounts of water First Aid: In case of eye or skin contact, flush with copious amounts of water while lifting the eyelids. Change clothing it contaminated. In case of accidental swallowing. ca;l a physician. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING' Section 4 -- Personal Protective Clothing and Equip ment (a) Protective Clothing la) Appropriate protective clothing, including gloves, aprons, suits, boots, and face shields < 3-inch mimmurru with goggles, made of a material resistant to refined petroleum solvents shall be provided for and worn by every employee to limit skin contact. In addition, the protective clothing shall also be fire-resistant. This type ol clothing shall be worn by employees removing clothing from drycleamng machines or performing spotting operations In addition to being solventresistant. tiie gloves used in these operations shall also be of sufficient length to protect the forearms of the employees Employees performing these operations should keep solvent-saturated materials away from their breathing zones as much as possible. (21 Unless protective clothing is being worn, the employer shall ensure that a change of clothing is immediately available to be used by any employee whose clothes become welled with solvents. i 31 Where protective clothing is required, the employer shall provide the employee with separate storage facilities tor work clothes and tor street clothes, preferably separated by shower facilities. (4 > Safety showers and eyewash fountains shall be provid ed in appropriate areas. These showers and fountains shall Ik* checked periodically to ensure their proper working conilUnnt. ill) Kyo Proledion ('liemio.il solely goggles (splu.stlpnHif > and fare shields O< eupoMuno 1 Safely A Health Reporter MCI) OOOO12-356 CURRENT REPORT (9-inch minimum/ meeting the requirements listed in 29 CFK .yiO.133 jrul ANSI Z87.M968 shall be provided and worn in any operation in which there is a reasonable probability of a solvent being splashed into the eves ic> Respiratory Protection 11 Sp-irkprooi engineering controls, such as local exhaust hoods. Ians, or other ventilation systems, shall be used if needed u. keep solvent air concentrations below the TU \ and ceding environmental limits t.'ompiiance with (he en vironment il limits may nut be achieved by the use of respirators except i A i During the time period necessary to install or test the required engineering controls iB For njnroutine operations such as brief exposures at concentration's in excess of the environmental limits resulting from maintenance or repair activities. 537 iCi During emergencies when air concentrations of the solvent may exceed the environmental limits 12 > When a respirator is permitted by paragraph ic h l > of this section, it shall be selected and used pursuant to the following requirements: ' A i The emplover shall establish and enforce a respirators' protection program meeting the requirements of 29 i 'FK mu i:h. i H> The employer shall provide respirators in accordance with Tables l-l. 1-2. and 1-3 depending on the type of solvent used and shall ensure that the employee uses the appropriate respirator when needed. The respiratory protective devices provided in conformance with Tables 1-1. 1-2. and 1-3 shall comply with the standards jointly approved by NfOSH and the Mining Kntorcernent and Satetv Administration 1 turmer ic Bureau ut Mines: as speciiied under the provisions nt :iu CFR 11. TASLE 1-1 respirator sr_".:Tio:: guide for petroleum ether. rubber solvent, AMD VANISH MAKERS' AMD PAINTERS' NAPHTHA Concencracion Respirator Type Approved under Provisions of 30 CFR 11 Less chan or equal to 3,500 Qg/cu m Less than or equal to 17,500 mg/cu m Creater chan 17,500 mg/cu m \ Emergency entry (into an area of unknown concen tration) (1) Chemical cartridge respirator with half-mask facepiece and organic vapor cartridge* (2) Supplied-air respirator with halfmask facepiece operated in demand (neg ative pressure) mode (1) Gas mask equipped with full facepiece and organic vapor canister (2) Supplied-air respirator equipped with full facepiece (3) Self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated In demand mode (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pres sure-demand or other positive pressure mode (2) Combination Type C supolied-air respirator with full facepiece operated in pressure-demand mode, wich auxiliary self-contained air supply (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pres sure-demand or other positive pressure mode (2) Combination Type C supplied-air respirator with full facepiece operated in pressure-demand mode, with auxiliary self-contained air supply *The service life of the organic vapor <. .,rirldC should he limited to 1 hour. i. o|. n |l'< 1 9 7 / ! / 1 In- l\,j i i-.i >i N oi io nul AI f ,ji i s Inc. Md) oooo -12357 538 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REPORTER TARLF 1-2 RESPIRATOR SELECTION GUIDE. FOR STODDARD SOLVENTS AND MINERAL SPIRITS Concentration Respirator Type Approved under Provisions of 30 CFR 11 Less than or equal to 3,300 ng/cu n (1) Chemical cartridge respirator with half-mask facepiece and organic vapor cartridge* (2) Supplied-air respirator with half mask facepiece operated in demand (neg ative pressure) mode Less chan or equal to P,300 r2/cu n (1) Gas mask equipped with full facepiece and organic vapor canister (2) Supplied-air respirator equipped with full facepiere (3) Self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in demand mode Less char, or equal to 30,001) rr.c/cu rr. Supplied-air respirator equipped with full facepiece, hood, helmet, or suit in continuous-flow or other positive pressure node Greater than 30,000 ng/cu rr. (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pres sure-demand or other positive pressure mod e (2) Combination Type C supplied-air respirator with full facepiece operated in pressure-demand mode, with auxiliary self-contained air supply Emergency entry (into an area of unknown concen tration) (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pres sure-demand or other positive pressure mod e (2) Combination Type C supplied-air respirator with full facepiece operated in pressure-demand mode, with auxiliary self-contained air supply *Thc service life of the organic vapor cartridge should be limited to 1 hour. Occupulionol Safety & Hi'Jth Repo***r MOD 000012358 CURRENT REPORT \, TABLE T-3 RESPIRATOR SELECTION' GL'TDi: FOR EhRDSr.NF: 539 Canccr.fra: ior. Respirator Type Approved under Provisions cf 30 CFR 11 Loss cli.ir. or equal to 1 , OOh rr.g/cu n (1) Chemical cartridge respirator vith half-rask facepiece and organic vapor cartridge* (2) Suppl icd-a tr respirator '..-ith halfr.ask facepiece operated i n demand (neg ative pressure) node Less char, cr equal to 5.0CO r.q/cu n (1) Gas mask equipped with full face piece and organic canister (2) Sup pH <.d - air respirator equipped v: i t h full f .1 c e p i e Cjl ( 3) ? e l f - con t a ined hr oath i apn :ir a t us '.-it!: full facepiece operated in demand race \ Greater than 5,000 mg/cu n (1) Eel f - contained hr cat h ir.g apparatus with full facepiece operated in pres sure-demand or other positive pressure rode (2) Combination Type C suppliod-air respirator with full facepiece operated in pressure-demand mode, with auxiliary self-contained air supply Emergency entry (into an area of unknovn concen tration) '- (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pres sure-demand or other positive pressure node (2) Ccnhinn11 on Type C supplied-air respirator v:ith full facepiece operated in pressure-demand r.odc, vith auxiliary self-contained air supply *The service life of the organic vapor cartridge should he limited to 1 hour. iCi Respirators specified for use in higher concentrations of solvent vapor may be used in atmospheres of lower con centrations. il)> The employer shall ensure that no employee is being exposed to solvent air concentrations in excess of the en vironmental limits because of improper respirator selection, fit, use. or maintenance. iE> The employer shall ensure that respirators are ade quately cleaned and maintained and that employees arc in structed in the proper use and in testing for leakage of respirators assigned to them. ilh Respirators shall be easily accessible in work areas and employees shall be informed of their location. Copyfghr < 1977 by The bureau . Notional Alfuiti, Inc, MCD 000012359