Document ypBvjwaRZZ3mnJVw3awmbOkL6

Shower Stall Waterproofing TALL showers are provided in connection wdth many S of the private offices on several of the tow'er floors in the United States Court House in New Tork City. Floors and walls of these stall showers are completely waterproofed with 8 lb. sheet lead (% in- thick). The stalls measure approximately 2 ft. 10 in. by 4 ft. 11 in. inside dimensions. On top of the rough concrete floor a smooth cement surface 1) in. thick was placed. Tar paper was laid over this and the lead pan. which was coated on both sides with a heavy coating of black asphaltum, was set on the tar paper. The lead pan was turned up 12 in. on each edge and the corners were burned. A 2 in. finished lloor of cement and tile was placed on top of the lead pan. Three of the unfinished walls of the shower were terra cotta blocks. Four horizontal wood strips or grounds. \ > in. thick, were fastened by toggle bolts to each of these walls, spaced equally so the top strip came nearly 6 ft. above the floor. The walls were then plas tered Hush with the surface of the grounds and lined with sheet lead to a height of 6 ft., this lead lining lap ping inside the upstand of the lead floor pan about 4 in. Before the lead was installed the walls and the side of the sheet lead that would come in contact with them were coated with asphaltum. The sheet lead on the walls was fastened to the wood strips by clusters of brass tacks, and solder bull's-eyes were wiped over the clus ters of tack heads. The walls were finished with opaque glass panels over the lead and cemented to it with special cement. The partition dividing the shower from the rest of the bathroom and forming the fourth wall of the shower stall is of double glass with sheet lead between the two layers. In this partition is the door to the shower stall. This door is over a stile 6 in. high. The stile is similar to the walls, being two thicknesses of glass with lead between and is topped by a metal sill. Joints in the lead wall lining are wiped and do not occur at the corners, where the lead is carried continuouslv around the bend. Sheet lead for shower waterproofing has the advan tage of absolute impermeability to moisture, great per manence. and flexibility permitting it to he dressed down tightly, leaving no voids underneath to cause later set tlement and cracking of the tile floor. To prevent ab action on the lead resulting from free lime in cement, concrete or mortar, the lead should be well coated with asphaltum. Since the possibility of such action only exists when the cement, concrete or mortar is green, the asphaltum offers temporary protection during this ini tial stage. The shower stall waterproofing was done hv W. G. Cornell Co. All water cl. .-jets a:e connected to the soil pipes by 4 in. lead pipe straight connections. LlA2 5 40] 'nstallution oj lead .shower pans in :he new Federal Court House. Sen York. [2] Stall shower in one of the private office suites of the new Court House. Floor and walls are lined with sheet lead. Absolute waterproofing of shower stalls is extremely important to avoid ruined ceilings and walls below and even weakening of the structure resulting from rotted or rusted joists and beams. Consequently, the Lead Industries Association has published an illustrated leaf let giving step-bv-step information on lead shower pans which supplements this article. Copies will be sent free upon request and should prove useful to architects, builders and plumbers. Increasing popularity of stall showers makes accurate information essential. horizontally between these bars are continuous 18 oz. copper cleats about 7 ft. 8 in. apart. Lead sheets were installed with loose-locked seams at these cleats and the cleats were folded into these seams to secure the lead in place. On the sides, the lead sheets were turned up against the bronze bars with sufficient excess lead to make a locked seam. Lead batten caps were then placed over the bars and loose-locked to the lead sheets. Bronze angles were placed horizontally about every 2 ft. 4 in. up the slope of the roof and bolted to the bronze battens through the lead batten caps. To prevent leakage where the bolts penetrated the lead, 4 lb. soft lead gaskets bedded in elastic cement were used. The horizontal bronze angles support the tile roofing, which is colored glazed terra cotta. A special gold glaze was developed for the gold color in order to maintain indefi nitely the gold appearance with the minimum cost of upkeep. Special attention was given to expansion and contrac tion which is ever present in anv building and is caused bv change of temperature. Lead was installed so that it could expand and contract freelv in all directions, vet it is firmly supported on the steeply pitching roof by the continuous cleats at the cross seams. The small flat roof areas were generally installed with flat loose-locked seams in the same way as cornice cover ings. At edges continuous lead cleats were calked into Roofing Lead was extensively used on all the roofs of the U. S. Court House. New York. Smaller roofs are completely covered with lead, while on the larger main roof lead is u~ed for wall flashing. The entire tower roof is finished with sold and blue glazed tile under which is a water proofing of 3 lb. hard sheet lead. The construction of the tower roof is unique. Thin pre-cast concrete slabs were installed on the supporting steel framework. Over these slabs a laxer of 30 lb. felt laid in asphalt was applied. Bronze bars or battens measuring 2 in. wide by 1 3 in. high run up the slope of the roof on approximately 2 ft. 8 in. centers. Running LIA?5402 [3] PHOTOS RY Wms RTtOS, Lead dashing around dormer at base of toner root. The tile root iiseh is cum pietel\ lined with sheet lend. Sheet lead roof lining details, Federal Court House, A7. I7. These details show method of installing loosedocked lead batten roof lining under the tile toner roof so that each lead sheet can expand and contract independently of all others. LIA25A03 [4] reglets and the roof sheets locked to these. The lead roofing on this job was installed by J. J. Fisher Co. Inc. The tower roof is unusual in that lead forms a con cealed waterproofing rather than the finished roof. Lead is, however, excellent for exposed roof areas because it or is exceedingly durable and at the same time presents a most attractive appearance. The soft, gray color of lead is pleasant and harmonious with other buil ding materials and water running off a lead roof does not discolor adja cent paint or masonry. Looking down the tile tower roof which is completely lead lined (opposite page). Lead covered set backs anil dormer shown on page 3 are visible at base of root. Interior Painting Pure white lead paint was specified by the architects for the interior painting of the United States Court House in New York. This is in keeping with the general high qualitv of the building throughout. White lead makes possible the finest decorating work and offers a durable painted surface that can be kept clean by re peated washing without damaging the paint. The contract for painting with pure white lead paint some twenty or more judges' chambers in the beautiful building was performed by J. I. Hass. Inc., of Jersey Citv. Two pictures of this fine job are shown here. An other contract for painting the additional interiors in the building is being executed by Arthur M. Gelden of Chicago. Just as white lead is equally suitable for all kinds of exterior surfaces, it is an unusually versatile paint for interiors. If properly mixed, it mav be used on plaster, wood, metal, cement or other materials and as an enamel undercoater. and it mav be tinted to the exact shade de sired. Repeated washing will not damage it and repaint ing over long periods of years will not destroy its firm adherence to the surface painted. These advantages are in addition to the beautv of decoration done with white lead. The following mixing formulas are recommended for white lead paint on interior plaster: PHOTOS BY WURTS EROS'. Another of the private offices. Pure white lead was used tor the interior decoration. Soft Paste White Lead..................................... PRIMING COAT AB too lb. 1001b. SECOND COAT A!B 100 lb. 1 100 lb. Flat Finish (Brushing i A1 B 100 1b. 1 lOi'lb. THIRD COAT Flat Finish '"Stippling1 A!B 100 lb. 100 1b. Semi Gloss Finish AB 100 lb. 100 lb. ! Boiled Linseed Oil .... ................. 3 gal. I Pure Turpentine................................................ It4 gal. Floor Varnish.................................................. 2 cal. IK gal. 34 gal. 134 gal. i Pt. i 1 gal D pt. 34 gal. 1 K gal. 1 gal. Lead Mixing Oil o; Lead Reducing Oil. . . '4 to 5 gal. 3 to 4 gal. 3 to 4 gal. 2 gal. 2 to 3 gal. Linuid Drier ... u:pt. Dpt. D Pt- to Pt- 1 Gallons of Paint............. ...................... gal. i7 to S gal. 514 gal. ;6 to 7 gal. 5 gal. b to 7 gal. 4H gal. , 5 gal. bli gal. j6 to 7 gal. Approximate Coveraee per Gallon................... 800sq.ft, i 800 sq.ft. 800sq.ft. 800sq.ft. 800 so .ft. 800 sq.ft. 800 sa.ft. i 800 sq.ft. 800 sq.ft. 1800 sq.ft. i- Note: Formula.-: A and B may be used interchangeably depending upon the materials it is desireo to use or* their availability. LIA25404 [5] Priming Coat Paste Red Lead 100 lb. Lampblack Prussian blue Linseed C.l 1% gal- Pure Turpentine 11/2 pt. Drier lbb pt. Gallons of Paint 4-i/i) gal. Approximate Cov erage per gallon 600 sq. ft. Second Coat 100 lb. 34 pt. 1% gal. ll/g pt. UN pt. 4% gal. 600 sq. ft. Third Coat 25 lb. IT'S galJ 2 gal. 2' 4 gal. 3 pt. 3 pt. 6 gal. 700 sq. ft Lead Wastes,Vents, Bends in Pasadena Apartment House WURTS BROS. A view of the new Federal Court House, Hew York City. Cass Gilbert, Inc., architects. Structural Steel Painting All the structural steel for the United States Lourt House. New fork. was given two coats of pure red lead paint. A shop coat was first applied at the plant of the fabricators and after erection, a field coat, tinted with a small amount of lampblack to differentiate the two coats in color, was applied. Tinting each coat a different color facilitates inspection to see that no places are missed. Red lead has long been considered the standard for metal painting, and in competitive tests and actual ser vice it continues to exert its superiority. It is preferred bv railroads, highwav commissions and others who have a large amount of structural steel painting and whose experience in the protection of steel is broad. (LEAD. January and May. 1933. i Bv using pure red lead on the structural steel of the Court House, the McClintic-Marshall Companv. fabrica tors and erectors of the steel work, have provided maxi mum protection tor the steel, in keeping with the qualitv and durahilitv that has been built into this structure. The following mixing formulas are recommended for the application of red lead to .-tructural steel. Pure red lead is also obtainable in ready mixed form and in sev eral colors, such as red. light brown, dark brown and black, for use just as it comes out of the can. NE hundred eight lead wastes and vents and JO O lead bends will be installed in the plumbing sys tem in the new apartment building being erected at 80 South Grand Ave.. Pasadena. Cal., for Mrs. George Rhodes, owner. All joints in this lead pipe are wiped, and stacks are cast-iron with lead-calked joints. Such an installation, which is required bv the Pasa dena plumbing code and is ably installed by Pasadena s plumbers, provides a durable, flexible installation that costs no more than less satisfactory jobs. Tenants are protected from plumbing troubles and unsanitarv condi tions. the owner from expensive and unnecessary re pairs. The photograph shows some of the lead w ork wiped up in the shop for this apartment house job. It was ar ranged bv B. B. Sheffield, business agent of the journevman plumbers' local, through the courtesv of Benedict and Gingrich, plumbing contractors on this job. Clar ence Cameron and Sid Tavlor are the journevmen re- Some of the lead work for the apartment huildina at o(l South Grand Aie.. Pasadena. Cat. LI A?5405 [6] sponsible for this fine lead work. It is obvious that this kind of plumbing is only for the skilled plumber who has spent years learning the trade. No flv-by-night mechanic or handyman could make this installation. As a result, the public is pro tected bv the assurance that plumbing is done by men thoroughly competent to make a sanitary and permanent job. Plumbers, too. benefit in cities where code require ments are like Pasadena's, because the levels of crafts manship and of competition are raised. Lead plumbing has many advantages either in frame or fireproof construction if properly installed. It is flex ible enough to provide for settlement and vibration. Bonded wiped joints can not vibrate loose nor do they offer obstruction to flow or places for solids to lodge and clog the pipe. Bends can be given an easy sweep, joints are fewer, and. of course, the material itself is the most durable of any of the common metals. White Lead Paint Excellent After 14 Years Exposure UKE white lead paint is do Ping its part well to preserve the Home of Huntington Histo and have found it very satisfactorv. In fact, for exterior work, we use white lead on all of our rical Societv. at Huntington. jobs." Long Island. N. \ . Painted last This building illustrates par w ith pure white lead in 1922. the ticularly well several of the ad photograph shows the excellent vantages of white lead paint. condition after 11 vears expo Despite the long interval be sure to the rigorous climate of tween paintings, no cracking or the locality. scaling of the paint has oc The house, of shingle con curred. showing that w hite lead struction. was built in the early is always in excellent condition 1700's and has been in the pos for repainting without the rieces- session of the Huntington His sitv of any expensive prepara torical Societv since 1918. being tion. such as scraping or burning a gift of Mrs. Ella J. Conklin WUBTS BROS. off old paint which leads to an- Hurd, a direct descendant of the original owner. L. E. Berkev Co. of Hunting- I'nretouched detail of the pure white lead paint on the 200 rear old home of the Huntington His torical Society taken I f years alter last painting. ' ' 11ei t -.pense. a new priming coat. Furthermore, the building still presents an attractive ap ton. did the last painting that has been done on the pearance after its long exposure to high and low tem house. Mr. Berkev savs. "This was painted with white peratures. rain. snow, fog and salt air. lead in 1922 and as vou have seen the building you Naturally, a paint that can stand for so long between know that it has stood up verv well. Ae have many repaintings and still not be expensive to repaint keeps other jobs that have been painted with the same material the yearly cost of painting at a minimum. Prominent Architect Uses Lead Signature Plate AT THE request of a thoroughly satisfied client. f \ Electus D. Litchfield. New York architect, signed one of his houses with an interesting lead plate bearing his name and the vear in which the house was built. The architect who is proud of his work is not onlv willing but anxious to sign it. but not everv client has the fine taste to suggest that his architect sign his house. The lead plate used bv Mr. Litchfield is interesting and appropriate to the brick house to w hich it was ap plied. A simple lead plate with the architect's name and the date in attractive lettering was cast in a sand mold which cave it a pleasinslv soft texture. The plate is the size of the exposed face of the brick. On the back, two metal bolts or rods about 2 or 3 in. long are soldered, one at each end extending at right angles to the back of the plate. A brick is omitted in an appropriate place near the ground on the facade of the building and the space thus left is filled with mortar. The rods on the back of the lead plate are forced into this mortar before it sets until the lead is flush with the wall. This makes a permanent signature for the architect because lead will last as long as the building and the inscription will remain legible. Numerous cast lead water pipes datinc from the davs of the Roman Empire [7] Ll WURTS BROS. Cast lead signature plate used by Electus D. Litchfield, prominent Aetc York architect, on a home at Pelham Manor, A\ Y. have been found after burial in the ground for nearly 20 centuries. Inscriptions on these pipes are still legible. Furthermore, the lead plate is attractive in itself and will not stain the materials adjacent to it. The accom panying photograph shows the appearance of one of Mr. Litchfield's name-plates after nine years on a house at Pelham Manor. N. Y. Lead plates have the further advantage of being inexpensive and easy to make. Lead used like this is always restrained and in good taste, making it particularly appropriate for architects' signature plates. It does not blatantly proclaim the de signer but rather gives his name in a dignified manner. However, lead is equally appropriate for a number of other kinds of signs and markings. It is ideal for streel numbers on building entrances because it is attractive, does not cause staining and needs no polishing. It makes beautiful silhouette shingles, (Lead, November, 1934 i. Certain parts of lead signs, the lettering for instance, may be tinned to provide contrast between bright tin and dull lead. That procedure is useful for signs for offices and shops (Lead. September. 1933). Seal of Approval Assures Quality of Lead Plumbing Goods O ASSIST purchasers and specifiers in obtaining Tonly the highest quality lead pipe, traps and bends, the Lead Industries Association has adopted rigid stand ards covering the manufacture of these products. In addition, it is licensing manufacturers to use a "Seal of Approval'' to he stamped on pipe, traps and bends complving with the Association standards. The standards and "Seal of Approval" went into effect January 1, 1937. Purchasers and specifiers are now urged to look for the "Seal of Approval", as reproduced here, on the lead pipe and fittings they buy or specify. By so doing, they will be using the best assurance of obtaining ma terial of proper quality and weight. This action was taken in answer to a request made by resolution of the National Association of Master Plumb ers at the Chicago Convention in 1935 that all manufac turers of lead goods stamp their products with their names, so that plumbers would be protected against in ferior qualitv merchandise. The Lead Industries Asso ciation and its member manufacturers, in a desire to cooperate to the fullest extent, has gone further. Begin ning in January. 1937. lead pipe meeting the Association standards is stamped at least every 12 in. with the manu facturer's name or trade mark and the "Lead Industries' Seal of Approval". Each coil or length of pipe will also Look for this Seal stamped on lead pipe, traps and bends to assure you of high quality material. sfcAi Qr (0) LEADJNDUSTR1ES") be stamped at least once with the symbol for its wall thickness and the inside diameter of the pipe. Lead traps and bends meeting the standards w ill like wise be stamped with the manufacturer's name or trade mark and the "Seal of Approval". The weight per run ning foot and inside diameter will also be stamped on traps and bends. The "Seal of Approval" on the lead pipe or fittings he purchases or specifies, will assure the buyer or speci fier that this merchandise has been made from lead of the required high purity, that reasonable diligence has been used to provide products free from anv manufac turing defects, that the wall thickness is correct within rigid tolerances, and that weight and dimensions of fit tings have been held within strict limitations. Naturally, the cooperation of architects, engineers, plumbers, plumbing inspectors, supply houses and others who buy, sell or specify lead products, will be necessary to make the standards and "Seal of Approval" most effective. UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY. FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE, WITHOUT OBLIGATION, IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS LI A2 5 A 07 [8] PRINTED L S' L'ELJSHEKS PRINT!