Document yp4GbQ5M647anqw7ax6bLQnOd

OloYolond, Ohio pr o duc t wcroar Jiy 30, 19H7 MR. h . w . pel l I) V* ar# ploaood to attwoh tho oonooll4*titd Point A Yarn!oh Pirloion Laboratory raport for Juno, Thio roport rwrlto four oaroful otudjr In ordor to obtain tho moot Yaluo fma tho rotpwtiYo laboratory t o porto. Vo ar# alao looVin^ forward to Including intorooting It wo from othar diYlaiona, Kindly not* iho Hou*o Paint oootlon tAiioh contains an mollont cooperatim report on AuPent and Mov Jerooy 21no Fouoo Paint toott vrltton by hr, H, a, Poyyard and Mr, John P, Parnor no 0 rooult of tholr Ylolt to tho raopootlYO toot fanooa. Y^/lma S. hohulto GLD005163 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM OBSERVATIONS OF KREBS HOUSE PAINT EXPOSURES AND N.J. ZINC HOUSE PAINT EXPOSURES 1. Conservation vehicle formulae are equally durable and in many cases more durhble than prevar high oil content paints. 2. Anatase T102 is the type to use in first quality white house paints for self oleaning and appearance. 3. Rutile Ti02 grades of any type chalk less than anatase, have a yellower color, hut are more durable. They are indicated for tint bases, primers, and high hiding one-coat paints. 4. Lithopono paints of excellent durability and appearance can be supplied if TiOg is lacking. These paints, however, are poor for non-staining character istics. /V1 , Fume-proof lond-froo paints of economical prioo having durability equal to regular house paints can bo supplied if load becomes increasingly scarce and high priced, Phoso paints, however, will demand slightly more Ti(>2 than the normal paints. 6. Soyabean oil can bo incorporated in tho non-volatile vehicle of a paint to the extent of 25$ without detracting from its durability. Slightly higher zinc load ratios should bo maintained in these paints to prevent mildew. 7. #3?5 Mesh Water Ground Mioa used in quantities such as 5 - 10$ of the pigment markedly improve tho lifo of a paint film. Higher percentages detract from application properties due to oil absorption. 8. Calcium carbonate of tho York Whiting typo may safely bs used in first quality tint bases. Paints of low coat and good durability can bo formulated in this way. Other whitings can be incorporated when non-chalking Ti02 is used or when usod in oonjunotion with #325 Mica no a fortifying agent. 9. Ono coat houso paints of gocld durability and vory high hiding can bo mado ovor formulae given in this roport. Thoy show oxoollont possibilities in repaint work. 10. Any proporly formulated first quality ready-mixed houso paint is far superior to lend in oil or roady-mixod puro lead paints for durability and appearance. 11. Alkyd additivos tend to docreaso tho lifo of an oil typo houso paint. 12. Alkyd porch and dock paints exhibit tho host weathering tendencies, being markedly superior to phonollco or long oil spar typos. 13. Mildew tendencies in conservation paints are less than in orthodox vehicle paint3. However, tho zinc-lead pigments should he maintained at approximately 50$ of the total pigmentation in order to obtain good mildew resistant qualities. 14. Paints using bodiod oils as tho solo non-volatile vehiclo constituent can be formulated that havo excollont durability and a smooth surface relatively free of brush marks. Ono coat paints should bo formulated along these lines in order to insuro tho application of a continuous film. H.O, Hayward John P. Horner GLD005164 N 2271.01 REPORT ON EXAMINATION OF HOUSE PAINT EXPOSURES AT WIIHINGTON, DEL. KREBS TEST FENCES Points of Both orthodox vehiolo and oil conservation vohiclo combination wore ob3orvod after ono yoar, two yoaro, and four yoars' exposure, "both north and eouth in a vortici.1 position. Paints wore applied to white pino house siding at the rnto of 500 sq.ft./gal. on tho first coat and 650 sq.ft./gal. for tho second and third coat. Throe coats voro used except vhoro otherwise noted. Typos of pigmenta tion comparod aro ns follows 21.. 45/40/l5 - Lithopono, 35$ loaded zinc, Mg.Sil. 60/30/10 - Zinc Sulfide, 35$ Loaded Zinc, Mg.Sil. 3. Dutch Boy Load in Oil 4. Dutch Boy Roady-Mixod 56.. 60/30/10 - BOWL, ZnO, MgSil. IO/22-I/2/45/22-I/2 - FFTi02/ MgSil./35$ Pfen/ BCWL 76.. F-200 for FFT102 in 6. Y-CR for FFTi02 in 6. .9- R-110 for FFT102 in 6. 10 11. R-25 (1) for FFT102 in 6. - C0SO4 off tho MgSil. R-25 (2) " " "6. " "" 12. Somo as 6 - No Mg.Sil. - Add C&CO3 (York) to 40$ P.V. 13. 11/45/44 - FFIi02/ 35$ PbZn/ MgSil./ 14. 50/50 - TiSil/ 35$ PbZn 15. F-200 for FF in 14. 16. YC-R for FF in 14. 17. $-110 " 14. 18. R-25 (1) for FF in 14. CaSCK off the Mg.Sil. 19. (2) u M 11 11 ** H " 11 20. RCHT for FF in 14. CCSO4 off the Mg.Sil. 21. II 1? It If fl 22. R-6o 11 M ,f ,r *' It If n 11 H 11 23. Snmo as 14. Mg.Sil roplaood with York Cj,C03 to 40$ P.Y. 24. 16/36/46 FFTiOg/Aoiculnr ZnO/MgSil./ Note - 1-24 inclusive contain orthodox vohiclo and approximately 28.5$ P.V. oxoopt whoro notod. 44. Same pigment as 6. - Connorvation Voh.* 35$ P.V. 45. F-200 for FF in 44. 46. YCR for FF in 44. 47. R-110 for FF in 44. 48. Some pigment ns 14. Conservation Voh.*. 35$ P.V, 49. F-200 for FF in 48. 50. YCR for FF in 48. 51. R-110 for FF in 48. *Cono.Voh. - 1/3 alkali ref. linseed, 1/3 "X" Body Linseed, l/3 Thinner & Drier. Observations - 1 yoar - All in good condition with oxcoption of high load paints which aro oxtromoly dirty, Thooo have worst appearance of sorios - paints 3>4,5 Paints 1 and 2 aro considerably bottor than tho load paints, aro chalking modoratoly, have good appoaranco. Points 6 to 11 incluoivo are showing decreasing chalking and cloaning tondonoios ao TiOg is changod from chalking to non-chalking typo. Tho rutilos aro noticoably yollowor than tho anataso grados. Tho TiCalRutilos aro poorest for oolf-cloaning. At this point paints 13 to 22 incl. are following tho tendoncy notod in tho 6 to 11 series. Paint 24 - load free typo - io GLD005165 showing n slight amount of mildew "but is otherwise very good. Paints 44 to 47 incl. an*. 48 to 51 incl. using conservation vohiclo aro showing slightly more chalking tordencios than orthodox vohiclo paints but aro in excellent condition with ohnlklng rloc.r^ ;-3ing as the Ti02 is changed to wore non-chalking typeB. Those toots roaffirm the g.xa'-er non-ohalking qualities in the rutile grades as compared to anataso and also Mjir yellower color. Even aftor 1 year oxposuro this difference is quite noticeable botwoon FF Anataso and F-200 Rutile (most froely chalking typo Rutile) For this reason the Krobs aro rocommer.ding anataco in whito house paint for best nppoaranco. Oboorvation - 2 years - At this point the straight load paints, #3 & #4, voro showing chocking. Paints containing anataoe TiC>2 (FF) were best for nppoarance and solf cleaning, #1 Lithopono Paint was also good. Color and dirt rotontion on the Rutile Ti02 wao again poorer and a tendency toward mildow was noted as rate of chalking decreased. The lead free paints woro in oxoollent condition but were showing mildow on northom oxposuro. The paints containing calcium carbonate wore still in good condition. Conservation vohiclo paints woro affected as to rate of chalk by" tho typo of Ti02 usod in the samo way that tho orthodox vehicle paints wore nffoctod. No approciablo difforonco in comparable paints using the two different vohicles could bo noted at this time other than less tendoncy to mildow wit]' ;i'o conservation vehicle paints. Cenervations - 4 years - Tho straight load paints woro very badly chocked in this time. Tho jfe paint (60/30/10) wao showing cracking. Tho lithopono paint was Btill good, showing a chalking typo voathoring, $2 paint (Zinc Sulfido typo) was chalk ing modoratoly but was also good. Paint $6 was in excellent codlition showing moderate chalking on both north and couth exposures. Tho R-200, YCR, and R-110 MgBil paints woro O.K. on south oxposuro but woro showing moderate dirt collection on the northom exposure. Tho TiCal and R-200 CaCO^ paints woro equal on southern oxposuro to tho R-200 MgSil paints but woro showing mild mildow growth on tho north as well a.3 modorato dirt collection. Thoso observations hold whothor the pigmenta tions woro of #6, #13, or #14 typos using orthodox vohiclo. The conservation typo formulao in this sorioo are tho oldost ones on toot at Wilmington. Thoy contain as vehiolo 1/3 alkali rof. linoood, 1/3 Z-4 body linseod, and 1/3 thinnor and drior. Pigmentations aro the sane as thooo in paints 6-9 incl. and 14 - 17 inol. Thoso paints aro all good but are shoving typical dirt rotontion with tho use of non-chalking TiOo specially on northern exposure. It was noted that tho pigmentation of tho #6 typo (high load) shows somewhat loos tondoncy to mildow than does tho #l4 typo pigmentation. The $-110 panels shoved thio point particularly voll. 7 Yr. Exposuro Observations: Wo obsorvod tho fov panels romaining of a oories exposed for seven years. Those wore tho 3-coat coif primo system used throughout all the toots we observed. #6 paint was orodod to tho wood shoving slight cracking. With anataso replaced by on oarly rutile pigmont. the film was still in good condition but had tho typical yollow color. In yl4 paint using tho above Ti02 changes, tho same observa tions held but thoso two paints appoarod to woathor slightly better than thoso using tho #6 pignontation. Thooo toots again show that rutilo pigments inprovo durability at a oacrifico in appoaranco. GLD005166 Commercial Tvo-0oat Systems: Soveral 2-ooat house pint systems such as Devos, Dutoh Boy Beady Mix, and a Titanium Pigment recommendation vero oompared to the #14 paint (50-50 TiSil - 35$ Ft 7r`j) - 2 coats - after 4 years exposure. Generally these showed that 2 coats of an./ paint aro not as good as 3 coats. The 50-50 vas shoving a tendenoy to line era'king, the Dutch Boy vas checking badly, while the Devoo was similar to the 5O-50. The competitive panels used as primers for the 5O-5O in 2 coat systems showed no groat advantage. When the 5O-5O paint (#14) vas applied over primers of 40, 35, & 28.5 P.V. using 12-1/2/ 45/42-1/2 R-610/ 3556 FVZnO/ MgSil. and varying tho oil body in.a conservation vohidlo, the paint film life was increased although there wa3 no groat difference in the appearance of the 50-50 paint over the various ,P.Y. primers. The 50-50 paint erodes leaving the non chalking primer remaining which is quite durable. For 2 ooat systems, this practice is recommended. One Coat House Paints: A series of those paints wore ebsorved after 2-l/2 years' exposure. The pig mentation vas 25/50/25 of FF, 35$ PbZrO, MgSil. This was used in both the orthodox vehicle and a oonsorvation vehicle in P.V's of 25,25, & 28.5 with a 35$ P.V. being inoludod in the conservation type. When appliod at 450 sq.ft,/gal., the paints wore in good shape after 2-l/2 yoars but wore chalking considerably. Chalking increase1, and durability docroaoed with the rise in P.V. When the conservation paints v/ro appliod a 200 ftsq. /gal. on now wood, one coat, the 35$ P.V. lookod very gcou but tondod to flash in drying. A life of 3 years seemed to bo the durability that might be oxpoctod from this typo paint. It would make an excellent one coat repaint product. Two paints using the conservation vehiclo containing 2-l/2 M OKD as the only oil and pigmontod with 25 FF/50 of 35$ R)2n0) 25 York Whiting to 20 P.V. and 40 P.V. showed good apeoaranco. Tho 40 P.V. had a tendency to sag but was otherwise good. Tho 40 P.V. also had 10$ 325 W.G. Mica replacing tho Mg.Sil. Tho abovo tosts offer a good ground work for any ono coat house paints wo might wish to dovolop, Howovor, wo fool that thoy would bo difficult to apply at tho ratos rocommondod for application to now wood and boliovo their largest use would be in repaint work and therefore rocommond testing in this manner. Inert Study Panels oxposod for 5 years have woathorod so completely that only a fow panels remain which show any film protection. Tho pigmentation was based on 15/50/35 FF; 35$ PbZn, CaCo^ in a prewar vohiolo. Following pigments voro good of tho 35 tostod, which included ropresentativo samples of each typo inert. 1. Dry ground York Whiting 2. Mg. Sil. 3. Motronito 4. Colito 110 5. Dicallto L. 6. Eastern Magnosia Talo 7. Pyro phyllito For this typo vohicle and pigmontation, the above inerts voro found bost. Howovor in other typo vehicloa and pigmentations, some of the othor inerts might be sufficiently good to do a particular Job. This was proven in the same toot series ns that run above vhon tho FF Anataoo TiOg was replaced by R-510 Butilo TiOg. In the same length of time tho only pigments to fail wore Multifex and two special CaCO^ containing high amounts of froo lime. GLD005167 Tint Bono Study. In tosto run over a period of throe years using tints of gray and buff in both prewar and conservation vohicles, it has boon found lhat R-610 is tho best typo of TiOp to uoo and that York Whiting roplacing tho M$3il. on a volume basis improves tint rotontion considerably. Tho replacement of loaded zinc vitb aoioulor zinc oxide can bo made and will maintain good color with no load. An R-6l0, Aoioular Zino, and York Whiting formula provod an oxoollent tint base and could bo used if load becomes too high in price. Tho above observations hold with a 28.5 P.V. prewar vohiolo paint or a 35 P.V. conservation vehiolo paint. A P.V, as high as 40$ may bo used using York Whiting as inert in the prewar vehiclo or as high as 50$ in the conservation vohiclo and still produce an excellent low cost tint base. C&S04 roplacing York Whiting in the same serios was not quite as good nor quite as low in coot, Thoso paints woro superior in tint rotention to load titanato type tint baoos and are considerably more economical. Soya Boon Oil in House Paints. Tho most comploto sorios of soya containing paintB have boon placed on xposuro in tho paot fow months and it is too early to make any observations. Ono paint using tho Dopt. of Agriculture Soya as tho solo vohiolo in tho 50*50 pigmentation showed vory poor dry and bad dirt collection. From sovoral othor toets observed in which troatod soyas were usod, it was notod that it was necessary to koop approximately 50$ of tho pigment as 35$ PvZnO in ordor to combat mildew tondoncioB. It ic recommended that wo institute a oorioa of toots on soya oil paints as soon as possible bocause outside information is rather moagor. This study should includo VR-46100 and paint oils mado from oombinationa of soya and wood oil. Staining of Houso Paints An oxtonsive sorioo of toots are boing conducted on staining at Wilmington at prooont but conolusivo rosults hnvo not yet boon roachod. At present it is folt that ZnO induces staining. Low staining paints havo boon produced using solvent extracted linseed oil. Tho offoct of alkyda and othor additivoo to paint to prevent this is boing otudiod. Staining is boing studied by the uso of both copper and iron ooroono attachod to tho paint tests. Porch and Dock Paints:An oxtonsivo sorioo of conmorcial and oxporimontal porch and dock piints woro observod. Thoso using an alkyd vohiclo woro outstanding ovon after 4 yoars at 45 South. Non chalking rutilo TiC>2 R-6l0 along with different inorts in on alkyd vohiclo (GE 2475) woro far bottor than a 25 gal. phenolic vohiclo, BR-254, Linsood, C.W.O. W fool that any futuro toots of our own should includo vohiolos of this typo as well as mixtures of tho two bocause of tho faot wo Supply ono product for interior and oxtorior uso. House Inspection:Wo inopoctud tho Wanner, tho Dupont house, tho Ball houso, and tho McKinley houno. Tost paints applied to those houooo wore weathering in tho same way as tho some paints on tho tost fences. It wan notablo on tho Wanner houso whoso test panols of tho 64.7 P.V, York Whiting paint havo boon exposed for approximately 3 years, that this paint was showing some signs of failuro by oracking, although they woro not ooriouo. On tho DuPont houso aftor 20 months',exposure, tho UO$ P.V. GLD005168 17-1/2 44 30J FF/ Acicular ZnO/CnCO^ / paint using 2-l/2 MDKD conservation vehicle was outstanding for appearanoe at this point. This same paint was in excellent condition on the McKinley house after 2-l/2 years. The Ball house demonstrated that tho 50-50 (#14 paint on page l) was excellent for repaint use over "both itself and other paints, no matter if checking failure was present. REPORT ON EXAMINATION OF B3USE PAINT EXPOSURES AT PAIMERTON, PA. N.J. KING CO. TEST FENCES Paints at Palmorton were applied 2 coats over now pine wood and 2 ooats over well weethorod and chcckod vhito load. They wore not applied at a given spreading rate hut were coated with norr.rll amounts of paint. Two basic formulae wore usod:- 1. 15/47/13/25 - F-200/35$ PhZrtD/BCWL/MgSil. 2. 15/47/38 - F-200/35$PbZnO i 1 Those paints wore all approximately 33$ P.V. and tho N.Y. vehicle consisted of 3 pts. cJ.lmli rofined linseed and 1 pt. Z-5 linseed. A conservation vohiole was used unions noted. Following observations wore made: 1. Typo of ZnO whether acicular or nodular had no appreciable effect. 2. Tho roplacement of 5$, 10$, & 15$ of MgSil with 325 MeshW.G. Mioa markedly improved tho film. Dirt retention was not noticeablo in those films. 3. T'o use Anataso TiC>2 for tho F-200 rutile increases ohalking, improves color, but reduces film life. 4. Tho P.V. could ho roducod to 20$ without undue mildow or dirt retention but could not be increased to 38$ without producing craoking failure. 5. Prewar vehicle with above pigmentation at 29 P.V. was not as good as the conservation vohiole using some pigmentation at 33$ P.V. 6. Tho use of R-510 for R-200 improves durability but sacrifices oolor and cleanliness. 7. A series of paints pigmented in such a way aa to have a range of PbZnO contents from 23$ to 70$ showed that below 35$ mildew increased while above 55-60$ cracking increased. 8. Tho inclusion of 10$ nica in the inert controls craoking in high PbZnO content paints. Fume-proof Series: From a sories of tests run ovor a 4-yoar poriod, the preferred formula is 15/40/35/10 - TiOp/ Zno/ MgSil/Mica. This was true in both conservation and orthodox vehiolos. Lithopono Paints:A number of panols were observed showing various lithopone paints whioh had woathorod from 2 to 4 years. A paint of approximately 35$ P.V. in a conservation vehicle of 50/35/15 - Lithopono, 35$ PbZno, Mica - looked very good after four years' exposure on 2 coats. This formula should ho excellent for 2nd grade paints. G\_q 005 Vehicle Study: A sot of panels exposed for 3 years vao observed using tho following pigaonta- tion variations and tho annotated oils as replacement for tho Z-5 linseed in the conservation vohiolo consisting 3 pts. alkali refined linseed and one pt, 2-5 linooed at 67$ N.V. Each oil was used with tho seven basic pignentations given here! A I5/13A7/15/1O - B-200 Ti02/BCWL/35$ PbZno/MgSil/325 WGMica B 15/31/44/10 - B-200 T102/ 35$ PbZnoA^gSil/325 WGMioa C - 15/47/28/10 - Same pig. as B. D 15/55/20/10 " " "" E.- 15/62a/12^/10 " " " " F 15/47/38 - B-200 TiOp/ 35$ PWno/MgSil G 50/35/15 - Lithopono/35$ PbZnO/325 VG Mica Oils 1 - Z-5 Linoeod 2 - Dehydrated Castor 3 - Conjulin 4 - Conjuooy 5 - Q Kollin - held thinner for body 6 - Z-5 Kellin 7 - ADM Varnex - held-thinner for body. 8 - Zj 5 Vamex 9 - Atlas Oil - Sorbitol Ester - K Body - hold thinner for body 10 - A^-las Oil - i-5 body 11 - 710 Oil National Load - Blown & Maloio linBeod 12 - $1240 Aroplaz Alkyd lengthened to 200 gal. vith alkali refined linseed for all of N.V. in vohiolo. 13 - #869 Bozyl uood same as 12. 14 - Heat blond of $669 Bozyland oil, 15 - Carbic - linseed - 150 gal. long. 16 - Carbic - Soya - 150 gal. long Those two oont systems wore all in good condition showing moderate chalking typo failure with no cracking oxoopt failures noted below: - Lithopono paints in all cases were erodod considerably noro than tho others and needed ropainting. Only cracking failure was in $15 oil (Carbic-Linseed) using lithopono pigmentation. Tho #l6 oil (Carbic -Soya) was 0.K, - Tho alkyd typo paints (12,13,14 vohiclo) wore showing slightly more orosion than tho straight oil products indicating they add no life to tho paint film. - Tho Atlas-Sorbitol Estor oil was not quite as good as linseed, especially in the low viscosity grado. It was weathering much liko the alkyd paints. Tho above teats indioato in conclusion that any of tho common drying oils as well as soya can bo used for 25$ of tho N.V. vehicle in conservation formulae to produce a film that will give good four year protootion in two ooats of paint and will allow a wide latitude of pigmentations as noted above. Singlo Pignont Study:- A nufaber of exposures shoving single pigments ground into conservation vehicle wore obsorvod. Pigment was added until correct bpdy was reached. Two coats were applied and tint tests in gray and buff wore also run. Toots 1 year old, 2 years9 mos, old. and 4 years.3-mox. old wore noted with the following results:- (See attached chart) GLD005170 f ww o Ic a CTN ct p- H 4- OM Hw- , HH H- te{ M a r*(0 & ct CD W CD 3 Hct MW 4 05 HCf* Hfht* TJ 05SO P O Hp ct CD 01 P* OP M CD O ct td P CD o CD Pj ct H* @ < O 0) P- 4 I-* tV 4 <D ct P CO S* P* H H* H HO ct d r- P H* ct <K H* _ (-* t) o* t a 4 si <1 =S P H* C+ if H* rt CD *4 CO ^4 (D ct CD *4 ao pa p<j w p pP Q 0C5D -1 O P CD P J CD CO -4 *4 f? a ct o CpD CO M IM Pi ct P (D H ct vs <J O P CO e> !"* o > H- o Ci ct P TJ >F0 H O O \) o cPMr [rp5oi C M CD "JCD o V\ *nJ M N P O CO CO t $ Pi Cb H H* H* H* ct ct H H *< (D c+ c+ w 0) O OH P H- <D CD *8- c+ tJ Pt TJ w o H- M- pp S' <x> p O'] < ct < TK>hJ Pi (T) H* CD 4 ct 4 0? 03 *<i p 4 o (P w X TJ OO P CO O 0) C PH CD tv (D ? 2CD u & d {V ct H o CD I o 8 o o 4 2 o 4 H- Mct M pi O 3s ct 8 c+ t 5! o s> s? 03 a) M K o pi CD >r 03 W CD ct l Vn Oi M1 O Q O Vo o 4 > o 01 ct o p* w H tr <D pi W r CD << s*o o a4 CtOj H* HI poo"d 0HH)* <i o oHnoj Sopi5 HCthJ+*] O P w v1 CO CO (V P* H* > H* f? H H* <* HPV ct o Pi ct o M- U> > (0 TJ VJ tJ o> u *d CD ro H* H* CD O CD p' CD (D *4 O1 tv O tr p* P 05 (JO ct O p(D O tv P (ft H ct O 05 O IV 03 o HH H ct Ct O P << tr P CD o O n> 3V CO CD H 01 1 H (D tv (D Pi i) a o CO p w M r < O Cu CO CD CO H 0) H* ct H* *8ct ct P 9 vO o P CD rl 0 p ct rr 01 hj o CDJ o H* O O ? a TJ c VPJ H3 H- O H' 1 ti H pi H H ct o H 0) s0r H* P H- C+ O tv HP > o TJ MO PP' TJ P Pi O 05 CO ?v H cn O1 0P5 *< <n 1 <& O 3 0* H* H O <0 Q P H rt 0) s?$ Hi o o ct 8Q 0) iv <D ct Pi G HPnoT. 9 so tCP?D- 09HrCP1VDi oo pp o 05 I? 5? Pio CD Pi VJ o a co H M* i^oo (Mi twr op <4 9 P 1 V>4 5? `g- CPDi ct H* P <4 H IV P o CO p fB V* >tl >>= >5 f & S 3 3 CD CD *< > ID <n g5 p OO H ct S' P O H* ct P ct ct ct C0D1 C0D1 <D 0) ct ct ct GL 0005 1 71 w V>4 t"* w w o td O Wo 3 Jo* 83 02 M. ro Vn P P Pi in HP H+- B" C 03 c+ M H- H 1 rr *** ro p OM H* c+ P oco M O H tV H c+ o p*t d fc1 ( O H- O SMH VVnJP Q c+ U) g p Od PP w o 1W C3' vn 0) H 9 H* ocUft* 1 P o sW > NO dH m o w p c+ H* H j BM 0<J P fcS o s?w s01 ct c+ o CO 5K** H 0> H* oH 3 001 C+ P ct- Pi d- P P * < H Htd* d C+* H O S co tti9 g* g5 t5 teS o (0 'cJ P 03o o P 01 P 0l H P to ^9 O p 9 o <1 ct- *1 to << o P <t> d ct- c+ rt- (0 H- w *3 b ct d> 0) Sch O 'd oo Ho B O Qj g5 s? OQ d- cCOt a 525 O. o o t-3 >3 9 P <1 li 01 03 c+ Ct tt- tr M H ct O P IT P O K 5 CO dh*. t-^ c+ o PP P o ?r Oo o Pi -3 P P S'd d Oo 1 o H OO pp 01 co <+ ct 9 P 01 ct O P* K^C/1 p P pdmM (0 Bo* ct > H* 'rdJ <+ (0 << 0> d m d o (0 p g5 dO* Pd d (0 d o to 5 *-3 0) H- aS' a C+ `d CD ro cu d9 d 0) P c+ D <<* od co co I O "-o o tr 9 p MO o c+ d CO -3 H- m3 o c+ o pi W 3 03 6r o. oM 4M 03 oa 0033 <J *o <n 03 o g Kj h- MM CL |~> *0 Q SP a Ma. 4 tfM CL B CL CPO (6 .* O D. nct- g1 0) P* o H* d dO c+ o p P m o > `d p P d^ p3 ^ OP PP *1 W Io B 4 2 tJ QOa > o. M* 3 C+ B H* ad CO oH O M* !2{ *- * <4 a2 o 0 oO Pi t3 9 H p P pP 0) ct co Ct 0) 03 ct ct a c> t* 9 s 9 P 0) o 3 0) ct d CO . co o. dH* ct c+ H O 52P o d c+ p -3 co 0a Chct CD 01 ct GL noosi7? T *** ro --i Vn Vji H vO OO Vj J p ro O vn M&* o D *tfctd VM Q ro ^ vj i p wO o hd CO H- H* P (P3 bM P CD c+ pct> 0 O tr 0> w c+ CD H CD 3 Co w c+ d* Oto c p (D 3 3c+ > >d CD ro 05 P P CD P te! o CD toi Oo i-3 t-3 1 (D CD O vO aU> Co tr <+ C+ P gc+ to HPc** p <* << X? HP CD 01 C+ W pto to CD i CD a* v j H P c+ pM- V3 W po <j> P w ct CD s p* Q> CO H* p , c CO W CD CD CD p- Oi X M- *o o CO M oto (D CD Q s <i V > *c H-W O *d <+ 0 CD O Q> <D ** 1 o> P P* P CD H 05 CD C+ P P CD O 05 CD | CO O 9 u H H- p- VJ y-> M* '& 3 o t+ P c+ c+ P* co MP CL DC05171 1 Year ance C It io concluded that the Kino oxide pigments, particularly 4no oxide itself, are oxcollent for tint retention boing superior to the rutile Ti02 pigments or lead when used alone. Thoy retain a olean full tint, do not chalk or mildew, hut collect considerable dirt and fail by crooking. The titanium pigments fail by oroaion in the ordor of their chalk resistance, starting with anataoo chalking faatoot to K-610 chalking least. Tints of the chalking grades ore very poor while tints of the non-chalking grades axo good, but 60 not retain a clean bright color. il325 Wator Ground Mica io oxcollent as an inert in paint films. It lends strength to a film and weathers very well by itself, being superior to M0311, Baiyrteo, or Gypoun. One Coat Houco Paints Panels exposed for two years using tho following fomulao wero observed. They wore generally very good paints showing moderate chalking, typical rutile color, and no chocking or craoking, Tho alkyd paints wore slightly poorer than the oil paints in that they are oroding slightly more. 3r R-200 TiOo 20 20 20 20 20 35$ PbZ-nO 47 47 47 47 47 B.C.W.L. MgSil 0 23 0 33 13 10 0 23 0 23 #325 Mica 10 0 10 10 10 Vehicle Conservation Linseed II H If II Atlas Sorbitol Ester 200 gal.1240 Aroplaz Toot had not progressed far enough to note ultimate durability but it appoaro thnt tho mica will bo advantageous. GLD005174