Document ymxe8QDVDdgb1O5E4rqjZX12d

. --- AR R26 _ 1437 ii l a ' 8: oe TEboocen \ | ia ' || 1 - LTy- Co 3 pads Perfluoroalkylated substances --- ee Aquaticenvironmental assessment Report RIKZ/2002.043 ry Nome Z 22 oS 23 Z Ez BES 3 . ~ g NG A, Wtf "Ne FS ~ i 7 . \\he E fo 5 T Pa ry . a . AE - J 2. y Nl ETE ) @p = Re L"A7 a 2 Na Gi EAN EN eaEl Sa E (55 2 Li i SINE SE Fes Ny aEredi 000337 CONTAIN NO CERN 2 AE ~== NiofTanssor, PucWor 0 ogi. NS Directorateo-fPGueblniecWrorakls and Water Managelegnt . fi 8 Ey oi [R---- * S-- DS irectoraatm -Generaal Rijkswaterstaat Perfluoroalkylated substances Aquatic environmental assessment Cort Rz203 I J -- Uhey---- wiMva:a sa esrtcosn Ea nm otSiatye? a Tyee a Chiy Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 000338 2 000339 Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 2 V- | Contents | Contents a preface 5 Summary , i1 a Biarcokdgurcotunodn 12 Obectves " 1" i 1T3a TeRrefmeirneonlceosgy B2n Tmt tra---- |!| 221 32 PPihdryeysnsitcccaaalccthhoaenmmiiccaalcphraorpaecrtteiriessation 51s 18 23 References 2 |! 3312 pinrtordoudcutcitoinon 33 Use and emisions 22 2 333312 PCaaprepretanpdrobteocwtidopnrIonttercotdiuocntion 333 Texte protecion 22 26 i| 333354 FLueeaftihgehrtpirnogtefcoiaomns 336 Speciaty surtactants =z 0 1 || 333333785 347 OpPrtoohldeyumrcesntoiosunasrtieitosnesaid Summoafrusye figures and emissions 5330 3 |1 3356 ORvefeerrveinecwesof commercial names. n32 | 441 iBenhvaovidouucritnotn he aquatic vironment 42 Soubityand voltisaton 777 i | 44331 SOcotpntaolnwater partitioning 432 Sorption 338 3 ; 44241 Tmatomdsuocmiaotnon i 442 EChproducs 39 " ii 444443 TFeuoomremraperdodourcgatnsic polymers 45" Boconcentation a@ a ;i i 4467 DCoinscbluustioonns and recommendations 48 References 55 " t i_ 000340 Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 3 53513 AOimnacyvhoacitmnseectmhineueecnsvi(eosnismennotn Gis Kenn, 2002 o-l 533333133 GQcelunaearcaaoremomsmaentsnods s-- 3333a5 mwemro -5 3533436 MaHFnrrneienotmeensvmrsonmoannmsent 555 33355512 sTtooeuwNoethrtands segum 555 3557653 GaMoummomcceuxmpoennrcee 55 5585 Cereoncens dandurecsommoendartiosns @a 61E11 TMMooeubcaohylaimmoftoscty e&& 25"21 32 ToTGuoeuentfyeetocrtesnmtwhaetaequaotricgeannvseonment &&" 552234 STumomauy cof retehfesmiuwneteanectntvsierdoairntamennt %7 6633"1 32 DSetiamaonddtuuocttsniaonmnedtdhoedat of MPC asd on Groshart eto,200) 7771 66G44313 CopHmopmeaarnntioaoinnrvohyfuumMaPnrCss to envionmentalconcentrations nnn GG6544723 ACChavsoontcnumoautadayntdyurecsommoendnatisons 777 66 Reena 7 777:14a rNaNoelttlmoytaamnnddrsgoovnermmeenntpaotwiaarseness ooonrt 772:"12 iOtvanr ceountmrpyoasteecsifaocwaprnoelneess!sgovernmeawnartenaelss &@ 777533713 ooRwiaedrosfmousrty aa 777333123 TemAoeomnEedrrefesesesaeeahcphroPgrroagmam a & 74 References. s stot Ames = Perfluoroalkylated substance--s Aquatic environmental assessment 4 000341  5i "i5 PA50 F50Y 55 25 55 @ & &oa &H a on wno 71 77 77 77% %77s "& aa aa aa aa F=H os Preface CIEnhcoeJnmaynisustaterymy (2DAy0Tn2Ca,m)itwchasesU(ncBioEvDne)tr,asicDttyeepodafrbAtymmtsehtneetrRdoIfaKmE1,viirncsaorinytmeeofnotuadBnetodskdTisoeuyscoaafndn Eppmeiesrrsuuicoornrootauolkymyaatmeeddissuubsbswtsaatsnsactenesic.aeinsTnoditeshnfefune,cyyosndmencit1d,.t trhoemwhprodluchaiconoafnd hTheepRrZoj.ecTthweasaucthoorosorftdhibrnyepAoartMtaerCdFM.Pienetneburrgnadnd RdWe.V2oMog.tLane om MMTteh.:eKCaouoetmnhioprnrsgaswnaidsnhdMoeM.irt.MhaVasnaktnM(Wrl.eoyAf(ugiDu,usPtMoirnn.tPCi,oeMxird.nerdSeenM,re.eMrS.(rSReZen.jeamMr0i.n,,BMosno,ri.HnoStfmoiacrn., UMSSErEGPASAe))v,,ieMMkrso.wF(oHBuoallyozene)b,(oCsliarar.inadGnrtM,rr.iMzrS.einGmOeRaArkNd,,(HSoeerhe.inpshbeelsrAgiaepngo(ratV,TsAM,.irMrG.erHosonoemnsasanandss AMRumysstteerWradDtausmto)cn,hMR(GoraynaMgliesAstr)or,Fioigro.ce()J,eoMnnrk.e,rS,ciMhor.s.KmKaeakpswaVonrEdmBiiOn.Nk,W(aMcert.reraSoenons,geUWoi. avoetof rand. SCpDeeocWiolatfnhdaDMnuikpss.ognVotac,nuMtdret.oVCAiaeiPrl (E(CMaU,nrandBiuaecnko,EfrnMArssonnwKmtoaernryzt,eailMorwM.soidS,eilMnirgn.g(RuCCraiomatpaeynsdtMerDe OKoauvndenrmasanna(nMNdiTcMhrEi.g,aKnaTRSmSap,theMurtU.nhViuavne)rk,sainM,en.M(rA.GruMm.boakrr(oUnnwmerestnytSoCcaensoaidnas.Me Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment 5 000342 -------------------------------------- i | --_-- Pertluoroalkylated substances - Aquatic evronmentaassessment 6 000343 Summary GPeernfeuroarcalated substances (FFAS) i th collective name foar group of fpuroordiuncattieodn crhoeumtiecsafiosr,PnEcAlSu:diEnlgecotlroocmheemriscaalnfduoporlnyamteirosn. nThdereeamatesritawtoimoanjorThe pgPrrrooodduuupcct(tsst.eflToohmmeetrph.reoPdfuOrscSttFspr(foCrcofem,ssStOhce,oFns)etca1oiantndhefpmrooodsuntcmtipgoornrotupparno(tchepesrsocdcounactltaiieondnatnCeeFrtmheydleinaete fpoforrroedtlueeclctotimroeonrchpperrmooidcucecastlsielosun.orihTnahatetmoEonC.sFt5y:ii2meplFodrTetvaOnetn(Cfa.neFdr,e.oCnd1cHe,n0ubHme)btewreetehdne,tpbhreoawntcohseudbasntdance hStaranisght perfuoroakyl chains, whereas telomersation oly ied even near mBootnhomEeCFr-ipcrohdoumcats-paandymeeormce.rcso-hpaavyemfeourrcmaanjdopohorssphaofteapepeesar.ancCeo,ponlaymmeelrys. tbUhanestemdtahjoeonr3apc4rroycdlauotcmeepsraoonrfymPedEteAhcSai.cdreOidttahtoeersp,hiamapseoertothuaetntmhosesiutr cFpoApmSmlopfirnPoeEdfAuosSrcmiCoohnfemanipespteyathraearynecweire DuPont, Asahiges, Clariant, Dakin and Choa. SFpourrbosdttuhacentcipeorsnesaienenttuessrtemudedydni1ac5toaepmsemreiurmcpcoraroltsapinrytoiddsuetcgdtrsasdumabotsintooanmnrceerossdhufacvoe,pobPleyFemnSersshel,aevcmtepedso.preTachnestse PShtyasiiicyal, alnodwcshuermfaiccealenperropgeyr,tiheysd,roipnhcolubdiicnigtychaenmdiclaelompehrabniecsy,.hiTghhesheeprrnopaerties cSmaplrepceeita,FltFyeAsxSutrevf,aalceutaaanbttihseercoanmdpopaupnedrfaonrdabwoirdde vprroettecytioofn,apfpel-chagthotnisn.gnfcouamdsn,gand SSaeomvuiersrciaeolsnaapdnldcteaumiiowsneessaiormnasofylPeEsASttoemsitsesditoinsseof(PpFeASt,,Tehexmeostlamtpheerrt.aTnhteissethe enomtiskinoonwsna.reThpeoluysmeeroifcfsirueb-sftiagnhctiensg;fowhaemtshefrrthciaslammaityieesaodr ftoramnoinnogmleeradisctPoFAS eeonmrvioiscrihooennmmsieoncftaalnpormodeurcitcioPnAsSetsomtahey beenviroonumteenotf.InFturrotdhuecrtmioorneo,fePriFsAiSotnsofrtohme vm) Paper &Board 60-105 (not In NL). TS sd poe CFFO rraey orusr aoe teort [1U6T3S00r 8T r]|[WTeei vnoarwns_|| 100735008G1 rreaee) E [me[5s 7 sL ewLoms cen [somo cuTTahrbeelneust$er1eapnodrUtas.sesToahcneidamteesmdtiesmiiimsopsnoirootnfasnPftrAaoSmptpheltshcee aaNopeptftlihiFceFaortAaniSnondnsswteNhrAee.Nae=stshneeosrtsaeandvdansitahbele Perfiuoroalkylated substances Aquatic environmental sessment 7 a 000344 pa era pesNoeesrasndsrcneon:ayk53w3hihpepaeds.ohePaEAtS,bed | 4 J oetf a--EnaA--SveodhounttbuoobefePnsaSsrnt diudtshcoeoeencneepdiofomnn Parnryoodopa Te emoonnsel(aantorbcoccoordio10nbe.ohoed er 1O O EFOSEr MO FOSEianysdoecrEeaFaOtpbSehAoa(LmCoFiCnpnrwoamdaunectoho)fehnsidte620ah,TeOolMmo,ma8ed2anvToeObheNnern wenn pheahihghescpmtiomnapeeensalLanCd 1d2s0r4p8toEnxpfedc5 stress showytaethe pkoeketosnarcaep.ocacociThhnpaeotnrtou oefh.eECaTFopt eroJfdeugcatdsapiausltoconrtfricoF0der0uocotdfys en. estoapeairepeedrsetmcepnpotfhoorotmotosao.lnHIOnoRcrFcptaT.ho8a2.nbFy1OOnH te egasaion aa oe ah. rmoiiigohebsstcoumrmeoutas8t7,17c6o0ndGeCnEs1Hoasncdcm3u3iFoOnNahctaor of 30 oeOcuSrcheatet snsetvrpPo iFOnAgohfv vPmeAabySean dbmeoetrtehaocndd htehEsAeiSvticecntmearet. eaeom esno ntaooefsAfrhortmweaeenMttcltoeoInnmeosarero,halttoiweeddAobyTbowteefom ea.Taga8wvcwoeemenavdaeHbrooedndetnaneteebdihearlmfroar hree oSdced.o tveorf, m ee B a. eaaenaaetsbbinerefanodreTeteOccthNedo:mincopcooudcapttaoonnisvynoexerposwerdrewreork1e5rs5 EE va rr wa 317 a FO, Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment e 8 000345 om T_y--o-- oLYnsooTohne sEJehrsoem Pla stron feenty aSalPmersidues Bareon es. mnt sey < rotator ---- of " mSnvaueoncreeenso otTnnlsoydirued ta5efoier1PtsEts.OsStTsanoidnsB.EsOTAthheasvse lemenhnoprwfoo1fr1tmkeodP,OutShooafusPgAmhSmrahnoty ofatthem lHproagctt,yicarlaenscihniwoactreinrle.fhTroaneddsgnFhOSosmtsyomoodfueFrtaOtSeo1s0mofaeasrnadntsthstTnosuocohmwy taond {rfaoocptnoorscoefdto5v0maacliunnfeoritannvleDeurttcsh.athuDullsowfeasotcnceoaseePoCnd)altyafocdraFstOs1Sa dane3sewehime.eFnOS PCSooEunrOcceesnhasnisoengsrhfarceeutssehwvwaateteeryrtwsaoreIthAoCwriisrpxperaodntcteeed MaPnCd,smg,cwsoifepoberieng cCpruairceteinctanlvtnaoldntesoa19n0dsfeeeeiimntuehsenMtPfocCht.ofrDooofPtR1o0O0Ne0oaft3. oe4do.mspoThoesrdIoPftSChuerdlyssote rSoormosenredodcosoe npcontnsoemgedsin hi rity cnbe drawn n50eh mPOaS baonddy.PEBoOhc have lohng lote edesntr (5e.d67fatnod 1r:5pmyeasrs,onsdperctievelyT)oin rodents PFOS and PFOA exhibit low acute toxicity,butthey are eye imitating. In cvoic feeding testswithrodents ndprimates theprimarytarget was ther ocLfohtrroPesmFhoOoosSiwfoPammnaundlttPabFggleOertAns.ioeoPtneFshcOaoAtnwwdaapsoofyRopa uinMnddtyAong bSeCSwheEeeackse lttyhPPcaFaricOn tiAnneogeognviacdr.ayuMcuesta,egevbnuitciitdy comes on GNIneOndnReavEieloaonpodmferinotndaelontwesfefwesectrceuadyerteewrimtishnePidErtOSeStehc1tnomobnsalrLdeOdAoRadDavnefdrs0r.e4 efmeiscetcaeovrnedl. Tovey rae CrInnotPhFdeOuNAecthhaearnlbdaenmdesn,opnrro osopfencoifeimcTpoEhlCeicFoypvcrooendmcuecmrtensinnsgePfFopAmSiCexaisnata.ndd,InttaheerUUdnSitAsedtehsement FKirntgvdeommraned tDhenGmEarCkD a perce have programm psd sssommPOeS. ed studies on the potential risks of PFAS. The 3M corporation has performed various studies on the toxicology, pharmaco- P GpKirFnoeFgtFircOao sRmaonTndhohees fnemMvitaraooxntnkmceMnluatoagano l.afcpacohtfeharransmrnradsecrafnofseskE,cnttesgookupsfheeEraACneFPdd-Apenr,ntodhhiuecostnTs,moenmonuetpaarabflRyeesPaeFaOcanScdh.heTfhcets KPrnoegiasmsn(dTRaF)mharveastmupatesaesh pcrtogorfam53onFTOoo, pha: Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 9 000346 \ i i || ] eruaosliatad substances Aq men sent 000347 0 J E 1 Introduction 11 sacground TThaevepsre1s9e6n8c),e oAfffalruosrionmeeinthlumadnebbtloeodBehlslebe1e9n81r,eponrtthedeasmaea1r9la90y8nte1963 oMcacnuree,nc1e99o3f;pGeirlfaunodro&oMciannodea,cd19(96O).RA)fnewhuyemaarnssewrasscevoenrfailrmpuebdl(icCaitlioannsdin& tShuebsetnavnicreosn(mFeFnAtSa)l e(rKaytuerae,st1a9r97t;eodMoroadwy a&ttFenlti,on1t9o99p.erTuhosraalttyeanttieodn was oafdheipgorsoaubpleofbyhiempmroivedinsenmlwyvtocnlmetnetcahlnisqaumepsl,esr.esuNlotiwnagdianytsh.epcehfaureacrtoeorcstaatnoen lRumlanrs (O(lFeOneSthasol,b19e9e9;deiteesctyed5aKaanrnoaunn,d2t00h15gloTbhe,sebontdhinngasniimdalhsaavned in Cwoinsspeqhuaeincnesofuot tthheepcehrefmuiacarloomcutsatmy.cheOmnistMrayypr1o5d,uc2t0i0o0n,.3TMheadnniouoncewditshat it SaUsSeEPdAonan1d: tphreiGnEcCeDshovfeescpohnossielePenFuOtoansm4ePnOtTalcmhaenmagieUmSenEtP:A,Gh20.00200,00). Eco, 0020, {Ahlithdoeucgshionnoaanddvesrste eoffnectes hraedsubleteednionbtseemravtedioantatlheactoenncteontnraatnidonaswaderteencetsesd,1 SWcolondt,ie20a0n0d;nCoank-es,ci2e0n0i1c,mReedninaer(,\2o00f1n)., 2000, Browne, 2000; USEPA, 2000: FBeuhratvhieorumroroefnftueomraibaotendalchreemsiecaarlc.p1rhojuenctes w20e0r3,sdtraattedPorarthd seemsisromnemnenttrale aivnstieambaiteiofnorl PeEseGaSrc(hOEpCrDo,gr2a0m0s28a)reienxdecPuFtiOnAg s(tUuSdEiPeAs,on20t0h2)e.enFvuirrtohnemremnotrael, and tPoexrifcuoolorgoidceaclapnroolpe(r8ti2esFoTfOHP,FOTRAP(,A2P0M0E3,)2002)and 11H,2H 2H. 12 objets TToheproobvjiecdteisvensoafnhalyssissotfudtyhwiptohlernetgaalrdstospernftuhreoaalqyuataeedisoubnsmtaenncets aae: dseusecsrpwihiocnhofintdhiecaltoeadhs,owoctchuerpenrcsee,ncbsehoafvipoourrfaandrosaeckttsedansduabstaannacleyssimsaofy the dorigsatnuirstmhs. fFuuntchteiornmianrgeotfotghievdeifafneroevnetraviqeuw aofstyhsetenmasonbdylsaencdsinotnernsaetinonsael Paves wit regard 1 FAS. Ibneetnhiussetdu.dyPtEhAeSmarosturnedceentuicnhformmeatrimontoinonpesccuioartoilcytleantteidosnubTsthaincreesshuassin cKonnotwienudogues ipnubulniceat2io0n0s2on this matter, Thi documenrits t reflect th state of tThheecshteumdiycahlaschbraoard asectuotp.fepTehrrfifuooslrlotoawliiynacatsespdecstusbwsitlancbeeshaarnedldeede.rbInedc.haipnte2r ochfatphteesre3cthheepmriodcucatlhioesn eproncesvs idoaaneemdesaecnrdnibtehtde.sIen cahnadptaesrso4citahtedbeehmaivsisoiuorns } intthheenevnivrioonnmemnetnstdIenccrhiabpetde.rf&oallnodwe?dabhyocvheanpitoerw,sdgeseinngowfittohxtihce odcecturaenndce . governmentalpolis respectively. Perfluoroalylated substance-s Aquat enironmentasessment " Cre 000348 | 13 Teminology Huorochemcal Fuodriontmeed ncam Fuoropaymer ornted organic polymer, cua. ervoinated: peuoroslatedsbsance Fuonnsted organic surfactant Peuornsted sufacant i Ctreoirnmmainmusgetdhteco ddoesemrcsmGTboureaodtaiednnlc:yitaSpecmhceiamailc1ya.l8sthceatenm gTeeetnnrg snheo.dtrroreendpsmpmpiofnlstciyeowsnitwahnhdc-hshuaerecoohaes)mcssaodef,r eTerestrcumoesorefodetdieikereroFsiaCnaFgno10(epFrrEodcwuecieheHdCHCE. Srerreseneydamvot.wdiettchfoutaaprmteyotnoremrewrhifcheans usreidne CaTecoohmtepmdprotbnmeehphowmfeerrpoycyotfnecbbarahckobroonaeet.oymeCsnowsmhm(cohTnF 4Perpoi1ytiyetanasde(noFsE,fsceure.iebe(OpoPl.ymeRrowomhatheseane CDAvyaerrooactanrcaohnoaenn,ioktoownhpeompsp,enpaoedea ,forte ShGmeessrbdeCsthto caunwbahcneerseawmh1se-rre4s,ai(lpyadcreodgewnihsafmuosrne R3Esrouobwbsneasnrcsnehanuhrfrobereeorusanhdpaenr5fcnuiocotrnocgaartgaieasonn,oE,CE: esyoeigretno.sudsesacnrciebewhsiurcfacceosncainv,floow moodlacarons enteiigtmnrosPdostr1a0ndoceescrwrhieaberetursfcecodeoryasabemcsosrwem.ionle,ecu Caocmtmpar.ope the vm fuenutacant used Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment vf 12 "00349 ---- 14 neterences i. gh `5a1v,ai2a0b0le0,at3wwwP.ha3smi.ncgoomu'tpsroofmielpofrtsesspes2c0bi00om.aitxnerdi/eaxlss,hipmr!es les, My 16. aveto MAaPyM.E,D2o00r2r, A,scTcoieatNieotnohfraPnadsst Manufactures Europe, Presentation st Dupont, i' F-t A7t1o0f8in/a3,020000,0,PuRes:,3FMranPcheasing out of perfluorooctanyl chemistry, press release, eSclalrec,e, 211928,1,15O0r5g1a3i1c0fluorinien human seu: natural verses indus sources, on sone wSrwa.mno,bsAerv2e0r0.0o,.Cuakr/pPertinstp/r0a,y3c8a5n8c,e4r0s3a3r50e3s.0e0thitnmlUS, Ose, avaible st fno, ClkpeaT,r2e00c1o,mFn OC: isl eHveOryNwhG. ere, N6atHurrde avaliblset fis VGiiedsye,,JPE,nKvatnonnan,$5K., T2e00c1h,noGllob3a5l, d1i3s3tr9i-b1ut3i6o8n of perfluorooctane sulfonate in inte SGaiarno,duFcOi,oMnanpdaen,.J.,c15u93p, rMtat3e y5,a5m5d o0.n35e4mployeesof a perroocianoi ,fe SGcrlmtayn3m.desn,.dFpOa,MpeMoadtned3es5,,,5Ja6Sn,0d.195c96n65o,enSaerrum perudoyooocftoancccicuapciadtanidophneopsaatslicmen, w. e EKnev,io5n0.,SHcowTeetchRnOo,lr3i1d2,44C55,24139497, Furinated organics inthe biosphere, .x rMooudnyd,waCtAe,iFmepdi,ctJAe,d1b9y9f9,ieDegtherimningatsiconoo.f pEenrvfiurcornocSairboFxeylcaneeslin33, 800- bons; Teclr TEOEsVCoODM,/2E00X2C2.HDGrOafTtSa,sseasrsm,enFtraonfcpeerucrooctan sulfonate and s sls, on (OECD,2002, etterofMi Visserto BA12Cn,e, Pr, France huplelfnon,sytGeeWea,n.durOhecspu,apt4i.c,EnnMdvainrpdoiendl,MceJi,daZo4b1ce,la,7m9L5i,.y8109t89a9,tSi erfuumerpoacrhfeumoircolocptrnodeuction RTeencnhenr,ol20305.17,Gr1o5w4ihn1g6o0nce ver perforated chemical Environ. Si NTaatvusr,e, 31179.6186,5E0v-i1d0e8n1ce tht there are two fos of ore inhuman serum, TTRhPe,N2e0t0n2e,aTnedosmer Reseach Program, Presentationa DuPont, May, Dordrecht, PUSrEePsAR,e2e0s0e0,,05Un1i6t/e2d0t0a0t,esavEunlviirloenfmentwal PreocttecteionncAogemncy,pEePwAiaanedp3a,mi pUrSEbPlAe,:20P0e0r,orUnoioecsttsautlesfoEnnevi(roPnFmOen,taplrsPreontteacttioonnoAfgeMnsc.y,DPehamsiinsg aAuutgust UFeSbErPuAa,ry202002,,2D0r0a2ftWhaaszhairndgaiosns,es5m.e.n.tnofipeedrfSuoroeeocfaAnomiescraica and sss, SWotodo, Ad2a00t0,e3s4c0omphmaIs0e6o6u/t2F1O1S6,2/C6he2m5ica6l1W4e1epk,rMeayp26,r2000 avaiable nit 000350 | Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 13 eee eee Perfluoroalkylated substances - Aquatic envionment assesment ha 14 0451 2 Physical-chemical properties 34 lenttcon cfelorumfoplrriuinosaretoseadskcelhavetemeridchasulun,bdsirtneacdnlsucdeoisfn(gcFooAmoSpm)oeuisnrtdshsea(onldCepcEotbiSmvee2rn0s.0a1mT,efhoanrdgarcogaurnpobuopfodcfhiiecdlnsto oi2rm3gpaconarittecagnpotorlisyeumsbes(resNt.sCEaSe,t2h00(p,iurinated organi surfactants and the fuorinated [[ I 7 roma -- ns l LJ i [[FT romm----C--e ------ --T% -- Ee ---- [ [F rr o e srom emeo ssos en ee 7 [7 [enw acre =[6 [FI E [rI woses -- 5: A [Fos------------------3| [From =Tw [F[ T romeraa n ns s5 [E [ FT FomoL m-- res Tw [ Table 27. CategE ories of perfucror alyated chemicalm s NCEHS, 3007 [v pSFtrouorddmyuacwtniiylonoofttuehsremsoeendtsihuabetsmetoa,sncatensidmtvpheorrytmfaanetjwpochdyosemigcrmaaldea<trhieopmnriocpdarulocddtua,tcathaerepraivmaairabyle. This FZ=FAScanTSbeiemoopmnersrosCdeaultlcoEenl,evciatasrtoacwshoedmdiibcsytailancFmtoornonugateotstohoefnrss(yAnhthiEegslaiasCssuss,PedAlboyhaI,MCalndaMneri, Dain snd ubont Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment Ceaat, ~-- ~ ---- 15 000352 TT oe prode uctionapogrtoncsoesersit3c,h20a,ndpheuefudraotaidtteehdefvporoomtdurcchtaesptireriTlroooCiEnegnr5to10e0sp | a bry foonednegsopornoalneh2.1a. cnhtwoghoarens s12y19n, e310s0eDscan hee pra aduectwsttahna r,TehpebrofondogurcmeoefdnsvoeimpethnaeerthaworGpeoponbodufrasneytt,notpnshsaohsvpempcfoauor4n7m,dfwrith mebsrecorpahayemtonreesusnodf mRoxao.pnsoTaftehend.acTonresmspapriTaaybtlooefn2rs.1easnfhsoorcwmshahteeadmmoarmngoyavned teed moe ean capes 3. TThecmoppolyomeurso.onf fehlvutoeroinmnamteeend,taacyeblaeythefsaapwuoptsreospaeslfuyrefsfac1resmekatndofywoimgoflpforuwoorplreetc.eudlar bpe osaey mes.malaowainynkRttohrohuphypsrpohdTauhtcyeisowniTlmretmdbaoeirantechlsopwdoidlly1bmee.trsShwcaiebllneeeof oenviptrat oweprgoduuciosn poani.es fsomtRwiollcbeecarrpgortsomhess Fmyea rc pmroaducsthse efnoiroslk cphranodenugihs cacnhviaynfgrso oofrbuepen sx nt ienyWwo doo soentvheifoallwonngtpercohcsaslewitatbhlegh32t1carbons, There, Peoooa st Feo Ee le sonra [TE Ee octanesutonamidostanct enH P eTN r Eio ET a sHaEd rg irNl T [VEE| HTTN Tr TTPriTelrTl TT ee PNN Y ANTNT TSs Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment ra EE 16 000353 LL  aon 24d ERS FTEnHlRrenapSnrea rntputodarorosctane- fif3i oe] ANNen TAhyA BBe OBLOTNTRRI EBTHEBR Ey ` REFOSEA | ETnpearimuoarocsaneea:s Em H BON DINE ed cEuooresate TTI | H TT NNee EroSEA EE SET TT TT momrwaentiooeons H POTNee] : petorocarcl STTRTR " PREFER ro sToHArAbZaAtZeA. 865-861 Se FEE EF Eu CE Jr uiny . + FREER RTE -- LsoL seon mE FTTRTFRTTATY 0 He mTotHrTacZrHyiZtHeperuorooch "N TNy N ry Sar seestnost PREFER AN oom wT H TTN T TT L L5 ~ce EGeTistFroabot,y ponsretepteTtheee cohtoemedea CBy pWornT Cie Perfluoroalkylated substance-s Aquatic environmental assessment 17 000354 ames" Femme . $00355 E FEE) a || ky i 8 g i i ios u elJ FLRLLLLLLLT ES LL LLL LLL] 2%52 HHEH i [LL] FLELLLLLLLsL 3i : 1 ; Ad = 8 52 3 bsbaal | BEER 2 : 3 s - 2 TRHLE. HS Belg" = Ey 23 References 3Ch4e,mi1c9a96l,SaDfeetteyrmInisntaittuitoenLodf.pYhoyskiocho-acmhae,miJcaaplapnroperties of sample D-1, Mitsubishi 3(M7,F1O9E98),, SDtetPearuml,inaMtiinonnesooftvaa,pUonuirteprdeSstsautreecsoufrvAemberyicdaynamic method for U1463 | i 3InMt,em1a9ti9o9na,l,DeEtaesrtomni,naMtairoynloafndt,heUnmietletdinSgtaptoeisnotfmAemletriincgarange of PFOS, Widife | : 3{Mol,or1g9a9u9g5e, mDeettehromdi,naWtiiofneofItnhteevmaatpioounraplreEsassutroeno,fMaPrFylOaSndu,siUnngittheedsSptitnensinogf America 3`cMo,ho1l9,95Sct, P3aMu,InMtienrnneasloctoar,reUsnpiotneddenScteat,eMseolftAinmgerpiociant of 3923 N-EthylFOSE | M3eMi,h2o0d0,0,WiDedteermIinntaetmiaotnioonfatlh,eExwsattoenr,sMlaurbyiliatnyd,ofUPniFtOeSd bSy ttheoaSfhAtamkeeeriFlscaask 3PhMa,se:200so1l,ubCihiatryacotfeEriLzFaOtiSoEn.SOtHudinywEaItFeOrS,Em-eOtHh,anToels,taCnodntarcoeltoRneef,erSet.ncPealS,E.035, | Minnesota, United States of America i 3SuMlfoRneaptoer:tsC,u1r9e9n9t, TShuemmSacernycoefoHfuOmraganniScoroarHoecahlethm,iasntdryToaxnidcoPleogryflDoartoao,ctane | February 5, 1999, St. Pau, Minnesota, United States of America ABR, a, Data sheeton 62 FTO, avalabeat ww.aber. de : ABCR, b, Datasheet on 8:2 FTO, avalibeatwww aber. de ABCR,c, Datasheet on 8:2FTA, avaaitwaww.bablerede | ABCR,, Data shone8:2eFTtMA, avaiat lwwaw.bablerede | AMPaMyE2,00220,02G,oArdsrescoh,cTihoaeftNPelitahsoteinrclaMnadnsufactures Europe, Presentation at DuPont, DuPont, 2002, Presentation, May 2002, Dordrecht, The Netherlands FEitshcyhiepreSrcfiuenotrifoiocc,i2an0e0s1u,ifMoatnearmiiadlo)Saeftehtyyl DmaetthaaSchhefeattfeo,rC2a-n(Na-da Kviimhiusacthi,ngH-tJh,eAqnudarletayeo,fMe,xpielrmiamnennt,alU,to1xi9c9o7l,ogAicsaylstnemdateiccotaapnpircooalcoghifcoardata, Regulat Toxicol. Pharmacol 25, 1-5 Nien, 2002, Data submited by Mr. Mistorgo, Mitni, Miano, tay oNfCoEcHcSu,rr2e0n0c1e,aNnadtihoanzaalrdCseonftpeeorrfuEocortooaxliacotleodgysu&bsHtaaznacredsoiunstShuebUstKa,ncAesn,onR-eview Confident overview, Environment Agency, Walingford, United Kingdom RThPe,N2e0t0h2e,raTnedlsomer Research Program, Presentatioatn DuPort, May, Dordrecht, Perfluoroalkylated substances- Aquatic environmental assessment 0 +0035? 3 Production, Use & Emissions of PFAS in the subihi Netherlands vias ite 34 Introduction o%s T$e5atvaerye euxspeednsinivneu,mtehroyuasrsapnplliycautisoends.wBheecnauostehfrluporroidnuacttesd sduorfoatctpanotsssaerse the Speci requirements (Kisa, 2001). Perfucrinated surfactants ave special physical I. Ina hema properties. nluding chemical inetnes, high thermal Sabiy. low OSE sa3pu0prlf0ia1ccaetTeihnoeenrsgey,hahryadcreorphsoibciscimtyaaendthoelemopvhaolbuiscbiietyc(oSmmparotu,n1d9s94in;sKeavenrnaalniedtsal.o,f T2h0e0most important fioefappllicdatison are (USEPA, 2002; NCEHS, 2001; DuPont, 3 2 PCaappeertapnrdotbeoctridon,protection, une Z TLeeartheeprrportoetcetciioonn,, Frefightingfoams, IZ SPpoelcyimteyrssuarftaicstoadnnts, Tehceenitstiinbveunttioorny oovferheuseusceatoefgoPrEiAeSs iinntthhee NUentihteerdlKanidnsgfdsonmotsphroewdnsenlytkanbowlne.3.1A, SrheonwtssthtehereblraetaekidmopwonrtianngcleoboafltpeplsiecvaetriaolnccataegtoerigesooirnfittehhesUpK.erTfaoera3t.e1dalso ont Productsofthe 3M company CuC poaToo oowner |t05 [soaracnJ ES || A tii SR [FCoormmmCmacaTssab3[1216P5r3oporboral breakd||own| Fofrpeemumoergo_ clhoermsica se_ [ m he3 UR a| 7 nd Go] b 3M production FUnrseoyCbmasttehdgeofsreyd.raatpartoibfaosbrltoyhefboNlevltotwhiheeadntobdycsuap,rapspebteeancedaattoeumfxesttnheeteredAialfttemhroeeunngtchectoihninsrsbeulrateteiavketdhoewmnajor I{mepaotrstanocoefomtfhienesduestursyercataegorniefscowmihlcboeunismtpyotrotcaontunutsreys,ofisPFeAxSpencttehdethtat Nethernds. Tsehcceruaotpnaplcdisciamwtiitohlnissnocahtnadbpteterdh.iesicOuctsoshrerede,sabpppeolcnidaciuanstgeioetnhsmes iy sarseaic usohoeetnrdhbseiih ncsieadnelv,ilrceoonsmqmeeuntaitnctw,iielaslnbdeKisa {2001 eviews moosfthte possible sppicatonsforfuorchemicl Perfluorcalkylatedsubstances~ Aquatic environmental asessment a 2 000358 from production, from use, fromcollaendcunctolleectded waste after use (both | I Therearetwo major commercial production processes for PFAS: electrochemical | ot Q me ur-- MPrAefN efeNl wo nn toton. Corl boS57 pPsFtFeF eFrnie A pc gttitoodincccifc iTogr pics J Le ore CH/CO+ 1C8HIF --p--33CcE,+t1C7Hf,FO+EOo HFC itChbyeFC,rC+oOHcFOs--G--n 0CF,CO+OHHE | A tSSrehes onan nFld--,H tth wr mtmnten 3.4 Catorertstion re 2piotnnprrseserihi cphreiwrbiTtyti e i , Ronexii ty ahem sdatSr tf crs rd HE | Perfluoroalkylated substances Aquatic environmental assessment 22 000359 it 2th fet xed TM, ) seansd 3 hE wEe u W +r cwoiosse .: iyin AsuuoprpilniaetseadreteAlsoamhegrldaisvsispioanno)f,AtoDfaiknian(GAatopfainn)a,, C2l0a0r)i.antO(tShweirtziemrploarntda)natndPFBAaSyer Germany Tsuhbesdtiafnfceersenotfctohmemseerscuipapllinearsmeasr froerptohretepdroindutcatblseb3a.s9edatotnhepeernfduoorfothsilsylcahtapetder. 3Fl3uo1rinCaatrepdestuprrfoatcetcatnitosnanrteaudsuecdtitoonform a protective, sol repellent coating on ceanrepregty.oTfhteheprfinbcriplbeyotfhseofluroreopaellyllncchesinbsa.seTdheosnetchheairnesdurcetpieolnbooththweastuerfaacned ol. fTihgeurreef3o5:r sil parties cannot enter the caret. The mechanism is explained in A cCr,E ,CE o), g ca h E eo TGo ]Co g g a CHR -- CHR -- CHR SFigTU uIreT3.R 5.FRMEeRFchAaonfC ciarspemE t protection with fuorinated polymers (Tomasino, 1992) pTrhoedsuectsso,iwrhepieclhleinsttphreobdruacntds nfoarmceaorpfetthsear3eMgepnreordaucltrfeofrertrhiesd tapopalscaStcoont.chTghared CScorymlmceprolcymperrosdu(cTtosmfaosincoa,rp1e9t9p2r,ot3eMc,ti2on0c0o0n,ta3iMn,ap2p0r0o00x)i.maWteellyl-1k5n%owfnuoprrooadlukcytls `greeneSrcoattchhegsaerdpr(o3dMu)c,tsZoaneyiu(sDeudPaonfto),amB.aaypaprlided(Beamyuerl)siaonnds fFoorratpherfein(iAsthionfginoaf.tIhne carpets (VNTF, 2002), "UTsheeefsigtuirmeasted useoffuorinatedorganicpolymers inthecarpetindustry in the aNneathvedeanrdosafis1ga5pep%rofxliumoartienaltyed1o0r0gatnonincpes oof prlodtuhycitsscmoanrnrueeaslplroyn(dVssNtToF,152t0o02n)n.esWoifth Awuiotrhidnraatweadl pooflytmheer3s.MTphreoadmucotusnotfsthuesemdaarrkeentohtaastaanllicmopnosrttaanntt;tnhf(lteenmcpeoornartyh)e fuctuation(se Table 3.6 Aipmaprotrtferdomfrcoamrpfeotremiagnnucfoaucnttruireisn.gFionrthteheNteotthaelrclaarnpdest,ilnsdusPtrFyA1S3t1remaitleldocnarmpeetiss: are ipmrpoodrutceedd(iVnNtThFe,N2e0t0h1e)r.anTdhse,re1fo2r5emiinltihoen Nmeitsheerxipaonrdtseadnnaunadll7y59m1imliliioonnmi'scarpet iprsoolddu.ctFsorrethuesepdr, woidthubcootufttih1oe0snetocnanrepsetfsuaorpospurraoctxanitsm'6a5 tteonlneys PPASbased a. 1s4d1.s12t8y..16Imillon proaducprfaordhoeOcshcmea0 k 75 ion espridedpaokss91e ieonse 3m7oaunnnoafE$A5S.forcptpoacin.Thase31l/r1e41* 100 nes tke 45torn,645+ 0.15 Perfluoroalkylated substances~ Aquatic environmental assessment welt 2 000360 S-- E SR RNR Z + "Amountfuorialedorganicpoymer [1024 | 135 | 808 | based products used (tonnes) ' tThaeblcear3p6etAinndnuusatlrycionntshuempNteitohnerolfanfdlusoirnin1a9t9e9d-o2r0g0a1n.ic polymer based products in ETmhiesrseiaornesseveral possible routes of emission of PEAS from the use and cons1u. mpLtoisosnens dtuhreincgarappeptliincdautsitorny.inthe factory, 32.. WEmeiasrsifornoomftmhoencoamrpeerts,frompolymers 45.. EEmmiissssiioonnss ffrroomm trehaepwplaisctaetipohnaosne fixed carpets, AthdeTc)arpetsIdnrtheedcaafrtpeertwafradcst.orFyrtohme tfhlastoraopspulrifcaactitoannte-mbiassseidofnisnimsahiyngocscuarp:pltiheedseand c2a00n2n)o.t be quantified in this study, because emission actors are not known (Gu, A"LdL12it) is expTehceteddurtahbaitit5y0o%ftohfethperotFeCct(ifvleuoPrFoAcShelmaiycearlo]ntrceaartpemtesnthawsillbebeenrsetmuodiveedd aodvdeirtitohneanli4ne5-%yeoafr tlihfee FofCtthreecaatrmpeenttdwuileltboewremaoveladnidknvsaticeuaumnmicnlgega,ninwgh.ile an tdihfrfoeurgenhtouptrotdhueccearrsp(eDtulPfoent(,3M2,00220)00.4T).h"eTwheeasreofpetrhceepnrtoatgeecstivvaerylawyietrhwiptrhodaucts of cnoortrneescpeosnsdianrgyelmeiasdstioonthoef felmuiosrsiinoanteodfoPrFgAaSn.icThpoeldyemgerrasdtaotitohneoefnvfliuroornimnaetnetddoes onr'gaanwiocrsptolcyamseeresstisimnaottekint omiwgnht(sbeee saescstuiomned4.4t.h4a)t. all the polymer degrades to form PNeRtAhSeralnadntdhs,at1095t%onnoefstohfefplouolryimneatresdroermgoavneidc.poOlnymcearrspertesthapaptliaerde. Tuhseerdeifnortehe9.5 toprnonteecstoifonPpFoAlySmmerasy.bereleased to the environment, due to wear of carpet APdFA3S)totheTehneviursoeonmfefnutovriianaatdeidreocrtgoaniicndpiorlecytmerrosutm.aTyhleeadditreocttheemiesmsiisosnioofn PoFfAS. ipsrdocueesst,ouismepdurittoifesorimn tfhuencptroondaulcitsse.dDpurroidnugcttsh,erveaarcitoiuosnsitmeppusriotfietshearperofdourcmteido.nThe iinmptuhreitfiienssirseepdrepsreondtu1c-t2(p3Me,r20c0o0efe)tn.hteThteotailmppurroidtuecstiwoilnlv5o5l0umbee parnedsewnitlbineptrheesent mimopnuroimteiersswiulslendoftopromlaynmuefarcet.urWihnegothfetrhtehpeoilmypmureirt.ieIs wisilvebrey plirkeesleyntthaitn tthhee. pforloymmtehreapsomlyomneorimceprroisdnuocttcalfetaer.r iItfstahpeplyicaraet,iotnstopotshseicbalrepteht.at they wil be released mSoencoonmdleyr, wpiolllynmeortirseaatcitonandowfitlelnbneotparefsuelnltyneftihciefnitnarleapcrtoidonu.ctAassmaalllopwarlteveolfthe irmepsuirdiutaile(s.3MT,he2y00m0a0y.aTshoebmeonreolmeeasresdhfarvoematchoempproosdiutcit,onledaidfifenrgentto fthreomemtihsesion of fuorinated functionalsed products. Tarheeniontdiprreecsternotutine otfheempiolsysmieorn.ofPhPyFsiAcSalfroromchpeomliycmaelrdseogrriagdianattieosnfmraoym lPeFaAdStothtahte fpoorlmyamteirosnaarnedsasdubtsoeqbueesnttabelmeis(s3iMo,no2f00P2F;ABSayferr,om2t0h0e2)p,olbyumtert.heFdleuogrriandaatteidonortgoanic: lPaFbAoSrhaatsornoyttebsetewnitshtudaiepdo.lymeric PFAS treated tablecloth confirmed the release of monomers fom 2 polymeric application. Anextraction at moderate temperature Perfluoroalkylated substances Aquatic environmental assessment - 2 000361 i in aend Ea sveedd , o:2m5 |#s ehnet wd : of n:ic of 870 wt nn va pod te sige ftom oo{Fntawosomtruesdrti.secdafsUreoonmkesettrhiesmtatrtaeelait.sedm2a0s0ds2e)s,..lTthheeofnlugonrindaitreedctpoolryImnedirrseccta)nofbethdeegPrFaAdSedwaosr t0r1a5n5sfotromnendestooffopremrfPlEuSo.rnAastewd asurcfaalcctualnattse.d Tahbiovies,thteiswomrasyt-lceaasde teosttihmeateemiosfsiaodn2 Nnreadsat)3edt.ogTehtihsCearcr.apetbsetdhoantehaavfeerbeceenantirnegatbeyd wpirotfhesfslioornaolchcearripectasclaeraenesros,meotribmyes febbcoeonawsnuemdmeprtasrr,tawafinohtroaspcplrhiaecymaiatpcipaolnlicaiptnriotothnesec.tNieTothnheesrpcraoannydsssu.wmeeArresahpnoporltticasavutraivaoenbyldweoiet(shAlncooa,trp2ae0pt0p2se:haorptso CTbaharisspeedctolpuarlnoddd,ulce2at0ds0t2foo:reNtmThiUes,ia2opn0ps0.l2i;NceTiaCtth,oeifro2a0tn0h2en)e.usweC,parrnopoteretcttchileveeaenmaeiyrsessridoConhseufrsrno-fdmlrutych,rio2c0h0e2)r.icaaNwpaTpsltsiecasttiroenaCmca.orupledtthbsetcqhauaratpnaetitefcdiaeidnsnpioontstehbidesotrfuefcdayyfc.tleerd,ustewwiillbbeecaodmdbeudsttoedthoergaenndefriaed. in i`hmeeproNgretytahcneatrlctauamlnoadtusinomtnossopftrteohdfiectwthaetshntaoetn-croelmcabynucdslftalibeoldne (wwa3isl9t%ee(aiMdsicteooumltbohukesedttee,sdt2r(0u50c12t)i%.o)n,ooafrnPddEaAnS tethect2e0d01(23:,3M2,0021000.15T.heInlathndilleoafchPaPtAeSoftraenatdeSdiprPoFdOuSctasnmdaPyFlOeaAdthoavtehebeen emission of PFAS to the environment. T{InhrdeoumsetscrtayirmapapetptieoatnrhsaotftaomribeseuscsioeomdnpsliinocftahtPeeAdN.SetTfhhererowlmoarntsdhset iuas9es.ea5ntedosnicnmoeanstsueTmfhpoetrirmoeinastisnmioetnnhst cowafirtPpheFtAS SG"paornpatyestdaftoirmivrpeeo-liaynpmfpeolrrcimacattfiiooonrnmsanabnoodtutctoadukelegdnrabndetaotrieaolcencaoasuennddt.btyrTafhnesvsfeodri9mfa5etriteoonnntnowefasfylshu.aovrienbateeedn oirngfaoneinccepoolnymtehreswortshtecmaosset eismptomrattaentgirveenm.aining queston, with a poy high 3GF.lr3ue.os2rsiePnpaarptoeeodrfcaphnaepdmeibrco.aalArsmdaoprrnogtuesocettdhieonrnst,htehipsappaepreriinduussteydftoorptrhoeduwcieapwpaitnegr aofndsnacks, TTChohioesktipyerspoedaouncfdtsmpeatttheaftroiaoardlessu(gsNeeindeerfrmoaalnltsy,hrs2p0p0el2i;cfaPttloiiaoednseEaerrsre,agz2eep0nae0pr2dae;lrlP.yrboassted&oBnrafnldu,or2o0a0k2)y,! phosphates (GM, 19994; Kiss, 2001; NCEHS, 2007). rSPrcaoadonefdiionngfaovpfiaappa(epNreetrrhmadtaoness,pnr2oe0st0etn2at;kiePnrphloaeocstNe&itnBhtreharenldaN,nedt2sh0e0i2sd)ai.mnpdosr.teTdhermomiGjeormorafnttyhyiasnd FCToihrveaap,meaCrilianer,isaaunpytpslaiinecrdes-DofuS/PuBooanyrtsoywnciththheolmr,eiscLpoelcdtynintveeh,leyCptaahrpetaeffrouilonldrouwasintnrdgypZroaonrdeyulc3t(MsP:,feSAictdoeortfecirha,b.a2an0y,0e2r), 2NU0so0e2p)fr,iogdAuurmcetasirokneofstuhrivseygirand2e0o0f peaspteirmoatebdotahradtiisnktnheowNneitnhtehreanNdestbheertlwaenedsn(6V0N0P,0 Ar20uadotr7foo0dr0kty0hletpsohenontseysppheoasfto&ef5&paantpeeperadpe1ed.r0(-1K.ss5e,%d2(a0bn0an1su)ea,dlcoloynr(rtNehiseeprromnyadniwsne,gig2t0ho0t26o)0.-1tIh0te5sfterosentni)meastoefd Fuoraalyl phosphate. Perfluoroalkylated substances~ Aquatic environmental ssessment ation 2 000362 eEpamipisesroinoontsshoef PwErAaSppdeudeporotdihctu(s0uoPfosnttscepdapnerNaCeENfSo,m2m0i0g%atainodn aeumtiovftotnhse AFFanrcoottmohrpeearspseaorrumrbcaeenlaoieffvaeecdmutinosnobgnesavrntyshsmnacalllsiGcnMeg,nwta2s0ct0oe0u0n)ttsh.e pTahpeeramciosnivoenrstinogmindus, iilnnectsihnaenrwsatisoatneb1pahaPwsEaeAsStueewodifbpFaeApdeSerstmerasoytyeesdd,souplterd.eatcothaet oimsodnlofsPEmASa.y Deunrding | ermeisniooknws tao hle sfaol ahnsdeatpeer Gofeemsseicoonsn.3.3.1. 1. 20010. Guana da C3Poi3snos3ruimnTesretses.dteThhpeeromateicpctialopnsausseiextaens1i0veflyanti hheetcealpetddusutrye.anTdhbypprriovactes UTietorredstpoolymuearss,caorsboeno(nLafkuatperna2i0d0a0yates and metcnoin, and e. uTaphnhedogsloaelrnyor,featnhpeprespolpalfcNaCCtoitEohSni,nogfa2fn0nd0b1teedTdonrechsaemhrictaelassrtiesewtdewdpirtoohvritdheLso.weaatbpelreroc,tiooetciht,ssi, CAuhoermeiacbao.n,ThbeorteahriwnoStafgeorenthudereixeniastdpeodducocuhtiogn. procs he se |! Teuhsreepftreiexgtusirl.eesdSusotmryofinhtsheeNceotmhpearinainedssvcoemphroirsoessumaacniyasnmasllnaedimmdanmofacung ! I{pnrrdooumcstetrhsy,BVVeaIcrNae,uis0ge0itn3hg)n,TdenuxotsritflrynodmustethneaENteoodpeearaadnndApp(upbaubrteclthaaAnsrdocTesetxnitoienOefrograantlihesaatTtnieotnle GOuutretnet,e2l0e0m3,usty.ot postioebslatee the use f Aurochermeds in he Fpoerrtuheosreoacphleicmaitcioaanlrps pnercoessitsomoa2bt0ra-ayn3lt0hy% w(aofteherfepeelweeniegehst)a, 2000. |i tUwhneeitfveudeoKr,ionctghhdeomtmio,ctalltaaxcttiuveatinndgorcfedawiapetneetrsapr(poLpoCfaEHtoSen,ls2e0t0bo7gr,eteheardceolynpotttheaktntfoosr 4wn8,.u8t%hneof bTSraeakxnetchehoicidhneetrmhsieccaNlaesttaherestsaanbthtdaastiunBesydserfc,oomunspvtaoranibo,luseSmaaamnnouufdnatcOsirsoefiru.carrfeoortcmheaetmmiioocnuIrmopomrtant Suppers and have al ogehera market Share of proximately 30% (VT, 2007 pB.aLrW.tyVisser, 2002). Unfortunately, salesfiguresare not available from the | ETdmhuiessestaiyoranesnidvecpoosnsaibmlpetroonutesof emissionsof PAS fromtheus inthetexte: ||! 331 WLooswsfoumttheatpelilceat,ion in he factory, 5. Emofomononmerss fom polymers, :{ 55.. EEmmonisdriuonmsogheenwaascpkpphsc,tattexotens, | {cAohdte)hmccsispirTeohsneenat ntftmuhecneotncsuotefdotefpxotbsemserwsst.hTwhfauroe.rianTanotesdi5.chevmeisrcyaolssfmfiianultoehrerntefaencidtoargyeleofds | | 1t0hefoterxmtisleppprvoodsuictmiaoeny(L1a0kapteerxc,en2t00o2f).heThResue tnwoaemicsesimocnsatlogsetehderGa1re, e2s0t0i0ma0t,ed | i Perfluoroalkylated substances- Aquatic environmental assessment Gare 26 000363 i PE ste =a rio . ws2 _iid = Ji. cin sS2eeaing fo " TJthsee . oo6 oats vnaeted a -- EE 462) The fluorinated coaotnitenstge is vulnerable to wear During the fTneeamtyoivimenedco,rfeaatshsetpierooadmugtoctouoanttsecoonfwsheidaeerrcaoobnlmteipcnarpttatotf.thooetsflt1u0orriitnehaesteehdmevpioaolnyrmmeesnrtew.ilwlTaibssehing sA1d0i0openrcehnetToonfettuhbeseaeopnfpqptoeudyamfnaurtosarmoAycwheaermsatecaolirtdsshe saeepsmpsiresodsmitaotnhfoenmoewnnoovmuiedorsns.met8n0tteh that phreodeuncvtiiomnpmuertnitesTahinsdsnoonxpeonysmeelyrsGeidcumsosndomoerrtsemaapylibceat3isoonurfcecaorfpPetAsSmto eecacstneioenesi3n.aw3t.1iaoansn1dhsofsaiuneganxgleoiggssotuesadltyyhaataiadll fh0orettphhoeelteyemrxetrasesdapeiogfcramtaoonntosom.oerrA.mdPndaEAwoS onste Se0st0he) snsn,dSroOemncetehofprtcohoosfneisnupgrmooefdmtueacxrttkecesot.ntehavienesraeoppcrrohoddeuucmcttisseradersvaSveaviaearb.lles2f0so05ri.mypereorva,end 2S0b0oe2,cpoGnrhsidnocgeerfrafa,bulrt1ei9n9noa7ot,e neGdrcaonaga teirn,gso1mf9t at5hy8e.mleAae arhdkoeurtgecn hcuysbYeeosamomafdiesh.osnBesotpryodruecptsoea1ss)d hiprroynmanott. 40a.(GE0v0idcenttm,atteedphaartof34h%e wofathehnpraopdpucatttiaotn &theaxspneolt fom praettltthy attfaucchaendattoetdhoerfigbarenwpiollbyemerrastteadt twoethuesscewoer. he mpirgthetcbieonssofamtelde aorsetecehsitsciimoaotnisnondeusnmcgaornatkpielnukaeardtie1n3sssasenudmfweoedahrheotfatearktapnrroeetemncittitvPe oafyueural.saathsesdiwnoorrgsoatnliecs pRProelSsyummearbsldye,TgcoroalmdeebsuttsohtaftoonramwriPlFnAeoSta.drecytlhed dweisltrbuectcioomnboufsmtoedmoormeanncdlaneddplymerc PSEeAoS,nw5he3reas andl ay ead to the emsions of FFAS to the emureriment 334 Leather protection Porenercufisuooerndoasilktsylp,artoe2vdi0ds0eub0wsttaenrcresoaartenugs.edFoforhtshestprpeiactamseonnt opfoleaytmheerr. rTheomcainhe Trraeswatretrsrhepveanttaarefuosreedtihnethrefrrodiuncg process, Wates spelen consumer TLheneedteDgututbrcrheiskFanetndisecuofreTnaatnnyetxrieiecsuo(iFnNngL,anFevdernattioervyanofNteedeursaenodfsevarious products iRnetshusetaheefrorintdhucsotmriyn.gF(lFaAoLn,na2l0e0d3c,heAmciccoarldsiangrtincKoirpaor(a2t0e0d1i) chosncSeunteaydons of RJuoreochemica in eather Indus prodreuvecy low (0.025-005% on leather Fifrtthamporroed,camducsheofrthsepsotreterde.dIn 1i9nt9h8te hNeptrohdeuactnidosnoifmpeoratetd, ranhdech Nwets3h.a6amnidlslownas(sNpLp,ro2m0a0t0e. y2Thle iaovn,emxaprsoosfaweatgsh'eerlioSnpproxamnadtiemlp6yort keDiuslttoceghrdawemasitphheerr0.mp0*r2o(5dU-uN0cI.h0D3nO%,in2Ed0uA0s0St)r.(y Iwfobwuele&awsbosierus1m-n0ec-tigh2sa0t atsllattnmhesaltoeefatphtoehrlhytamoselbrueFeenAiGn.the TNheetcboenaensspoaningmot1a0ol8c4on-us1u6mp6nttioonntnoefsF.AS for lather tht ued nth -- I -- -- [restrain Perfuoroallylated substances Aqua environmentalassesment pi 7 000364 Emissions Fproassstieblaenfdrowmeatrhefraoppmlilceaattihoenr dinurtihnegtuasnen.erLya,nfdrfoimlifnlguoofrilneaattehdercwhaesmtiecmaaolynsleeatdhetor. + tFhuertehmeirsmsoiroen,otfhePFsASptro taohefyelnievaintrhogenrmemnitg.ht lead to direct missionsof PFAS tothe environment. I3n3tr5oduFcitrieo-fnighting foams fFloaammmsa(bAlFeFFi)quwiedrfeuedlevfierleospfeodrminathseeri1o9u6s0t5hraesaftiteo-efxet.inAgquiusehoiunsg afgiemntfofromritnhgis type | pofrofviiredses(Maoiorde-yexatnidngFuiiesldh,in2g00f0i).m cTohnesiAstFiFnFg,owfhaefnoammi.xed with water and air fFrAacStiocnonotfritbhuetfeotromutlhaetipoenrf(o0r.m5a-n1c.e5%o,fMAoFFoFd,ybu&tFcioelmdp,ri2s0e00o;nl3yMa, r1e9la9t9ibve;lySoslmbaellrg (`SMcoanoddiyna&viaFni,el2d,00210)0.0)F.orAdtheitsaaiplpeldicdaetsicornipmtoinonomoefrtihce pmeerclhuaonriinsamteodfsaflirtes-fairghetuisnge.d foamcan be found in annex IV. (ILnutthtemeNre,th1e9r9l8a;ndAsjaxn,of2o0a02m)..fTorhmeinugseaogffenotsamarfeoprrmoidnugcefdir;e tehxetsiengaurieshiemrpsorctaendbe: divid1.ed iMnatbwloegrioruepse:xtinguishers, 2. Stationary fire-fighting systems. s"Tehceofnidrsgtrgoruopucpocmopmrpirsiessesstatthieonmaorbyifliereh-afnidg-hthienlgd seyxsttienmgsu.isThhineglaetqtueripmmaeyntc;otnhtaein large stocks of foam-forming concentrate. TMhorbeieletyfpieres eoxftminogbuiilsehefirrse extinguishers exist, of which foam-forming extinguishers -are becompionwgdemro,re and more important (Ajax, 2002) - Carbon dioxide, - Foun h"Tahveelabseefnewinyteraodruscemdo,reanednvairDountmcehntcaelrltyiffirciateinodnlysmcohbeimlee `fMoiaimeufikreeuerxthiansgubiesheenrs Seascltaharbeglmieeshme(adMr.ikleiTethueskrheeuarra,ere2w0it0tw2h)o.astuTlphepaelssiteerosenxtethiasnutgpuhpilasivheeerr;pstrhcoiodsnutccatoismnpttahalnteycosoemllpnsloaypPpwFriAotSxhiatmnhadetehlayve. 95% so-called `Eco-foam' (Ajax, 2002). IUtsiseefsitgiumreasted tht in the Netherlands annually 150,000 mobil foam fire eexxttiinngguuiisshheerrss 5ar4e,0so0l0d,trweitshfaonamavfeorramgiengsiczeonocfentrraetse s(Ajuasxe,d2a0n0n2u)a.llFyo,rwtihtehse:0.5o1f.5ec%op-efrofalmuotrhiinsatuesde chhaesmdiicmailnsischoemdeswiptohndaipnpgrotxoim2a7t0e-l8y1500k%g P(F1A3S5.-4D0u5ektgoPtFhAeS)u.se t`Ahpearrtefflorinngeowf uexsteidngeuxitsihnegrusi,shaenrsimapnodrtfaonrtthpe asotafrntdhaterdifsoeadmficvoen-cyeenatrlryatreevsisiuosne.dNfoor data are availabfolre the estimation of quantities of this application. Perfluoroalkylated substances Aquatic environmental assessment an 28 000365 erer AA------ i-- nuee teste Sota "h ee a- mt fStoet 2" .tn Jsbers :w sa.ve > jio i ETmhiesrseiaorneswo important emissions due t thus of firefighting foam in mobile efqluiinpgmwenhte.ntrhfeiedm.issBiootnhdaurreinngonu-sceonatnrdoltehed e(mjiass,io2n00f2r)o.m the posal of old TDheepeenndveisnitoonndutrhienlgaucse,offorfeb,otthh trfaine.infgEhatnndgrfeoaaamc,ciwdietnhtstihseiPnePvAiSta,bl1es,emited to tFhoeaemnveixrtoinnmgeuinsth.ers have to be refiled every five year. Although presumably not al texetviinogunisthhereonwtnierfslidnogfhoalslotwotbheisrsetpalnadcaerdd,wimtohsat onfewthoenee.quTihpemeonidt lrienfgil,ewd.ithOn Suetweagdefotraema.tfmoernmtipnlgantc,onFcernotmraatne,envidriosnpomseendtatlo mtohneisteorwienrgatnuddtyre(a3teMd, i2n0a010) itsaktneotwhanttahnaalyPtiFcaOl msesthlodpsrearseennott tahcecuWraWtTe Penoefulgehntto.eMsotiomdayte&thFeerdem(o2v0a0l0) pefrfoibclieenmcsyaforthfleuWorWiTnaPt.ed Esxucrfeascstafnotsa.miFnugrtmhaeyrmoorcec,utfhreoumselaorfgeAdFiFsFchmaargyesleoafdAtFoF. Mthoeordycon&stFietude,nt2s00o0f).AFFF may lead t Sgifiant higher SOD and COD hAewoArFsFt-Fcpasuercahpapsreodx.iTmhaitsiownouwlodulldadesttoimthateetmihssrieolneaosfe 1o35t.h8e1e0nvkilroognrmaemnstPoFfAaSll annually, without the PFAS used forth reling of fire-fighting equipment. SFtiavteitoynpaersyfoifref.iireg-hftiighntginsgyasgteenmtss are avaiable for stationary systems (Aja, 2002): =" tinguishing powder = pcuottinegnufisohainmg ges (CO, Argon) = Z SFuyonrtohpertoitcetionamfoam sFeotrfotrhtehseesapeplsiycsatteimosn,s innocleucdoin-gfovaarmiiosuasvtaelsltb;lte5he0ecfoar-.fMoaanmycostnacnednatrrdastheahvaesbneoet n b1eecnonsturabsjtecwtietdhothtehmeoebitleestfsr(eaexxt,in2g0u0i2s)h.ers, the nissionsfrom stationary twsryhasintcsehpmoshrataserdeextmpouir3cehwdamisotnreoeticndocinisntperrooasltleiedodntbopyltahrneet.gusletawtweirao,ns.bnFuotothapsomsfstioobrlbmeeitncogolrcleoetnctceeevdnetardnaidtsep,osal data (LMA, 2002), SUApspetriofsxigimumroaetmseelnyt3,n2o0d0artaefsorAFthFeFoctoanlceunsterartee aavraiuabslee.for ctahlamRiotyiaelsoDutpcrhevAentFioornce S'AnFnFuEacloyncTehnetsreataerweaesmiutsteedd atnotnhueaelnvfoirrofnimree-nfti.ghtUinngti2n0i0n0g,anNotohweard2a.y8s0w0arteesrs uIsnteedrnfaotritornaailnAiinrgp(orKtoScrhiipnhoel,LuucshetdmAaFchFtF,f2o0r0t2r)a.inTihngeffarceibersiguadnetoDfeAcmesmtbeerrdam 2v0i0t1,ionNionwtahdeayNs tehety rhinefowirrtchallwaamtiaetri.ensTwhdaesassint u1s9e98o.fTAhFeFFcuirnrneonnt-amninltualruyseis Teiress, tthetiloibnmeg ialnotstheetoeeqzuedirpom.eTnhtesetxoclcukdoefdA(FSeFhFipahtaSlchAiipphoorltAFiirrpeorStrigiaadbeo,u2t0012)2.00 lanaragnneuaclonsgulbsotmietruatitoenooffceoxmppiarnedieAsFFnFthofe7R5o,t0t0e0rdtarmeHsacrobnoceunrtrAartee.a jFonrmtohend' has 'pArFoFtFecctoinocneonftrtahteenweawslypucrocnhsatsreucbtyedthaeirDouatdchougtoeve`mSmeentte(A'e,15200.0020)0 rTheesloatfter is an incidental purchase and snot characteristic for the normal annual sales. | e--reeeere-- Perfluoroalkylated substances-- Aquatic environmental assessment : 29 000366 bCaolucguhltataendnugaulelsysewsitehst0i5ma-t1e.a5n%oPrFdAerS,ofeqmuaigvnailetnutdteoof 12.00-3.00 ttoonnnneessofofcoPnFcAeSn.tate TEhmiesussieonosf foam-formin concentrate forthe extinctiono fires abviousyleadsto ctohleleecmtiisosnioofneomfiPssiFontsAoftrShoem esntavtrioonnmareynts,ystdeempsenisderengtuloantedt.heMloocsattiionn.doTohrelocations aaprpeloibclatiigoendsttohihsaivsenoatcoplolsescitbiloen; sfiyrsteexmtifnocrtiuosnedwilflirteh-efnighlteiandgtfooaPm.FAFoermimsasnioyn A(Aijrapxo,rt20o0f2T).oroWnetlol,-CknaonwandaexaanmdpluseesoafreAFaFnFacocnidfeinrtea-lfieghlteiansgetraatitnhinegIsnitteesma(tMioonoadly || S&inFcieel2d,00200,00P;FMASoocdonytaeitnailn,g2f0r0-2e)x,tinguishing agents are no longer used in Dutch | 'mAFiFFlctoanicarefnortrrcyaetetrhainiaangosnsigtesli(fKeotnimien.klIifjtkheisLufcehttimmaechhat,s2e0x0p2i)r.ed, the AFFF can be pdirsepsousmeadblays clheeadmitcoalthweasdteest,raucntdionionfciPnFeArSa.ted (Ajax, 2002). Incineration wil tAhewoArsFtF-cpausrecahpapsreodx.iTmhaitsiownouwlodulldeaedsttoimtahteeetmhiessrieolneaosfe 1to-3thteonennevsirPoFnAmSenatnnoufalallly 33.6 PRAS aSrpeecuisaeldtay sursfuarcftaacnttasnts in various industrial applications. In total this group. vcoloumme appaplrcicoaintsiiosndse.eraIbsnlethae UmnioteuodfnKtihtnegdPoFmASthuesseed,apbpulticiattcioonsnacscoofiuvnastreitdousfsorlow g1e7n.er5a%lloyfvtahlieduesmeoafrkfslucoarinnabteedmachdeemiocnaltshaesseacptairvaeteinugsreedfiiegnutre(sNaCnEdHSp,os2s0i0b1l)e. No. F3o3rt7hePoplryomdeurcitsiaotnioofnfaiudoropolymers, suchapolytetrafiuoroethylene (PTFE) a ipomlpyrmoevreispahtyisoincaalidpriospneercteisessaorfy.thPeFOpAol,yomrerAPanFdOi(nacrmemasoentihuemrpateerfoifuoprool-yomcetrainsoaattieo)n, Kissa, 2000). UInstehfeigNuertehserlands only one production plan for fluoropolymers s present, where musoerewatsha2n13onteontnoensPPFFOOAAisanunsueadllaynn(uAaPllMyE,(D2u0P0o2n)t., 2002). In 1999 the worldwide `ETmhiesesmiiosnssions from this application have been studied by the Association of Plastic fMlaunourfoapcotluyrmeesrsEsursohpoewn(AiPnMt)a.bleT3h.e7.glTohbiasltmabalsessbhaolwasnctehaftor7p7o%lymoeftrihseatPioFnOaAidmafyor. be emitted to the environment, via emissions from the planto from products AiWarter 23 Land 2 [Repro1c4essed| Table 3.7 Emission rouoftPeFOsA In fuoropolymer production (APME, 2002) Perfluoroalkylated substances~ Aquatic environmental assessment 30 wU0367 ,strate : adsto ;ations jos " Aoody oeDutch w5u Jow Lo a oate), aon - ) 3In3t.h8e NPertohduecrtliaonndssinteos PFAS is produced. The nearest productionplantsare stuated ou at S00 po ht cr on se sites, resulting in thepresenceof PFAS in theNetherlands, ether by aerial or ein Environmental monitoring has been executed upstream and downstream of a river sh rota mln eng Se `Alabama, USA (3M). This study pointed out that `effluent from a fluorochemical Some environmentallyprevalentorganic fluorochemicals. (Hansenetal. 2002)." ng oe, elevated concentrations of PFOS em in aquatic organisms downstream of a A12kE9mTeoabnrreoaenp5soobeistnehvcdeonnoeopaonindeeignsoemipleosppsienArsLcToeEsmy sa5ss rKrniseroffsaesrhe laity a bs rests 34 Summary of use figures and emissions Intable 3.8 theusefiguresfromthepreceding secartesiummoarnisesd. It eo Crceoong saoddwrreerbstebdsoeoinapsnyeSspdareesTa hdeye To estimate the emissions fromuse in the carpet, texte and leather industray worstcasecalculation was used. Hence,it was assumed thatallthefluorinated hersoss nmaae raeess poy Cros `organic polymer degrades to form PFAS. Also for fire-fighting foam a worst case oPmTE TeTT Tron ober [Ca ome Jom Jems i Le ci) FFi ioerrTSy[|L5176S30 TPR[LrWweocNne.ser|[A 0N3Af0SrooBa-- Er] Perfluoroalkylated substances~ Aquatic environmental assessment I ee 31 000368 pho eiltepanecaenpsss.fpods. spel pobo pdcsr 4vietnnit ofTeioreSsfvrom)|, [1 e ows mo co fae wo E-- e wi E me T] | Tomke.rCommarePASTS sg EE Pelt sistance - ie ensse 2 yp ,- o 3 3 $ z: : i2 3a z2 i & i ee 36 netrnces 3P0l0t,e1c9t9o9n8S,.MaPatte,raMnSeasfetytsd,atUanshteeedttoaftFeCs-o3f1A7m5eSrcioctachban rand Paper 31Mi,nne1s9o9t95a,, UManteedrisatSaatfeestoyfdAamteanscheastofFC-603F 3 AR-AFFE 3%, 1. Paul. 34,20S0m4c,o3mipPrhaostiingepourtessosmbeooxf/ii2sn0ds0pee0xcihaltly marl, avalabe at P31r4o,te2c0to0r0,St.MPaatulerMiSnanfeestoytad.atUnsitheedstoaftFeCs o3f6A1merSiccoachgard Brand Carpet 3oMi,a2c0o0n0c, Mpaatsr,aMaSnaefestoytdsa,taUnstheedtSof FaC-ot3f6A1me5erSicscotachgard Brand Carpet C3e 0o4,r2i0o0n 0,4,OShuilof,sonUoanetiemeddpceSoraautoetrssooc,fheAnmmielcrlirscea:porst, S,talse Meestmimoatniont-ut19e9.7. Par 33e41t14r,,s22o000r00s016a,,ctVeoatltnueenrntoadfriyWoinUlsTeluaaomnrAdd.sEWx(epFopSsupPr,neeSIttnr.ofoaOrru.ma,tHieMorinnnaPenrsdoofeitzla,e,USUnEiPtAe,dASptartes28o,f2000 A3EmMa,er2me0ne01s,)FluMoreochsemaicaSlcidenccoemspoLasbiotriaotnorpyr.oPcecsise, NWoirlthlwaes.t NWaiteioynal E30ob4b,iar2a0to0ofr1,,plReeitrcthfeleraofndrn,osmWeadFsohsciuhnsgotEounnio.onUnnmtteencodtmaSplonucan.dtsotf,oAKmMeneror.iwsclSaech,nToebnincehsosne,thUenrmeadl Sates of America 3s r4o,n2m0e0n1w ct,aElnvoirroaEntmonenrttya,la5Mn.deParanlidM?tin-LoneeMarsucolhitatati,neCUSlgnayimtpSeltedusdS.y.EtWxaetoacefurAt,tmeSeelrSuiudscmgaer.ary, 34 3aMn,ag2e0r02.,Apnewrsaorna,l Bcoammguonication with Dr. Sinnaeve, European toxicological jui, 2e002einngteirnveieerw(wFitrh Mr. PKarmoptheuiin, SEyFsStmeamnsagAepr,(2A0j02r,e)A,msMri.sdHaomv,erTshe ANeot,her2l00a2n,dsinteiewwith sles manager Amsterdam,The Nethedands, N"eAPyM3,00220,02o, ArssdocirateiTohn,oefNPeltashteicaMnadnsufacturersEurop, Presentationat fart, notin,2002,TottolslFsfiuorinnatedateomlersbusitonDuePosnts, press s releasetof 30nAcporiml,g200r2, oagvaoiulcaobplmema/etde!ta.ch?D=6882 BW. Visser, 2002, Intweithrslvesimaneagwe, Enschede, The Netherands MSaiynea,ge2r0,02e,vpeerrseonna,l cGoemrmmuanniycation with Dr. Sewekow, European Toxicological `NBeevtenr,ra20n0d2s, interview with general manager Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The CNaertpheetriaanndd,s 2002, interview with generalmanager Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The. DCehneimg-,r2y0,022,00in2t,eirvnifeowrmwaittihongefnreormalwmeabnsiatgeewrwAwmsctheerdrarmy, nAlmsterdam, The Nethedands Perflucroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 33 { 000370 DuPont,2002, Presentation, May 2002, Dordrecht, The Netherlands fEllsu,orDoApo,lMymaebrusrya,aSAp,otMaernttini, sJouWr,ceMuoifr,haDlCoGge,na2t0e0d1,orTghaenrimcolaycsidiss nof the environment, Nature, 412, 321.324 ECulroattheixn,g2I0n0f2o,rmianttieornviCeewntwriet,hBRrousbseerlts,a ABdeilngoilufm, responsible for Textie and aFtNLh,itp2:/0w00,wFwedelreadterifeabNrekadnetrenl.annld/se Ldeodwenrflaobaidk!aJnataern,verasnsngu9a9l.rdeopcort 1999, avaiable MFNrL,B2on0t0e2n,,FseedcerreattaireiatN,eTdiebruarngd,sTehLeedNeertfhaebrriaknadnsten, personal communication with `sGryanngetrsh, -1e9w9ta7s,ih-Mciatnse,riAafltSoafne,tyDeDrabtyasShhieree,tfUonirt`eedxtKrienmgedwoamterproofing for wraasnhg-eirn's,,A1l9f9e8t,onM,atDeerrbiyashSiarfee,tyUnDiatteadSKhienetgd"oemxtreme waterproofing for naturals GcUoTm,mu2n0i0c2,tiGoenmewiintshchOra.ftVaunmkwaenltnfreundicher Teppichboden e.V., personal HQuaannsteint,atKi)v,eJCohhanrascotne,riHzOat,ioEnldorfidTgre,acJe,LBeuvetlesnhoofffP,FIOLS, DaincdkP, FLAO,A2i0n0t2h,e Tennessee River, Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 1681-1685 TC, 2002, Interview with the general manager, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Jsounrkveerysi,ngN,ihKeraopc,cuL,rrdeencVeooogftp,erP,fl2u0o0n2n,atOepdtisumrifsaacttiaonntsofinanvaalryitoiucsalmamterticheosd,spfoosrter presentation at SETAC Europe 2002, Vienna, Austria KPearnfniauno,roKo,ctFarnaenssounl,foJnCa,tBeoiwnefrismha-ne,atiWnWg ,watHearnsbeinrd,sKiI,ncJuodniesn,g bPaDl,dGeiaegsly,esJPs,nd2001, albatrosses, Environ. Sci. Technol, 35, 3065-3070 eKxispaa,nd,ed2,00M1a,rcFelluoDreiknkaetre,d sInucr.faNcetawntYsoarkn,dUreSpAellents, 2nd edition, revised and KRuoyntienrk,ijMkaeyLu2c00h2t,macThhte,H2a0g0u2s,,LTehtteerNeatnhdertlealnedpshone conversation with Major De. LNaektahteedxi,n2d0s02, Interview with Leon fing, costing specialist, Gor, The MLeMyAe,r,20L0e2ly,stLaadn,deTihiekNMeetlhdepruanntdsAvalstoffen, personal communication with Mrs. LLeultytsmteard,,WTJh,e 1N9e9t8h,erWlaatnedsrbezwaarikheid van blusschuimen (in Dutch), RIZA, MMiieeuukkeeuurr,, 2T0h0e2H,aCgeuret,ifTahteiNeestchheermlaanbdlsusschuimen voor blusinstalties, Stichting Milieuloket, 2001, informationfromwebsite,www.ilisucketal Mimopolidcya,tiCoAns,oFfietlhd,eiJAu,se20i0n0f,irPee-rffilguhtoirnignaftoeadmssu,rfEnavcitraonnt.s aScnid. tTheechennovli.ro3n4m,en3t8a6l43870 MPeorofdluyo,riCnAa,teMdaSrutrifna,ctJaWn,tsKiwnaBn,otWaCa,ndMuSiurr,faDcCeGW,atMearbuSraym,plSeAs, F2o0l0l2o,wiMnogniatnoring ATceccihdneonlt.al36R,el5e4a5se.5o5f1Fire-Fighting Foam into Etobicoke Creek, Environ. Sc. oNfCEoHccSu,rNeantcieonaanldCheanztarredfsorofEcpoetrofxuiocroolaolgkyyl&atHedazsaurbdsotuasncSeusbsintatnhceesU,K,20A01n,oRneview confidential overview, UK Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment Y . 34 000371 | ! valle on with ues messee foar aster 2001, 4 A coe wes. . ing -| ing mNiaenramgaenrs,, C2a0s0t2r,icpuemr,soTnhaelNceotmhmeurnliacnadstion with Mr. Kiein-Swormink, sles NTU, 2002, interview with sales manager, Amsterdam, The Netherands OGEiCsDe,s2m0e0n1o,tf OpregraoneisraotoicotnafnoersEuclofnoonmatiecaCnod-opersaatltisonlaynd20D0e1vevleorspimoen.nt,PaDrrsa,ft France Phederer, 2002, telephone conversation with Mr. Augustin, general manager, PTireosonsatch&,BGrearnmda,n2y0.02, telephone conversation ith Ms. Stengs, product manager, Diemen, The Netheriands. SopcehriapthioolnAalipsoerrvticFeisr,e SBcrihgiapdheo,l2A0i0p2or,tt,eTlhepehoNneethceornlvaenrdssation with Mr. Geerdink, OSmragratr,lBiEu,or19i9n4e,cChheamriasctte:ripsrtiincciopfleCs-Fansdysctoemmmse,ricniBaalnkasp,plRicEateitoanls.,(PE4e)r,u1m99P4r,ess, SNoelwbeYrogrSkc,aUndSiAn,avCihaanp,t2e0r031, Several MSofOarctSicfosams, different "CoonbcceanntdrGaotniioinns,e.rneoc.eived on demand from Mr. Ladehau, production manager, TDoempaasritnmoe,ntCo, f1t9e9x2t,ieCheenmgiisntereyri&ngt,ecchhenmoilsotgryy oafnfdasbcreincpree,pCaoraltlieogne&offtienxistheisn,g,North carolina state university, USA UNIO, 2000, United Nations Industria Development Organisation, Mass balance iUnSlEePaAt,her20p0r2o,ceUsnsiintge,dUSSta/tReAsSE/n5v2ir/o1n2m0ental Protection Agency, Perfuoroaiyl 6Su7l,fNoon.te4s7;,FWiansalhiRnuglteoann,dDSCu,ppUlneimteendttaaltPersoopfosAemderRiucea, Federal Register, Volume VSPcaRhnOeSldeeitnVemsitaeurna,rnye,K,apnoHdosftfee,srtp,uraerVsiaennnetoDartoginoagnneianst,mSsWEf,TrAoECmsmtEahunerso,SpeeEl,g2iS0a0sn2tN,oVrRi,teDhnSeneaa,CaoAenunsd,trWWiea,s2t0e0r2, gNePn,er2a0s0e2c,rVeetarreyigHionogfdvdaonrpN,eTdheeraNnedtshepralpainedr-s en artonfabieken, interview with 'cVaNrTpEe,t i2n0d0u1s,trVye,raevnailgiiabnlgevaatnwNwed.ertlaaindfsneeTtalp/ififnadburk/ainntetdnru,.iproduction data Dutch ``eNrTfFl,ot2i0n0a2t,edVesrurefnaicgtianngtsvainntNheedeDrultacnhdcsaerTpaeptinfdfaubsrtiyk,antAerna,heinmv,enTthoeryNeotfhuesrelaonfds VseIcNr,eta2r0y0,2V,eVeenreenndiagian,gTTheextNieetfhaebrraanndtsen Nededand, interview with general | ---- Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment. Re 35 000372 i| { 1 i Perfluoroalkylated substa~nAcqueatsic environmental asessment ' 36 000373 -- 4 Behaviour in the aquatic environment i : i || en 41 ntoducton TyohreeCbheaprrhoapcearttveoierfissoooorfgfiuatnnherieccwomaimtcpreooupsnayldsutt(easmnotolsfubciioynt,hceheymadqu(raeotspiihcdoeebnnicvcei,ionmlmeaeontftitsh)edeawtnaedtrembriyned etmeamnaptrioopenrtaerses,iosrdgeatenrmmianteteor cwohntaetnte, extcettearcao)e.mpTnoheutsnedcwoimlpaocucnudmialnade organisms. 42 Solublity and vlatlsaton TTEheEoiwrattgayerhnasnodialufvbbaiieptnoyauofrnofpsratepcshsooumarrrpegowdaueiintchdermwimaaitentreg,otoooifgndesgtilenhndepieracrwraatht,iiecotlpnehosooerfirlntyahcsvooelimxuttbpeeloneutscyntsodotmepwmwh.oiiulcnhdsthe Sepnaaemiionmtemeoandtuof(ft4ho.emSwitanhtceeerv.ialoTuHehsenfurocfylasctooiuntbsyitoainfttycsnowdmerpveoaapuvonaudarbpilsreecshfsaourrraePcA(tVSea,rnitsLbheeeyydeuhiwatevne & Hermens, 1995). Foorr PaEnAsS t(hseoritasbalea4r.1g. vSaruibasttiaonncnessfoolurbiwlhitiicehs,nvoapdoauar wpreersesuarveaslabnldeHreenry rc from table 4.1. EE EN [p[[PFFrrerorsoRoRmsen_[[p[essevseeeesr p|[[Ts<wieoseeErwozes[[wweeeesrrent||| [[rpeororsn[[EeToso E n v[ [ x[i e e w | ee r zs ] | [Tae ble $7 r Environmen Jelezvant properJof selected fuorsuracants FFoorrPaRneOnpS-rstethsuheutrrveeafpidoPedutFiresOrcpAmuriseinssaisrtoueinlroaeantbiwsvoaetulsutyddytveohtwlaetarrimelieraanl(te7ied0tdtyPwoaiotb;fhett3hahe.eK3ira1emmsiumsl4ctohn(PfaCai.acuitAlmo,l-rtoah2f0ol0us2g1)h.o(stteThehee yErbiSloygyS.hoaatn(dtAhtoteehynew,oi2w0b0ev2a.spaonFsuoproPprrFteaOsdsSubraeyn,dsirrPeoFvsOeuArltaithgenieconodwgmibsitHnaenanctreiysocn(oRnosefttnahenet,s,g200m00da7keist Marti etal. 2000. ooNEdaFenOrSaEfe,olm6l:ho2weTvwOaapHtouearnhpdrae8cs:s2u1FreTaOh,MesMheaarvcihenelmoiawcnadwlasctoce-orwuolsrdoklehruasvbelGeOth.0e2C)toemvnebdrieifnniceeyddttwohiitsh a sion i prelmitary study with only few amples. They detected the Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 37 000374 BASE i ony E Ee E EDB T S e B F meeere T ye ey t e t ohe r nre teaS Lyrrssvmoeeeenenporeee| `This `theoretical rejection of QSARS based on the octanol/ water partitioning is ! determine the K,, experimentally. Due to the surfactant properties of the | = Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment ol 38 000375 ctnpatns | won| | sidnwrietmhote tal of i essed by - forthe | Jgwi dent for .sbic and wach: i Teteothe | -a2, i baes | = | ui on-s Wh onek wr ded to 1 -_ (Fe[rvsos[weweR| i432arStonrpotniiomng betw em Oe woud nt ft coe reors chemicals, Often, the epeanrtsiteidoinmiengnotcatnadnowlawtaetreirian important actor in used to predict tis the facto at r. e of In e Bvreettmmeeessrreecmoesnmspooaff tnh srpon 058aiad dOhe, g3a7v0e8oan, 2a00n1).rweishs8 Klimisch `mobility factor of of PFOS respectively in Bri sandy 2 and loam 1 (see annex Il. soil (3M, 19782). The first study In the `second predicts study a a high strong adsorption to all Once adsorbed, soils tested PFOS does wnoatsdoebssoerrbverde,adiilnycl(u3dMin,g 2s0l0u1d)ge. and river sediment. The later study EE aen eps A 3 sro suggests that the primary sorption process is chemisorption. In chemisorption the ee et gs ht OSE vey 0 For other perfluorinated surfactants only less reliable study results are available, od Cs oo ay OV 1978 adsorb to soil (3M, 19784; 3M, 1978b). For PFOA two: `totally contradictory TO EO 5 ns maarrdsosma df 24 TPhFeOrAe,sulFtOsSoAf aanmdoPniFtHoSridnog osctcuudrynienatrheafsieudoirmoecnhte(miBcMa,l2p0l0a1n0t).shTohwestehaftinPdFiOngSs,are evmae5sgh may 1 sediment `multi-city environmental monitoring study GM. 20014). Therefore it is unlikely BveErarTe Ootevm a a on elres. Haeweevemaebsoirretmene.xpearimenpts theorwhat Te ou 1rapily sorbed rom aqueous solutions. Speci recovery methods tdheessoorrppttiioonnoisvferteyldoimffeircsuolnt t(ToRPv,ar2i0o0u2s)t.ypesofsurfacesisveryhighandthat 44 Tansfomaton 444431,ninoducdtieon sth songs sebond wilcubon,buts ngth isvere ymuchCdepoeonendtheeaancytutaggl"gwmoelnnechumldaatnrysshthreuoacptdtusreaei.toenGdti(vceGernrgdutathn,epc1htoi9g3moh8f-pePonIAennrdSgesyed ee arerelatively persistent in tehessenhvoinroonfmeAntS. we presented n able 43. | pee Ae Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 39 000376 [ror fr [pi er--o. -- EE ] o-- r TEs GE Co 92% after 24 hours to PFOS (alkaline) ! ennn E ere E T en e ort re 442 ECF-products i Many ofthe substances under study undergo primary degradation". In this A BOUP GIPC S > ANT > N-EtFOSE tle lls Lb-- N-EtFOSA HHL H is CiL h-- d dH ui -- NH N-EtFOSE-aldehyde clr lr Lh -- >HTT N-EtFOSAA cle lr bl ---- NH N-EtFOSA-OH N-EtFOSA-aldehyde M556 FOSA 705 etsete Fe Oxi aoa r sos y TSAR PFOA(abiotic pathway) I nner ete es r oe eatn ee san - . Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 40 000377 -- == _--i-- y| polated): --~ darotioeon r wo ~ | .re || | a _ > J 5! |i| > 1 Lm, | w=|| |Ivey LiO i eelly tahE t tthee deggraadeataimooen oofC-+MrpeiFcOeaSidaERvdaw.rico.clrhAlrOlissSatEtyrtaGndldso,p1g2oWo0rs0F0op0O.ab:tNtoayre.the {r8e1sseaerxecphechtaeesdbteheant rtpuhrbeolyiumshnaeyted avhosaneodtpubheetetotrrnaatnnossfrffoEoroCrmmapetrdcihootndo uonfc-otEtnFhroOeerSfEfPeuocnOrctntSe-iodMnneabdFlyOgFSroEOu.pRsT,GhbMeu.t a aro. daeduatcinu0nderralrsorecrvcaulmean.ces OW, 19784; 30, biodegradation. PFOS is 2001e; 3M, 2000b; 3M, non-degradable under|both aerobic (3M, 1976; 3M, 2000c; 3M, 2000) and anaerobic circumstances (3M, TEeT Hydrolysis and photolysics etOsl5t ssonhoowowfpttohatpfthhaottartdauengsdaodrcamhaitoainnoscnemtecGhaenteitssatbmsleww4ii.tl3h). periments sa howsstabv losytkatcok5 wabirndldhreyder4noa3l.iydrsSoiisnahfmoar1tEaal,lEhScoeEndiArmtsipinonedsc.eit-vTdaMhl.Ae.FaawOnidsSthfEcoArinarcaetin re onan Tesp tor, cTrsobs papnrfoodu. mcatsioonfboosthsdntaasewihle presumably not be affected by further hydrolyss, photolysis or biodegradation. aO e n TTeem oe mesre oatmuetsocwiaiatnhtshfeyodergftraredaostihoadn.sofl19or90meIshropnwredoctcohnsedidneigortnhased5at1ion of mm es s5eren2isondovorodrlottogefaendyewodra.bfta1io9o9nnn)a.s.preoFadrunactrisnmwvoeersesg,afttoehrdedmaeen,idecioonf `Be publishTed.hThiEsosts udE niy suggraeismogteshtttrshkoatFenttbsroipwooftcrdaseaenssgunfoaosrdrsgmabaoetoidno0nbmyoPfFtwaO8l:Aayo2.tfFCuTicnOuheHnentr.taonncePviFharroObeconAnmhdrbotoes,n.ds e a A e degrradioisounpoftpchoadonutoafrpwdraeoidmvuecstnlsat(gi,Roennnterro,d2oae0cr0s1vcTrrnR,sn20b0e2). `a e biodegrade ed,mwehiacthiss vsEutpEpoo3rryt5eln5daa7bnty,getRbhieoeehsiggr,cha2hbd0iiin0nidi1oinngpHervnooendrwurgceystosrlfhtteahhetefasleuodriiefneerb-ecncatrKbeoyn ogyeeersom GoCFt. rpodeuccP1HOcS,tFOaR.).abit degradation ruts there is evidence that on sda decomposition of frlueorcinoatned(cihenmiecatlsom.ay20o0cc0urTRvFi,a 200. 444 Fiooatnreaaopoelrymdeprs harengpsd n polymeric fon Hee `e most eme issione s willebveaninnc(oecoI-n)pesolinyommeeraiica ofnoromf. URnatcitalam nntnooewtd,rnooorgraemr nsaeaeprcsohnnhseasr,.benTedhn [-- perfluoroallkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 000378 a Ihtnohreirnitfneoarrtveeiedwwioslrwgniaotnthichmaapnvouelfytamocxetirucr,feterhcset,sse.wcIafosmuosnurogomgeessrtibecodPttEhAamtSefmuamoyrembeastfdoromregdanficom papootllayymmdeeerrmssoaanrnsedtvapethrioynsgspthtaahbteleesGetsIta,ebrsi2t0oo0f2v;ahriBigaohyuemsro,mle3ec0c0hu2a3an.ris3wmisgoshfattdersehoaactaothcneyho1 sh,ave 20000. Oe study, predicting the hydro sabity. avaible. though he | iSanthe0aslfvtetiss tstaeundgyinhgdafvreo1m0r1b-ne5rsyeaaptseyfrowreialschybclaeuterts,aunddulesstteoersmteo y5d00eysoburbfa oty | spFHoutrloyrroaicmbnaraoytclneahddteemnusitrcaehantledphaoupniorenlsoty(mso3eflMtv,hyia2ecp0wrh0lotagst)spe,ehsea,mtlesaspdomisinsggihbttloebtteheehrfydaorbrollmyesa:ettThohefeePsseAtSesr.pbetocnisdo hithvene |+|| 1eA0xtbrieanctitiniovnessottfuidgpyaotwleiydtmhienrP3EtrAreeSaltaterbdelattseextdtuicltyeelleaed thoastbheeernlpeesrefoorfmemde.nTohmeenorsganic fpteormuotrriannastfoerdmcatoimopnooufntdhse pTohlyomenrisinsoef tsheecsteiomno3n.o3m.e1rGsorcknerbse dfae,e3n0t00t)han 45 Bloconcenation BTSohlceooranecccaeurnmeturtlawatotiiopononss(aubapltpearkorecoeudstiserseicntilwyohmfiarcohgmnaitscuhabswttaoatnnec.uepatcackuemutlraotuesghinfaonotoyrngadni. patUuhcsutecatuolimlcouytln,aainftnooeglr/imbwneaahitnaedyvrsioo.purarSg,rianotcnnheeicpnKe.ogr,umcsoopnrefioefntinacitaeestndthu,etsuabbriebfoceaaaccuptcsraueenmdtumiscloetasotltriyoofnorargmhtoaantynbabceidohaodceecrrumsteudlaftiioomn ee secton 43.1) 2TcoFarance >120d PFOS (K+) 6300125000" 484 (edible), 1124 (nonedible), 859 (whole)| < 1 ! F2FTo C<l0o4a*rance 15 FTI GOT lTaobmlaeg4i5fiaAtviaolnabofe #310 po)" PdAtsSo1n)wHooaocedatymil.a5t0o2n.,3S)o.c2anc0anatarisoon.d 2001 (4) APM. 205) AME, 20020. 193 0) Mt ced 14 00 oCaTbhsnaeeidrasnvvehaadai:rbdvdlbelereya,ytewxeheclierigneahtl6eee3dx0ps(t0eeur-dei1imt2eeas5nb0tola0enl04bb.(ii9oo.MaaccoIccnuuomamuneudlltaiayanttisiotonun20sbf0ha2oco)ta,wocrtTschhaiGutsAmPRBtF)AsORofSonrbhsPiiuRogseOhcyScuwmeurieaes, ohcvoaemtrpaaecrscituoimnumlawatittiethndhtgehpeBrASuFCooFrfianFnadOteSBdMdFerdiavtaatiavvearleblmeetMaoboatdiyeed tao f(o2r0m0P0RnOgSensuts msinihnanasotbwhosaeteaxodpremyriienmxneponetwrisim,ebn2tefotrlhefiiBsthCvF(hRefaaovidrenPbioOwtAterdo(uNte)Hlaa,nbdwiat<sy5d(:eU4tS(eErCPmAui.en.e3d0T0th3oe)bfeat1n8essfor | reer Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment 8 a2 000379 Hvneome En hireee euitng ooniiene .: awan || ;on {forTM Jaen |! | wa | ates ; . s#or e FFor8:e2mFoIfOiMtehaswstattur deyr c(oRnPcT,een2tlr0ao0ts2ioRnedeapcedhenrtobgirocaomncsenetrantotn faecstotrgwaaisng the For other perfiuorinated substances no bioaccumulatdiaotna are svaiabie 46 Dibuton RsaTeopsiseaoae,ccheAvohasnoltulhtegeeh,enmthvohidsdopinrnmegqeknn(etarCdfyatbfyoo2pf0t0chu2te)oy.rrmeOaontsdleeyeldoirnnchegaeswfmaai4tcseasldtseniytmsatoiinisvagetno,tignglndg"gctGhaiMe ,nyg bei8Poh3ra6thv)igowxraasei(wCgdeadwitaIe2n030oe.0s).qoldueieectredriroGenehmooeduegi6fh0e0ep)ntdevrveello,pewodihboyfnsMcaEecOksSaiygea Compleat ee gue4.6. = EPTShnoaidvsereEciiCvoQnn'gcmsoodheveelelrmiwnaagttnperrredaeienmcdtvossetainlm8ne.c0eh/av2n0eis%m| , I ~ S~ e wx mm Sm SlKWoheoievsrateeralaespItrdehicdsaeickchctwaleradgateitsooatntpnsoaedrdwtiaisrtceihaoanaSrrtgebotessjpotriceo,etdtaoircrtaendd o= w| , iSrE| Ee ITE1mE Lda a removal by adjective flow GM, 1999). 47 Concsons nd commendations (iBnFihegaufcrkera4ye.e6tStclhoem1sa5t5ic6t)rheepreEsGeCntactioln of orraoomnrthiasecnhaapoteerston asovrdpaehlnont.,thdFaeotgrrmlaadantyoiodnamtiaanndodenduitrthirednbbauettshoeand.voi1rougorafrenPcEpoAmaSmnnenehdseedntoo ese gps of now. tirFweodantse,snhu3cgygee5sate7evdebhatanedth1-wG0Ee:aEe3rcOFtSIepEdO,hHneMa(.osmFuF openp)oHraFtmneO OaddSybnEsy-,crHSaF6lp.Oet2SefFAE ryT(oOEmHCtgFhhaenpHdwreaoBntder2urycFhc)ToiiOnnsHstdaton6ht2ss Tparecsaspronmduycttstdooanrtyahdbseetao bnfpaoomrtPeeEadOdSoiovnerPoofOnAF.AaSnThgs, m1echhealnhmtaytbeeEaCnE Tr nhaeysbea oprpaoi trnftiP.oEotAo ntSthhceeparn binmeahrbteyspudaggreeislotenednhgwaimtthePKcFoOhwS.aanHy;odrrospehiocabticcshaenmdshoerrpycno.roFsor VPEiiRronnslsanrdspeueismspercnsoohdvabwenetydarksa5wc2nutcT.oTOhnesseiapdrpeeilhdrimeisnaoarrcyphieondspfsotemessaupepoourtsed by per pigemens. CPb ThaFenOpc eer otsosdTrrhraeeo dmeecasdhvtiueosns fld,eyEsCeahFnopwrrpironoodgduhucceattnsspaoeotfrtasdstfeeeenccgctrerecodafmditbyasandetsecugPibsrRsaotdOfaannSrtcieoP4.n1O,dNApPoFnohOroAoyf s -_ Wi Perfluoroalkylated substances - Aquatic environmental assessment 43 000380 E2thIneFdOeS0sEEt,eFrdeOscpheSecmtEiicvceaAallnys.bcaeonutdrdaanbscefyotrrmaaencdsifdboyrmyedrbysg.htFOnolyrtmhmemaiecranotsegts MiFs. O vpuTrunholdedneuepcrrteassbru,lluefonutrroaaldtdimiesilcn8gc2pFchnooTtnodlOoiyftsiii6s.os2 pn,asrbptureietarislfunluldytoiitrrnoergocaticnntpsauhfnnoteodoreslmnuysltetifidosoinnPea,tFeaOvwAoavist8a ed3OeHg1sre1aagdr1deadds5asi toonn study NpFoeelretaiibonlrtehaedlcatocamhprileentaoefvbtraleoalmkeodronswnc.tahnTnhdoertgerbaeadrabetivioaodrneiogoursatdsrueangsgfeosrimoantsiotnhotftfhleuorimnaitgedht}|i organic polymers. ! b{8Teeh5lee9onm(beriwerohpaaoocklrcoetuhesmdouhll)a.5t:iP2oFnOOfAHhaarafdcolbyriotbcFoocOnoocSnenctiesrn6att3ri0ao0tn-e1f,a2cw5ti0ot0rh0o;4f tbBseCtbFwooeceofnnc81e57.n<ta0antd.i1on1T0hf6aachtaosrs || PmbWiaFhotOeaeAncrcawduiielmsucnelholaatertegviveeoafdpntoo0rEwabOatteeSetrrw,hoieFmlmOttohaSsketwwppiaalotcerepr.atraptTihnahaletslreyea,fanoardonedn,otmhwaeettonesrto3,rs0pstecaidnooidnmmpseenptdoitamneelnstorganic plreiam.arPyFcOoAmpdaoretsmneonttbfiooraPccFuOmAulate. Therefor, water ehetovbo tehe not 43 Refreces U3nMi,te1d57S6ta,teSsadofeAgmreardiactaon studies ofuorocarbons, , St. Paul, Minnesota, o3fMA,me1r9i77c.aAlain hydrolysiofs FM 3422, 3M, St. Pau, Minnesota, United States : P3aMu,,1M9i7n8nae,so"tSao,il UThniinteLaSytearteCshorfAommaetocgernaphy FC-95, FC-143, FM-3422, 3M, St. ! A3mMe,ri1c9a785, Adsorption of FM:3422, 3M, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of U3nMi,te1d9S7t8a,tesAdosforApmteiroincoafFC:95 and FC-143 om si, 3M, 5. Pau, Minnesota, 3UnMi,te1d97St8a0t,esBioofdAegrriadcaation studies of fluorocarbon i, 3, St. Paul, Minnesota, M3iMn,ne1s9o7t9a4,,UFnCi.t9e5d,SPahtoetoofsAmsetruidcyausing simulated sunlight, 3, 5. Pau, M3iMn,ne1s9o7t9a6,,UCn-it1e4d3,SaPtheostooflyAsmserstiucday using simulated sunlight, 3M, St. Pa, M3iMn,ne1s9o8t1s,, Unit3e4d22S,atPehsotoofyAsmsersitcay usin simulated sunght, 3M, St. Pau, Tb3hyme,iNg1eh9t9hp4e2er,rafDnoedmtsaernmcienaqtuiiodn cofhtrhoempaatrotgitriaopnhyco(eHPfLfOi)e,nN(Or-ToOcXta,ncsl/ewrattoeg)enobfoTs-c5h8.74 bTy3hMe,iNg1eh9t5hp4eeprr,afdnoedrtsmearnmcienaqtuiiond ocfhtrhoemaptaotgtroapnhcyo(sHfPciLeCn)t N(OvT-oOcXa.nc4lHwearttro)goefnt7o5n8s6s5, Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic enonmental assessment a a } 000381 estes ainndan-stu ot tation y als might *_ Tanhtuectoris | Hooks | . o"Virngeire |i ne | on dsm | mst wot on, con, .. .. || srs | 7 oh, "5869, | | 330, 1995, Asseosf soacmcuemlantitonpropertes of ammonium Anca perfluorooctanoic acid: static ish test, 3M, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of 3eM,y1996,vDetaerminaCthieomnicoaflphSyuseicyo-tcuhetmiec,al ipdr.opYerotkioeshaofmasa,mpslpeanD-1(English 3M, 19993, Study ofthe stabofiMleFiOStEyA in aqueous buffers sing gas c3h84r,Poam1ah9t9o9Hg5ir,manTprethasyancslwtpi,otrhUatnabiittoeremdeficeSoenmmtiesDnsaovoifinoArntMomandeceemrtkeienacsctytaailoonnc,o3mhpMearsEtncmvwiernaotnsrme(nUptugarAliCttLiayobnoirnagtory. Orta Caantaodms. Mackey Ensfonments Reseach 1. Peeorough. 24h, 20008,EPhFOe;oDse, tWheeronmfetmihatnn-oonacdt,tan1oi,lWoaEstnteonP,aMratnojnarCdo,efUfnikeendtby S 340, 2oef0Ame0Tsrhie0caar5nabi,iccBiiodwegarsadtateison ovfeNs-tEmEeOnSuEdsgeeo,hoPlabceyAthne myicarobSiearlvices imeapols, Mesos, nedStatesof America 3eM,a2m00,06a ,MMeicsrosbinaleAmrme,tiasbnoil1ie0sdmbS(oBadioetdgeegrorafaddAaamtoieornni)cp.arSntgudbioesmofLipbeorrftlauroreoso,ctIann.e 2sM,e20a00r4, ,MicrMoabiis:aslAamcheuntsatslsUsndt(ieeSdodbSeorgdrteagdoaaaodtfttiAionmo.eincS,tsaSu.pdiiensgobfoemrLuaoborroaotcortiaense. 3e40.n20i006mp, ,MeisUcn.rtoedpmuSreaeittsauobrfoeAe(stdnuedcyg,araSdpaitnigohno)r.nSLtaubdoireastoorfiepsr,fIuncs,rWoaocrteihnaem, 348.4,22000000,twoerkionf WpriolglremssAonWeepnvpirreornmfeontOa.lHefartmeaannddetrr,anUsSpEoPrAt,IAWp,rSt2.8P,au2l0,00 i3a4r1,ns2n0o0r0st,UVnooileudntS nary Ue sooeofnaAndmdes erE(ixcpFaoSsPur.eSiL.nfPoarumla,tMiionnnPersooftlae, United sates of p3n40,oa200n13,acommoenntsoaf 3anm o1nsOaEsCD,'s3S.ep1t.emPbauelr,2M0in0ndsrcaftt,sUenistsedmSetnoetsfof Pera 3o14, 20s018,aSniesasdfsoonrapttio(nFdeOso.rption EsntvuedoynomfenptoatlasLsaibuomratory, st. Pu. 30F3054h,L2e0a0m,1i,,USneMltceechdtgeSadnf,torUaooncfithAteemdmeeirSicscltas ioafAtthmeeerDieccsaatur, bam aes, Ente nc. 340, 20016, Environmental Maritorng Mali Study. Water, Sud, `Sediment, POTW Efiuent and Landfill Leachate Samples. Executive Summary, 3M E3n40v,ir2o0n0mteen,taTlheLa1bo8r-adtaoyrya,erSot.biPcaubli,odMeignrnaedsaottiao,nUsntiutdeydoSftpaetersfuoforAsmoerciacnaesufonyl Sbasedtocfheeamimstersiess, Pace Analytical Services Inc. Minneapolis, Minnesota,United eeprom Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment . 45 000382 M3pieMnr.nfle2us0oo0rt1oa1o,,ctUSancnireteeesdnuilSnftgoantsaettsuedoi(fePsFAOmoSne),rtih3eaMaqEunevoiursonpmheonttoallytLacbdoersgtroanyd.atoriopnfau, 3EnMv,ir2o0n0m1e5n,taHlydLraobloyrsaitsorrye,actt.ionPsauolf, pMeirnfnleusoortoao,ctUannietesdulSftoantaetseo(fFAOmS)e,ri3em p3Me.ru2o00r1cho,cSacnreoenaicndgs(tuPcFiOeAs),on3th4e United States of America Eanqruoenomuesnpthaoltobloyrttcodnegyr,adSatt. ioPna,ofMines || 3EMnv,io2n0m0e1n,taHyldrLoalbyosraitsorry,eSt.aPoaclf,petMrifnlinueosroootoacn,taUnnsciitceadcitdat(ePsFOoAf)A,m3erMica ! 3lUne.ictheo2dl0S0(t1Na,t-eMHsyeodFfrOoAlSmyEesirAsilrcceaoahcotli,on3so0fE2n-vi4rMonemtehnytpaelrLfauboorractoarcyt,an5e.sPuafonaMmiimdoesEcy | 3cUnMoi.htoe2dl0S0(t1Na-,tEe1HoyFdfOrSAoEmlyeAsrliicscorhaeoalc,ti3onMsoEfn2vi-rNo-nEmtehnytlapleLrauboorraotoocrtya.nSet.suPfaounamMiidmoe)s-crhysi + bI3niMto.ecmo2ant0ci0eo1nn,ialrP,aetEroafnsltutooenrs,otcMwtiaatrnhyesltuahinefdob,nlauUtengeii,ltlped(oLSetpoaamiossstfamlAsatmeceir(nPocuFscOahS.m)i.nsA, fWloiw-ethrough 3MaMn.ag2e0r0,2Apnetrwseornpa,l cBeolmgmiuunmication with Dr. Sianaeve, European Toxicological AMPaMyE,200220,02D,orAdsrseocchitat,iTonheofNePltahsteircaMnadnsufacturers Europe, Presentation at DuPont, MSaanyaeg,e2r0,02L,evpeerrksuosneanl,cGoemrmmuarniyc.ation with Or. Sewekow, European Toxicological aPehteirbo2r0o0u2g,h,peOrnstoanrailo,coCmamnuandiacation with Or. T. Cail Trent University, dfeHotaregcietnno,artOeFdT,hmBeeteablbioeolt,Jir,taenJssotbhonyrsmoangt,iaosInOc,ohfV1reo4nm,kaat1to4eg,srw3aHap,rh,2iHcP-,hpe1eu9r8mf1um,cirCcohrdaoerwacacavtneecr.yipztaastisosn of perfuorcocanoate, Anal. Biochem. 118, 336.343 JspruoernsvkeeenyrtisantgNi.otnhKeiaatopcS,cEuLT,rAedCnecEVeuorooogfptpe,e2rP.f0u02o20r,0i2nV,aiteOenpdntais,umriAfsuasactttriaionantsofnavnaalryitoiucsalmmaettehso,dspfoosrer || PsKuDal,nfnoHanenalt,le,Ki,nE,KmoNaiysrtiminaneenn,m,aM.m.meaGcliksem,se,EnnJ,vFi,rK2o,n0.0Ev1aSan,is,ATcT,ceucGmhounrlzoae,tlia3on5ny,,o1fJ9Fp,93eH.rafn1us5oe9rn8o,oeKt,inJcones, | aKPleabrnaintuaronor,sosKo,,ctFEarnnaveinrssoonun.l,foJcnCia,.tBeToiewncehfrnimsohal-,ne,s3t5Wi,nWg3,w0a6tH5ea-rn3s0bei7nd0,sKn,coJconiensg, bPaDl,dGsiesyg,sJa,g2. 0h, EKnevyi.ro8n0.,SHao.wTlec,hnRoOl,, 3Cr1i,dl2e4,4C55-,34195947, Fluorinated organic nthe biosphere, cKeoym.po8u,ndHsobwyeP,sReDu,doCmriodndaise SCpS.,S1tr9a9i8n,DD2,eEnfviruono, Sri.oifTnoercghaannotolf,iuo33ro,inn3e28s9ul.f3u3r87 MeTonaxvc.ikraCoyhn,meemDn,.taD1li5,Gfaut1ae6r2odf7o-,a1vA6,3a7Parteiorsfeotn,typ,yesCoofwcahne,miCcEa,ls19u9s6i,ngEtvhseluatQiCngmtohdee, Env. --re-------- Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic envionmental assesment 46 000383 i a " Minnesota, " | odora-etnhyl || i| stots, n | tied ouront, ogea aot * or wssates ci on, "Saar esMaoretmiant,srJmo,faMSatEboTrnAyC,tVioeSnm:ma3o2tn+ ,eK. Mslc,mae0r, et2n0o0n,rDieataroy aoccuvmulratsieonnaantdo Ma Shar2i0,0m23,coMa tota,tiDs CoGf,arMboooodrmyst,oCsAna, mtEless,dDpoAr,egKarannso,a.nWdCa,nraSdloChmaorn.5K,i.7,4M5ab8u4ry, 59 MPMoiotedenyi,,m2C0A0a,2,MaDrSatticna,asIurbmsiKtetieadnt,bryaeWMCrs,F.dMoMiiuSst,uroerOisCgroG,,aeMMtiaetbreounSir,yuC,Morio4lika,,noo2E,0v0bit2aa,vlnyMioarhir OoTlescehnen,olG;W3a,6t,S5v45iu.5oI5M1,rsMnanc,delc, Zobhel.e8,y19e9r,sSeroumcpehrtruoreoocparnodeuction oye Ey: Enron ae 41.95.306 Tem 357 Renner, 2001, amnion Growing concern over perfluorinated chemicals, Environ. Sci. SSCaorblhejcom,.eA,hpGasetre3noh,HA,vEVeea5rnh4amdas75r4,eH,anHtetrsmeonfsL,Jo, K19o955, QLSoAkRKomodEeolingof sol `rRSemeavrvte,arBEet, 1iU9n9o4.,cCChoaaruampcteeerrisctiicpsolfeCs-Fanstyscteomsm, ien Brankpsp,lReEstetoanl.s(rd.a), m199P4e,s, TRhPe,N2e0t0h2e,iTnodosmer Reseach Program, Presentation at DuPont. May. Dordrecht, UFSeEaPAr,y2020020,30r0a8,tWaasahidngtsoens.sDm.eC.ntnofepdertuotreosoocfaAnivceanadan s als, rVannodLoecsiowoenn,KCo1w,eHrehrmeeandse,rAMi,,1995A,rsRtekstausm.sTeonetNtohfecahnerdise, An wVimisnoieeness, Ei,onBdosmcseonuctrhoCat,AnVCi,oMeCdllyrouokfia,nOdAt,CLaenABdraCs,CGa,CWedngPexrs,iJ,iCSiiademobfot3tt0orm8, 8H,5210020, YpBieirntaenus,ocMd,oeAcuTrioiunolelao,r3S,4661.9in9a0h,emTiaystsuhe19ds5is0t,Srii4nbgu5lte4iom8nvaanpdereltiomnineantisonaof mt, LC | Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment a7 000384 Paucralatntsurstamots be = hypticmiommntisomgunt " 000385 -- 5 Occurrence in the environment 5nT4e pieantrofdourcotsonioy echnproesfefnuto1ritahteesdennocvthierwmoeinlcmlaelnKstn.owAnp.ser2IsttessthsoshweonwisnneccttahitoanpP4tE.eA4i.rS.1) Te ie emoe th acbcluooottdnaenpaeoanmseranNeonarmndenhnaevtvmeeAbomefeebrniiocptaau.nblbVhaoerdti.ouMsopsutbolfitchaeansetdoipwnuiotbtlhnhiesceatgiuodnss 1 eesaon trse WanstthienNEeutrhoepretaanndusaotnliyotnhesereaimvianrly, nonevewed fess of one study are sual 52 Analytical techniques (sed on Gisy & Kanan, 2002) 5GC ee2n4era aGe ernemeart siresermuarofkrosotlhlsykltcehdesrubtstaanrceecsuhraistsyatuIenddperraedrletvaspyrhmreeecnevnattlliayd.nadtTihhoeneasnd Oteeet neorsfcnsieseyonocfPmPmaArnSeeyfaednoranelsngycsofeiiosnmhgaPastvAteeuSdrnioneatesvebadeisnaubtceeronesdtwhoeorumktarCUkuenrtttefnnotrolaywry eafrma eothsodtsaoerdPn EAsuSbsdteansccesi.edSnetohweatheorrautrdee.scrpion presentoedf 5ST2e2e eQualniy tatisvneomeedctoshhfo,iodqgss uaensictacshmnoteludeh ctouroloetns eacncaatnbhblaeetodenentatetnraodmtinXnio-etrodeanybhfyaolrtdueqoasrlutlearsbucnocelftnoiicgvecee.caa1Ttl0hlndeysoef eo mSeeaftueodnnaregcuoemspocuonndtsi.n (oLlsyIomnpoortrannt atom (ey et. 1597) e uaerienvoagnaeniacaocuootmnpo:onuhnTodwshevcsearne,scfhogiorbqsoeauumdsspelctheoeasnrvdmSeiiwtnbieeoeedntnsbeayurrs,eceord1me9fbq6ouu5rs;rtdeiKdeointos,er,cro1mn9vie8nr6toinIagn a oeoemcckema.neotnae.nntdPbPtaAhtaSot.gimbaceuaatlstuhreeampeptrhoyalcehneis.bnoln--sspceicivfeics(ubvsitnaenecetsahla.ve 05m, e 5B 23 Gn d eccopsmsusacavscaetmasaptneotcgisaopmcannebeyrdfiecotledroemtweiecndteidbonyus(diMengocotddoeynr&actFaaitepi,nd19tt9ee3c;hcnoMiqnouoe(dsHyag&en a. HOS has xow apout pressure, and dervaivesae unstable 5B24oEWi pArCto5oemi5acnaTccinedecqsoupnipceidncctarhiarotonimooanftsotiginrsbaimpoehloytghi(ocHadPlLsCai)mtpalneeddsfhtuaocvreebrsvecieeonncnemmeedeantsteuacrteidon samples. ee sag3hPerfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment. 49 000386 -- cF5Noa2anec5cebneetweamtneaisognneseottfourmoeensssoutnreeadnP(ccAeShNeAmRcio)nntcaamnlibnoeatguesseedwastemdresteeurmrNinieW(hetaechyniqouees , h260a50ta7.tmheT5.hF3e).7NIFMnNRtAheItR1e9rc7es0hu,lntsPwvEeeAreeSsctoammmptaaerndedbtlhwoeiotedhmLheCr/eMosS ndratas.eposmvgooetprps qruaentriteatiwviethNaMdRdtoencshgiersoGuasgeeaonapr19o9c.sresoncemisnonts oneal n5Clo2cim6opepoHrusunardPyvesytesCaconfidtsechmemmeeatnhsvoidsrspofenocmrheasnmateyi tiyn(g Pi PFALSoifCo nPEgSHASPGLnCwnmegaitsiovthefoont2001) es | csCmoiminncaeeonsdt&ahitKnieaponrrnnosavnimen,mebe2ind0ct0lso7agcKlannaenaeddneedtn1vaico2cn00mo1em8nm:toKtmaaatenihcseo.ae 0n,dosrooA mnoeyptFoiongsPEAS 53 Freshwaterenironment sIPUeaFndnOiicStml,eeldnPetS,cFrOptaAutbaaoefniAdmtcmpFeoeiOrwieSncsA.eadhDIaevnvcceealstubudmreie,enngnotaklnwiaealnyr,ssgeCd(iwoFneoOraTm,Wvb)rsseastafiyengosfsvmmeSeandeaiFccacoeseercnrittesaninndthe oeSr lisnyduc.shraliyiueis.d.ICn ltvheesaencdiasnproRruaSts. aLtuecdecaheecmoinntasesyoopromerreed I. | |i | 1|1 w 000387 | aus dyetal, hnoeesnty Saots - ee vesinthe aentnee,s -- CT Re Fsroorna Ey | fm ePrFOST(us og/LmorewakTa)ow [o= m[ [TF| La wa orgvam ewes[a 0 | TNo__[oow [No [Wo | om aaey f[5o27 [nroena owmo [|08 [Toe IpCRos| Fore pmcri--{owoer om Lo wiohrealLe Fs rom or me easTuwome_T[eoormwweAT[moTeeo T[TEn IT eemrpror o[rCeovan [[f7sooow5e rwr|ooe[Wwoo _Je[ro[oomrmmmaa [[roWoIT|TpTToe Fsorraen-- f[[oormomemef[[owvoe ouowosmmee o[omf[ o[roe o [10TET ores Fo rov mmeTrorw a_a na [eorw [ve [ee1 T 01 Le TT Foeproerrrsa me{[ [vev wo ww e euwoe_[ vee 1 o 1 TTS rommes----o(mw--owoe w we rme e Le IE te PeEFRseOaesndaFOf wrseavr.e rds=endointaqoe utamne reegsNs.Cvo.ef=rrgoeets || +F7O0eSc5wwassddetec00d0mtstefene,evaaarlowweesdrbyeFerOmRpfoonurndtdaFitOnSFeAOdTailWl GsnMui,g,20l0T7h)elow O Taee nw odb. usweroeofrsFshAnsaSwr.eed a Deprcease.ntThehreeco4nftrolocehesrica perfluoroalkylated substances ~Aquati environmental assessment 000388 51 -- ho [po aer re Ee fit] . EferrL m L aw (TEEEgrSTTnCTyosT vaogn S w d2 oA c o weoe]E eth TAhe oanbnnioenhfepaatnubcecwua oenim tehs gyc 87Htd 1n0s3es sms. ePthetaehosr,tacyoaonniatn,hF8O5. eSsatwrCcrovevva HIhe reiyrceiwetscvnnobonr Bceenptcs tahs sror nATr E L E faL ryL L AL fLwSJ-- f3 of] E r ff[ e eo E o LL m o 1 f J-- fLSc] oyn a r EEo [L= Lw w Iewh c a Ttwwe m --ffaerhreee]] EE --[8 Tm ot tsww LwLSoL e] Em IeTiEonEew C n leo L afsw waom oShehra NFf r er] ] Ts a erieiy en i EEeo _-- Perflucroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment 52 - 000389 . oToootdya a- atant FF spill 001; => = = oAR a &= 3 - 5 SA E <<5 totes fdNuooowPrrEcsAhtSeemwaeamasotdveeptreemcsteeo.d uPp0st5rewamsoftthhequspaonrita.tTehleycmoonsttammipnoartiioannsis read iSmTnhaogenhuuscuPrrtRfueOarcSei5.n4nw(gdaaPmaceiEotfnOtyelitnrvavte,hlre2ucU0pr0Sse0tA)arseraaesmdsadenoedwndnaoswtmnesaatmsrefafomormoptfeahufoprmaomcmaheaesmosiescsalacants wFFo|s @PFOA 3~ PFOS and PFOA Levels in the TN River 300 PC:fC bm } 400 hhh resvoremenTioed a iar 2 . " o 320 300 280 260 mIFniadgincuaaetce5.ut4hiePgFloOcpSaltaainnotnd(orPfatFnOsheAniLnoecsvo,mlMiit3nnig0eet0hMfe0aTrtkeenrrsomehReivefr,ucTrhoeeimneieats301 mie Theaccurotfetlnomceer inthefshwte environmenthas not ben reported, 5.4 Marine environment Nmaondnaetsa aireeavaeinlvabilreoonnmetnhte occurrence of perfluoroalkylated substances in the 55 ton 551 The Nethaiands & elgium baP`eUnRndtnOitlSphneeinorewfvlaoogrrniimolaeuyndsoomn(aVtesaihsnnteudSedayeVniodvneestthuetaroaicnceur2or0er0ng2c.ae noTfsiPsFsAtShuedinywatrhseetDeeutdcShcthheenepvriersoenmnmceentofhas All samples that were analysed contained detectable amounts of PFOS. The (ShiePgalhuaersnotdnatevhceetrtsagupelractoyenscsseahn)otrwraeotdmitocnhosnec(e1sn.t7uruagtai/ognsStiabsmseputelw)eesweeonrfe4S0ohb.s3ie3r0vae3nddinaplsaoirceeth North PrU`CeClposoniutcmrehanatbSmrleayato,iftontnhhdseesiWn1e5reT2ersistsueospmtaeSre5cussh(nLeeoutdssrctceuupsura(eaypso.e)unttVdianognn) wfdegoehrreietvoteehrreeolnSotwrcoeehstNe:2deb0e0tt0swreoaen.y36 ichpo0rentotchdUeurnnctteir.ennagdvtiifTSoolnahunstormeroeeosncwshstneehemsoi1wece0eaalddssemutcihatsaoiotfovpnttear5ehal3tlip)pnraeg(on.dtfauoScsrnatmstispoolpnmieosenttsgraetsnwee1ea2sr0ee0aox9epf.celucTFotorrefeoodrrcehttaehoomrieioec,oNahlniegplhoaeefnrPtrtAihn,aSn 53C 5522 BfuUsOpePn E 2001) andSuKraonpntaannasend cdoprse,r h20l0s1,5cASoArPrhv,exg, sE C wordfise h,e tuna aends osahlnmeonr.mniaR0etbss9ohu-vela4etns5mdL0aaO1FrrGeeO.NsiShoTbohwanwensnoihfisifngtdohhtueeaansbrstdleesPsim5.F.a5aOO.nlArslPscayFamOomfpSplen.lecwecossnsecaaaenmnnnpatdlreeiahstsoeiwonen,s iee nnseedddeerF tsC ewetraeOiBgh itneodrgaunoisrmoscvahrieedmcwitohivnesboLoOtG.anFoOSrocfdomnaecgenrrn vers of exesrromsEmsetwaaGsesqrhumaeannycotanncaedntPirneastnimdonoohafavlPeRsbOaemSepnlweiast.nhsymTsheer,defbvorii#1sa05tdey Eat of saemplyes bferoomve19p7v5e-d1(9a69nnaanndertoam,1A9S9A0P-)1.99T5h.erefore So vals Atiest one monittaoreninn.gosatosugdtyroiesunnddPeFcnoSwnaceyevninastSwwoeendrseenn,cfbTohsfepormneiunifpnonloyutmeedssesosf E i tentn s se nokyh asovuriceshGeraemfsr,i20n02g). fas hd been used 5 No data f-orthe occurence of-eames in bitain Eu-- rope are avaible Pe eee ot T [Reco Ee TTioeor iver mas [iver [[[464|[[mGuoceacaieeioy[|20s2s00c10o0n2 |} | [1feo Ten | oFmoe eeeT TaCaelmoowans T[whsusoss ee iors Ememars [iver [[11 [[7d7oa [1 0 T[duoo [so | Fo pe ame Eopitaeesssaeenssd Tbotcses [[|tiuvWeshrocmsued[[[27187[[[5ss2euattetron1|[8.2 [iver 2s|sstcisoiion[50 || |J} PEFFooe e o e eseT ssT|ioCoarsaaotlaosgeeoons[[vewerrs[1[w1722h[[10m1a0eGa_asci_on_tu_n_1i||.s-oo(ci1ooas}d)|| oPoe ed aemnseega [Ousntes Tpoastos1099 PRS [[Bvleoord T[53s8[[[andraoguoeann [ d|ics(o=ioin||| EFF oo o ore OETos uotteotsostvalioossisoeaa[[[tiohvweemerradar[[[Ezu+5r2opT[les.1dcM2eocat00ni0c_g0o_nc_e_r[lissaaocoouneiaas veJn|| waaswfo wLrO,Gnwrde dnen/armedfboyl<o(oGeVyalesKanapna,t2e00n7t;sKannndanset tas Kam 31 ASAP) _ .He udes, "ations. =vere iration ) :o"entoruoodsec, sortues are. on: a 0270) 139 55 3 w= Si5en5vfeo3rramlaGtpliuoobbnlailicsaaatcvicoaunarsbeanleceeaonvscobnlceenotnsthoensgoofaPl ooccuirnrwenicetosffErAoSm ei tbitr, eorst. In tables 5.6J3ee5obs1erv3ed in biota from North America and other part of the world are presented. cindaivnidbuaels.eeConncfenotmrattaibolnes5.inleagrggse wdeirfeerhnigcheesrctohualndcbeooncbesnetrravteidonbseitnweeernand Cmuosnccleen.trations of FOS in whole bod of bids were ls than those in bad MpCboilsadaeswrnmvaaesyd(d.sAeaoCerletaoastb:hlneaPnc5R.cO7)oeS.nccnLaoarrtvognfaertPidcFioafnOefsStewrinenienpctreoersermcbnusea0cts-fwht1re0hoeimintgfoihenotdtniviiiasdusralw.eapenaeimecaslss wserrnerone wpItnahretmetuseschtmoee(lniadrdnsmn(hoatsaantnbltdenea5t,.oe8c)3t,v0e0iden2vf8au0rmoi.iarbniAlknny,ioTetPhdhFeecOrsShupwgoeaesssmstfeeodCuxonrndpesasotbomonmovaetntihorsenLrenOQo.skFOSAswasr. fr`borimoeamcroceurmmoeutleuatiaonrnespeot(eKnastnninadalnnofePtdF1OS.u20Co0sn2cr0eensrtsrwatraioensSigofNTsPcFaOndStiyn phe morn mink ando.tter rbIlnoiecemmartaoviitoenndle.ocfmsTfiaheoemenmdmsiaonlggtsu((pdlbooslawreeur5e.xs9ephxsooperrvletargsanilvae(tpsKaihtuotitoengnrhrsenensdreiccnruoPeanRncOceBSemoscosonbneicsceonntoraatnniocnes ctsoudogbere `Within species a high variability in PFOS concentrations between individual `organisms was observed. acFobenlwceesn5at.mrp1alt0ei1osncosafnbaebmtepwhceioebnnicalinunsddeaidnvdtihdraeutptfrileoersphtaesvseibaenednfnogsses.grGomrhee dsai0n S eNTohmreltehdaoAtmcaeaprtriecosane.nsCtowendecieenntctarboalneto5ir.ds1icohauodowwneotrhabhteaPQnFoOraSsncisoencodebntosrrmaetairronys isn bya"fonmd PpLoaoreegebedieafaefrnreontcmheesseSwveeearfacolbrvteSnreeldohcbasteitoeenssntdtehleoaswieuermecaos1npc7eencisaovomnseon sneepsetsoos: SMrheaotnowysfmhthoaerwFodaOrtdSa. acHrooenwaceavvnesrr,abtionofsmrpormaerthheeoeUnntiotfeitdnhieStatataevshofoiAmmedormihcagsteahaemneos:mE1ts9he)ed tHoyigidhteranfohmEEuurrooppeea.nHsoewse.vePr,OtShecoFnOcSencyoanbcoennstrnatrioenmotvasfoo ncssch Nodataontheoccurofetelnomcersein botre avaiable. | | Perfluoroalkylated substances - Aquatic environmental assessment 000392 55 1 == e [Coen[engsnvaos [cas Corowa |Weave [ow {2| 4015535) | [070550 [Corowa Son |[ MegaWnwao as w[[Weaonen|v [3|[aTROAEeT s CC [mio ce A Nl ay |Meganaios [wwe |W008} [Chnaaxsamon| Wegarvates [Chooser| WSeaggnavant.es [ow [woe [8[TOGO 7} [8 [TT0I 06013007 [TCoaOnbcleenr5tr6astioPnFs Oar[eiMngiiovaenmannadnrvgce/rgatweebtrwatte|sforfwomgo8Nyooolrkt,ehverrerA|ma1en7ndcam.3us1cM2leecanlndoan-g/2g5) odeynoeteeidghbtyf<r. Meyastaern. Vaarluceaslciunlaptaerdenotnhyesfoes itnhdeicdaetteecratnagbel.e oVbasleurevsatbieolnosw(LGeOsQya&e Kannan, 2001, Kannanetal. 20025). [PmoownsCsrsmdcomoas|em_s_G__e__e__ |moeseod p ROT | eedpO [opmoeCCrsidadCCaomar| an__ [wWip_ agous_ Varios_ Caron_ [[epoeeY_ voeu _ [[7025_ +9 | pomsCreme Fama See [cw Gatos [wr [WE | eos |p [BED] Pomme Pomoma [wc | ero [ooo pee| owFro | o[ | e reTs ha pe et feoc axe 7[pt 7e6o07r0] Bw comet | __ ree fwoemon pw w p[pweeess]| poem Bowe pmoencn | eppreers ] wppeaee] omen Frama gu |pe_ a ou _ oan So_ ares_ coo w_ ow _ [mp joeerrw e)] ffro omromoey ewc anx c Jooee preRcoOroRn)| fF| ormemngme fo emme ___jpo e THTE ow fommmae [jpe w FEBTREE Ere ooret [ow Fee Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assesment : 56 0393 in Tm7m_H0-- =BT -- _-- olm y| aT oiGedl S_o-- sro] -- feSam rmrr] mTwFooronr--]] p=oa]m; feualim p=e0 as 5 o-- mri e L na TjB R ows GJTaoelkobnlbeainda5e.r7bedliyv<Fesrs.GMvienVisalupesissiscenivcopraadorceupansrnttpebhseleiasrdsedmsoasianfnndryiddocmowehNoorlrtenhbeeAlsmoeoerdS icaaen.d Mionenagn/oS gwciwodOmaezceteQnwttureafoionesgg etal, 2001b). C ee Tec mEo fl ho= iwlmi)f e fr fe Br Fforroom eeer--.E [etm r Crwemr erejozos e a h]iC er ac rr Table fppSE H ereceeeemLe :Dn wh (I| C ee=of[2weo|eN sONpe[wsumwmsmra]n]] North 5.8 Concentrations of Perfluorochemicals America. Mean concentrations are given in in livers ng/g. of Mink and ofter in awe FEE i SEEa y mr e| m e -- b grwEoEeee rr b ep ww w prey s] s-- Table 5.5 Concentrations of PFOS in Livers, kidney and brain of -- ie ePetruflouorrooallkyyltaeteddssaubnseta-nAr qcuaete isc ee nvironmental assessent 000394 57 Fi-- ioe rMlana[[ rtHeGnR cgronwe m s{m{Tae8m0+ 0{ps|Tmer9i0on0m3 Norbert em ren 1 8 aecbroon. o(0s0 ho oe toon [1 ow ] [ os re[a ea WAam r omoet sns[wSaowe [[[23[z% a Hr arre[ [vys oimAAopTT omoso eO--e r[[Owe Ron [[[[ 37+w |W0 e a e Tora m [FWoooismeemre n [[i [oowwmr o[[[A20ro[7aesc@lre|) [[ FerrsP aa PF o oeTr [[wo a en [|5[s s%we || i amet Sm en |ow ||sowrsam)| EeR E e rpere e [ [smp a L sr [[( Pweeweedo E[[Ln w[w Leeee SSeammaan oFavwa ee on [[beF([a7[[eweme PESTaesL Tsoie.AossTaLp dIRorrm dAwrec de e neog He rLOeG r nee b n omwaehntaceooncoptrhafoaaent |||| al, 20010). | [-- Perfiuoroalkylated substances -- Aquat environmental assessment 58 000395 =Go ry | TShinodn k a -- % j-- E-- w w -- 5 = sr] =| --_ ---- = R| S wiw! -0 ua h=e r;e net Te (l [I soo E: r A LH E i Lg|EB E | ol Hl H Hf EH) =) | Dolphinfver Se Seallver Sealbiood Tee Tunabver Cormorant Eagle iver 16thArca BEirope mere| |--_-- -- Figure 5.12 Comparson of POS concenatons between Noh Amercs. rope Sanngdi/rogemowkteetwcotnfceontrearti,on(s. iMeya&nKcaonnncaenn,tr2at0i0o7nsKaarengainveon ti1n nSg/0mL1foKr bolorod aornd 56 Av re coSD ulblscteadncset.ihn ag. hThersoeaaumtehodre sstdeetTecrteodnf)oramnadtredtsoseb-- aan spormyes [[FEErFOoSA TTh[aeWoatmremasuod| [[pLTrrOriDrr=5oL7mr5iCm oIofmencEciteitnonatiofJ oFnAsSr1RCara] n 5 mies Matin et al 2000), FaTihceSoeautEmoCpfFlesprxfoodsutmcettmsphatnreddutmahesrstesertstehlmooemwneetrdsscdweeomrnodmseaterecarteedodwatehnrdscqoeuncimmtaeteioniornrsT.orwoonrtiol Puonnated chemi in sr - Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 000396 59 57vuman spore J maneeexeponseuredtoroaowcryogr Ba rfifnuaentdtheaeserbsesncnooobnsned-rxovcsehd,aansmgepealbyylion1r9r6d3e.eTntaavSbseiu nmooalecncueledTeetve miiongopsfmtaneeaclnoynttsetamnetthwoidtsh tinheeprcetsenyecaerso, fathfeldareotcaaboinn epirtaaSettohorrvoegmdpaoiauonnRsdasnohthveraeapiihnompgpereaonvpn,erdsn.oornA(-mlBfteiuhldnoceuta,ginho1nt9tah5hle1r.roecgnhua.osrwanbdceaenysosf1oPmEeAgdSeeirnbey e Cai nevHtsoaonafd Fch7oeaw0yo5nrarkndpedrosrP1eF9ad9nO%dAt;hGiaGmtalpPnarRondOdduScatanindoMdnMaPawnFnaddOkeeAlea1spc9uc9wbu6ilm;tiuhsOlhaaesntdeeonodxteichnpthtt,uwimoo1an9nd5 ram and ver g5h05.aned PaFOaArseeruOmycontchentlraetsionisn wi hocecurpaftioomnaltlhyeeCxoptaasgede wGorrokveersplaraenirnte E eordeere mtoecoooofmppowaagrmi.eot(mnhOoleEoCsydDdp,daati2av0dwe0iadt3hwratihmsepbnlgaeaecnksyersfaelod1mp9of5p1o7ur9lPs8aEth.iOo2owS0ne,0ad0ansdcsoohPnocEbeOwonReat.drdaaPftviooeolrnmeasgdoef eSarseTvaeeceo5l.1d4nbseumam1a7rr.i5eesgtpLehwffoeinednPinRcgOsfSroaemnd 73-.175g//L0. foarndPFdOAe. yNopeople thse studies G1 | eme ere r Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmentalassessment 60 000397 dgeeisntsabelpe , cation mfosi fH -ppooer e pwel = Le3 3 Cottage GrovePlant (USA) [= 3 5J: 4PTREB 0.0800 Ceo CewC [ome fw TTT Em le LC EL a ee 2CN 0.10983 73 EL os [oomsSeaEmn| La 000-132 TwRaE [C [ww[% 2U [ss e5 e vw [[ernmanCho aUS co ee [|#w0w7[[@5[3w5s [Jesree [[s3s5 [Seem ffaemaa sven [[[ oCmeerTro eGeUGyF eS||0[[[3392035[ 0235 a S {sseoaarw s ] [ee e eCr Ged |[6C C [1E7S JJ asmy rey |] e Co TTF c A EEOB i eJ J n OT ONacs ok vo ami rporc,TEUS Perfluoroalkylated substances --Aquatic environmental assessment 61 sik. 000398 58 Conclusions and recommendations 4 NThoevdaalitdaaotebdsesravmepdliinngthoerfarnaelsyhswiastmeretehnovidryoentmeexnitstsshfoowr tthheatmepoaisnutrseomuernctesooffPFAS fInuvoersotcighaetmeidcpaosinlteasdtouorcreeslaatrievealymahniugfhearctluevreilnsgofplPanFtA,SAiFnFtFhespinlelsarabnydeinnvdiurstornimaelntu.se | However, freshwater samples from cities that served as control site aso contained | aPlFeAsS.serTheextheingthienstefcfovnecnetntarnatdiosnedsiomfenPtF.AS were observed in sewage sludge and to { PthReOgSlowbae,s deevteenctinedreinmoitveer,lobclatoioodn,s.muCsocnlcee,ntkriadtnieoynasnadrebrhiagnheorf ionrgmaonriesmusrbaarnoiusnedd || obretinwdeuestnriianldiisveidduaarleaos.rgaWniitshmisn. sOpetchieers,pseormfleutoirmoeasl,yllaatrgeeddsiufbfsetraenncceessaarreeolebssseorfvteedn |+ detected. spriensgelnceestofudPyFoOn tihnesoecvecruarlremnacreinoef aPnEdASesitnutahreinDeubticotha.enAvlliarvoanimleanbltesdhaotwaeodnthe occurrence of PFOS in European biota show concentrations far above LOQ. fPrRoOmSEcuornocpeen.trCaotnicoennstrinatbiioontsa ifnrobimotNaorftrhomAmreermioctaeerxecgeieondscwoencreentmruacthionlsoweinr.biota No data are avaiable for telomers inbiotaor water compartments Btoo.tahn EuCrFbapnroadrueac,tscoanncdentterlaotmieornss hinavseambpeleens dfertoemctaedmoinreairruirnalsasmapmlpelsi.ngCosmtpeawreerde considerably less. PprRoOfeSssainodnalPlFyOeAxphoasveed bpeeernsodnestewcetreedabinohuutm5a0n(bPlFoOoSd) staomp2l5es0.tiCmoenscehnitgrhaetritohnasnin concentrations in the general pubic. 59 References 3SeMd,im2e0n0t1,,PEOnvTiWronEfmfelnuteanltMaonnditLoarnidfnigl-LeMauclhta-tCeitSyamSptuldeys.. WEaxetceurt,ivSeluSdugem.mary, 3M Environmental Laboratory, St. Pau, Minnesota, United States of America SBceiliesnlcee,,211928,1,15O0r9g-a1n5i1c0fluorine in human serum: natural versus industrial sources, Gwiiedsiyf,e,1pE,nKviarnonna.n,ciK, 2Te0c0h1n,oGll.ob3a5l, d1i3s3tr9i-b1ut3i4o2n of perfucrooctane sufonate in GEniveisryo,n.J,ScKi.anTneacnh,noKl,.203062,,1P4e6rAf-i1u5or2oAchemica surfactants inthe environment, aGciildlapnrdo,duFcDt,ioMnanpdlealn,, J.,O1c9c9u3p,. MMoertda.lit3y5,a9m5o0n-g95e4mployees of a perfluorooctanic Geinlzlyamneds,,FiDp,opMraontdeienls,,Ja,nd19c9h6ol,esSteerroulm: paesrtfuldyuoorfooocccutpaantaiccoindcalalyndexhpeopasteidc men, Am. J. ind. Med. 29, 560-568 HAuaogreinn,atOeFd, mBeetlabeo,liJteJsohbnysaong,asJDc,hrVoemnaktaotgersawpahricl.,hPe,l1i9u8m1m,iCchraorwacatveer-ipzlataisomnaof dpeerftlueorco-toTcotharenobaitoet,aAnnsaflo.rmBaitoicohnemo.f 11H1,8,1H3,362-H3,423H-perfuorodecanol to Perfluoroalkylated substa-nAqcuaetisc environmental assessment v 62 000399 sab r-- --eed ronment, ptns anised 1-aness often - uinos Pe , -3M . ne . , # GHrn,0.CCorma, EtoSnT,CWEToo.n, 1,23001,CCoroomn ssppeocsc Hansen, KJ, PmKRabrmt,io,X.nK2oo0Ss,moopre,aetrCnltycoommTSSmannoa1SCooimnoU.nnevsey, suese `Quantitative Johnson, HO, Eldridge, JS, Butenhoff, JL, Characterization of Trace Levels of PFOS Dick and , LA, 2002, PFOA in the Tennessee Sone mman i oon nptorare,10.1 oe oe sg rn Kannan, K, Franson, JC, Bowerman, Ww, Hansen, KJ, Jones, 70 CoI2 PD, Giesy, JP, 2001b, A ran NovL 1. toch k11.GGeert7.3e00t3. albatrosses, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 3065-3070 pPeertrreot ng Ei KarNnC.aHEnaens,nm0seetooTmL GheeyCo a200%, roenreeilonier he s nbo s om con Kannan, K, Corsolini, S, Fal eliOSue ns andysz, J, Oehme, ween G, Focardi, s, GieSEs hrietTeand. y, JP, submitted, iKHKeirsn8.h0,1SHe9o8wieO,et0e,rmnCsttolno,f o5,21r997,goartna,rrpiesn.mr.ersegcht,20, tSiLeiva3ninn0ce,,e0h0ACDei.,eWomLiibkeeonl,fo,ntOfCELtGr,,BoahMugoodnboand,eyaG,d,oCSshonelaEtle,yo, To,nmMaykfiee el,dp,eH,nSte SaoutfufmereE,n8g.n,8n.19d9s7r, y, Fa=MoondbCAm5o.s153r 3,Dtamg issooncf petra chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 74, 584HEii )o CAS Fd. 00, r Penrgue taacntss d8hseteonvrmeert r Hi oeodya eCAdKnsSWtCa,lntssicC nea,cteOCSGr , WnresyT55,e%220d001,dDeeerreation FEeotlrlyow,ainCgsoaneMAfacrecicisndo,ene0tota,liRkeasSlneae,sceWoCoffr,|Faire,-F0OCG,fmearSyh, son,n20,0, OCCND. 202. rat scamrattofeetorosicgthtninog Fnoatm inntotEstobtisc,oke Creek, - Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment Feaie. 63 000400 COahtybao,ryTl,cKaucdiod,s Ni,n bSiuozluokgii,caEl,sKaamwpalsehsibmya.hiYg,h1-9p9e8r,foDremtaenrcmeinlaiqtuiiodncohfropmeartfoiguroarpnhtyy O1S.lusCfehonrn,oamtGaeWt,osgnrdB.uhre8sp,,a7tiJ2Mc0,a.nM1da7nldiedl,ciJnHi,caZlobcehle,miLsRt.r1y9te9s,tsSienrfulmurpoeccfhievmaircoaocptarnoeduct employees,J. Occup. Environ. Me41,d799-.806 | OP"lensrdefnlh,ueopGraWotoi,ccteBanunzoryasmt,eepJsrM,o,cdhuBocultreisetowen,rwooMlrMakn,edrMsla,inpDodrperulog,teCJiHhn,se2min0.0a0Tmo,xmPioclnoalismu2am3c,ho6l0ec3y-s6t2o0kinin | cShwleoertisdeer,byPBg,as19c6h5r,oSmeaptaorgartaipohny,anAdnadl.eCtheer.,mi28n,oaf17ta6ris6e-on1in7c6t8richloride and stannic | NTaavteusr,e,D,21179,681,05E0v-i1d0e5nc1e that there are two forms of fluoride in human serum, FUeSbErPuAa,ry202002,,20D0r2af,tWhaaszhairndgatsosne,ssD.mCe.,ntUonfipteerdflSutoarteosocotfanAomiecriacciad and is sls, ! VPa0n5deiVn miarvineeK,aHrnodf,fe,stPuarVianneoDrognagneisnm,sWf,roEmstmhanes,Se.lgBaunstN,oRr,tDheSeCaoeannd,WWe,s2t0e0r2, | VScahnelddeeVeisjtvuearrye,taplo.stseurbmpirtetseedn,tatairotnicatoSnEtThAeCocEcuurrorpeenc2e00o2f PFOS in biota in Belgian and Dutch waters. ------ em Perfluoroalkylated substances - Aquatic environmental assessment 6 000401 Hsuoogrrianpgne? otndeuct wt nd stannic. : als, Wwe.s2t0en0, 6 Toxiacity 61 Mechanismoftoxicity uTnhdeermsetcoohda.niTshmeopfetrouxiocriatycuorfbionrdiyviitdeuaslipnecrluudoirnogsPiEiOaRt)edsrseubpstaancresssnot well eproxlihferatthoerssa(mInetmraescukhsarineitsaml,of1o998x).ySe(veGrayl o&theKrenPnFaAn,S soos) are. hypothesised to T6.h1e.1scaMrectealyboalviasimble information an metabolism of EAS shows that FOS and rPaFnOAsoamreendototsraonmsefoerxmteedndinibniroata (nOtEoCPD,O2A00(2H;agUeSnEPaA,220012)9.678s:2 FTOH is. 62 Toneeffects ntheaquatic envionment smT5tahu2den1iyeoss.cGaiFetconaryeatrtheao aatveaqliuaobmaleer.orpTgrhaondeuircstmassrefofessweevvdeeraratlaalraerPaeFsAaovnSashlwaashleyb.etFhnoersintvreesstLiogssatped ion s:everal ifa0eqmsutpamtuaitArcevetrairawoileerwiteysooesffntdtoehitdef.sseeruIepfnnrftuoirdluictceetmssutmemfsbatoeeymdr.sftFewhocisttestddooiamxfteeiercte.ontdtsMoccfroaerteomvuclecaorOt,oemepdppepnep3aun0r0t0y2,odf the w2B)ietehniuTmsepsdut,rsewaicethhpevemarrifyio,nmgewcdiodtnucraeisnntglroaawtli3onsnsg1po9fe%rPoEofASt.ohfeOtmehete.rctDeunhtrsimnhgavapesEeaenseowduetheneerr t3soo)hXleavcectnotcim.nopmmapaatonebstyitistooywfnthohofeertttefhsotthireceotamusmtteserssmtcusobisahrtleoapnasrcueobfpswatafansnscneiostmaad1dy0e0hd,a%vpperuecrseu,hm5aeblssy asyeancaarrreeekrses wMKenerosewuncIrnotehmmaateensPttyEAcofoSfontrchhetaenhvtteeerspattusihroitongynshlpyuseorenrcopewmtniiatonanyagelsp.oetrseetnctciohamelmmiAecnacdlaecdocnscoepmnetpcraiantaiiloonssn:weeprxoerseed, thiteensdsteseeHtdeasbvteesebnheaoevbnesnpeoertrvfeboderetmnheadtinwactelreuevdeesdisgnnaibtfoihcveaenpttrlehysebeeanlq:ousewvonuaassmssionnlgnabLiyc. A,eo3sr0e0mo)nySome dt5aih0ssesosucemicaeFotdouerntsthPieaRmrtmiOteoSndhsieatatteesestltyrhoteaxsovuielcstosbaleworeigtniihcpnadliaefsnegdorntefhnrctasnawatcitc.tsohrtrdveeionccgutomcsrpoaurcnrottauebnenltieen,r.inonnsss. tPowreuasssl that dodecydmethylammonium sat (DOA) (OECD, 3005, dSF8eoo0vluli%botwiiIinyfngtghtTehhceeomnmeceettnhhtooaddtooillooonggysyobafecTtcwerepaetne(22t00-c08o)0nc%te,netthreacthieomsnitscapulprptuoorttsyehaossecmtcsoeolbhseeetomveirt of iPeInonecetunuhdedemodap.kirinetcsTaehhinnenteeaderl.vigaealNleuoasutptbieoeccntiioepnetlSsytliesestnu(dasOirEseesCuaDtmv,hacti2a0ah0bpa2l5edr.fiaocKoistirehsdncrihhemavpasarbwleeheenolfeol1n1aom2erneyrtaehans These organisms could be exposed to elevated concetrbons sear. memr------------ Perfluoroalkylated substances --Aquaticenvironmental assessment & 000402 [ e wo e m [corar ns [soo [sont 0010.1 [[rSaitocigc ihctayti11y:1100-or100_o_m__i_o__i_e_201.11 e ppee E e EEe ma r m sn ea=oeeee eEeeEmeemI1 mdppn e pl SmSeOEreeienalEoEeonnsyiT[1 me E Emleee eomeeeeeml] | ltr re Tfeefeoss le owmes n C[leomvcoomisilTss]] epoo ee reese 000403 dnbtyabvlaen TyJ | -- Borie hd . Te duaton ge lintels x [1] 0TE7] I] ; S| Is] 7] [] a P=2r [EET ej wr [Es [een Eee |Fin f[ e J omee n pan] PROESUIAH[2A10 = cE so Ev Terp: NLotnEotea Cra [8 22 Noge IPROSU Ter Tom Tics |ramessminron [Norse 7] PROSDER <n LNoOSE0L |Guegil sonah [OECD 705 [4 Toabbtalien6e2d5frToemsttersetssulwtistfhodeavciuattienog pxroitocooflsPROS to Feshwater organs ScFiuhsbrh-ocanhpirpcoencaihrer/toconhibrceoenxmipucocsthuoxrimectoirtoyePsFenOsSit(iveeetthabnlein6v.3e)r.teTbhreatseaamnedpaatleeertwo saufbound wd0biui1tro0ihc8noagn7cc6uemt2ngetd/rtaaLoytxisidcouiunrtpiyst.ntagukTdehy3,.e5uNIdnatOytsEh1.aC0t0osf%tu0md.oy3r0tnaomlgiet/fyeLcoitcssccuworneesridestametenaatnswuiertxehpdorseausturl0et.sc0of8nr6coemmnaga/.rLation eThhveontiwcotaovsciya.be tudes for daphnids show consistent results and practical no 2 PosK 7[2 Fa 0130 023408 214 rNeOprEoGduction, 231 ECsSurnatpvrordoucutton NOECropoducton =]A10S6T1MIGECD, 250 ENCOtEeCparuovdaulcion NNOOEEGCohraocwht Ee eee= mceic Table 63. Sub-<hrone/chroni tovy of FFOS 1 reshwater orgamars rT ------ AiPncrutotabnelaen6d.s4uabt-hcehraocnuitce/fcrhersohnwiactteorxticoistiycty values for PFOA are summarised. Only sthHsuoedwsiesevesmeetr,hnatte hhoeafrtdlhaaeKbiUiCmSloitEa uysPcAofh(s2vo0aam0l2eu)et ooesffevt1ehreowasrler2osattrhueer drireecspowoatrtsoo enidm.ciytIenddt.d ahrteOeardsalrryate shrteaupdzoiaretrsedfdor 7wt0oiratichcudtteoveaitlaoxtgiiacneigtaypnrdootfsoicPgoFhltsOl,Aytptrooexasielcnttsepdefchii.nesabtelsete6d..4bT,hsehroewsutlthsaotbtPaFiOnAedffs rmoodmetreasttesly cThhreoifce/wcahvraoinaibclteoxsiucbi-tcyhorfotnhiics/cchormopniocuvnadluteosaflograPeForOAfeindicate practically no sub Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment & } 000404 E y pe e P |reee en 1000 EcStgrowihrate |capricomutum |797.1080 |} RE fron Tees Eo TPron ls ema Jon fon [ico liso [[FFaavbeessmmoonnoow[|NNoettonoatieedd Jaarl}, IE ee e ofooAn TTootsso E Jmneolew o I|.. [occomeJuly Joecoaw Iu} C e p E E e cp a epiee i E G E m SeE == S= e ne=e E= [==EmeERE|TE| POR [3% phosphoreum |mi | 3 Seanasim [EPATSCA [33|| ::: pEee ] lm fmrox oss [mn [ic ~~ |rabesimimon [oECOIE [22] E a Em Gm aal mEee =SaOlEEiiieeiiilllBeee+r-s) | fe 270 Terox Tos [mn Tecw 707.1050 1 [rabessmionaw JoCO202 127}! I Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 68 000405 3 ics [3% ox | ies [35 zoSCA Tar 1050 I'l ewoA |] ed Tor] dAeglJm = 0 TTao s Te P Muse [PFOA E [43 aa EE CSocalcount | SelonasirumS |Modited 0 Fish [PFOA >100 30d NOEC Fcaatphrecaodmmuitnunmo_w||AEdpapAtAeSdTEMPAO,ECO `Table 6.5 | Chronic toxicity of PFOAtofreshwater`organisms 1972 a" Rse2tFe1a0nHd hon oni CPAFohcsrTusotinObeilc1es0tetieoceiftatfapyebpclrtseostpc6ur.oid6nai.cteeesnlTityersjeatutdurigenoesdnueslrtthshweaawyveteorxebiceibetanysoeofdbstoehnrsvnteodemoiimnneatlrorcfiorconymvettenhsettssieowainttshs.81:S2sonnote (TS. 2002) B al id[2m [EpeuedobratesToz[8e2rFToOnHf1o0i0s6 ---- J[odman NOEC [NOEC [suSbcsepniecdaetsumsus |OECD 201|46. [Dopniamgr [OECD 07155 noc Tomer Table 66 Acute freshwater ritof8y.2 FTO fo resaleTooorpssela] rOFotorhmetcrheormAepSmaline(itsngeePtFaAbSledi6s.7c)u.ssN-eEFOSAd in the perxehsiebntitsstiudgyhtthteoxtiocxitcomdeartassets far diinenvvveeirrattteeibbnrrgaapttreeosst,oaacnloldlostmhosdehertoreawtsetslsiyignhdttiotcoeaxttiecoiptryfacohtficPaEllOySnGoEttooxificsyh.. PTFhOeSr&essulsigohftyteostsewith =] a PF x z fr--oerosealotom oom Tics Fameadmanou Nota Tor] [swsge| nerosa [51000 ([iEmenrebrtesTInneeriFoossAaTT1aass fn Tan Teeso Tetso |1c.apmiamageTa]ordacptoedmOeECD202T|5a5]| oTarbglaenis7masT(AostcoauntndearadnidsecdoTtneisitmcpor(otxocioTl)rdaatamomf asemveoraml sPA]SAtdaoptferdeshOmEaCteDr203 [54 [22 v [2] PROSGE Rose [ProseE ECS0col count Pshhoostpohbeasciarium|mMieccrrotboixcs Selenasinm |OECD 367 NEOCESCOgrowrtathe |capricomutum oc Ca a = el [= *] =1] Ato fen TeroseETse 327 Ton noc. Tio IrevessmmorlmA Tar] Mmiiccrroobtiocrss [lpeetoaobbiaamtessTo[FP0FSS T[z11 Fw Toros Tas faatshh Teeccsoo [|DDpaurpohssnpsihaommraaagugemnaT[oEocncsos0on3 TToir]] Tom TiJcrabmscme Tfarbolmed6e.v7iabtiRnegsutlett fporroatoccuotlestoxicity data of several mcnloson1zae] PFAS to. freshwater organisms. r mre ---- Perfluoroaliylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental sessment 6 . 000406 625 svmmynityta CC1 i So wwi eess 1 e ro e r [swwe mes arenin |TZ[E SE2E0 | E e om ee [mE E Fe m rr re er |mToCes E Femme TEE Err e sm e me A[er r | 6FT21eeToditt re e elmittcne fot rmhmnyr nEaCrSroomrtrsoeow For the marine environment toxicitydataare only available for PFOS. Table 69 1 edfI ornodanut)e egoonde OTCevcnn0t250h3e5 ETLR pr ee lEere fe [ ormlll[aA re iase | fe llafr |] EE i>=5ss fr i een aeala =m e[igoieT I _ Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 70 000407 Co the ry ! or jd q77 8 = how . . =] =] [*] 63. Standards 1nd derivation of IMPCs asdon Groshart eat 2007) (aI6r1n3e9t91hd9ee)rNiievnetttdhooedfrcuoarcrnetadoasnnt,uaemhsabyresmrtooenfmiscoefhdeimsiitctaanldasan(rddWsItafBroGgWestae,vvaelr1a9l99e)nviTrhoenmpeonptaalsecoamfpairmtmeenntts vtAalarilgmieittbvvaaalsluueeeidsisauapqoquunaalltihteylmleevavexelliamttahwalthipmcirhnminimoaslabldylvsechroosnuecleedfnuftbeerescattafsiocorhanise:eoiv(leexaPdpeCorr)tsmoasti.ntTraotironeokdno. tA 2ev0arl0au0te)ioonnthoef M`nPeCgisgifvoiretchoencseenttirnagtioofn'en(vNCi)o.nmIenn2t0a0l1istkhelipmriotcsewdaacsesfoprtehe (Tass, tThheeeMcPosCysidteem wfiiblsenseptrhdoetecctoedn(cmeenthtordaaotftwlihdioecnnbaetrlsea&stw9o5%rosfethGeospreyciesToien negligibleriskleveils defined as 1% of the MPC. For PFAS thee are no standard derived yet nthe Netherands, aFm6seo3stre2htsoshdmDseedrenarirtviamvtaeuitstoiehnodon:mdoetfthLheMooPrndeCgf-sitneeddrimreefccehtcrtofnsoicemsdeasctmoaetaonritecomplreoetgfhiocoradeldaentndodpshohieonrtpsrrtmweomedivaffeecroenntct efdhoaifutsear.cmdeTiatfhsehesroeerdsenftmiisentbnexadtosenmefodefnteocihntcoaddgsarsitsoeaausappspv.mlaeilenfadt.btlmhtIeenyst:ethhodastadtceaiasasaptereenffonerupoarrtbilNnaecvO.iapElaHCeboltwvheetevteehrc1e,p1carrCpepOllnmi(cnebaeetsisao,yn of i1s9p9r6e)seinstaepdp,lied table 6.11. In igure 6.10 he direct medhodfo MPC. 4enpion Lessthlaen a4asTcotnogmtpelrembaNsOGe/Cssetbutat| |ApacpNcloyrEdrinSgetofAsledeicnbenrsgesesmiedon,t no ve completterembaseUEseCtSaOt/NlOeEsCt hot yes AScpcorphinelgTtyDothmeeth0od 70 [AaccpohredipmngodlitfoiytehdeEPOAECmDeiod "MPCvaflorwuateer,sollandsediment [7] T1h. ereCOornmlepytawrwihoseonenxcoweniptgthitodenarstmaoftNrOhoEemCutSsheeoon(fctothhmrepeelTetGtrDeopbhmiaectsheovsdee.s+1arenoalvoaniagbelre,deamanded. PThleiCocmyploetnebesefr tkclogy stsofKtLECfo chof vespcvsfi, - Tw Perfluoroalkylated substances - Aquatic evionmental assessment 000408 7 2. Sntihaoyritnnoofterbeeedacrthehpaartetsfoeoxnritcamtioinvrteee,rhnasylidnrlceoevpetlh.hoebIintcitmhceoossmeppaconauosnefds,sa,nbassahceoustteettecesomtmpmtloaseyitbceetnyetdosaosyI oeerdewmhaicnhdeshdoualnddnaont absesaenssamlegnattfeatctforthoifs1is0t0hmeaoynlbyecharpopnliicedttesotaacvharioanbilce 1frfatcithoaerbn1a0sseaanfsdeetltyosrfai1cnt0coo0rm0splawreiletleu,bsetehdaep(pTtlhiGeeDdmomtoiefttihheeoddNEOcPaEAnCn-omatentdbh/eooardppL(l(OiEeEIdCC,5D0a,,nd1r9eo9stp2eh)ce:trively, ftmoettdhheeroiTdv,GeDdtehcpeaeMnnPdnCeo.nttbIeot nsahptophuleileddn.beIustraemobslsfeebad6v.hea11aebrtlhteehatstoaxftiehctiiytyefxadccatetopart.siaoornfetmphareyesmoeonndltiyefdibeeduspaxy A 02stono shorten L(EIGS0 fom each of 3 rophic: loves of the base-sat (ish, daphnia and agao) OrTong:term NOEG (oer fh or daprmia) wm Two Torg-lorm NOEGs rom species presenting two | 100 rophic aves(fhandlordaphiaandlor algae) 5 dTaopnhgr-iiaeamnNdOaEigGase)rroepmreastelnetaisntg3tshpreeeciteosph(ipcorlmeavellysfin.|| 5100 Froid Gamormode ecosystems RevoneaCw359s57 dcan basis T1a9b9l6e)Ea1c7corAduisnegstsomeEnUtSEfaSct(oErCs,f1o9r936q)uabe toxicity data following EU/1G (ECE, "The calculated MPC in the present report wil be defined as `indicative MPC' SCMtoPanOttu)rsa.rayndtonotheenmviirtonamnednttaalrpgoeltivcayluveasluteh.eTdheeriyvaerdeinMoPtClseghaallvyeseontlaynadtmecahynicchalange 2 so0m a5 mre toxicity data become avaable and/or an MPC is derived by the INS-project. Lowestocuto L(E)Cr of QSARestmaton fo acto toxic pow TowestactsLEC or GARsstmaton oracute oxic for al. leastsigae, crustaceans and fish ToworoGEAs R esttaN nforOonEcorCci TowestNOECor GSARestimationfor chronic och foratleast Taaibglaes,6.c1r2ustSaacfeetaynsfaacntdorfsisfhor the derivation of IMPCs In surface water (modiied iEiPsA maelthwoidl)becompasedithte valebasedonacute (ECs values.Thelowaeloeswitl be selected BpTarosodecdeedrounerettdhheeestcIorMxiiPbcCeitdyfbodryastTeardapiarmsees2ne0tn0t1te)id. igTehnteheirsdaelsrltiyuvdaaydt,viiotnsheeidsMetxoPpulCsaeiantrehededieenqrauinivneldebxruisVu.imng the patton () method, which eles on K.. (see Slooff, 1992; Beek, 1993; Kak, --_---- Perflucroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment 72 000409 a -- ty aay po1eivlbooaetntenodso mcothea cvr u,s || dies im ted. whyeas w@ anentge woe fied "oa the . 1999, Tras, 2001. nhs sadly this advice hs ot been allowed, because Ki CSnFoorenttcmaheenestunmriotaartbi,loenoprebedaPiccatosrsCf7or tahse enwviioreotnaomeendtarleeboedhnaSvsiooeuurse(sceteissecttiionv4.s3.1o). Ihe present stay IMC or FOS, PFOA and PFOSCE were deve, For a other PFAS insufficient data were available. The results of this derivation are mpOrnaellsyenfaotrsedFsiOenStnatbmlaean6.y13id.aotfar5w.ereTahvhals,domtaakihnga oponssiGbleotossienaplately assefasctosr omf 1e 000n(stee annexV). [pros Js Tee 613 WC Tor FO, PRGA nd n-EOSA 16Ti0h3te3hcPeoEnmCApSadcnooineocnemnwtMriPaoCptfb.ieMonPNiusoChscaetttcottusoernhFeiencrOcoaoenSrmd ee4nnndtdsriPnscEtovt Oenac.ertnaotantimooernssnEtocannbe cmomrparsed F`epTnrOhveoiTsrhWoignfhmeefsnutteafnlrtemsrohownamttoeDrrenccgoentscuernytrastiso3ns0sc0th)haotnnw.eqrueiewotebwsraeetrev4re9dr8ionmptgheepmtoulrtaiP-c0ait1ky17in ug/L. 2PPpiRF1OO9SSGse.wmeaa7syccFbtoearirptvp5o5e.r3nod)LiwuThcihkese.diZdTgohOhseePUtthsF.apOotSnTtFnwesaOteServewicsavoteneosrcf ocPnoEcvnAracSomenHthaorbawoomen rcsonmsmaeo.)hPhneste Concentration ns non.pont outed cy cou sprout sab. TeF#hnrOevoTihairWgohfnefmsoteenn)etmsforhnotmteoDraccgonecu.enytIrhaGtqiueointsstwcahttoerwneorsemcwbDeeenesvt3eidn28i6ny1t0hte0maforlPcoEyGkin cg(bhPsiortnvetgdv.LaTunhicenghiTsghhteeseitgP6h7Oe0tAPpwFaLOtAsimcartoenraconenArcFFetnossopalomnntciogrrrhoSstoasas o0da0mPo cooyncaoerrnacioendwdasa1h1r3 g/L. Thee vies ce ths ne PC or PrOA mit G4 Human tity Tthnee shuumabnjtoofexmiaccinttyy osftuPdFieOsAaUSnEdPtAo, a2le0s0s3ereOxEtCeDn,t P20F0O2S. hFaovre3b3eerneanndtsftoillasrea Sous rv, 3002 areavailable, but many stuareduniderewasy. Results are expected by theendof mFP6eF4toOa1sbSolwBiassehds.ahTarhwenientxhcrubeemtaidonnistrboumtdheinbhuomaynsotowsaereucaenrdsevri,shemrest oneots Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 73 RY 000410 T(hOiEsCsD,hi2g0h0c0omPpFaOreSdhats aadnuletstritmsat(e1d00exdcaryest)ioannhdalCfynomeinlhguumsamnosnkofey8s.6270y0ea day, PROS swell absorbed orally vSaPeForOomnAatdheaxspaoanslueros.twimaotweaadhsaanbldsfeaereibdetnnwoetehenxepr1osabiunordtea3,a.nP5dyOoR3eediosneeashurnmoaestnxstp.eanrtPtiEfooOlnAloowtihnwgeet | PSUroFiynOefno1td,nbofttamcceestoaarrbeesteyhddpnrtsihmaertoyhmuraomcuartneosmboolofedceyuxlcerset.ioInnfvoerrP,FpOlAasmfaemnadle dates yose | | hnBietedweemnentaisfceenedcehxttserdaamsmoueccbhheeafnnaiotsbemseionrrvfeetdmheanleedxocagrtesst,itobhnuatnofnioPntFmOnaAl,epraiTtmhasetreeTsfhoaerneddithfhilusemeannces || SEmPpoAt.a2n0t0f.or tFoer epxecrreataiorno.caPrebfounoyrhocaudbosstyhlecleacnigdtshwoiftthhleopnegerrfucohrionsleenygcthhan res eminaed (Kudo ta, 2000). EE. | TP6hr4eo2savAacibtlseorondetnt tosicity dats of POS have been summarised in able 6.14. fCoou [Eyeimiagon TThahtss [Rabbis [imomgi=g2-m5s || |iimytaing____| ! [STtanbltea6t.1i4oAncie o[vRiactbybidtasts of FONSont-oimrotdaetntnsg | | Tseonaaisbl rodent tosicity data of PFOA hve been summa in table 615. || [Tlibon [Wat[1(0D2 <25100-0500f0e(mfeamlaele) [fats [1hNOEC>tesmel || :i | [[ESyieni-- imrttaaiotnon |[RT Raabbbbiittss |[mIT ntevaertsbnigct_os_--u_ed_am_a_g_e|| Tae 75 Ace oity of PFOA rodents 6I#nr4ro3espeaCth.rdoonsectoroanlcoyxicty tudes with PROS sig at and primates the exposure Roeemspahirtaeodceefhuefapeabctyonptaeortuoscpiahyryea,nngdruemsosrrostneatsletsiyt.ienAatrlaenneeecyxtmpseo,ssh,uarehemelapetavtoeillcoogvfiacfcauolomslar2tomimeoa/nKlagtn/eddsa,y | entea)ivtatohtseT,shsceoolcmoavtwieedsononsbosaaebnrsdveedrdevaaetdvh.eadrTvhseersasefeeeefcffteelccetvsleweve(erLleO(AcNoEOnLAiEimnLefedwmaabslyea2 rm2ag-s/ylew.airsltne5st || romvepaemteaetwnsetrtshaedlLeOesAofEmtLnewsadtsutd0y.bh5eem0g4N/LO:mAaEn/oLkaN/ndOaEtyLhaencLdoOu0lA.dE6Lbmefg/dektogne/erdmaisnyee,cdo.endsIpgn3eenceriateion 0k, 2002) Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 74 000411 ------. 18.67 year, ys 200 rons roumnisgwey | Tonnieaythe | pfeoreee ||| ho inlleengtha deste. || sCaIonoeblnrsreveueruvmpvleeeciahdoto1n-li0d,enosmctsaleeut1rdr.ooel5ord,aplmhaagytnn/oodoxkrfiegpcxti/ithddayea,sdsyteeaumpaldelnvisedeaitssria,wobginodltvinaheanr,dtPthshFNoeaOeoaSan,dsruu`heshnrieyanaplgopl.aRachntwTeicahsvresuiestssp.ye.,moepomrcrnotskcetesrydastesihnotecnhssr,eemeafsfeeecnstssin (IwnOeEeCksDsi,xt-r2me0oa0n2tt)m.hensttuwdiythno10efmeic/tKsgw/edraey oabnsderavfetdeastedvoesnewseoefk0s.w1i5tohr40..503marysdearye.y (aItnOhmeCutp,aaget2n0oi0cc0i,ytytnteedsst mwiotuhsbeamcitcerroinau5c.letuysp,hiFmOurSiuwma,s.focuond,1hubmeamnolsymtphoopcyotess, itnhae i2n-cyiedaerncceaorfihnepoagtoecnelilaucsastrayadweintohmSaspwrasaogbsuerever-daDtatsatshiwegnhliifgiehcaeynsttidnocsreeaosfei3n0 `mg/L of PFOS (OECD, 2002). sPInFrvOoaAnriwosssouuends 0witbhebnaocmt-ermiuata(5g.enTiycp.hiPmFurOiAumd,idinCdoucle canrdomhounmaamnellymtpehosccyhteess maninecgdrapotoinlvuyeipeilnosaisndyasaisnyaChwiinteshemhoaumssteer oyvaoriesfiSbrEoblAas,ts 0an0d)1 aomevniss mFoes po || | || le 6.15. | myoSrpageauern.rabotOp-bhs5yec,rsmvtsghuet/ddk1irgee0/s0odi0fnarmynag.fta/sirLaencfndocrcmefitsecsmesaesldheorewtessda(tn7h6da.t5itdmhneeeyKlwieveedirigeshptth,nePpeorpia1mt0ao0rcsytphaorrngsyeftor hSytpuodplsaswiiathofhtehsesbomnoenmkaeryrsowre,sualntdedmionddeeraatte,aitrdopdheyploeftitohne ihnytmhpmareeinais,s in tFaheemaasptelodtelewonisgtachnadl3f0l0ymmcgph/aLnondPdeFsOveAartse3h0oomnwges/dkiignn/cdrlaeayssoeardnhedigrfheeamrad(lUeSisEPneA,wa2e00i2sg).h,creases 2in3te0stmicgu/lLar)mwaersesob(srearlveesdat(U3S0E0PAm.g/2L0)001)nd varan uel hyperplanes ||!| || aNgndday nates, || aasrtses un | wation SAE | 1CfL0aebrycdeoiincgoaclgreecl2lni-nialyotdegyaeersnontiouecmdtxiwaoepssotiwhisenitIethhvnLeeroarm3tagas0lnse0dhspomaawgnne/cddLrmetaaAhsatmttmoPaafFtrmOyleAevfieislbCwrP0eoFaaROkdelesnyhoac(masSarssEciPisnnAo.gtbehen3eir0fc0e,3mi)anldeustcoindg ThKienetriecss)uasrofunsgeoveirnagl (keAyPsMt,ud20i02eo)ns. PFOA (90-day primate, two gration, F2Tho5aervlmaeogmbme/eirdexstna(udrbyeeat.soeefrdNm6ooi2nndedFD.uPTeoThnetr8,Oevp22e0KFa0etT2eO),odMsl,idcot1sy0eo:w2ainFsdpToOthbMesmaernrevdpeerd1o2dsu:tnc2t2i0Fv0TetmOtMsotahnrdyelenNNOOELLSas toFxuritchyeremorse these substances reacted negate in tne AMES, Cro p goro 65 Conclusions and recommendations ceVcooaannrbciceoeinunttsidryraaatottifoaonmwnseamrnwaeyeyroeahfvautavsaheedbe.biseeDtteuenoseessvitagmonlutiushfateitcebsatepnehtccoirantelsodixuhdiciceegirdht.eydsotof5rhpeFetrOvdmeSoab,renhedab,viPmeoFuOrcA,a.tonhTfoehrmeaeicntsauylatl |-- | Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment [. 75 000412 -- I ---- wnedraerpedrfmoertmheoddoaltoogyw. tMesatncyheomfitchael rpuerutlys, anedtwheererfotrheeroefftoreeddeviraetiianbgitfyr.omta, Can very well seve 54 fst indication lPvoe7r0etSesbsraamttoedsee.rafFtheOlSyanadcuptrpearcattcoihxicecaalytonnfooennstohoxwxiaitcetosofiinsgvhaear.tnedbPrFsatOegSs,hiPsoFixOgiShctitsocmhordoenriactetloyr {{eacMcePunCtiefnsga5nwudags/stL.iewgPahtRteOrcShecfrofonlnucieenncttstroarxtioicomtnosawmpearrroediunschtiionowvnenrstteeb.reaqtIenusao.lthtFehorer fMPrPeOsCShwiatnthefred,sehtrwheeadty CSTophnpcreaoncstucrthaeetidtootnioscowtbiystoeifrnvaPefFdaOcaAtrofrouofsfrle4s.hawratbeerloalwg,aet,hionuvegrhtebtrhaeteAsPaCndmiahy biepracy iwilFboe ePxcFeOedaend (foMrPlConogfer30p0engo/dsL.. hs been derived. is uniely that this MPC NNto-oiEecHftFfyeOcSotf.sthehxiahsviebsiubtbessetsnaingochbetsacecarunvtebeeftodorrxa8iw:2cn,tFosTiOiHnn.vcenrNtooembircnaoatnlecslcuosnicoennstrraetgiaorndsinhgahveebeen used in ess. Cysoenaicre:aremaisnnpdg ehiducnmieayne.s,TobtohrtohdhePunEtmOsaSnPaFbnOoddSyP.anFBdOoAPthEhOcahvAeemelixochinablgishtallrfoe-widviaesctsurt@ieb.ut6te7od aitno.dv1ebr-u,3t5 hey are eye inating. TI{oerscthPirnFognSoifcaPfneRdeOdPSiFniOgdAt.enstoPstFwsOihAtohwwrsoadneyfnotmusuntadantgdoepnbrieicmweaeftfaeekcsltsty.hcePaprFcrOiinmAoagrieynndituca.cregMedutctwhaargsoemntoihsceotemyarl ohesrtramtuotnasgaenndicpyoleysp,odiyncilnuCdiHnOg acneln,vbiuvto mdidcrnoontucsiheouswtmeusttagenic effects in nSeacodnedvgeelnoeprmaetnitoanlofffrcodtesnttusdwyrweithdePtFerOmSintehde NtoObAeE0L.1anmdg/thkeg/LdOaAyELanfdo0.t4he mikeday, respectively. 66 References 3SEev4di,ir2mo0en0ntm1,e,nPEtOnavTiLrWaobnoEmrfeauntteoarnlyt,MaSnto.dnPLaiaunt,doMii-rnLniMeeaanslcothgta-atC,eitUSynaiSmttpeulddyeS..taWEtaxeetsceourft,iAvSmeleuSrdiugcme,amary, 3M Afrdaecntbioenrgt.eTc,tJeadwfoorrskno,rJm,a2l0s0p0e,ciUenscesretnasiinityiyofditshteibhuatziaonrsd,ouEscoctoonxciecnotlroagtyionndand EBbenecvrkie,rkoMenAnmg,enstm1a9el9t3hS,aofdHeeetyt,,mR4aI,xZiA,m1a1wle8trokcdaotcbuamaerntri9s3c.o1n5i0vXe,auLe(lMsTRt)a:d,UTthgeanNgetshpeurrltaenndsen DEofCuBPc,oon1mt9m,9i62s,0i0Eo2un,rroPpereacenesChe9em3ni/tc6Ma7al/sytE2EBi0uCr0ooe2ann,u,rDkToercadhrsneeicschsatlm,eGTnuhtiedfaoNnrectneheeDwrolanconutdmisfeinedtsiunbssutpapnocrets "SicbostmamnciessiPaornt 1re1g0ul,atisopna(,ECa)lNyo 1488/34 on isk assessmentfo existing ECr,au1a9t9i6o,nEoufrSoupbesatnanCcoem,miRsIiVoMn,StEhUoSEvSe,n,ThTeheEuNreotpheearnanrdison Systemfo the GEnevisr,on.IP,ScKi.anTnane, K,c2306h0,2,1n4Pe6roAf1uo5lr2oAcherical surfactants nthe environment, Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment i 76 000413 iyr.ombug oenircatolxie efdreanetg | Lathe iprsacptiCcal, Neen || 113s "rboot mtheiver nheslomal the = 3M 1a " twennen J aeoost . iGrsopshheanrc,i CA7,,ROIkKkZerrempaornt,2P0C0.1.P0i2n7e,nbTuhreg,HaAgMuCe,MT,h2e0N0e1t,hCehreamnidcsal study on dfFleautgoeernicn,taotO-reFd,TmhBeeteabfbio,oltir,taenJssobfhyonrsm+oangt,aisoInDc,ohfVreo1nmHk.aat1toHeg,rsa2wHpa,hriu2cH,-hpe1e9ur8mf1mu,rCoihdaeraccacatvnereorp!izotaaotsinoan of IpMeenrctfhruasonuriroso,mcs,taonfRopaaentrgeoaxAlniaas,lo.mSeBWip,orcoOlhie'fne8.raeti1no1Mn,8,,by3N3po6eo-rn3fa4un3,rooc,tealneoc, aOFi, a1n9d98, endogenaus fatty acids, Gen. Pharmac. 31, 187.197 H6Ka0fr1m5o0OnF6.i0s0Me1ed,nMsBiialnxtkhi,omvBeunmG, P,TehreMmoiNnsetittfhloeerrsCa,onndMcsHenWtMraMt,io1n9s99(,MPCrSot,ocRolIVfoMrrdeeproirvtation of `KCuodmo,paNn.ioSnuzoufkti hE, eKiamtiankautriao,nMb,etOwhemeonr,peK.r, fNoosrhaito,e Rf,atKtay waacsdhsiwmiahY,di2f0f0e1r,ent A1`c9Na9Ir0Bb-oOn1W9ac5h,1a,1in929l19e,n9g9Mt0ih,euinnkew.r1aat,ts,e1i9Ct9h1se,dm.oT-ehBieisotHlea.lgiuInnetg,eernTachtBe.o,Nd1ee3tm4he,enr2a0Wn3ad-ts2e1r6, Kamerstukken fl, OECD, 199, Repoofrthte worksahothpeextaploaf tabiorotrny sat tdoexvieciltoypdmaetnat,toOtEhCeOreaElnveinrvoinrmoennmteanlt.MoOnrgoagnriaspathisonNofor55e,coPanrosm,icFrcaon-coeperation and. EONEVCIDI,M2/0E0X2C,H(D2r0a0t2a)s8s,esPsamres,ntForfanpceerfvrooctane sulfonate and is sls, dlDaoetfar,ti,nRWgV,Mm-1ar9xe9ip2mo,rutmVntoMo.leg7ri1ab9dl1ae0nc2co0ne1cd8eo,nctiurtamtheionovtne,sn(,cWsTTthCeo)iNrecotlhmoegrstcialnngdelsfefsepcetcsisetovmery TRrIaVsA,TrPepo(rt4)6,012500011,01G2u,idBaintchoevdeonc,uTmheenNteotnhedretrainvdisng environmental ik lis, TTRhPe,N2e0t0h2e,rlTaenldosmer Reseach Program, resentation at DuPont, May, Dordrecht, UFeSbErPuAa,ry22000,2,20D0r2a,tWhaaszhairndgatsosne,ssD.mCe.ntoUnfipteerdfuStoartoeoscotfaAnmoeiriacciad andfssas, bVarniRkin,enJ.miVlaeun-eSfreacateenn,, NVMU,iWtiglelvesr,,J,Am1s99t5e,rdHaamn,dTbhoeekNebteshteirdainndgssmiddelen, VQuaanltSytacsrliteenr,ia,NEMc,otoDxe.nnEenvmiarnon,.CSAa,,11988,9,34E1c-o2t5o1cological evaluation of soil R1e7f3eprMie,mnec1pe9hs9ao9lf,etsPoRpxrOioScm:teylat9ess6)t-,shWoiurdistfaetiIcnatceumatteitonoail lLtte.stEswtiotnh,thManfyatahneda,dUmniintnedow 2. 3ESntMav,tiers1oo9n9fm4Ae8mn,tea9rl6i-lcahaboourrattoorxyi,ciStty. tPeasutld,aMtiansneusmomtaar,yUPniimteedphSattateessroofmAemlean,ca3M 3. 3mStMia,ntens1o9ow9f7(A3Pm,ieAmrceiupctahealtosnipcirtyoimtyeolfasP),30A2s5cdecvoerploorpamteionnt,alDumlauttehr,iaMlintnoeFsaotthae,aUdnited 4. PS3aOMtS,e)s1,9o7Af9nA,aml9yet6ri-icHcaolauBrlaocCuhteemitsorxyiLcibteosrtattoorBilsuengi.l,SCuonlfuhmb(iFaC,-9M9i,soDuEnA,sUalntitoefd 5. PSaenasrcctoincsuolit,an1t9s86L,idP,otMeinstiiaslsfaourgae,nvOinrtoanrmieon,tCalaniamdpaact of AFA-S surfactant, Perflucroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment 7" 000414 Emon matey ears | 6. a 30, 20008o,nPReOS.: Wh4i6theoumrerstmataicsoantleLdt.oxaisctoen,stMwaitrhyatnh,caUdeneeranSut 5, ocSfhAoamramroeantEcatrofyPo.tassSiuam P,efuMonreosoocttasn,eUsnuiltoendaStaetoens oSfuAimvearlita c3,, 8 SThr saone cEunteeotnmrayniiabtsotarh.iSt.. PDaa,phnMiianngesnotaa,,U5n4i.eXd1Stastaeksof 5L.o ASr1ar5iia0e,,t AFccoruSptoera8tt.i9oo8n,yhoDuotfluPtsh3a,0cM25eacdsuetvaeeli,opcmUeynntaedltmtwaaittteehsrtiohefatolAFmrDeearspihhcwnaaitaer 11.nU5n9i.it3e0ti 0a0t.esPRcoOofSm:Apmre4ar9mi6actahud,oWtiaudceacrnutteromastocneesLdt.witEhsttohne,FrMeashewante,r ga 12.lU5n0ie0teSnd 0Ssa0teesPcoOsfSp.Armceor3miuctahuumyr,tWoiiitIesnttwmiathtothnesFLress.hwEaatsetrona,lgMaa(nAnda,bae 13.om5se0rq1u9aa8e18),, Miuldtephatseemaexbpoonsdusre1R.ecoEvxeorny,AlMgaalrsyaanyd,teUsntitmeedthSotdat,es30o.f 14.E5vn3v0iir3o0cn0m8e5np,teaPllRiOacSb:uorl2ta9or6iy,htuSte.r ptmaeolmcaMtinienosenssowtiLatd,h.tnheEexFdtroensS,htawMtaaetsreyrofadniAdam,teorUminciated 15.St3a0tes2t0eo0f7nA6a,mtePriRiOocSna:al47-dayEtxoxoinci,tyMtaesntfwaintdh,dUuncikewdeeSda(teLeofaAmgeiroibaca3). 16.F9im0ep3h0a0l0e0s,pPrFomSelaan,aWyidfeeeamgea.tronayl 1te.st wEixtthotnh,eMtarhyeansd,miUnnnitoewd 17.5SH0ot0ce.ag2m0oaf0n1At,maePtneocrnar0oocwainhensfsoSnaotee,p(oetpoamssummsacaocPhRuOsS):, WAfiofwe-through 1 15.Ia5n0tnroaartaoln.soyTfLhtcg.fgsExentodon,fgrcMoawortyhnanaudnd,sUsnaitueudrsoSfaetrxyplaooosffAutFrmaeeterthioesacTdaACmi7n8n0ow2 an i|| rpmiepshate promlay, S4G, Wareham, Mssschusets, United States of 20.Do50ti0hp1e9rs00mAacguntae,oWcifteemienm;atFoC-n1s43L,d3,0EExnvoinroMnmaennftaanldo,raUtnoerdy,StSat.tes ||\ Fa, Minnesota,Unfed SaofAtmereica | 2212..3PU5nMi0i,,mtee13da99h8S9a7a0alt,,ees9Sr6oaohftmaeAcemucletrauei,stctaaStTiMctnxoixioconiitmfyeoFtn-ft1Fa0yCl0-a31b2ot1or0atthtoerFyFaa.tthhStee.aaddPaMmlii,nnMnnioonwwn,esea, 1 23S.iG3m0ie0vp1eh9a9Sl6a8e,sArcoouftmAemete,rricnyavroofmCh-e10m1D5itsootnh,e HFaatmhpetaodn,miNnenowwH,aPmipmsehpihea,les 20S.vi3to.est1o9ef8,AmericWaaciuteesaebcetoasitcotrysoIfncF.XM-a10a1hessFa,thMeaasdsmacuisents, United |` iUnmiaepshSalaerroofmeAlmaesrhi,ca0 Enitonmental boron St. Paul, Minesota, | 25.rS30to,ems1a9o9nf5m8,TeARrc.uctWeitkorxiytyaboofrLs-t1o3n4i9e2itno.tMhaerFbaitchheeaadd,miMnansoswa,chPuismeepsh,alUneisted || Perfluoroalylated subs--Atquaaticnenvcironemenstal assesment tri 7 000415 CbRt Oe a-------- ceran ted State sectae, 3 tsaelst ooff | Aia ater and, ater algy Hang, bana ||| sof m a ited i| a now ated rough on of st:ates = a| toesd | . i:ted 263prMo.mel1a9s9.5.b.,T.ARc.utWeiltbouxircyitlyaboofrNat-o2r8i0es3-I2nct.oMtahreblFeahtehaeda,d Mmaisnsnaocwhu,sePtitmse,phUantietsed 27.E3SntMav,tiers1o9osfy9s0At,meemSrtDiaictviaicsaocnu,tHeatmoxpitcoitny,oNf eFXw-1Ha0m0p3shtiorteh,e UDnaipthendidS,taDtaesphonfiAammearginaa, 28.`3WMi,bu1r9y9l6a.borAactuotrieetsoxInic.c,ityMoafrbFlCe-h1e0a1d5, MtoastshaechDuaspehtntis,d,UDnaipthendiSatamtaegsnoaf, T 8. 293WAMim,lebrui1rc9ya9l5a,boAractuotreietsoxIincc.i,tyMoafrbNl-e2h8e0a3d-,4MtaosstahcehuDsaepthtnsi,d,UnDiatpehdniStaatMeasgonfa, TR. 30.AW3miMeb,rui1rc9ya9l5a,borAactuotreietsiIcnci.t,yMaorfbNl-e2h8e0a3d,-2MatsostahcehuDsaepthtnsi,d,UnDiatpehdSntiaateMsaogfna, TR. Amenca 31.MF3arMre,bshl1we9ah9te5eaer,d,AGlMgraaos,wstSacehhluaesnneadtstRtser,purmUoncdiautpcertdiicoSotnramTtuoetxsiuocmfi,tAyTmRTee.rsitWciwalibtuhrLy-l1a3b4or9a2toarnidestIhnec. 32F.rM3eaMsr,bhlw1ea9h9te5eafrd,A,lGgMraao,swstSahecfhaeunnsdaetsRttesrp,urmUondciuatcpetrdiiocSnotraTntouestsiuocmft,yATmTRee.rstiWcwiailtbhuNr28la0b3o-ra2toarniedstIhnce. 33.3M, 1996s,Growthand reproduction toxicityTestwith FC-1015and the 34.Mf3raMer,sbhl1we9ah9te6ea4rd,A,lGMgraao,swsStaechlheaunsnaedstttRrseu,pmrUocndaiuptcreitdciooSrtnnauTttoexusoircmfi,tATym.RTe.ersiWtciwalibtuhryN-l2ab8o0r3a-to4riaensdIntch.e, MFarrebshlweahteeard,AlMgaas,sSaeclheunseatsttsr,umUcnaipterdicSotmautteusmo,f ATm.Re.riWcialbury laboratories Inc., 35.l3aMb,ora1t9o8ry7,,SMtiPcaruolb,iMsinmniecsroottao,x UtensittweidthStFatCe-s1o2f6A,m3eMriEcnavironmental 36. 3laMb,or1at9o9r0yc,,SMt.icPraoubl,icMsimnincersoottoax, tUensittweidthSFXa-1o0tf03A,mee3rMiscEanvironmental 37.l3aMb,ora1t9o9ry6,,StM.icPraoulb,icMsinmniecsroottoax,tUentitweidthSFtC-1oa4f3At,m3eeMrisEcnavironmental 3398..l33aMMb,,ora11t99o99r66y1g,,,SMMtii.ccPrraooubblii,ccMssimmniinccerrsoootttooaxs,tteUensstitwtweiidtthhStFFaCtC-e-s11o10f81,5A-3mxeM,ri3EcnMaviErnovnimreonntmaelntal 40.`l3aaMnba,olry1azt9eo9rr5ys3,y,sStti.enmhP,iabu3il0t,4orMEyiennfvnfieerscoonttomaef,ntU1anlitl3eadboSrtt4aaottoemrsiy9c,orfSotAb.2miPecasruilm,ciacMriontnoexsottoax,icUtnyited States of America 4421..E33nMMv,,ir11o99n99m0e6dn,,taAAlccttliiavvbaaottreeaddtossrlylu,uddSggt.ee Prreeassupplii,rrMaaittiinoonnnesiinnohhtiiabb,iittiUioonnnittteeessdttSwwtiiattthhesFFXoC-f-1A10m00e13r5,i.3c,aM3M 43.E3EnnMvv,iirr1oo9nn9mmee5nn,ttaaIllnhlliaabbbiootrroaarttyooerrfyyf,,ecSStt..sPoPaafuulL,,'1MM3ii4nnnn9ee2ssooottnaaa,,ctUUinnviiattteeeddd SSstlauttdegseooaffreAtAsmmpeieerrraiitsiccoaan, 3M. 44.h3aMt,ch1a9b7i8lby,oTfheegegfsfeacntds ogfrocwontthinaunodussuravqiuvealooufsfeyxpoosfuFraethtoea7d8.m0i3nnonow A(Pmiemreipchaalespromelas), EG & G, Wareham, Massachusetts, United States of 4465..DE3unMPv,oinr1ot9n,8m1e2bn0,t0a2Ml,ullPatrb-eosprehantatosaretyi,eoxSntp.MosPauayurle,2/0M0Ri2en,cnoeDvsoeorrtdayr,eAclUhgntai,ltTaeshdseSatNyaettteehssetormfleaAtnmhdeosrdi,c3aM. 4487..p33rMMo,,me11la9s9)97,,A89sAc6clhu1toceourrtpcoaoxrciacu,tititeyonso,tfaDtRiuc1lu9tto0hx4i,ctMiotiynoFnafetshFoeCta-ad1,2mU8intniontFeoadwtS(htPeaitamedsempoihfanAlnmesoerwica U(nPiitmeedphSatlaetsepsroofmeAlmaesr)i,ca3M Environmental laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, Perflucroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment | iat EE -- 7 000416 rn WTESaTTESErTa TyeemoeeeogepyUrteSSagg, ST e A OT elChe e HehaeSuSeecreos SITreSEa e, s | I ALTsorststaa retrtnna tiSce net A A Te (StSakteelseotfonAemmeariccoastatum), Wildife Intemational Ltd., Easton, Maryland, United | i r---------------- ` w 000417 of Amer, | uluth, tesor Jofax. of moefrPcOys, ales oa n, 3 ragna, erica menca \ * * ! mysid I States ` ted ed | ! Jnited !| 7 Policy and governmental awareness 73 National environmental polices 741 Nethrands IpnubtlhieshNeadtiNoantailonEanlviErnovnimreonntmaelntPaolliPcyoPllyanPl(aNnM-P3,(N19A8P9-)4,an2d0t0h1e tmoergeenreecreanltly. envtihreonymeeanrt2al01p0oltichye oefnvtihreonNmeetnhtearllatnadrsgeitssdeasncdritbaerdg.et vlues must have been reached. Concerning the reduction of the risks caused by high concentrations of cPPehoremmyiiscsaPillbsal,nesoCpfeocn1i9cf8iec5n,iporTlaihtceoynttsaarr(ggeeMttsPsihCmapvalenydbtehteehneasNmeetgtiionngththleeeNxCactoeineocdneanltthEeantvMoiarnsosnim(meNunCtOma)lin h2e01s0e, vby ameaalrnes vgoufidpeerleivsneenstitohneyasnrde rnoetcegoalnysbirondufipncrg.otdWuihcteoinonnthperoscnevsrseosn,meWnhtiael Qruealhitoy sttaankdeanridnstoaraeccsoeu,nto.thTearrgsespsevcatsl,uessuacrhe1i5 npoeltiectlaanhdeteNcChriocal fheesty. bInactkhgerroeupnordtvoalnuei,ntegral standardisation on substances (NS, 1997) environmental qNTuhaCelicEtuytshetanavtnedwabaredtesnehspaeovt.elybeienredfelreicvteedd. For in th PFAS no Fourth specific quality standards, MPCs Note on Watermanagerment (4 wNaWter19m9a7n).agIenmteisntnotree tghent.argets and headinesofth polcy for the atonal 7.4.2 Other country specific policies/ governmental awareness. SUingintiefdicSatnattnesewofusAmeerruilcea. `The United States of America Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has i1anc3iitdciaahnteedmdiatcsasilhg,niiifnicclgaaunndthidnngelewopworuelsryemherourmlseolh(oaSgtNuUeaRse.)Tdfoher epeudrlfeirurooerqmouailprkeeysrlfmsuauolnfruoofnaoactcettsua.rneeIrtsscuoaonncndecrns. ti2hm0ep0o2orp0tp,earrstutonintoytitfoy etvhealnueawt tuhsee ionfttehnedseedcnheemwicuaslesntodUaSsEsPoAci,atgeisviancgitvhieesUS(ESPEAPA, HTahzeaUrSdEAPsAshesasmpeenrtfPorFmOeAd ahazardssessmenton PFOA. Th corecteddrat v2e0r0s2io8n.has been released on April 15, 2002 and is under discussion (USEPA, ThcemCaanadian goverment sperforming aenvironmsecnretenainlg assessment on CpoemrpuloertoeadliynlAsuutbustmann2c0es0f2or(pWoisnsdilbeletparior2y00c2h)e.micals. Thi assesment so be i T5h6e-6C9A.S1n,u4m6b00e.fr14.co07n6c3e8n3c,h1e7r1c3s-6035.5140B-T98,8.S3381A5E87,D5T7587580528,016060-2, np 261s 07000 Perfluoroalkylated sub-Asquatticenavionnmentcal aesesssment 8 Bares 000418 aE. EE UTnhieteNadtKioinnagldCoemnte for Ecotoxicology & Hazardous Substances of the United Ksuibnsgtdanocmeshaisn trheeviUewKend t2h0e01o.ccIutrhraesncbeeaenndnhiatzaaerddsaosfaperrefsupoornosaelktoyltahteddecison of p3eMrspecpthivaeseanoduttrtehse tpoerifnucoorropoorcattaenytlhechtemeilsotrmye.raTshwielsltu(dNyCtEHaSk,eas200b1r)o.ader TDheenmDaarnkish EPA has performeda survey of perfluorooctyl substances in consumer pwreordeucdtes.tecIntetdhr(ePeFDoSu,t oFfO2S1Apaunrdchna-sEeFdOcSoEn)su(mNeErRp,r2o0d0u2c).ts uorinated chemicals 72 Intemational policy! awareness `7T2he4Orgoakniosation or Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is caying oisubteainhgazdairsdcuasssesdeisnsthmeeoOnntECPDFOtSakafnordtcse soaflte.xiTsthiengdrcahfetmviecraslison(OoEfCMDa,y,201033,).2007 AOcnccoerdtihnegliynfdeocrimsaitoinso wisilavbaeiatbalkee,nthoinswtihllbneeefdolfooweindtebrnyaatiiosnkalasrisseksmsamennatg.ement (NCES, 2000. T7h2e2OSoPsAeRArConventionforthe Protectionofthe Marine Environment of the pNeorrstihsetaesnttaAntdanetccotohxaiscpseurbfsotramnecde.a Csealnedcitdiaontepsrowceerses soerlepcotsesdibflreobmiaoaDcciusmlhatQiSveA,R dwaetraebasesleec(tyedl, oeuttao,f 2a0t0o1t,alToyfl92etpaols.si2b0l0e2)s.ubAsbtaonuctes60(NpCerEfHlSu,or2i0na0t1e)d chemicals 73 Actions of industry i 7334has3pMerstfuodrimeesd many studies on toxicology. pharmaco-Kinetics and tenhvirreosunlmtesnotfalthfeastee satnuddieefsfetcotsthoefUpSeErPfuAc,iannadteddiscchuesmsiecdast.heTrheesyuhsawviethsutbhmeimteGdM, 2000). These data are avaiable from USEPA (USEPA, 2001). 7T.h3e2uniTteeldompeerrRfeosreaacthedPtreolgorammermanufactures (Asahi Glass, Atofina, Clariant, DcaoimkimnoannadmDounPgosntt)thehaTvRePsemteumpbe2rsr:ese8a:r2chFTpOrNo.grTahmeopnrtohgeraprminfcoicpuasleas wonmtahterreieal epfafrecatlstwuodireks.stPruebalmisc:attiooxnincotlhogey.oppehnaremraactokuirneeotficsstuadnydreesnuvlitrsoinsmeennctoaulrdaagteed.and Ehyndvriorloysnimse,ntaadlsofrapetoann/ddeesfofrepcttisotnu,diaeesrtohbaitc ranedianncaleudreodbinc dtehgerardeasteairocnh, aprheotolysis palnadncwhirlonaikcettowosmcoortiesyyheaarnstdodacpohmnpildse.tef(iTsRPa,nt2i0c0i2p).ate that the current esearch 7`A.s3a.h3i GAlaPsMs,EArteosfeianrac,hApursomgoranmt, Dakin, DuPont, Dyneon, Mite, 30 and Solvay PhlaavsteicsseMtaunpuafarcetsueraerrchs ipnroEgurroapmeo(nAPPMFEO).A uTnhdeeprrtohgeruammbrfeolcluaseosfotnhetAwsosopcairaaltlieoln of wEnovrikrosntmreenatma:lpfhaaermaancdo-efKfiencettscsstuadnidesetnhvaitroanrmeinntcalluddeadtentahndeefrfeesecatrscthudpireosg.ram | aarnetaidcspoartpetditohn)adetshorcptuiroenn,tcrhersoenaircchtpolaxniwtcilolifaitskhye, adnaopthhreira yaenadratlogaceo.mptlsete (APE, 2002), | ----ere | Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment 82 | | 000419 ey ono -ume cag 517008 | > JLaie, py ted ROM. wwn,a | ;~ --yr 7wat 7.4 References R43e1g,Ne2Wr0,n0g01a,9v9eo7to,emrFeoomuferntMh,r.NTooZteeHooangtuoWebta.thTehUereSmEaNPlneAat,gaerAmapenend,s20V,er2d0e00Nota Wateushosing AMaPyM,E,Do2r0d0r2e,chAts,sTohietiNoenthoefrlanadtse Manufacturers Europe, resentation at ugar, TlINooSec,hN1e9nt9th7ee,rrdnaenepdussteemeNntolre tWeenlgroteosfint-egirealukNwoarmltteeltisnngoomenn.odsehre,bwaatpeer cNoEnR,su2m0e02p,rNoadtuicotnasuEbnmviitoenmde1t0alOEReCsDeaPrRchOSsEtec,onDenDmnaercks,ioPnOGSrinp NMP (1589) Nationaal Miubelditan, YROM, Th Hague, The Netertands TNhMeP-e4he(r20a0n1d)sNationaal Miieubeleidsplan 4, VROM 2001047767, The Hague, CoNfoCnoEtcSdc,eurn2et0nl0co1ev,eavNnaidtoiswon,aalEsnCveinortfornepmfeeonrtrGAcgutoonsnyce.loWdaglysn&ugblHsoatrzadan,rcdeeouss SubKsUntlga.oncoAemsp:,oReview EOENCVD/,IM2/0E02X,CHDrGa0f0taDS,sParsFoafrpceeerucnrocttanesufonateands as, TTRoPe,N2e0t0n2e,riTnodosmer Research Progam, Presentation at OuPont, May, Dordrecht, PTATeS aHn.dLaVrsAenP, Hb5y. sWeodfebGyeS,AR8s, sNuebmmilt,ed1,to20O0S1P,AeRn,tCaotpeiroangeorf,powteantinala dCToiepeetnHha,aLgiaernns,enoS,fpHeSo,renWateadlebPyOeT, n5d, Svime,s,byPeudseersoefnQKSrAogR,,T,cNeeld,62S00n2,, AUcUoSSsmEEsmPPeuAAsn,,si22cm00ae00tn2o1it0,of,nUPUnwniiittetehedMdriS.ttaatftHeeessruEmEnavnancivddridorernos.mnneWmnoedatnast5lachsliPurPtnortogeta,wcetcit0aoin6no,nsAiAigngecencnc.scyy,,aperr.restosonnoaHeflasAzarurdtceas CfAmercs 7SU,aSRlEifPooAn,.a42e70s.0FW2ai,snhUainnligteteodannS,daOtSCus,ppUEnlnievtmoeendnmtSesanttPearsolopfPorsAoetdemcRtuiaoln, AFgeandcyo, Reerugrnoavlayle cDa tiescnuisnigonaspsaepesrs,meEnntioofrpmeentrCauracs russooenrotCc(onFasOdrsnanedare-- d co-- mpet, Perfluoroalkylated tie substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment 000420 83 | | | Perflucroalkylated substances - Aquatic environmental assessment 8 | 000421 | List of Annexes AAnmneexx!] UDiasttaofRAeblbarbeivtiyatIinodniscator AAnnnneexxiVlv MProeduccthioanponrfoicAesFsFsmeEs AnnexV DermaotfiMPoCns Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment Alt 8s 000422 er ----a Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment > | | 86 000423 ! Annex 1 List of abbreviations SS22FFTTAMA TH1HI.HIZH2HH22HH ppeerrffluuoorrooooccytll amertahtaecyate SBI2FFTTAOH THTIHHIZHZHH22HHppeerrflfuoorroodoecctyanadcrylate BBI2FFTTOMNA 1H1.1HH.I2HH2H22HHppeerrffuuoorrooddeecciynomlethacrylate 110222FFTTOONH TH11HH.2H2HH22HH ppeerruuoorrootedtordaedceacnanlol AAPME AqAsuseoociuastiFoinrofFPolrasmtiicngMFanouafamcturers Europe aacee BBlioosccocnucmeunltaattoonnFFaaccttoorr a8m0e0 SoloomgaigcnailcOartiyognenFaDcetomrand coGopa COhoedmeiccyaldOexmyegteinylDaemmmaonndum sat oircl, OtCoanceRneirlaatbiiotnytIhantdccatuosresaneffectfor50%ofthtested organisms Pier lleecctrroocnhCeampctaulreuDoertnecattioonn w&w, ELqeuviellbtrautmcpaaursteisoann efctfo 50%ofth tested organisms sBYac FlEuqouriebsrcieunmceCrdietteercitoinon(Mode) aOcSA eGarsfuCohrrooomcattaongersaupfhoynamid HiACC ie HIinCgdhi-copaetrenoMramxacintmchaeaeltUiPnuehnimidoiissCts5hl0reo%Crmootnfcoategnrhtartptaehtsyitoiend oroganinsms iCcs `UCqounicdenCthrartoimoantotghraaipshye. hor5a0% ofthe estedorganisms wLOrRE LLoewveelstthOatsbthsaAdeovre5rr0s%e vfoeftcehtLtedevsetledorganisms e(0y0 LiLmiittooffQDueatneticfviocnation wspc MMaasssiSapecPterrommiesstirbyleConcentration AAEEIFFOOSSEA netthhyylpperrfloorroooocctaannee suuflofnoanammiiodethanol APEEIFFOOSSEEAMA Etthhyylppeerrffluuoorrooooccttaannee uslffoonnaammiidedtehhyyl amyeitahtaeciate n-MeFOSE n-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidethanol NnwO-RMAeEFLOSEA NoNonub-cMseeetshrryvlMaepgdenrefAtlduivocerroRsoeecstoEanfneaecnstcueClofnocneanmitdreatthiyoln acrylate NNOOEELC NoNoobosbeerrveeddEEffeeccttCLoenveclentration POeFsCD OPerrgfaunoirsoaatliloynlfaotreEdcsounbosmtainccCeos-operationand Development PPrraoss PePrefrufouroorboudteycyssuullffoonnaattee hinPerfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 87 000424 ranit-- PPHHpAA PPFOHAS PrPFOOSSGE POprSs E pPoOd W ppm aPsraFEr RIKZ TrSNeUR T0RY uNsTpFA VWIWNTP ppeerrfflluuoorroohheepxtaannooiiccaacicdid ppeerrffllluuoorrooohcetxaynloisculafcoindate pne-rpfelrufolruooorcotoyctsyusluflofnoantyel-N-ethylglycinate pPeerrfflluuoorrionoactteadnseusruflafcotnaynltsfluoride PPuabrltiscelyrobwinlelodn treatment plant Parts per millon QPuoalnyttiettraatfiivueoSrtertuhcytiuernee-Activity Relationship SRiigknsiifnisctainttuuNtevwooUrsKeusRtuleen Zee (Insitute for Coastal and Marine Management) TTeecthrnailcuaolroGeutihdyalnecnee Document TUeniltoemderStRaetseesaErncvhiPrroonjmeecnttal Protection Agency VVeerreenniiggiinngg vTeaxntiNeelidnedrusatnrdiseeNeTdapeirfanFadbr(iDkuatncthenAs(sAoscsioactioantofnorofthNeetTheexrtleanIdnsduCsatrrpye)t Manufacturer) Wastewater Treatment Plant Perfluoroalkylated substances - Aquatic environmental assessment To. 88 | 000425 i Annex II Data reliability Indicator Outs Relbilty ndcsor vIanlthueefdoatcaotmhpaturwearbeegpartohpeerrteidesf.orAtlhtihsosuugdhydaigfeerdescnsrtepmaentcheosdwsemreosftoyunrdeisnt in fanegree.nt cutcome, wel conducted expenments should ive values nthe Sr pServeesreanltrsetsuedayrcthweorsmapvretatnitedputboldiecavteiloonps ionnditchaitsosrsufboercdthavequablietyn. uosrd:thKe l 1ev5a8l8ua)tiandg dKaitmairscehleatay. (1997). Bot esevehers descr csr fo Koll7. 19A9n8al)ytciicdalesintfohremiantdioina,torin fou categories: acturery 52.. SEtxapteirsitmiceantianlfoirnmfaotrimoant,ion, 4 Conaborav information. ACodm1p. ound?W1asnothaenadnaalyrticmaeltmheotdhohadsabppereopruisaetde, antdhesumiteatbhloedorufthfecpnarttyicular GAtnaZstc.erdbesd?tAhveechaellmiecxaplerdiemennttaeldpbaryatmeestteirngs?Cemperature, pi, purty, etc) well AACoddn3.d.ucted sAItsrutedhtyeh?uendcaetrataiinntayccaonrddatnhceerwietthpe rresouosfodtfheautneosttchmeerinitnidtoenpeyedn?denty coaarctdehegroctraoyt.eegnToahrbeyleDcaotnthtaeaeiRsntesilmsaatiuyonoIfbndtihtceaehtaotlrraa(r OiRtdDyecoofvntsehtelfmooefoatvpsahurerieoeudmasenpetrowprieetrlhtaiinebsioiynnefor our categories sKiumdiessc:h eta (1997) use four eliaity scorfeos experimental dta-generating 21.. RReelluabbllee wwiitthhorutesesttoicst,ons, 33. NNoottrseslganlaeb,e. RAuddd2e1..ines "TaTnhndeepttreesfeesrsaaarrbletyponsetcrofemonpmtieladyanccpceeowrfidoitrnhmgGeodtooadnccLeoarbmodriaanttgotorynitPesomecactienipetoaenda(llGtlLeyyPst lcaceocnetpciticeddaletyessaicgncuveiepdstetalibignlaeets,.ionNsevtehratthhealvesesntohocfofnadlitoenstsiangreisdeecenpt,abuetThhias caarteegory Aindt3e.rferenTcehbeettewsetndteshigntsestthsautbasetaassniacgnnededthtoetmhesascuartienggorsyysmtaeym hoatvheetest Syasccteepmtasbnleot relevant relattiotohen exportohstestumerthoed snot AgeSn No elaity can be assigned if nuffin experimental deta re "eFxorerecvufatrieidowuinstohttersaetcssctsoruricdbticinrogtnsrt'ioaNieanvteeretsmhuaebploepsnlsae,lydfoaaratche cceavtaeteleugsaopttrgiyuotin3doeoefli4endsecsatnttohvabeterwaewsersleilgbneed Perfluoroalkylated substances - Aqua environmental assesment to -- 5 000426 uavsaeidlaabse,cormoboratie information, o as a firs estimation if no other data ae Bdootehsmneotthsoudpspclaaynfbinealusjefuul din gtheeoafmsrsfeeasbsinmlettnyt: otfheelaKbiiilmtiys.chTmheethKooldigdomeesthnootdgy `aedveatlauialteedd sweitthofthcreitKeniar.sAclhl draatnakitnhgatsyasrteems.uppFluiretdhebrymotrhee,3mMosctoomfptahneydhataav.e beer gaecnceorradtiinnggteoxIpSeOr,imOeEntCsDinorthEePAprteessetinntg.stTuhdeyrhefaovreebteewnillpemrofroermpreadct(ipcaarltitaolluy)s the Kimisch ranking ystem. References Keiviamliusacthi,ngHtJheAqnudarletaye,ofMe,xpTeirlilmmeannt,alU,to1xi9co9l7oAg,icsalysatnemdatecioctaoxpipcroolaocghicafolrdata Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 25. 1-5 KEonlvliigr,onHmPe,nt1a9l88P,roCceists aConfsotraEntvsa,luaTtoixnigcotlhoegiRceallaabnidyEnovfiLriotnemraetnutraelDCahteamiOsntry, 7, 287.311 Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 9% | 000427 day we wr, afaay iy, Twian on tray 0Nex il Productii on processes Introduction Pferufiouorroialkonyflaaotrtegdaosnuinbcstcaonmcpeosucnadnsb,eipnrwohdiucchehdydbryotgweon artouotmessooff nsyonnt-hfelsuiosr:inated or (paMrotlidaalvsfklyuoertinla.,ted19o9r9g)a,niocr croeamcptoiounnsdwsitahrepesrufblstuiotruitneadtebdycfolmuporoiunnedastotmosform ePElAeSc.troTcwheomiicmaplorftuaonrtinraotuotnsaonfdp2r)odtuecltoimoenriaarteiouns.edAlcioommmeetrchioadls:of1f)uarinaton kusnionwgnhi(gFihe-lvda,l1e9nc9e2m;eMtoallleftlu,or2i0d0es1)(CboFu,,thMensFe,teAcGhEni,quoersealreemneonttalimfpuoorrtiannetf(oFatrhee ocfomsmyenrthceisails soyfntpheersfiusoorfosaukryflacateadnts.ubIsntathnecefsolwillolwibnegdsiescctusisoends.th fist two routes Electrochemical fuornation tTehremeilneacttreofcohremtihceallafrlgueosrtipnaarttonbyis2b0e0i3ngGuMs,ed2b0y00t4h.e IMthciosmrpeaanctyi,onanadn woirlglabniec canoomdpeos.unAdnseliecnttrriocdcuuctedenitn iqsueiddoavnehrytdrhosuesehlyedctrroogdeesn,frleusourlitnieng(GiHnPt)hatsnuibcskteiltution owfatshdeehvyeldorpoegdenbyatSoimmsonosf tethael.orignan1i9c4c4o(m3p,ou2n0d02b).y f3lu1orbioneugathotmst.heTphastemnetthod 2im0m0e0d)i.aStienlcye,tbhuetndtdhansotbheaevneuasneyd caomamecrocmimaelrcaipapllipcraotcieosnsubnyt31M95f6or(Rmeocrheert,han T3h0eyeoavresra(lNoreelacettioan,s1t9h9e6)folowing: I " N 2 IAC Sor LATATATA CH,SOFF +17 HE 1-Octanesufony fuorde os NN 5 GRSOFeTTH, Perfuoroactanesulfony fluoride and existsoftwo subreactions, at the anode and cathode (Alsmeyer etl. 1994): Caantohdoed:e: C.HX+2H0EH ++ 2C0L8EX>+nb2,0H 2ne mPeOtShEyils fpuetfhleurorroeoaccttaednewistuhlfmoentahmyildoe(Ne-tEhtylFOaSmAi)n.ea,nrdesuslutbisnegqiuneNn-teltyhywlit(haentdhylene (caNr-bEoFnOaStEe).to Nf-oErLmFeOtShEeranNd-mNe-tMheylFOoSr EN-aertehtyhlepeprrfinucoirpoalocbtuainledisnuglfboloncakmsidoofe3tMh'asnl product ines GM, 1999), -_ Pefuoroalkylated substances - Aquatic environmental sessment Tg 9 000428 | Vets ot aires Lio sossno rex wror [Tr R r rr r a S nT a e e AE r N M-- e CaeL rSaetnees `These percentages may vary from plant to plant, due to differences in raw are E Pont pS A Sa arAer tms r -- S I A eaerSyLyA , SOSMet ot EE eri Soeewe,ar2728, eT aA Ee edympeoerro oT ofCe oeme ane? aSantis, FE ------ = 000429 hydrogen --] a ad bneM i_ ps +HE pprus 5 nts o) f i . Telomerisation TusheedsbeycoAntdofiimnpao,rDtuaPnotnrto,utCelaorfiasnyt,ntahieskianofaPnFdSAissatheiloGmlearisssa(tiWoank.seTlhmiapnro&ceLsasntizs, `i1s9]9f4;orAmteofdinfar,om20a01m).onToemloemrerasnadtiaonntiiatporro,ceRs.sobitnawihniecdhby1. acahapionlytmraenrsfeerproduct rteealcotgieonn.b(eKtiwre&eknOathrmaedira,l1f9r5o4)m.acIanttalhysftisatnsdtasgoemoeftohtihserprcoodmupcotiuonnd,prcoaclelsesd a pfuenrcftuioornoaallkgyrlouipo.diddeepsaernedsiynngthoensitsheeda.ppIinitcahteiosn.econd the iodide substtuted by a iTohdeifdier,stisntvoalgveeosftwthoestperposc:ess, the manufacturing process forthe perfiuoroalkyl n BCE IF (om, +F) +2, --=05C5t 2 Cl + nC CFE Thehaet,seUcVonldigshtteopusraedsicaalasdoiucracleisn(tWaatkesdemlemcahnan&isLma.ntzT,hi1s99c4a)n. bTehiinsimtiaantuefdaucstiunrging ipnrtohceess19is60d5ev(eRlaoop&edBbaykeHra,sz1e9l9d4i),ne in 1949 and adapted by the DuPont company rTehasopnriscaeroeftchoempprooupenrdtsesproofdtuhceedstvariintgismaptreroidaulcs.tiTonheroIu,taendi IhFi,gha.reThhieghmlayin aWgagkresseslivmeanan&d Ltahnttze,t1r9a9l4u)o,rethyiene i expensive and potenti explosive fInutnhcetsioencalongrdosutpa.geOonflyprtowdoucitmipoonrttahneticoodmimdeerhcaisatlopbreodsuucbtsstictauntebdewpirotdhauced dpierrefcotrlyoaflrkoamneCs.uJlf.onbyelincghlpoerrifdueo(ruosciangrbSoOx,y/l2cnacaindd(uCsli.ngIondlieruecmtlaysprreoadcutcantts)caanndbe p8rooudpucoefdcbhoyiecteh,ytlheunsatfioornm,ifnogllRo.wCe,dHb.Xy s(uWbasktsteultimoanno&f tLhaentizo,di1d9e94b)y,awfhuenrcetiRo,nal rinedpirreescetnrtosuatepearrfeutohreinmaotsetd iamlkpyolrotapnt.intTehremecdoiamtpeosufnodrspethfautorarienaptreodduscuerdfacvitaantthis pprroidmuacrtyibouni,lwdiintgh b1lHo,ck1.H,2H,2H-perfiuorodecanol (32 FTO,seefigure 1.2)as bDeufroinrgmtehdebtyetlohmeerriasdaictailonraelacstoiCon4.aTnwdoCtShlerodcaen ithmipsoprrtoadnutcptoisosnibplreocbeys-sp,droudeutctostchaenfoblelofwoirnmged with reactions (Rao& Baker, 1994). " Rw IFRE,+06) 2 2RISRR = 5 Fp rEF ou,ou5on tSnetd,e dv dSyETTOH oAflltuhnedersaidirceadl pmreocdhuacntissamr,eornelmyolviendeabypedriftuloraoi-onn-.alTkhyilsicsoampsoiumpnldespraroecetsosbeBecause: expected Perfluoroallylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment + 93 000430 \ Compaenot production process || The most important ifrence between the two mor production process of 1PFnSd,wisithee fginaal yprodduecpte.ndEelencttroocnheemiScaarlifnlugorvinagtinon cmaantporonduace allhtypes oofrPFS CrPeeapteiysehnEstCsiEaawnadyynvcicndgbnmy WeFhoutron,rioduhacvtPA OS and0HOaRn,tAeorrteadpe, ic cWpuoirmtneyroesfcaotoeodnhhpelrmorceeossdsuueacrmoaoagoppnuoarrntdtatnhetlhofmerespesraeot,donucrTefercroemodpjvrose,coamkeo ttchhe e rHcuoanadnasrtownsseTophbuettatiemnhe.roTseoaHipooemnfuoonendasetesvdirepordoowudeucrcbhoyoptrieosdsatcsrvnodrapmrcmesles ohrveaencpb eeoirodchor oetfmhpceuuvesnns ttahantedaddrdsbnyaonbrcaestdomvpsa.eoArmpferunomesudtaotcnemo3hn0e.%hionfvchtoemoSceyt.to raa.de30o0l1b)ranches wheres he eomers wi ov Set So ch exLaecsprttotohhraeaemleyapterxBipecepeniidvnieafeoprrnondcpuecrtbosecatewseaeetlhaeaetwlocpahrotopc.eMs9e,5aT0leylwopmpearaehne 1995 Cd in ody & Fld, 000. act ures ae nt ule References t3Mr,a1d99,vrFioornacthrpncaMuises, tdsat,ibuUtSoAn and reese ven company i5M,e2000a8m3ePhSamsaipngrouot sRomle opfrespsec0it0lt0ey tnnedsle , rss ls, May 16, eP3Me,uro2rn0o0o05c,taVonleusntaafroymUfsueaannddeEGxpOosuSre1f.oPralm.aMtionnPersooftlae. United Stsof S39e,o20n01, evi with Mr. Co, European Tosclogis Manager, Antwerp, GASMbe.me2ry0e0ar2,cYcWem, CRhuicodhs,voaWtmVo,nsaFyOnnKd,/sRsMp,l1kMaasr1oers,2.GmG0,eSowS/mmie,l2t,ReEr,oUCoS,.Pa1(9tG41t,,21.95914,9983 NOerwgvoatn, oUhn.cchrpatme:5 rincipes andcommrilaplication Panam Pos, Aton, 2001, several neal documents FCci ohmapPirit1s9p9Ir4mi,WnTchpeleesFoantrdooccpohm,mmcenlcullmuasspt,lyicba.ttOioorn,g(Pa4e3nr,uo1m9nP9r%perC,ordwupocawtnnfrodireneGSA, Cops IKnitesRoEenOctehsenry,doOFp,o1d9i54I,hE.ncnyodwopveocri,aoSfchhemi technlogy, Voume 13, he | pKisas,n,200M1,aueriDnaetekd nsukr.fNacetwanYtsorankdUrehpels, 2 eon, vied and Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment EX 000431 Te ABA Ga a Stay, Fat, GG. 59, hecanofpest counts Fat pa ": ea tt Pl we Er OPe darclae, -- ee Cp ST SO AATgat aa! e JT. Faluo,rinetChes em. 839,303,1-a e40 l fde nda rst, Bk A A Sr . ny os See pee 79. Teth hh " Tameanstrsun1998 Prob miese andes, o Gr, Ef of electrochemical fiuorination in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (Simons process), J. te emery ve os . " Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment 95 Tinks 000432 || Perflucroalkylated substances - Aquatic environmental assessment " | % 000433 ANNEX IV Mechanism of AFFF AFFFlEditys30eh0d0ebmTyreesesvneroaitafypeisno.fgofteorse ,dlincgipnaigomfse ide,par1m9e9n9s8 aMoaordyts& thebuming lid Ned light water, because they form 2fim on "The 1fi1re fB Tihgehticny gampeacbhlaynitso.m osfeafoatmheiobaasseedd on0fdourSpinceies fLoutmtecro,n1t9a9c8:oth 52.. TLhoewrdmealnsayn.i. i 2 Cotinogy he water tha prelate trotuhegfouhn, eTheeidsatweorpirirntcaicplaenstasrefparrtiamlilyshbeasse1sownattehre: Ppreetpaorees sac As i Tenata mica, ths pric covering the burming Rog wi ens om | Corpatrto,i19p9r9o;viMdoesodbyut&terFigeldp, 2o000t)h.e material in flames, producing a cantooi \ cpCoeovrmeobronnd(ntFdoiigneuderesdouofrfaecttbaynadtlsr,oca19tr9oe9sn)p.onsiTabhnlede o . fcotr otcheaocoovnerianngd. r`Tchecufiplmosnfosromiesdtobnys |ma>mmemoem| no Sr consist of onclayer wthwiesoe mdvioexmeisdnatmeodnsolabyyerrs tehoef pon sulctant ard the aqueous. |e | pe i Qo| Fawatv1. Toa mechan wo (ho&Fod,d200y0)" hydrocarbon phase is dominated by the hydrocarbon surfactant (see figure IV.1) Samoti. fightingfoams (Moody &Field, 2000) TThoe Cfimbythpaitraiscafrobromnesdsuisrflaecstanpt,etrhumseprefoventhienpgtraneegivaoponurosf ttheanfutlhGeaibmosn Copan 1595 Moo&didy, 2000). aSReefiereaSnscmevase,rsiFolnuoStr.ocPhaem,icMailnnuess,otad,itUsSbAution nd rlese oveniew, company eFiguneredgo,6R1C(3Rr,0i,nfiebpeadrroet,ysAppaLnadSaastbea~ddiwAnpi,lncg,abga1ab9ae99ln,afiSsechxit(einwncogeraodofddtefaoviaimntsa,c.cahop,mp)caQtuiiomnician LLoetamedr,, TWhie, N1e9t9h8e,raWnadtsesbepwantikheid van buschuimen in Dutch), RIZA, Mrooordyo,uCsA,fFietlhde,tJwA,e2n000t,e-PfegrhftuionrginfaoteadmssuEfnavcitoann.sScain.dTetchhenoeln.vi3r4o,n3m8e6n3t-s ePpambyeons,cMtys, fCourappartt,daInMs,0s19m99u,sFelsuorxinnacterdesusr,facAtcatnutasliCnhfiimreiqfuiegh,tuinyg f1o9a9m9s, (3L:e9s Perfluoroalkylated substances ~ Aquatic environmental assessment 97 HAS 000434 - Perfluoroalkylated substances - Aquatic environmental assessment | i | i %8 1 000435 , | Annex V Derivation of iMPC #FToror0lP5RaOSkfohowwoetroophicsleveles chan hrtle coven he vophc | (ECB, 1596) an sssmen actor of 50 spp i no TES `Thmegr/eLfo(rmea,ritnhee mMyPsCi.dvspheriamep)35 W/L. lowest NOEC, being 0.25. FForroPnFOA no reliable chronic NOEfCo fi or daphnia ar avaiable, nSoeoAmAuCrhfaor fbheAdpeprliviendgfarnomsethssmreepnotrtfasctLo EofC00TDo.eltestessestemLainrbe e of 300 g/L sFo2rFBT130FHTOH insuficien data area avaltiodaribvleaen MPC. EONTooeirSaahsreAhoecs.omhAmpsepftyihiocnde.gntaTndwasoaeascasurtemeeanLvatiEafbXle toaoroefd1ea0vrra0il0vi,atbhtleheeMtfhPreCeos,hwwfeaotlseorwsiMn1P4g.Ct5hm=eg1/4L.5 te REeoerfmeeorreeotnmci,meisosEinuoonrperecesilnavtCehi9eom3ni/(c6Ea7Cl/)sNBEuCoreo1an4u8,t8isT/ke9ca4hsonsinecsasilmsGekunsitedfasonrscnmeeeDwnotncfouomteeendxtssiiunnbgssutpapnocrets Sobsances ar 113 V, pa, aly eer------------e Perfluoroalkylated substances -- Aquatic environmental assessment. 99 000436 E...