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HWBB-0007815 Air Hygiene Fotmdation of America, Inc., 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., February I, 1937. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASE 59. CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, FOR YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1935. REPORT OF BUREAU OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. A. S, Gray, Pp. 411-462, Hartford, 1936. During the year 405 inspections were made, involving the more serious indus trial hazards, including especially dust in foundries, lead, solvent vapors and chlorinated napthalene. >--" It is aimed to encourage the reduction of not only silica-bearing dusts but all dusty atmospheres to moderate limits. The most fruitful appeal for control measures is based on compensation and economy. Ten pages are devoted to control of foundry dust with mwerous figures on results found in practice, and detailed recommendations for reducing the silicosis. Konimeter "grab" 0 samples have been added to impinger samples as a routine to supplement data on fluctuations in dust concentrations through time, location, operations and causative factors. Similar details are given from studies of rock drilling and miscellaneous dust exposures. In a long tunnel through rock with 10 to 15% quartz it was recommended that dust be reduced to 20 million particles per cu, ft,, in part by use of traps on drills. In a cotton picking room with 3.5 changes of air hourly a surprise was met when samples showed excesoivc concentrations of dust, of which tho settled portion contained 2S% silica. Some street sweeping machine operators were likewise fouad to be exposed to a potential but controllable 3ilicocis hazard. Lead hazards wore found Jn some cases, especially where the temperature of cltii* pots cxcc as 900 F. Dipping hot aluninum castings into nitric acid was foiaad not to be hazardous in one case. Sodium fluosilicate as a flux for aluminun was found to yield too much hydrofluoric acid for safety. Fumes from the drying of lacquers caused symptoms of poisoning. Triethylene chloride used in degreasing constituted a hazard in one case. Preventive measures, often simple, were reconnended in every case. Many laboratory methods are described fully, including determination of solvent vapors in air, determination and analysis of dust, and analysis of poisonous material. Educational activities are described. The total cost of the work for the year was 4 cents per worker in industries with potential health hazards. 60. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES. R. R. Sayers and J. J. Bloomfield, Am. J. Pub. Health, 26, pp. 1087-1096 (1936). During the first nine months of 1936 the number of State Departments of Health conducting industrial hygiene work was increased from 5 to 17, in addition to two states in which that work is conducted by the Department of Labor. The budgets vary from 7 to 77 mills per worker. The authors describe and emphasize the help which the federal Public Health Service can give states inaugurating such bureaus. 03117742 C! 0 References to Reoent Literature - 2 61. RECENT CHANGES IN THE PAINTERS1 TRACE. A. Hamilton. U. S. Dept. Labor, Dir. Labor Statistics, Bull. no. 7 (1936). The painters1 trade has always been unhealthful above the average, as shown in.various statistical records. The advances made in industrial hygiene during reoent years have not as yet registered their effect on these statis tics. although in many branches of the industry such advances have been striking. Naturally it will require a longer time before the improvement oan be shown statistically. The improvements in the last twenty years in clude the displacement of lead pigments by harmless materials, especially in interior work and in mass production, aid the substitution of mineral spirits for turpentine. On the other hard, the growing use of lacquers instead of paints, and the use of the spray gun, have introduced new hazards, The solid materials are harmless, but the liquid components are not always,. Several of the new org&nio solvents are known to be poisonous, and their effect is ag gravated by the use of the spray gun. As yet no thorough study has been made of these solvents, except benzol. Although most of the solvents may prove to te harmless, it is well to take all possible precautions, including the use of local exhausts and abundant ventilation, end if these fail, the use of respirators. However, the only efficient way of protecting the spray painter is to select coatings tint are free fran poisonous constituents. 62. LEAD ENCEPHALOPATHY AS CAUSE OF DEATH? E, Beintker. Samm, v. Vergift., vol. 7 (Gutachten) pp. S3-56 (1936). Death of a worker in a storage battery foundry from pneumonia following se vere exposure while in a state of mental confusion raised the question whether the lead had acted directly on the brain. The quantities of lead found in the various organs did not confirm that supposition, but indicated rather that the mental condition could be traoed to on early progressive paralysis. 63. LEAD POISONING AS AN ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER. S Bazzano. Med. del Lav., vol 27, pp. 303-314 (1936). Cirrhosis cf the liver is not a common concomitant of lead poisoning and when present oan be traced to other factors, especially alcoholism. 64. ANGINA PECTORIS AFTER FLUE GAS POISONING. C, Krootz, Med. Klin, vol, 32, pp, 1521-1524 (1936). A locomotive ongineor sufferod an attack of angina peetoris following poison ing by flue gas when his train was stallod in a tunnel. Seven years later, and again thirteen years lator, ho was poisoned in the same way and the ill ness increased. It was somotimos considorod an accidont neurosis, but the higher court rulod that thoro was no connection vdth tho poisoning, Rie author shows from the literature and tho case history that a connection exists botween flue gas poisoning and angina pootoris and notes that heart injuries as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning receive too little attention. 65. NET.' SYNDROME FROM INDUSTRIAL POISONING. C. Bollesini, Ponsloro Med., vol. 25, p. 269 (Sopt,, 1936). A preliminary report on casos of industrial poisoning from absorption of dipher.jrl-arsinis acid through the skin, including one death. In other oases tho symptoms rogross after discontinuation of iiic work. The author em phasizes tho importanoo of protecting workers by oonstant attention to cleanliness and tho uso of pretoctiv clothing. 03117743 MHBB-0007816 - ..< y References to Recent Literature - 3 66. SECOND FATAL CAS2 OF LUNG FIBROSIS FROM INDUSTRIAL RADIUM POISONING. E. Tonges and H. II. Kalbfleisch, Frankfurt. Etschr. f. Path,, vol. 50, pp, 100-122. (1936). ' The authors doscribe a fatal case of lung fibrosis in a woman working in a radium laboratory. After four years of work, she fell ill of grippe with in flammation of lungs and costal pleura, followed by difficult breathing and great loss of weight. She diod two years later. Fibrosis of the lung was present several months earlier, and autopsy showed extensive drum.go to the lung, with radium deposits in various parts of the body, although less in the lungs than in some other sections. The lungs must bo oonsidered the chief means of entry of radioactive substances, both of radium salt particles and of the gasoous decomposition products of radium, 67. NEPHRITIC SYNDROirS CAUSED BY INDUSTRIAL POISONING `..`ITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. S. Franco. N. Y. State J. Mod., 36, pp. 1847-1853 ( Doo. 1, 1936). Two cases arc presented, both of~workmcn exposed to the vapors without ad equate ventilation. The kidneys wore affected in both cases, and troatmor.t was followed by recovery. A study of the literature showed two forms ef kidney injury, represented in the two cases. Details of the two forms arc presented, the principal difference being prosencc of albumen in the 'urine in one form and its absoncc in the other, 65, FATAL POISONING '"ITH NITROUS GASES, B. Both. Sasm. v, Vergift., 7, (Vergiftur.gsfallc) pp. 177-178 (1936), A typical ease of nitrous gas poisoning resulted from breaking a flash of nitric acid. The notable fact was the appearance of dyspnea (shortness of breath) and cyanosis (blueness of skin) \/ithin 20 minutes of the inhalation of the fames. 69. FATAL POISONING ITt ACETYLENE YIELDING (BISSONS GAS). R, Maorieke. Arbeitsschutz (Rcichsar'-citsblatt III), pp. 293-285 (1936). Two workers became ill after v.-clding for 10 minutes in a largo boiler with a snail opening, and one diod within a few hours of lung odern and other com plications. Experiments under similar conditions showed that dangerous quantities of nitrogen tetrexide were produced. Phosphine end other sub stances taro eliminated as possibilities. 70, ACUTE FLUORITE POISONING. Rohol: . Dcutsch. Ztschr. f. d. ~cs. gcriehtl. Med., 7, pp. 174-136 (1936) The author reviews 112 cases ef fluorine poisoning with 60 deaths, mostly suicides cr oases of mistake- Gaseous compounds re produced ir. superphos phate, aluminum., gas, enamel and chemical compounds; and fluorine compounds must hare played a part in the ,'cg catastrophe in Belgium in 1930. The symp toms are .cute irritation of the stomach arc. intestines, tetany-like cramps ar.d paralysis. 71. HESEr.E'I" ir LI GET I2T.il DELATE TO EXPERIMENTAL ANTALS. G. Gcrlactu Bruns. Bcitr. x. 1:1 in. Char., 164, pp, 430-436 (1536). Needles c f various metals, pointed at both ends, were sunk into the liver and musoulati cr. of animals. Metals with a high percentage of magnesium have a damaging action resembling microscopic cuts. The author attributes the cffoots to ths reaction between magnesium and water, liberating hydrogen in bubbles throuphout the tissues, which breaks down and servos as a favorable r.cd far infection. 03U7744 hwbb-000 7817 06 References to Recent Literature - 4 72. COk-PARATIVE HISTOLQCtIC.J. .UTD Vu'ANXTTAnVE SFSCTRCGRAFHIC STUDIES IN EXPERT- p s oa =a 1 ca ca VENTAL UEECGRY POISONING, R, duller and E. Sohoinor. Arch. oxpt. Path. - Pharmkcl., 160, pp. 718-73C (1-938). There is nc correlation between the degree of damage to the intestinal mucosa of guinea pigs by r.creury salts ar.d its mercury content* The 3omc is true in the Sidneys when they arc affected. 73. RESE.iRCHES ON THE TREATliENT OF HYDROCYANIC ACID POISONING CV5ED BY II,-HALATION A', Mirth. Arch. f exper. Path. Pharr.., 179, pp 558-902 (1935). The study of hydrocyanic acid poisoning has become highly important on ac count of its increased technical use* The author has investigated 60 sub stances and mixtures to determine how far they can reduce the effect of hydrocyanic acid poisoning. The animals used - cats, rabbits, rats, mice and pigeons - were first poisoned until the respiration ceased while the heart continued to function, then put into chambers in which the various substances were introduced in vaporized form* Sodium carbonate was found the most effective of the substances used. Its ffect was confirmed by cxperimenes cn the isolate frog's heart. A characteristic fall of pH in rabbits treated with hydrocyanic acid was fallowed by or. opposing rise when grape sugar and methylene blue were ad ministered. No good results were found in experiments with substances pro ducing mcthomoglcbin. These extensive investigations show that the great est reserve must be held regarding therapeutic measures for severe hydro cyanic poisoning. Only under particularly favorable conditions can suf ficient of the poison be neutralized to save life. 74. KETKEIOGLOBIN ANEHIA AFTER ETHYLEHE NITRITE POISONING. K. ... Soggcl, Dent5eh. urah* f. klifi. Kcd., 179, pn 353-361 (1936). Four workers who had breathed ethylene nitrite showed choeolatc-brown-violct discoloration of the skir. and mucous membrane, and a mcthemoglobin anemia. In all the color decreased markedly after a few days, and they were well in 10 days* 75. HETHYLENE SLCE THERAPY I? SOTRCBEJTZEIJE POISONING. H. D, Leinoff. New Eng land J, Ned., 215, pp 191-193 (July 30, 1936) Kcth-'lor.c blue, or. antidote for nitrobenzene or cyanide poisoning, was ad ministered intravenously to a mar. with or. extremely cyanotic and dyspr.cic condition, characteristic of either of those poisons. Nitrobenzene was re covered from gr-stric washings, and recovery was startling in rapidity. A brief discuss:cr. of the use of methylene blue is included. ?. T)-r EATSFELD FNEir.IOCOriCSES ON THE BASIS 07 FATHDLOC-IC.X-IOrATOlIICAI, RESEARCH. J. A e;en. Nova acta Lcopoldina, 3, pp 477-592 (1936). Pneumoconiosis has beer, studied in-this locality with unusual thoroughness, and a. number of papers have beer, published dealing especially with anatomical ar.d pathological aspects. The present paper combines all the material col lected, which is eased on 119 autopsies of pneumoconiotic cases. Only a few pcir.es car. he mentioned here: The dust of copper schist is black ns a result of its bituminous content and this color is what appears in the lungs. The most severe forms occur without tubercular complications. Softening and cavity formation .Iso occur without tuberculosis, evidently more often than with eth.r dusts. This softening leads to dust mobilization and therewith co a progression of the process after cessation of exposure* The Uansfcld pneumoconiosis is undoubtedly a silicosis; it has one peculiarity - cavity forms.tien. This pacer is considered one of the most valuable publications on silicosis. 03117745 References to Recent Literature - 5 HWBfl-0007819 77, THE Piles;clg:-i C. w RESPONSE a?F PEEREITOFEXL TIS3TTE TO CERTAIN INDUSTRIAL AMD pert ::i EEEfX Z"STS. J. 7- * filler i R. Sayers. U. S. Pub, Health Repts., 51. pP* 1677-1689 (Deo. t. t 1S36). Torious dusts "'C T injectcd into 1 to each eartic v.la r dust v.-a s const: be clas sified a 3 . an abssr -4- ivc, p: guinea pigs. The reseor.se "Is examined me reaction. In , atsorpt ivc rcactien ; the i; cr.vtty without the produc ti 'r. of . ;o:.r tissue. This reaction is giver, by cal cite , limes tonc, preci pi tr.tcd i shell:, gypsum. and cement. Interpretation of tat z react! on is diffi c-it, bu- : it appears logical that dusts which tend to remain ir. the tissues should be considered potentially harmful, although not as dangerous as these causing a proliferative reaction. In the proliferative reaction the modules produced by the dust continually increase in size. Quarts, tripoli and siliceous chort (foras of free silica) produce this reaction, which corresponds, therefore, to lung fibrosis and is produced by the same substances. In th. inert reaction, given by anthracite and bituminous coal, precipitator as!;, soapstone, talc, asbestos, feldspar, silicon carbide, hematite, c .lciun phosphate ami scricitc, th: amount of injected dust remained the same in the peritoneal cavity, but the nodules become more flattened and fine dust par a ticles are carried over extensive areas by phagocytes. With this biological method of classification, which, in a number of instances, has been correlated with clinical observations and industrial surveys, it is quite possible to use ir.trapcritoncnl injection methods to determine the pneu- m.oconiotic potentialities of a dust in a relatively short tine, usually 60 days. 78. THE PIEEE'GO' e.IOSES l" SOI .AES. S. L. Cumins. J, Hvg. Comb., 36, pp. 547-55C (Oct,, 1336). In the South Whies coalfield, many cases of lung disease arc ound which cannot be classified as silicosis, and arc not compensable under present laves. The author describes some of these conditions and attempts to classify the pr.cur.ccor.ioses into four trapes; (1) silicosis and asbestosis; (2) sili- co- 'nthrr.ee sis anf s:.l; co-sidcrosis; (3) anthraeosis of coal trimmers and scrccncrs, end (4) fihrctic aggregations of inert dust occasionally present in all types, ..specially ir. si If ec-ar.thracosis. In all types there arc ap pearances suggesting damage to -he clastic structure of the lung, which may be related to v em_physema (inflation of lung tissue) and dyspnea (short- r.css of breath) often found. im cr._rhvscr.a is not necessarily a eomponsa- tcr;` effect -f fibrosis as it often occurs with very little fibrosis, Bron- chitir, is ccar.or., probably as a result, r- l,.cr than a cause of pneumoconiosis, The amount o ' fibres is ivm damage ir. South hales pneumoconioses varies directly v.*ith inten and duration os' exposure to siliceous dust, as cxer.srri in she silica .tent of the dried lung. PATHOLC-CE C? TIE. FEE'E.QCOEIOSES. 'arenar, N, State J. Led., 36, pp. 1377-13'! (Cat., 1P3-J) This paper is a brief summary of h-.c anatomic changes produced by inhaled silica ar.' other dusts and the complications due to infection. Simple sil icosis, T.v.cr. manifested by ur.ifora modulation, dees not produce symptoms or incap..citato for v.xr':. A pars n with this typo of reaction may continue com; in.-, but z rr re dust exposure should bo avoided end yearly x-ray oxom- :r.S sheuld be made. e-wav r, if there arc massive areas of conglom erate fibrosis, usuellv associated wi- discrete nodulation, the patient will nave and limited capacity to v/orh. He should b< -given lighter :ed. ho person with open tuberculosis should be allowed to v.-orl: ir. silica. ;st. Persons over forty with well-healed adult tubcrcu- lesis car. be snf'ly employed whore there is a silica hazard, provided mean: o.rc tnhen t: mim.azc younger the individual with a similar cor.- t-f References to Recent Litcraturo - 6 HW B8-000/820 dittos, the lr,o safely can he be exposed to silica dust, A young employee with silico-tuberculosis should be given sanatorium treatment, 80. ASBESTOSIS: A ROENTGENOLOGIC REVIEW OF 71 CASES. K, R. Shull, Radiology-, 27, pp. 79-292 (Sept., 11F6). - A study of 71 cases of aebostosis is presented, with emphasis on roentgen ologic appearances. The eases were classified as to the stato of progression of the disease, which varied roughly with the length of exposure# Tubercu losis was found in about 12?! of the eases, mom' frequently in the more advanoet typo, The author tabulates ten radiographic findings characteristic of as bestosis, and concludes that "while the reentgonograri is tho most reliable diagnostic aid, the interpretation and correlation vdth clinical signs and symptoms is often difficult. Without the history of oxposure a certain number of slightly advanced eases will not be recognised," that "a fair per centage of the slightly advanced and modorately advancod eases do tend to im prove and the attendant disabilities to bceono lessened when removed from as bestos dust," that "asbestosis does net predispose te tuberculosis" and that from his obsorvetions asbestosis is not a progressive! disease, 81. THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SILICOSIS FROM OTHER PULMONARY DISEASE. G. G, Omstcin. N. Y, StRtc J. Med,, 36, pp 1382-1385 (Oet., 1936) The author challenges the general""bclief that tuberculosis is more common in silicotic subjoets and that that infootion is the most common cause of their death. He bcliovcc that many of tho lesions which are diagnosed as silico-tuberoulosis in tho rcer.tger.cgmn arc aotuolly conglomerate nanifestatiens of silicosis beoauso of tho absence of tubercle bacilli in the sput um and because the infection manifests itself so lato in the ocurse of the silicosis. He criticized the existing ovidonce for this belief in the case of the Barro granite cutters, the Picher lead and zinc minors and the N, Y, City rock drillers and points out that, there nay have been errors in diag nosis. Ho calls attention to possible error: ir. diagnosis and points out that "reported incidence of tuberculosis is too lew (1.8 to 5%) to be com patible with tho statement that "most silicotics die of pulmonary tuberculosis, 82. CLINICAL FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SILICOSIS. A. J. Lanza. N. Y. State J. Med#, 36, pp. 1386-1388 (Oct., 1936). Diagnosis of silicosis depends upon a characteristic roentgenogram of the chest, a history of exposure to silica dust onJ a physical examination. Where the silica hazard is severe, the author believes that "more or less complete disability nay develop from the resulting fibrosis without a com plicating infection. The silicosis seen in American industry today rarely disables without superimposed infection. Silicotic patients with active tu berculosis must stop work," Lanza would advise the man with definite sili cosis to avoid further exposure and thereby "hold his disease in oheek." He believes that if the employer tnkos measures to reduce the dust hazard the silicotic may remain at his regular work. 83. RESEARCH ON THE SILICA CONTENT OF THE BLOOD OF RABBITS AFTER PROLONGED INHAL ATION OF QUARTZ DUST. M. Sohonfelder. Arch, f, Eyg., 117, pp. 44-52 Oct,, 1S3G). . Two rabbits were fed potassium aluminum silicate c:ntair.ing 20?! silica, once a month for a year (quantity not given). The blood analyses at the end of this treatment indicated 1#6C^ silica, against contents of 2.3 to 3#9?! in rabbits exposed daily for 9 months to 2.5 years. The two rabbits wore then infested with tubercle baeilli. Six to eight weeks later the silica oontent remair.od the same, and the animals apparently had recovered from tuberoulcsis. The results again bring up the question of this type of thorapy as an aid in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 03117747 References to Recent Literature - 7 HMBB-0007821 -^5) A w2U) XT AD __ q -- 84. PSEUDO?!BEECULON- SILICOTICUM. K. C. Eden and J. Herbert-Bums, Brit, J. Surgery, 24. pp. 346-349 (Oct*, 1936). A nodule was found in the arm of a young girl who had fallenon a flinty road. Sixteen years later the nodule was removed and found to have a microscopic appearance exactly like that of a tuberculoma, with clumps of giant cells, cue no casor.tior. or tubercle bacilli, Many doubly refracting crystalline particles wore seen under a high magnification* 85. TiE RESPONSE OF IKE RRBBIT'S CAROTID ARTERY TO INJURIES: Pt. 2. TEE EFFECTS /CO, OF INJECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS VIRID.AD AND OF SILICA. E. U. Ramsey and D. Tf. Gaiscr. Yale J. Biol, and Ned., 9, pp. 43-44 (Oct,, 1936). A heavy suspension of finely divided sterile silica in sterile normal saline was injected into the ligated carotid arteries a 9 rabbits, which were > killed at the end of various periods. Detailed appearances are given, indicating considerable damage to the tissues, 86* SILICOSIS .AD TUBERCULOSIS. F, Capelli, Ned. del Lav., 27, pp, 289-302 (Oct., 193C). a The author discusses the mechanism of the development df true silicosis, and of infections associated with it especially tuberculosis. The prognosis (expectation of results) of tuberculosis complicated with silicosis is less favorable than silicosis of the same degree. Eight cases are described. ,7/r) '-A 87. FIRST REPORT ON JJ! INQUIRY INTO AFFECTIONS OF THE AT li PASSAGES AMONG COAL HIRERS I1T II0LL.AD. Vossenaar and Doubrow, Bull, Acad, Tied., 115, pp. 300 305 (1936). Observations were made on 600 miners, all employed over 10 years, to determine the extent of Injury from dust. Only one was found with fibrosis of the lungs, although 14 oases of respiratory troubles were included. The con clusions drc.wn are that the dust of the mines does not originate pulmonary fibrosis; no relation exists between exposure to the dust and the appearance of x-ray shadows; similar shadows may be met with in ordinary cases of tuberculosis; any infectious agent - but particularly tubercle bacilli in the case3 of thoso exposed to dusts may cause chronic troubles; hence industrial dusts are unhealthy factors. In the discussion i^iich followed the usual French doubt is expressed as to the existence of any clincal entity to be known as silicosis, and advice is tenderod to the Government not to ratify the International Convention listing silicosis as an industrial disease, 88, TIE COLLECTION TAD ANALYSTS OF AIR-BORNE DUST DURING TIE DRIVING OF EAED HEALINGS. J. I, Graham and F. Lawrence. Trans. Inst. Ming. Engrs. Lond., 92, pc, 1-11 (Get., 1936). The paper describes investigations of the average quantity of free silica suspended ir. hard headings and other underground places where mining opera tions arc carried on in hard rock. Sufficient dust for analytical determina tions wr.c collected by means of a "sugar tube" method, modifiod by replacing the sugar by potassium nitrate. Several hundred cubic foot of air wero usually necessary for a sample. The fclspathie material plus silica was first determined; the silica was then extracted, the feldspar determined, and the free silica then estimated by difference, with a correction for silica lost during analysis. The free silica contents ranged up to 44?!. Tho quantities were determined as grains p,r cubic foot, but by use of ostimated particle sizes, the results were converted into number of particlos per cubic centimeter. A concentration of 15 grains por cc. corresponds to the safe limits as determined in South Africa. Ythenovor procautionary measures were taken, whether wet drilling with adequate ventilation or the use of tho Hay dust-trap, the dust present was well below that figuro, 03117748 Roforcncos to Recent Literature - 8 HWBB-0007822 O a 5? 9. TrZ INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS CF DISPERSE SYS TEES IN AI R AND GASES, R. Lessing. Trans, Faraday Soc,, 32, pp, 1223-1233 (1936). A general introductory paper on a symposium on the industrial aspects of aerosols, hold by-the Faraday Society last summer. It presents a review of present knowledge of dust, smoke, fog, flue gases, mining dusts, and methods used in separating these aorosols from air. It also points out directions in which future work should be carried out. 30. modern ihthcds of detection and determination of industrial gases in the AZIOSPHEHE. E. Lcclcrc and R. Eaux, Rev. universcllo mines., 12_, pp. 293-298 (1936). Methods of dotocticn of various gaseous impurities in air are roviowed, 91. GRAZE ITCH. Fed, du Travail, _8, pp. 90-113 (1936). Grain itch has been declared a compensable discano in a French court. Dock laborers handling grain cargoes arc especially exposed to it. 'Same men become inured to exposure, but others develop a sensitivity that may manifest itself asurticaria or asthma; immunity, however, is the exception. Tho exciting agent is a very snail parasitic insect, the life history of which is riven. Prevention lies in freedom from exposure to infection. Disinfection of the grain is difficult. 92. CALCIUi: I DIABOLISM -HD THERAPY IN DERMATOLOGY. E. S. Lain. Southern Hod. J., 29, pp, 626 (1936), The author finds that many so-called industrial dermatoses respond satisfactor ily to calcium thiosulfate or gluconate solutions administered intravenously, supplemented with suitable doses of calcium gluconate or lactate taken in wator. The danger involved in intravenous administration is stressod and suitable dosos and technic arc formula, ted, 93, OBSERVATION OH INDUSTRIAL DERMATOLOGY. H. R. Foerstcr. J. A. II. A., 107, ' pp, 247-252 (July 25, 1936), A general summary of the subjoct, describing compensation laws in the differ ent states and the dvantages and disadvantages of different types of such, lews. Several groups of skin diseases arc discussod. The author urges cooperation of dermatologists with industry and legislative bodies. 94, CI2MIC..L BURKS OF T.L EYE. 0. 77, Moss. New Orleans Mod. Surg. J., 89, pp, 302-3C6 (Dec., 1936). Copious irrigations with water are considered better than attempts at chemical neutralisation. After irrigation, however, alkali bums should bo neutralised with 1-J acetic acid, and e.cid bums by 5-10?, bicarbonate of soda. Glyccritc of tannic rcid is also useful for alkali bums, and a neutral solution of ammonium tartrate is of value in clearing corneal opacities after lime bums, 95 INDUS TRIAL in INJURIES "3 7i2IR PREVENTION. J. "ir.ton. Brit. J.Ophthal., 20, pp, 673--662 1936j. The Royal Eye Hospital is in a highly industrialized section of London. -bout 5510 patients out of 108C0,in the casualty d partment in 1935 had suffer ed industrial eye injuries. The ratio- was the same in the first half of 1936, About b.-If of these patients were emery wheel workers, and 30/J more wore engaged in turning, boring, soldoring, drilling, welding, etc, Tho common types of eye injury arc described and statistics arc given. The high frequency of such accidents is due to lack of safety measures and indifference among the men. Safety devices arc described* ' ' 03117749 MHB8-0007823 T / 0 References to Recent Literature - 9 96. A LEV.' EYE- SHIELD FOR USE IK INDUSTRY. C. G. K. Sharp. Brit. J. Ophthal., 20, p. 683 (Dec., 1936). ` ^Tis shield has a flexible head band to which is attached a metal plate with a double ball and sachet joint. On the end of this is a note! frame carry ing lanir.atod glass (for minors) or r.ica *r pause for other trades. As this frcr.c stands orrt from the head, there is plenty of space for ventilation and it can be turned up when not in use or removed and put in a pocket. 97. FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONDITION OF LINE AIR. PROBLEMS ARISING OUT OF TEMPERATURE AID HUMIDITY III DEEP .'IKING OK THE VilTtiATERSRAID. F. J. Tror.p and J. P. Duminy* J. Chen. Met. lfir. Soc. So. Africa, 37, pp. 8B-93 (Aug., 1936). A mathematical paper demonstrating that the final temperature of air hpnidified at the bottom #f a dry shaft is the same as that cf air humidified on the waydown to the bottom of a wet shaft. The same amount of moisture is introduced in both cases. This confirms Tror.p*s theory as given in an carler paper. 96. AIR FILTERS IK AIL-COIDITIOKIKG SYSTEMS. F. B. Rowley. Refrig. Engin,, 32_, pp. 322-226 (Nov,, 1936), The author has compared both dry and viscous filters, using the standard A.S.H.V.E. procedure. Carbon black and ash were used in one series and lycopodium powder in, another. One test demonstrates the longer life cf a filter v/hose air passages become progressively smaller in the direction of air flow, as compared with a uniform filter. Several other tests shew the higher dust-arresting power of a viscous or cil-coatcd filter having the same resistance as a similar dry filter. Lycopodium, typical -f pollens, is oasily filtered from the air. 99. FAN SELECTION AID EONENCLATURE. A. A. Ecrcstnoff. Refrigerating Engin., 32, pp. 175-179 (1936), This article is informative and valuable, not so much on the choice of fans as in clearing the nomenclature of fun engineering. It goes a long way in elearing up much of the confusion in the eoneeptien of static pressuro at the inlet end outlet of a fan. 100. THE K0R3ID MINER. D. E. Dieksca. Edinburgh lied. J., 43, pp. 696-705 (Nov,, 1936). Reports or. miners* health in Sootland chow a sickness rate among miners, equal to twice that of all other males in Scotland. The author, a medioal practitioner in a mining town, seeks an explanation, and diseusses various pessiblo factors. He concludes that the root of the troublo lies in tho rapid development of machine mining within the past 20 years. Kashin*-mining is accompanied by a speeding up cf produetieu, and the individual becomes just a cog in the wheel and has to keep up with the pace set by the machinery. Miners cor.plain about this pressure cf work, Tho feeling is net one of aetive discontent with conditions of work, but of passive dissatisfaction, almost going as far as being r. repression. The nor. have not tie some pleasure in their work as formerly, and they would, giver, ar. opportunity, stop work at a day's notico, simply for the sake of not having to go down the pit under presont conditions'. T> e-.trre a--*rr.Vs br' -tk-.-t they are driven harder under present conditions; it is not a question of wages. 0311775 Inferences to Recont Literature * 10 HBBB-0B07B24 ~7 <g 0) 101. disabling illness al:o:to industrial employees in 1935 as compared with EARLIER YEARS, D, K. Brundage. U* S. Pub. Health Service. B.-1700, pp. 11 (miir.eographed) 1936* nio annual number of oases of sickness and nonindustrial accidents lasting 8 days or longer was *ighcr in 1935 then in 1933 or 1934 but lowor than for 1930* 1931 or 1932* Diseases of the circulatory system were more frequent in 1935 than in the preceding 5 year period. Influenza was more frequent in 1935 than in 1934. but less so than in the average for the five years. Other diseases changed but slightly* (The author's summary does not give percentages for tho above). In female workers, nonindustrial accidents nnd casos of siclme3s decreased fcy about 2?!, - 102. SICKNESS AMONG LILLE INDUS7RI.IL EMPLOYES DURING THE SECOND QUARTER AND THE FIRST HALF OP 1936. D. K. Brundage, U. S. Pub. Health Septs., 51. pp. 1675 1677 (Dec. 4. 1936), This report gives statistics for the first half and seeond quarter of 1936, similar to the preceding abstract. For all respiratory diseases the rate fer tho second quarter ms 2% highor than in 1935, Pneumonia increasod A%, and non-respiratory dicoasos ineraased 1.7^. A downward trend in new cases of tuberculosis was noted. 103, A STUDY OF TUBERCULOSIS DEATHS IN SILVER BOW COUHTY, MONTANA, AND OF OTHER IMPORTANT CAUSES OF DEATHS IN MINERS. J. H, Crouch. Am, Rev. Tuberculosis, 33, pp. 396-403 (1936), In this locality tho mortality rate fr tuberoulosis among copper miners ' was 755 per 100,000 over a period of 15 years, against 180 for other adult males, 43 for females and 19 for all under age 20. The effect of the industry is emphasized by comparison with similar rates for Indians, which were 530 per 100,000 for males, 592 for females and 537 for juveniles. The mortality rates among minors for accidents and for acute respiratory disease is also very high. Tho tuberculosis rate has declined approximately 50^ during the 15 years under review, (The abstractor notes that no informa tion on dust exposure is given, but that there can be little doubt that the high tuberculosis mortality represents occupational silicesie). 104, INVESTIGATION OF THE MINERALS THAT CAUSE SILICOSIS, B. Gossner. Sprcchsaal 69, pp. 601-602, 616-617 (1936). A study of dusts and silicosis was made in several porcelain factories, with special attention to the question whether sericito is a cause of silioosis, as propounded by Jones. Chemical analyses of raw materials and products were made. Microscopic examinations and x-ray powder spectra are inadequate. The analyses in one factory where silicosis occurred showed no mica in any fom, including soricite. On the other hand, the d-ust in two coal mines was found to originate from, a calcareous sandstone containing considerable muscovite. However, the workors were free of silicosis. The author concludes the mica is not the dcletorious material. Another factor in the causation of silicosis is the presence or absence of basic material. In the sandstone quarries in France and the Palatinate, where quartz and kaolir. are abundant, silicosis is widespread. While it is rare in coal nines where the dust has similar composition, Tho author attributes the difference to the presence of line in the mines, and similarly c.oc runts for the absence of silicosis in basalt quarries and its rarity among granite workors (which does not check with Ar.eriean experionoe). He says: ' "x retardation of the effect of free silica by a base is not a meohanieal .-cior. but prevents the chemical combination *f the silica with the lung tissue, Ltineralogy shews that silica is easily displaced from combination. In the same way, the presence of a base would prevent this combination from tak ing place," The question whether alumina has similar retarding effeot is then discussed, and the author's answer is that the prevalence of sllioosis in potteries where the alumina content of raw materials is high shows that it has net. 03117751 ___ ,1 HHBB-0007813 HN8B-0007814 Document a Review For S) a Confidentiality V*?'! 300 -3