Document ymL0jrz0KDBzpn0D4qLO3m1RV

HM8o-tjB10555 * Industrial Hygiene Digest iteiatuie Gbsfaacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL * - - decisions and trends tfuclusfaial Health lleivs SijuW IfonlMiy By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE i PITTSBURGH. PA. I I1 WMr mOU*T*IAL HVOItMC FOUH&ATlOW Vol. 4, FOUNDATION FACTS' May, 194=2 BULLETIN! Foundation Facta i* a monthly n^wa'lettaf iaiuco to indurtfiai concarna holding membership in industrial Hygina Foundation^ Ttis Foundation ia a combined raaaarch and service institution to protect the health of workers In industry. -XS -9 No. <ia to Announcement is made of the appointment of Francis R. Holden, ?h.D., a spe cialist in healthful working conditions, as industrial hygienist on the staff of Indus trial Hygiene Foundation. He will assist companies associated with the Foundation in controlling employee health hazards which are increasing with peak war production. Dr. Holden, a physical and organic chemist, took his undergraduate work at Hobart College. He has specialized in industrial hygiene since completing his gradu ate studies at the University of Cincinnati in 1934. After a year at the Industrial Health Conservancy Laboratories in Detroit, working on hygienic problems in the auto- mobile industry, he served as industrial hygienist for Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company OF' for more than 5 years. For the past year and one-half Dr. Holden has been on the natrual gas fellowship at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh. Dr, Holden vail be ia charge of industrial hygiene surveys for Industrial Hygiene Foundation. Industrial health problems in manufacturing are growing with the increased use of chemicals, longer hours of work, intense war efforts, and the employ ment of women workers and older men. Old Member Rejoins; Agencies Subscribe for Publications General Refractories Company, formerly affiliated with the Foundation, re sumed its membership last week. Meanwhile, the National Institute of Health, the NavyDepartment, the States of Indiana and Montana and the Cities of Detroit and St. Louis have recently subscribed for Foundation publications. Nineteen states and four cities now receive this service. Three educational institutions subscribe: Case School of Applied Science, Johns Hopkins University and University of Colorado, as well as throe independent specialists in the field of industrial health -- Dr. J.W.G. Hannon, of Washington, Pa., Dr. E.R. Hayhurst of Columbus, 0. and Dr. C.O. Sappington of Chicago. Those subscriptions, restricted to governmental and other non-industrial agencies, were created by the Board of Trustees, effective January 1 of this year. "F.equirod Reading for Industrialists" Editorialized the PITTSBURGH SUN TELEGRAPH recently, "The report of Indus trial Hygiene Foundation, which maintains headquarters at Mellon Institute, should be required reading for industrialists; for increasing production tends to increase health...hazards in industry, and the Foundation is seeking ways to eliminate them." (This refers to the Foundation*s section in Mellon Institute's annual report, copies cf which were distributed to members last month.) "First Things First" There has been a lot of emphasis lately on employee "attitudes," "enthusiasm," "morale," "cooperation," etc., but insufficient attention to employee health and safe ty. No opinion poll or attitude study is needed to show that healthful working condi tions ore fundamental in harmonious employer-employee relations. More attention to this basic subject ana there will be less need for morale building. More attention to this subject and there will be fower manhours wasted, more production*. iNDUSTfli*t HfGlCNe ^OurrsiOATiCaN aVENuC iTt#bu<Gh *a. Ms/, 1942. Voi. VI. No. 5. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 44CC Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. PIAL HYGIENE DIGEST erature ana News Legal Developments 437 Industrial Commissions' s Order Allowed to Became Final. Not Subject to P-evjew. Duty of Commission to Hear and Determine Whether Award Paid. Petitioner sustained a compensable injury and was paid 42520. The State Indus trial Commission, after hearing held on application to roopon on the ground of change in condition, made on award for permanent total disability and fixed com pensation at 8400.00. On December 3, 1937, the order became final. Petitioner undertook to show that he and his guardian had not consented to the order of December 3, 1937, insofar as it directod payment of attorneys fees and also offer ed evidence tc show that there still remains some balance due and unpaid in the award. The trial commissioner sustained a damurrer to the evidence and failed tc make any finding as to what amount remainod due and unpaid on the award. This is the order under review. An award which is permitted to become final any net be thereafter reviewed by the ccmaission cn the theory that the order was erroneous in some respect. Therefore, the trial commissioner proceeded properly when ho refused to reconsider the order of December 3, 1937. . However, the trial commissioner misconceived the extent of responsibility which rested upon him when ho declined tc ascertain whether payment of the award had been made as directed. The State Industrial Comoission has the mandatory duty of hearing and disposing of claims arising under its jurisdiction on the merits. The order of the trial commissioner is vacated with directions to hear the evidence and to determine whether respondent has fully paid the award, and to make an order appropriate to the facts found. Smith v. Oklahoma Portland Cement Company et al. Okla. Supreme Ct. Decided May 5, 1942. (CCH). 438 ' Injury Allegedly Due to Negligence. Steel Wool, No Inherent Danger. Simple Tool. Domestic Servant. Plaintiff, employed by the defendants as a domestic servant, asserts that she was injured through the negligcnco of tho defendants. The negligence assigned is tho failure of the defendants to provide hor with reasonably safe, suitable and ado quatc tools and proper and safe means of doing hor Yjork. Particles of steel wool penetrated three fingers. No medical testimony was introduced by plaintiff. A notion was then made by tho defendants for a dismissal of the complaint. The court granted the notion. Thereafter, a new trial was granted. Dismissal of the complaint was proper. Tho article which plaintiff was using was a cosmon household appliance. It is not inherently dangerous. There was nothing which might cause the defendants to anticipate injury. An employee cannot predicate e cause of action based upon negligence against his employor, if he is injured from industrial Hvgiono Digest - 2. QO a a defective 3inple tool. Order oppealed from, reversed and the complaint disi missed. Adlam v. Konvolinka et nl. H.Y. Supreme Ct., App. Div. l^t Dept. 'f Decided May 3, 1942. (CCK). at W (Q )\v/'(; Industrial Health Hazards and Ihcir Effects 429 Maintenance of Health in Chemical Industries. H.F. Smyth, Jr. Chem. Indus., 5C_, 514-016 {April, 1942). ' ir. proportion vo the pctentini hazards of processes and products, few workers in the chemical industries receive injuries to health. This is particularly sur prising when oie considers that all the accident hazards of the mechanical process es may be present in the chemical plant in addition to the dangers inherent in the raw materials themselves. However, in chemical processes fewer men are need ed to produce a ton of product than in many other industries and there is loss human handling of that product. Thus, the particular tcxic end irritant proper ties of chemicals are partly counterbalanced by less opportunity for contact be tween man "'.nd material. This matter of contact is the crux of health maintenance ir. the chemical industry'. Few measures other than reduction of contact 'will pre vent injury to health." The toxicity of new chemicals produced by several chen- ical manufacturers is tested before they are placed ir. full-scale production, largely by animal experiments. Judicious choice of animals gives the beat co- parison vmth effects on human beings, and although animal results cannot be trans lated quantitatively into human effects, qualitatively the results are roliablo. The author discusses cumulative action and elimination, the methods of contact and of entry into the system of tho various classes of injurious substances, and general methods of protection. Knowledge of hazards, adequate labeling and edu cation of workmen in health hazards are urged. 440 Potential Health Hazards of the Leather Industry. V/.J. McConnell, J.Vf. Fehnel and J.J. Ferry'. J. Ind. Hyg. & Toxicol., 24 , 93-108 (May, 1942). Tho authors report a survey of tho physical environment of the leather industry, consisting of a total of 62 plants, including tanneries, shoe, and miscellaneous leather goods factories. A brief description of procossos aaployed in tanning and making shoos and ether leathor goods i3 given, and real or potential health hazards incident to manufacturing processes aro discussed. Many of the hazards formerly associated with the industry have been eliminated by introduction of now and improved methods. Tho chief hazards remaining lie in the common uso cf a wido variety of chemicals, including alkalies, acids, chromates, vegetable and synthetic tanning materials, oils, finishos, dyes, solvents, and other materials which may cause skin affections and systemic poisoning among workers either hand ling these materials or exposed tc their vapors. In a number of plants the con centrations of volatile vapors, especially benzene, exceoded safety limits and were sometimes decidedly dangerous. Skin infoctions following small abrasions end cuts are hazards particularly present in all tannery jobs. While the less dangerous pus-producing organisms usually arc the causative agent, the possibil ity of anthrax infection among workers handling hides must not be overlooked. Many tannery workers ore also exposed to varying temperatures and hunidities and .vetnoss, which may be influencing cr contributing causes of illness. Practical measures for the safe operation of plant processes are outlined. The paper as a vholo is a thorough sixnaary of the hazards of tho industry. --O' <- Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2. 441 3illco3l8 in New Zealand. Report of a Case, with Histological Details and Chenf ical Analysis of the Lung. F.J. Gwynne. How Zealand Mod. I., 29. 122-13 6 (1343T' A case of silicosis in a Dev; Zc;ilsjid gold minor is reported in detail. The iuegis contained ash 77.09, combined silica 12.00, froc silica 9.50, alumina 9.50, ^ ferric oxide a.14, lime 1.03, magnesia 0.55, phosphoric acid 10,35, and free cais hen 4.00, mg. per g. dry lung. It was estimated that ono lung ccr.tained 1.05 g.^ free silica and 1.43 g. combined silica. By the histological examination conduct ed ir. or uth Africa and the chemical analysis of the lung performed in Austrrlic. it is shorn that the lesions closely resemble conditions of silicosis seen in these countries. 442 Pneumoconiosis in the Talc Industry. P.W. Porro, D.P. Patton and A.A. Hobbs,dr. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1 Radium Therapy, 47, 507-524 (April, 1S42) . literature pertaining tc pneumoconiosis due to exposure to certain silicate dusts is reviewed. Fifteen coses of pneumoconiosis in talc workers are reported, in cluding 5 autopsies. Disability cr death is directly attributed to the pneumo coniosis in 13 of the eases; of the remaining two, pneumoconiosis is contributory in one and incidental in the ether. The nature of the dust, symptoms, pathology, rocntgenographic findings, diagnosis, complications and prophylaxis arc discussed in s^me detail, with 17 illustrations and several tables. The authors conclude: (1} that pne'jmoconiucis causing disability and death does occur in talc workers, and {) that the disabling changes are principally due t' the talc itself. 443 Further Lung-Dusting Experiments. A.E. Barclay and others. Am. J. P.oentgenol. X Padiun Therapy, 47^ 352-367 (March, 1942). The authors report a continuation of work published in 1938, which was undertaken to determine the course of removal of large quantities of dust introduced into the lungs of cats. The dust was administered both by insufflation and by inhala tion. Poentgenegrams were taken beforo and after introducing the dust and the lungs wore removed and exeminod roentgenographlcally and histologically after killing the animals. The dusts used were lead glass, bismuth carbonate and un compressed flame gas carben varying in fineness from 45 to 0.5 microns. The authors ore not ready to draw final conclusions, but a few points are of interest. The amount entering the alveoli was small and never discernible with certainty in the reentgenejuroms. However, there was always sane dust in the alveoli as shewn by histological examinntion, and that point was not discovered in the ear lier report when leas exact methods ware used. The alveolar dusting did not run parallel with bronchielnr dusting. Introduced dusts appear to collect in greater amounts in inflamed areas ct the lung. Removal of dust from the alveoli was found to be rapid; sometimes alveolar lust cells ingostod dust particles within a few minutes of their introduction. Removal took place through the bronchioles, an! cut on the layer of viscid mucus by the action of the cilia. There was no roentgenological evidence of deposition of dust in the bronchial lymph nodes, and thus point seems to indicate that in healthy -animals the dust is net transferred tc the lymph nodes tc any great extent. The outstanding feature of the experi ments was the apparent existence of a defense mechanisa preventing the entry of large quantities cf dust into the alveoli. The lungs can also deal effectively with suspensions of active fungi. However, preexisting disease may well inter fere with the ncntal excretion cf dusts and be a potent feature in the causation of industrial pulmonary complaints. One factor is the excossive watery secretion that may carry lust into the alveoli. 444 Lead Poisoning. K. Kcpl:h. Med. Klin., 36, 891-893 (1940). (German). The peculiarities cf lead absorption md of the distribution of lead in the organ ism cause great difficulties in persons exposed to lead. This is especially true in repealed lead absorption. Various technical improvements have made poss ible extensive reductions in the danger of lead poisoning, but not all possibili ties cf danger can be removed. MHBB-0U1056U Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4. 445 Trauma and other Dccupational Doctors in Tuberculosis. P.A. vecintance. Inc. Med., U, 199-2CI (May, 1342;. Occupational environments, such cs exposure to free silica, certain silicotcs, >.'"j gases, temperature changes, and physiological states, ana mechanical and surgical trauma arc factors in the development :nd reactivation or aggravation of tuberculosis. The relation of trauma from industrial accidents tc tuberculo sis is oft-n difficult to decide, but each case should be decided on its own mer its after considering all cssontial criteria for establishing an occupational relationship. Pro-or.plcyiacnt examinations aid not only in case finding, but also ir, prevention of the spread of tuberculosis duo to occupational factors. 44 6 Health Hazards in Pearl Buxton Industry. Queries and Minor Notes, j. An. Med. Assoc. , 119., 222 (May 9, 1942). A v.'oman 'working in a pearl button factory had respiratory symptoms, and lass of weight, which raised the question whether they were due to her employment. In 1920 Birge and Havens published the results ..f a survey of the industry (J. lad. Hyg., 2, 31 1920), shewing that the general health of employees was good, but that "catarrhal conditions" v;cre ccmr.cn and that there wan a good deal of dust in spite of exhaust systems, No mere tuberculosis was found among employees than in the general population. Infections :f the hands and osteomyelitis cf the bones of the hand and forearm were not found. Rheumatism and indigestion wore common complaints. The c-nuso cf the symptoms described is undecided. 447 Milk as a Preventive of Lead Poisoning. Queries & Minor Notes. J.Am. Med. Assoc., 119, 115 (May 2, 1942). Milk has no specific action in preventing lend poisoning, but is an oxcellent supplementary dietary agent. The arguments for aniagainst high daily milk intake for persons exposed to lend poisoning, arc presented. The therapeutic value of . the milk, if any, lies in its calcium content, and the effect of calcitan is the subject of controversy. The viewpoints of several authors on that point are pre sented. There appear to bo good reasons for stating that the use of milk for lead workers is most commendable, but not as the keystone of a program for the prevention of lead poisoning. 443 Paints and Multiple Sclerosis. Queries & Miner Notes. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 119. 116 (May 2, 1942). The question is whether multiple sclerosis in a spray painter is attributable to lead poisoning. The reply lists the common symptoms of lead poisoning -- anemia, abdominal pain, headache, blue lino on the gvan, arteriosclerosis, basophilic de generation of the rod cells and load deposits on the long bones, but there is no clinical or pathological proof that lead intoxication can cause multiple sclerosis. 449 Cadmium Poisoning. Div. of Industrial Hygiene, U.S. Public Health Service. Pub. Health Rcpts., 57, 631-612 (April 24, 1942). This is a brief but thorough review of the literature cn cadmiixa poisoning, with 1C9 bibliographic references. The tablo of total rnanber of cases i3 of interest; 346 cases in oil have been reported, of which 218 were contributed by Cangelosl in 1941. 450 Gasoline Intoxication. M.Z. Gross. Hygeia, 2C_, 257, 293-295 (April, 1942). In a paper reviewing current opinion the author points out that motorists, fill ing station operators, and industrial workers are increasingly exposed to gaso line fumes. Ir. addition tc the factor of increased use, the changes in the chemical nature cf the hydrocarbons found in modem gasoline add to the health hazard. The findings of Machle, Hamilton and Fieldner arc rcvleyjed. The author gives a few typical cases of poisoning and describes the signs and symptoms that may bo expected in acute and chronic exposures. Industrial Hygiene Digest ;1 Hltrogen Oxide Fumes. Treatment After Their Inhalation. 'A'.D. UcNaliy. Ind.MctfiS, LLj 2C 7-208 (Mr.y, 1942). 9 Tho poisonous notion of ni rogen oxide fumes is that of nitrites produced by their reaction with water and v.lth the alkali of the blood, Exposure to these f'dies is becoming more ccmr.on v.lth the Increase in manufacture of nitric acid and nitrates. The poison i s insidious as the effect may not be produced for C3 9 i 03 0_3 some hours or ever. days. T he treatment recommended by the author includes inha* lotion of oxygen by cathct rs for 12 hours, followed by tent method oxygen inha- lotion, v.lth injection of aiygrnn and glucose in case of severe edema. Recovery of serious case3 has fellowed this treatment, Lien who have been gassed several times aro more sensitive to the gases and should not rotum to the same work. The period of incapacity varies from 6 days to 6 v.-oeks. The gases have also a nar- cetic effect which may male tho early symptoms unnoticcable. The fumes may be found wherever nitric acid s used. 452 TricMcr ethylene. Iniustri'l Data Sheet D-Chcm. 27. (Revised}. Nat. Safety News, 45_, 54, 06 (April, 19421 . , This is a rovisien of a Date Sheet issued in 193C and abstracted at that time, but the increasing use cf thi3 material and additicnal knowledge of its proper ties have called f:r a revision. Tho hazards of 'using trichlcrothylcne includo poisoning through inhalation ef the vaper, ana dermatitis from contact with the liquid or vapor. It is similar to chlorofom in general properties, -and is used principally as a solvent for oils, greases and waxes. Authorities disagree as to the toxicity of the- vapor, but 1 port in 100 parts cf air (53.6 mg. per liter} is .greed to be definitely narcotic. Seme states have set the maximum allowable concentration at 1/50 of that cmcuit, 200 parts per million or 1.07 mg. per liter. Trichlorethylene has anesthetic effects but apparently docs net cause fatty de generation of tho liver. Acute symptoms include drunkenness, dullness, irrita tion of the upper respiratory tract, vomiting and unconsciousness, followed by diarrhea, headache, anorexia, vertigo, disturbed heart action and general illness. However, the effects do not appear to be cumulative. Contact with the skin should be avoided on account of drying cf tho skin and possible sensitization. Treatment includes immediate removal from the fines, artificial respiration if breathing has stopped, keeping the victim worm and calling a doctor. Preventive <c = precautions involve a number of points in the design and operation of degreasers, all with the purpose of preventing escape of the vapor. Speed, cleanliness of work, shape of work, shook load and fullness of the tanks arc factors. Downdraft exhausts arc sometimes necossary. Contact with open flames and hot surfaces should be avoided. Men should not be peiraittod to enter 3ludge tanks to remove the sludge. On large apparatus where entrance is necessary, hose nask3 should be provided. Exposure of the akin mu3t bo avoided, and contaminated clothing should be removed at once and not worn again until laundered. Siaployoes should have physical examinations regularly. * Approved hose masks and chemical cartridge respirators may be used in temporary exposure to low concentrations of trichlor- cthylene but they should not supplant a suitable exhaust system. 453 The Treatment of Acute Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning with a Report of Two Cases. 3.R. Allison. Ann. Intern. Med.. 16. 31-93 (January, 1942). Tv/c cases, of acute carbon totrachlorido poisoning are described, one by Inhalation and the other, which was fatal, resulting from drinking a cleaning fluid. The most important factors in the treatment are the immediate and continuous admin istration of celci'm md glucose until evidences of intoxication and organic dsna.je have disappeared. Insufficient attention has boon given to carbon tetra chloride as a poison in textbooks and in teaching, and a plea is made for fuller recognition of its poisonous properties. Laws requiring proper labeling of pro ducts containing carbon tetrachloride are urged, and education of its users is suggested. ntiBd-uOiO'jfi? Industrial Hygiene digest - 5* 454 External Contact with Mcnoethyl Ether of 31 ethylene Glycol (Carbltol Solvit). A.O. Craned, H,F. Smyth, Jr. end C.r. Carpenter. ^rca. Dcrmat. ^Syphil., 45, 553-559 (March, 1942). The authors present experimental results bearing on the effect of external arpli cations of the mcnocthyi ether of diethylcnc glycol, often known under the trade ame of carbitol solvent. In the r-bbit eye dilute solutions of this solvent arc loss irritating to the raucous membrane than similar solutions of glycorin. iVhen concentrated solutions arc kept in contact -with largo wounds in the rabbit flank extending into the muscular fascia, insufficient irritation to the tissue results to retard healing, end during as many as 23 days' ccntact no injury was observed from absorbed materiel, The authors obtained indications that fewer persons have a cutaneous allergy to carbitcl solvent than to glycerin. As a sen sitizer of human 3kin oarbitoi solvent may be regarded as equivalent to wool fat and corate U.3.P. 455 Effect of Mercury Vapor Lamps on the Sue. Queries Minor Notes. J. Am, Med. .-.ssoc*, 119, 2 o2 (May 9, 1-42; Mercury vapor lamps, when the rays /are directed into the eye, can cause an irri tating conjunctivitis and superficial punctate keratitis. The lights used indus trially, however, arc usually very high and cf insufficient intensity to cause irritation to the nverugo person. Blonds are more susceptible to such rays than brunets. Long exposure to sun lamps without wearing goggles can cause the above symptoms and even opacities cf the ccmea, 456 Study of Certain Epidemiological Features of Leptospira! Jaundice in Baltimore. T.G. '.V-.rd and T.B. Turner. .im.J.Hyg., 35, 122-133 (January, 1942). ~ The diagnosis of 8 cases of acute loptospiral jaundice in Baltimore from July, 1940, to June, 1941, led to some epidemiological studies, involving over 800 persons. Positive agglutination tests for L, icterohaanorrhngica were obtainod in 46 cases. Except the patients from the medical wards of 2 hospitals and per sons submitting sera for routine serological tests, the selection was by occupa tion, and every case giving a positive test worked under unsanitary conditions where rats wore common. Out of 0 other cases all but ono were traceable to rats or to a polluted well. From these studies it was concluded that leptospiral jaundice occurs moro frequently among residents cf Baltimore than available records indicate. The risk cf infection was highest in persons whose work brings them in contact with water subjected to pollution by rat urine. Poultry dressing and meat packing are twe occupations cf this type. Wells subject to pollution by rat urine may serve as sources of human infection. 457 Some Medical Problems Encountered in Modern Air Travel. J.W. Heim. J.Ind.Hyg. & Toxicol., 24, 109-115 (Kay, 1942). The principal injurious effects cf high altitude flying include those due to lack of oxygen and the mechanical effects of reducod barometric pressure. Both subjects are discussed, and experiments on oxygon deprivation are reported. The cumulative effect of repeated anoxia over a period of time is at least as impor tant is its effect in a single flight, and the experiments dealt with that phase of tho problem. Five college students wore exposed to on altitude pressure of 12,000 feet for 4, and later for 7 hours daily for 27 days. The usual mental and physical fatigue and other symptoms of single exposuros wera experienced but there was no adaptation to conditions and no permanent deleterious effects. It is recommended that flying personnel subjected to altitudes of 12,000 feet and above should utilize oxygen at all times during flights in order to maintain their efficiency, but else for the succeeding 24 hours. The host suggestion for the solution of the anoxia and low pressure problems is the use cf sealed aircraft compartments, within which artificial conditions may bo created and maintained. 0 ._< = Industrial Hygiene Digest - ?. ~ ' t-, -a 45c Occupational Health Hazards is. .arcraft Production. I.P. Russell and F.R. Ingrcffij. la.r Med., 1_, 11-61 (November, 1941). ;a Many processes and operations iu the manufacture of aircraft involve exposure t(f potentially harmful gases, fumes, dusts, vapors, chemicals and shin irritants, in Those processes include the "Icing of wood and plaster patterns for dies; the pouring of lead and nine di. for drop hammers, -which form dural-uminum sheets inF to required shapes; the construction of jigs, or racks, for assembling parts; the cleaning and plating of metal parts; the preparation of control cables and elec tric -wiring; the painting of parts, subassemblies and planes, '-.ad the preparation of rudders and moveable wing parts from cloth, -which is treated v.-itb a nitrate dope. The aircraft engine manufacturing industry is not included in the scope of the paper. The hnnards of each cf those operations are discussed, and suitable protective devices and precautions are recommended. 459 Deforming arthritis Found Among Compressed Air Workers. O.N. Edscn. Quoted in l^bor Stands., 5_, 7-3 (January-February, 1942). The ordinary caisson disease, or "bonds", is net the only form of disability en countered by men who v.-ork under ccrtpresscd air. Examination and observation of many caisson workers show that they may develop diseased bones end joints, cul minating sometimes in disabling arthritis. Incomplete decompression results in accumulation of nitrogen gas in the bones, end there is no tost to shew whether decompression is complete. The accumulation of nitrogen causes eithor blocking of the artery or stopping the bleed supply by direct pressure in the bone cavity. Under those conditions death of part of the bene occurs. This dead bene can be definitely shown in x-rry pictures and its x-ray appearance is very characteris tic. This process occurs mostly in the extremity bones because they are highest in fatty marrow. If the necrosis borders on a joint, it leads gradually to ab sorption, collapse -and new bene formation, ending in deforming arthritis. 460 Industrial Fatigue. Meyer Brown. Pamphlet, published by Zurich General Accident and Liability Insurance Co., Chicago, April, 1942. 18 pp. The nu'thor reviews and summarizes the literature on industrial fatigue first giving Vernon's distinction between physiological and industrial fatigue, in that the latter is partly physical and partly mental. The factors affecting fatigue, including personal health, non-occupatioaal influences, working environment, noise, lighting, morale, and monotony, arc discussed. The studies on effect of length of the working day and week on production aro reviowod, and absenteeism, accidents, labor turnover, spoilage and errors are given as additional results of fatigue. Rest periods and control of non-occupational disability are discuss ed as additional factors in the prevention of fatigue. A bibliography is included. Methods of Detection and Deteminction L 461 The Analysis of Atmospheric Samples of Sxulosivo Chemicals. ?.E. Goldman. J. Ind. Hyr, & Toxicol., 24, 121-122 (Kay, 1942). Electrically operated equipment is unsafo in the sampling of many explosives, and sampling is thus limited to the- gas sampling bottle and the midget impinger. Color reactions and brief methods of analysis for the following explosives and intermediates are recommended: diphenylamine, mercury fulminate, nitroglycerine, PETIT (pantaorythrite tetranitrate), dimethylaniline, tetryl, mono-oil (nononitrotcluone), DNT and HTT. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 8. 452 A Laboratory Apparatus for Stud"ing Settling Hite and Fractionation of Dusts. J.Vi. Heuberger and H. Turner. Phytopathology, 32. 156-171, 11942;. ' The construction of an apparatus suitable for the study of the settling rate of lusts is described, 452 A Method for Determining Tnsaturatod Hydrocarbons ir. the Air. D.P. Senderikhina Trudy jJosoov. d-oiit. Inst. ir. Erisaann, pp. 6 6-iC'l (1529). (Russian) . The methods of Huobi, iianus and Rosemund for the analysis of unsaturated hydro carbons in the air wera found to give inaccurato results on such materials as chloroprcne, pscudobutylene nd bivinyl, the errors sometimes running as high as 15 to 23$. The author proposes a colorimetric method for determining very small ccncemraticns of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the air, based on their ability, in glacial acetic acid solution to produce in the cold a yellow color in the pre sence of diazetirod- p-pho.nylcnediasiino sulfate. The color is stable for 20 min utes. This method can be used for the analysis of chloroprone and bivinyl. 5^ Control Methods .< -- 464 Physics and Protection Against Industrial Dust. H.L. Gocdall. 1. Sci. Instri> monts* IS."33-40 (March. 1942), " The various old and now instruments for determining dust are described briefly, with illustrations. Protective measures against industrial dust are treated briefly. Fire and explosion, risks from industrial dusts aro discussod, 465 Ventilation Requirements for Radium Dial Painting. W.C.L, Season and R.D. Evans. T. Ind. Hyg. i. Toxicci., 4, 116-120 (May>_19421; Heat. &Vent., 39_, 23-26 (May, 1942). ^ The recent unprecedented aemand for 1acinous dials for aircraft instruments and other war machines has engaged the attention of industrial health authorities on account cf the hazards of the occupation. The authors discuss the ventilation phase of the problem, loading to recommendations which ensure a radon concentra tion below lO"^ curie per liter of air. They include an exhaust rate of 50 c.f.m. in the booths, alternative specifications fer storing end drying cabinots, location of painted dials so that the radon formed is withdrawn by local exhaust or diluted to a sefe concentration, and opening sealed paint containers only in side a hood or ventilated cabinet when they have been sealed for sevoral hours. 466 Less Toxic Substitutes for Materials in Industrial Use. S. Uoskowitz. N.Y. State Ind. Bull,, 21, 115-118 (March, 1942V. . The manufacture of self-coaling gasoline tanks requires the use of neoprene ad hesive, for which the usual solvent is benzene. Serious exposure to benzene was found ir. n factory producing such tanks, and a number of the employees were suffering ill effects. Substitution of toluene for benzene and installation of exhaust ventilation resulted in marked improvement in health and alertness of employees. The aircraft and airplane parts industries arc large consiators of tcluono, and sometimes it is difficult to obtain ns a paint thinner. Some thin- ners arc high in benzene and the composition is net always correctly stated. Such thinners should be analyzed md ore being enalyzed by the New York Doport- r.ent of Industrial Hygiene. Solvents high in benzene should not be used in the aircraft industry 'without thorough ventilation, and it is simpler and less ex pensive to use toluene, for which the vontilation requirements ere less stringent.  industrial Hygiene Li.-jest - 9. 'B In the taper and in on editorial fallowing, it is made plain that there is no 3 lav: prohibiting tho use of benzene, ns erroneously stated in seme newspapers, but that the ventilation recuirements ire severe where benzene is used, ' 3 i Ventilation as n Means to Prevent Siiisosis in Ontario Gold Mines. ,, 03 2. GibsorS Presents! at Annual Seating of Canadian Institute of Saining, Toronto, March 9, S 1342. Multi graphed, 38 pp. The report covers an extensive study cf ventilation in Ontario metal mines. In the survey cf ..nch mine 1^0 to 200 dust samples were taken with the konimeter at locations chosen to shew most decisively the effects of ventilation. In mines depending only or. natural ventilation, whether single or dual entry, shallow or deep, the greatest amount cf dust was nt the iowost levels and where tho oust was gv.nc-1-ntci, showing than it wus net effectively removed, although in deep mines natural ventilation is at its best. Natural ventilation is improved by deer con trol, and eno of the surveys demonstrated that point by dust counts when doors in the natural pathway were left open. Controlled forced draft in a deep mine re duced the dust concontrnti,n at all points tested to below 200 particles {under 5 microns) per ce. (the kenimeter results cannot be absolutely correlated with lmpingor figures, but the figure of 200 particles per cc. is abcut the formally accepted safe limit corresponding tc 10 million particles per cubic foot with the impinger.) la mines with natural ventilation only, the dust concentration was in several eases above 1000 particles per cc. In Ontario mines, typography does not favor natural ventilation, as there is usually not more than 100 feet difference in height between inlets and outlets. Mechanical vontilation is being used in a number cf mines and its use should be oztendod. Heating of the intake air is sometimes necessary in winter. A number of mines now use shafts to de liver air to the bottom levels, so that tho fresh air i3 available for dust remov al and cooling at the working face, and dust and excess moisture are driven up ___,-i ^ it of the nine. This plan also allows some surface raises to bo kept open in vinter, ana keeps fresh air in service channels at all times, which is espe cially important in case of fire. Several moans of accomplishing downcasting shaft methods arc described. Timber exposed to the moving air becomes dry and should be kept ncist. The effect of method of stoping on ventilation is discuss ed, and arguments for mechanical ventilation in the stopcs ore presented. Most dust in the stopc3 is caused by i-crcussion drills, and good ventilation should be su.w lamented by the use of .bust control devices on the drill itself. Mart in ardor of dust production are secondary blasts, slushing and hand shoveling, and the dustiness of these operations is being decreased. Primary blasts are no longer fired during the- shift. Control chutes end dumps to passes ore totally enclosed in some mines. Underground crushers should be completely enclosed and evacuated, with filtration of the air. There is no exact method for determining the volume of air required for ventilation. Experience and dust counts aid in giving estimates. Typos and duties of fans in service arc listed in a table, with a rough estimate of cost. Auxiliary ventilation of dead ends and other places inaccessible to ordinary ventilation arc discussed. 468 Air Conditioned Chemistry Laboratory Docs its Part in Wjnninp the War. L.T, Avery. Heat., Pip., w Air 'end., 14, >95 (May, 1942). In one of thu rooms in a Chemistry laboratory for an industrial plant engaged in war production, temperatures must be varied over a range of 68 to 86 F. and relative humilities from 35 to 65 per cent. Mr requirements of tho exhaust hoods also complicate the problem--. The scheme used for air conditioning in volves 3 refrigerator compressor for cooling, steer, coils for heating, a pan type humidifier, and 0 silica gel machine for dchurddificaticn -- thus, separate con trol of temperature and humidity is provided. -- Hunting of the room temperature curve on the heating cycle was corrected by using an anticipating type of central, author's summary. i e Industrial Hygiene Digest - 10. 1 469 Protecting Life, Property end Production in the Foundry Industry During the 'Aar. Anonymous. Foundry, 70_, ilC (May, 1942). A code of recommended practices developed by the Industrial Hygiene Codes Com mittee of the American Foundrymcn1s Association is presented. The coac was developed at the suggestion of the Office of Civilian Defense and has been r^vic cd and passed by that office. It proposes practices, rules and admonitions de signed to prevent the serious curtailment cf production in the foundry industry through 3'ubversive activities or actual bombings. 470 Maximum Efficiency from Modem Squipraont for Collection of Dust, Anonymous. Concrete (Cement kill Tuition), c0_, 5, 166 (1942^ A characteristic of -all cement plant dust is its small particle sine. This is true of both the rav: materials and the finished product. The collection of the dust carried by uiln gases is the most difficult problem faced by the industry, in a large port due to the large volume of gases involved. One investigator re ports that the average particle size of the dust encountered i3 1 micron (0.CC1 nr..), A discussion cf the use of various dust collecting systems includes (1) the filter type; (2) the mechanical types; (3) washing systems, and (4) electro- static systems, 471 Study of the Hffects cf Various Tyros of Ga; Masks on Working Capacity. T.Bruce ana 5. Helonaer. Nordisk. Med., 2, 1131-1187 (1940). V.'orking with a gas mask results in oxygen debt, in other words raises the oxygen requirement above that normally incident to the work dene. This increase is attributed to the dead space of the mask and to the resistance of inspiration and expiration. Masks v.lthout nn expiratory valvo (in which the expired air is forced out on the cheeks) bring about a less marked ri3e in oxygen debt than those with an expiratory valve, although the latter exert less resistance to respiration. The use of both inspiratory and expiratory valves gives the lowest increase in oxygen debt. Practice in the wearing of masks is of great significance in di minishing respiratory difficulties. The oxygen debt can be diminished more and more by practice in wearing the mask until alavo3t basal values aro reached. 472 A Mask Apparatus which Provides High Oxygen Concentrations with Accurate Control of the Percentage of Oxygen in the Inspired Air and Without Accumulation of Car bon Dioxide. A.L. Barach and M. Eckaan. J. Aviation Mod.. 12. 39-52 (1941). The mask eppar-tus is described in which an air injector is used to provide known percentages of oxygen in the inspired air, accurately controlled by a dial of the apparatus. It is recommended for clinical oxygen therapy, and also in conaorcial and military aviation, at altitudes between 10,000 and 33,000 feet. It is econ omical in the use of oxygen and offers no resistance to breathing. 473 Heat Gain Through Walls ana Poofs as Affected by Solar Radiation. F.C, Houghten and others. Heat., Pip., Air Cond., 14, 306 (May, 1942). Design heat gain rates for 11 walls and IS roofs at various orientations are re ported in thi3 paper based on experimental observations conducted in an 18 x 18 x 8 ft. high exposed cubicle. Results indicate that with minor variations the heat flow through oast, south and north walls was 83, 75 and 46 per cent, respectively, of that of the west wall. -- Authors' suariary, 474 Dotormir.lnr; Sound Attenuation in Air Conditioning Systems. D.A. Wilbur and R.P. Simons, Hunt., Pip., 1 Air Cond., 14, 317 (May, 1942). The requirements are stated for a basic method of determining attenuation. A detailed description of a method satisfying theso conditions is given with exper imental evidence to show the necessity of requirements and the degree to which they arc met. The results of the application of this method to straight unlincd HWfFH-0010566 H U B B -Q M fJS b? Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11. ducts show that attenuation in this case is less than 0.2 db per foot except in the regions of panel resonance of the duct walLs, and except for high frequen cies in small ducts. -- Authors' surt:ary. Industrial Medical Practice <C?\ 475 Medical and Surgical Service ir. a Large Plant. Jin. Chivcrs, Ind, Ifcd., 11. 216-211 (May, 1942). The functions cf a medical department in a large plant (5,000 or more employees) -.re described. One point emphasized is tlir.t the personnel of a medical depart ment should bo largo enough to render individual care to every employee who aeod3 the service of that department. Personal service cannot be rendered on a nas3 production basis. The field of industrial medicine and surgery is sufficiently important to warrant full-time service at an attractive salary. The author be lieves that a first-aid hit should consist only of sterile dressings, bandages, a tourniquet, a bottle of boric acid solution for caustic eye bums and nothing acre. Other material in incompetent hands may complicate the injury. It should be -understood that the simplest first aid is to be given and the patient taken at once to the physician. Some common sources of contamination should be for bidden and nurses should bo trained in aseptic handling of Injured parts. In dis cussion of the general duties of the department, the plant physician's interest in ncn-o-ccupational disease*, his relation with the private physician, the con fidential nature of reports, the author aggrocs substantially with many others whose papers have been summarized, He believes that the same kind of service can be conducted at a plant with only 500 employees. 473 Industrial Health in Vi'artiue. M.N. Nowquist. Ind. Med., 11, 23^237 (May,1942), In 1940, occupational deaths increased by 10?i with an increase of 2 to ^ in total employment, and disabling injuries increased accordingly. Twelve factors of increased accidents, and of impaired health, which is not included in tho statistics, but must be considered, arc given: (1) inexperienced workers; (2) incroasing numbers of women workers; (3) grontor maaber of physically handicapped; (4) lack of general physical fitnoss; (5) lack of adequate safety measuroe and instruction; (6) speeding up of machines and production processes beyond optimum htanan rhythm; (7) overcrowding; (8) unhealthful working conditions; (9) fatigue {discussed at some length); (10) inddequatc nutrition; (11) disturbed transporta tion and home living conditions; (12) epidemics. The nine remedies suggested for these factors include safety organization, first aid and medical facilities, ade quate health service, arrangement of work hours for maximum production without ir.paiment of health or efficiency, keeping adequate records of accidents, health and absenteeism, encouraging re3t, diet and recreation for the worker, and a few others that arc obvious. 477 Industrial Health Program. Organization and Cost. A.G. Kcmmer. Ind. Med., 11, 216-D18 (May, 1942). ' The general procedure in conducting physical examinations and recording and using their results at tho Indiana Harbor works of the Inland Steel Company is describ ed. The annual ccst of the program, about ^25,000, is analyzed. 4 o is uJ >' Industrial Hygiene Digest - 12. 473 Outline of Procedure for Physicians in Industry. Council cn Industrial Health.. J.A.li.A., -18, 395-396 iMarch 14, 1942) . The Council on Industrial Health has prepared this outline as a convenient refu once and guide for physicians interested in industrial medical relationships. The objccte of promotion of health and physical well-being of industrial employ cos should be accomplished by. (1) Prevention of disease cr injury in industry by establishing proper medical supervision over industrial materials, processes, environments, and vrorkers; (2) Herlth conservation of workers through physical supervision and education; (3} Medical and surgical care to restore health and earning capacity as promptly as possible following industrial accident or disease. The duties and relationships of the physician in industry are outlined. 479 The Health of the Executive. H.C. Kabcin. Ind. Med., 11_, 21S-221 (May, 1942). The author usos the word executive in the broad sense of one who earns his liv ing largoly by the uso of his mind, and explicitly includes all professional workers. The importance of health measures for our industrial workers has boon recognized, and disease e.nd accidents have been greatly reduced by such measures, but r.c such health rocord can be credited tc the executive's side of the ledger, and it is .'nly recently that any attention has been given to the hoalth of the executive. The life span has been greatly lengthened over the last 150 years, but the incidence of diseases of the cardiovascular system has increased. Among professional men, these diseases account for a high percentage of deaths (625; among physicians who died in a p.-Lrticuiar month). Physical examination of 176 executives revealed hypertension in 13$, duodenal ulcer in 18$, and coronary sclerosis oyphilis, gout, sigacid or rectal polyp, diabetes and carcinoma in per centages ranging from 2 to 7. Hypertension, sclerosis and ulcers have the high est incidence in persons under heavy emotional strain. Many executives who wore examined wore noted as nervous and high strung, physically and mentally exhausted, smoked too much, had not had vacations, etc. Smoking habits axe discussed at some length. The question of the effect of tobacco on health is not absolutely proved, but the general evidence is that excessive smoking, at least, shortens life, and most executives smoke excessively. Excessive use of alcohol is not common among executives, and the effect of its moderate use is undecided. The author believes that mcro people die of excessive eating than of excessive drink ing, and is more concerned with the abnormal conditions that lead to drinking than with its detrimental effect. Periodic examinations for all executives should be at least as thorough as those for workmen, and history and presont habits should be carefully considered. Frequent short vacations arc advised, rather than one long period, and they should provide real relaxation not strenuous golf games or driving. In the author's opinion the summer is the poorest time for vacation. In the present national emergency, speed must he increased oven more, but there is no question that this speed will have deleterious effects. More over, the difficulties will not end with the war, and keen minds and sound bodies will bo needed more than ^ver. Pauses for rest and relaxation are needed. 480 Reduction of Industrial Absenteeism by Prcscasonal Immunization Against Catarrhal Illness. M.R. 3radv. Am.J.Med.Sciences, 203, 469-473 (April, 1942). In a large chcr-ical factory 95C persons were inoculated with a mixed antl-influenza and common coll vaccine containing local strains. Absentceian due to catarrhal illnc33 in this group compared with an uninoculatod group showed a re duction of 34.1$ in the amber of days lost. The total absenteeism from catarr hal illness in tho factory in 1941 was compared vith that of the previous year and a substantial reduction in the msaber cf days lost was recorded. Tho rate of absenteeism per 1000 was recorded for 3 groups from January to March in 2 years and the peak absenteeism from catarrhal illness In each group was found to occur in February, HlifitJ *0010568 .1 $ -H Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13. 'O 481 Absenteeism In Fifteen Wisconsin Plants During 1940. Wisconsin State Heard of s Health. (1941). g Fifteen plants reported all disabilities of one day and over. ~n average of zd 5817 males and 675 famnios wore included in the study. No salaried workers v/cret^ included. The statistical analysis of this absentee data is presented in ca three different ways: (1) Frequency -- annual number of absences per 1,000 cm- * ployacs; (2) Disability -- annual days lost For 1,OOC employees; (3) Severity - number of lays lost per case. Data is presented in the form of tables and charts which show the relative importance of the various causes of absence end the var iation by month, sex, and department. Charts are also presented to compare the plants as to various causes of absence. 432 Disabling; Morbidity Among Industrial '.Vorkors, Final Quarter of 1941. Vv.M. Oaf afer. Pub."Health F.cpts.. ~~57, ~536-589 (April 17, 1S42). The final quarter of 1941 was marked by high incidences of bronchitis, diseases of the stomach except cancer, end appendicitis, and the rates for each of these causes ca-e the highest yielded durirg the past 10 years. The following rates for the entire year ire the highest in the 10-ycar period and arc in excess of the 10-year average by the percentages given: pneumonia, 42; bronchitis, 33; appen dicitis, 24. The rate for ail disabilities, 101.8, is the highest recorded for the IC-year experience, the rate being 12?S in excess of the 10-year moan. 483 Nutritional Fitness Surveys ir. Industry. 0,0. Sappington and A.J. Pacini, Ind. Med., 11. 201-203 (Nay. 1942). " The next significant advance in industry is the improvement of the health of the worker through better nutrition raid every indication suggests that tho advance can outdo in economic advantages the tested .and approved values derived from accident prevention. Tho first stop in initiation of corrective measures is fact finding. A proceduro for fact finding i3 suggested, including nutritional charts, record of worker's diet, chocking weight an! height, and use of a bio-photometer. 484 Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Course Outline and Digest of Lec tures given in Cooperation with the National Conservation Bureau. Center for Safety Education, New York University. Mimeographed, 200 pp. 1941. Price $1.25. This volume contains full outlines and abstracts of the course in Industrial Hygiene anti Occupational Diseases, given at New York Univorsity in the Spring Somoster of 1941. The course i3 divided into the following units, each corres ponding to one lecture given by an authority in the field: (1) occupational dis eases, their nature, incidence and prevention (an introduction to the course); (2) dusts; (3) metallic poisons; (4) toxic gases; (5) toxic organic solvents; t 6) dnrmatosos and venereal diseases; (7) other factors affecting industrial health; (S) miscellaneous exposures and 3ick absenteeism; (9) air sampling methods and analyses; (10) occupational disease engineering control methods; (11) person al protection equipment; (12) ventilation; (13) plant surveys, industrial process es and operations; (14) logoi phases and (IS) medical control and industrial health education. Space docs not permit abstracting the individual lectures, but the publication should be valuable for any school or organisation giving similar courses as well as for reading for general information. Some of the individual lectures have been abstractad in this Digest. 485 The Background of Inaustrial Medicine. L. Yaccaro. Nat. Safety News, 45. 34 (May, 1942), The earliest priest-physicians of Egypt practiced safety and industrial medicine us proven by tho Edwin Smith papyrus. Dr. Vaccore presents a review of ancient literature shoring that the existence of occupational diseases was well known in ancient times. 4 CV, a r\ Ja 55? Industrial Hygione Ligest - 14. 486 ttorkers' Health Education. S. G. Pritchard. An. J. rub. Health, 32, 393-4-20 (April, 1942). Health educaticn for v'orkars, and for adults in general, bus lagged behind activ ities directed to houlth of infants and children. The average worker has Tory meager icons about general health care, and ho relies on patent medicine adver tisements rather than sound medical knowledge. The need for health education is increasing on account of the aging of the population, but only a small number of employers are trying to meet it. Some government and other organizations have published some health information for workers, but it is limited in scope and not alv;ay3 in language that will interest those to whom it is directed. The author describes means now being pursued by the U. S. Public Health Service, espe cially by the distribution of a series of leaflets, covering 10 occupational haz ards and 10 ncn-oecupational diseases, written briefly in a style appealing to the average worker. The titles of these issued sc far include "Leonard's Appen dix and How it Burst," "K0 by CO Gas," "Clara gives Benzoi the Run Around." Copies are supplied free to state agencies and the others sold. In addition to the leaflets, posters, photographic exhibits, electrically transcribed radio programs and a motion picture arc foaturos of the general program. 487 Visiting Nurse Service for the Small Plant. L. Hannon. lad. lied., ll, 238-239 (May, 1942). ' The method of selection, routine performance, duties and alas of nurses acting under the plan of the Visiting Nurse Association ore described. Nurses for par ticular plants arc selected by the Association on the basis of experience and preparation. The nurses'duties vary somewhat with the size and nature of the plant, but in general include first aid to accidents occurring whan she is in the plant, seeing all employees who were given first aid since her last visit, interviewing employees who have been ill, general observation of working condi tions, cooperation with the physician and reports on the number of workers re ceiving her various services. Sinco the beginning of this program no plant has decreased the number of the nurse* s hours or cancelled its contract with the Association. Cn the other hand the work has almost always increased in facilities and importance. 483 The Application of Mental Hyyjane to the Problems of the Industrial Nurse. Meyer Brora. Ind. Med., 11_, 97-100, (February, 1942). One field in which the industrial nurse can be helpful is in the recognition and amelioration of slight mental disorders before they become serious. It must be recognized that such disorders aro diseases and not occasions of disgrace. Thero ore throe types of mild disturbances: (1) the nervous or mental disorder which is not severe enough to require hospital care but which con become so if it re mains untreated; (2) minor disorders which rarely becomes severe enough to re quire Institutional care and which can be relieved wholly or in part by prompt and suitable nodical care; and (3) those which show some emotional of mental mal adjustments. The nurso can be of assistance with all three classes of patients ar4 others v,lth minor abnonnnlities by broadening her knowledge of psychiatry and by showing sympathy cad understanding tOYJard workers in the course of her treat ment of physical injuries, and in goneral contacts. 489 Bulletin of the Czechoslovak Medical Association. Czechoslovak Research Insti tute, London. No. 1, 28 pp. 1941. Ir. this small pamphlet well-known experts give a good picture of work now being .'.one in Great Britain by Czechoslovaks, It also includes an article by J.Loowy and W. Recht on health services in the Czechoslovak Republic during the 20 years of its existence. One object of the government has been the improvement of the health of laborofs, and research on labor conditions has been ccnductod by govern ment agencies and by the leading universities. MMB6-(it/1057O 6 i i f3 2 "dA Absenteeism 48C-431 Aar conditioning chemistry laboratory 463 Aircraft Industry occupational hazards 458 Air travel medical problems 457 Arthritis compressed air workers 459 B1smut h long dusting experi ments 443 Cadim iim poisoning 449 Carbitol solvent effect on skin 454 Carbon tetrachloride poisoning 453 Cement industry dust collection 470 Chemicals, explosive analysis 461 Compressed air occupational diseases 459 Dermatitis carbitol solvent 454 Dust collection 470 fractionation 462 lung experiments 443 protection 464 5ye hazards mercury vapor lamp 455 IKEX (May, 1942) ;s j atisue gas masks 471 industrial 460 Foundry industry code of practices 469 Deadline intoxication 450 Health, industrial education executives maintenance morbidity Heat s,,lar radiation -486 479 439 482 473 Hydrocarbons, unsaturnted air analysis 463 Industrial hygiene loss toxic substitutes 466 lecturos 484 Industrial medicina history 435 nutrition 483 plant service 475 program 477-478-489 Lead lung experiments 443 multiple sclerosis 449 poisoning 444 preventive therapy -447 Leather industry hazards 440 Leptospira! jaundice epidemiology 456 Nitrogen oxides therapy 451 Nursing, industrial 48 7-488 Oxygen mask apparatus 472 P^int industry multiple scicrosi i 33 :c P^arl button indust3L health hazards 446 Pneumoconiosis talc industry 442 Radium ventilation require ment s 4 35 Silicosis case report, Now Zealand prevention 441 467 Sound 474 Talc industry pneunoconiosis 442 Trichlorethylene 452 Tuberculosis trauma and other occu pational factors 445 har industries health 476