Document ymDbenMawvk8pxp2enRpqL4Zn

A Division of The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc. Roy T. Gottesman Executive Director July 19, 1991 TO: Pipe Resource Organization Electrical Materials Council RE: 1991 Update of Cost/Benefit Study As you may be aware, we commissioned Dr. Joseph Zicherman of IFT Technical Services to do an update of the Cost/Benefit Study on InPlace Costs and Technical and Regulatory Constraints to Use of PVC Based Pipe, Tube and Conduit in Construction. The original report was based on data gathered in 1988 and published in September 1989. We had asked for an updating so that the paper that Dr. Zicherman presented at the Construction Specifiers Institute Meeting in San Diego on June 29 would be based on current information. Enclosed is a copy of the report just received from IFT giving the results of the update. Essentially, the data confirms the findings in the earlier report about the economic advantages that accrue from the use of PVC although all of the cost numbers have changed due to changes in material prices and labor rates. This is for your information and files. Separately I have asked Nora Jacobs and Dan Stanowick at Edward Howard & Company to advise me of the costs involved in preparing an update of the 4-page summaries that were issued in July 1990 that were based on the original cost/benefit study. RTG/pmb CTI,027045 Wayne Interchange Plaza II 155 Route 46 Wesf Wayne, NJ 07470 (201) 890-9299 Strip Shopping Center In-Place Electrical Costs 25 i Legend 1 - ENT Concealed - Lighting 2 -- EMT Concealed - Lighting 3 - ENT Concealed - Outlets 4 - EMT Concealed - Outlets 3.4.5 Strip Shopping Center In-Place Electrical Costs (in Dollars) -1991 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION 16.0510 16.0511 16.0510 16.0512 16.0510 16.0513 16.0510 16.0514 ENT Concealed-Lighting ENT with #12 CU Wire EMT Concealed-Lighting EMT wilh #12 CU Wire ENT Concealed-Outlets ENT with #12 CU Wire EMT Concealed-Outlets EMT with #12 CU Wire SAN FRANCISCO DOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE ATLANTA 19,104 28,118 11,998 18,190 18,566 27,342 11,614 17,635 16,536 23,700 10,205 15,030 14,925 21,014 9,095 13,108 16,238 22,984 9,949 14,518 15,462 21,909 9,436 13,749 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 16,805 24,178 10,383 15,372 CTL027046 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION 15.4160/15.4150 15.4170/15.4150 CPVC - DHCW - PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/COPPER TYPE "M` CPVC-DHCW-GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/COPPER TYPE 3.4.4 Strip Shopping Center Ratio of In-Place Costs CPVC/Copper DHCW -1991 SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON 0.6483 0.6319 0.6161 0.5948 0.6430 0.6260 0.6096 0.5874 SEATTLE 0.6232 ATLANTA 0.6018 0.6170 0.5947 PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.6193 06130 CTL027047 3.5 Assemblies Analyzed The table below lists the various fire-rated assemblies in the four types of buildings studied (walls and floor/ceilings and their construction elements) which included penetrations requiring fire-resistive detailing. '077-0Zrja ASSEMBLIES ANALYZED I WALLS A) FRAMING Wood Studs 2" x 4" through 3" x 6" Metal Studs 1-5/8" deep through 5-1/2" deep B) CLADDING (one or both sides) 5/8" Type "X" gypsum wallboard 1" gypsum core board 1/2" fiberglass mesh with mortar under tile 1/2" liberglass mesh with mortar under marble wire reinforced stucco veneer plywood sheathing 7/S" metal furring with 1/4" marble facing 1/2" metal channel with 5/8" Type "X" gypsum wallboard C) MONOLITHIC 5-5/S" concrete block 7-5/8" concrete block 12" concrete slab II FLOOR/CEILING ASSEMBLIES ,h ........ rnrtrirr-~-yfr-nrrr-t r i--rrr ir ni~riirrnrnmminniiili > iim A) SLABS Minimum 4-1/2" thick B) WOOD FRAME 2" x 8" wood joists with 5/8" plywood decking and 5/8" Type "X" gypsum wallboard on 1/2" metal channels III INSULATIONS R-8 through R-ll fiberglass batt-2" through 6" in thickness IV PENETRATING ELEMENTS A) DWV - 3/4" (condensate) through 8" PVC Schedule 40 B) DHCW - 1/2" CPVC through 6" C) Sprinkler Risers - various sizes D) ENT, RNMC, - 3/4" and 1" PVC CTL027048 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION 16.0510 ENT/EMT Concealod-Lighling 16.0511/16.0512 with #12 CU Wiro 16.0510 ENT/EMT Concealed-Oullcts 16.0513/16.0514 with #12 CU Wire 3.4.6 Strip Shopping Center Ratio of In-Place Costs ENT/EMT -1991 SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE ATLANTA PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.6794 0.6790 0.6977 0.7102 0.7065 0.7057 0.6964 0.6596 0.6586 0.6790 0.6939 0.6053 0.6863 0.6771 CTl027049  4.0 CODE APPROVALS 4.1 Building Codes In terms of building code acceptance and approval, all three model building codes permit unlimited use of combustible (i.e., PVC) piping, tube, and conduit products in all construction types. Each code contains somewhat different caveats with regard to the use of these products, but all depend on the ASTM E-814 fire-test method to demonstrate adequate thru-penetration fire performance. ASTM E-119 may be invoked as well to express overall construction assembly performance when PVC pipe, tube and/or conduit are included. Recent favorable review of a revised edition of the PPFA installation manual by CABO-NES will enhance acceptance of NC piping products by the building code community. Relative to building codes, no bars exist to unlimited use of PVC pipe, tube, or conduit, provided the appropriate subsidiary code (electrical or plumbing) allows for their use. Such Building Code acceptance, however, is often based on demonstrations of satisfactory performance in E-814 or E-119 testing mandated by the alternate materials and/or installation methods language found in each code. Restrictions to the use of combustibles in concealed spaces and/or return air plenums do affect use of PVC products. These are appropriate if the space is used for an HVAC function, but have no technical merit in other cases. 4.2 Plumbing Codes While the Standard (SBCCI) and National Building Code (BOCA) both utilize plumbing codes which do not restrict use of PVC pipe, this is not the case with the Uniform Plumbing Code which is promulgated by IAPMO (The International Conference of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials) for ICBO (International Conference of Building Officials). Thus, in geographic areas where the IAPMO code is the adopted plumbing code, use of plastic pipe is restricted to buildings which are three stories or less in height. Because of this specific restriction, "alternative materials and methods interpretations" found in the building code are typically unavailable to the end-user/specifier since the building official would be required to overrule both his plumbing inspector and the adopted plumbing code. Thus, existence of specific acceptance criteria which will allow use of PVC materials in the Uniform Building Code is rendered moot at this time where \077-02.rja CTL027050 35 A total of eight combustible assemblies (i.e., those including wood framing members) were analyzed. Non-combustible, fire-rated assemblies requiring fire-resistive detailing analyzed included twenty-one different configurations with metal stud-based framing. Four monolithic walls and floor/ceilings based on concrete slabs or block were also analyzed. Many of the metal-framed walls (as well as wood-framed ones) differed only in the presence or absence of fiberglass batt insulation (usually for sound control) or in thickness of walls. For example, walls containing plumbing chases varied in thickness as related to sizing of DWV found in a particular chase. Conversely, while walls with electrical service only were of minimum thickness, ah walls were considered to contain the minimum number of outlets required by the applicable code for the number of outlets in each room. Additionally, several of the wall configurations were non-conventional, e.g., gypsum wallboard on one side of metal studs and tile or marble over mesh/grout on the other. plumbing chases bounded by a concrete slab (shaft) wall on one side and gypsum wallboard on the other. SS077-02.r]a citoaiosi f 5.0 TECHNICAL CONSTRAINTS The types of fire-rated construction assemblies occurring in the buildings analyzed in this study are quite broad. Thus, they present a good vehicle for reviewing available technical data as it relates to construction assemblies in general being used with PVC products. They range from relatively standard assemblies being penetrated by PVC piping from 3/4" in diameter (condensate drains) through 1-1/2" or 2" DWV lines and sprinkler lines. Such walls also include piping as large as 4", with greater diameters typically passing through slabs. They all contain ENT and most have openings for electrical boxes. Overall, the expanded efforts by manufacturers of thru penetration firestopping materials and devices have been fruitful as expressed in the hundreds of such systems found in UL handbooks, as well as in CABO-NER Research Committee recommendations.3 5.1 Plumbing Walls Of the wall types, the most common, in terms of available supporting test data, were stud walls based on 2" x 6" (nominal) wood and metal studs for plumbing uses. Both have been fire endurance tested with and without fiberglass insulation. Because these walls were tested with both thru-penetrations and simulated drain lines and vent stacks, such walls containing either PVC thru-penetrations and/or drain lines and/or vents should be acceptable to code authorities. In terms of fire endurance, duration of tested walls (hourly-rating), 6" deep one and twohour walls with metal framing have been tested directly, as have one-hour wood-frame walls. Given that metal frame test results are commonly accepted for use in wood framing systems of identical dimensions and fire endurance ratings, two-hour wood walls containing PVC, DWV, and DHCW piping should be acceptable. While no testing of PVC plumbing thru-penetrations with generic firestopping has been conducted for shaft walls, proprietary systems for such installations have been tested and are UL listed. 3Examples of these efforts have resulted in recent CABO-NER [NER 370 issued 4-91] recognition for Model Building Code reference of the PPFA insulation manual 'Plastic Pipe in Fire Resistive Construcdon" and publication of The Vinyl Institute sponsored research describing PVC-DWV Gie performance in NFPA, BOCA and ICBO journals. 077-02.rja CTL027052 37 the Uniform Plumbing Code is used for buildings over three stories. However, from 1991 forward PVC pipe can be used in all types of construction (combustible and non combustible) three stories or less. The situation in the case of the IAPMO code creates a potentially serious impact to the expanded use of PVC-DWV and DHCW in the Western and mid-Western U.S.. Continuation of the present policies will limit growth of PVC product use in these areas. 4.3 Electrical Codes The National Electrical Code, promulgated by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), allows for unlimited use of PVC-based conduit and tubing as long as it is not directly exposed to room areas. Specifically, these products must be protected (at minimum) by a 15-minute thermal barrier. In addition, they cannot be installed in areas where they will be exposed to return air flows for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems as in plenum spaces. Few code-related bars to the use of PVC-based electrical products appear to exist at this time. However, further testing for both thermal barrier and fire endurance properties of assemblies incorporating these products is still needed. This will be discussed in the next section. 4.4 Major Cities While few small to medium sized cities write their own building codes, several large cities do write codes impacting use of PVC (and other) plastic pipe, tube, and conduit products. Examples include Chicago, Seattle, San Francisco and Denver. In many of these situations, partial approvals and restrictions for these products exist through amendments made to a specific, adopted model code. Recent legal action in Pittsburgh has lifted many of these restrictions. Extensive lobbying efforts, as well as presentation of appropriate technical data, will be needed before cities such as those listed above can be expected to allow expanded use of PVC products. In addition, because of the role unions, cost-plus contractors and contracting associations play in code adoption processes and enforcement in such cities, acceptance of the PVC products will require continued long term planning and work. 88077-02.rja civo21053 6.0 ECONOMIC/COST BENEFIT SUMMARY Table and charts which follow summarize analyses conducted for the four classes of buildings studied. Numerical values are based on an average of dollar costs in the cities surveyed. Thus, they reflect the mid-range in cost of each product as installed. Results show that use of PVC-based piping and electrical products present clear advantages overall in spite of the fact that they require additional fire-resistive installation detailing for certain applications. Findings are sensitive to some extent to pipe diameter, but most of all to number of penetrations occurring in subject structures. For example, the data for the highrise residential and commercial structures both include substantially higher material and/or labor costs for particular pipe sizes such as 2" and 3" PVC-DWV or 1/2" CPVC-DHCW. The reason for this is n&t the cost of the pipe itself. Rather these are the sizes of pipe requiring firestop detailing which leads to substantially higher unit (i.e., price per foot installed! costs. When included in the overall price estimates however, the impact of such high unit costs are reduced. Such data support the need for an easily used thrupenetration firestop system (i.e., one with a low cost of installation). 077-02.rja CTL027054 39 5.2 Electrical In Walls The situation with ENT and PVC-RNMC is similar to that with PVC-DWV, although few test results can be found justifying use of these products in other than two-hour walls and partitions. Likewise, tests of the two-hour electrical assemblies were carried out with assemblies of 4" nominal depth. In the absence of data for thinner two-hour assemblies, a knowledgeable code official would be justified in refusing use of PVC electrical products in other than two-hour walls of nominal 4" or greater thickness. This lack of one-hour test results has already proved problematic in the field for ENT use in thinner walls containing ENT only or PVC boxes and ENT. 5.3 Floor/Ceiling Assemblies With regard to floor/ceiling assemblies, no PVC plumbing products have been successfully tested in full-sized wood stud or metal-framed assemblies for the full duration intended in the tests. NEMA's PVC conduit section has now conducted a successful fact-finding series with a non-combustible F/C assembly at Underwriter's Laboratories. This has led to a new three (3) hour CABO-NER recommendation. Earlier, testing with wood-framed F/C systems was conducted to assess the impact of the use of PVC boxes in particular on such assemblies. Based on test results available, (with the exception of the National Electrical Code regulation requiring 15-minute finish rating protection with PVC-ENT use and building code prohibitions on their use in return-air plenums), use of PVC-ENT and conduit electrical products can be better justified in F/C assemblies than can use of PVC-DWV pipe. SS077-02.rja CTL027055 7.0 CONCLUSION Cost savings attainable through use of the PVC products studied are significant. This is the case even with the necessity to utilize firestop detailing which increases costs substantially, as is well demonstrated by data for pipe sizes commonly exiting from within fire-resistive assemblies such as shaft or other walls backing up on kitchens, lavatories, etc. To realize the cost advantages the PVC products evaluated in this report and to achieve greater market penetration for such products, concerted focus on the code process in the Western U.S. will be needed along with continued work in major cities. In addition, the possible requirement of additional supportive fire-test data in selected plumbing and electrical product areas by local code officials will have to be addressed. 88077- OZrja CTL027056 41 CSI Section No. Description 15.4100 15.4110 15.4120 15.4130 15.4140 Cast iron pipe hubless mech, joint PVC, Sell 40. in building, w/Hgs, supports and proprietary fire slopping PVC. cellular core, Sch 40 in building w/ltgs, supports, and proprietary tiro stopping PVC, solid core, Sch 40, in building w/ftgs, supports and generic fire slopping when possible PVC, cellular core, Sch 40, in building w/ftgs, supports and generic fire slopping when possible 15.4150 15.4160 15.4170 Copper pipe T in building, w/ltgs & supports CPVC, supply pipe w/ltgs, supports a proprietary firo stopping CPVC, supply pipe w/ftgs, supports a genetic proprietary fire stopping when possible 16.0510 16.0511 16.0510 16.0512 16.0510 16.0513 16.0510 16.0514 ENT Concealed-Lighting ENT with #12 CU Wire EMT Concealed-Lighting EMT with #12 CU Wire ENT Concealed-Outlets ENT with #12 CU Wire EMT Concealed-Outlets EMT with #12 CU Wire Cost/Benefit SummaryTables 1991 Highrise Residential Average PVC Product Highrise PVC Product Cost as % of Commercial Cost as % of Metal Pipe Average Metal Pipe Wood-frame Townhouse Average 351,669 79,166 207,619 59 56,549 117,054 71 72,546 PVC Product Cost as % of Melal Pipe Strip Shopping Average PVC Product Cost as % of Metal Pipe 33,410 62 20,546 61 203,342 50 52,903 67 71,532 61 19,076 59 207,320 59 52,997 67 70,307 60 20,109 60 202,976 50 52,054 66 69,423 59 19,474 50 216,017 69,301 01,339 130,065 60 43,257 62 70,104 132,203 61 42,634 61 65,195 17,547 06 10,910 62 00 10,000 62 79.020 114,096 210,412 323,352 32,451 30,227 69 46,696 69 54,999 05,100 10,043 60 126,000 60 26,712 CTL027057 16,005 69 24,177 70 10,303 60 15,372 60 MATERIALS NOTES4 PIPE PRICING Includes: Pipe, fittings, supports, man-hours for each component at local union rates, subcontractor overhead and profit, and tax. FIRESTOPPING SYSTEMS CONSIDERED FOR ESTIMATE PREPARATION Proset: Coupling, wye, plug. Installation is that of one/two fittings depending on system. 3M: Pipe wrapping, aluminum foil tape and caulking. Thermafiber: Batt insulation in walls but applied around pipe then sealed with smoke sealant. DISTRIBUTORS CONTACTED FOR FIRESTOPPING PVF Sales, Inc. 3M Electrical Product Division U.S.G. Gypsum Drywall Supply R.V. Associates Orion Industries Weiss Russell & Co. Scanlain & Associates Sales Co. Proset System, Inc. 4 The total cost per lineal foot of pipe installed is affected by the number of penetrations per total pipe footage, e.g. for 200 penetrations/4000 lineal feet, the lineal foot cost is hardly affected. Whereas with 200 penetrations/800 lineal feet, the cost per lineal foot is greatly affected. 88077-02.rja A2 CTL027058 APPENDIX A* MATERIALS NOTES * In order to prepare the needed data, plans for each building were analyzed to determine (a) number of feet of product used (i.e., pipe, tube, or conduit), (b) number of fittings needed and (c) detailing needed to utilize the PVC products (Le., firestop detailing, hangers, etc.). These materials were then totaled for a given size of pipe, tube, or conduit. Next, the unit cost was determined by dividing the total cost (of all materials) by the total number of feet used. This result is the "material cost" which is the average-per-foot cost. Next, labor costs associated with installing the number of feet of pipe, fittings, firestop and other detailing were totaled by pipe size. An average, again based on total feet of pipe of a particular size, was then taken representing an average labor cost. The sum of these two averages was used to determine the unit cost figure quoted. San Francisco was used as a base city, although calls were made to sources in the other five cities to develop local material, labor, and unit costs. This methodology is standard to the construction estimating industry for large projects. 83077-OZrja CTL027059 A1 APPENDIX B ELECTRICAL NOTES 88077-02.rja CTL027060 B1 DISTRIBUTORS CONTACTED FOR PIPE/FITHNGS San Francisco & Seattle: Harrington Plastics P. E. O'Hair Houston: Harry Hope & Associates Hugh Cunningham Dan Roberts Atlanta: Clary Knovland Ferguson Rozzel Barks Sales Cleveland: Webbs Supply B. F. Goodrich Wolen Sales R. G. Sloane Boston: Boston Pipe & Fittings B. F. Goodrich Central Pipe & Supply Brahmen Dow & Co. Urellic Co. Total Plastic, Inc. Holbrook Plastic Pipe Supply, Inc. CONTACTS FOR CELLULAR/FOAM CORE PVC PIPING Plastics Pipe Institute Plastic Pipe & Fittings Association National Sanitation Foundation Bristolpipe L&H Aaron Co. 88077-OZrja CTL027061 A3 APPENDIX C 3M FIRE BARRIER NOTES 88077-02.rja CTL027062 Cl ELECTRICAL NOTES In completing the calculations required for the electrical portion of the study, two basic criteria were used. The lighting circuits conduit/wire and the device circuits conduit/wire were compared when using both electrical metallic tubing (EMT) and electrical non-metallic tubing (ENT). Both conduit and wire systems were figured with appropriate numbers of couplings and terminators and with #12 copper wire required for the circuits. In addition, both were shown at 3/4" and 1" sizes for each type of conduit. Material costs were determined by phoning the Graybar distributors in the cities used for the study. The costs were discounted and marked up to reflect the retail value of the materials used. Labor rates were also calculated by using each individual city union labor rate and applying it to pre-determined unit man-hours. 8S077-02.rja CTL027063 B2 APPENDIX D RAW COST DATA FOR PROJECT ESTIMATES 88077-02.rja CTL027064 D1 3M FIRE BARRIER NOTES ITEM # DESCRIPTION 15.1607 Fire Barrier Penetration System. Plastic Pipe MAN HRS MATL INSTALL TOTAL UNIT 15.1607011 15.1607021 15.1607031 15.1607041 15.3607051 15.1607061 15.1607071 15.1607081 15.1607091 15.1607111 15.1607121 15.1607131 15.1607141 15.1607151 15.1607161 15.1607171 15.1607181 15.1607191 15.1607211 15.1607221 15.1607231 15.1607241 15.1607251 15.1607261 15.1607271 FB, Water, Cplg, Ftg w / pig l/2'-l" FB, Water. Cplg, Ftg w / pig 2" FB, Water, Cplg, Ftg w / pig 2 l/2'-3" FB, Water. Cplg, Ftg w / pig 4"-5' FB, Water. Cplg, Ftg w / pig 6' FB, Water, Cplg, Fig w / pig S' FB, Dwv, Cplg, Ftg w / pig 2" FB. Dwv. Cplg, Ftg w / pig 3" FB, Dwv. Cplg, Ftg w / pig 4' FB, Dwv, Cplg, Ftg w / pig 6' FB, Dwv. Cplg, Ftg w / pig 8" FB, Caulk. Wrap / Strip l/2"-T FB. Caulk, Wrap / Strip 2" FB, Caulk, Wrap / Strip 3' FB, Caulk. Wrap / Strip 4" FB, Caulk, Wrap / Strip 5" FB, Caulk. Wrap / Strip 6* FB, Caulk, Wrap / Strip 8' FB, Batt w / Smoke Seal l/2'-l" FB, Batt w / Smoke Seal 2* FB, Batt w / Smoke Seal 3* FB, Batt w / Smoke Seal 4* FB, Batt w / Smoke Seal 5' FB, Batt w / Smoke Seal 6' FB, Batt w / Smoke Seal 8" 0.0798 0.0903 0.1103 0.1247 0.1352 0.1488 0.0999 0.1299 0.1500 0.1786 0.2012 0.0999 0.1200 0.1398 0.1499 0.1700 0.1899 0.2099 0.0931 0.1090 0.1233 0.1450 0.1607 0.1852 0.2028 1.20 3.02 3.59 5.IS 11.47 17.52 7.16 10.35 13.15 19.92 22.71 1.06 136 3.01 3.81 4.05 6.S6 12.26 0.W 0.06 0.17 0.26 0.36 0.65 1.12 5.46 6.18 735 8.52 9.25 10.17 6.84 8.S9 10.27 12.22 13.77 6.S4 8.21 937 10.26 11.63 13.00 14.36 6.37 7.46 S.44 9.92 11.00 12.67 13.S8 6.66 9.20 11.14 13.70 20.72 27.69 14.00 19 24 23.42 32.14 36.48 7.90 9.77 1238 14.07 15.68 19.S6 26.62 6.41 7.52 8.61 10.18 11.36 13.32 15.00 EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA EA SS077-02.qa CTL027065 C2 D.1.1 Highrisc Residential In-Place Costs - DWV - Raw Data - 1991 CSi seen on NO. DliSCRIPTION 15.400 15.410 Pl.UMIIING I'l.UMUINCi 1*1 PINO MATlilUAl. COST 1ADOR COST SAN I'RANCISCO IIOSTON * Cl.LiVlilANl) HOUSTON SI'A'llUi ATUVNTA UNIT COST AVHRAG1: 15.4101 15.4102 15.4103 15.4104 15.4105 15.4106 C.1.1*., SOU. NO UUI) MliCII, JOIN1': C.I.I*., Soil, 1 1/2* No Hub C.I 1*., Soil, 2" No Hub C.I.I*., Soil, 3* No Hub C.1.1*., Soil, 4* No Hub C.1.1*., Soil, 5* No Hub C.1.1*., Soil, 6* No Hub 3.1)3 4.09 5.36 6 83 8.85 10.80 11.83 11.83 12.91 13.62 15.62 12.94 15.76 15.92 18.30 20.45 24.47 28.74 12.92 13.08 15.19 17.18 20.72 20.63 10 91 11.07 12.99 14 87 18.07 18.43 8.90 9.06 10.79 12 55 15.41 16.23 11.74 11.90 13.90 15.82 19.16 19.34 9.49 9.65 11.44 13.23 16.19 16.88 11.62 11.78 13.77 15.68 19.00 20.01 I'VC, SOU1) CORI!, SCI1 40, IN DU1LDING W/1TGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRILlTARY I'lRJ! STOPPING: 15.4111 15.4112 15.4113 Pipe, I'VC, Sell 40, 1 1/2 Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 2* Pipe, I*VC, Sch 40, 3' SS077-02.rja 1.60 1.41 2.58 10.56 6.78 8.82 12.16 8 19 11.40 9.6.3 6.56 9.28 7.83 5.41 7.78 6 01 8.57 656 4.26 5.88 4.60 6.28 8.40 6.73 CTL027066 8.46 5.82 8.31 D3 APPENDIX D.l fflGHRISE RESIDENTIAL 88077-Olija cTL027067 D2 l*VC, eiiU.UI.AR COKIi, SCI 1 40, IN IIUII.DING W/PTGS, SUPPORT'S AND GliNliRIC 11 lUi STOPPING WIIliN POSSMUi: 15.4441 15.4442 15.4443 15.4444 15.4445 15.4446 ripe, I*VC, Sch 40, 1 1/2 l'i|>c, 1*VC, Sch 40, 2" ri|>c, I*VC, Sch 40, 3" I'ipc, I'VC, Sell 40, 4" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 5' Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 6" 1% 1.31 2.45 3.43 4 0V 6.20 9 21 6.7H 8 82 V.23 9.5V 10 0*J 10.27 8.09 11 27 12 66 13.68 16.2V 8.06 6 46 V. 15 10 41 11.38 13.87 6.4V 5.31 7.65 8 88 V.75 12.15 UNIT COST RliPRliSliNPS INSTAU.liD COST, PliR I'OO P, OP' PIPli TUI11NG OR CONDUIP liSTIMATIiD. MANUFACPURliR/SUPPl.lliR WOUI.D NO P RliVI AI. PVC I'KICIiS WITHOUT AN ORDLiR. NUMIUiRS HASlil) ON llSTlMATli. 4.93 4.16 6.15 7.31 8 12 10 44 7.14 5.78 8 27 9.52 1042 12 86 5.39 4.50 6.60 7.77 8 60 10.94 7.05 5.72 8.18 943 10.32 12.76 8S077-02.ija CTL027068 D5 15.4114 15.4115 15.4116 l'i|>c, PVC, Sell 40, 4' Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 5" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 6' PVC, Clil.l.ULAR COlll', SC1I. 40 IN iiuii.ding support, and PROPRIliPARY I'lRU STOPPING: 15.4121 154122 15.4123 15.4124 15.4125 15.4126 Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 1 1/2 Pipe, PVC, Sell 40. 2" Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 3' Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 4" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 5" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 6" PVC, SOLID COlUi, SCII 40, IN I1UILD1NG W/PTGS, SUPPORIS AND GI'NI'RIC I'lRU STOPPING WllliN POSSIDLli 15.4131 15.4132 15.4133 15.4134 15.4135 15.4136 Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 1 1/2 Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 2" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 3* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40. 4' Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 5" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 6* 8S077-02ija 3.61 4.34 6.55 0.23 0.50 10.00 12.8-1 13.0.3 16.64 10.62 II 63 14.22 1.54 1.32 2.45 3.4.3 4.00 6.21 10.56 6.78 8.82 0.2.3 0.50 10.00 12.10 K. 10 11.27 12.66 13.68 16.30 0.57 6.47 0.15 10.44 II..38 13.88 1.11 1.41 2.58 3.62 4.31 6.53 10.30 6.78 8 82 0.23 0.50 10 00 11.41 8.10 11.40 12.85 13.00 16.62 8.0-1 6.56 0.28 10 63 11.60 14.20 CTL027069 0.06 1000 12.50 7.40 8 37 10.70 0.70 10.67 13 21 7.95 8.85 11.29 9 61 10.57 13.11 7 77 5.32 7.65 8 88 0 75 12.16 5.08 4.17 6.15 7.31 8.12 10.45 851 5.70 8.27 0.52 10.42 12.87 6.50 4.51 6.60 7.77 8.60 10.05 8 40 5.73 8 18 9 43 10.32 12.77 7.19 5.41 7.78 0.07 0.07 12.48 5.44 4.26 6 28 7.50 8.3-1 10.77 7.91 5.88 8.40 0.71 10.64 13 19 5.05 4.60 6.73 7.06 8 82 11.27 7.81 5.82 8.31 0.62 10.54 13.09 CPVC, W/Fl'GS, SUPPORT'S, GliNliRIC PIRU STOPPING WllliN POSSIllLlI 15.4171 15.4172 15.4173 15.4174 15.4175 15.4176 Pipe, CPVC, 1/2" Pipe, CPVC, 3/4" Pipe, CPVC, 1" Pipe, CPVC, 1 1/4" Pipe, CPVC, 1 1/2" Pipe, CPVC, 2" 1.16 1.44 1.7V 2.50 2.48 3.18 6.18 6.4V 6.17 5.86 6.43 6.75 7.34 7.V3 7.V6 8.36 8.91 V.V3 5.86 6.37 6.48 6.95 7.37 8.31 4.81 5.27 5.43 5.V6 6.27 7.16 3.76 4.17 4.38 4.96 5.18 6.02 5.24 5.72 5.86 6.37 6.72 7.64 4.06 4.49 4.69 5.25 5.50 6.35 5.18 5.66 5.80 6.31 6.66 151 8S077-02.rja CTL027070 D7 D.1.2 Ilighri.sc Residential In-Place Costs - D1ICW - Raw Data - 1991 CSI SUCTION NO. DliSCRIlTION 15.4151 15.4152 15.4153 15.4151 15.4155 15.4156 COI'l'UK '1.'. W/l'TCiS A SUl'I'OR'IS: 1'ijic, Copper '1.*, 1/2" ri(>c, Copper `I.*. 3/4" 1'ipc, Copper "1.", 1" l'ipc, Cop|>er "1.", 1 I/I" I'ipe, Copper "L", 1 1/2" 1'ipc, Copper "1.*, 2" MATURIAU COST IADOK COST SAN URANC1SCO llOSTON CI.liVUI.ANI) HOUSTON SliATH.Ii ATIANIA UNIT COST AVURACili 1.62 2.40 3.36 4.67 5.43 7.77 5.41 6 58 7.80 8 43 8.97 10.81 7.03 8.98 11.16 13.10 14.40 18.58 5.7.3 7.40 9.29 11.08 12.25 15.99 4.81 6 28 7 96 9 64 10 72 14.15 3.89 5.16 6 6-1 8.21 9.20 12.31 5.19 6.74 8.51 10.23 11.35 14.90 4.16 5 49 7.03 8 63 9.65 12.85 5.14 6 68 8 4) 10.15 11.26 14.80 CTVC. W/ITC.S, SU1TORTS AND l'ROl'lUUTARY 11RII STOI'l'INCi: 15.4161 15.4162 15.4163 t5.4164 15.4165 15.4166 I'ipe, CTVC, 1/2" I'ipe, CI'VC, 3/4" 1'ipc, CI'VC, 1" l'i|c, CI'VC, 1 1/4" 1'ipc, CI'VC, 1 1/2" I'ipe, CI'VC, 2" 1.21 1.50 2.13 2.57 2 59 3.26 6.25 6.29 5.60 5.57 5.94 6.41 7.46 7.79 7.73 8.14 8.53 9.67 5.96 6.28 6.39 680 7.10 8.13 4.90 5.21 5.43 5.86 6.09 7.0-1 3.84 4.14 4.48 4.91 5.08 5.95 5.34 5.65 5.83 6.25 6.51 7.49 4.15 4.46 4.76 5.19 5.38 6 27 5.27 5 59 5.77 6.19 6.45 7.43 SS077-02.rja CTL027071 D6 APPENDIX D.2 fflGHRISE BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL 1077-Olrja CTL027072 D9 CSl SUCTION NO. D.1.3 iiighrisc Residential In-Place Costs - Electrical - Raw Data - 1991 DUSC1U1TION MATlilUAL COST IjMIOK COST SAN URANC1SCO 11OST0N CLUVULANO HOUSTON SUA'ITLU ATLAN17V UNIT COST AVHRAGH 16000 lil.HCllUCAl. 16050.10 Conduil/Wirc Assy - l.ighting Circuits 16050.11 16050.15 16050.12 16050.16 3/4" UNI' ComJuil with CU Wire 1" I:NT (Conduit with CU Wire 3/4' UMT Conduit with CU Wire l" UMT Conduit with CU Wire 1.81 1.99 2.22 2.54 1.39 1.52 2.49 2.63 3.20 3.51 4.71 5.17 3 11 342 4.58 5.03 2.77 3.03 3.97 4.35 2.50 2.75 3.52 3.88 2.72 2.99 3.85 4.26 2.59 2.84 3.67 4.06 2.82 3 09 4.05 4.46 16050.10 Conduil/Wirc Assy - Outlet Circuits 16050.13 16050.17 16050.14 16050.18 3/4" UNT Conduit with CU Wire 1* UNT Conduit with CU Wire 3/4" UMT Conduit with CU Wire 1* UM T Conduit with CU Wire 1.42 1.39 1.60 1.52 1.77 2.49 1.89 2.63 2.81 3.12 4.26 4.52 2.72 3.03 4.13 4.38 2.39 2.65 3.52 3.70 2.13 2.38 3.07 3.23 2.33 2.60 3.40 3.61 2.21 2.46 3.22 341 2.43 2.71 360 3.81 SS077-02.rja CTL027073 D8 15.4113 15.4114 15.4115 li|*c, PVC, Soli 40, 4" Pipe, I'VC, Sell 40, 6' Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, H- PVC, CliU.UI.AR COR1-, SC1I. 40 IN BUILDING w/l-TGS, SUPPORT, AND PROl'lULTARY I'lRli STOPPING: 15.4121 15.4122 15.4123 15.4124 15.4125 Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 1 1/2" - 2" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 2 1/2* - 3' Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 4' Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 6* Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 8` PVC, SOI.IU CORli, sell 40. IN BUILDING W/ITC.S, SUPPORT'S AND GliNP.RIC PIRli STOPPING WllliN POSSlULli: 15.4131 15.4132 15.4133 15.4134 15.4135 Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 1 1/2" - 2" Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 2 1/2* - 3" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 4* Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 6* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 8" 4.64 7.47 11.48 9.89 12.31 13.08 1.73 4.32 3 62 7.15 10.92 8 64 10.24 9 89 12.31 13.08 1.57 4.16 3.71 7.16 11 24 8.50 10.11 9.88 12.30 13.07 14.53 19.78 24.57 12.16 16 83 21.42 10.37 14.56 13.51 19.46 24.00 8.30 12.10 11.14 16.51 20.86 10 07 14.27 13.59 19.46 24 31 8.03 11.84 11.22 16.51 21.17 10.48 14.73 19.20 8.79 12.64 16.97 11.17 15.59 20.11 9.29 13.26 17.63 11 07 15.47 19.98 6.83 10.36 9.46 14.41 18.64 5 36 8 62 7.77 12.32 16.41 7.43 11.08 10.15 15.27 19.55 5.79 9.13 8 27 12.94 17.07 7.35 10.98 10.05 15.15 19.42 6.59 10.12 9.54 14.42 18.95 5.14 8.41 7.86 12.33 16.73 7.18 10.83 10.23 15.28 19.87 5.57 8.91 8.35 12.94 17.38 7.10 10.73 10 13 15.16 19 74 SS077-02 ija CTL027 07 4 Dll D.2.1 Highrisc Commercial In-Place Costs - DWV - Raw Data - 1991 CSI suenoN NO. DliSCRJPTION 15.4000 15.4100 PLUMI1ING PLUMI1ING I'll'lNG MAT11RIA1. COST I-ADOR COST SAN PRANCISCO IIOSTON * Cl.liVliI.AND HOUSTON SliATILls ATLANTA UNIT COST AVI-RAGH 15.4101 15.4102 15.4103 15.4104 15.4105 c.i.r.p sou. no nun much, joind ON*., Soil, 1 1/2*-2" No Hub C MV, Soil, 2 1/2*-3* No Hull C.I.P., Soil, 4* No Hub C.l.l*., Soil, 6* No Hub C.I.P., Soil, 8* No Hub 3.93 5.36 6 83 10.80 12.18 11.83 12.9-1 13 62 17.94 20.26 15.76 18.30 20.45 28.74 32.14 12.92 15.19 17.18 24.43 27.58 10.91 12.99 14.87 21.38 24.13 8.90 10.79 12.55 18.33 20 69 11.74 13.90 15.82 22.6-1 25.55 9.49 11.44 13.23 19.23 21.70 11.62 13.77 15.68 22.46 25.35 PVC, SOUI) CORK, SC1I 40, IN UU1I.DING W/l-TGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRILTARY I-IRI' STOITING: 15.4111 15.4112 Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 1 1/2* - 2* Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 2 1/2* - 3' SS077-02.rja 1.80 4.43 8 64 10.24 10.44 14.67 8.37 1221 6.90 10.47 5.43 8.73 7.50 11.19 5.86 9.24 7.42 11.09 CTL027075 D.2.2 Highrisc Commercial In-Place Costs - DIICW - Raw Data - 1991 CSl SUCTION NO. MiSCRirnON 15.4151 15.4152 15.4153 COiTliR -I.-, W/I-TC.S & SUITOR'I'S: Pipe, Copper T", 1/2' - 3/4" I'ipc, Copper "C", 1" - 1 1/2" Pipe, Copper "1.", 2" 15.4154 15.4155 154156 Pipe, Copper "1/, 3' Pipe, Copper *1.*, 4" Pipe, lllack Slccl, 6' MATHRIAL CUSP I.AIIOR COST SAN PRANCISCO IIOSTON CI.UV12LAND HOUSTON 2.40 5.43 7.77 1455 24.70 19 21 6 69 9.12 11.00 14.00 17.06 29.3-1 9.09 14.55 18.77 28.55 41.76 48.55 7.48 12 36 16.13 25.19 37.67 4151 6.35 10.81 1-1.26 22.81 3-1.77 36.52 5.21 9.26 12.39 20.43 31.87 31.53 SUA1TI.U 6 82 11.45 15.03 23.79 35.96 38.57 ATI-ANPA 5.54 9.72 12.94 21.13 32.72 33.00 UNIT COST AVHRACil: 6 75 11.36 14.92 23.65 35.79 38.28 CPVC, W/l-TGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPIUUTARY l'lRLs STOPPING: 15.4161 15.4162 15.4163 15.416-1 15.4165 15.4166 Pipe, CPVC, 1/2' - 3/4" Pipe, CPVC, 1" - 1 1/2" Pipe, CPVC, 2" Pipe, CPVC, 3" Pipe, CPVC, 4" Pipe, CPVC, 6" S8077-02.rja 1 68 3.56 3.38 6.67 8.98 16.17 7.68 11.13 6.57 11.10 9.86 10.6-1 9.36 1-1.69 9.95 17.77 18.8-1 26.81 7.52 12.02 8.37 15.11 16.47 2-1.26 6.21 10.13 7.26 13.22 14.80 22.45 4.91 8.23 6.14 11.33 1.3.12 20.61 6.75 10.91 7.72 14.00 15.49 23.19 5.29 8.79 6.47 11.89 13.61 21.17 6.67 10.79 7.65 13 89 15.39 23.09 CTL027076 PVC, CliU.UlAR CORli, SC1I 40, IN BUILDING W/ITGS, supports AND GlINIilUC 1;1RU STOITING WII12N POSSIBLE 15.4141 13.4142 15.4143 15.4144 15.4145 Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 1 1/2* - 2* Pipe, PVC, Sell 40. 2 1/2* - 3* Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 4* Pipe, PVC, Seh 40, 6' Pipe, PVC, Seh 40, 8* 1.51 4.06 3.53 6.82 10.68 8.50 10 11 0.88 12.30 13 07 10.01 14.17 13.41 19.12 23.75 7.07 11.74 11.01 16.17 20.61 6 53 10.02 9.36 14.08 18.39 MANUPACTU RliR/SUPPLILiR WOULD NO P RliVliAL PlUCIiS WITHOUT AN ORDliR. NUMBliRS llASIiD ON liSTIMAlU 5.08 8.31 7.68 11.99 16.17 7.12 10.73 10.05 14.94 19.31 5.51 8.81 8.17 12.60 16.82 7.01 10 63 9.95 14.82 19.18 8S077 02.rja CTL027077 D12 D.2.3 Highrise Commercial In-Place Costs - Electrical - Raw Data - 1991 CM SUCTION NO. uiisciurnoN MATERIAL COST LABOR COST SAN IRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEAITLE ATLANTA UNIT COST AVERAGE 16000 ELECTRICAL 16050.10 Conduit/Wire Assy - Lighting C'ircuils 16050.11 16050.15 16050.12 16050.16 3/4" liNT Conduit with CU Wire 1* liNT Conduit with CU Wire 3/4" EMT Conduit with CU Wire 1" EMT Omduit with CU Wire 181 1.39 1.99 1.52 222 2.49 254 2.63 3.20 3.51 4.71 5.17 3.11 3.42 4.58 5 03 2.77 3.03 3.97 4.35 2.50 2.75 2.52 3 88 2.72 2.99 3.85 4.26 2.59 284 3.67 4.06 2.82 3.09 388 4.46 16050.10 Conduit/Wirc Assy - Outlet Circuits 16050.13 16050.17 16050.14 16050.18 3/4" liNT Conduit with CU Wire 1" liNT Conduit with CU Wire 3/4" liMT Conduit with CU Wire 1" liMT Conduit with CU Wire 1.42 1.39 1.60 1.52 1.77 2.49 189 2.63 2.81 3.12 4.26 4.52 2.72 3.03 4.13 4.38 2.39 2.65 3.52 3.70 2.13 2.38 3.07 3.23 2.33 2.60 3.40 3.61 2.21 2.46 3.22 3.41 2.43 2.71 3 60 381 SS077-02.rja CTL027078 D15 15.4171 15.4172 15.4173 15.4174 15.4175 15.4176 Cl'VC, W/l'TGS, SUPPORTS, Gl'NIiKIC TIKI' STOPPING Will IN POSSIUUi Pipe, CPVC, 1/2* - 3/4' Pipe, CPVC, 1' - 1 1/2" Pipe, CPVC, 2* Pipe, CPVC, 3" Pipe, CPVC, 4" Pipe, CPVC, 6' 1.48 2.58 3.00 6.35 8.94 16.10 7.56 10.76 6.55 10.94 9.86 10.64 9.04 13.34 9.55 17.29 18.80 26.74 7.23 10.76 7.98 14.66 16.43 24.19 5.94 8.93 6.86 12 80 14.76 22.38 4.66 7.10 5.75 10.94 13.08 20.57 6.47 9.68 7.32 1357 15.45 23.12 5.03 7.64 6.08 11.49 13 57 21.10 6.39 9 57 7.26 1346 15.35 23.02 SS07702.IJH CTL027079 D14 D.3.1 Wood-frame Townhouse ln-PIace Costs - DWV - Raw Data - 1991 CSi snenoN NO. DESCRIPTION 15.4000 15.4100 PLUMBING PLUMBING PIPING MATERIAL COST LABOR COST SAN ERANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE AITANTA UNITCOST AVERAGE 15.4101 15.4102 15.4103 15.4104 15 4105 15.4106 15.4107 15.4108 C.I.P., SOIL NO HUB MItCll, JOINT: Copper "M" Pipe 3/4" C.I.I*., Soil, 1 1/2' No Hub C.I.P., Soil, 2* No Hub C.I.P., Soil, 2 1/2 - 3" No Nub C.I.P., Soil, 4` No Hub CLP., Soil, 5* No Hub C.I.P., Soil, 6" No Hub C.I.P., Soil, 8" No Hub 1.95 3.93 4 09 5.36 6 83 8 85 10.80 12.18 6.69 11.83 11.83 12.94 13.62 15 62 17.91 20.26 8 64 15.76 15.92 18.30 20.45 24.47 28.74 32.44 7.03 12.92 1308 15.19 17.18 20.72 24.43 27.58 5.90 10.91 11.07 12.99 14.87 18.07 21.38 24.13 4.76 8 90 9.06 10.79 12.55 15.41 18 33 20.69 6.37 11.74 11.90 1390 15 82 19.16 22.64 25.55 5.09 9.49 9.65 11.44 13.23 16 19 19 23 21.70 6.30 11.62 11.78 13.77 15.68 19.00 22.46 25.35 PVC, SOLID CORE, SCII 40, IN BUILDING W/ITGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRILTARY ITRli STOPPING: 15.4111 Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 3/4" SS077-02.rja 0.90 6.65 7.55 5.95 4.82 3.69 5.29 4.03 5 22 CTL027080 APPENDIX D.3 WOOD-FRAME TOWNHOUSE SS0T7-02.rja CTL027081 15.4132 15.4133 15.4134 15.4135 15.4136 15 4137 15.4138 l'i|>c, PVC, Sch 40, 1 1/2" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 2" Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 2 1/2-3* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 4* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 5" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40. 6* Pipe, PVC.', Sch 40, 8* PVC. Clil.LUl.AK. COUli, SCII 40, IN BUILDING W/ITGS, SUPPORTS AND GliNlilUC HlUi STOPPING WlliiN POSSIBLE 1.21 1.57 2.98 3.62 4.31 6.53 11.05 7.16 7.83 10.42 9.28 9.49 10.06 12.45 8.67 9.40 13.40 12.90 13.80 16 59 23 50 6.88 7.52 10.90 10.67 11 52 14.18 20.51 5.61 6.19 9.13 9.10 9.91 12.47 18 40 4.3*1 4.86 7.36 7.52 8.30 10.76 16 28 6.13 6.74 9.86 9.74 10 57 13.17 19 27 4.72 5.25 7.88 7.98 8.77 11.26 16.90 15.4141 15.4142 15.4143 15.4144 15.4145 15.4116 15.4147 15.4148 Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 3/4* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40. 1 1/2" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 2* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 2 1/2-3* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 4* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 5* Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 6* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 8* 0.78 1.16 1.48 2.85 3.45 4 09 6.20 10.50 6.47 7.46 7.83 10.42 9.28 9,49 10.06 12.45 7.25 8.62 9.31 1.3.22 12.73 13.58 16.26 22.95 5.70 6.83 7.43 10.77 10.50 11.30 13 85 19.96 4 60 5.56 6.10 9.00 8 93 9.69 12.14 17.85 3.50 4 29 4.77 7.23 7.35 8.08 10.43 15.73 5.05 6.08 6.65 9.73 9.57 10 35 12.84 18.72 MANUP'AClURliR/SUlTLlliR WOULD NOT RliVliAL PlUCIiS lOR l'OAM CORIi PVC-DWV WITHOUT AN OKU lilt. NUMUliltS UASliD ON liSTIMATli. 3.82 4.67 5.16 7.75 781 8 55 10.93 16.35 606 6 66 9.75 9.65 10.48 13 07 19 14 4.99 601 6.57 9.61 9.48 10 26 12.74 18.59 SS077-02.rja CTL027082 D19 15.4112 15.4113 15.4114 15.4115 15.4116 15.4117 15.4118 Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 1 1/2" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 2" Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 2 1/2 - 3" Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 4* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 5" Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 6* Pipe, PVC, Sch 40. 8" PVC, CIILLU1J\R COlUi, SOI 40. IN I1U1LDING W/l'TGS, SUITOR'IS AND PROPRILTARY MRU STOPPING: 15.4121 15.4122 15.4123 15.4124 15.4125 15.4126 15.4127 15.4128 Pijic, PVC, Sch 40, 3/4" Pipe, PVC, Sell 40. 1 1/2' Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 2" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 2 1/2-3' Pipe, PVC, Sell 40, 4" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 5" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 6" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 8' PVC, SOLID CORH, SC1I. 40 IN 11UILDING W/l'TGS, SUPPORT, AND GUNl'RIC MIU1 STOPPING WIIUN POSSIULli 15.4131 Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 3/4* 8SO77-02 rja 1.26 1.63 2.08 3.62 4.31 6 53 11.05 7.84 8 23 10.42 9.28 9.49 10.06 12.45 0 80 1.20 154 2 85 3.45 4.09 6.20 10.54 6 65 7.84 8.23 10 42 9.28 9.49 10 06 12.45 0.81 6.47 9.10 9 86 13.40 12.90 1.3.80 16.59 23.50 7.22 7.88 10.90 10 67 11.52 14.18 20.51 5.89 6 49 9.13 9.10 9.91 12.47 18.40 4.55 5.09 7.36 7.52 8.30 10.76 16.28 6.43 7 06 9 86 9.74 10.57 1.3.17 19.27 4.94 5.50 7.88 7.98 8.77 11.26 16.90 6.36 6 98 9.75 9.65 10.48 1.7 07 19.14 7.45 9.04 9.77 13.27 12.73 13.58 16.26 22.99 5 85 7.16 7.79 10.77 10.50 11.30 13.85 20.IX) 4 72 5.83 6.40 9.00 8.93 9.69 12 14 17.89 359 4.49 500 7.23 7.35 8.08 10.43 15.77 5.19 6.37 697 9.73 9.57 10.35 12.84 18.76 3.93 4.88 541 7.75 781 8.55 10.93 16.39 5.12 630 6.89 9.62 9.48 10 26 12 74 18.63 7.28 5.73 4.63 3.53 5.08 3.85 5.02 CTL027083 15.4165 15.4166 15.4167 15.4168 Pipe, Cl'VC, 1 1/2" CI'VC, 2" ripe, erve, 21/2" Pipe, erve, 3* 15.4171 15.4172 15.4173 15.4174 15.4175 15.4176 15.4177 15 4178 erve, w/i'TGS, supports, GliNl'RIC llRl! STOriMNG WllliN POSSUM.H: ripe, erve, 1/2" ripe, erve, 3/4' r>i>c, erve, r ripe, erve, l \/v ripe, erve, 11/2" ripe, erve, v ripe, erve, 21/2* ripe, erve, 3" 2.4y 3.18 5.07 5.77 5.34 5.70 6.71 8 82 7 83 7.08 11.78 14.77 6.55 7.66 10 32 12 67 5.64 6 66 7.15 11.17 4.73 6.01 5.00 5.66 7.07 5.75 7.77 7.63 8.32 7.67 11.77 10.12 5.76 7 02 7.56 11.70 1.17 1.51 1.81 2 61 2.47 3.18 5.07 5.77 6.10 6 45 564 5.71 5.3-1 5.70 6.71 8 82 7 27 7.76 7.45 8.52 7.83 7.08 11.78 14.77 5 83 6.41 6.10 7.10 6 55 7.66 10.32 12.67 4.77 5.32 5.14 6.10 5.64 6.66 7.15 II 17 3.75 5.22 4 22 5.77 4.18 5.53 5.07 6.51 4.73 601 5.66 7.07 7.77 7.63 7 67 11.77 406 4.54 4.46 5.37 500 5.75 8.32 10.12 5.16 5.70 5 48 6 45 5.76 7.02 756 11.70 tm077-02.rjti CTL027084 D21 D.3.2 Wood-frame Townhouse ln-Placc Costs - DIICW - Raw Data - 1991 CSl secnoN NO. DliSCRJITlON com ill "M", W/ITGS & SUITORTS: 154151 l'ipc, Copper "M", 1/2" 15.4152 Pipe, Copper "M", 3/4" 15.4153 l'i|)c, Copper "M", 1" 15.4154 l'i(>c. Copper "M", 1 1/4" 15.4155 l'ipc, Copper "M", 1 1/2" 15.4156 I'ipc, Copper "M", 2" 15.4157 15.4158 1'ipc, Copper "M", 2 1/2" I'ipc, Copper "M", 3" MATERIAL eosT LADOK COST SAN FRANCISCO liOSTON CUiVl.ll.ANi:> HOUSTON SliATH.li ATLANTA UNIT COST AVIiRACili 1.33 1.95 2.74 3 80 4.48 6.37 9.14 11.91 5 50 6 69 7.94 8.15 9.12 11.00 12.50 14.00 6 83 8.64 10.68 11.95 13.60 17.37 21.61 25.91 5.51 7.03 8.77 9.99 11.41 14.73 18 64 22 55 4.58 5.90 7.42 8.61 9.86 12.86 16.52 20.17 .3.64 4 76 6 07 7.22 8.31 10.99 14.39 17.79 4.96 6.37 7.98 9.18 10.50 13 63 17.39 21.15 3 92 5 09 647 7.63 8.77 11.54 15.02 18.49 4.91 630 7.90 9.10 10.41 13-52 17.27 21.01 erve, w/itgs, suitorts and riioriuiriARY Mini STorriNG: 15.4161 15.4162 15.4163 15.4164 ri|>c, erve, i/2" ripe, erve, 3/4" ripe, erve, 1* ripe, erve, i i/4" 1.33 1.51 1.81 2.69 7.30 6.45 5.64 6.51 8.63 7.96 7.45 9.20 6.88 6.41 6.10 7.61 5.64 5.32 5.14 6.53 4.40 4.22 4.18 5.42 6.15 5.77 5.53 6.99 4 76 4.54 4.46 5.75 6.08 5.70 5.48 6.92 SS077-02.ija CTL027085 D20 ^APPENDIX D.4 STRIP SHOPPING CENTER W77-02.rja CTL027086 D23 CSI snenoN NO. D.3.3 Wood-frainc Townhouse In-Place Costs - Electrical - Raw Data - 1991 DUSCRII'llON MATERIAL COST IAHOR COST SAN FRANCISCO HOSTON CUiVHIANO HOUSTON SliATl'l.li ATLANTA UNIT COST AVLRAOli 16000 HI.l'.CTRICAI. 16050.10 Conduil/Wirc Assy - Lighting Circuils 16050.11 16050.15 16050 12 16050.16 3/4* liNT Conduit with CU Wire I" HNT Conduit with CU Wire 3/4* liMT Conduit with CU Wire 1* 1 iM 1' C'omltnl with CU Wire 16050.10 Omduit/Wirc Assy - Outlet Circuits 16050.13 16050.17 16050.14 16050.18 3/4* HNT Conduit with CU Wire 1* IiNI' Conduit with CU Wire 3/4* liMT Conduit with CU Wire 1* liMT Conduit with CU Wire 181 1.77 2.22 2 54 1.37 1.52 2 47 2.63 3.20 3.51 4.71 5.17 3.11 3.42 4 58 5.03 1.42 1.37 I 60 1.52 1.77 2.47 1.87 2.63 2.81 3.12 4.26 4.52 2.72 3.03 4.13 4.38 2.77 3.03 3.77 4.35 2.50 2.75 3.52 3.88 2.72 2.79 3.85 4.26 2.57 284 3.67 4.06 2.82 3.07 4.05 4.46 2 37 2.65 3.52 3.70 2.13 2.38 3.07 3.23 2.3.3 2.60 3.40 3.61 2.21 2 46 3.22 3.41 2.43 2.71 3 60 381 8SQ77-02.rja CTL027087 D22 I've:, ci-.llui.ar com; sen to, in BUILDING W/ITGS, SUI'I'ORIS AND I'ROl'RILTARY I-IR12 STOH'ING: 15.4121 15.4122 15.4123 15.4124 1`ipc, I'VC, Sch 40, 3/4' I'ipc, l*VC, Sell 40, 1 1/2" I*ipc, l*VC, Sell 40, 2' l*ipc, rvc, Sell 40, 6' rvc, SOLID CORIi, sen. 40 IN I1UII.DING W/I-TGS, SU1TORT, AND GllNl-lUC MRL! STOI'l'lNG WllliN rOSSlDl.II: 15.4131 15.4132 15.4133 15.4134 ripe, rvc, Seh 40, 3/4' ripe, rvc, sch 40, i 1/2* 1'ipc, rvc, Sell 40, 2" l*ipc, I'VC, Sell 40, 6" 0.75 6 26 1.12 7.07 1 31 6.70 6.20 10 06 0.74 6.22 1.10 7.03 1.41 6.70 6.53 10.06 7.01 8.10 8.01 16 26 5.51 6.49 6.40 13.85 6.96 8.13 8.11 16.59 5.47 6.44 6.50 14.18 4.44 5.29 5.26 12.14 3 38 4 09 4.12 10.43 4.41 5.25 5.36 12.47 3.35 4.05 4 22 10.76 rvc, ci-li.ui.ar com; sen 40, in BUILDING W/R1GS, SU1TOR1S AND GliNlilUC HRIiSTOITING WilliN rossuiLii 15 4141 15.4142 15.4143 15.4144 1'ipc, rvc, Seh 40, 3/4' ripe, rvc, sch 40,11/2" ripe, rvc, Sch 40, 2` ripe, rvc; sch 40, rr 0.70 6.22 1.05 7.03 1.31 6.70 6.20 10.06 6.92 8.08 8.01 16.26 5.43 6.39 6.40 13.85 4.37 5.20 5.26 12.14 3.31 4.00 4.12 1043 MANUI-'ACl'URIiR/SUrriJUR WOULD NOT RliVIiAL l'RICl^i WITHOUT AN ORDliK. NUMllliRS BASliD ON liSTIMATli. SS077-02 ij" CTL027088 4 88 5.79 5.73 12.84 3.69 4.44 4.46 10 93 V* 4.85 5.74 5.83 13.17 3.66 4 40 4.56 11.26 4.81 5.69 5.73 12 84 3.62 4.35 4.46 10 93 4.82 S.72 5 67 12.74 4.78 5.67 5 77 13.07 4.74 5.62 5.67 12 74 D25 D.4.1 Strip Sliopping Center In-Place Costs - DWV - Raw Data - 1991 CSI secnoN NO. description 15.4000 15.4100 PI.UMI11NG ri.UMDING IMI'ING MATERIAL COST LAllOR COST SAN I'RANCISCO 1IOSTON CL.liVIiI.AND HOUSTON SliAlTLIi ATI.ANTA UNIT COST AVIiRAGH 15.4101 15.4102 15.4103 15.410-1 C.1.1*., soil. NO IIUI1 MliCII, JOINT: Copper *M" Pipe 3/4" C.1.1*., Soil, 1 1/2* No Hull C.1.1'., Soil, 2" No Hub C.1.1'., Soil, 6" No Hub 1.V5 3.03 4.00 10.80 6.60 11.83 11.83 17.04 8.61 15.76 15.01 28.74 7.03 12.02 13.08 24.4.3 5.'JO 10.01 11.07 21.38 4.76 8.00 0.06 18.33 6 37 11.74 11.00 22.61 5.00 0.40 0.65 10.23 6 30 11.62 11.78 22.46 1*VC, SOLID CORE, SCI1 40, IN 11UII.DING W/l'TGS, SUITOR S AND I'ROI'RIliTARY HRIi STOI'l'ING: 15.4111 15.4112 15.4113 15.4114 Pipe, I'VC, Sch 40, 3/4" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 1 1/2" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 2" Pipe, PVC, Sch 40, 6" 1.01 1.18 1.41 6.53 6.26 7.07 6.70 10.06 7.30 8.25 8.11 16.50 5.80 6.55 650 14.18 4.73 5.35 5.36 12.47 3.67 4.15 4 22 10.76 5.17 5.85 5 83 13.17 3.08 4.50 4.56 11.26 5.11 5.78 5 77 13.07 SM)77 U7>J,I CTL,02"? 089 D24 D.4.3 Strip Shopping Center In-Place Costs - Electrical - Raw Data - 1991 CSI SUCTION NO. description MATERIAL COST I^AllOR COST SAN l'RANClSCO DOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEA'I'l'LE ATLANTA UNIT COST AVERAGE 16000 ELECTRICAL 16050.10 Conduil/Wirc Assy - Lighting Circuits 16050.11 16050.15 16050.12 16050.16 3/4" IINT Conduit with CU Wire 1" ENT Conduit with CU Wire 3/4* EMT Conduit with CU Wire 1" EMT Conduit with CU Wire 1.81 1.39 1.79 1.52 2.22 2 49 2.54 2.63 3.20 3.51 4.71 5.17 3.11 3.42 4.58 5.03 2.77 3.03 3 97 4.35 2.50 2.75 3.52 388 2.72 2.99 3.85 4.26 2.59 2.84 3 67 4.06 2 82 3.09 4 05 4 46 16050.10 Conduit/Wirc Assy - Outlet Circuits 16050.13 16050.17 16050.14 16050.18 3/4* liNT Conduit with CU Wire 1* ENT Conduit with CU Wire 3/4" EMT Conduit with CU Wire 1" EMT Conduit with CU Wire 1.42 1.39 1.60 1.52 1.77 2.49 1.89 2.63 2.81 3.12 4.26 4.52 2.72 3.03 4.13 4.38 2.39 2.65 3.52 3.70 2 13 2.38 3.07 3.23 2.33 2.60 3.40 3.61 2.21 2.46 3.22 3.41 2.43 2.71 3.60 3.81 SS077-02.rja CTL027090 D27 D.4.2 Strip Shopping Center In-Place Costs - DIICW - Raw Data - 1991 CSI suction NO. DUSCRIPIION 15.4151 15.4152 15.4153 15.4154 COI'PUR 'I.*, W/PTGS & SUPPORTS: Pipe, Copper *1.*, 1/2* l*ipc. Copper "I.*, 3/4* l'ipc, Copper "1.*, 1' I'il*, Copper *1.*, 2* MATURIAL COST 17V UO R COST SAN P'RANCISCO BOSTON Cl.UVlil.AND HOUSTON SUA1TLU ATLANTA UNIT COST AVURAGU 1.62 2.40 3.36 7.77 5.50 6 69 7.9-1 11.00 7.12 9.09 11.30 18.77 5.80 7.-18 9.39 16.13 4.87 6.35 8 01 14 26 3.93 5.21 6.69 12 39 5.25 6 82 8.60 15.03 4.21 5.54 7 09 12.94 5 20 6 75 8 52 14 92 CI'VC, W/ITGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRJlii'ARY IIRLi STOPPING: 154161 15.4162 15.4163 15.4164 Pij>c, Cl'VC, 1/2* Pipe, CPVC, 3/4* Pipe, CPVC, 1* Pipe, CPVC, 2* 1.26 1.50 1.7V 3 22 6 60 6.21 5.92 5.97 7.86 7.71 7.71 9.19 6.28 6.22 6.29 7.76 5.15 5 16 5.28 6.74 4.0.3 4.11 4.28 5.73 5 62 5.60 5.70 7.16 4 36 4 42 4.57 6.03 5 55 5 54 5.61 7 10 CPVC, W/PTGS, SUPPORTS, GHNURIC I-IRU STOPPING WllliN POSSlULIi: 15.4171 15.4172 15.4173 15.4174 Pi|>c, CPVC, 1/2* Pipe, CPVC, 3/4* Pipe, CPVC, 1* Pi|>c, CPVC, 2' 8H07702.i)ii 1.16 1.44 1.79 3.18 6 69 6.19 5.92 5.93 7.85 7.63 7.71 9.11 6 2-1 5.11 6.14 5.09 6 29 5.28 7.69 6.68 CTl027q9i 3.97 4.01 4.28 5.67 5.58 5.53 5.70 7.09 4.30 4.35 4.57 5.97 5.51 5.46 5.61 7.03 026 A COST/BENEFIT STUDY: In-Place Costs and Technical and Regulatory Constraints To Use of PVC Based Pipe, Tube and Conduit In Construction A Report To: The Vinvl Institute 155 Route 46 West Wayne, NJ 07470 Attn: Mr. A1 Reventas Dr. Roy Gottesman By: EFT Technical Services, Inc. 2322 Sixth St., Suite 107 Berkeley, CA 94710 Attn: Joseph B. Zicherman, Ph.D. June 1991 Reference: IFT 88-077 CTL027092 Table of Contents List of Tables.........................................................................................................................iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 2 2.0 METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Materials and Installation Estimating....................................................................3 2.2 Item Pricing ..............................................................................................................3 2.3 PVC Cost/Benefit Ratios ...................................................................................... 4 2.4 Code Analysis............................................................................................................4 2.5 Technical Analysis.....................................................................................................4 3.0 COST ESTIMATE ANALYSIS RESULTS..................................................................5 3.1 Non-Combustible, Highrise Residential Case...................................................... 5 3.2 Non-Combustible, Highrise Business/Commercial Case ............................... 12 3.3 Wood-Frame Townhouse Case ........................................................................ 19 3.4 Strip Shopping Center Case............................................................................... 26 3.5 Assemblies Analyzed........................................................................................... 33 4.0 CODE APPROVALS.................................................................................................. 35 4.1 Building Codes ..................................................................................................... 35 4.2 Plumbing Codes .................................................................................................. 35 4.3 Electrical Codes .................................................................................................. 36 4.4 Major Cities ......................................................................................................... 36 5.0 TECHNICAL CONSTRAINTS.................................................................................. 37 5.1 Plumbing Walls..................................................................................................... 37 5.2 Electrical In Walls................................................................................................ 38 5.3 Floor/Ceiling Assemblies .................................................................................. 38 6.0 ECONOMIC COST/BENEFIT SUMMARY........................................................... 39 7.0 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................. 41 88077-OZrja CTL027093 l APPENDIX A MATERIALS NOTES ............................................................................................... A1 APPENDIX B ELECTRICAL NOTES ............................................................................................. B1 APPENDIX C 3M FIRE BARRIER NOTES..................................................................................Cl APPENDIX D RAW COST DATA FOR PROJECT ESTIMATES .............................................D1 APPENDIX D.l HIGHRISE RESIDENTIAL.............................................................................D2 APPENDIX D.2 HIGHRISE BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL...................................................... D9 APPENDIX D.3 WOOD-FRAME TOWNHOUSE................................................................. D16 APPENDIX D.4 STRIP SHOPPING CENTER........................................................................ D23 8S077-01rja CTL027094 a List of Tables 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 Highrise Residential In-Place DWV Costs Highrise Residential Ratio of In-Place Costs PVC/Cast Iron DWV Highrise Residential In-Place DHCW Costs Highrise Residential Ratio of In-Place Costs CPVC/Copper DHCW Highrise Residential In-Place Electrical Costs Highrise Residential Ratio of In-Place Costs ENT/EMT 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 Highrise Commercial In-Place DWV Costs Highrise Commercial Ratio of In-Place Costs PVC/Cast Iron DWV Highrise Commercial In-Place DHCW Costs Highrise Commercial Ratio of In-Place Costs CPVC/Copper DHCW Highrise Commercial In-Place Electrical Costs Highrise Commercial Ratio of In-Place Costs ENT/EMT 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 Wood-Frame Townhouse In-Place DWV Costs Wood-Frame Townhouse Ratio of In-Place Costs PVC/Cast Iron DWV Wood-Frame Townhouse In-Place DHCW Costs Wood-Frame Townhouse Ratio of In-Place Costs CPVC/Copper DHCW 83077-02.rja CTL027095 3.3.5 3.3.6 Wood-Frame Townhouse In-Place Electrical Costs Wood-Frame Townhouse Ratio of In-Place Costs ENT/EMT 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 Strip Shopping Center In-Place DWV Costs Strip Shopping Center Ratio of In-Place Costs PVC/Cast Iron DWV Strip Shopping Center In-Place DHCW Costs Strip Shopping Center Ratio of In-Place Costs CPVC/Copper DHCW Strip Shopping Center In-Place Electrical Costs Strip Shopping Center Ratio of In-Place Costs ENT/EMT Cost/Benefit Summary Table S8077-02.rja CTL027096 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It has long been assumed that PVC-based (polyvinyl chloride) plumbing pipe, tube, and conduit products offer cost savings in construction as compared to their metal counterparts. In this study, this assumption has been tested by developing comparative cost data for these two competing classes of products. Specifically, the following competitive cost estimates were prepared: Cast iron versus PVC drain, waste and vent (DWV) pipe Copper tubing versus CPVC for domestic hot and cold water (DHCW) Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) versus electrical non-metallic tubing (ENT) products used as raceways for lighting and local electrical circuits Four different building types ranging from highrise, non-combustible construction through lowrise, fire-rated wood frame were used for costs analyses. The specific buildings upon which the estimates are based have actually been constructed; they are not hypothetical. Estimates were prepared by a nationally recognized cost estimating firm and are organized according to CSI (Construction Specifications Institute) format. Results are based on current survey data of supplier and installer costs and rates in six cities across the USA to determine geographical influences on comparative costs of the competing materials. A survey was also conducted to determine technical and regulatory constraints regarding usage of PVC-based products. This survey addressed technical justification for product use based on adequate fire performance data. Finally, building codes were examined to determine if product was use acceptable based on model code provisions. In terms of regulatory bars, few exist to unlimited use of most of the PVC products included in this study.1 In terms of technical bars, there has been extensive fire testing of the PVC products considered here. However, additional fire test data for one-hour applications of ENT products in walls would be of value in assuring increasing product acceptance. Likewise, although theoretical justifications can be developed obviating their need, additional fire test data for PVC piping installed in fire rated floor/ceiling assemblies and walls less than 6" thick could be required by local code officials before sanctioning use in their jurisdictions. Finally, results showed the PVC-based products to be between 20 and 30 + % less as installed, even when costs of firestop detailing to insure maintenance of fire resistive integrity with their use are included. ^he West Coast IAPMO-based Uniform Plumbing Code is a glaring exception to this. 8S077.02.rja CTL027097 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION PVC-based (polyvinyl chloride) construction products are becoming increasingly available as replacements for conventional products. Typically, they provide both direct advantages in performance and cost/benefit advantages to the construction industry. With this in mind, preparation of an in-depth assessment of the cost effectiveness of PVC based products versus their conventional, metal counterparts for pipe, tube, and conduit were the subject of this study. Specific study objectives were: to compare direct, in-place costs of these products with competing metal products, to consider technical ramifications related to fire safety associated with such replacement, to evaluate current fire-related, regulatory (i.e., model code) barriers to use of these products. Specific data developed include: Direct Cost Comparisons For In-place: PVC drain, waste, and vent (DWV) piping versus cast iron soil pipe. CPVC (chlorinated PVC) as a replacement for copper hot and cold water (DHCW) supply piping.2 PVC-ENT (electrical non-metallic tubing) as a replacement for EMT (electrical metallic tubing). Assessment of existing model building regulations affecting use of PVC products. Discussion of technical barriers to use of the PVC products. Technical barriers were identified by evaluations of testing and research records and literature related to fire performance of the products under study. 2Attempts were also made to develop data on CPVC based Ore sprinkler systems. Due to the lack of Held data on the use of these products, as well as the nature of the cost estimating process, the estimating approaches available did not appear of sufficient reliability to be included after an in-depth analysis was conducted. SS0T7-02.rja CTL027098 9 2.0 METHODOLOGY Study results were obtained by utilizing actual plans, specifications, and materials take offs for buildings of differing construction types, all of which have actually been completed. Results are not based on hypothetical structures. For a specific description of the cost estimating process used, see Appendix A. 2.1 Materials and Installation Estimating Types of materials required for construction of the original buildings were modified to take into account installation-detailing unique to use of PVC products. In order to do this, IFT personnel identified installation detailing for PVC products which differed from conventional products. The estimators then modified conventional detailing as needed for safe use of the PVC products. Thus, additional detailing costs have been factored into estimates for each PVC product cost estimate. PVC based products were estimated with specific firestop-detailing for both DWV and DHCW as is consistent with their safe use in the field. The cast iron DWV and copper DHCW on the other hand were estimated with no application of firestopping beyond grout which may be routinely applied with wallboard installation. While this may seem a conservative estimating method for the study, it reflects current estimating practice. More importantly, it expresses true economic comparisons for current construction practices used. Material take-offs were prepared in Spring, 1991 and reflect pricing of materials and labor at that time. The analysis took into account geographic variability in both raw materials and installation pricing for a total of six cities. Bases for pricing of products were obtained from sources in the field and are listed in Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) format. Analyses were conducted by a major nationwide cost estimating firm for IFT TECHNICAL SERVICES. 2.2 Item Pricing Specific items of interest related to pipe pricing, firestopping costs, and basis for foam core PVC pricing can be found in Appendix A. Appendix B includes comments on electrical product pricing bases used. 83077-02.rja CTL027099 Appendix C includes pricing bases for use of 3M FIRE BARRIER cost estimates. This product was determined to be the more cost effective when compared to other products considered. USG THERMAFIBER was the "generic" thermal insulation used for price quotes. Common fiberglass types could be used in certain applications. This would result in further net savings for specific jobs. 23 PVC Cost/Benefit Ratios In addition to cost estimates for each project expressed in dollars-per-unit for the products studied (i.e., cost/foot including labor, detailing, accessories, etc.) ratios have been developed which express direct comparisons between competing classes of products as installed. These ratios are reflective of relative costs of installed metal versus PVC systems regardless of whether union or non-union installation is considered, since the ratio of productivity between these installer classes should remain constant. They also reflect the substantial differences in construction costs in different areas of the U.S. 2.4 Code Analysis An analysis has been prepared as part of the study (Section 3) of applicable model codes provisions which regulate use of PVC products. The examples developed do not represent every possible installation situation, but do cover a broad group of installation possibilities. The analysis includes references to prescriptive code provisions which bar use of particular products where technical feasibility for their use exists. Thus, code changes will have to be effected before such technically feasible uses of PVC products are permitted in jurisdictions covered by the codes in question. Examples include removal of the three story restriction found in the 1991 Uniform Plumbing Code and development of acceptable code language to permit use of PVC-based pipe in appropriate plenum spaces. The latter is especially true for plenums in buildings constructed with combustible materials. 2.5 Technical Analysis Bars to PVC product use from a technical standpoint are identified in Section 4. Such bars exist because particular types of construction assemblies identified have not been demonstrated to show necessary fire endurance. S8077-02.rja CTL027100 4 3.0 COST ESTIMATE ANALYSIS RESULTS 3.1 Non-Combustible, Highrise Residential Case In this case a Type-1 non-combustible highrise project has been analyzed. The building analyzed was a 30+ story, high quality (non-"spec" and non-fast-track) residential project. Plastic products for which analyses were conducted include: replacement of cast-iron DWV piping with PVC-DWV, DHCW supply piping replacement with CPVC supply piping, EMT for electrical power distribution and signaling replacement by PVC electrical non-metallic tubing (ENT) where appropriate. The tables which follow summarize comparative in-place costs for plumbing pipe (DWV and DHCW) and electrical systems estimated. Because this is a residential project, substantially more pipe is used than in the commercial highrise (Case 3.2). Consequently, more plumbing thru-penetrations occur as well, which impacts unit cost (cost per foot). The tables also include ratios of the two competing products classes showing the fractional in-place cost for PVC replacement of metallic materials. Appendix D.l contains the raw data from which the following tables were derived. The reader may want to evaluate the appendices to discern trends in in-place costs versus pipe size, etc. CTL027101 Ilighrisc Residential In-Place DWV Costs Legend 1 - Cast Iron 2 - PVC, Solid Core, Proprietary Fire 3 - PVC, Cellular Core, Proprietary Fire 4 - PVC, Solid Core, Generic Fire 5 - PVC, Cellular Core, Generic Fire Table 3.1.1 Highrise Residential In-Place DWV Costs (in Dollars) -1991 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE ATLANTA PROJECT COST AVERAGE 15.4100 15.4110 15.4120 15.4130 15.4140 CAST IRON PIPE HUBLESS MECH, JOINT PVC. SOLID CORE SCH 40. IN BUILDING, W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING PVC. CELLULAR CORE, SCH. 40 IN BUILDING W/FTGS, SUPPORTS, AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING PVC. SOLID CORE, SCH 40. IN BUILDING W/FTGS. SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE PVC, CELLULAR CORE, SCH 40. IN BUILDING W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE 462,102 276,129 271,851 275,815 271,370 383,109 229,150 224,873 * 228.852 224,471 * Manulacturer/Supplier would not reveal prices without an order. Numbers based on estimate. 332.556 195,874 191,597 195,587 191,252 282,003 162,598 353,372 209,576 296,871 172,385 158,321 205,299 168,108 162,322 209,284 172,105 158,032 204,930 167,802 351,669 207,619 203,342 207,328 202,976 CTL027102 3.1.2 Highrise Residential Ratio of In-Piace Costs PVC/Cast Iron DWV-1991 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON 15.4110/15.4100 PVC SOLID CORE DWV, PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON 15.4120/15.4100 PVC CELLULAR CORE DWV, PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON 15.4130/15.4100 PVC SOLID CORE DWV, GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON 15.4140/15.4100 PVC CELLULAR CORE DWV, GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON 0.5975 0.5883 0.5969 0.5873 0.5981 0.5870 * 0.5974 0.5859 * 0.5890 0.5761 0.5881 0.5751 0.5766 0.5614 0.5756 0.5604 SEATTLE 0.5931 ATLANTA 0.5807 0.5810 0.5663 0.5922 0.5797 0.5799 0.5652 PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.5892 0.5767 0.5883 0.5756 * Manufacturor/supplier would not reveal prices without an order. Numbers based on estimate. CTL027103 Ilighrise Residential In-Place DIICW Costs 250 Avg. Cosl Legend 1 - Copper 2 - CPVC, Proprietary Fire 3 -- CPVC, Generic Fire ----1 I ----1 " 2 Producl 3 3.1.3 Highrise Residential In-Place DHCW Costs (in Dollars) -1991 CSI SECTION NO. 15.4150 15.4160 DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON COPPER PIPE "L" IN BUILDING, W/FTGS & SUPPORTS CPVC, SUPPLY PIPE W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING 278,694 172,853 236,264 143,513 CLEVELAND HOUSTON 206,210 176,156 122,730 101,947 15.4170 CPVC. SUPPLY PIPE W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE 177,536 146,451 124,432 102,413 SEATTLE 218,585 ATLANTA 184,995 131,288 108,060 133,499 108,889 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 216,817 130,065 132,203 CTL027104 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION 3.1.4 Highrise Residential Ratio of In-Place Costs CPVC/Copper DHCW -1991 SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE ATLANTA PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 15.4160/15.4150 CPVC - DHCW - PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/COPPER TYPE "M" 15.4170/15.4150 CPVC - DHCW - GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/COPPER TYPE *M" 0.6202 0.6370 0.6074 0.6199 0.5952 0.6034 0.5787 0.5814 0.6006 0.6107 0.5841 0.5886 0.5977 0.6068 CTL021105 Ilighrise Residential Ill-Place Electrical Costs Legend 1 - ENT Concealed - Lighting 2 -- EMT Concealed - Lighting 3 -- ENT Concealed - Outlets 4 - EMT Concealed - Outlets Product 3.1.5 Highrise Residential In-Place Electrical Costs (in Dollars) -1991 CSI SECTION NO. 16.0510 16.0511 16.0510 16.0512 16.0510 16.0513 16.0510 16.0514 DESCRIPTION ENT Concealed-Lighting ENT with #12 CU Wire EMT Concealed-Lighting EMT with #12 CU Wire ENT Concealed-Outlets ENT with #12 CU Wire EMT Concealed-Outlets EMT with #12 CU Wire SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE ATLANTA 90,784 133,622 252,394 302,633 88,230 129,934 244,310 370,956 78,384 112,628 214,669 316,166 70,925 99,862 191,316 275.747 77,166 109,224 209,280 305,388 73,478 104,117 198,502 289,220 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 79,828 114,898 218,412 323,352 CTL0271Q6 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION 16.0510 ENT/EMT Concealed-Lighting 16.0511/16.0512 with #12 CU Wire 16.0510 ENT/EMT Concealed-Outlets 16.0513/16.0514 with #12 CU Wire 3.1.6 Highrise Residential Ratio of In-Place Costs ENT/E MT -1991 SAN FRANCISCO DOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE ATLANTA PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.6794 0.6596 0.6790 0.6586 0.6960 0.6790 0.7102 0.6938 0.7065 0.6853 0.7057 0.6863 0.6961 0.6771 CTL027107 .2 Highrise (Non-Combustible) Business/Commercial Case This case study is for a highrise, non-combustible sprinklered building, including upperstory office occupancies and lower-story commercial spaces. Because of the typical highrise core design used, distribution of utilities is, in general, restricted to the central building area. Replacement estimates have been prepared for PVC-DWV (replacing cast-iron) and CPVC hot and cold water supply piping (replacing copper). Electrical conduit (EMT) is replaced by ENT and RNMC (rigid non-metallic conduit) as appropriate. The tables and Appendix D.2 are arranged as per the preceding Section 3.1 . CTL027108 llighrise Commercial In-Place DWV Costs 80 Legend 1 -- Cast Iron 2 -- PVC, Solid Core, Proprietary Fire 3 -- PVC, Cellular Core, Proprietary Fire 4 - PVC, Solid Core, Generic Fire 5 -- PVC, Cellular Core, Generic Fire Product 3.2.1 Highrise Commercial In-Place DWV Costs (in Dollars) - 1991 CSI SECTION NO. 15.4100 15.4110 15.4120 15.4130 15.4140 DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO CAST IRON PIPE HUBLESS MECH, JOINT PVC. SOLID CORE SCH 40. IN BUILDING W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING PVC. CELLULAR CORE. SCH. 40 IN BUILDING W/FTGS. SUPPORTS, AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING PVC. SOLID CORE, SCH 40, IN BUILDING W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE PVC, CELLULAR CORE, SCH 40, IN BUILDING W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE 103,337 74,010 70,370 70,401 69,459 BOSTON 06,763 62,030 50,393 50,467 57,524 CLEVELAND 75,023 53,554 49,909 50,013 49,070 HOUSTON 63,202 45,070 41,425 41,559 40,616 CTL027109 SEATTLE 79,057 57,047 ATLANTA 66,735 47,565 53,402 43,920 53,494 44,045 52,551 43,103 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 79,166 56,549 52.903 52,997 52,054 3.2.2 Highrise Commercial Ratio of In-Place Costs PVC/Cast Iron DWV -1991 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON 15.4110/15.4100 15.4120/15.4100 15.4130/15.4100 15.4140/15.4100 PVC SOLID CORE DWV. PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON PVC. CELLULAR CORE DWV. PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON PVC, SOLID CORE DWV. GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON PVC. CELLULAR CORE DWV. GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON 0.7163 0.6010 0.6013 0.6722 0.7150 0.6730 0.6739 0.6630 0.7130 0.6652 0.6666 0.6541 0.7122 0.6546 0.6567 0.6416 SEATTLE 0.7144 ATLANTA 0.7127 0.6667 0.6501 0.6699 0.6600 0.6501 0.6459 PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.7141 0.6660 0.6601 0.6550 CTL027110 Highrisc Commercial In-Place DlICW Costs Legend 1 - Copper 2 -- CPVC, Proprietary Fire 3 - CPVC, Generic Fire 3.2.3 Highrise Commercial In-Place DHCW Costs (in Dollars) -1991 CSI SECTION NO. 15.4150 15.4160 15.4170 DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO COPPER PIPE *L" IN BUILDING. W/FTGS & SUPPORTS CPVC, SUPPLY PIPE W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING CPVC, SUPPLY PIPE W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE 07,519 52,621 51,933 BOSTON 75,082 46,200 45,556 CLEVELAND HOUSTON 66,272 57,462 41,652 37,104 41,040 36,523 SEATTLE 69,900 ATLANTA 60,053 43,525 38,441 42,900 37,851 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 69,381 43,257 42,634 CTL027111 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION 15.4160/15.4150 15.4170/15.4150 CPVC - DHCW - PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/COPPER TYPE *M" CPVC - DHCW - GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/COPPER TYPE "M" 3.2.4 Highrise Commercial Ratio of In-Place Costs CPVC/Copper DHCW -1991 SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON 0.6013 0.6153 0.6285 0.6457 0.5934 0.6067 0.6193 0.6356 SEATTLE 0.6227 ATLANTA 0.6401 0.6137 0.6303 PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.6256 0.6165 CTL027112 Highrise Commercial In-Placc Electrical Costs ini Avg. Cosl VI oMO u `o-- a. Legend 1 - ENT Concealed - Lighting 2 - EMT Concealed - Lighting 3 - ENT Concealed - Outlets 4 - EMT Concealed - Outlets 3.2.5 Highrise Commercial In-Place Electrical Costs (in Dollars) -1991 CSI SECTION NO. 16.0510 16.0511 16.0510 16.0512 16.0510 16.0513 16.0510 16.0514 DESCRIPTION ENT Concealed-Lighling ENTwilh #12 CU Wire EMT Concealed-Lighting EMT with #12 CU Wire ENT Concealed-Outlets ENT with #12 CU Wire EMT Concealed-Outlets EMT with #12 CU Wire SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE ATLANTA 36,096 54,306 90,350 149,100 35,050 52,007 95,200 144,550 31,930 45,774 03,650 123,200 20,025 40,505 74,550 107,450 31,361 44,390 01,550 119,000 29,026 42,315 77,350 112,700 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 32,451 46,696 05,100 126,000 CTL027113 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION 16.0510 16.0511/16.0512 16.0510 16.0513/16.0514 ENT/EMT Concealed-Lighting with #12 CU Wire ENT/EMT Concealed-Outlets with #12 CU Wire 3.2.6 Highrise Commercial Ratio of In-Place Costs ENT/EMT -1991 SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE ATLANTA PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.6794 0.6596 0.6790 0.6506 0.6977 0.6790 0.7102 0.6938 0.7065 0.6853 0.7049 0.6863 0.6963 0.6771 CTL027114 3.3 Wood-Frame Townhouse Case This project is a residential townhouse development which also includes common areas and limited commercial spaces. Estimates were for typical residential units only. Specific replacement estimates were prepared for PVC in place of cast iron DWV piping and CPVC for copper DHCW. In this case, PVC-ENT was directly compared to EMT, although in many jurisdictions for a project of this type Romex non-metallic sheathed cable would be the economic material of choice. In the jurisdiction where the project was actually built, however, electrical wiring needed to be installed within a raceway. Thus, EMT was originally used. Summary results of the analyses follow and raw data can be found in Appendix D.3. SS077-01rja CTL027115 19 Wood-frame Townhouse In-Place DWV Costs BIS Avg. Cost Legend 1 - Cast Iron 2 - PVC, Solid Core, Proprietary Fire 3 - PVC, Cellular Core, Proprietary Fire 4 - PVC, Solid Core, Generic Fire 5 - PVC, Cellular Core, Generic Fire Producl 3.3.1 Wood-frame Townhouse In-Place DWV Costs (in Dollars) -1991 CSI SECTION NO. 15.4100 15.4110 15.4120 15.4130 15.4140 DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO CAST IRON PIPE HUBLESS. MECH JOINT (W/COPPER "M") 157,161 PVC, SOLID CORE, SCH 40. IN BUILDING, W/FTGS. SUPPORTS AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING 101,531 PVC, CELLULAR CORE. SCH 40, IN BUILDING W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING 100,517 PVC. SOLID CORE, SCH 40. IN BUILDING 98,349 W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND GENERIC PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE PVC, CELLULAR CORE. SCH 40, IN BUILDING W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE 97,411 BOSTON 129,659 01,656 00,641 79,120 78,247 CLEVELAND 110,178 67,577 66,563 65,500 64,627 HOUSTON 90,698 53,499 SEATTLE 118,200 73,374 52,485 72,360 51,879 71,108 51,007 70,235 CTL027116 ATLANTA 96,428 57,640 56,625 55,885 55,013 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 117,054 72,546 71,532 70,307 69,423 3.3.2 Wood-frame Townhouse Ratio of In-Place Costs PVC/Cast Iron DWV -1991 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON 15.4110/15.4100 15.4120/15.4100 15.4130/15.4100 15.4140/15.4100 PVC SOLID CORE DWV, PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON PVC. CELLULAR CORE DWV. PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON PVC, SOLID CORE DWV. GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON PVC. CELLULAR CORE DWV. GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON 0.6460 0.6396 0.6250 0.6190 0.6290 0.6219 0.6102 0.6035 0.6133 0.6041 0.5945 0.5066 0.5099 0.5707 0.5720 0.5624 SEATTLE 0.6200 ATLANTA 0.5970 0.6122 0.5672 0.6016 0.5796 0.5942 0.5705 PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.6163 0.6073 0.5973 0.5095 CTL027117 Wood-frame Townhouse In-Place DIICW Costs Legend 1 - Copper 2 -- CPVC, Proprietary Fire 3 -- CPVC, Generic Fire 3.3.3 Wood-frame Townhouse In-Place DHCW Costs (in Dollars) -1991 CSI SECTION NO. 15.4150 15.4160 15.4170 DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO COPPER PIPE "M" IN BUILDING. W/FTGS & SUPPORTS CPVC. SUPPLY PIPE W/FTGS. SUPPORTS AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING CPVC. SUPPLY PIPE W/FTGS. SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE 109,509 96,030 09,572 BOSTON 90,193 70,561 72,056 CLEVELAND 76,510 65,614 61,016 HOUSTON 62,020 52,660 49,175 SEATTLE 02,144 ATLANTA 66,052 70,945 56,476 65,091 52,658 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 81,339 70,184 65,195 CTL027118 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION 15.4160/15.4150 15.4170/15.4150 CPVC - DHCW - PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/COPPER TYPE "M" CPVC - DHCW - GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/COPPER TYPE 'M` 3.3.4 Wood-frame Townhouse Ratio of In-Place Costs CPVC/Copper DHCW -1991 SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON 0.8643 0.8710 0.8576 0.8383 0.8179 0.8179 0.7975 0.7827 SEATTLE ATLANTA 0.0637 0.8448 0.8021 0.7877 PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.8599 0.7993 CTL027119 Wood-frame Townhouse In-Place Electrical Costs Legend 1 - ENT Concealed - Lighting 2 - EMT Concealed - Lighting 3 - ENT Concealed - Outlets 4 - EMT Concealed - Outlets Producl 3.3.5 Wood-frame Townhouse In-Place Electrical Costs (in Dollars) -1991 CSI SECTION NO. 16.0510 16.0511 16.0510 16.0512 16.0510 16.0513 16.0510 16.0514 DESCRIPTION ENT Conoealed-Lighting ENT with #12 CU Wire EMT Concealed-Lighting EMT with #12 CU Wire ENT Concealed-Outlets ENT with #12 CU Wire EMT Concealed-Outlets EMT with #12 CU Wire SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE ATLANTA 43,456 63,961 20,650 31,609 42,233 62,196 20,162 30,644 37,616 53,912 17,733 26,118 33,950 47,601 15,804 22,779 36,937 52,283 17,288 25,228 35,172 49,838 16,398 23,892 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 38,227 54,999 18,043 26,712 CTL027120 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION 16.0510 16.0511/16.0512 16.0510 16.0513/16.0514 ENT/EMT Concealed-Lighting with #12 CU Wire ENT/EMT Conccalcd-Outlels with #12 CU Wire 3.3.6 Wood-frame Townhouse Ratio of In-Place Costs ENT/EIVTT -1991 SAN FRANCISCO BOS1 ON CLEVELAND HOUSTON SEATTLE ATLAN TA PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.6794 0.6596 0.6790 0.6566 0.6977 0.6790 0.7102 0.6938 0.7065 0.6853 0.7057 0.6863 0.6964 0.6771 CTL.027121 3.4 Strip Shopping Center Case Of the four projects analyzed, this case represents the lowest ratio of penetrations of fire-rated assemblies requiring firestop detailing to quantity of pipe, tube, or conduit. This is because the buildings are single-story and typically are separated by occupancy separation walls which are unpenetrated for utility distribution. Services enter each unit separately. In addition, the areas of the individual units are sufficiently small that they are undivided internally by fire resistive partitions. Summary results of the analyses follow. Raw data can be found in Appendix D.4. \077-02.rja CTL027122 26 Strip Shopping Center In-Place DWV Costs Legend 1 - Cast Iron 2 - PVC, Solid Core, Proprietary Fire 3 - PVC, Cellular Core, Proprietary Fire 4 - PVC, Solid Core, Generic Fire 5 - PVC, Cellular Core, Generic Fire 3.4.1 Strip Shopping Center In-Place DWV Costs (in Dollars) -1991 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON 15.4100 15.4110 15.4120 15.4130 15.4140 CAST IRON PIPE HUBLESS. MECFI JOINT PVC. SOLID CORE, SCH 40. IN BUILDING. W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING PVC. CELLULAR CORE. SCH 40, IN BUILDING W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING PVC, SOLID CORE, SCH 40, IN BUILDING W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE PVC, CELLULAR CORE, SCH 40, IN BUILDING W/FTGS. SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE 44,022 27,626 26,956 27,166 26,004 36.752 22,771 22,101 22,327 21,965 31,600 19,332 18,662 18,899 10,537 26,448 15,893 15,223 15,471 15,109 SEATTLE 33,721 20,748 ATLANTA 27,964 16,905 20,078 16,235 20,310 16,479 19,948 16,117 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 33,418 20,546 19,876 20,109 19,747 CTL027123 3.4.2 Strip Shopping Center Ratio of In-Place Costs PVC/Cast Iron DWV -1991 CSI SECTION NO. DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO BOSTON CLEVELAND HOUSTON 15.4110/15.4100 15.4120/15.4100 15.4130/15.4100 15.4140/15.4100 PVC SOLID CORE DWV. PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON PVC. CELLULAR CORE DWV, PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON PVC. SOLID CORE DWV. GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON PVC. CELLULAR CORE DWV. GENERIC FIRE STOPPING/CAST IRON 0.6275 0.6123 0.6171 0.6089 0.6196 0.6014 0.6075 0.5977 0.6118 0.5906 0.5981 0.5866 0.6009 0.5756 0.5850 0.5713 SEATTLE 0.6153 ATLANTA 0.6045 0.5954 0.5806 0.6023 0.5893 0.5916 0.5763 PROJECT RATIO AVERAGE 0.6133 0.5926 0.5999 0.5887 CTL027124 Strip Shopping Center In-Haee DI1CW Costs Legend 1 - Copper 2 - CPVC, Proprietary Fire 3 - CPVC, Generic Fire Product 3.4.3 Strip Shopping Center In-Place DHCW Costs (in Dollars) - 1991 CSI SECTION NO. 15.4150 15.4160 15.4170 DESCRIPTION SAN FRANCISCO DOSTON CLEVELAND COPPER PIPE "M" IN BUILDING, W/FTGS & SUPPORTS CPVC. SUPPLY PIPE W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND PROPRIETARY FIRE STOPPING CPVC, SUPPLY PIPE W/FTGS, SUPPORTS AND GENERIC FIRE STOPPING WHEN POSSIBLE 22,722 14,730 14,610 19,173 12,116 12,003 16,660 10,265 10,156 HOUSTON 14,146 8,414 8,310 SEATTLE 17,695 ATLANTA 14,886 11,027 8,958 10,917 8,853 PROJECT COST AVERAGE 17,547 10,918 10,808 CTL027125