Document ym0KQQpYBL1gGYvzX83MwKG3r

fv Jan. 22, 1932.] ENGINEERING. ENGINEERING. CONTENTS* of the condensate, and with an .air oooting section. . PAGE Operating Results of the Deptford West Generating No vacuum was specified, but the rate of condensa Offices fov ` Publication tad Adfirtmawti, Station {IUum.) ............... ............................ . ^89 tion was not.to exceed 8 lb. per square foot per hour. 35 ud 36, Bedford 8treet, Stnad, London, W.C.2. The Lose of Carbon froth Iron and'Steel when To secure reasonable uniformity in the conditions W# desire to aall the attention of oar reader* to Heated in Decarburising Gasee (/Uue.).............. 92 on which eetimatee might.be- basecL- the auxiliary ebe fees that eke above ie our SOLD ADDRESS, aod that no oooneotioo ezlata between thle Journal and any other publication* bearing Literature.--A Practical Head book of , Water . . Heavy Oil Engine* of Akroyd Type. .. 94 machinery was specified in some detail, and in view of the prejudices-of a past generation of marine somewhat eimllar title*. irbinee for Shanan Power Station, Punjab engineers,, it is of interest to note that the thrust Tiuonanxor " ENGINEERING," WESTRAND. Addbiss V LONDON. TiLBraotfa Nram--TEMPLE BAR 3363 (2 line*}. (llltts.)...................................................... *.......... Improvements In German Inland Navigation (/Utts.) The Late Mr. John Denham...................... ,,............. The Late Mr. C. G. Cotton..',......... .............. ... 95 98 98 98 block is required to be of the Michel! type. In making estimates of ooaL consumption, the calorific .value of this war specified as 13,800 B.Th.U., and The Late Mr. Gordon Cunningham... ........... ..... 98 the following allowances r were permitted: for the SUBSCRIPTIONS, BOMB AND P0RE1QH. The Physical and Optical Societies' Exhibition' team consumption of certain'of the auxiliaries': (lUu4.)............ ;..................;....................................... 99 250 lb. per hour for the dynamo; 450- lb, per hour " ENGINEERING " may be ordered from any Personal .................. ....................... ... ............. 102 for the steering engine; and 200 lb. per watoh for newsagent in town and 00ontry and at railway book* Contract!..................................................... ash h1o0i2st.; :k tails, or it can be sapplied by the Publisher, post free, &t the following rates, for twelve months (or for *tx Note* from South Yorkshire.......... w .. .............. 102 Tendere ..................................................................... 102 -. Two firms sent in estimates based on this general. or three month*, pro rate), payable la edrenoe :-- Books Received.......... ....... ................................ -. 102 specification, whilst a general discussion of., the For the United Kingdom...................... 3 5 0 Note* from the South Weet....... who10le2 question was contributed by Mr.: J. N. For Canada-- Notes from the North-West. !........................L.. 102 Hendry, who reviewed the more authoritative teste Thin paper copies...................... 3 18 5 Note* from the North .............. 1...... ........ .. ........... 103 which have been made in the past, and noted, Thick paper oopiea....................... 3 3 0 Note* from Cleveland and the Northern Counties...: 103 incidentally, that muoh of the credit, for the lower . For all other pleoee abroad:-- Thin papsr oopie#...................... 3 3 0 Thlok paper oopiea..................... 3 7 8 Foreign and Colonial sobeoribera repairing Inoom- Notice* of Meetings .............................. The Marine Engine.................................................. The Outer-Suburban Motor Coach Service*........... 105106 fuel' con1s0u3m' ption, now recorded credited to the naval architect in servioe, is to be rather than to the Note* ................................................... engineer,1s0i6noe,during the pest ten yean, shipbuilder! plate oopiea throagb newsagent* ere reqoeeted to The Engineering Outlook.--[V.............................. 107 have developed forma of hull, which, though coating commonioate the fact to the Publisher, together with An Experiment on Eleotro-Thennal Storage at little: more for the same cargo capacity, axe easier to the agent's name and address. Constant Temperature (lUus.)............................... 109| drive than were the great bluff forma of the peat. - When foreign subscription* ere sent by Post Ofloe Orders, sdrios *honld be sent to the Publisher. ADVERTISEMENT RATES. The Port of Calcutta................................................... 110 One of the point* Mr. Hendry brings: out ia the Letters to tAe Editor.--Elasticity and Strength-. somewhat wide.gap.between the performance of Driving Stresses in Pile*................................ . .. Artesian WeiL at Virginia Water ........................... Labour Notes.............................................................. IIP Ill1 112 the He standard marine engine and the land engine. notes, for example, that a BeHise engine of The oharge for advertisements olaasiSed under the Contactor-Break Alternating Current-Motor Con* 2,000 brake hone-power has a steam rate of 9* 68 lb. Reedlage of Appointments Open. Situation* Wanted, trol Oear (/Uwe.)...................................................... 113 per indicated hone-power hour when supplied with Tenders, An* is four shillings for the first four Usee, The Basic Law of the Wet and Dry Bulb Hygro steam superheated by 180 deg. F. This figure is or under, end on* par line op to on* Inoh. meter at Temperature# from 40 deg. to 100 deg. C. very distinctly lower than what has hitherto been The Une averages seven word*. When an advertise* (/Hue.)..................................................................... 113 authoritatively - recorded in marine engine trials. meat measures an inoh or more the ahsrgs is its. per inch. Payment most eooompeay ell orders for dome advertisements, otherwise their insertion cannot D* guaranteed. Terms for displayed advertisement* on the wrapper end on the Inside pages may be obtained on application. The pages ere It in. deep and in. 10*Too Foden Steam Tractor (IUtu.)................ .. 116 Torsional Oscillations Occurring in Creak-Shafts (/Has.)..................................................................... 116 Annuals and Reference Books................................... 118 Grab*Type Exoavstor Bucket (/Uw.).................... 118 Catalogue* .............................................................. :. 118 It ia also better then the estimated steam consump tion of an engine of the normal type, which ia (tiacuand in the instructive paper submitted by the Wallaend Slipway and Engineering Company, Limited, in which the main, engines, working with wide, divisible into four columns of 2$ in. in width. One Two-Pof Plate.--THS DEPTFORD WEST steam supplied at 225 lb. per square inch (absolute), Serial advertla*meats will be inserted with ell practic GENERATING STATION OF THS LONDON and at a superheat of 150 deg. F., are aredited with able regularity, but absolute regularity cannot be POWER COMPANY. a steam rate of 10-9 lb. per indicated horae-power- guaranteed. __________________ hour. provision was made in this instance for pre TIME FOR RECEIPT OF ADVERTISEMENTS. Advertisements intended for Insertion la the 0arrant week's lean* most be delivered ant Istar then First Fast oa Thnrsday. Xa ooasnqnsaes of the necessity of going to press early with a portion of tho edition, alterations for standing advartietmeats shonld be received 10 days ENGINEERING FRIDAY, JANUARY 22, 1932. heating of the* air supply to the furnaoee, and alter native eetimatee got out for feeding the auxiliaries with saturated or with superheated steam, the latter arrangement showing a small saving.. With a boiler efficiency of 78 per cent., the estimated, coal rate Vol. CXXXIIL ` No. 3448. . (calorifio. value 13,500 B.Th.U.) is 1-375 per horse power per indicated hone-power for all purposes. previous to dm day of Publication* About 10.per oeot. of this total is debited to.the THE MARINE ENGINE! 1 auxiliaries. This estimate of what can be expected All accounts are payable to " ENGINEERING," Ltd. Cbeouee should be crossed M The National Provincial Bank. Limited, Chariog Croat Branch." Poet Office In view of the severe competition which nowi confronts the ordinary reliable, but by to-day's from the ordinary marine engine without wide de partures from the normal type, and using coal In Orders should be mad* payable at Bedford Street, standards uneconomical, marine engine, it-is of the boilers, is stated to be confirmed by figures Strand. W.C.2. interest to have authoritative estimates, as to how reoorded in actual voyages. No estimate is given far it is practicable to improve it. Of ooyrse, greet of the total machinery ooat or of its weight. AGEHTS FOR " EfIQlWEERlHQ." economies can be effected by coupling it up in one Four eetimatee were submitted by the t North ActtxaUa: Oordoo and Gotch, Limited. Ifalboaraa: Sjrdetv: Ortabasa, Perth. Angus sod Robertson, United, tjrdaar; X.8.W. T. WlUmctt sod Compear. TomsvUk. North Quasoalaod. W. C. Ststp, Adelaida, South Australia; Rdrtlk aod Mullen, Melbourne, Victoria. way or another with an exhaust atesm turbine: but it is of very considerable interest to ascertain whet is possible without the introduction of innovaj tions of this kind. With the object of obtaining Easmm .Marine- Engineering Company, Limited. Since , the general specification prepared by the North East Coast Institution contained require ment* in advance of normal practice, an estimate h KLOiCK, Bruaatb: B. V. SatchcU. te, Rua du TabtUloe. W. E. Smith aad Soa. 76, Bus DumercM-aux-Herbe*. Canaoa, Toronto, 2, Ont.: Wm. Dawaoo Sebacrlptloa Serriea, reliable data on this head, the North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders recently was first got out for a triple-expansion engine of the ordinary type using saturated steam. In a second Limited, 70, King Street Eeet, Toronto, OsL organised a discussion on improved marine steam proposal, smoke-tube superheaters, are provided for DkNMAAK. Copenhagen: Technical Pma Bureau, Ourafada ti. eoursetou; John ifnolira aad Company, Limited, Rose itfwi. >'iAircs. Parts: Alcour, Chevllkt el Cle, tf, Rua da la Basque. 0 sauANV: Hermans J- Promm, Prlmrtfantenetruaa. 89, Bertla, SVUmeradorf. reciprocating engine#, and whether their perform ance justified their extra cost. Written contribuJ tions were invited from a number of leading firms* who agreed to.submit estimates in accordance with and the condensing and feed-heating Arrangements are in accord with the general specification. In the third proposal, greater provision is made for superheat, the steam temperature being raised to Uueoow: WUttam Love, Z2I. Argyle-atrsst. Jobs and Company, Limited. Weal NUe-etraet. HotCANO: Henry F. Tledtmaa. 44, Rowocraeht, Amaterdaa. Ixoia, Calcutta: Thacker, iptok and Company. an outline specification drawn up by the Institution* This provided that the engine should be capablp of developing 1,800 i.h.p. when running at 68 r.p.m., 660 deg. F, and to deal with this the engines have poppet valve* in the high-pressure cylinder. In the fourth proposal, the steam pressure is increased Bombay: Thacker aod Company, Limited. and be suitable for fitting aboard a ship 378 ft. up to 225 lb. per square inoh pod quadruple-expan U. Hoeptf. Milan. Aoontma Ubraria Italians, Torino, and any past odtoa. JtfAS, Torio: ttarnsee Compsoy, Limited, sod all branch*. long, with a block coefficient of 0*77. While tbe type-of boiler was not specified, it was provided sion ere adopted. arrangement the The gross result is that with this coal consumption would, it is Livupoob: Hra. Taylor, Landing Stages. that the average rate of heat transfer should not stated, amount to about 22 too* per day as against UitrcRKSTta: John Heywood, Limited, lit. Deamgata. exoeed 4,800 B.Th.U. per square foot per hour, the 30} tone per day required hy the standard Xtw Zxalaxd: Gordon aad Gotch, Limited, WaUlogtoo, Auckland and Christchurch. Norway. Oslo: CAomenneycr'i Boghaadai, Cart Johans Gads, which would represent at moat something lees than an evaporation of 9 lb. per sq. foot of heating surface triple-expansion engine. Attention is drawn to the facti that then is a definite saving in weight by an 41 aod At. per hour. The fact that more than treble this rate increase of steam temperature, mainly on aoooont Sooth avsioa: Central Kawa Aganoy, Limited. Head Ofloe Johaaneebarg; aad Pretoria, Capa Town. Port Elizabeth, is to-day attained in power station practice and with of the smaller boiler required. The oondanser ia Bloamfootala, Durban aad rartou* branches aad book* effleienoee of 88 per oent. and more would **em to also affected in-* similar way. On the other hand, ulla throughout South Africa, svm. Dawaos aad Sons . (South Alrfea), Limited, 2U, Loog-rtreat, Capetown. Taixutu: Ootdon and Gotch. Launceston, Hobart. ' UrtTSD Svatbs. Kew York: Pot auUaerlpUooa. The [oteroailooel Hewa Oempaay, 131, Vartck-rtroai. For advertisement!, PerOgB Pubilahen Repogoenuuves, Inc-, 87,Wart 44th-street. raise the question as to whether there is not more room for improvement in the marine boiler then in the marine engine. The. specification further provided for a condenser with regenerative heating higher < pressures involve higher weights. - The machinery weight ie.least in thalcaae ol the third proposal, the eatimated figure being 368 tone. Both the ordinary triple^ and the. quadruple-expansion Jam. 22, 1932.] ENGINEERING. 107 spindle turbine placed well above the waterline. during the twelve months ending June 30, 1930. With regard to air supply plant, designers had been This total was greater by 118.771 acres than the gTeatly assisted by the closer attention now given previous year's figure. The total revenue derived THE ENGINEERING OUTLOOK, IV.--Thb Motor Industry. to the reduction of losses in intake shafts, 4c. was Rs. 3,02,53,263 and the net revenue, after Official employment statistics do not distinguish Formerly, these accounted for 30 per cent, of the deducting working expenses, was Rs. 1,36,23,889. between the privets car industry and commercial total energy supplied to the fans. The reduction Some idea of the scale upon which the operations vehicle induetiy. In.Tabic I accordingly a general of such losses to a minimum was now-a-days of were carried on will be gained when it is stated summary is given covering the group of industries very groat moment when installations on board that the total length of the main and branch canals centred round the internal combustion engine.. might be required to supply 320,000 cub. ft. per of the irrigation works was 4,447 miles, some 1,180 minute against stokehold pressures of 3^ to 4 in. miles of which were utilised for navigation as well Tasls I.--Member 0/ WorkptopU Employed. as for irrigation purposes ; the length of the distri Engineering Standardisation in Australia. buting chancels reached the large total of 10,320 On Thursday, January 14, & joint meeting of the miles. A good deal of the report is naturally British Standards Institution and the Standards devoted to particulars regarding the now well-known Association of Australia, was held, the two parties Cauvery-Metur irrigation project. Work on the Year. Moton, Cycle* and Aircraft.* Jfurabic loaured. Number Unem ployed. Number Employed. Iodex. 1923 - 100. to the gathering being assembled at the Board of main dam at Metur is shown to be progressing satis IKS Trade, London, and at Science House, Sydney, factorily ; 310,000 tons of masonry had been placed in 1924 respectively. On this side, the meeting was position on the dam site during the year ending June 1025 102S addressed by the Right Honourable Walter Runci- 30,1930, and this had been increased to 429,000 tons 1027 man. President of the Board of Trade, by Mr. Maurice by the end of December, representing an average 102S 1920 Wilson, chairman of the British Standards Institu- of 1,050 tons per working day. The line from Salem 1030 tion. and by Sir William L&rke, chairman of the on the South Indian Railway to Metur was'opened 1931 101.830 203.340 214.540 224.040 232.800 234,830 244,410 247,140 251.320 10.108 18,145 14.100 21,000 18.330 22,015 17.614 40.647 57,462 176,722 1ft?,193 200.740 202.431 214.531 212.813 227.70S 206.493 183.866 100-0 106-5 114*5 , 115-6 122-S , 121-1 129-9 117 5 110*3 Iron and Steel Industry Committee, while on the in April, 1929, and materials are now conveyed other, the speakers were Sir George Julius, chair* direct to Metur Dam station. The project includes: Figures relate only to the tnboth of July to tech year. man of the Standards Association of Australia, a hydro-electric power scheme, by which it is hoped As explained in previous articles, the Ministry Sir Henry Barraclough, dean of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, and Mr. C. Le to generate 30,000-h.p. continuously, all the year i round. The insertion into the dam of four rows of of Labour figures in respeot of 1928 to 1932 are not strictly comparable with those for previous yean-, Maistre, Director of the British Standards Institu 8-ft. fl-in. diameter pipes, for the purpose, was in that they leave out of account all workpeople tion, who is at present in Australia. Mr. Runcirnan begun in November, 1930. We hope to deal with 65 yeexs of age and over, and youths under 16. pointed out that the development of standardisation this subject st length shortly. Another important Possibly, an addition of some 2,000 workpeople in the various parts of the Empire, upon the basis of close co-opcration in establishing uniform standard specifications, would contribute to the growth of portion of the work of the Department is in connection with the restoration of the derelict tanks distributed over a wide area within the Presidency. employed should be made on this account. The adjustment does not, however, affect materially the very decided recession shown in the above table. inter-Imperial trade, while Sir George Julius emphasised the growing realisation of the inter* dependence of the two countries, and the need that Great Britain should further extend her Empire markets. Mot the least of the efforts being made towards that end was, he said, the work of the two Standards Associations, which for many yean had been studying each other's needs with a view to securing at a maximum efficiency and minimum cost the article or material, which would satisfy the user. Failure in this direction on the part of the British manufacturer had resulted in the lose of much possible trade in Australia, while primary producers in the latter country had equally failed The total area of land coming within the soope of the tank restoration scheme is 102.500 square miles, which, as will be seen, is two-thirds of the srea of the Presidency itself. Up till the end of March, 1930, restoration works had been completed over an area of 83,137 aq. miles, and, in addition, works hsd been put in hand, or were about to be commenced, on a further 4.493 sq. miles of Isnd. Consequently, some 85'49 per cent, of the total area comprised in the scheme had been dealt with by March 31, 1930. ReOULATTOITS fOS TH1 Asbestos Industry. The Home Secretary has issued a pamphlet of regulations relating to the Asbestos Industry, under None of this recession is probebly allocable to the aircraft industry, and a small amount only in the aggregate to the motor cycle and oycle industries. Although there wan still a net influx of workpeople into the industry, it was on a smaller scale than in recent years, and it was insufficient to compensate the large increase in the number unemployed. The resulting figure of employment is lower than any year since 1924, and even allowing for the rapid technical advance in productive processes, indicates a marked decline in production as compared with 1929. PrivaU Cars.--The revised figures of privsto-csr production, published by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, Limited, in their to understand the markets in the Mother Country and had, therefore, found it difficult to meet com* petition from others. This position could only be rectified by a whole-hearted and co-operative survey Section 79 of the Factory and Workshop Act, 1001, three pages of which are concerned with the respon sibilities of occupier* and one-half a page with the duties of persons employed, the remainder annual review for the years up to and including 1929, and the figures for the yean ending September, 1929, 1930 and 1931, are given in Table II. of imperial market requirements and manufacturing being taken up by familiar perambulatory matter. Tasls IL--Output of Cart. possibilities, so that, as far as possible, thoee Assuming that brevity is more effective than requirements could be met .by products from diffuaeness, there is no objection to this. Indeed, within the Empire. It was the intention of the the whole pith of these regulations is comprised in Commonwealth Government to assist in the conduct the statement that the occupier is to provide 1083 1024... 1989... 1989... ... 71,399 ... 116,900 ... 132,000 ... 163,900 1987 1929 1989 1930 1931 ... ... ... ... ... ... 194,993 ... 169.393 ... 188.299* ... 171.093* ... 198.299* of the work of the Standards Association of Austr mechanical means for preventing the escape of * Year eliding September 30. alia. Sir Henry Barraclough stated that in that asbestos duet from the various machines into the' The production year of the motor industry is country there were 500 committees dealing with room, and * breathing apparatus for each person from October 1 to September 30, owing to the neces various aspects of standardisation. That number employed in chambers where loose material is sity of regulating production in accordance with the might appear large, but it must be remembered prevalent, while the parsons employed are to wear yisfrnal movement of demand and to the impetus that they were scattered over a continent the sire that apparatus. If we regard the last stipulation given to the production of new models by the of Europe, which was divided into six self-governing as being the moej important, it is because a long Antfuei Motor Exhibition at Olympia, which is held states. Mr. Le Maistre uttered a warning to British study of the reporta of H.M. Inspector of Factories st the beginning of October. Since the necessary manufacturers on the necesaity of adapting their has convinced us that there are- few, if any, of the data have been available, it has, therefore, been products to the special requidementaof Australia, and methods proposed for increasing tHe safety of more useful to collate production figures on the added the good advice that they should visit the workmen, which these workmen will not exercise basis of the production year. Apart from the alight country to see for themselvee, if possible. We the greatest ingenuity to circumvent, when they overlap in 1928-29, this method doee not vitiate commend this advice to our manufacturers. feel so disposed That this view is also held by the comparison, and even in the year of transition little Irrigation Works in Madras. authorities is shown by the fact that another difference would be made where the calendar year stipulation animadverts against the -misuse of, or figures substituted for those of the production year. The Presidency of Madras is essentially an agri interference with, any appliance provided in pur The decline in production in this section of the motor cultural region, 71 per cent, of its population being suance of these regulations. The processes covered industry is in. line with the decreased employment engaged in tilling the soil. The total area of the include tha breaking, crushing, disintegrating and noted above, and was progressive throughout the province is 142.200 sq. miles and over 42 per cent, grinding of asbestos, the manufacture of asbestos year. Twelve monthly totals, however, show of this, namely, 30,200,000 acres, is under cultiva textiles and insulating materials, and the craning that since October, 1931, the decline has been tion ; a fair proportion of the remainder is forest of tha equipment used for the collection of thqdusfc. arrested., Both as regards the magnitude of the land. The fertility of the soil is greatly increased The regulations are. published by H.M. Stationery decline and the recent improvement, these results by irrigation, and this has long been recognised by Office, as Staiuiory Rultt and Order*, 1931, No. 1140, are highly satisfactory, especially if comparison is the industrious Madrasi agriculturist. About a st s price of 2d. net. made with the position of the motor industries of quarter of the sown area is systematically irrigated other countries. Indeed, during tome weeks of and does not, therefore, depend on the adequacy November, 1931, it was not impossible that British of the monsoons. For many years past a large Tee Bsotmxss Hawqbts and Cassow Womxa.-- production eTfeodrri the production of the U.S.A., proportion of the irrigation works have been in the hands of the Madras Government and the annual administration report of the Public Works Depart Messrs. Csrroa Company. Carrot), Falkirk, have recentlypublished the eighth of their ettreetive little pamphlets in the " Femous Man and Carron Works " aeries. This deals with the work of William and Henry Haworth, which was then, owing to shut-downs,' running et some 7,000 units per week. Such a position.- i* certainly unprecedented, and perhaps unlikely .to ment of the Presidency shows that 7,380,987 acres of land, representing 18 -8 per cent, it the total who were designers end wood carvers st Csrroo. Illustrations of several outstanding examples of their omsmsntsl carvings, end of the osstings roads from cropped area, wees irrigated by Government works I them in the foundry, are included in the pamphlet. recur, but it is sufficiently striking to be noticed, and would not have been considered within the bounds of possibility three yean ago. The new Dec. 2, 1932.] ENGINEERING. EXHIBITS AT THE PUBLIC HEALTH EXHIBITION. 651 or compresses m required. The machine is designed gear box, and gives an elevating angle of 40 degrees. stoker illustrated in Figs. 4 to 6, on this page, and for street watering, in addition to gully emptying, An automatic cut-out valve is provided to eliminate shown at the Exhibition. This stoker, which is and fittings can be supplied to enable it to be used the risk of over-tipping. The air pump is of the known as the 0 Robot Fireman," is constructed on as a gutter fiusher, sewer fiusher or cesspool emptier. rotary type, and is fitted with a two-way reversing the same principles as the larger mechanical stokers Finally, the tank can be lifted away in a few minutes valve, which enables it to be used either as an manufactured by the Company, and previously as a complete unit, and a hydraulically-operated end* exhauster or compressor. It is driven from the described In our columns. The use of one of these tipping lorry body substituted. The change-over engine and is- quiet running and. automatically appliances on a hot-water boiler enables a cheap does not call for special equipment, as the hydraulic lubricated. The suotion hose, which is oleariy coal to be employed, since the fuel is in a continual tipping gear is employed to raise the tank bodily. visible in the figure, is mounted on the near side of state of movement, thus ensuring an Intimate The engine is a four-cylinder model with a cylinder the tank, and is fitted with a steel pipe and valve. mixture of fuel and air. In addition, it entirely bore of 100 mm. and a piston stroke of 150 mm., It is carried on a balanced arm, as shown, to eliminates labour, with the exception of about and develops 55 brake horse-power. It is mounted facilitate raising and lowering. A large gauge glass 10 minutes' attention required every 12 to 18 hours on three-point suspension, and is insulated from the is provided on the"top half of the sludge compart to fill the fuel hopper and to remove the clinker, frame by coil springs at the front and rubber ment, and a full-length gauge glass on the clean and, finally, there is no intermittent fall in tempera mounting at the rear. Side-by-side valves are water compartment, together with a' compound ture caused by opening the furnace doors, and no employed, with pump circulation for the cooling pressure and vacuum gauge connected to the air 'objectionable fumes reaching the stokehold. water and magneto ignition. The clutch is of the pump, and located behind the cab. The fuel is placed in the hopper shown in all external-cone type faced with fabrio, and a double The sprinkler heads, when fitted, are of gunmetal, three figures, and falls into a trough, from which it universal joint of the fabric-disc type is fitted and are independently controlled, both for width is fed into the furnace by the conveyor screw shown between the clutch and gear box. The latter is of spray and quantity of water delivered. The wFigs. 4 and 5. The fire is lit in the usual way arranged for four forward speeds, the ratios being spray will oover a total width of from 30 ft. to 35 ft. with sticks, and the machine is started with a slow 4-5, 2*76, 175 and l to 1. The reverse ratio is at a single passage of the machine. A 3-in. quick feed, power being supplied by the small motor 3-73 to l. The shafts are of large diameter, and acting valve for sewer flushing, connected to a visible in Figs. 5 and 6. When the fire is well alight, run on ball bearings, while the gears are of chrome- suitable length of copper-riveted hose, is fitted under the fuel supply is increased. The motor drives a nickel steel. A separate external oil filler is pro the rear of the tank, and a 2-in. gutter-flushing crank through worm and spur gearing, the crank vided. There is a universal joint at each end of valve is located under the near side of the driver's being connected to an arm carrying a pawl, and the the propeller shaft, and the final transmission is by eat. The latter valve is operated by a hand lever arm being pivoted ooncentrio with a rachet wheel. worm gearing. The top cover of the rear-axle in the cab. The cesspool-emptying equipment con This rachet wheel drives the conveyor screw through casing carries the worm and differential assembly, sists of a 3-in. quick-acting valve and a gunmetal a slipping clutch, visible to the left in Figs. 4 and 5, which can be removed without taking down the adaptor for connecting the hose. It is fitted on the which forms a safety device in the event of foreign axle or removing the wheels. The live axles can near side of the tank, with a steel pipe connecting matter being with the coal. A shield is so also be withdrawn without removing the Utter. it to the dome. This enables compressed air to be arranged that it can be ixterposed between the pawl A hand brake of the contracting type operates on a passed through the boas for cleaning it, and also for and the rachet wheel to hold the former out of drum behind the gearbox, and the servo-assisted stirring up the solid matter in the pits. Th^ 3-in. engagement for a leaser or greater portion of its foot brake, of the internal-expanding type, operates cesspool suction hose is armoured, and is supplied stroke, thus regulating the feed rats. This shield is on drums on the rear wheels. The springs are of in 17-ft. 6-in. lengths. connected to a horizontal shaft running beside chrome-nickel steel, and pressure-gun lubricators The wide extension in central heating, which has tbs conveyor casing, and visible in Fig. 5. At its are provided. occurred in recent years, has led to_ considerable inner end, the shaft is connected through bevel The tank is divided into two compartments, the improvements in the design of boilers of the type gearing to a system of levers controlling the dampers forward one, of 200 gallons capacity, being for clean use** in private and public buildings for obtaining for the forced and induced air supply, and this water to reseal the gullies after they have been a constant supply of hot water. The majority of system of levers is again connected through bevel emptied, and the rear compartment, of 350 gallons these boilers, however, still require to be fired with gearing and a vertical and horizontal shaft to a ther capacity, for carrying the sludge. Provision is made a relatively expensive fuel, and as they are normally mostat plaoed in the boiler water outlet. The for connecting the two compartments to form a hand-fired, a certain wastage of fuel is almost arrangement can be followed from the three figures, single tank for watering or sewer flushing. The inevitable. To overcome these defects, Messrs. and it will be clear that the thermostat will auto tipping gear is of the hydraulic-ram type, operated Combustion Engineering, Limited, Aldwych House, matically reduce or increase both the fuel and air from the engine through a power take-off on the Aldwych, W.C.2, have introduced the mechanical supplies, as required. The forced draught is supplied