Document ykzDVMB0wpJ0zXpw4GpR1bMdd

manufacturing chemists association 1825 CONNECTICUT AVENUE. N.W. WASHINGTON, D. C. 20009 (202) 483*6126 April 10, 1973 To: AIR QUALITY COMMITTEE. JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Subject: Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants^ Gentlemen: Distributed herewith are copies of the emission standards for beryllium, asbestos, and mercury issued \ by EPA pursuant to section 112 of the Clean Air Act, as amended. These are the first standards to be promulgated under this authority. Although other pollutants are under study for possible inclusion in an extension to the initial list, EPA has not announced any intention of. or schedule for, such additions. Sincerely KDJ:mb Attachment Distribution "C" Kenneth D. Johnspn, Ph.D.' Assistant Technical Director Air Quality E-00373  8820 RULES AND REGULATIONS * Title 40--Protection of Environment CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACENCY brnnes lining the chest and abdomen it is necessary to control emissions from (30-47). There are reports of mesotheli major man-made sources of asbestos oma associated with nonoccupational emissions into the atmosphere, but that SUOCHAFTER C--AIN PROGRAMS PART 61--NATIONAL EMISSION STAND ARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS exposures in the neighborhood of as bestos sources (34. 42. 47, 48 >. An out standing feature has been the long period, commonly over 30 years, between it is not necessary to prohibit all emissions. In this determination, the Administra tor has relied on the National Academy Asbestos, Beryllium, end Mercury On March 31, 1971 (36 FR 5931', pur suant to section 112 of the Clean Air Act. as amended, the Administrator published an initial list of three hazardous air pol lutants which, in his judgment may cause, or contribute to. an increase in mortality or an increase in serious ir reversible, or incapacitating reversible. Illness. The pollutants were asbestos, beryllium, and mercurj'. On December 7, 1971 (36'FR 23239i. the Administrator proposed standards for these pollutants. Interested persons participated in the rulemaking by giving testimony at public the first exposure to asbestos and the ap pearance of a tumor (49, 50>. There is evidence which indicates that mcsothli- oinas occur after much less exposure to asbestos dust than the exposure associ ated with asbestos (51. 52). It is not practicable, at this time, to establish allowable numerical concentra tions or mass emission limits for asbestos. Satisfactory means of measuring ambient asbestos concentrations have only re cently been developed, and satisfactory means of measuring asbestos emissions are still unavailable. Even if satisfactory means of measuring asbestos emissions did exist, the previous unavailability of a of Sciences' report on asbestos (53). which concludes: "Asbestos is too im portant in our technology and economy for its essential use to be stopped. But, because of the known serious effects of uncontrolled inhalation of asbestos min erals In industry and uncertainty as to the shape and character of the doseresponse curve in man. it would be highly imprudent to permit additional contami nation of the public environment with asbestos. Continued use at minimal risk to the public requires that the major sources of man-made asbestose emission into the atmosphere be defined and con trolled.'* hearings and by sending comments to satisfactory means of measuring ambient The means of control used are limita EPA. Public hearings were held in New levels of asbestos makes It impossible to tions on visible emissions with an option York City on January US, 1972. and in estimate even roughly the quantitative in' some cases to use designated control Los Angeles on February 15 and 16.1972. relationship between asbestos-caused ill equipment, requirements that certain A third hearing, scheduled to be held ness and the doses which caused those ill procedures be followed, and prohibitions in Kansas City, on February 1, 1972, was nesses. This is a major problem, since on the use of certain materials or of cer canceled because of a lack of requests to some asbestos caused illnesses have a 30- tain operations. These means of control participate. Sixty-eight persons gave year latency period. are required because of the impossibility testimony at the public hearings, and 56 EPA considered the possibility of ban at this time of prescribing and enforc persons sent comments to EPA. Repre ning production, processing, and use of ing allowable numerical concentrations sented were industries, universities, gov asbestos or banning all emissions of as or mass emission limitations known to ernmental agencies--Federal, State, and bestos into the atmosphere, but rejected provide an ample margin of safety. The local, and environmental groups. Copies these approaches. The problem of meas alternative of no control of the sources of the public hearing records are avail uring asbestos emissions would make the subject to this standard was rejected able at all EPA Regional Oilices and at latter approach impossible to enforce. because of the significant health hazard the Division of Stationary Source En Either approach would result in the pro of unregulated emissions of asbestos into forcement, room 3220, 401 M Street SW,, hibition of many activities which are the atmosphere from the designated Washington, D.C. 20460, where copies of extremely important; moreover, the major sources. the comments received are also available. available evidence relating to the health It is the Administrator's judgment The bases for the Administrator's de hazards of asbestos does not suggest that that the asbestos sources subject to this terminations that asbestos, beryllium, such prohibition Ls necessary to protect standard are the major sources of as and mercury are hazardous, the deriva public health. Por example, demolition of bestos emissions. In the absence of quan tions of the standards now adopted, the any building containing asbestos fire titative emission data, the Administra Environmental Protection Agency's re proofing or insulating materials would tor's judgment was based on an national sponses to the significant comments have to bo prohibited as would the use of inventory of sources and emissions of received, and the principal revisions to materials containing even trace amounts asbestos (54) and other reports (S3. 55). the proposed standards are summarized of asbestos which could escape into the The asbestos emissions and emission below. A more detailed statement is atmosphere. factors presented in the national inven available on request from the Emission Finally, the available evidence suggests tory were based on information obtained Standards nnd Enginering Division. En a gradient of effects from direct occupa from production and reprocessing com vironmental Protection Agency. Re tional. to indirect occupational exposure, panies. This information included pro search Triangle Park. N.C. 27711, Atten to families of workers exposed to asbestos duction figures, estimates of control tion: Mr. Don Goodwin. In addition, the and persons in the neighborhood of as equipment efficiency and material bal Administrator is issuing Information on bestos sources--in all of which situa ances; it did not include emission test control techniques for asbestos, beryl lium, and mercury as directed by section 112(b) (2) of the act. Copies of these documents may be obtained free of charge from EPA Regional Offices. tions asbestos concentrations are un doubtedly high by comparison with most community air. This suggests that there are levels of asbestos exposure that will not be associated with any detectable results. The major sources of asbestos emissions were considered to fall into five categories: <1> Mining and milling; <2> manufacturing:- (3) fabrication; (4* de molition; and <5) spraying. In deter Asszstos risk, although these levels are not mining which of these major sources known (53). should be covered by the standard pro Asbestos is a hazardous air pollutant It is probable that the effects of as mulgated herein, the Administrator con within the meaning of section 112. Many bestos inhalation are cumulative; that is. sidered the effect other Federal regula persons exposed to asbestos dust de low-level and/or intermittent exposure tions will have on the emissions from veloped asbestosls when the dust concen to asbestos over a long time may ov such sources and the proximity of such tration was high or the duration of ex equally as important in the etiology of sources to the public. In addition, the posure was long (f-7). A large number asbestotic disease ns high level and/or Administrator considered comments on of studies have shown that there Is an continuous exposure over o shorter pe the proposed standard and additional association between occupational ex riod. On the other hand, the available technical data not available before pro posure to asbestos and a highcr-tlian- evidence does not indicate tiia; levels posal. The following paragraphs explain expected incidence of bronchial canrer of asbestos in most community air cause these considerations and the changes (4-30). Asbestos also has been identified asbestotic disease. Taking both these made to the standard between preyesa* as a causal factor in the development of considerations into account, the Admin and final promulgation. mesotheliomas, cancers of the mem- istrator has determined that, in order to The promulgated standard applies to provide an ample margin of saiety u> asbestos mills, selected manufacturing Reterenccs *t end of article. protect the public health from asbestos. operations, the use of spray-on asbestos FIPriAl fcG'Mci, vc- 39. no --rrs.v*, /.mu. . 1973 F -OO (74 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8821 materials, demolition operations, and the surfacing of roadways with asbestos tail* lnffs. The Administrator will continue to investigate other existing and new sources of asbestos emission and if any of them are found to be major sources, the standard will bo revised to cover them. As applied to mines, the proposed standard would have limited the emis sions from drilling operations and pro* hibited visible emissions of particulate matter from mine roads surfaced with asbestos tailings. The Bureau of Mines has prescribed health and safety regula tions (30 CFR 55.5) for tiie purpose of protecting life, the promotion of health and safety, and the prevention of acci dents in open pit metal and nonmetallic mines. As related to asbestos mines, these regulations prohibit persons working in a mine from being exposed to asbestos concentrations which exceed the thresh old limit value adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. The regulations specify that respirators shall not be used to prevent persons from being exposed to asbestos where environmental measures are avail able. For drilling operations, tiie regula tions require that the lioic-.s be collared and drilled wet. The regulations recom mend that haulage roads, rock transfer points, crushers, and other points where ctU6t (asbestos) is produced sufficient to cause a health or safety hazard be wetted down as often as necessary unless the dust is. controlled adequately by other means. In the judgment of the Admin istrator, implementation of these regu lations will prevent asbestos mines from being a major source which must be cov ered by the standard promulgated here in. Furthermore, the public is suiQciently removed from the mine work environ ment that their exposure should be sig nificantly less than that of the workers in the work environment. Accordingly, the promulgated standard does not apply to drilling operations or roadways at mine locations. For asbestos mills, the proposed stand ard would have applied to ore dumps, open storage areas for asbestos materials, tailings dumps, ore dryers, air for proc essing ore. air for exhausting particulate material from work areas, and any mill ing operation which continuously gen erates inplant visible emissions. The promulgated standard prohibits visible emissions from any part of the miil, but it docs not apply to dumps of asbestos tailings or open storage of asbestos ores. The Bureau of Mines' regulations pre viously referenced and regulations issued by tho Occupational Safety and Health Administration (20 CFR 1910.03a, pro tect workers from the hazards of air con taminants in the work environment. The Occupational Safety and Health Admin istration regulations were promulgated on Juno 7, 1072. The regulations arc in tended to protect the health of employees from asbestos exposure by means of en gineering controls (i.e. isolation, enclo sures, and dust collection) rattier Uian by personal protective equipment. It is the judgment of tiie Administrator tliat measures taken to comply with the Bu reau of Mines and Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations to protect the health of pcn.ons who work in proximity to dump.; and open storage areas will prevent tiie dumps and storage areas from being major sources ol.asbes tos emissions. The proposed standard would have ap plied to buddings, structures, or facilities within which aiiy fabricating or manu facturing operation is carried on which involves the use of asbestos materials. Comments received on the pronosed standard indicated that the requirements for fabricating and manufacturing oper ations were confusing. Much of the con fusion was created by the use of terms such as "any." "continuously." and "forced gas screams." The promulgated standard is more definitive as to applica bility of the provisions. The promulgated standard prohibits visible emissions from the nine manufacturing operations which, in the judgment of the Adminis trator. are major sources of asuestos. The promulgated standard does not cover fabrication operations. Of all fabrication operations, only those operations at new construction sites are considered to be major sources of asbestos emissions. The Occupational Safety and Health Admin istration regulations specify tliat ail hand- or power-operated tools (i.e. saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills) which produce asbestos dust be provided with dust collection systems. In the judg ment of the Administrator, implementa tion of these regulations will prevent fabrication operations from being a major source which must be covered by the standard promulgated herein. The proposed standard would have prohibited visible emissions of asbestos particulate material from the repair or demolition of any building or structure other than a single-family dwelling. Comments indicated that the no visible emission requirement would prohibit re pair or demolition in many situations, since it would be impracticable, if not impossible, to do such work without cre ating visible emissions. Accordingly, the promulgated standard specifies certain work practices which must be followed when demolishing certain buddings or structures. The standard covers institu tional, Industrial, and commercial build ings or structures. Including apartment houses having more than lour dwelling units, which contain friable a:.bestos ma terial. Tills coverage is based on the Na tional Academy of Sciences' rcix>rt <5J) whirn states, "In general, single-family residential .structures contain only small amounts of asbestos insulation. Demoli tion of industrial and cnmmc*cial build- in's that have been fireproofed with asbestos-containing materials will prove to lie an cmiision source in the future, requiring control measures." Apartment houses with four dwelling units or less arc considered to be equivalent to single- family residential structures. Tiie stand ard requires that the Administrator be notified at least 20 days prior to the com mencement of demolition. Tiie proposed standard would have limited emissions from a number of sources by stipulating that such emis sions could not exceed tiie amounts winch would be emitted from the source if the source were equipped with a tabric filter, or. in some cases, a wet-collection airclcanin? device. This would have required a standardized emission-measuring tech nique. which is not currently available. The promulgated standard prohibits visi ble emissions which contain asbestos and provides the option of using specified air-cleaning methods. The existence of particulate asbestos material in a gas stream vented to the atmosphere can be determined by collecting a sample on a filter and analyzing it by microscopy techniques. The proposed standard stated that the air-cieaning requirement would not be met if a number of listed faults, c.g., broken bags, leaking gases, thread bare bags, existed and It required that collection hoppers on some baghouses be emptied without generating visible emis sions. Comments received suggested that this negative approach tended to make the quality of air-cleaning operations de pendent upon the ability of EPA to an ticipate and to include in the standard all the factors which would constitute improper methods. Since the intent was. and is, to require high quality air-clean ing operations, the promulgated standard requires proper installation, use. opera tion. and maintenance without precisely defining the means to be used. Tho proposed standard would have prohibited the spraying of any material containing asbestos on any portion of a building or structure, prohibited the spraying of any material containing xs- bestos in on area directly open to the atmosphere, and limited emissions from all other spraying of any material con taining asbestos to the amount which would be emitted If specified air-cleaning equipment were used. Comments re ceived pointed out that this standard would: '1) Prohibit the use of materials containing only the trace amounts of asbestos which occur in numerous nat ural substances, (2) prohibit the use of materials to which very small quantities of asbestos are added in order to enhance their effectiveness, and-(3) prohibit the use of materials in which the xsbestos ts stror.ely bound and which would not gen erate particulate asbestos emissions. Tiie promulgated standard applies to those uses of spray-on asbestos materials which could generate major emissions of particulate asbestos material. For those spray-on materials used to insulate or fireproof buildings, structures, pipes, and conduits, tiie standard limits the asbestos content to no more than 1 percent. Ma terials currently used contain from in to 60-perccnt asbestos. The intent of the 1-percent limit is to ban the use of ma terials which contain significant quanti ties of asbestos, but to allow the use of materials which would: (1) Contain trace amounts of asbestos which occur m numerous natural substances, and include very small quantities of asbcu.-w (less than 1 percent) added to enhance the material's effectiveness. Although a FCO'SAl CESriTCft. VOL 31. NO. *4--fHIOAT, APll . 1973 F-0037ft *SS22 RULES AND REGULATIONS standardized reference method has not been developed to quantitatively deter mine the content of asbestos in a ma terial. there are acceptable methods available, based on electron microscopy, which independent laboratories have de veloped. Determinins the asbestos con tent of a material with these methods costs approximately <300, and the results are accurate within plus or minus 50 percent: these limits on accuracy were taken into account in establishing the f-percent limitation. The proposed standard would have prohibited the surfacing of anv roadway with asbestos tailings. The promulgated standard applies to all roadways except those on ore deposits: these roadways are temporary, and control measures taken to comply with the Bureau of Mines reg ulations prevent them from being n major source which must be revered by the standard promulgated hcretn. At this time, the application of asbestos tailings to public roadways i< nut widely prac ticed, but because of the close proximity of roads to the public, a ban on using asbestos tailings on roadways is included in the promulgated standard to avoid a future problem and stop the practice where It Is followed. The term '`surfac ing" is defined to include the cieposit of asbestos tailings on roadways covered with snow or ice; therefore, this practice is prohibited. Consideration was given to including provisions in the standard requiring proper disposal of the asbestos material generated during demolition and col lected in control devices used to comply with the requirements of this standard. It was decided that this was not neces sary because the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations <29 CFR 1910.93aih>> include house keeping and waste disposal requirements. These regulations require that any as bestos waste, consigned for disposal, be collected and disposed of in sealed im permeable bags or other closed, imperme able containers. The potential environmental impact of the promulgated standard was evalu ated. and it was concluded that the standard will not cause any adverse ef fects. The potentially adverse environ mental effects of the standard are: <1> The asbestos-materials which will be collected in control devices and gen erated during demolition will have to be disposed of or recycled. (2) Materials, such as mineral wool, ceramic wool, and fiberglass, will be sub stituted for asbestos presently contained in spray-appUed fireproofing and insulat ing materials. In some manufacturing operations, a major portion of the asbestos-material collected by fabric Alters is either re cycled to the process or is marketed for other uses. For example, one asbestos tex tile mill recycles large quantities of longer-fiber asbc: tos for process use and sells more than 90 percent of the remain ing collected materials to a brake ,:ninr manufacturer. Consequently, a signifi cant portion of the increased quantities of "wnsto** asbestos materials which wll result from the implementation oi the standard will not require disposal. Where disposal is required, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regu lations (29 CFR 1910.93a<h)) require that any asbestos waste, consigned for disposal, be collected and disposed of in scaled impermeable bags or other closed, impermeable containers. The contamina tion of ground water supplies with asbes tos from landfill disposal is not consid ered a potential problem. The substitution of ceramic wool, min eral wool, and fiberglass for asbestos is not now known to be a problem. There is no evidence that these materials cause health effects in the concentrations found in occupational or ambient environments. Although the standard was not based on economic considerations, EPA Is aware of the impact (55) and considers it to be reasonable. Costs among the various sources covered by the standard are quite variable. Although the standard may ad versely affect some individual plants or companies wluch arc marginal opera tions. it appears that such effects will be minimal and the impact to the asbestos industries as a whole will not be large. Repehcnces 1. Cooke. W. E.: Fibrosis of the Lungs due to the Inhalation of Asbestos Oust. Brit. Med. J.. 2. 147. 1924. 2. Cooke. W. E.: Pulmonary Asbestosls. Brit. Med. J., 2.1024-1025. 1927. 3. Dreessen, W. C., J. M. Daliavnlle, T. I. Edwards. J. W. Miller, and R. It. Sayers: A Study of Asbestos in the Asbestos Textile In dustry rublic Health Bull. 241. Washington, U S. Government Printing Office. 1938. 125 pp. 4. McDonald, S.: History of Pulmonary Asbestosls, Brit. Med. J.. 2. 1025-1026. 1927. 5. Merewether, E. H. A.: The Occurrence of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Other Tulmonary Alice, ions In Asbestos Workers, J. lad. Ityg.. 12. 198-222, and 12, 239-237, 1930. 6. :.tlli3. R. Q.: Pulmonary Asbestos:*: Re port of a ease. Minn. Med., 13, 49.4-499. 1930. 7 Soper. W. B.: Pulmonary Asbehtosis. A report of a case and a review. Am. Rev. Tuberc.. 22. 571-584. 1930. 8. Houser. O. M,, J S. Faulds. and M. 3. Stewart: Occupational Caiuer of tho Urinary Bladder In Dyestuffs Operatives ar.d of tile Lung in Asbestsa Textile Workers and Iron- ore Miners. Am. J. Ci:n. Path., 2i, !26-t:<4. ipe.5. 9. Braun. D. C,, and T. P Trnan: An Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer in As he; las Miners. Arch. Ind. Health, 17, 6)4C33. 1958 10. Buchanan. W. D.: Asbestosts and Pri mary Intri'thoraclc Neoplasms. Ann. N.Y. Arad. Set.. 132, 507-518.1965. 11. Cordova. J. F.. H. Testuk. and R. P. Knudlson: Asbestosts and Carcinomas of 'ho Lung. Cancer, 15, 1181-1187, 1962. 12. Doll. R.: Mortality from Lung Cancel ir. Asbestos Workers. Brit. J. Ind. Med . 12,81-86, 1953. 13. Dunn. J. E.. Jr., and J. M. W-lr: A Prospective Study of Mortality of Several Oc cupational Groups--Special Empha-is on Lung Cancer. Arch. Emir. Health. 17, ?l-*.n 1908. I t. Du:u J E.. Jr., nr.d J. M. Weir: Cancer Experience r.f Several Occupational Groups Followed Prospectively. Am. J. Pub. llcaltu. 55. 18Uf-la7S. 1968. IS Ehcemi. p. C.. and A. L. Cochr.ihe: A tvilow- tin study of Workers from an A*-"Ui- Factory. Urti. J. Ind. Med.. 21, 304-.ii:7. :0C4. It. Ftiierllne. P. E.: Mortality Attic-si. As bestos Product Workers In I he Un. ted Si..ti-e. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Set.. 132, 180-165, 1963. 17. Enter!Ir.e. P. E.. and M. A. KendrickA.-bcstos-du.-.t Exposures at Various Levels and Mortality. Arch. Envir. Health, is, isi18fi 1987. 16. G'.ovnc. S. R.: Pneumoconiosis: A His tologic:.! Survey of Necropsy Material In 1.205 Cases. Lancet. 1, 810-314. 1951. to. Isserbacher. N. J., M. Klaus, and H. L. Ifr.rdy: Asbestosts and Bronchogenic Carci noma: Report of one autopsted case and re view of the available literature. Am. J. Med.. IS. 721-732. 1953. 20. Jacob. S., and M. Anspach: Pulmonary Neoplasia Among Dresden Asbestos Workers. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Set., 132, 538-548, 1905. 21. Klclnfeld, M., J. Messite, and O. Kooyman: Mortality Experience in a Group o( As bestos Workers. Arch. Envir. Health, 15, 177180. 19G7. 22. Knox. J. P., R. S. Doll, and I. D. Hill: Cohort Analysis of Changes In Incidence or Bronchial Carcinoma In a Textile Asbestos Factory. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 132, 526-535, 1905. 2.1. Knox. J. P.. S. Holmes. R. Doll, and I. D. Hill: Mortality from Lung Cancer and Other Causes Among Workers m an Asbestos Textile Factory. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 25. 293-303 1968. 24. Licben. J.: Malignancies in Asbestos Workers. Arch. Enyir. Health, 13, 619-621, 1966. 25. Lynch, K. M,, end W. A. Smith: Pul monary Asbestosts. Ill, carcinoma of Lung in Asbestos-sillcosts. Am. J. cancer, 14, 50-64. 1935. 2$. Mancuso. T. P., and A. A. El-Attar: Mortality Pattern in a Cohort of Asbestos Workers. J. Oceup. Med., 9. 147-162, 1967. 27. McDonald. J. C-. A. D. McDonald. D. W. Gibbs, J. Slemtatyckt. and C. E. Sosstter: Mortality in the Chrysotlla Asbestos Mines amt Mills of Quebec. Arch. Envtr. Health, 22. 677-886. 1971. 23. Merewether, E. R. A.: Asbestosis and Carcinoma of the Lung. In: Annual report of the chief Inspector of factories for the year 1947. London: M. Y. Stationary Office, 1949, 79 pp. 39. Newhouse. M. I.: A Study of the Mor tality or Workers in an Asbestos Factory. Brit. J. Ind Med.. 26. 294-301.1969. SO. Seltkoff I. J.. J. Churg, and E. C. Ham mond: Asbestos Exposure and Neoplasia. tama, las. 22-26. ioc4. 31. Boro v. M.. A. Conston. L. L. Llvorncvc. and N. Schatet: Mesothelioma and Its As:r-o:allon with Asbestos. JAMA. 201, 587-591. 1907. 32. Etmcs. P. C.. W. T. E. McCaughev. ar.d O. L. Wade: Diffuse Mesothelioma oi the Pleura and Asbestos. Brit. Med. J.. 1. 350- ar.3. 1965. 33. Elmes. P. C.. and O. L. Wade: Relation ship Between Exposure to Asbestou and Pleural Malignancy in Belfast. Ann. N.Y. Acad. SOI.. 132. 549-557. 1965. 72. Fntlcknap. J. B.. and W. N. Smlth-r: Peritoneal Tumor th Asbcjtosls. Brit. J. Ind. Med.. 21, 20-31.1984. 35. Fowler, t*. B. 3.. J. C. Sioper. and E. C. Warner: Exposure to Asbcstcx and Mesotheli oma of the Pleura. Brit. Med. J . 2. 211-21 J. 1961. 34. Hammond. E. C.. I. J. Selikoff. si-4 J. Chn.g: Neoplasia Among Insulation Workers m the United Rtates wirh Special Reference to lni.rnab-1otr.tnal Neoplasia. Ann. N.Y. Acaa Set.. 132. 619-623.1965. :.7. Hmirlhane. D. OB.: Tne Patiu-loer or 'li-sothelloma and on Analy.tx of Tlit:r Asoeiailou v-uh Asbestos Exposure TT.oras. 10, 268-278, 1984. 38. Lichen. J., end II. Plstawka: Mev.:he:ionut and Asbestos Exposure. Aich. Envir. Health. 14. f.50-563. 1967. to. .Maun. R. H.. J. L. Or-sl:. and W. O'Donnell: Mesothelioma A-soclated w:i,, Asiiestotls. Cancer, 19, 821-526, 1006. FEDERAL MCISICI, VOl. 38, NO. 4~F*IDAY. AFTti, *, 1973 r* -OO 17,S RULES AND REGULATIONS S823 40. McCauglicy, W. T. E., O. L. tv.idp. and r. C. Elmc*: Exposure tn Asbestos Dust ar.d Diffuse Pleural Mesotheliomas. Brit. Med. J. 2. 1397, 1962. 41. McDonald, A. D.. A. Harper. O. A. El- Attar and J. C. McDonald: Epldemioloity of Primary Malignant Mcsothellal Tumors la Canada. Cancer, 26, 914-919. 1970. 42. Newhouse. M. L,, and H. Thompson: Epidemiology of Mcsothellal Tumors in tho Loudon Area. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Pc!., 132, 579- 588. 1365. 43. Owen, W. O.: MesotUcllal Tumors and Exposure to Asbestos Dust. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sul.. 132. 674-679. 1965. 44. Sclikoff, I. J.. J. Churg, and E. C. Ham mond: Relation Between Exposure to As bestos and Mesothelioma. New Eng. J. Med, 272. 560-565. 19G5. 45. Wright, Q. W.: Asbestos and Health In 1969. Am. Rev. Resp. Dls.. 100. 467-179. 1069. 46. Sclikoff. I. J.. E. C. Hammond, and J. Churg: Asbestos Exposure. Smoking, and Neoplasia. JAMA. 204, 106-112. 1968. 47. Wagner, J. C., C. A. Slogs;, and P. Marchnnd: Diffuse Pleural Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure in the North Western Cape Province. Brit. 3. Ind. Med., 17, 260-2.T, 1960. 48. Champion, P.: Two crises of Malignant Mesothelioma After Exposure to Asbestos. Am. Rev. Resp. Dls., 103, 821-820. 1971. 49. Selikoff, I. J., and E. C. Hammond: En vironmental Epidemiology. III. Community Effects of Nonoccupaticual Environmental Asbestos Exposure. Am. J. Pub. Health, 58, 1658-1666. 1368. 50. Wagner, J.C.: Epidemiology of Diffuse Mcsothellal Tumors: Evidence of an Associa tion from Studies in South Africa and the United Kingdom. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.. 132, 575-578. 1965. 51. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Occupational Exposures to Asbestos (Criteria for a Recommended Standard). Washington, UB. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare (PHS, HSMHA), 1972 (HSM 72-10267). 52. Sclikoff, I. J.. W. J. Nicholson, and A. M. Langer: Asbestos Air Pollution. Arch. Envlr. Health. 25. 1-13, 1972. 53. National Academy of Sciences: Asbestos (The Need for and Feasibility of Air Pollu tion Controls). Washington, National Acad emy of Sciences, 1971. 46 pp. 54. National Inventory of Sources and Emissions--Cadmium. Nickel, and Asbestos. Report by W. E. Davis & Associates under contract to tho Department of Health. Edu cation, and Woirare (Contract No. CPA 2269-131). Feb. 1970. 55. Research Triangle Institute:'Compre hensive Study of Specified Air Pollution Sources to A>scss the Economic Impact of Air Quality Standards--Asbestos. Beryllium, Mer cury. Report prepared under contract to the Environmental Protection Agency (Contract No. 68-02-0088). Aug. 1072. BCXYLUOlf Beryllium Is a hazardous air pollutant within the meaning of section 112. The proven effects of airborne beryllium ma terials on human health Include both acute and chronic lethal Inhalation ef fects (1, 2), os well as skin and conjunc tival effects 12), Insufficient data are available to incriminate beryllium as a human carcinogen a. 2). but the lack of of any mechanism for the total elimina tion of beryllium body burdens, ami the resulting possibly long residence time may enhance the opportunity fc.r cancer induction. Tho Beryllium Reentry now contains over 820 proven cases of beryl lium-related disease (3), buc since many References at end of article. of these were most likely due to exposure prior to the institution of controls, proper assessment of the period of exposure la not always possible <1, 2): It is known, however, that chronic beryllium disease is associated not only with activities in volving exti action processes, but also that 64 registry cases resulted from exposure during machining operations on beryl lium materials (3). There are at least 45 cases of nonoccupat tonallyincurred dis eases on file with the registry, of which approximately half have been fatal (3), and retrospective studies of the concen trations of beryllium that resulted In some cases of chronic beryllium disease from nonoccupational exposure have concluded that the lowest concentration which produced disease was greater than 0.01 /zg/m1 and probably lees than 0.10 (ig'm1 (4). In 1949, when it became apparent that beryllium was a toxic material, the Atomic Energy Commission adopted a limit for beryllium concentrations in community air (i.e.. 0.01 /ig of beryllium per cubic meter of air averaged over a 30dr.y period) (2). Beryllium refining com panies holding contracts with the AEC to operate AEC-owned refinery facilities and expand their own refinery capacity to meet AEC's beryllium requirements, were required to observe the community air limit. With the termination of these contracts in the 1961-63 period due to a reduction in AEC requirements for beryllium, the refineries were no longer subject to the AEC community air limit. The AEC's health and safety require ments. however, have continued to apply to all AEC-owned facilities, some of which fabricate and assemble beryllium parts. In the period since the implementation of the AEC guideline, no reported cases of chronic beryllium disease have oc curred as a result of community exposure, and the Committee on Toxicology of the National Academy of Sciences concluded that the AEC guideline limit represents a safe level of exposure (1). Accordingly, the Administrator has de termined that in order to provide an ample margin of safety to protect the public health from beryllium, sources of beryllium dust. fume, or mist emissions Into the atmosphere should be controlled to Insure that ambient concentrations of beryllium do not exceed 0.01 pg/m1-- 30-day average. The beryllium standard covers extrac tion plants, foundries, ceramic manufac turing plants, machine shops (processing beryllium or beryllium alloys containing in excess of 5 percent beryllium) and disposal of beryllium-containing wastes. Most affected beryllium sources are lim ited to emissions of not more than 10 grams per day. This level was determined through dispersion estimates as the level which would protect aj-uinst the occur rence of 30-day average ambient concen trations exceeding 0.01 :<F'm'. The rouvees covered by the standard are thr only known ones that could result in am bient beryllium concentration, in excess of 0.01 fig.'in -. The assumptions and cqua- tions used to make the dispersion es timates are given in the Background In formation Report for Asbestos. Beryl lium. and Mercury (APTD-0753). pub lished at tlie time the standards were pro;x>sed. Rocket testing facilities are required to meet the limit of 75 micrograni-min utes per cubic meter, accumulated dur ing any period of 2-consecutive weeks. The limit for rocket testing facilities is the same as that developed in 1966 by the Committee on Toxicology of the Na tional Academy of Sciences for protec tion of off-site personnel from intermit tent exposures to soluble beryllium com pounds arising from the firing of rocket motors <1>. The proposed standard did not include a provision on open burning of berylliumcontaining waste. The promulgated standard includes a bon on open burning of beryllium-containing waste. This change was made because information received after proposal indicated that such sources can cause ambient concen trations of beryllium in excess at 0.01 it g/m1 raid because it is not possible to control the emissions from open burning. The promulgated standard does allow disposal of beryllium-containing waste in incinerators which are controlled so as not to exceed the 10-gram-pcr-day limit. The disposal of beryllium-contain ing explosive waste is included in the standard covering rocket testing. The proposed standard would have covered all machining operations which luo alloys containing any amount of be ryllium. Comments were received which claimed that numerous machining opera tions use alloys containing low concen trations of beryllium and do not exceed the 13-gram-per-day emission limita tion. An investigation of these com ments revealed that alloys which include beryllium cither contain a large amount (greater than 60 percent) or a small .amount (less than 5 percent), and that approximately 8,000 machining opera tions use the low beryllium content al loys. Tests were conducted by the Agency to determine the beryllium emissions from the operations which use the low be.-viiium content alloys <e.g. stamping, tube drawing, milling, and sawing*. The results indicated that even if the emis sions were vented to the outside air. which they ordinarily are not. they would be significantly below the 10-gram-pcr- day emission limitation. After consider ing these results and the administrative burden if the standard applied to sucli a large number of sources, the proposed .standard was changed to exempt the machining operations which use allovs containing less than 5-perccnt beryllium. Tiie proposed standard would have al lowed all sources of beryllium to chco.-i between meeting the 10-gram-pcr-d emission limit and complying by ire ambient monitoring to insure that the 0.01 /.g'm' 30-day average is nev:r s- (ceded. After reconsidering the pr--; 1 standard and the difficulty inhtr;--' m u-ing ambient air quality data, f po'ttl to emission data, a* a re ."' ~ had. U was decided to limit Use *: ambient data as a means of cc:::; fEDERAL REC.TER, VOL 30, NO. Ci--MIS 4 V, Al-Kll 4. 1973 (- -OO =177 RULES ANO REGULATIONS to those sources which have demon strated over a reasonable past period that they can meet and'have met the ambient limitation. Therefore, the stand ard being promulgated herein allows the ambient option only to existing sources which have 3 years of current ambient air quality data which demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that the 0.01 Mg/m3 level can be met in the vicinity of the source. A minimum of 3 years of data was judged to be necessary to dem onstrate that the ambient guideline of 0.01 #ig/m3 (30-day average) can be met because of the possibility of monthly, seasonal, and even annual variations ill ambient levels caused by variations in meteorology and production. The exist ing sources which could quality or this option are four beryllium extraction plants and, possibly, a small number of machine shops. These sources were de signed or modified to facilitate compli ance with the 0.01 Mg "m ambient limit. The potential environmental impact of this standard was evaluated ar.ct it was concluded that the standard will not cause any adverse effects. Beryllium is a very expensive material, and most gas streams emitting significant quantities of beryllium are controlled with high ef ficiency dry collectors, and the collected material is recycled or sold back to the primary producers. Wet collectors are rarely used strictly as an air pollution control device, but more often as an ex traction process control device allowing recycle of waste liquids to the process. Absolute filters are often used-as final filters and collect small quantities of beryllium from very low concentration gas streams. These filters are usually buried in company owned or segregated dumps or stored in unused mines or buildings. Most of the solid wastes are prepackaged prior to burial to prevent escape of beryllium to the environment. Although the standard is not based on economic considerations. EPA is aware of the economic impact (5) of the stand ard. Since most of the sources of beryl lium emissions are already controlled and in compliance with the standard, the economic Impact will be very small. RCrCSENCES 1. Committee on Toxicology. National Acad emy of Sciences: Air Quality Critcrln for Beryllium and Its Compounds. Report pre pared under contract to the U-d. Public Health Service (Contract N7onr-291(01)). Washington, March 1.1966. 2. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Occupational Exposure to Beryllium (Criteria for a Recommended Standard). Washington, TIE. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare (PHS, HSMHA). 1072 (HSM 72-10268). 3. Massachusetts General Hospital, C.S. Beryllium Case Registry, Boston, Mass. 4. Etsenhud, M.. R. C. Wants. C. Dust .in. L. T. Steadman. W. B. Harris, and B. S. Wolf: Nonoccupallonal Berylliosis. J. Omt. Ilyg. Toxicol.. 31.282-294,1919. 5. Research Triangle Institute: Compre hensive Study of Speciflcri Air Pollution Sources to Assess the Economic fmnact ot Air Quality Standards--Asbestos. Beryllium. Mer cury. Report prepared tinder contract to the Environmental Protection Agency (Contract No. 68-02-0088). August 1072. MrxctntY Mercury is a hazardous air pollutant within the meaning of section 112. Ex posure to metallic mercury vapors may cause central nervous system injury, and renal damage (J. 3). Experience with mercury vapor comes almost exclusively from animal experiments and industrial cxiKUures. Animal (rat) data indicate a nek of accumulation in critical systems upon prolonged exposure, with a poten tial. tor example, for selective brain dam age (2. 3). Prolonged exposure to about 100 micrograms mercury per cubic meter of air involves a definite risk of mercury intoxication (3). To determine the ambient air level of mercury that does not impair health, the airborne burden must be considered to gether with the water- and food-bome burdens. An expert group concluded, based on its analysis of several episodes of mercury poisoning in Japan, that 4 nncrovrams of methylmercury per kilo gram of bodyweight per day would result hi the intoxication of a sensitive adult; application of a safety factor of 10 yielded an acceptable exposure of about 30 .mi crograms per day for a 70-kilogram man. and this level is also believed to provide satisfactory protection against genetic lesions, and poisoning of the fetus and of children (4). It should be noted that methylmercury is considered to be by far the most haz ardous mercury compound, particularly via the ingestion of fish in which it lias been concentrated through the food chain. (3, S). The Environmental Protec tion Agency, in view of the piescnt lim ited knowledge as to the effects of in haled mercury In the general population, and in order to best assure the requisite "ample margin of safety to protect the public health." has concluded that it is prudent to consider exposures to methylmercury (diet) and mercury vapor (air) to be equivalent and additive. It has been estimated that from average diets, over a considerable period, mercury intakes of 10 micrograms per day may be expected (6). so that, in order to restrict total intake to 30 micrograms per day, the average mercury intake from air would liavc to be limited to 20 micrograms per day. Assuming inhalation of 20 cubic meters of air per day, the air could con tain an average daily concentration of no more than l microgram ot mercury per cubic meter. The standard promulgated herein reg ulates the only two sources, mercury ore processing facilities and mercury cell chlor-alkali plants, which have been found to emit mercury in a manner that could cause the ambient concentration to exceed the Inhalation effects limits of 1 microgram per cubic meter. The stand ard limits emissions from these facilities to not more than 2,300 grams per day. The emission limit of 2.300 grams per day was derived from dispersion esti mates as the level which would protect against the violation of an average daily ambient concentration of l microgmm per cubic meter. The assumptions and References # end of article. equations used to make the dispersion estimates are given in the Background Information Report for Asbestos, Beryllium, and Mercury (APTD-0753). pub lished at the time the standards were proposed. Many mercury cell chlor-alkali plant cell rooms present severe source testing problems due to their design and con struction. Such sources may either recon struct the cell room so that accurate source tests can be made or employ housekeeping and maintenance practices that minimize mercury emissions from the cell room. Source test data and cal culations have indicated that when such practices are used, 1,300 grams per day is a reasonable estimate of emissions from the cell room. Therefore, when this option is chosen, an emission of 1.300 grams per day will be assigned to the cell room. This permits emissions of not more than 1,000 grams per day from the hydro gen and end box ventilation streams com bined. Compliance with the standard will be determined by the EPA reference method or EPA-approvcd substitute methods. Where a chlor-alkali plant chooses the housekeeping and maintenance practices option, determination of compliance of the cell room emission will be based on the use of EPA-approved practices. A list of approved practices may be obtained from EPA on request to regional offices. The only major change in the mercury standard is the Introduction of the above option of assigning an emission number to the coil room provided certain house keeping and maintenance requirements arc met. When this option is chosen, test ing is not required for emissions from the cell room. This option is offered because comments, testimony, and EPA source testing experience indicated that most existing cell rooms cannot be accurately tested for mercury emissions. Accurate emission- tests ere unduly complicated and costly because of the cell room configuration. Some of the changes suggested In writ ten comments and public hearing testi mony were considered by EPA but not made. The most significant one involved the environmental chemistry of mercury, that is. environmental mercury in the at mosphere is transformed to mercuric oxide by the action of ultraviolet radia tion, and since mercuric pxldc is not as toxic as elemental mercury, the stand ard should be less stringent. This argu ment is based on laboratory experiments under controlled conditions with gener ated radiation. The reaction cited in the testimony occurs when elemental mer cury Is it radiated with ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 2.S37 angstrom (A). Naturally occurring ozone in the upper atmosphere absorbs light in the ultra violet region below 3,000 A; 17) lienee the wavelength of ultraviolet necessary for the reaction is absent in the ambient at mosphere. and the reaction does not pro ceed at ns high a rate as implied by the submitted testimony. Field measurements of both mercury vapors and particulate mercury in ambient air indicate that as much n.s 90 percent of the mercury de- FtOltAl trriSTIft, VOl. 3*. NO. 44--FRIDAY, APRU 4, 1923 p-0037 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8825 *'cccted was In an elemental vapor form, do not cause a waste disposal problem (data collected by EPA at the Federal because the sieves can be regenerated Building in Moundsvilie. W. Va.>. in place without retorting and can be The Environmental Protection Agency recognizes that mercury and its com pounds constitute a multimedia contapounds constitute a multimedia contam ination problem, i.c.. strong evidence alter its natural distribution in the en vironment: that such uses may cause or hasten additional deposits into water or soil over and above those occurring naturally, thereby building up environ mental concentrations: and the mercury levels accumulate in the biota, with the result that potentially dangerous residue levels are reached in foods consumed by man and animals. Current data on the environmental transport of mercury do not permit a clear assessment of the effect of mercury emissions into the atmosphere on the mercury content in the aquatic and ter restrial environments. Results of ongoing research will determine if there is a need for more comprehensive control of mer cury emissions into the air. The stand ard promulgated herein is intended to protect the public health from the effects of inhaled mercury. The environmental impact of this standard was evaluated and it was con cluded that the standard will not cause any adverse effects since the control of mercury emissions to the atmosphere will have only minimal impact on other areas of environmental concern. The simplest control for mercury emissions to the atmosphere is cooling to condense the mercury. This cooling can be indirect or direct. By indirect cooling, the mer cury condenses and Is retained for re cycle or sale. By direct cooling with a water scrubber, the water is usually re circulated after using centrifugal or gravitational separation to remove the mercury. The water cannot be reused indefinitely and eventually requires addi reused many times. Although the standard was not based on economic considerations, EPA is aware of the impact ii) and considers It to be reasonable. Because mercury is an international commodity, world prices determine the fortunes of the domestic mercury mining industry. Historically, mercury prices fluctuate greatly in re sponse to small changes in demand or supply. Domestic mercury mines are con-' sidered high-cost producers In relation to foreign producers. Because the average price has dropped from $404 per flask in 1969 to approximately $320 currently, the number of domestic mercury mines in operation has dropped sharply from 109 in 1969 to six or seven in March 1973. As long as the price of mercury remains below marginal costs of production (gen erally about $400>. the remaining domes tic mines will be ill equipped to absorb any cost Increases. The total chlor-alkall industry com prises 68 plants. Approximately 28 are mercury cell plants and account for about 27 percent of the U.S. production of chlorine and caustic. The future of the chlorine-caustic in dustry appears healthy. Demand for chlorine is expected to grow at an annual rate of 6 percent projected from 1971. Demand for caustic soda will grow at least at the same rate as chlorine, and perhaps faster. Prices for chlorine and sodium hydroxide have been rising steadily through the sixties into 1971. Based on these trends, the cost of control to comply with the mercury standard will be passed forward to the consumer. Use of these two basic commodities Is so di verse that any price increases will be well dispersed through all manufacturing activities. RcmsNCCs tional treatment to remove the mercury. 1. Report of on International Committee: In most cases, such treatment facilities are already being utilized to meet water quality standards. A widely used control device for par Maximum Allowable Concentrations of mer cury Compounds. Aren. Envlr. Health. 13.89190S. December 19CS. 2. Clarkson, T. W.: The Pharmacology of Mercury Compounds. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol ticulate mercury emissions is the mist ogy. 12.375-406. 1972. eliminator. Residues in these devices are 3. Pnberg. L.. and J. Vostal (Eds.): Mer removed by gravity and washing with a recycled liquid. Another control method Is chemical scrubbing. In this system, scrubbing liquids are continuously made up while waste materials are usually re cury In the Environment--A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal. Prepared by the Karoltnska Institute Department of En vironmental Hygiene (Stockholm) for the OB. Environmental Protection Agency (Offlce of Air Programs), November 1971. cycled to the process feed solutions. Re 4. Methylniercury m Pish: a Toxicologic- cycling of these liquids avoids significant Epidemiologic Evaluation of Risks. Report contamination of water' with mercury from on expert group. Nord. Kyg. Tlsdkr. residues. The use of adsorption beds is a hiRhly efficient control method for removing mercury from gas streams. Two primary (Stockholm), Supplement 4, 1971 (English translation).; i. Nelson. N.. T. C. Byerly. A. C. Kotbyc. Jr.. L. T. Kurland. R. E. Shapiro. S. I. Shlbko. W. H. Stickle. J. E. Thompson. L. A. Van Den types are available: (1) Chemically Berg, and A. Welssler: Hazards of Mercury treated activated carbon beds, and (2)' (special report to the Secretary's Pom Icicle molecular sieves. Most of the mercury collected by activated carbon can be re claimed by retorting the carbon but this usually destroys the carbon structure and necessitates disposal. Some small Advisory Committee. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. November 1970). Envlr. Res.. 4. 1-C9. 1971. 6. Westdd. O.: Mercury In Foodstuffs--Is There a Great Risk of Poisoning? VAR TODA, 4, 1-6. 19C8. amount of residual mercury will remain 7. Leighton. P. A.: Photochemistry of- Air with the carbon, but It is tightly bound Pollution. Academic Press. 1961. and Is not easily transferred into the air 4. Research Triangle Institute: Compre hensive Study of Specified Air rollutlou or water. Regenerative molecular sieves Sources to Asacss the Economic Impact at Air Quality Standards--Asbestos. Beryllium. Mercury. Report prepared under eontrart to the Environmental Protection Agency (Con tract No. 68-02-0088). August 1972. General Provisions The standards promulgated below are applicable to new, modified, and existing sources. Any new or modified source must comply with the standards upon begin ning operation. Any existing source must comply with the standards within 90 days after promulgation, unless a waiver of compliance is granted. After considering the proposed general provisions and the comments received on them, the Administrator made several changes which are included in the stand ards promulgated below. A new section was added to specifically require new sta tionary sources to notify the Administra tor before beginnning operation. The requirements for source reporting and request.for waiver of compliance were combined into one section. The time for submitting the source report was ex tended from 30 to 90 days to provide sources with more time to complete the information required. Appendix A was added to provide sources a description and format of the information required. The proposed standards required all sources of mercury and beryllium to test their emissions within 3 months of the effective date and at least once every 3 months thereafter: a provision was in cluded to allow the Administrator to waive the periodic tests for sources in compliance with a standard. The stand ards promulgated below require the ini tial test within 90 days of the effective date and include a provision to allow the Administrator to waive this requirement if the source is meeting the standard or has requested a waiver of compliance. Periodic tests are not required unless specifically requested by the Administra tor. The Administrator may cancel a waiver of emission tests and may require a test under the authority of section 114 of the Act at any time. Appendix A speci fics the information which a source must provide the Administrator when applying for a watvor of initial emission testing. The standards promulgated below do not require the owner or operator to request a waiver of compliance before a specific date. However, the owner or op erator should submit the request within 30 days after the effective date of the regulation to be assured that action witl be taken on the waiver application prior to the 90th day after the effective date. Continued operation in excess of a stand ard after the 90tli day without a waiver Is a violation of the act. Tl\e Administrator may grant an exist ing source a waiver, permitting a period of up to 2 years for compliance, provided that steps will be taken during the waiver period to assure that the health of per sons will be protected from imminent endangerment and provided that such period is necessary for the installation of controls. To be granted a waiver of com pliance. a source must submit a write `ii request to the Administrator and pro vide certain information to assist the Administrator in making a judgment. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FSOAY, APRIL 6. 1973 F-OO.17-^ 8926 RULES AND REGULATIONS Within 60 days alter receiving a request, the Administrator will notify the owner or operator of approval or Intention to deny the waiver. Any waiver of com pliance granted by the Administrator will be In writing and specify conditions the source must meet during the waiver period. If the Administrator intends to deny a request, the owner or operator will be given a specified time to provide additional information or arguments prior to final action on the request. Pinal action on a request will be in writing by the Administrator, and if denied, will in clude reasons for denial. The President may exempt any new. modified, or existing stationary source from compliance with the standards for a period of up to 2 years, provided the technology is not available to implement the standards and the cpcraticn of such source is required for reasons of national security. Also, the President may grant exemptions for additional periods of 2 years or less. The construction of a new source or modification of an existing source cov ered by these standards cannot begin without approval of the Administrator. To obtain approval, the owner or opera tor of such sources must apply In writing to the Administrator. Within 60 days, the Administrator will notify the owner or operator of approval or intention to deny approval. If the Administrator in tends to deny approval, a specified time will be given to provide additional infor mation or arguments prior to final action on the application. The final action on any application will be In writing by the Administrator, and if denied, will In clude the reasons for denial. Although the demolition of buildings or structures containing asbestos ma terial and the spraying of asbestos ma terial will in many cases be modifications of existing stationary sources, the Ad ministrator's approval is not required be fore beginning such operations. Section 112(c)(1) of the act specifies that no person may construct any new source or modify any existing source'** * * unless the Administrator finds that such source if properly operated will not cause emis sions in violation of such standard." The demolition and spraying provisions are expressed in terms of procedures to be followed. Therefore. If the source is prop erly operated. It will be complying with the standard, and there Is no need for the Administrator to make a finding with respect to each new source subject to these provisions. Each source covered by these stand ards is required to submit to the Admin istrator' within 90 days after promulga tion certain information pertaining to its operation. Changes in the information must be submitted within 30 days after the change, except where the change is considered a modification. Then the re quirements for a modified source arc applicable. Three terms are associated with deter mining compliance by means of source testing: (1) Reference method, <2> equivalent method, and (3) alternative method. Reference methods arc the pre ferred methods of sampling and analyz ing used to determine compliance. The reference methods for beryllium and mercury are included in appendix B to this part. An equivalent method Is any method of sampling and analyzing which has been demonstrated to the Admin istrator's satisfaction to have a con sistent and quantitatively known rela tionship to the reference method under specified conditions. An alternative method is any method of sampling and analyzing which does not meet all the criteria for equivalency but which can be used in specific cases to determine com pliance. Alternative methods may be ap proved by the Administrator for source testing: however, in cases where deter minations of compliance using an alter native method are disputed, use of the reference method or its equivalent will be required by the Administrator. An ap proved alternative method for beryllium is included in appendix B hereto. All emission data provided to or ob tained by the Administrator in carrying out these regulations will be available to the public. Records, reports, or informa tion other than trade secrets will be available to the public. Pursuant to section 112(d)(1) of the act, the Environmental Protection Agency intends to delegate the author ity to implement and enforce national emission standards (except with respect to stationary sources owned or operated by the United States) for hazardous air pollutants to any State which submits an adequate procedure to the Administrator. The requisite procedure for requesting such delegation will be issued in the future by the Environmental Protection Agency. The regulations for the national emis sion standards for asbestos, beryllium, and mercury are hereby promulgated ef fective upon promulgation (April 6. 1973). Dated: March 30. 1973. Roam* W. Fur, Acting Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. A new Part 61 Is added to Chapter 1, Title 40. Code of Federal Regulations, as follows: Subpart A--Ganaral Previsions See. 81.01 Applicability. 61.03 Definitions. 61.03 Abbreviations. 61.04 Address. 61.06 Prohibited activities. 61.06 Determination of conatructon or modification. 61.07 Application for approval of construc tion or modification. 61.06 Approval by Administrator. 61.09 Notification of startup. 61.10 Sourca reporting and waiver request. Gl.ll Waiver of compliance. 61.13 Emission tests and monitoring. 61.13 Waiver of emlsalon tests. 61.14 Sourca test and analytical methods. 61.19 AvaUablllty of information. 61.16 State authority. Subpart b--Natlanal Cmltalan Standard far Asbastaa 61.30 Applicability. 61.31 Definitions. See. 61 22 61.23 61.24 Emission standard. Air cleaning. Reporting. Subpart C--National Cmlssisn Standard for beryllium 61.30 6U1 61.32 61.33 61.34 Applicability. Definitions. Emission standard. Stack sampling. Air sampling. Subpart O--National Emission Standard for Beryllium Rocket Meter Firing 61.40 Applicability. 61.41 Definitions. 61.42 Emission standard. 61.43 Emission testing--rocket firing or pro pellant disposal. 61.44 Stock sampling. Subpart E--National Emission Standard for Mercury 61.50 AppltcabUlty. 61.51 Definitions. 61.52 Emission standard. 61.53 Stack sampling. Appendix A--Compliance Status Information. Appendix B--Test'Methods. Method 101--Reference method for determi nation of particulate and gaseous mercury emissions from stationary sources (air streams). Method 102--Reference method for determi nation of particulate and gaseous mercury emissions from stationary sources (hydro gen streams). Method 103--Beryllium screening method. Method 104--Reference method for determi nation of beryllium emissions from stattonary sources. Authority: 42 VS.C. 1837C-7. Subpart A---General Provisions 61.01 Applicability. The provisions of this part apply to the owner or operator of any stationary source for which a standard Is prescribed under this part. 61.02 Definitions. As used in this part, all terms not de fined herein shall have the meaning given them In the act: (a) "Act" means the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 1857 etseq.). <b> "Administrator" means the Ad ministrator of the Environmental Pro tection Agency or his authorized repre sentative. (c) "Alternative method" means any method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant which does not meet ail of the criteria for equivalency but which has been demonstrated to the Administra tor's satisfaction to. in specific cases, pro duce results adequate for his determina tion of compliance. <d) "Commenced" means that an own er or operator has undertaken a con tinuous program of construction or modification or that an owner or operator has entered into a contractual obligation to undertake and complete, within a rea sonable time, a continuous program of construction or modification. <e> "Compliance schedule" means the date or dates by which a source or cate gory of sources is required to comply with tho standards of this part and with any steps toward such compliance which are set forth in a waiver of compliance under f 81.11. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 31, NO. 46--FRIDAY, AFRIL 4, 1473 F-00380 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8827 (fi "Construction" means fabrication, erection, or installation of a stationary source. (g> "Effective date" Is the date of promulgation in the Federal Register of an applicable standard or other regu lation under this part. ih> "Equivalent method" means any method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant which has been demon strated to the Administrator's satisfac tion to have a consistent and quantita tively known relationship to the reference method, under specified conditions. <t' "Existing source" means any sta tionary source which is not a new source. ij > "Modification" means any physical change in. or change in the method of operation of, a stationary source which increases the amount of any hazardous air pollutant emitted by such source or which results in the emission of any hazardous air pollutant not previously emitted, except chat: (1) Routine maintenance, repair, and replacement shall not be considered physical changes, and (2) The following shall not be con sidered a change in the method of operation: <i) An Increase in the production rate, if such increase does not exceed the op erating design capacity of the stationary source: <ii) An increase in hours of operation, (k) "New source" means any stationary source, the construction or modification of which is commenced after the publi cation in the Federal Recister of pro posed national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants which will be applicable to such source. O' "Owner or operator" means any person who owns, leases, operates, con trols. or supervises a stationary source. (m> "Reference method" means any method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant, as described in ap pendix B to this part. (n) "Startup" means the setting in operation of a stationary source for any purpose. <o> "Standard" means a national emission standard for a hazardous air pollutant proposed or promulgated under this part. <p> "Stationary source" means any building, structure, facility, or installa tion which emits or may emit any air pollutant which has been designated as hazardous by the Administrator. - 61.03 Abbreviations. The abbreviations used In this part have the following meanings: *C--Degrees Contigrada. cfm--Cubic feet per minute. fi!--Square feet, ft'--Cubic feet. F--Degrees Fahrenheit, in--Inch. 1--Liter, ml--Milliliter. M--Molar, m'--Cubic meter, nm--Nanometer, oz--Ounces. v/v--Volume per volume. yd:--Square yards, w.g.--Water gage. inHg--Inches of mercury. inH O--Inches of water, g--Grams, mg--Milligrams. N--Normal. R--Degree Rankine. min--Minute sec--Second, avg.--Average. I.D.--Inside diameter. O.D.--Outside diameter. g--Micrograms (10" gram). --Percent. Hg--Mercury. Be--Beryllium. 61.01 Address. All requests, reports, applications, sub mittals. and other communications to the Administrator pursuant to this part shall be submitted in duplicate and ad dressed to the appropriate regional office of the Environmental Protection Agency, to the attention of the Director. Enforce ment Division. The regional offices are as follows: Region I (Connecticut, Maine, Massa chusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island. Vermont*. John F. Kennedy Federal Building. Boston. Mass. 02203.. Region II (New York. New Jersey. Puerto Rico. Virgin Islands), Federal Office Building. 26 Federal Plaza (Foley Square), New York, N.Y. 10007. Region HI (Delaware. District of Co lumbia. Pennsylvania. Maryland. Vir ginia, West Virginia). Curtis Building. Sixth and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia. Pa. 19106. Region IV (Alabama, Florida. Georgia. Mississippi. Kentucky, North Carolina. South Carolina. Tennessee). Suite 300. 1421 Peachtree Street. Atlanta, Ga. 30309. Region V (Illinois. Indiana. Minne sota. Michigan. Ohio, Wisconsin). 1 North Wacker Drive. Chicago. III. 60606. Region VI (Arkansas. Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma. Texas), IC00 Pater son Street, Dallas. Tex. 7S20I. Region VII (Iowa. Kansas. Missouri. Nebraska'. 1735 Baltimore Street. Kan sas City. Mo. 64103. Region VIII (Colorado. Montana. North Dakota. South Dakota, Utah. Wy oming'. 916 Lincoln Towers. I860 Lin coln Street. Denver, Colo. 80203. Region IX (Arizona, California. Hawaii. Nevada. Guam. American Samoa'. 100 California Street. San Francisco. Calif. 94111. Region X (Washington. Oregon. Idaho, Alaska). 1200 .Sixth Avenue, Seattle. Wash. 98101. 61.03 Prohibited activities. (a) After the effective date of any standard prescribed under this part, no owner or operator shall construct or mod ify any stationary source subject to such standard without first obtaining written approval of the Administrator in accord ance with this subpnrt, except under an exemption granted by the President under section 112(0(2) of the act. Sources, the construction or modification of which commenced after the publica tion date of the standards proposed to be applicable to such source, are subicct to this prohibition. (b> After the effective date of any standard prescribed under this part, no owner or operator shall operate any new source in violation of sucii standard ex cept under an exemption granted by the President under section 112(c; (2) of the act. (c> Ninety days after the effective date of any standard prescribed under this part, no owner or operator shall operate any existing stationary source in viola tion of such standard, except under a waiver granted by the Administrator in accordance with this subpart or under an exemption granted by the President under section 112(c) (2> of the act. <d) No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this part shall fail to report, revise reports, or report source test results as required under this part. 61.06 Determination of construction or modification. Upon written application by an owner or operator, the Administrator will make a determination of whether actions taken or intended to be taken by such owner or operator constitute construction or modification or the commencement thereof within the meaning of this part. The Administrator will within 30 days of receipt of sufficient information to evaluate an application, notify the owner or operator of his determination. 61.07 Application for approval of construction or modification. (a) The owner or operator of any new source to which a standard prescribed under this part is applicable shall, prior to the date on which construction or modification is planned to commence, or within 30 days after the effective date' in the case of a new source that already has commenced construction or modifi cation and has not begun operation, sub mit to the Administrator an application for approval of such construction or modification. A separate application shall be submitted for each stationary source. (b> Each application shall include: (1 > The name and address of the ap plicant. (2) The location or proposed location of the source. (3> Technical information describing the proposed nature, size, design, operat ing design capacity, and method of oper ation of the source, including a descrip tion of any equipment to be used for control of emissions. Such technical in formation shall include calculations of emission estimates in sufficient detail to permit assessment of the validity of such calculations. 61.Olt Approval hy Administrator. <a> The Administrator will, within 60 days of receipt of sufficient information to evaluate an application under $ 61.07. notify the owner or operator of approval or intention to deny approval of con struction or modification. (l If the Administrator determines tlmt a stationary source for which an No. so--pt. u-----a FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 3. NO. 64--FRIOAT. APRIl 6, 1*73 F-OO.ISsi  fl*2S RULES AND REGULATIONS application pursuant to } 61.07 was sub mitted will, if properly operated, not cause emissions in violation of a stand ard. he will approve the construction or modification of such source. (c) Prior to denying any application for approval of construction or modifica tion pursuant to this section, the Admin istrator will notify the owner or operator making such application of the Admin istrator's intention to issue such denial, together with: (1) Notice of the information and findings on which such intended denial is based, and (2) Notice of opportunity for such owner or operator to present, within such time limit as the Administrator shall specify, additional information or argu ments to the Administrator prior to final action on such application. <d> A final determination to deny any application for approval will be in writ ing and will set forth the specific grounds on which such denial is based. Such final determination will be made within 60 days of presentation of additional infor mation or arguments, or 60 days after the final date specified for presentation, if no presentation is made. <e) Neither the submission cf an ap plication for approval nor the Admin istrator's granting of approval to con struct or modify shall: (1) Relieve an owner or operator of legal responsibility for compliance with any applicable provision of tins part or of any other applicable Federal. State, or local requirement, or (2) Prevent the Administrator from Implementing or enforcing this part or taking any other action under the act. 61.09 Notification of Murtup, fa) Any owner or operator of a source which has an initial startup after the effective date of a standard prescribed under this part shall furnish the Admin istrator written notification as follows: (1) A notification of the anticipated date of Initial startup of the source not more than 60 days nor less than 30 days prior to such date. (2) A notification of the actual date of initial startup of the source within 15 days after such date. 61.10 Source reporting anti waiver re quest. (a) The owner or operator of any existing source, or any new source to which a standard prescribed under this part is applicable which had an initial startup which preceded the effective date of a standard prescribed under this part shall, within 90 days after the effective date, provide the following information in writing to the Administrator: tl> Name and address of the owner or operator. (2) The location of the source. f3) The type of hazardous pollutants emitted by the stationary source. (4) A brief description of the nature, size, design, and method of operation of the stationary source including the op erating design capacity of such source. Identify each point of emission for each hazardous pollutant. (5) The average weight per month of the hazardous materials being processed by the source, over the last 12 months preceding the date of the report. <6; A description of the existing con trol equipment for each emission poms. <i> Primary control device*si for each hazardous pollutant. <ii> Secondary control device(s) for each hazardous pollutant. <iii> Estimated control efficiency fper cent) for each control device. (7) A statement by the owner or oper ator of the source as to whether he can comply with the standards prescribed- in this part within 90 days of the effective date. <b) The owner or operator of an exist ing source unable to operate in compli ance with any standard prescribed under this part may request a waiver of com pliance with such standard for a period not exceeding 2 years from the effective date. Any request shall be in writing and shall include the following information: il) A description of the controls to be installed to comply with the standard. <2> A compliance schedule, including the date each step toward compliance will be reached. Such list shall include as a minimum the following dates: li) Date by which contracts for emis sion control systems or process modifica tions will be awarded, or date by which orders will be issued for the purchase of component parts to accomplish emis sion control or process modification: iii) Date cf initiation of onsite con struction or installation of emission con trol equipment or process change: <iii) Date by which onsite construc tion or installation of emission control equipment or process modification is to be completed; and <iv) Date by which final compliance is to be achieved. <3) A description of interim emission control steps which will be taken during the waiver period. <c) Changes in the information pro vided under paragraph (a) of this section shall be provided to the Administrator within 30 days after such change, except that if changes will result from modifica tion of the source, as defined in 3 61.02 (j). the provisions of S 61.07 and 3 61.08 are applicable. <d> The format for reporting under this section is included as appendix A of this part. Advice on reporting the status of compliance may be obtained from the Administrator. 61.11 Waiver of compliance. in) Based on the information provided in any request under 3 61.10. or other in formation. the Administrator may grant a waiver of compliance with a standard for a period not exceeding 2 years from the effective date of such standard. <b> Such waiver will be in writing and will: 1> Identify the stationary source covered. 2) Specify the termination date of the waiver. The waiver may be termi nated st an earlier date if the conditions specified under paragraph (b) (3) of this section are not met. <3) Specify dates by which steps to ward compliance are to be taken; and impose such additional conditions as the Administrator determines to be neces sary to assure installation of the neces sary controls within the waiver period, and to assure protection of the health of persons during the waiver period. <c) Prior to denying any request for a waiver pursuant to this section, the Administrator will notify the owner or operator making such request of the Ad ministrator's intention to issue such denial, together with: (1) Notice of the information and findings on which such intended denial is based, and (2) Notice of opportunity for such owner or operator to present, within such time limit as the Administrator specifies, additional information or argu ments to the Administrator prior to final action on such request. cd> A final determination to deny any request for a waiver will be in writing and will set forth, the specific grounds on which such deniai is based. Such final determination will be made within 60 days after presentation of additional in formation or arguments, or 60 days after the final date specified for such presen tation. if no presentation is made. (e) The granting of a waiver under this section shall not abrogate the Ad ministrator's authority under section 114 of the act. 61.12 Emission test* and monitoring. fa) Emission tests and monitoring shall be conducted and reported as set forth in-this part and appendix B to tins part. <b) The owner or operator of a new source subject to this part, and at the request of the Administrator, the owner or operator of an existing source sub ject to this part, shall provide or cause to be provided, emission testing facili ties as follows: (1) Sampling ports adequate for te*t methods applicable to such source. <2> Safe sampling platform<s>. <3i Safe access to. sampling platform<s>. <4) Utilities for sampling and testing equipment. 61.13 Waiver of emission tests. <a) Emission tests may be waived upon written application to the Admin istrator if, in his judgment, the source is meeting the standard, or if the source is operating under a waiver of compliance or has cequested a waiver of compliance <b) XI application for waiver cl i!;-: emisrion test is made, such application shall accompany the information re quired by 5 61.10. The appropriate form is contained in appendix A to this part. c> Approval of any waiver granted pursuant to this section shall not abro gate the Administrator's authority under the act or in any way prohibit the Ad ministrator from later canceling Mi-:t wiwver. Such cancellation will be m.de c:il/ after notice Is given to the ov.n-r or operator of the source. tEoiiAi eg>:;:r, vol 30. no. ss-- ra:oAY, Arm 4, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8S29 * 61.1-t Source test and analytical inrlit- Subpart B--National Emission Standard installation, or portion thereof which odi. for Asbestos contains any boiler, pipe, or load-sup- (a) Methods 101. 102. and 104 In ap pendix B to this part shall be used for all source tests required under this part, unless an equivalent method or an al ternative method has been approved by the Administrator. <b) Method 103 in appendix B to this part is hereby approved by the Admin istrator as an alternative method lor sources subject to 61.32(a) and 61.42 ib>. .61.20 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to those sources specified, in 5 61.22. 61.21 Definitions. Terms used in this subpart are defined in the act, in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: <ai "Asbestos" means actinollte. amosite. anthophyllite. chrysotile, crocidohte. porting structural member that is insu lated or fireproofed with friable asbestos material shall comply with the require ments set forth in this paragraph. (1) Notice of intention to demolish shall be provided to the Administrator at least 20 days prior to commencement of such demolition or anytime prior to commencement of demolition subject to paragraph (d)(4) of this section. Such notice shall Include the following information: tc> The Administrator may. after no tice to the owner or operator, withdraw approval of an alternative method granted under paragraph (a' or <b> of this section. Where the test results using an alternative method do not adequately indicate whether a source is in compli ance with a standard, the Administrator may require the use of the reference method or its equivalent. 61.15 Availability of information. (a) Emission data provided to. or oth erwise obtained by, the Administrator in accordance with the provisions of this part shall be available to the public. (b) Any records, reports, or informa tremolite. tbi "Asbestos material" means as bestos or any material containing as bestos. <c> "Particulate asbestos material" means finely divided particles of asbestos material. id) "Asbestos tailings" means any solid waste product of asbestos mining or milling operations which contains as bestos. (e' "Outside air" means the air out side buildings and structures. <f> "Visible emissions" means any emissions which are visually detectable without the aid of instruments and which contain particulate asbestos material. (i> Name of owner or operator. (li) Address of owner or operator. (lit) Description of the building, struc ture, facility, or installation to be de molished. (iv) Address or location of the build ing. structure, facility or installation. iv) Scheduled starting and completion dates of demolition. (vi) Method of demolition to be em ployed. (vii) Procedures to be employed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. (2) The following procedures shall be used to prevent emissions of particulate asbestos material to outside air: (i) Friable asbestos materials, used to tion, other than emission data, provided 61.22 Emission standard. insulate or fireproof any boiler, pipe, or to. or otherwise obtained by. the Admin istrator in accordance with the provisions of this part shall be available to the pub lic, except that upon a showing satisfac tory to the Administrator by any person that such records, reports, or informa tion, or particular part thereof (other than emission data', if made public, would divulge methods or processes en titled to protection as trade secrets of such person, the Administrator will con sider such records, reports, or informa tion. or particular part thereof, confi dential in accordance with the purposes of section 1905 of title 18 of the United States Code, except that sucli records, re ports. or information, or particular part thereof, may be disclosed to other officers, employees, or authorized representatives of the United States concerned with car rying out the provisions of the act or when, relevant In any proceeding under the act. 61.16 Slate authority. (a) The provisions of this part shall not be construed in any manner to pre 'a' Asbestos mills: There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air from any asbestos mill except as provided in paragraph <fi of this section. Outside storage of asbestos materials Is not con sidered a part of an asbestos mill. bi Roadways: The surfacing of road ways with asbestos tailings is prohibited, except for temporary roadways on an area of asbestos ore deposits. The deposi tion of asbestos tailings on roadways cov ered with snow or ice is considered "sur facing." 'c Manufacturing: There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air, ex cept as provided in paragraph <f> of this section, from any building or struc ture in which the following operations are conducted or directly from any of the following operations if they are con ducted outside of buildings or structures. <i> The manufacture of cloth, cord, wicks, tubing, tape, twine, rope, thread, yam. roving, lap, or other textile ma terials. <2 The manufacture of cement prod ucts. load-supporting structural member, shall be wetted and removed from any build ing. structure, facility, or installation subject to this paragraph before wreck ing of load-supporting structural mem bers is commenced. The friable asbestos ' debris shall be wetted adequately to in sure that such debris remains wet during all stages of demolition and related han dling operations. <ii) No pipe or load-supporting struc tural member that is covered with fri able asbestos insulating or fireproofing material shall be dropped or thrown to the ground from any building, structure, facility, or installation subject to this - paragraph, but shall be carefully low ered or taken to ground level. iii No friable asbestos debris shall be dropped or thrown to the ground from any building, structure, facility, or in stallation subject to this paragraph or from any floor to any floor below. For buildings, structuresi facilities, or in stallations. 50 feet or greater in height, friable asbestos debris shall be trans ported to the ground via dust-tight clude any State or political subdivision thereof from: (1) Adopting and enforcing any emis sion limiting regulation applicable to a (3) The manufacture of fireproofing and insulnting materials. <4 The manufacture of friction products. <51 The manufacture of paper, mill- chutes or containers. 3) Sources subject to this paragraph are exempt from the requirements of ii 61.05<a>. 61.07. and 61.09. (4) Any owner or operator of a d"Hi- stationary source, provided that such board. and felt. tton operation who intends to t!er..e;:*h a emission limiting regulation Is not less <6> The manufacture of floor tile. building, structure, facility, or ::: stringent than the standards prescribed under this part. (2) Requiring the owner or operator, (7) The manufacture of paints, coat tion to which the provisions of :is- : *; ings. caulks, adhesives, sealants. graph would be applicable but wh.us ii.:s 8) The manufacture of plastics and. been declared by proper State or : .<1 rubber materials. ^ authority to be structurally un-our.^.. :<! of a stationary source, other than a sta '9> The manufacture of chlcrine.^n which is in danger of imminent >. e tionary source owned or operated by the u'.< Demolition: Any owner or opera is exempt from the requirement.--. United States, to obtain permits, licenses, or approvals prior to initialing construc tion. modification, or operation of such source. tor of a demolition operation who Intends to demolish any institutional, commer cial. or industrial building (Including npartment buildings having more 'than four dwelling units), structure, facility. paragraph other than the rei:o::.:-g re quirements specified by paran . M` of thu section snd the friable asbestos debris as .-i * r " pm* graph (di i3) <i) of the- **<(. ffOCtAl IfG.-STM, VOL 3S, NO. 66--FDIOAY, APIIl 6, 1973 F~00383 "ssno RULES AND REGULATIONS (e) Spraying: There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air trom the spray-on application- of materials con taining more than 1 percent asbestos, on a dry weight basis, used to insulate or fireproof equipment and machinery, ex cept as provided in paragraph if) of this section. Spray-on materials used to insu late or fireproof buildings, structures, pipes, and conduits shall contain less than 1 percent asbestos on a dry weight basis. (1) Sources subject to this paragraph are exempt from the requirements of f 61.05ia), 5 61.07, and 5 61.09. (2) Any owner or operator who intends to spray asbestos materials to insulate or fireproof buildings, structure.--, pipe?, con duits, equipment, and machinery shall report such Intention to the administra tor at least 20 days prior to the com mencement of the spraying operation. Such report shall include the following Information: (i) Name of owner or operator. (ii) Address of owner or operator. (iii) Location of spraying operation. (iv) Procedures to be followed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. (f) Rather than meet the no-visibleemission requirements of paragraphs (a). (c), and (e) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to use the methods specified by 5 61.23 to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before such emissions escape to. or are vented to, the outside air. 61.23 Air-cIcaning. If air-clenning is elected, as permit ted by 5 61.22(f), the requirements of this section must be met. (a) Fabric filter collection devices must be used, except as noted in para graphs <b) and (c) of this section. Such devices must be operated at a pressure drop of no more than 4 inches water gage, as measured across the filter fabric. The airflow permeability, as determined by ASTM method D737-69. must not exceed 30 ft'/min/ft3 for woven fabrics or 35 ft'/min/ft5 for felted fabrics, except that 40 ft3/min/ft3 for woven and 43 ft'/ min/ft* for felted fabrics Is allowed for filtering air from asbestos ore dryers. Each square yard of felted fabric must weigh at least 14 ounces and be at least one-sixteenth Inch thick throughout. Synthetic fabrics must not contain fill yam other than that which is spun. (b) If the use of fabric filters creates a fire or explosion hazard, the adminis trator may authorize the use of wet col lectors designed to operate with a unit contacting energy of at least 40 inches water gage pressure. (c) The administrator may authorize the use of filtering equipment other than that described in paragraphs (a> and (b> of this section if the owner or operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the administrator that the filtering of pnrliculate asbestos material is equivalent to that of the described equipment. <d> All air-cleaning equipment au thorized by this section must be protwrlv installed, used, operated, and maintained. Bypass devices may be used only during upset or emergency conditions and then only for so long as It takes to shut down the operation generating the particulate asbestos material. 61.21 Reporting. The owner or operator of any existing source to which this subpart is applicable shall, within 90 days after the effective date, provide the following information to the administrator: (a> A description of the emission con trol equipment used for each process; <b> If a fabric filter device is used to control emissions, the pressure drop across the fabric filter in inches water gage. il) If the fabric filter device utilizes a woven fabric, the airflow permeability in ftYmin/t't;; and. if the fabric is syn thetic. indicate whether the fill yarn is spun cr not spun. (2) If the fabric filter device utilizes a felted fabric, the density in oz/yds, the minimum thickness in inches, and the airflow permeability in ft7min/ft!. io Such information shall accompany the information required by 61.10. The appropriate form is contained in appen dix A to this part. Subpart C--National Emission Standard for Beryllium 61.30 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart arc ap plicable to the following stationary sources: (a) Extraction plans, ceramic plants, foundries, incinerators, and propellant plants which process beryllium ore, beryl lium. beryllium oxide, beryllium alloys, or beryllium-containing waste. (b> Machine shops which process beryllium, beryllium oxides, or any alloy when such alloy contains more than 5 percent beryllium by weight. 61.31 Definitions. Terms used In this subpart are de fined in the act, in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: <a> "Beryllium" means the element beryllium. Where weights or concentra tions are specified, such weights or-con centrations apply to beryllium only, excluding the weight or concentration of any associated elements. (b> "Extraction plant" means a fa cility chemically processing beryllium ore to beryllium metal, alloy, or oxide, or performing any of the Intermediate steps in these processes. ( "Beryllium ore" means any natu rally occurring material mined or gathered for its beryllium content. (d> "Machine shop" means,a facility performing cutting, grinding, turnim. honing, milling, deburring. lapping, electrochemical machining, etching, or other similar operations. (c> "Ceramic plant" means a manu facturing plant producing ceramic items. <f> "Foundry" means a facility en gaged in the melting or casting of beryllium metal or alloy. (gi `Beryllium-containing waste" means material contaminated with beryllium and/or beryllium compounds used or generated during any process or operation performed bv a source subject to this subpart. (h) "Incinerator" means any furnace used In the process of burning waste for the primary purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing com bustible matter. (i> "Propellant" means a fuel and oxi dizer physically or chemically combined which undergoes combustion to provide rocket propulsion. (j) "Beryllium alloy" means any metal to which beryllium has been added in order to increase its beryllium content and which contains more than 0.1 per cent beryllium by weight. ik) "Propellant plant" means any facility engaged in the mixing, casting, or machining of propellant. 61.32 Emission standard. (a) Emissions to the atmosphere from stationary sources subject to the provi sions of this subpart shall not exceed 10 grams of beryllium over a 24-hour period, except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section. <b> Rather than meet the require ment of paragraph (a) of this section, an owner or operator may request ap proval from the Administrator to meet an ambient concentration limit on beryl lium in the vicinity of the stationary source of 0.01 jig/m3, averaged over a 30-day period. (1) Approval of such requests may be granted by the Administrator provided that: <i> At least 3 years of data is avail able which in the judgment of the Ad ministrator demonstrates that the fu ture ambient concentrations of beryllium in the vicinity of the stationary source will not exceed 0.01 jig/m3. averaged over a 30-day period. Such 3-year period shall be the 3 years ending 30 days before the effective date of this standard. <U) The owner or operator requests such approval In writing within 30 days after the effective date of this standard. i iii) The owner or operator submits a report to the Administrator within 45 days after the effective date of this standard which report includes the folr lowing information: in) Description of sampling method including the method and frequency of calibration. (b) .Method of sample analysis. <c> Averaging technique for determin ing 30-day average concentrations. (<f) Number, identity, and location (address, coordinates, or distance and heading from plant) of sampling sites. <r> Ground elevations and height above ground of sampling inlets. </) Plant and sampling area plots showing emission points and sampling sites. Topographic features significantly affecting dispersion including plant building heights and locations shall be included. >g> Information necessary for esti mating dispersion including stack lieiulu. Inside diameter, exit gas temperature, exit velocity or flow rate, and beryllium concentration. i/u A description of data and proce dures (methods or models) used to de sign the air sampling network < i o.. num ber and location of sampling sites . FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl. 31, NO. *--FRIDAY, APRIL 4. 1973 F-00.1*4 RULES ANO REGULATIONS 8831 (I) Air sampling data indicating beryl In accordance with a plan approved by before the close of the next business day lium concentrations in the vicinity of the the Administrator. Such sites shall be following determination of such results. stationary source for the 3-year period located in such a manner as is calculated (c) Records of air sampling test results specified in paragraph <b)<l; of this to detect maximum concentrations of and other data needed to determine in section. This data shall be presented bervllium in the ambient air. tegrated intermittent concentrations chronologically and include the beryl 'b) All monitoring sites shall be op shall be retained at the source and made lium concentration and location of each erated continuously except for a reason available, for inspection by the Admin individual sample taken by the network able time allowance for instrument main istrator. for a minimum of 2 years. and the corresponding 30-clay average tenance and calibration, for changing (d) The Administrator shall be noti beryllium concentrations. filters, or for replacemet of equipment fied at least 30 days prior to an air sam <2) Within 60 days after receiving r.ccding major repair. pling test, so that he may at his option such report, the Administrator will notify ic> Filters shall be analyzed and con observe the test. the owner or operator in writing whether approval is granted or denied. Prior to centrations calculated within 30 days after filters arc collected. Records of 61.14 Stark sampling. denying approval to comply with the pro concentrations at all sampling sites and (a) Sources subject to J 61.42cb shall visions of paragraph <b> of this section, other data needed to determine such con be continuously sampled, during release the Administrator will consult with centrations shall be retained at the source of combustion products from the tank, in representatives of the stationary source and made available, for inspection by the such a manner that compliance with the for which the demonstration report was Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. standards can be determined. The pro submitted. (d) Concentrations measured at all visions of 61.14 shall apply. (c) The burning of beryllium and/or sampling sites shall be reported to the (b) All samples shall be analyzed, and beryllium-containing waste, except pro Administrator every 30 days by a regis beryllium emissions shall be determined pellants, is prohibited except in incinera tered letter. within 30 days after samples are taken tors, emissions from which must comply (e) The Administrator may at any time and before any subsequent rocket motor with the standard. require changes in. or expansion of, the firing or propellant disposal at the given 61.33 Stark sampling. sampling network. site. AU determinations shall be reported (a) Unless a waiver of emission testing Subpart D--National Emission Standard is obtained under ! 61.13, each owner or for Beryllium Rocket Motor Firing operator required to comply with 61.40 Applicability. S 61.32(a) shall test emissions from his source. (1) Within 90 days of the effective The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to rocket motor test sites. date in the case of an existing source or 61.41 Definitions. .a new source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date; or (2) Within 90 days of startup in the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the ef fective date. (b) The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test so that he may at his option observe the test. Terms used in this subpart are defined - in the Act. in Subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: (a) "Rocket motor test site" means any building, structure, facility, or installa tion where the static test firing of a beryllium rocket motor and/or the dis posal of beryllium propellant is conducted. (c) Samples shall be taken over such a (b) "Beryllium propellant" means any period or periods as are necessary to ac propellant incorporating beryllium. curately determine the maximum emis 61.12 Emission standard. sions which will occur in any 24-hour period. Where emissions depend upon tlie relative frequency of operation of differ ent types of processes, operating hours, operating capacities, or other factors, (a) Emissions to the atmosphere from rocket-motor test sites shall not cause time-weighted atmospheric concentra tions of beryllium to exceed 75 micro- the calculation of maximum 24-hour- perlod emissions will be based on that combination of factors which is likely to gram minutes per cubic meter of air within the limits of 10 to 60 minutes, accumulated during any 2 consecutive occur during the subject period andwhlch result in the maximum emissions. weeks, in any area in which an effect adverse to public health could occur. No changes in the operation shall be (b) If combustion products from tiie made, which would potentially increase firing of beryllium propellant arc col emissions above that determined by the lected in a closed tank, emissions from most recent source test, until a new emis such tank shall not exceed 2 grams per sion level has been estimated by calcula hour and a maximum of 10 grams per tion and the results reported to the Ad day. ministrator. (d) All samples shall be analyzed and beryllium emissions shall be determined within 30 days after the source test. All determinations shall be reported to the Administrator by a registered letter dis patched before the close of the next busi ness day following such determination. <e) Records of emission test results and other data needed to determine total 61.43 Emiwinn testing--rwket firing or prnprlliinl <lipn*al. (a> Ambient air concentrations shall be measured during and after firing of a rocket motor or propellant disposal and in such a manner that the effect of these emissions can be compared with the standard. Such sampling techniques shall be approved by the Administrator. emissions shall be retained at the :.ourcc <b> All samples shall be analyzed and and made available, for inspection by the results shall be calculated within 30 clays Administrator, fora minimum of 2 years. after samples arc taken and before any 5 61.31 Air >iiin|iling. subsequent rocket motor firing or pro pellant disposal at the given site. All re to the Administrator by a registered let ter dispatched before the close of the next business day following such deter minations. (c) Records of emission test results and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained at the source and made available, for inspection by the Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. <d> The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test, so that he may at his option observe the test. Subpart E--National Emission Standard for Mercury 61.50 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to those stationary sources w'hich process mercury ore to recover mercury, and to those which use mercury chlor- alkaii cells to produce chlorine gas and alkali metal hydroxide. 61.31 Definitions. Terms used in this subpart are defined in the act, in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: ta) "Mercury" means the element mer cury, excluding any associated elements, and.includes mercury in particulates, va pors. aerosols, and compounds. <b> "Mercury ore" means a mineral mined specifically for its mercury con- tent. <c) "Mercury ore processing facility" means a facility processing mercury ore to obtain mercury. (d) "Condenser stack gases" mean the gaseous effluent evolved from the st.u-k o! processes utilizing heat to extract mer cury metal from mercury ore. <e> "Mercury chlor-alkail cell" means a device which is basically conn- an electrolyzer section and a (decomposer) section and unit. * cury to produce cldorinc gas. c.*n gas. and alkali metal hydroxide. (f) "Mercury chlor-alknh e.i- means an electrolytic device y i.. :.. . of a mercury chlor-alkali cc-.l (a) Stationary sources subject to sults shall be reported to the Adminis a flowing mercury eatito.c : I 61.32(b) shall locate air sampling sites trator by a registered letter dispatched chlorine gas and alkali rr.dai a:........... FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 31. NO. C6--FRIDAY, AEKIl 4, 1473 F-003RS 8ST.2 RULES AND REGULATIONS (g) "Denuder" means a horizontal or vertical container which is part ol a mer cury chlor-alkali cell and in which water and alkali metal amalgam are converted to alkali metal hydroxide, mercury, and hydrogen gas in a short-circuited, elec trolytic reaction. (hi "Hydrogen gas stream" means a hydrogen stream formed in the chlor- alkali cell denuder. (i "End box" means a container(s) located on one or both ends of a merrury chlor-alkall electrolyzer which serves as a connection between the electrolyzer and denuder for rich and .stripped amalgam. (ji "End box ventilation system" means a ventilation system which col lects mercury emissions from the endboxes. the mercury punt;} sumps, and their water colection systems. (k) "Cell room" means a structure's* housing one or more mercury electro lytic chlor-alkali cells. 61..12 Emission sluntlunl. Emissions to the atmosphere from sta tionary sources subject to the provisions of this subpart shall not exceed 2.300 grams of mercury per 24-hour period. 61.33 Slack sampling. ia> Mercury ore processing facility. (l) Unless a waiver of emission testing is obtained under 5 61.13. each owner or operator processing mercury ore snail test emissions from his source, <i> Within 90 days of the elective date in the case of an existing source or a new source which has an initial start up date preceding the effective date: or (ii) Within 90 days of startup in the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the ef fective date. (2) The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test, so that he may at his option observe the test. (3) Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to accurately determine the maximum emissions which will occur In a 24-hour period. No changes in the operation shall be made, which would potentially in crease emissions above that determined by the most recent source test, until the new emission level has been estimated by calculation and the results reported to the Administrator. (4> All samples shall be analyzed, and mercury emissions shall be determined within 30 days after the source test. Each determination will be reported to the Ad ministrator by a registered letter disjatched before the close of the next busi ness day following such determination. <5> Records of emission test results and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained at the source and made available, for inspection by the Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. <b Mercury chlor-alkall plant--hy drogen and end-box ventilation gas streams. (1> Unless a waiver of emission test ing is obtained under 3 61.13, each owner or operator employing mercury chloralkall cell is) shall test emissions from his source. (1> Within 90 days of the effective date in the case of an existing source or a new source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date; or (il> Within 90 days of startup in the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the ef fective date. '2) The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test, so that he may at his option observe the test. 3> Samples shall he taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to accurately determine the maximum emis sions which will occur in a 24-hour period. No changes in the operation shall be made, which would potentially in crease emissions above that determined by the most recent source test, until the new emission has been estimated by cal culation and the results reported to the Administrator. (4* All samples shall be analyzed and mercury emisions shall be determined within 30 days after the source test. All the determinations will be reported to the Administrator by a registered letter dispatched before the close of the next business day following such determina tion. (5i Records of emission test results and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained at the source and made available, for inspection by the Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. (c) Mercury chlor-alkall plants-- cell room ventilation system. (Ii Stationary sources using mercury chlor-alkali cells may test cell room emissions In accordance with paragraph (c><2) of this section or demonstrate compliance with paragraph (c) (4) of this section and assume ventilation emissions of 1,300 gms/day of mercury. (2) Unless a waiver of emission test ing is obtained under 3 61.13. each owner or operator shall pass all cell room air in forced gas streams through stacks suitable for testing, (i> Within 90 days of the effective date in the case of an existing source or a new source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date: or tii) Within 90 days of startup in the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the effective date. (3i The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test, so that he may at his option observe the test. (4i An owner or operator may carry out approved design, maintenance, and housekeeping practices. A list of ap proved design, maintenance, and house keeping practices may be obtained from the Administrator. APPENDIX A National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Compliance Status Information r. SOURCE REPORT Instructions! Owners or operators of sources of hazardous pollutants subject to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants are required to submit the information contained in' Section I to the appropriate Environmental Protection Agency Regional Office before (date which is 90 days after the standards are promulgated). Is provided in i 61.04. A listing of regional offices A. SOURCE INFORMATION. 1. Identification/Location Indicate the name and address of each sourca. 1 1 -A * - -- 1 A48 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 ri lilHBh 1" 819 t ,.t t tie itRhT''AD&REh 1 3 I II A68. ' 1 11* Wtw838 u-J-` '"`aW* j__ ' ' f 2. Contact Indicate the name and telaphone number of the owner or operator or othtr responsible official whom EPA may contact con cerning this report. 839 . 853 HurtI--i----t__i_ i -> i i 1. i . J l--i ..a. tafoubuE1' a ROEIAl lECISTEB, VOl. 3. NO. 46--FIIOAY, AMU 6. 1973 F-00'3fV, RULES AND REGULATIONS *8 <*4 O J4wZ *c^* T 44 b- b. - aM 0^3 c *< rmeWx <ii*onoac. gc iSl ^g| a. o i^c cpo 44 >41 i^Alt 44 e e m O. 4o4 ^r M44 w ou u Or w V D>- f a5W.---t-,--4-1 f-- o4-* &. .4C4 V m <v Vg *44 2-Ji a -wU E W Ui g v ~e cuEt- *44 44 VO rb9~- x**: *13 fiOu X>,sX O t * 44 M l r via ai 44 o ww e !fi8 61 M44 >44 jr c*v 44.0 2 I 44 & *ci r44 *** c ** a __ e ^-TJ O O <3 a 4>g i~il w -M 0.0. V 5t3 41 -*25 M S8 4U4 O*t<4*4 SW >w44 V44I V 44 M ^3 Vint J4=4 >g fo-- u v or b Ow. *e Cw e a. a Ou 4u4 C 44*** c4 e > o .o v -- 6^ ^s4 ow ug>.e a. e 4 js *.2*2 o v r _ V 44 * -s ID 1*4 JC SB * K U4 oHl 4> Ui<. - -52 m i-i u. X. o" -o --2 "5 . u> s -s --B > 4u4 l*0an4 bcO4OvVte*o *SB. CA c 1 fc fi. O 41 b U >| 44 n- 5 s: s s s 4> B Sc c * v xz gv s 9 e___*_* .Oe ^oO *vj-**oOr &__ 's v. "V g 11 ; c 4O 4. b.bn WCi- F.4C4 r9O" S&. SS.TJ' FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 3*. NO. 66-- FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 F-003B7 8834 RULES AND REGULATIONS S 4t II W 4* o i +* S* 4o4 U 4* AS oe 5 3? >o 5 m *i g.2 = <S a e cl A 40e0*- O 4> r-- CX 8 4"ci.*o> Mj 41i a Mf TV3 L O VI 44 ^3 *-- *5 M|4(M>3Jl e u 4* j *30*P--2 J a- 4f *<> 4o* '"O 4*2 2 S3 *U Uo *Q. c uw O CL O 04* Vaw4 4O4 T4o4J1?**Cb09l 44eaV14a* Xw* <X4Sw- Q 4* V* oL.O**Oo.Mg OClAU J4C4O^ 3O ^C l 4m4 tko4W* 9 <4 ** N V* 4MC-4 QUVa** Oi*j. O* LU V >(I 4V VU 5aV JC M 4*4-3 *1 44 44 x444rx4V4; CB MvW Vai is 5 w* X> g w os V* 41 aS<i af.%|c* .0 c er >m, ao. S - V* - * s %X a vrr w v x a u flu S.u -S18 e cr u& -ma *-a*4 44 4 C*- M 44_^ *: M Va* U O ^c J<tOr o.*Z 1-5 1* Vv** 4O4 C*. 4 S M'S l c 5* f ? a tocrwv OoX Of : :5 w u w* S Si Mia JS 4S_4t_ uEa*>*-- STt3 o t3T^ ^KuC4~C^(~k4u4VOus.u- C444.lJ3JUa-S*4-----I*.VJ--Eo--TU sui . -- i w ,, X . . *3 T3 x: *J 44 > v m w fib uC bOWC cjcwveV vQtMbO B C 5< 8 v u m 2> 3f-esi M O bT) M W ^ V V4 e c a 44 O *' 41 b 04444 {70U Wb 4b UXT1 W t,* UB bo, c v <v cb v S _ 04.40 as ^4VCOMC4l 2tiTc*,*4<TS CV u I C3Su =*.23.25 <4WI - v 5 L a*- S- OSS*aSwSwa Ir w>b Quav- V2LPfo~* *4m40b-40i lu ub E 44VC W* VIV* UV) 9 B O. ' fc.* -- 4 a^CT0J W (J P&fSS * V k V JVv g< aec".j pQ u mM4f* aof E U.0.V V41 oC L-(4 Ui oou S-5 X ITm S-,SSS= 3tSe-3S* 8 SSSSSS^S UI g|P|Ii4 ; i> b v SSSl I - U L i 3fe5 ig SSa-3S3 & a E-00388 FEOERAL REGISTER, VOl. 31, NO. 66-- FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 XUIES AND REGULATIONS 8835 M l M ** cu eu Ox- A *-* O * eu oo uu s? --o Ua L V W *9 UII w(f M(I U(I *O- HM** a e ^9 ^ *O oW W< cr <o c >> cla. aki -gsi-s" 5 2 V*-- w & we O ocuSe.3M&5,,8 ow o kov 9 vSu v e 2-e v9 0. .*9*- i-2w *2 J:iw!*>5 -j ill 9O OC "O VI >,W w *c * 8 2. W.JSS8 w%o eVOtmW9UM9 Ol ^ J L C <JP> yUvjbJwO oV < a ce u o *o > M *O5<4r k. _ H LL V) M (IV e o IHM LO V M O5 9 Kmc^oe ciu: O w 0-* <9 vi av v Vr)uO?Cb--: &a W__O__O_uI_u*r O b-nvtl o Uf tK3` ">UtTC} Wli 3e e St iv V5 & r49 o a*3t * ? . (^ wu eO* kA9vw vclS e1 ac -9 s** Mo *w ub9- 9W9C ooo KMvIU Ko. ee--Pt. n- n K O o a. < <Q o o z6 o r> O > E-00389 8836 KUIES ANO REGULATIONS titles of particulate matter. The Alter bolder must provide a positive seal ajjalnst IcaJcage from outside or around the filter. A heating system capable of maintaining rhe filter at a minimum temperature of 250* P. should be used to prevent condensation from occur* rlIjU.8 Barometer. To measure atmospheric pressure to 0.1 la Hg. a.2 Measurement of stack conditions (stack pressure, temperature, moisture and velocity)--2.2.1 Pitot tube. Typo S. or equivalent, with a coefficient within 6 percent over the working range. 3.2.2 Differential pressure gauge. Inclined manometer, or equivalent, to measure veloc ity held to within 10 percent of ihe minimum value. Micromanometers should be used If warranted. 2.2.3 Temperature gauge. Any tempera ture measuring device to measure stack tem perature to within 1* P. 2.2.4 Pressure gauge. Pit^t tube and in clined manometer, or equlvali-.it. to measure stack pressure to within 0.1 in ti?.. 2.2.5 Moisture determination. Wet r.nd dry bulb thermometers, drving tubes, con densers. or equivalent, tc dcrc-mine stack gas moisture content to within l percent. 2.3 Sample recovery--2 3.1 Lcakless glass sample bottles. 500 ml and loo ml with Teflon lined tops. 2.3.2 Graduated cylinder. 250 ml. 2.3.3 Plastic jar. Approximately 300 ml. 2.4 Analysis--2.4.1 Spectrophotometer. To measure absorbance at 253.7 mo, Perkin Elmer Model 303. with a cylindrical yns cell (approximately 1.5 In. O.O. x 7 ;r..( with quartz glass windows, and hollow cathode source, or equivalent. 2.4.2 Gas sampling bubbler. Tudor Sctenttfle Glass Co.. Smog Bubbler. Catalogue No. TP-1150, or equivalent. 2.4.3. Recorder. To match output of spec trophotometer. 3. Reagents--3.1 Stock reagents--3.1.1 Potassium iodide. Reagent grade. 3.1.2 Dtsttllcd water--3.1.3 Potassium iodide solution, 25 percent. Dissolve 250 g of potassium iodide (reagent 3.1.1) In dis tilled water and dilute to 1 to l. 3.1.4 Hydrochloric acid. Concentrated. 3 1.5. Potassium iodate. Reagent grade. 3.1.8 Iodine monochioride (fCf) I.OAf. To 800 ml. of 25% potassium Iodide solution (reagent 3.1.3), add 800 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Cool to room temperature. With vigorous stirring, slowly add 135 g. of potassium Iodate and continue stirring until all free iodine has dissolved to give a clear orange-red solution. Cool to room tempera ture and dilute to 1800 ml. wltn distilled water. The solution should bo kept In amber bottles to prevent degradation. 3.1.7 Sodium hydroxide pellets. Reagent grade. 3.1.8 Nitric arid. Concentrated. 3.1.B Hydroxylamine sulfate. Reagent grade. 3.1.10 Sodium chloride. Reagent grade. 3.1.11 Mercuric chloride. Reagent grade. 3.2 Sampling--3.2.1 Absorbing solution. o.im ici. Dilute loo ml. ot the 1.CM IC1 stock solution (reagent 3.1.8) to l to l with distilled water. The solution should he kept In glass bottles to prevent degradation. Tins reagent should be stable for at least 2 months: however, periodic checks should be performed to Insure quality. 3.2.2 Wash acid. 1:1 V/V nitric acid-- water. 3.2.3 Distilted, deionized water. 3.2.4 Silica gel. Indicating type, 8 to 10 mesh dried at 350* F. for 2 hours. 3.2.5 Filter (optional). Olass fiber. Mine Safety Appliances 1108BK, or equivalent. A niter may be necessary in cases where tho gas stream to be sampled contains large quantities of particulate matter. 3.3 Analysis--3.3.1 Sodium hydroxide, 10 N.--Dissolve 400 g of sodium hydroxide pellets In distilled water and dilute to 1 to l. 32.2 Reducing agent. 12 percent hydroxylamine sulfate, 12 percent sodium chlo ride.--To 60 ml of distilled water, add 12 g of hydroxylamine sulfate and 12 g of sodium chloride. Dilute to 100 ml. This quantity is sufficient tor 20 analyses and must be pre pared dally. 3.3.3 Aeration gas.--Zero grade air. 3.3.4 Hydrochloric acid. 0.3H.--Dilute 25.5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid to l to 1 with distilled water. 3.4 Standard mercury solutions--3.4.1 Stock solution.--Add 0.1354 g of mercuric chloride to 80 ml of 0.3N hydrochloric acid. After the mercuric chloride has dissolved, add 02N hydrochloric acid and adjust the volume to 100 ml. One ml of this solution Is equivalent to 1 mg of free mercury. 3.4.2 Standard solutions.--Prepare cali bration solutions by serially diluting the stock solution (3.4.1) with 0.3N hydrochlo ric acid. Prepare solutions at concentrations In the linear working range for the Instru ment to be used. Soutlons of 0.2 ;ig/ml. 0.4 ng/ml and 0.8 ag/ml have been found ac ceptable for most Instruments. Store all solutions in glass-stoppered, glass bottles. These solutions should be stable for at least 2 months; however, periodic checks should be performed to Insure quality. 4. Procedure.--4.1 Guidelines for souree testing are detailed in the following sections. These guidelines are generally applicable: however, most sample sites differ to some degree and temporary alterations such os stack extensions or expansions often are re quired to ensure the best possible sample site. Further, since mercury Is hazardous, care should be taken to minimize exposure. Finally, since the total quantity of mercury to be collected generally Is small, the test must be carefully conducted to prevent con tamination or loss of sample. 4.2 Selection of a sampling site and mini mum number of traverse points: 4.2.1 Select a suitable sampling site that Is as close aa Is practicable to the point of atmospheric emission. If possible, stacks smaller than 1 foot In diameter should not be sampled. 4.2.2 The sampling site should be at leaat eight stack or duct diameters downstream and two diameters upstream from any now disturbance such aa a bend, expansion, or contraction. For a rectangular cross section determine an equivalent diameter from the followuig equation: 2XtVJ d,=l+W where: D-=Equivalent diameter. Liz Length. W-Width. ^ loi-i 4.2.3 When the above sampling site cri teria can be met, the minimum number of traverse points Is four (4) for stacks l foot in aiameter or less, eight (8) for stacks larger than 1 foot but 2 feet In diameter or less, and twelve (12) lor stacks larger than 2 feet. 4.2.4 Some sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria unprac tical. When this is the case, choose a con venient sampling location and use figure 101-3 to determine the minimum number of traverse points. However, use figure 101-3 only for stacks 1 foot In diameter or larger. 4.2.5 To use figure 101-3, first measure tho distance from the chosen sampling loca tion to the nearest upstream and downstream disturbances. Divide this distance by the diameter or equivalent diameter to deter mine the distance In terms of pipe diameters. Determine the corresponding number of traverse points for each distance from fig ure 101-3. Select the higher of the two num bers of traverse points, or a greater value, such that tor circular stacks the number is a multiple of four, and for rectangular stacks the number follows the criteria of section 4.3.2. 4.2.8 -If a selected sampling point Is closer than 1 Inch from the stack wall, adjust the location of that point to ensure that the sample is taken at teast 1 Inch away from the wall. 4.3 Cross sectional layout and location of traverse points: 4.3.1 For circular stacks locate the trav erse points on at least two diameters accord ing to figure 101-4 and tablo 101-1. The traverse axes shall divide the stack cross section Into equal parts. NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS UPSTREAM (DISTANCE A) O.S 1.0 1.S 2.0 2.5 Figure 102-3. Minimum of traverse points. KOERAl RtCISTER, VOL 31, NO. 6--FRIDAY, APRIL 6. 1073 RULES AMD REGULATIONS Table 101-1. Location of traverse points in circular stacks (Percent of stack diameter from inside wall to traverse point) Traverse point number Number of traverse points on a diameter diameter 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 1 14.6 6.7 4.4 3.3 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 i!i 1.1 2 85.4 25.0 14.7 10.5 8.2 . 6.7 5.7 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 3 75.0 29.5 19.4 14.6 11.8 9.9 3.5 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.5 4 93.3 70.5 32.3 22.6 17.7 14.6 12.5 10.9 9.7 8.7 7.9 5 85.3 67.7 34.2 25.0 20.1 16.9 14.6 12.9 11.6 10.5 6 95.6 80.6 65.8 35.S 26.9 22.0 18.8 16.5 14.6 13.2 7 89.5 77.4 64.5 36.6 28.3 23.6 20.4 18.0 16.1 8 96.7 85.4 75.0 63.4 37.5 29.6 25.0 21.8 19.4 9 91.8 82.3 73.1 62.5 38.2 30.6 26.1 23.0 10 97.5 88.2 79.9 71.7 61.8 38.8 31.5 27.2 n 93.3 85.4 78.0 70.4 61.2 39.3 32.3 12 97.9 90.1 03.1 76.4 69.4 60.7 39.8 13 94.3 87.5 81,2 75.0 68.5 60.2 14 15 * 98.2 91.5 85.4 79.6 73.9 67.7*, 95.1 89.1 83.5 78.2 72.8 16 98.4 92.5 87.1 82.0 77.0 17 95.6 90.3 85.4 80.6 18 98.6 93.3 88.4 83.9 19 96.1 91.3. 86.8 20 98.7 94.0 89.5 21 96.5 92.1 22 98.9 94.5 23 96.8 24 98.9 flin 1S14. Cmi uctlM W cteuInritKk Mimt m H'pnwiwMr Siamtcra. lactilw W 101*9. Cm* MdlM cl ivrlmnlw aw* JlcMH IM* It ***t M> mint *mt* *i cmuM ti ka vti. 4.3.3 For rectangular stacks divide the cross section Into ss many equal rectangular areas as traverse points, such that the ratio of the length to the width of the elemental areas la between one and two. Locate the traverse points at the centroid of each equal area according to figure I01-5. 4.4Measurement of stack conditions: 4.4.1 Set up the apparatus as shown In figure 101-3. Mnke sure all connections are tight and teak-lrce. Measure the velocity head and temperature at the traverse points specified by section 4.3 and 4.3. 4.4.3 Measure the static pressure In the stack. 4.43 Determine the stack got moisture. 4.4.4 Determine the stack gas molecular weight from the measured moisture content and knowledge of the expected gas stream composition. A standard Orsat analyzer lias been found valuable at combustion sources. In all cases, sound engineering Judgment should be used. 8837 ROIIAl IEGISTH, VOL 3. NO. 44--FIIOAV, APtll 4, 1*73 E-00391 8838 RULES AND REGULATIONS 4.5 Preparation of sampling train: 4.6.1 Prior to assembly, clean air glassware (probe, lmplngers, and conncctora) b7 rinsing with wash acid, tap water. 0.1M ICl. tap water, and Anally distilled water. Mace 100 nit of 0.1M 1C1 In each of the first three lmplngers. and place approximately TOO g of preweighed silica gel In the fourth tmpinger. Sere BO ml of the 0.1M IC1 as a blank In the sample analysis. Set up the tram mid the probe as tn figure 101-1. 4.6.3 If the gas stream to ue sampled Is excessively dirty or moist, the first implneer may clog or become dilute too rapidly for sufficient testing. A filter tan he placed ahead of the lmplngers to collect the particulates. An Initial empty Impinger may also be used to remove excess moisture. If a fifth unpingcr Is required, the final lmplnger mnv have to be carefully taped to the outside of the sample box. 4.5.3 Leak check the sampling train at the sampling site. The leakage rate should not be In excess of 1 percent of the dc-lred sam pling rate. If condensation In the probe or filter Is a problem, probe and filter heaters will be required. Adjust rhe heaters tn pro vide a temperature of at least dS0` F. Place crushed Ice around the Implnge.-s. Add more Ice during the test to keep the temperature of the gases leaving the last Implneer at 70* F or less. 4(1 Mercury train operation: 4.6.1 For each run. record the data re quired on the example sheet shown In ficure 101-6. Take readings at each sampling point at least every 6 minutes and when signifi cant changes In stack conditions necessitate additional adjustments in flow rate. 4 C.3 Sample at a rate of 0.5 to 1.0 cfm. Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to accurately determine the maximum emissions which would occur in a 24-hour period. In the case of cyclic operations, sufficient tests shall be made so as to allow accurate determination or calculation of the emissions which will occur over the duration of the cycle. A mini mum sample time of 2 hours Is recommended. In some instances, high mercury concentra tions can prevent sampling in one run for the desired minimum time. Thl3 Is Indicated by reddening In the first lmplnger as free iodine is liberated. In this cose, a run may be divided Into two or more subruns to en sure that the absorbing solutions are not depleted. WJl*T 10CAH0N__ fTTIATnA IWUK1W. wninw.. aanr iwimiiw uouerne --flaw Aiflxap MOtlWlM. 1 matti kx ttnma NOW UNCIH. a.. Moral ouwna a now HUIU umua _ r-1trim nAvmfOMT ftUMtfl UmiMQ VATIC TlUC msu/Rf )Ft1. M i- .Mimic at TC W.I trtnt vuocm TIWKArjRf HEAO -4*l r'CSKrtC 0<M(MVIAI ACROSS 061FICC ucut t A HI. w. GAS UU VOtuW {Vl u* CAS UWM TtMMJUfUIC ATOrr GAttCTU INLET ITM ;*!.# outur rtvroutuH. IttftAAUMt f ___________i___________ TOTAL AVIRACE AH' Ah1 Ark r<rn 101-1. Ft*T4 lltl 4.6.3 To begin sampling, position the nozzle at the first traverse point with the tip pointing directly Into the gas stream. Im mediately start the pump and adjust the now to Isokinetic condition*. Sample for at least 6 minutes at each traverse point: rampling time must be the seme for each point. Maintain Isokinetic sampling throughout the sampling period. Nomographs which aid in the rapid adjustment of the sampling rate without other computations arc m APTD-- 0576 and are available from commercial sup pliers. Note the standard nomographs are applicable only for type 3 pitot tubes and air or a stack gas with an equivalent density. Contact EPA or the sampling train supplier for Instructions when the standard nomo graph Is not applicable. 4.6.4 Turn off the pump at the conclusion of each run and record the final readings. Immediately remove the probe and nozzle from .the stack and handle In accordance with the aample recovery process described In section 4.7. 4.7 Sample recovery: 4.7.1 (AU gloss storage bottles and the grad uated cylinder must be precleaned as In sec tion 4.5.1). This operation should be per formed In an area free of possible mercury contamination. Industrial laboratories and ambient air around mercury-using facilities are not normally free of mercury contamina tion. When the sampling tram Is moved, care must be exercised to prevent breakage and contamination. 4.7.3 Disconnect the probe from the implnger train. Place the contents t measured to 2:1 nil) of the first three lmplngers Into a 500 ml sample bottle. Rinse the probe and alt glassware between It and the bock half of the third lmplnger with two SO ml portions of 0.1M IC1 solution. Add these rinses to the first sample bottle. For a blank, place BO ml of the 0.1M IC1 In 100 ml sample bottle. If used, place the filter along with 100 ml of 0.1M ICl tn another 100 ml sample bottle. Retain a filter blank. Place the silica gel In the plastic Jar. Seal and secure all containers for shipment. If an additional test la desired, tho glassware can be carefully double rinsed with distilled water and reassembled. How ever, if the glassware Is to be out of use more than 2 days, the Initial add wash procedure must be followed. 4.8 Analysis: 4.8.1 Apparatus preparation.--Clean all glassware according to the procedure of sec tion 4.5.1. Adjust the instrument settings ac cording to the Instrument manual, using an absorption wavelength of 253.7 nm. 4.8 3 Analysis preparation.--Adjust the air delivery pressure and the needle valve to obtain a constant airflow of about 1.3 to/ l.'min. The analysts tube should be bypassed except during aeration. Purge the equipment for 2 minutes. Prepare a sample of mercury standard solution (3.4.2) according to section 4.8.3. Place the analysis tube in the line, and aerate until a miximum peak height Is' reached on the recorder. Remove the analysis tube, flush the lines, and rinse the analvsis tube with distilled water. Repeat with an other sample of the same standard solution. Tills purge and analysis cycle Is to be re peated until peak heights are reproducible. 4.8.3 Sample preparation.--Just prior to analysis, transfer a sample aliquot of up to 50 ml to the cleaned 100 ml analysis tube. Adjust the volume to 50 ml with 0.1M ICl If-required. Add 5 ml of 10 N sodium hy droxide. cap tube with a clean glass stopper and shake vigorously. Prolonged, vigorous shaking at this point is necessary to obtain an accurate analysis. Add 5 ml of the re ducing agent (reagent 3.3.2). cap tube with a clean glass stopper and shake vigorously and immediately in sample line. 4.8.4 Mercury determination.--After the system has been stabilized, prepare samples from the sample bottle according to section 4.8.3. Aerate the sample until a maximum peak height la reached on the recorder. The mercury content is determined by compar ing the peak heights of the samples to the peak heights of the calibration solutions. If collected samples are out of the linear range, the samples should be diluted. Prepare a blank from the 100 ml bottle according to secilnn 4.8.3 and analyze to determine the reagent blank mercury level. 5. Calibration.--5.1 Sampling train -- 3.1.1 Use standard methods and equipment as detailed tn APTD-0576 to calibrate the rate meter, pitot tube, dry gas meter, and probe heater (If used). Recalibrate prior to each test series. 5.2 Analysis.--5.2.1 Prepare a calibra tion curve for the spectrophotometer using the stnndard mercury solutions. Plot the peak heights read on the recorder versus the concentrations of mercury In the standard solutions. Standards should be Interspersed with the samples since the calibration ran change slightly with time. A new calibration curve should be prepared for each new sec of samples run. 8. Calculations.--6.1 Average dry gas meter temperature, stack temperature, stack pressure and average onfleo pressure drop. See datasheet (fig. 101-6). 8.2 Dry gas volume.--Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter to stack conditions by using equation 101-2. W|l* fl* VuIiiimh of pna *nmpit throuuh lit* dry can mrlnp t'Mrk ffiit'llttnti*). ft*. \\ *YnUiitir of taiitpl* tl'ftMigli theihyjfin niHrr tiurtiT cumiHiittK), li*. T* m 4voniui* of ku. Tm F.Vri'f.np' dry uiis in*trr ti*nt|eriltirp. *R* Pi.., -- Barometric pressure at the orifice meter, InHg. A// -- Average pressure drop across the ori fice meter, InH.O. 13.8-- Specific gravity of mercury, P,= Stack pressure, Pn italic pressure, tnHg. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl. 36, NO. 66--FRIDAY, AFRIl 6, 1973 F~ 00.''V-*? flfi Votume of voter vapor. T*.= JT.V.tp-' cq.101-3 whvs: Vir.-Vuliinir of w*trr vapor in III. pw fampi. (stack condition..), ft1. Kr~Q.QOX7 ml.-- K when lliefc units .ire n*i J. Vi#~ToLM voium# of HnuM In Itnpinfprs *nri silica col isct* finurit 101*7). inL Te* Average stsu:k pas tfmpmtnr*. *K. A Slack piv.vttirr, /*., static prure. In. llg. Vu*,i 6.4 Total c.is Toltiuif. eq. 101--4 whAtt: Vi**i*Total voliuuc of fas sample *tni*k conditions). Ym Volumo of c.v ihrongh gas rneiir (stmW condi tions!, ft*. Vr^Vohime of water vapor In gn- sample (stack conditiuos). ft*. VOLUME Of LIOUIO VAUR COLUCTrO iMpmctn VOLUUC * *4 SILICA GEL WIGHT. 9 FINAL INITIAL LIOUIO couccuo TOTAL VOL!** CCUtCUO r| m cowvturwtiGNTorwATiRTOvoumf t dividing total weight INCREASE IT OtNSitT Of WAtCR. (1 */): m ,*xKm *M(it ** Flgo* 101-7. Analytical <Jaia. . 0.5 Stack gas velocity. Use equation 101-5 to calculate the stack gas velocity. RULES AND REGULATIONS PLANT,_______________ DATE RUN NO. STACK DIAMETER. in._ BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, In. Hg^_ STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK |Pg). in. Hg. OPERATORS________________________________ Traverse point number Velocity head, in. H20 v&7 8839 I-- SCHEMATIC OF STACK CROSS SECTION Stack Temperature (V'*F - oq.101-5 where: Atit.vp fi.uk pi* velocity, (it! pir sound, ft. / III..in.Hii yn K, 'J fi:.\ib.inulc> Umi.Il|(.l / * W <r.wcv these mills are used. Pilol tube cowhciPnl, diinen.ionic. 'ATrr.ii:. flunk p.is temperature, "It. (V'i/')..., ' Aver.ipc .nttnre mot of ttip tpIociIv hf:.I i>f fl.wk pin mi. IliOj'n Lee lip. Ilif-M. P. Stuck pre.vure. /V,,.*t:iii- |irn*iirp. m. lip. M. Molecular wciplit of j.|.iek pa* 1 \v.-t l.:L*i.t, flip fUMimnnno of (IIP prodllet. of (tin nmleeular weipiit of eneli iniM|,..ent multiplied by if. volnnipirfc proimrtion in tlic imslurc, Ui./lb. mute. Figure 101-8 shows a sample recording sheet for velocity traverse data. Use the averages In the last two columns ot figure 101-8 to determine the average stack gas velocity from equation 101-3. 6.8 Mercury collected. Calculate the total weight of mercury collected by using equa tion 101-8. Wt = ViCi --FtC ( + VrCr)..eq. 101-8 where: W<=total weight of mercury collected, eg. AVERAGE: Figure 101*8. Velocity traverse data. KOEIAl IE6ISTII, VOL 38, NO. *--FII0AY, APRIL *. 1973 F-00393 s&o RULES AND REGULATIONS 7i=Total volume or condensed moisture and IC1 in sample bottle, ml. CissConcentratlon of mercury measured In sample bottle, jtg/nil. V=Total TOlume of ICl used In sampling (impinger contents and all wash amounts). ml. Ct = Blank concentration of mercury In ICl solution, Hg; ml. Vt =Total TOlume of ICl used In Alter bottle <U used), ml. C/=Concentration of mercury In Alter bottle (If used). ng.-ml. 8.7 Total mercury emission. Calculate the total amount of mercury emitted from each tacit per day by equation 101-7. This equa tion Is applicable for continuous operations. For cyclic operations, use only the time per day each stackc is In operation. The total mercury emissions from a source will he the summation of results from all stacks. n H'VOnt.'t,,,86,400 si-concWdar K**ou, x i>'Vs/g. eq. 101-7 where: K-TUtc of eml'tiun, cAlny. K'i*TotM weight of nufeury i-oUect-ft Vw*i-Totoi Tolume of yru sample condition*,, fl. ()*. AvemRO stark rm Telocity, feet per second. A Stack oroa, ft*. pling Measurements. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association. St. Louis. Mo.. June 14-19. 1970. 11. Smith. W. 3.. et at.. Stack Oas Sampling Improved and SlmpUAed with New Equip ment. APCA paper No. 67-119.1967. 12. Smith. W. S., R. T. Shlgehara. and W. P. Todd. A Method of Interpreting Stack Sampling Data, Paper presented at the 63d Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis. Mo.. June 14-19, 1970. 13. Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities PHS, NCAPC. 1967. 14. Standard Method for Sampling Stacks for Particulate Matter. In: 1971 Book of ASTM Standards, part 23. Philadelphia, 1971, ASTM Designation D-2928-71. 15. Vcnnard, J. K., Elementary Fluid Me chanics. John WUey and Sons, Inc., New York. 1947. METHOD 102. RETEXENCE METHOD TOE DETER MINATION Or PARTICULATE AND CASEOUS MER- CUKT EMISSIONS niOM STATIONART SOURCES (HTDROCEN STREAMS) 1. Principle and applicability--1.1 Princi- pie.--Particulate and gaseous mercury emis sions are laoklnetlcally sampled from the source and collected in acidic iodine monochloride solution. The mercury collected i'n the mercuric form) Is reduced to elemental mercury In basic solution by hydroxytamine sulfate. Mercury Is aerated from the solution and analyzed using spectrophotometry. 1.2 Applicability.--This method is appli cable for the determination of particulate and gaseous mercury emissions when the carrier gas stream Is principally hydrogen. The method Is for use in ducts or stacks, at stationary sources. Unless otherwise specified, this method Is not Intended to apply to gas streams other than those emitted directly to the atmosphere without further processing. 2. Apparatus--2.1 Sampling train.--A sche matic of the sampling tram used by EPA is shown In flgure 102-1. Commercial models of this train are available, although complete construction details are described In APTD0581.1 and operating and maintenance pro cedures are described In APTD-0578. The components essential to this sampling train are the following: ACID TRAP 6.8 Isokinetic variation (comparison of velocity of gas In probe tip to stack velocity). r lOQV^.I eq. 101-8 where: /- Percnt or Isokinetic sampllnt.*. Fim.i-ToIoI TOluine of gus sample comlitions), II*. A,* ProUe tip area, ft*. $9ruiipUnj< tunc, sc. {f.)...."Aerui,'C sijik a: velocity, fwl ikt o-voml. 7. Evaluation of results--7.1 Determina tion of compliance.--7.1.1 Each performance test shall consist of three repetitions of the applicable test method. For the purpose of determining compliance with aa applicable national emission standard, the average of results of all repetitions shall apply. 7J Acceptable isokinetic results.--7.3.1 The following range sets the limit on accept able isokinetic sampling results: If 90r^I^ll0rt. the results arc accept able; otherwise, reject tho test and repeat. 8. References.--l. Addendum to Speclflea. tlons for Incinerator Testing at Federal Faculties. PUS. NCAPC. Dec. 6.19C7. . Determining Dust concentration In a Oas Stream. ASME Performance Test Code NO. 27. New York. N.Y.. 1957. 3. Devorkln. Howard, ec si.. Air Pollution Source Testing Manual. Air Pollution Con trol District. Los Angeles, Calif.. Nov. 1983. 4. Hatch. W. R. and W. L. Ott. "Determina tion of Sub-Mlcrogram Quantities of Mercury bv Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry." Anal. Chem., 40:2085-87,1968. 5. Mark. L. S.. Mechanical Engineers' Hand book, McOraw-HUt Book Co.. Inc., New York, N.Y.. 1951. . Martin. Robert M,, Construction Details of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency, APTD0581. 7. Methods for Determination of Velocity, Volume. Dust and Mist Content of Onses, Western Precipitation Division of Joy Mfg. Co.. Los Angeles. Call!. Bui. WP-50. 19C8. 8. Perry. J. H.. Chemical Engineers' Hand book. McOraw-HUl Book Co., Iue., New York, N.Y.. I960. 9. Rom. Jerome J.. Maintenance. Calibra tion. and Operation of Isokinetic Source Sam pling' Equipment. Environmental Protection Agency. APTD-0578. 10. Shlgehara, R. T.. W. F. Todd, and W. 3. Smith. SlgntAcance ol Errors In Stack Sam Figure 102*1. Mercury sampling train 2.1.1 Nossle. Stainless steel or gloss with sharp, tapered leading edge. 2.1.2 Probe. Sheathed Pyrex> glass. 2.1.3 Pitot tube. Type S (flgure 102-2). or equlvslent, with s coefficient within 5 per cent over the working range, attached to probe to monitor stock gas velocity. 2.1.4 Impmpers. Four Qreenburg-Smith lmplngers connected in series with glsss balljoint fittings. The tint, third, end fourth lmplngers may be modified by replacing the tip with one-half inch ID glass tube extend ing to one-hall Inch from the bottom of the flask. 2.1.3 Acid trap. Mine safety appliances air line filter, catalogue No. 81857, with acid ab sorbing cartridge and suitable connections, or equlvslent. 2.1.8 Metering system. Vacuum gage, leak- less pump, thermometers capable of measur ing temperature to within 5*F, dry gas meter with 2 percent aocuracy, and related equip ment, described In AFTD-0581. to maintain an isokinetic sampling rate and to determine sample volume. 2.1.7 Barometer. To measure atmospheric pressure to 0.1 in bg. * These documents are available for a nomi nal cost from the National Technical In formation Service. 0.3. Department of Com merce. 6283 Port Royal Road. Springfield, Va. 22131. Mention of trad* names or commercial products docs not constltuu endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 44--EtMOAV, APRIL 4, 1973 ^-00394 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8841 32 Measurement af stack conditions (stack pressure, temperature, moisture, and velocity)--3.3.1 Pitot tube. Type 3. or equivalent, with a coefllelent within 5 per cent over theworklng range. 322 Differential pressure gage. Inclined manometer, or equivalent, to measure veloc ity head to within 10 percent or the mini mum value. Micromanometers should be used IT warranted. 3.3.3 Temperature gage. Any tempera ture-measuring device to measure stack tem perature to within 1* P. 3.2.4 Pressure gage. Pitot tube and In clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure stack pressure to within 0.1 in tig. 2.2.5 Moisture determination. Drying tubes, condensers, or equivalent, to deter mine stack gas moisture content in hydrogen to within 1 percent. 2.3 Sample recovery--2.3.1 Leakless glass sample bottles. 500 ml and 200 ml with Tef lon-lined tops. 2.3.2 Graduated cylinder. 250 ml. 222 Plastic jar. Approximately 300 ml. 2.4 Analysis--2.4.1 Spectrophotometer. To measure absorbance at 253.7 nm. Perkin Elmer model 303. with a cylindrical gas cell (approximately 1.5 ino.d. x7 In) with quartz glass windows, and hollow cathode source, or equivalent. 2.4.2 Gas sampling bubbler. Tudor Scien tific Co. Smog Bubbler, catalogue No. TP1150. or equivalent. 2.42 Recorder. To match output of spectrophotometer. 3. Reagents.--3.1 Stock reagents.--3.1 1 Potassium iodide. Reagent grade. 3.1.2 Distilled water. 3.12 Potassium Iodide solution, 25 per cent.--Dissolve 250 g of potassium iodide (re agent 3.1.1) In distilled water and dilute to 1 to 1. 3.1.4 Hydrochloric acid. Concentrated. 3.1.5 Potassium iadate. Reagent grade. 3.1.6 Iodine monochloride (ICl) 1.0M. To 800 ml of 25 percent potassium iodide solution (reagent 3.1.3), add 800 ml of con centrated hydrochloric acid. Cool to room temperature. With vigorous stirring, slowly add 135 g of potassium lodate and continue stirring until all free iodine, has dissolved to give a clear orange-red solution. Cool to room temperature and dilute to 1.800 ml with dis tilled water. The solution should be kept In amber bottles to prevent degradation. 3.1.7 Sodium hydroxide pellets. Reagent grade. 3.1.8 Nitric acid. Concentrated. 3.1.9 Hydroxylamine sul/ate. Reagent grade. 3.1.10 Sodium chloride. Reagent grade. 3.1.11 Mercuric chloride. Reagent grade. 3.3 Sampling. 3 2.1 Absorbing solution. OJM ICl. Dilute 100 ml of the 1.0M ICl stock solution (reagent 3.1.6) to 1 1 with dlststlled water. The solution should be kept in glass bottles to prevent degradation. This n-agent should be stable for at least 2 months; how ever, periodic checks should be performed to Insure quality. 3.2.2 Wash acid. 1:1 V/V nitric acid-water. 3.22 Distilled, deionised icatcr. 3.2.4 Silica gel. Indicating type, 0 to 10 mesh, dried at 350*P for 2 hours. 3.3. Analysis--3.3.1 Sodium hydroxide. ION. Dissolve 400 g of sodium hydroxide pel lets In distilled water and dilute to 1 1. 3 3.2 Reducing agent. 12 percent hydrozylamine sul/ate. 12 percent sodium chloride. To 60 ml of distilled water, add 13 g of hy- droxylamlue sulfate and 12 g of sodium chlo ride. Dilute to 100 ml. This quantity la sufficient for 20 analyses and must be pre pared dally. 32.3 Aeration gas. Zero grntle nlr. 3.3.4 Hydrochloric acid. 0JN. Dilute 25.5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid to 1 1 with distilled water. 3 4 Standard mercury solutions--3.4.1 Stock solution. Add 0.1354 g of mercuric chloride to 80 ml of 02N hydrochloric acid. After the mercuric chloride has dissolved, add 0.3N hydrochloric acid and adjust the volume to 100 ml. One ml of this solution is equivalent to 1 mg of free mercury. 3.4.2 Standard solutions. Prepare cali bration solutions by serially diluting the stock solution (3.4.1) with 0.3N hydrochloric add. Prepare solutions at concentrations In the ilnear working range for the instrument to be used. Solutions of 0.2 ug.'ml. 0.4 *g ml and 0.6 ug ml have been found acceptable for most instruments. Store all solutions In glass-stoppered, glass bottles. These solutions should be stable for at least 2 months: how ever. periodic checks should be performed to insure quality. 4. Procedure. 4.1 Guidelines for source tenting are detailed in the following sections. These guidelines are generally applicable: however, most sample sites differ to some de gree snd temporary alterations such as stack extensions or expansions often are required to insure the best possible sample site. Fur ther. since mercury is hazardous, care should be taken to minimize exposure. Fnally. since the total quantity of mercury to be collected generally is small, the test must be care fully conducted to prevent contamination or loss of sample. 4.2 Selection of a sampling site and mini mum number of traverse points. 4.2.1 Select a suitable sampling site that is as close as Is practicable to the point of atmospheric emission. If possible, stacks smaller than 1 foot in diameter should not bo sampled. 4.2.2 The sampling site should be at least eight stack or duet diameters downstream and two diameters upstream from any :tnw disturbance such as a bend, expansion or contraction. For rectangular cross section, determine an equivalent diameter from the following equation: D. 2LVT L-W where: D. = equivalent diameter. L = length. 1^=width. q.102-1 4.2.3 When the above sampling site crite ria can be met. the minimum number of traverse points Is four (4) for stacks l foot in diameter or less, eight (8) for stacks larger than l foot but 2 feet In diameter or less, and twelve (12) for 6tacks larger than 2 feet. 4.2.4 Some sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria Imprac tical. When this Is the case, choose a con venient sampling location and use figure 102-3 to determine the minimum number of traverse points. However, use figure 102-3 only for stacks 1 foot In diameter or larger. 4.2.5 To use figure 102-3. first measure the distance from the chosen sampling location to the nearest upstream and downstream dis turbances. Divide this distance by the di ameter or equivalent diameter to dctcrmtne the distance in terms of pipe diameters. De termine the corresponding number of trav erse points for each distance from figure 102-3. Select the higher of the two numbers of traverse points, or a greater value, such that for circular stacks the number is a mul tiple of four, and for rectangular stacks the number follows the criteria o! section 422. NUMBER Of DUCT DIAMETERS UPSTREAM' (0ISTANCE A) 0.5 1.8 IS 2.8 2.5 NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS DOWNSTREAM* (DISTANCE 8) Plgurt 104-3. Minimum number of (ravers* points. 42.6 If a selected sampling point Is clocer tton of that point to insure that the sample than 1 Inch from stack wall, adjust the loca- la taken at least 1 Inch away from the wall. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 31, NO. 6t--fltOAT, APRIL , 1973 F-OO.V9F. 8842 RULES AND REGULATIONS * 3 Cross-sectional layout uid locution of traverse points. 4 3.1 For circular stuck* locate the tra verse points on at least two diameter* ac cording to figure 103-4 and table 103-1. The traverse axes shall divide the stack-cross sec- tii`it Into equal parts. ' .13 For rectangular stacks divide the rrov.*eetlon Into as many equal rectangular r rri* as traverse points, such that the ratio of the length to the width of the elemental areas in between one and two. Locate the traverse p tnts at the centroid of each equal area ac cording to figure 102-5. 4.4 Measurement of stack conditions. 4.4.1 Set up the apparatus as shown m figure 103-3. Make sure all connections arc tight and leak free. Measure the velocity head and temperature at the traverse points speci fied by section 4.2 and 4.3. 4.4.2 Measure the static pressure In the stack. 4.4.3 Determine the stack gas moisture. Figuvo 103.4. cm* SKtlon circular Hack showing locstlsn of trovers# points on parpensrevise oismolots. Table 102-T. Location of traverse points In circular stacks (Percent of stack diameter from inside v/all to traverse point) Traverse point number Number of traverse points on a diameter LJdiameter 2 4 S 8 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 1 14.6 6.7 4.4 3.3 j 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 2 S5.4 25.0 14.7 10.5 8.2 6.7 5.7 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 3 * 75.0 29.5 19.4 14.6 11.8 9.9 8.5 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.5 4 93.3 70.5 32.3 22.6 17.7 14.6 12.5 10.9 9.7 8.7 7.9 5 85.3 67.7 34.2 25.0 20.1 16.9 14.6 12.9 11.6 10.5 6 95.6 80.6 65.8 35.5 26.9 22.0 18.8 16.5 14.6 13.2 7 89.5 77.4 64.5 36.6 28.3 23.6 20.4 18.0 16.1 8 96.7 85.4 75.0 63.4 37.5 29.6 25.0 21.8 19.4 9 91.8 82.3 73.1 62.5 38.2 30.6 26.1 23.0 10 97.5 88.2 79.9 71.7 61.8 '38.8 31.5 27.2 11 93.3 85.4 78.0 70.4 61.2 39.3 32.3 12 97.9 90.1 83.1 76.4 69.4 60.7 39.8 13 94.3 87.5 81.2 75.0 68.5 60.2 14 98.2 91.5 85.4 79.6 73.9 67.7 15 95.1 89.1 83.5 78.2 72.6 16 98.4 92.5 87.1 82.0 77.0 17 95.6 90.3 85/4 80.6 18 98.6 93.3 88.4' 83.9 19 96.1 91.3 86.8 20 98.7 94.0 89.5 21 96.5 92.1 22 98.9 94.5 23 96.8 24 98.9 * ** Determine the stack gas molecular weight from the measured moisture content and knowledge of the expected gas stream composition. Sound engineering Judgment should be used. 4.5 Preparation of sampling train. 4.5.1 Prior to assembly, clean all glass ware (probe. Implngers. and connectors) by rinsing with wash acid, tap water, 0.1M IC1 tap water, and finally distilled water. Place 100 ml of 0.1M IC1 In each of the first three Implngers, and place approximately 200 g of preweighed silica gel in the fourth lmplnger. Save 80 ml of the 0.1M IC1 os a blank In the sample analysis. Set up the tram and the probe os in Figure 102-1. 4.5.2 Leak check the sampling tram at the sampling *tte. The leakage rate should not be m excess of 1 percent of the desired sampling rate. Place crushed Ice around the Impmgers. Add more Ice during the run to keep rhe temperature of the gases leaving the last implnger at 70* F or lea. 4.8 Mercury train operation. 4.6.1 Safety procedures. It Is Imperatt-r that the sampler conduct the source test under conditions of utmost safety, since hydrogen and air mixtures are explosive. The sample train essentially Is leakless, so that attention to safe operation can be concen trated at the inlet and outlet. The following specific items are recommended: 4.6.1.1 Operate only the vacuum pump during the test. The other electrical equip ment. e.g. heaters, fans and timers, normally are not essential to the success of a hydro gen stream test. 4.6.1.2 Seal the sample port to minimize leakage of hydrogen from the stack. 4.6.1.3 Vent sampled hydrogen at least 10 feet away from the train. This can be accomplished easily by attaching a ij-in l.d. Tyson tube to the exhaust from the orifice meter. 4.6.2 For each run. record the data re quired on the sample sheet shown In figure 102-6. Take readings at each sampling point at least every 5 minutes and when significant changes In stack conditions necessitate ad ditional adjustments in flow rate. 4.6.3 Sample at a rate of 0.5 to 1.0 cfm. Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to accurately determine the maximum emissions which would occur In a 24-hour period. In the car.e of cyclic operations, sufficient tests shall be made so as to allow accurate determination or calculation of the emissions which will occur over the duration of the cycle. A mini mum sample time of 3 hours 1* recommended. In some Instances, high mercury concentra tions can prevent sampling In one run for the desired minimum time. This Is Indicated by reddening In the first Implnger as free iodine Is liberated. In this case, a run may be divided Into two or more subruns to insure that the absorbing solutions are not depleted. RDtlAi IZOlSTH, VOL 3, NO. 44--MIDAY, APRIL 4, 1973 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8813' HU-' tocuno-___ , !' CUM______ MUi--> UWKIU1. MTU Ml NO.. MIU**j_ co---- JAN* Nuvcnc fOlWT l'<* mxm* IN -- MOM iruem. Horae om-jcim. - _____ ti mi mu,; ot sr*c close vchon june StACR VIL0CMT N'UUltl UNUMIWH KAO lPy\. > HI IV- uv- CirMWNMU. ACROSS C*rltrc mu (4 HI. I H.O CAS jAMRt VOtONf JW*4 l|* CAS S*uu UA*mni* Af 0f GAS >4UI unit outur tT,e >** SAMfttAOt iwtNaa iunATuc UYIAATVAX t i i TOtAl av(*ac4 :-------------1-------------- 1 l Art. A**. A*t- F-'j-ue ipj-s. Held diti 4.6.4 To begin sampling, position the noz gen by dividing by 13. This factor Includes zle at the flrst traverse point with the tip the ratio of the dry molecular weights and a pointing directly into the gas stream. Imme correction for the different orifice calibration diately start the pump and adjust the flow factors for hydrogen and air. This procedure to Isokinetic conditions. Sample tor at least Is diagrammed below: 5 minutes at each traverse point: sampling time must be the same for each point. Main oi--tvc al- --Multiply (Set this on tain Isokinetic sampling throughout the sam pling period, using tho following procedures. by \ ui tv fit / .m nomugniph. 4.6.4.1 Nomographs which aid ui the rapid adjustment of the sampling rate without other computations are tn APTD-057G and are available from commercial suppliers. The available nomographs, however, are set up ltiuiliiil -1/1--Divide by 13 - 117/ to In: melon tlud.-r 1 >ox. for use In air streams, and minor changes arc required to provide applicability to hydrogen. 4.6.4.2 Calibrate the meter box orifice. Use the techniques as described in APTD-0576. 4.6.4.3 The correction factor nomograph discussed In APTD-0570 and shown on the reverse side of commercial nomographs will not be used. In Its place, the correction factor 4.6.4.6 Operate the sample train at the calculated aH at each sample point. 4.6.5 Turn off the pump at the conclusion of each run and record the final readings. Immediately remove the probe and nozzle from the stack and handle In accordance with the sample recovery process described In sec tion 4.7. will be calculated using equation 102-2. 4.7Sample recovery. 4.7.1 (Alt glass storage bottles and the 0 = 0.01 (Co.v.) r. I'm r,,, A/, graduated cylinder must be precleaned as In section 4.5.1). This operation should be per formed tn an area free of possible mercury where: ccj. 102 : C = Correction factor. Cf = Pitot tube cocfllclent. W = Mole fraction dry gas. P = Stack pressure. ItiHg. P- = Meter pressure, InHg. T = Meter temperature. *R. M< = Molecular weight of stack gas i fron 4.4.4). Ib/lb mol*. AH * = Meter box ' calibration factor, oh talned in sup 4.6.4.2. contamination. Industrial laboratories and ambient air around mercury-using facilities are not normally free of mercury contamina tion. When the sampling tram is moved, care must be exercised to prevent breakage and contamination. 4.7.2 Disconnect the probe from the tmptnger train. Place the contents (measured to =1 ml) of the first three lmpinqcrs into a 500 ml sample bottle. Rinse the probe and alt glassware between It and the buck half of the third bnpinger with two 50 ml por tions of 0.1M IC1 solution. Add these rinses 4.C.4.4 Set the calculated correction factor to the first bottle. Pur a blank, place R0 ml on the front of the operating nomograph. of the 0.1M Id In a too ml sample bottle. Select the proper nozzle and set the K-factor Place tbe silica gel In the plastic jar. beni and on the nomograph as detailed In APTD-0576. secure atl containers for shipment, ff an ad 4.6.4.S Read tile velocity head in the stack ditional test is desired, the glassware can he at each sample point from the manometer in carefully double rinsed with distilled wn'er tlio meter box. Convert tho hydrogen JP to. and reassembled. However. If the glassware is an equivalent value for air by multiplying by to be out of use more than 2 days, tbe initial a ratio of the molecular weight of mr to hy acid wash procedure muit be followed. drogen at the stack moisture content. Insert 4.fl Analysis--4.8.1 Apparatus prrpura- this value of aP onto the nomoprnph and (ion.--Clean all glassware according to the read on aW. Again, convert the aM. which Is procedure at section 4.5.1. Adjust the mstru- an air equivalent value, to the aH for hydro mout settings according to the Instrument manual, using an absorption wavelength or 253.7 nm. 4.8.2 Analysis preparation.--Adjust the air deltve.-y pressure and the needle valie to obtain constant air flow of about 1.3 l ntm. The analysis tube should be bypa.'-scd ex cept during aeration. Purge the equipment for 2 minutes. Prepare a sample of mercury standard solution 13 4.2) according tu sec tion 4.8.3. Place the analysis tube in the hue. and aerate until a maximum peak height is reached on the recorder. Remove the an.dvsis tube, flush the tines, and rinre the analysis tube with distilled water. Repeat with another sample of the same standard solution. This purge and analysis cycle is to be repeated until peak heights are repro ducible. 4.8.3 Sample preparation.--Just prior to Analysis, transfer a sample aliquot of up to 50 ml to the cleaned 100 ml analysis tube. Adjust the volume to 50 ml with 0.1M ici If required. Add 5 ml of 10 N sodium hydrox ide. cap tube with a clean glass stopper and shake vigorously. Prolonged, vigorous shak ing at this point is necessary to obtain an accurate analysis. Add 5 ml of the reducing agent (reagent 3.3.2), cap tube with a clean glass stopper and shake vigorously and im mediately place In sample line. 4.8.4 Mercury determination.--After the svstem has been stabilized, prepare samples from the sample bottle according to section 4.8.3. Aerate the sample until a mixunum peak height Is reached on the recorder. The mercury content Is determuicd by comparing the peak heights of the samples to the peak heights of the calibration solutions. If col lected samples are out of the linear range, the samples should be diluted. Prepare a blank from the 100 ml bottle according to section 4.8.3 and analyze to determine the reagent blank mercury level. 5. Calibration.--5.1 Sampling Train. 5.1.1 Use standard methods and equipment as de tailed In APTD-0578 to calibrate the raie meter, pitot tube and dry gas meter. Recali brate prior to each test series. 5.2 Analysis.--5.2.1 Prepare a calibra tion curve for the spectrophotometer using the standard mercury solutions. Ploc.tho peak heights read on the recorder versus the concentration of mercury In the standard solutions. Standards should be interspersed with the samples since the calibration can change slightly with time. A new calibration curve should be prepared for each new set of samples run. 6. Calculations--6.1 Average dry ga. meter temperature, stack temperature, stack pies-, sure and average orifice pressure drop.--Sec data sheet (flg. 102-6). C 2 Dry gas volume.--Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter to stack conditions by using equation 102-3. r. a) " Tm . 1>. Wlii'U* oq. 102-3 1 , - V.ihimc of cas 'jnipt'* (limiiidi tliv dry g i< mwi-r nils k comlibimM. It.* r, = Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (meter conditions), ft'. T. -- Average temperature of stack gas. 'R. T- --Average dry gas meter temperature, R. PMir " Barometric pressure at the orifice meter, InHg. 511 = Average pressure drop across the ori fice meter. uiH O. 13.0 Specific gravity of mercury. P. = Stack pressure. P..g;siatlc pressure. InHg. Ho. 60--pt. It- FEDERAL DECISTf*, VOL 38. NO. 45--FlttOAY, AFtll 6, 1973 8844 6J Volume of voter vapor. cq. 102-4 hrrr: t'.,-Volume of watrr vapor in thr fan umplt (suck COUdltlUllSj, ft1. X.-0.00X7ln' when these nniu era used, ml. - It Vi-Total volume of liuuld colleutvil In lmpingen ml FilU'it col ( liiturr I';). ml. T.--Avenue st.U'k Ban temperature, *H. A--Stack pressure, Pt,, stai.c pressure. In. lip. 6.4 Total gas volume. J cq. 102-5 where: Yi.t.ia: total volume of Ran sample (stack conditions), ft-1. V,-Volume of par tlirmifli dry pa* meter (slack condition*), fl1. 1'. --Volume of u ;it'T vapur lit p:*a sample (stack coiidilioiu), if. VCt'-ft* or LtOUtO WAI^CX'.fCUO PINAt INITIAL lioujo cournto TOTAL VOLUME COUtCTtO arms** VOLW-C, _____ 2_____1L i S4'CA ca tiunr. * 9*j - tewminKXtot'tuvinva.vmn dividirg totsl wight MCUAll IT MMUT Of SAtlR. II >-lt JS(ISflfil*Ll X U vauw WATtt ml Flgin 102-7. Arulyllcrl ditl. C.S Stack gas velocity--Use equation 102-6 to calculate the stack gas velocity. . T(*.)e.= -StC,(>A/>)1 I (T)**. V pm cq 102-6 There: (ej..,. --Avenue stock fan velocity, feet persceond. ,, ___ ft/ Ih-litllB y/r. K, ,b nioiGe.|i.|nll>u ) wb*n these units nro n--d. C,-Pilot tub* confident, dlmensionlesa (T.1..1. -Average slack fss temperature, *K. Hat')Avrrncn viuaro root of tlio ve|o. ily head of (tack pas linHjO)i/> (see lit-tre litt-d, P, -Slack pressure, i'..,5tulle prcssuie, m lip. It, --Molecular welcht of stack pas (wet basis!, tho summation of tho products of tlxi molecular would of em-li component multiplied by Its volmnetrle pioportlou In the rauture, Ib/lb-mol*. Figure 103-6 shows a sample recording sheet for velocity traverse data. Use the averages in the last two columns of figure 102-8 to de termine the aversge stack gas velocity from equation 102-6. 6.6 Mercury collected. Calculate the total weight of mercury collected by using eq. 102-7. RULES AND REGULATIONS PLANT DATE_____________________________________ RUN NO. STACK DIAMETER, in. BAROMETRIC PRESSURE. In. Hg; STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK (Pj). in. Hg. OPERATORSj____________________ _________________ SCHEMATIC OF STACK CROSS SECTION Traverse point number Velocity head. In. HaO vs; Stack Temperature V**F /* AVERAGE: Figure 102-8. Velocity traverse data. KDERAl tfCISTII, VOL 31. NO. *4--FRIDAY, AMU , 1973 F.-00398 RULES AND REGULATIONS 884.", Wi = ViC:-V*Ct_____eq. 102-7 when: nri=Tout weight of mercury collected. *g. y, =Total volume of condensed moisture and IC1 in sample bottle, ml. Ct = Concentration of mercury measured in sample bottle, eg/ml. V,=Total volume of IC1 used In sampling (lmplnger contents and all wash amounts), ml. C'=Blank concentration of mercury In ICl solution. mB' ml. 8.7 Total mercury emission.--Calculate the total amount of mercury emitted from each stack per day by equation 102-8. This equation is applicable for continuous opera tions. For cyclic operations, use only the time per day each stack is in operation. The total mercury emissions from a source will be the summation of results from all stacks. ,, IP.O'.).., /l.w8M00 scconds/tlnv Kui 1U` MP.g where: cq. 102-8 E-- Rate of emission, e/day. H', --Total weight of mercury collected, nc. Ti-ni'-Toial volume ofgas sample t-tack eoiuliiious), ft*. (.,)-Average stack gas velocity, feet per second. A.-Stack area, fl*. 6.8 Isokinetic variation (comparison of velocity at gas in probe tip to stack velocity). r 100 Vtotal i-t.eo,).,,. cq. 102-9 where: /--Percent of Isokinetic sampling. Futti--Total volume ofgas sample {stack condition*), ft*. A--Prolie tip area, ft*. -- Sampling time. v>*. --Average stack g.u velocity, feet trT second. 7. Evaluation of results.--7.1 Determina tion of compliance.--7.1.1 Each performance test shall consist of throe repititions of the applicable test method. For the purpose of determining compliance with an applicable national emission standard, the average of results of all repetitions shall apply. 7.2 Acceptable isokinetic results.--7 2.1 The following range sets the limit on ac ceptable isokinetic sampling results: 1C EOllrtalsSllO'T. the results arc acceptable; otherwise, reject the test and repeat. 8. References.--1. Addendum to Specifi cations for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities. PHS, NCAPC. Dec. 6. 11)87. 2. Determining Dust Concentration In a Gas Stream, ASME Performance Test Code No. 27. New York. N.Y., 1057. 3. Devorkln. Howard, ct al.. Air Pollution Source Testing Manual. Air Pollution Con trol District. Los Angeles. Calif.. Nov. 1303. 4. Hatch. W. R. and W. L. Ott. "Determina tion of Sub-Mlcrogram Quantities of Mer cury by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotom etry." Anal. Chem.. <0: 2085-87. 1008. 5. Mark. L. S,, Mechanical Engineers* Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York. N.Y.. 1951. fl. Martin. Robert M.. Construction Details of Isoklnettc Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency, APTD0581. 7. Methods for Determination of Velocity, Volume, Dust and Mist Content of Gases. Western Precipitation Division of Joy Manu facturing Co.. Los Angeles. Calif. Bull. WP-50. 13G8. 8. Perry. J. H., Chemlcat Engineers* Hand book, McGraw-Hill Book Co.. Inc., New York, N.Y.. 1900. B. Rom, Jerome J., Maintenance, Calibra tion. and Operation of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment. Environmental Protec tion Agency. APTD-0078. 10. Shlgehara. R. T.. W. P. Todd, and W. S. Smith. Significance of Errors In Stack Sam pling Measurements. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis. Mo,, June 14-19. 1970. 11. Smith, W. S.. et at.. Stack Gas Sam pling Improved and Simplified with New Equipment, APCA paper No. 07-119. 1907. 12. Smith, W. 3.. R. T. Shigohara..and W. P. Todd. A Method of Interpreting Stack Sam pling Data. Paper presented at the 03d An nual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association. St. Louis. Mo.. June 14-19. 1970. 1J. Specifications tor Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities PHS. NCAPC. 1907. 14. Standard Method tor Sampling Stacks for Particulate Matter, In: 1971 Book ol ASTM Standards, part 23. Philadelphia. 1971, ASTAI Designation D-2928-71. 15. Vennard. J. K.. Elementary Fluid Me chanics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1947. METHOD 103. DESYIXtUM SCREENING METHOD 1. Principle and applicability.--1.1 Prin ciple.--Beryllium emissions are lsokinetl'ally sampled from three points in a duct or stack. The collected sample Is analyzed lor beryl lium using an appropriate technique. 1.2 Applicability.--This procedure details guidelines and requirements lor methods acceptable lor use In determining beryllium emissions In ducts or stacks at stationary sources, as specified under the provisions of 5 01.14 of the regulations. 2. Apparatus--2.1 Sampling train.--A schematic of the required sampling train configuration is shown in figure 103-1. The essential components of the train are the following: 2.1.1 Nozzle.--Stainless steel, or equiva lent. with sharp, tapered lending edge. 2.1.2 Probe.--Sheathed Pyres > glass. 2.1.3 Filter.--Milllpore AA. or equivalent, with appropriate filter holder that provides a positive seal against leakage from outside or around the filter. It Is suggested that a Whatman 41, or equivalent, be placed Imme diately against the back side of the Millipore filter as a guard against breakage of the Milllpore. Include the Whatman 41 in the analysis. Equivalent filters must be at least 99.95 percent efficient (DOP Test) and amenable to the analytical procedure. ram FigM 103*1. leiyniao BWti MIM: u-f't vain schematic. 2.1.4 Mefer-pump system.--Any system that will maintain Isokinetic sampling rate, determine sample volume, and is capable ol a sampling rate of greater than 0.5 cfm. 2.2 Measurement of stack conditions (stack pressure, temperature, moisture and velocity).--The following equipment shall be used In the manner specified In section 4.3.1. 2.2.1 Pitot tube.--Type S, or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 percent over the working range. 2.2.2 Differential pressure gauge.--In clined manometer, or equivalent, to mcasuro velocity head to within 10 percent of the minimum value. * Mention of trade names or specific prod ucts does not constitute endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agcney. 2.2.3. Temperature gauge.--Any tempera, turc measuring device to measure stack tem perature to within 5' P. 2.2.4 Pressure gauge.--Any device to measure stack pressure to within 0.1 In. Hg. 2.2.5 Barometer.--To measure atmos pheric pressure to within 0.1 In. Hg. 2.2.6 .Moisture determination.--Wet and dry bulb thermometers, drying tubes, con densers. or equivalent, to determine stack gas moisture content to within 1 percent. 2.3 Sample recovery.--2.3.1 Probe clean ing eeimpmcnt.--Probe brush or cleaning rod at least as long as probe, or equivalent. Clean cotton balls, or equivalent, should be used with the rod. 2.3.2 Leaklcss glass sample bottles. 2.4 Analysis.--2.4.1 Equipment neces sary to perform an atomic absorption, spectrographtc, fiuorometrte, chromato graphic. or equivalent analysis. 3. Reagents.--3.1 Sample recovery.--3.1.1 Acetone.--Reagent grade. 3.1.2 Wash acid.--1:1 V/V hydrochloric acid-water. 3.2 Analysis.--3.2.1 Reagents as neces sary for the selected analytical procedure. 4. Procedure.--4.1 Guidelines for source testing are detailed In the following sections. These guidelines are generally applicable: however, most sample sites differ to some de gree and temporary alterations such as stack extensions or expansions often are required to Insure the best possible sample stte. Fur ther. since beryllium Is hazardous, care should be taken to minimize exposure. Finally, since the total quantity of beryllium to be collected Is quite small, the test must be carefully conducted to prevent contami nation or loss of sample. 4.2 Selection of a sampling site and num ber of runs.--4.2.1 Select a suitable sam pling stte that Is as close as practicable to the point of atmospheric emission. If possible, stacks smaller than 1 foot In diameter should not be sampled. 4.2.2 The sampling site should be at '.cast eight stack or duct diameters downstream and two diameters upstream from any How disturbance such as a bend, expansion or contraction. For rectangular cross-section, determine an equivalent diameter using the following equation: 2LW '~L+W eq. 103-1 where: D- =: equ tvalent diameter L = length W= width 4.2.3 Some sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria Imprac tical. When this Is the case, an alternate site may be selected but must be no less than two diameters downstream and onehalf diameter upstream from any point of disturbance. Additional sample runs are rec ommended at any sample site not meeting the criteria of section 4.2.2. 4 2.4 Three runs shall constitute a test. The runs shall be conducted at three differeni points. The three points shall pro portionately divide the diameter, i.e. he lo cated at 25. 50 and 75 percent of the diameter from the Inside wall. For horizontal due's, the diameter shall be In the vertical direc tion. For rectangular ducts, sample on a line through the centroid and parallel to a side. If additional runs are required per section 4 2.3. proportionately divide the duct to acrnmmodatc the totnl number of runs. 4.3 Measurement of stack conditions. 4 3.1 Measure the stack gas pressure, mois ture. rind temperature, using the equipment described in f 2.2. Determine the molecular weight of the stack gas. Sound engineering estimate.; may bo made ' in lieu of direct KOEIAl REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1B73 OU1!- *.uu:3 AND REGULATIONS measurement*. The basis lor such estimates Shall be given In the test report. 4.4 Preparation of sampling train.4.4.1 Assemble the sampling train as shown In figure 103-1. It Is recommended that all glassware be precleaned by soaking In wash acid for 3 hours. 4.4.3 Leak check the sampling train at the sampling site. The leakage rat* snould not be In excess of 1 percent of the desired sample rate. 4.5 Beryllium Irnin operation.--4.3.1 For each run. measure the velocity at the selected sampling point. Determine the Isokinetic sampling rate. Record the velocity head and the required sampling rate. 4.5.3 Place the nozzle at the sampling point with the Up pointing directly into the gas stream. Immediately start the pump and adjust the llow to Isokinetic venditions. At the conclusion ol the test, record the sam pling rate. Agatu measure the veloeit? head at the sampling point. The required Isokinetic rate at the end ot the petit, i . n mid r.ut have deviated more than 20 percent from that originally calculated. 4.5.3 Sample at a minimum rate of 0.5 ff/min. Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are neoe.ssr.rv to deter mine the maximum emissions which would occur In a 24-hour periial. Jn the case of cyclic operations, sufficient t3ts shall be made so as to allow determination or calcu lation of the emissions wl.lvh would occur over the duration of the cycle. A minimum sampling time of 2 hours is recommended. 4.5.4 AU pertinent data snould be in cluded In the test report. 4.5 Sample recovery.--l.tt.l It is recom mended that all glassware be precieaned as In i 4.4.1. Sample recovery should also be performed In an area free of possible beryl lium contamination. When the sampling train Is moved, exercise car* to prevent breakage and contamination. Set aside a por tion of the acetone used In the sample re covery as a blank for analysis. The total amount ot acetone used should be measured for accurate blank correction. Blanks can be eliminated If prior analysis shows negligible amounts. 4.8.2 Remove the filter and any loose par ticulate matter from filter holder and place In a container. 4.63 Clean the probe with acetone and a brush or long rod and cotton balls. Wash Into the container, wash out the niter holder with acetone and add to the same container. 4.7 Analysis.--4.7.1 Make the necessary preparation of samples and analyze for beryl lium. Any currently acceptable method such as atomic absorption, spcctrographic. fluorometrlc, chromatographic, or equivalent may be used. 5. Calibration and standards--5.1 Sam pling train.--5.1.1 As a procedural check, sampling rate regulation should be compared with a dry gas meter, spirometer, rotameter (calibrated for prevailing atmospheric con ditions). or equivalent, attached to nozzle Inlet of the complete sampling train. 5.1.3 Data from thla test and calculations should be shown In test report. S3 Analysts.--5.3.1 Standardization la made aa suggested by the manufacturer of the Instrument or the procedures for the analytical method. 6. Calculations--6.1 Total beryllium emis sion. Calculate the total amount of beryl lium emitted from each stack per day by equation 103-3. This equation Is applicable for continuous operations. For cyclic opera tions, use only the time per day each stark Is In operation. The totnl beryllium emis sions from a source will be tho summation of results from all stacks. a NVO... /1.,,SG,400 seconds 'ilav T'wi X TO*,*,* vrlvr*: /? Rat* of c:*lav. Vi--Tn!,\1 weight of liorvltlitm *oll**'il, *C. V,,,#i-TmaJ voluin*of gas Kint|il**l. it1. <*).-Awravi Mwk ius vclnciiy, fwl [**f -'omU, .l,Si;nk ari-n, (l1. 7. Test report, 7.1 A test report shall be prepared which shall Include as a minimum: 7.1.1 A detailed description of the sam pling train used and results of the proce dural check with all data and calculations made. 7.1.3 All pertinent data taken during test, the basts for any estimates made, cal culations. and results. 7.1.J A description of the test site. In cluding a block diagram with a brief de scription ot the process, location of the sam ple points In the cross section, dimensions and distances from any point of disturbance. METHOD 104. XEFEkZNCE METHOD TO DETER MINATION OF SEXTL3.rUM EMISSIONS 7X0,14 STATIONASY 30U1CE3 1. Principle and applicability--1.1 Prin ciple.--Beryllium emissions are tsoklnetleally sampled from the source, and the collected sample la digested In an acid solution and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrooho. toraetry. K 13 Applicability--This method Is appll- cable for the determination of beryllium emissions in ducts or stacks at stationary sources. Unless otherwise specified, this method is not intended to apply to gas streams other than those emitted directly to the atmosphere without further processing. 2. Apparatus--3.1 Sampling train.____ A schematic of the sampling tram used by EPA Is shown In figure 104-1. Commercial models of this train are available, although construction details are described In APTD0581,1 and operating and maintenance pro cedures are described In APTD-0576. The components es*entlal to this sampling train are the following: 2.1.1 Notile.--Stainless steel or glass with sharp, tapered leading edge. 2.13 Probe.--Sheathed Pyrex > glass. A heating system capable of maintaining a minimum gas temperature In the range ot the stack temperature at the probe outlet during sampling may be used to prevent condensation from occurring. PUMP Figure 104-1. Beryllium sampling train 3 1.3 Pitot tube.--Type S (figure.104-3). or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 per cent over the working range, attached to probe to monitor stack gas velocity. 2.1.4 Filter bolder.--Pyres glass. The filter holder must provide a positive seal against leakage from outside or around the filter. A heating system capable of maintaining the filter at a minimum temperature In the range of the stack temperature may bo used to prevent condensation from occurring. 2.1.6 Impingers.--Four Oreenburg-Smith Implngers connected In series with glass ball Joint fittings. The first, third, and fourth implngers may be modified by replacing the Up with a -Inch l.d. glass tube extending to one-half Inch from the bottom of the flask. 2.1.6 Metering system.--Vacuum gauge, lenklcss `pump, thermometers capable of measuring temperature to within S' F. dry gas meter with 3 percent accuracy, and re lated equipment, described in APTD-0581, to maintain an Isokinetic sampling rate and to determine sample volume. 2.1.7 Barometer.--To measure atmos pheric pressure to 0.1 In Hg. 23- Measurement of stack conditions (stark pressure, temperature, moisture and refoesfy)--23.1 Pitot tube.--Type S. or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 percent over the working range. 333 Differential pressure gauge.--In clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure velocity head to within 10 percent ot the minimum value. > These documents are available for a nom inal cost from the National Technical In formation Service, VS. Deportment of Com merce. 5283 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 32131. * Mention of trade names on tpedfle prod ucts does not constitute endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 46--FRIDAY. APRIL 6. 1*73 f-00400 r RULES AND REGULATIONS 88-17 however, most sample sites dUTer to some degree and temporary alterations such as stack extensions or expansions often arc re quired to Insure the best possible sample site. Further, since beryllium is hazardous, ears should be taken to minimize exposure. Finally, since the total quantity of beryllium to be collected is quite small, the test must be carefutly conducted to prevent contami nation or loss of sample. 4.2 Selection of a sampling site and mini mum number of traverse points. 4.2.1 select a suitable sampling site that la as close as practicable to the point of at mospheric emission. If possible, stacks smaller than 1 toot in diameter should not be sampled. 4.22 The sampling site should be at least 8 stack or duct diameters downstream and 2 diameters upstream from any flow disturb ance such as a bend, expansion or contrac tion. For a rectangular cross-section, deter mine an equivalent diameter from the following equation: D.-2LW E+iv where: D. = equivalent diameter L=length W=width eq. 104-1 number or oucr diameters upstream* (DISTANCE A) 3.2.3 Temperature gage.--Any tempera ture measuring device to measure stock tem perature to within S* F. 3.3.4 Pressure gage.--Pilot tube and In clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure stack pressure to wtthln 0.1 In Hg. 2.2.5 Moisture determination.--Wet and dry bulb thermometers, drying tubes, con densers, or equivalent, to determine stack gas moisture content to within I percent. 2.3 Sample recovery--2.3.1 Probe clean ing rod.--At least as long as probe. 2.3.2 teakless glass sample bottles.--500 ml. 3.3.3 Graduated cylinder.--250 ml. 2.3.4 Plastic jar.--Approximately 300 ml. 2.4 Analysis--2.4.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer.--To measure absorbance at 234.8 nm. Perkin Elmer Model 303.. or equivalent, with N.O/acetylene burner. 2.4.2 Hot plate.' 3.4.3 Perchloric acid fume hood. 3. Reagents--3.1 Stock reagents.--3.1.1 Hydrochloric act'd.--Concentrated. 3.1.2 Perchloric acid.--Concentrated, 70 percent. 3.1.3 Hitric acid.--Concentrated. 3.1.4 Sulfuric acid.--Concentrated. 3.1.5 Distilled and deionised water. 3.1.8 Beryllium powder.--OB percent mini mum purity. 3.2 Sampling-3.2.1 Filter. -- Milllpore AA. or equivalent. It Is suggested that a Whatman 41 filter be placed Immediately against the back side of the Milllpore filter as a guard against breaking the Milllpore filter. In the analysts of the filter, the What man 41 filter should be Included with the Milllpore filter. 3.2.2 Silica gel.--Indicating typo, 8 to 18 mesh, dried at 350* F tor 3 hours. 3.2.3 Distilled and deionised water. 3.3 Sample recovery--3.3.1 Distilled and deionised water. 3.3.3 Acetone.--Reagent grade. 332 Wash acid.--l.l V/V hydrochloric acid-water. 3.4 Analysis.--3.4.1 Sulfuric acid solu tion, It H.--Dilute 333 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to 1 1 with distilled water. 3.4.2 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acidwater. 3.5 Standard beryllium solution--3.5.1 stock solution.--1 sg/ml beryllium. Dis solve 10 mg of beryllium in 80 ml of 13 N sulfuric acid solution and dilute to a volume of 1000 ml with distilled water. Dilute a 10 ml aliquot to 100 ml with 25 percent V/V hydro chloric acid, giving a concentration of 1 ig/ml. This dilute stock solution should be prepared fresh dally. Equivalent strength (In beryllium) stock solutions may be prepared from beryllium salts as BeCl, and Bc(NO,), (98 percent minimum purity). 4. Procedure. 4.1 Guidelines far source testing are detailed In the following seettons. These guidelines are generally applicable; 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 NUMBER Of OUCTDIAMETERS DOWNSTREAM* (DISTANCE B) Figure 101-3. Minimum numoei ot traverse points. PWNramnciMO-4K. IC--nwfywweeMiwcW.UtrfSecltumbur nta,cit Mwtm'teWlM ( ripn IM-f. Cm mcUmvI cl>wlr tuck SnlM IMS IS Had *!. via tnvtrev smu t cmvvm st vacs ait. 4.2.3 When the above sampling site cri teria con be met. the minimum number of traverse points.Is four <4) for stacks 1 fool in diameter or less, eight (8) for stacks larger than 1 foot but 3 feet in diameter or less, and twelve (12) toe sucks larger than 2 feet. 4.2.4 Some sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria imprac tical. When this Is the case, choose a `-or.venlent sampling location and tiso it. ur104-3 to determine the minimum num-.-r of traverse polntt. However, use figure r<:-t only for stacks 1 foot in diameter or 42.5 'To use figure 104-3, first me:, urc the distance from the chosen samphr..* ; .cation to the nearest upstream and dj.-.ustream disturbances. Divide this dista.v.v the diameter or equivalent diameter to d*-- er mine the distance In terms of pipe dii.-.c -r Determine the corresponding numu-r >( traverse points for each distance fr-m ure 104-3. Select the higher of the two :n* bers of traverse points, or a gren'er . i. such that for circular stacks the n-. i. a multiple of four, and for rectangular a the number follows the criteria ol ....... . 4.32. 42.8 It a selected samplln* point l. *: r than 1 Inch from the stsck wail. ad)-;--. . location of that point to ensure that .. sample is taken at least 1 men **>'!r :n wall. 4.3 Cross-sectional layout and loca:-.i. f traverse points. KOiRAl REGISTER. VOL 38, NO. 44--fRIDAY, APRII 4, 1473 E-00401 8848 RULES AND REGULATIONS oo e * r l! 8.5A <1 e c~ 41 E >p 2 * iibVsit ==c =a llill-I "llili !!r 1. !l s; ii n Hiiiii ii? 3^oU 5VIf,S'tx se als ftO t* 5*5 liiilliii Ku S si ei- IIS = 2? I31 !l ilsl! CL g U . V o" s NH If S -211 = *5 2 = o ill Si S1 " ss <B B 0 * . o o 5 23* c do** *3 M 0u ca o >2 =? is * 1 s^lf a c ou e *Es3 JwS N >O 3 SL* 55S 3 *5 e *g E 5 n u S C c* 2 a . A^*o>*e5O<u c 3 3 & & S23 58 If5lS* eoU* 3u. -o S 8 soSJS M O 4 <S Q * * 3 *I 3 4 9*S*L* 6cf*i e>2O ; ^ tt cC 22 -- 1 C 5 c JS ** 1 z -- 1 f *0 c 5 j> H aS " c El's5 ?? P J5 "Se-f s -ifIIs -f*aw2 !u;g? i fiaff, .5* t O Q, Sa"?3'* 22 Si S 2 5 -" 0 sS- |S;e2is52*1*=4SP C>^SiCr< t. "eg- OT3=SVS~--f3x=un-1.O"^' ry-S2>e5e5525-"22H5oc2*oju**=03a?59a * -- . c -J3? g 5 2 S iSStifc 5 <** ^gssj<sa*^ ; * =- * 2 *2e1- oj'S- 5gi!^;S*?scg(*.1-S M *# *0 ** +* Ck * C (Si ri UO1 ND ^SO 0>* Q(<1* CONNOOSdOlCO U),^ IA (A onop-CMr^oniootCM^rutco n 10 N N CO CO CO CO 01 Ot 91 OS so so o eo p-> f* n so co 1- w os N o Rt 3 rt o> N pi W os N <0 eo N <r o u> <n o p> n O 09 P-* tA OS 00 so so M o QO <n CM os CM r? so CM M s iri GO so 0s. so U)Ot` 0<ntAiON(O*fIOU> pN>S^ONNOCifO)KONh^NCQOQnNO*)- fGOUn)0O*3>sOOpS* 09SsS0OmM-1r-<KOSIA*fOpM(CI QN mNNf)SONN(09lOlOl ^Na^OMUIO N SO F* N vm SO N CM CO 3 K IO 00 at %n 4 n n 0 >0 n O OS (Si N r* 1- <*) SO 0O0s SCOl a N U) IA (1 CO * <r <r os Q ia lit f* N n co p* >/> SO SO ds N to as CO OS Ot Q e 41 m +* i&lsi p-Me*^tO'0fMeio^Mf*+to<or*flOta o fi <M m N*'W CM CM CM i avago o a S 9 U am 5G S3" 8^5 3* *O! = Mo - - S =2 ^2 E wo e --> *--Sr Sa * i.32-o *3s igSH 2 f <5 g CL E 33 **1 3 M"o aort |= 23? * ** g-O 3T oi & A |-8 c e " -- 3"3 bG A 2 5- E-- a 3 >.3 -S 2 3 :uc< *52 ** e|^ Crt Og . 2S3 sa<"SS2 -- EgAo _ tjn o|i| n 5- 2 S e o o 3 e;"3 Sb" 3=3 sliaa g 3 & 3o v2S<. I X.**-I'S j 5 of? -- T g= u _ 32 Ss s2 -- 3 '-gefae3 3o * ^uSu^e k. c Mm m t m < t ( 1o ^? kQ* **4 a5 b 5 O = -- 3 BS < tS2gS a > cS* 8 o a -2^3 S = 2 -- A B M <5 S-CO 14gs: -- O W 4# t# ? Ms!t M O -S' 5 8|S>* *23*15 S?5So 3 u5 g 53 S|5 3g v 9 fl*03 * J5aS 7.i 3* ow J3 ^ o 5^ .-23s SS*-S.|I2A o#!-S ill! 3 E 3 * |2S|S? mi 3 S g.3* B a ;3 ugo32SO- C" SSe3.3-3s'^ ** -- *{ ** 3^3 e.2 #3a fisis * 2 3 = . # uui(!*0 2S2 32_ 2_ ta? P-00A02 RULES AND REGULATIONS a&ia 'from the tack and handle In accordance with the sample recovery process described in i 4.7. 4.7 Sample rccocery.---4.7.1 (All glass storage bottles and the graduated cylinder must be preclcaned as In i 4.5.1.) Thls onera tion should be performed In an area free of possible beryllium contamination. When the sampling train Is moved, care must be exer cised to prevent breakage and contamination. 4.7.2 Disconnect the probe from the implnger train. Remove the filter and any loose particulate matter from the filter holder and place In a sample bottle. Place the contents (measured to ml ml) of the first three lmpingers into another sample bottle. Rinse the probe and all glassware between It and the back half of the third lmpinger with water and acetone, and add this to the latter sam ple bottle. Clean the probe with a brush or a long slender rod and cotton balls. Use acetone while cleaning. Add these to the sample bot tle. Retain a sample of the water and acetone as a blank. The total amount of wash water and acetone used should be measured for ac curate blank correction. Place the stltca gel In the plastic Jar. Seal and secure all sample containers for shipment. If an additional test la desired, the glassware can be carefully dou ble rinsed with distilled water and reassem bled. However. If the glassware is to be out of use more than 2 days, the initial acid wash procedure must be followed. 4.8 Analysis. 4.8.1 Apparatus preparation.--Clean all glassware according to the procedure of sec tion 4.5.1. Adjust the Instrument settings according to the Instrument manual, using an absorption wavelength of 234.8 nm. 4.8.2 Sample preparation.--The digestion of beryllium samples Is accomplished in port In concentrated perchloric acid. Caution: The analyst must Insure that the sample Is heated to light brown fumes after the Initial nitric acid addition; otherwise, dangerous perchlorates may result from the subsequent perchloric acid digestion, perchloric acid also should be used only under a perchloric acid hood. 4.8.2.1 Transfer the filter nnd any loose particulate matter from the sample container to a 150 ml beaker. Add 35 ml concentrated nitric acid. Heat on a hotplate until light brown fumes are evident to destroy all or ganic matter. Cool to room temperature and add 5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid and 5 ml concentrated perchloric acid. Then pro ceed with step 4.8.2.4. 4.8.2.2 Place a portion of the water and acetone sample into a ISO ml beaker and put on a hotplate. Add portions of the remainder as evaporation proceeds and evaporate to dry ness.-Cool the residue and add 35 ml concen trated nitric acid. Heat on a hotplate until light brown fumes are evident to destroy any organic matter. Cool to room temperature and add 5 ml concentrated sulfuric add, and 5 ml concentrated perchloric add. Then pro 6J Volume of water vapor. ceed with step 4.8.2.4# 1.8.2.3 Weigh the spent silica get and re port to the nearest gram. 4.8.21 Samples from 4.8.2.1 and 4.S.2.2 may lie combined here for ease of analys'4. whenc 1'-,-Vcoolnudmitieonost),wfat*t.er vapor in tin tas sample (stack Replace on a hotplate and evaporate to dry ness in a perchloric acid hood. Cool and dis solve the residue m 10.0 ml of 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acid. Samples are now ready for the atomic absorption unit'. The K,-n.Htyg ii,when lliesaunitsaraused. I*.,-Total volume of liquid collected la imphigrrs nnd silica gel (see Acura lAt-7), ml. T,-Average stack gas temperature. *K. i',-Stuck pressure, i',,,fiatic pressure, In rig. berviltum concentration of the sample must be within the calibration range of the unit. 6.4 Total gas volume. If necessary, further dilution of sample with 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acid must be V.ei.t-r..-1-r., eq. 101-4 performed to bring the sample within the calibration range. where: 4.8.3 Beryllium determination--Analyze t'l--M--Tnljil volume o( gas sample (stack conditions), the samples prepared In 4.8.2 at 234.8 nm using a nitrous oxide/acetylene flame. Alumi num. silicon and other elements can Inter fere with this method If present In large 1'..-Volume of gas through dry gat meter (stark conditions), ft1. V,-Volume of water vapor la gas sample (stack conditions), ft*. quantities. Standard methods are available, however, to effectively eliminate these Inter ferences (see Reference 5). 5. Calibration--5.1 Sampling train.-- C.5 Stack gas velocity. Use equation 104-5 to calculate the stack gas velocity. 5.1.1 t7se standard methods and equipment as detailed In APTD-0576 to calibrate the rate (v.)k.c, cvs?) meter, pitot tube, dry gas meter and probe heater (If used). Recalibrate prior to each eq. 104-5 test series. where: 5.2 Analysis.--5.2.1 Standardization is (e,),,,.- Average stack gu velocity, feet por made with the procedure as suggested by the socoud. manufacturer with standard beryllium solu tion. Standard solutions will be prepared *,,r'".84.'.5.3fseto (f.lb molbl-eI-n'HHg-ufliO V/ Q *.h,`_n from the stock solution by dilution with 25 thasa units are used. percent V/V hydrochloric acid. The linearity C,-Pitot tuba coefficient, dimensionless. of working range should be established with (T.) Average stack gas temperature, *R. a series of standard solutions. If collected (Vap) ,,,-Avengo square root of tha velocity head samples are out of the linear range, the ofstack gas UnHiO)1'* (sea figure 101-4). samples should be diluted. Standards should be interspersed with the samples since the calibration can change slightly with time. 8. Calculations--6.1 Average dry gas meter temperature, stack temperature, stack pres sure and average orifice pressure drop.--See ft-Staek pressure; Persiatic pressure. In Hr. M,-Molecular weight at stack gas (wot basis), tha summation ot tha products of the molecular weight ot each component multiplied by its volumetric proportion in the mixture, lb,lb-molc. data sheet (figure 104-6). 6.2 Dry gas volume.--Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gse meter to stack conditions by using equation 104-2. VQUM 9 uouro IATUC0UICU9 rmca V0UMC, mi stucAca OUGHT* 9 ftHM. iifm; 1-Vohimn ofgas simple tliroush the dry gus meter istsck conditions), ft*. V.-Volumo atsas sample throuih the dry gns metrr (meter conditions), ft*. A rerxco lemiiemtum o( stack sns, "It. Tm - A ver.uto dry gas meter temperature, *11. 1Y,, * llarometnc pressure at tlm orllko meter, in lie. AffnAvrr.ign |>rcssuro drop across the ortlive meter, m IliO. 11 n--Sim-iIIc gravity of moreury. fY-dtack pressure, f sialic pressure, In ilgi MitUi uouro coiuetto TOTALvoum couteno r mi `eoMvtjrr vsiorr or tt to voui* tr IHOUASt r 01KSITT Of CAtU. UgMI: dividing total wight JEjy*' vctum VATU, t Figure 104,7, AnilyUcardata. FIDEIAl KGISTK, VOL 38, NO. *t--FRIDAY, APtll 6, 1*73 E-00403 SS.>0 RULES AND REGULATIONS PLANT________ _____________________________ ___ piatp RUN wn STACK DIAMETER, in. ... BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, in. Hff. STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK (PgJ. in. Hg. OPERATORS^______________________________ Traverse point number Velocity head, in. HjO v7 """-- SCHEMATIC OF STACK CROSS SECTION Stack Temperature <V'*F AVERAGE: Figure 104-8. Velocity traverse data. Figure 104-4 (bows * sample recording (beet lor velocity traverse darn. Os* the aver ages In the last two columns of figure 104-4 to determine the average stack gas velocity Xrom equation 104-4. 6.4 Beryllium collected.--Calculate the total weight oX beryllium collected by using equation 104-4. IV| = ViCi --V.C.--V.c.-.eq, 104-4 where: W$ =s Total weight oX beryllium collected, Mg. Vi=Total volume of hydrochloric acid from step 4.S.3.4. ml. Ci = Concentration of beryllium found In sample, sg/ml. V*=Total volume of water used In Ram pling (Impinger contents plus all wash amounts), ml. C = Blank concentration of beryllium In water, sg/mu V.=Total volume of acetone used In sam pling (all wash amounts), ml. C.=B!ank concentration of oerylllum in acetone, sg/ml. 6.7 Total beryllium emissions.--Calculate the total amount of beryllium emitted from each stack per day by equation 104-7. This equation Is applicable for continuous opera tions. For cyclic operations, use only the time per day each tuck is in operation. The total beryllium emissions from a source wilt be the summation of resultt Xrom all stacks. a iFi(tO,,,A, Rl*,400 sccnmK'ciny * i's. 10* Mm wlw rf eq. 104-7 H Rul* tmlHdiia pMftv. fxMfU wfii;iil <xl i*-rymum VwMt*Tc*tiU Tvlumt **l ru aumpht (>U:k cwmI.Hoiu), lf>. k vifcWty, fwt pH weiitl* 6.8 Isokinetic variation (comparison of velocity of gas in probe ftp to stack velocity). r 100V,..., d.S (*). t where: eq. 104-3 ,, 1" E,rc1,,t o( iveklneile tnmplinc. VU4.i*>Total volume oisos sample mack coniluinn.), A.-Probe Up area, il. 5-Sm|iliitg Uuie. see. (.)...,- Avcrsee stack yus velocity, feet per sctuml. 7. Evaluation of results---7.1 Determina tion o/ compliance.--7.1.1 Each performance test shall consist of three repetitions of the applicable test method. For the purpose of determining compliance with an applicable national emission standard, the average of results of all repetitions shall apply. 7.3 Acceptable isokinetic results.--7.2.1 The following range sets the limit on accept able Isokinetic sampling results: It 90 percent ^I^llO percent, the results are acceptable; otherwise, reject the test and repeat. 7. References.--1. Addendum to Specifica tions for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facil ities, PHS. NCAPC, December 6, 1967. 2. Amos, M. D., and Willis. 3. B., "Use of High-Temperature Pre-Mlxed Flames in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy," Spectrochlm. Acta, 22: 1324.1966. 3. Determining "Dust Concentration In a Gas Stream. ASME Performance Test Code No. 37. New York, N.Y.. 1957. 4. Devorkln, Howard et a!.. Air Pollution Source Testing Manual. Air Pollution Control District. Los Angeles, Calif. November 1963. 5. Fleet, B., Liberty, K. V., and West. T. S., "A Study of Some Matrix Effects In the Deter mination of Beryllium by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in the Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame Talanta, 17: 303,1970. 6. Mark, L. 3.. Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y, 1951. 7. Martin. Robert M.. Construction Details of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment. Environmental Protection Agency, APTD0581. 8. Methods for Determination of Velocity, Volume, Dust and Mist Content of Gases. Western Precipitation Division of Joy Manu facturing Co.. Los Angeles, Calif. Bulletin WP-50. 1968. 9. Perkin Elmer Standard Conditions (Rev. March 1971). 10. Perry. J. H.. Chemical Engineers' Hand book, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Znc., New York, N.Y., 1960. 11. Rem, Jerome J., Maintenance. Calibra tion, and Operation of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Pro tection Agency. APTD-0S76. 12/Shtgehara, R. T.. W. F. Todd, and W. S. Smith. Significance of Errors in Stack Sam pling Measurements. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis. Mo.. June 14-19, 1970. 13. Smith. W. S. et a!.. Stack Gas Sam pling Improved and Simplified with New Equipment, APCA Paper No. 67-119. 1967. 14. Smith, W. S., R. T. Shlgehara. and W. F. Todd, A Method of Interpreting Stack Sampling Data, Paper presented at the 63d annual meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, Mo., June 14-19. 19*0. 15. Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities, PHS. NCAPC. 1967. 16- Standard Method for Sampling Stacks for Particulate Matter, In: 1971 Book of ASTM standards. Part 23. Philadelphia. 1971, ASTM Designation D-2926-71. 17. Vennard, J. K. Elementary Fluid Me chanics. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New York. 1947. IFit Doc. 73-6423 Filed 4-4-73:8:45 am| FfDfRAl RfGISTiR, VOL 38, NO. 44--FRIDAY, APRIL 4, 1973 -00404 *r*n7frn;,'*v i i. ^-^3 ra -j m 3 wk H- f< in HH-t-i s O H> 3 Ort to fCl) iQh rr i--1 tu h*o S r+3* &*< <D ff 3 h OH- Oj O in in 3 rt 3 in O HHi rr& rt-tn o^0 rno> 3in hh C ID rt U> 30 Hin 1