Document ykxwB0eGEJ9RgByayD7L97Ldd

C-TTCr-i.^c? rpAyT^^T ^ '2 -- ~2r.m7rn D_- +-* k> Vw- -> -- vJ /v _!_ O J_ \_ .- . ,. _. ,, , j. It has been known for years that seme persons working in asbestos production were prone to develop a disabling lung disease.- In time, this condition became known as asbestosis and v;as related to exposure to high concentrations of asbestos dust. With further experience, it was found that men could work with asbestos 'without development of lung disease if dust concentrations were kept below a certain level. It has been generally accepted that a worker will not develop asbestosis if he is exposed to no more than 5 million particles per cubic foot of air, even if this exposure con tinues for his entire vrorking lifetime. Although no cases of asbestosis are known to have occurred when exposures have beer, maintained at or below this level, the ACGIH (which sets the threshold limit value (TLV) in the U. S. A.) has indicated they intend to lower the TLV for asbestos to 2 million particles per cubic foot in an effort to increase the safety factor incorporated in the limit. The U. S. Department of Labor has already issued a regulation under the Walsh-Heaiy Act placing the TLV for asbestos at 2 million particles per cubic foot for public contracts in which they have jurisdiction. This concentration of dust is generally not visible in the average work area unless a PLAINTIFF'S | / EXHIBIT 1 : UC-1547 -2 beam of light causing a Tyndall elf act is present. Us-ally the dust concentration must be frcm 8-10 million particles per cuibc Toot (K?PC?) before its presence it visible in Several-.years ago, it was reported that there was an increase in the incidence of cancerous tumors, especially of the lung, associated with asbestosis. Recently there have been reports of some cancers occurring in individuals exposed to asbestos dust, but who have not developed clinical asbestosis. It is believed by most authorities that these cases have been associated with exposures significantly exceeding the Threshold Limit Value. A type of cancer named mesothelioma has been noted to be associated with asbestos exposure in recent years. These tumors, while rather few in number to date, may occur in individuals with histories of only slight exposures, and anas as much as twenty to forty years earlier. There is considerable evidence that crccidolite is most frequently associated with mesotheliomas. Prom the data available it appears that the TLV of 5 M??C? is not low enough to protect against mesothelioma, and it is quite possible that 2 K??CF is not, either. Research on the problem continues. Control of asbestos dust exposure is therefore necessary The control methods are the standard ones applicable to a variety of dusty operations.They include closed flow systems. wet processes v:h-sre possible, and adequate exhaust ventilation where openings in the system are necessary. Pelletizing is sometimes used to improve the handling characteristics of otherwise dusty materials. where satisfactory containment to stay vrithin the Threshold Limit Value is impractical or impossible, efficient and reliable respirators are available for the protection of the employee. A program of environmental monitoring is highly desirable to determine that Threshold Limit Values are not being exceeded. In paper manufacturing, it 'would be desirable to know the dust con centrations where the asbestos is dumped from bags into the . pulp slurry. Concentrations should also be determined where dusting occurs in finishing products. V/hile initial dust determinations should be made at frequent intervals, once the level has been established as satisfactory, the frequency may be extended to occasional tests to assure continuation of a satisfactory condition. Pre-employment and periodic physical examination of 4 workers are desirable. These should include chest X-rays to insure that the worker has no chest condition prior to work with asbestos and to determine that no lung changes are resulting from work with asbestos. It is believed that the addition of asbestos at the proposed levels during the manufacture of paper products woula be harmless to the consumer. Total dusting 'would have so ho well in excess of any levels acceptable to the cor.e\ Tor the asbestos concentrations to approach the Tnresnoj.a --/mat Value. In conclusion, while asbestos bust in excess of the Threshold Lip.it Value is potentially harmful, as are many ocher cues encountered in industry, it is as readily controlled as other such dusts and it can be used safely v;acn arorcurtate orecautions. Industrial Medicine And Toxicology Department Union Carbide Corooration