Document ykNObokzJNY3D54z1v7y3XKw4

/ / American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1935 supports fitted with rollers, machined blocks, elliptical or circular rings of larger diameter than the pipe giving contact only at the bottom or trolley hangers. In all cases, allowance should be made for rod clearance to permit swinging without setting up severe bending action in the rods For pipes of small size, perforated metal strip is often used. For horizontal mains, the rod or strip usually is attached to the joists or steel Table 5. Thermal Expansion of Pipe in Inches per 100 Ft* (For superheated steam and other fluids refer to temperature column) Saturated Steam Vacuum lades of Hg. Pressure Pounds ,,SPqua-re loch Gage Tem perature Degrees Fahren heit Elongation in Inches pee 100 T FROM --20 F UP Saturated Steam CastIron Pipe Steel Pipe Wrought Iron Pipe Copper Pipe Pressure Pounds Tem perature Square Inch Gage Degrees Fahren heit Elongation in Inches per ioo ft prom --20 F u? CastIron Pipe Steel Pipe Wrought Iron Pipe ' Copper Pipe 29.39 28.89 27.99 26.48 24.04 20.27 14.63 6.45 2.5 10.3 20.7 34.5 52.3 74.9 103.3 138.3 180.9 232.4 293.7 366.1 451.3 550.3 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 0 0.127 0.255 0.390 0.518 0.649 0.787 0.926 1.051 1.200 1.345 1.495 1.634 1.780 1.931 2.085 2.233 2.395 2.543 2.700 2.859 3.008 3.182 3.345 3.511 3.683 0 0 0 664.3 0.145 0.152 0.204 795.3 0.293 0.306 0.442 945.3 0.430 0.465 0.655 1115.3 0.593 0.620 0.888 1308.3 0.725 0.780 1.100 1525.3 0.898 0.939 1.338 1768.3 1.055 1.110 1.570 2041.3 1.209 1.265 1.794 2346.3 1.368 1.427 2.008 2705 1.528 1.597 2.255 3080 1.691 1.778 2.500 1.852 1.936 2.720 2.020 2.110 2.960 2:183 2.279 3.189 2.350 2.465 3.422 2.519 2.630 3.665 2.690 2.800 3.900 2.862 2.988 4.145 3.029 3.175 4.380 3.211 3.350 4.628 3.375 3.521 4.870 3.566 3.720 5.118 3.740 3.900 5.358 3:929 4.096 5.612 4.100 4.280 5.855 500 3.847 '4.296 4.477 6.110 520 4.020 4.487 4.677 6.352 540 4.190 4.670 4.866 6.614 560 4.365 4.860 5.057 6.850 580 4.541 5.051 5.268 7.123 600 4.725 5.247 5.455 7.388 620 4.896 5.437 5.660 7.636 640 5.082 5.627 5.850 7.893 660 5.260 5.831 6.067 8.153 680 5.442 6.020 6.260 8.400 700 5.629 6.229 6.481 8.676 720 5.808 6.425 6.673 8.912 740 6.006 6.635 6.899 9.203 760 6.200 6.833 7.100 9.460 780 6.389 7.046 7.314 9.736 800 6.587 7.250 7.508 9.992 820 6.779 7.464 7.757 10.272 840 6.970 7.662 7.952 10.512 860 7:176 7.888 8.195 10.814 880- -7.375 8.098 8.400 11.175 900 7.579 8.313 8.639 11.360 920 7.795 8.545 8.867 11.625 940 7.989 8:755 9.089 11.911 960 8.200 8.975 9.300 12.180 980 8.406 9.196 9.547 12.473 1000 8.617 9.421 9.776 12.747 aFrom Piping Handbook, by Walker and Crocker. This table gives the expansion from -- 20 F to the temperature in question. To obtain the amount of expansion between any two temperatures take the difference between the figures in the table for those temperatures. For example, if a steel pipe is installed at a temperature of 60 F and is to operate at 300 F, the expansion would be 2.519 --.0.593 = 1.926 in. work of the floor above. For long runs of vertical pipe subject to con siderable thermal expansion, either the hangers should be designed to prevent excessive load on the bottom support when expansion takes place, or the bottom support should be designed to withstand the entire load. t FITTINGS Fittings for joining the separate lengths of pipe together are made in a variety of forms, and are either screwed or flanged, the former being 586 Chapter 34--Pipe, Fittings, Welding enerally used for the smaller sizes of pipe up to and including 3j^ in., fnd the latter for the larger sizes, 4 in. and above. Screwed fittings of large size as well as flanged fittings of small size are also made and are used for certain classes of work at the proper pressure. The material used for fittings is generally cast-iron, but in addition to this.malleable iron, steel and steel alloys are also used, as well as various Table 6. Tentative American Standard Dimensions of.Elbows, 45 Deg Elbows, Tees, and Crosses (Straight Sizes) for 125 Lb Cast-Iron Screwed Fittings ELBOW 45 ELBOW A Nominal Pipe Size Center to End, Eiaows, Tees and Crosses- 'C B Center to End, . 45 Deo Elbows . Length or Thread MlN; E Width or Band, Min. F Inside Diameter or Fitting Min. Max. GH Metal Thickness, Min. Outside Diameter or Band, Min. lA Vs x % i m. 2 m 3 m 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 O.D. 16 O.D. 0.81 0.95 1.12 1.31 1.50 1.75 1.94 2.25 2.70 3.08 3.42 3.79 4.50 5.13 6.56 8.08 9.50 10.40 11.82: 0.73 . 0.80 0.88 0.98 1.12 1.29 i 1.43 1.68 1.95 2.17 2.39 ; 2.61 : 3.05 3.46 4.28 ; 5.16 5.97 1 0.32 0.36 0.43 0.50 0.58 0.67 0.70 0.75 0.92 0.98 1.03 1.08 1.18 1.28 1.47 1.68 1.88 2.00 2.20 0.38 0.44 0.50 0.56 0.62 0.69 0.75 0.84 0.94 1.00 1.06 1.12 1.18 1.28 1.47 1.68 1.88 2.00 2.20 0.540 0.675 0.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.750 12.750 14.000 16.000 0.584 0.719 0.897 1.107 1.385 1.730 1.970 2.445 2.975 3.600. 4.100 4.600 5.663 6.725 8.725 10.850 12.850 14.100 16.100 0.110 0.120 0.130 0.155 0.170; 0.185 0.200 0.220 0.240 0.260 0.280 0.310 O.3S0 0.430 0.550 0.690 0.800 0.880 1.000 0.93 1.12 1.34 1.63 1.95 2.39 -2.68 ..3.28 3.86 4.62 5.20 5.79 7^05 8.28 10:63 13:12 15.47 16.94 19.30 AH dimensions given in inches. grades of brass of bronze. The material to be used depends on the character of the service and the pressure. As in the case of pipe, there are several weights of fittings manufactured. Recognized American Standards for the various weights are as follow: Cast-iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings for 25 lb (sizes 4 in. and larger), 125 lb, and 250 lb maximum saturated steam pressure.