Document yZOwoBg6Ld3gbjZ5mqKKmeVV

i rasauwa TttcoBM nasmmm UCAD AEtCeOL SZ2Z DI5TRI3UTICB3 ZH AUTCHCSIH ZXBAU8TS Bva objective of thlr rerearch program la to Caspar* car*full/ l*a4 aeroeal chamcterlrtlc* la the axbeurta of automobile* both with and vltbcut hydrocarbon control device* and to do the** atudia* la a large tart chamber o that axhaurt dlrparaloo condition* vmld apprcodemt* thoaa which art actIra la tha atsvxphar*. Macuralco Va now know that owar tha nart tan year* sort autoeobllaa aold la tha 0.8. will ba required to bava modification* which will raduea hydro* carton awl CO eniralcnr frtn tha axhaurt by 80 par cant or oora. Hodlfleatlcoa of tha axhaurt ryrtea have baan latroducad by Q< and ford, but wbatbar thata modification* will altar tha lead aaroaol emit;! or.* ar wall aj tha hydrocarbon* Apparently remain* to ba datanrlaed. Depending upoa tha ralrtlva affect* of various coalition* within tha modified axhaurt ytten, ooa might poatulata tha production of a lead aaroaol with althar a larger or aaallar tlxa distribution wbao compared to that fre a currant ucBodlflad axhaurt system. An lncraar* la tha lead particle alia dirtTi bet lcc c-cxild ba axpactad If agglcmaratlco or *urf*c# retention and scaling vara Increased, whare'i* an extended ton# of high taermrature which sain* talned tha lead c<rp<xuilr In a vapor (tat* for a prolonged parted might raduea tha il:< dlrtrlbutlca. Tha chrclcal eatur# of tha lead and tha amount ratalnad by tha exhmurt (/(ten ujr alro ba altarad by tha axhaurt - - hydrocarbon control modification*. Ar darcrlbad belew, that* axhaurt rtudlar would ba conducted by introducing tha angina axhaurt directly frem tha tall plpa Into a vary large chamber--volum* approximately 1000 cublo cater*. Tba arallrbl* chaeber la an underground bunker pravlourly ured for K1XX mlrtll* atoragt. Sine* tha chanter la wxiarground, tha tart vahdcla can b# placed directly over tha chamber and tha axhaurt directed deveward Into tha chamber. Thus, ducting of tha tart rtraaa it practically eliminated and there can be little question that tha full tit* spectra of axhaurt aaroaolr raachar the c!amber. In tha chamber, bacaura of It* large alt*, dltparaicn and dilution of the axhaurt should proceed In a manner which la generally almllar to tha proc*are* acting In tha open atmosphere. In the chamber, dilution and cooling of tha axhaurt ahould be relatively rapid and wall effect* would ba minor. Cthaurt aaroaol rtudlea using thla chamber facility should provide data on aaroaol characteristic* which can be extrapolated to the real urban atnrephere. Th-* ti.l* program voU/t ba an Important link betwean the Inrtl* tute'r prevlour atudler of lead aeroeol* In urban atmosphere* arl tha labo ratory aturtle* ruch ar thora carried tut by JtirecMer. Thera r**areh rerult* would ream to have application* of more than academic lntarert to the tnduelry because thl* type of research on autemo* btla ai)eut emlMlcvia ccuid provide the leal tnduelry with information fre which future anvlrcrxsantal otv.ltlloot could te animated larad on change* being cm-1* to autrrar.hll# dealgn. In addition, at mentlceved above, the data which would b* ettAired fra tha Urge tart chamber would aid In relating laboratory and atmospheric research finding*. t ill' i wmy!1y>4^ n -jmjjW." ay X'. Method of Approach Ae Indicated above, our method of determining lead aaroaol charac teristics would be to operate test care oo a chassis dynamometer, to In troduce the exheuet directly into a large tart cheater, and to take samples of the aaroaol fra* the cheater for elee analyte*, and chemical dataruina tions. Total lead cal ((lent from the axlAust rysbea would be detereined by sampling a soall aliquot of the exhaust stream at the tail pipe, foe tbeee cheater etudiee we have nearby and preeently available to ul a large underground bunker which wee built tor a HIKE missile. It le about 60 x kO x 15 feet in aixe. It can be closed off end would be well euited for theee etudiee becauee exhauet gate* going Into the chaster would be diluted la a earner quite elallar to the way they are diluted la the etmoephere. We could even place the dynaacoeter and vehicle lnelde the cheater if thia seemed deelrable. large particle fallout frem the exhauet system could be determined by positioning eenqillcg laetrumeate in the bunker directly under the exhauet gae entry port, flezyler* would aleo be po sitioned eoBe dletance away from the entry port where exhauet conditions would be more nearly like those encountered on the sidewalk beeld* a major street, rant would be used to nix the air la the chanter but at a relatively slow rate. for test vehicle* we would suggest, at least as a start. Ball corgact 6't and larger, heavier V3*e. Since we vast to check on possibly large change*, theee test cere probably should be CM and ford products rather than Chrysler product* because Chrysler 1* obtaining exhaust control by carbu ret icc and ignition changes, while (X and Ford are using the raalfoldexidatloo system. Each car would b* tested with and vitbeait the hydrocarbon control unit Installed and for several dyraccioeter cycles which would typify urban and highway driving. Fuel cc&*v*pticn and operational parameter* would also te obtained for each test. A program on the nature of the aerosols in auto exhaust could obviously be long and complex unless strict control were maintained on the masher of variables considered and oo the msshsr of objectives to be achieved by the program. V* believe that this research on lead aerosol* should start with the teetlcg of only a few automobile* selected oo the basis of an estimate of the diversity of conditions within the exhaust eyetene. Furthermore, driving cycles should be chosen which might bo expected to produce e wide divergence In the nature of the lead emissions. The analysis of the initial test result* should then show whether there is any necessity for further re search Involving a metre realistic cross section of the automobile population and probable operating condition*. Since we would have to install a dynamometer at our test installation, a logical question Is whether It might not be easier to construct a tsst chwwab-r at sn eolalla- facility haring a dynarweter and theft carry out the pre-t^aa th-re. In arawer to this, It Is cur bellsf that c*:r available cha*I--r, because of Its large site, offers a unique opportunity to eppruxlrat* atmospheric dllutlm* of the full exlaust stream lft a system where ducting of the exhaust will not be necessary, wall losses will be a minima, and residence tlcei in the chamber can be relatively long. These factors seem to be especially waitable ones for this proposed pro gram where direct applicant lily of the results to the open atexsrphere la ora of the research goals. Titus, we believe that our suggested approach, bringing the dynamometer to the chamber site, Is the one meet likely to provide reliable research data on the nature of lead aeroeol emissions from exhaust-controlled automobiles.  -A 9 i xept for the dytaaaaaeter and tha autcnobllea, va bara available to ua berth the wjulpaant Mid the analytical experience necessary to carry out this prograa. In cany respects this proposed prograa would ralato closely to our previous research for the Load Zinc Research (hrganlxation, and ee a rarult there should ba Llttla taat procedure developoeat Doceaaary. ntxsBJM oom It baa already baas Baatlooad that this atudy would cot have to ba a lonf tern or cccplex effort to provide a useful aecunt of raaearch data, and a pra) lal nary astlaate of coata baa bean eada on tha baa la of a Halted taat procras. This pralinlnary coat figure for tba raaearch, but excluding coata of a chaaata dynacoBetar and tha nacaaaary teat car*, la approxlnataly $32,000. A leaaa arrangeisent can probably ba aade for a portable cbaaala dynaaoeatar. Taat cara could altbar ba leaaad or jwrehaead. tbla raaaarch prograa could probably ba ecoplated In a period of 6 to 8 acetha. It could be began early in 1967. August 5, 1966 dear kttuca, Senior Meteorologist Dapartaant of Ataocpberlc Sciencaa Stanford Research Institute _ 1