Document yYxm1v59MeR9NDr0GBJKrBLX

.1 /i : \ / ` ' 1^-5 v/ -1. iS2V. .V JlUf.jOf.il i. r.... :u AC i uk* 11:> A'H* INC. r :^o uiw uuii.ding m ?*< ji i*(.' .a:-: *; .\i: VI M CUt t . OOYO. O'u'm.m FnANKtlN W. K*i V.l , r*aui,-u fUSSELL . WV.v President December 13, 1971 ' * * \ 'i TO: AIR QUALITY COMMITTEE In the December 7, 1971 Federal Register (Vol 36, No. 235), EPA announced proposed emission standards for three hazardous air pollutants--asbestos, beryllium, and mercury. Hazardous pollutants are defined as substances which may threaten public: health and whose release to the atmosphere must be carefully controlled. The Clean Air Amendments of 1970 permit the Administrator to establish emission standards for these pollutants even though their current ambient levels do not constitute a dangerous threat. The standards apply to facilities for producing. manufacturing, or using these substances. There is no mention of asbestos from clutches, or brake linings_in_the proposed standards. However, the Administrator noted that information on many possible sources of these pollutants is not available in sufficient detail to permit the estab lishment of emission standards on all sources. Investigations are underway and the standards may be modified in the future on the basis of the findings. EPA is required to hold public hearings and set forth standards within 180 days of this announcement unless the pollutants are clearly demonstrated to be not hazardous. A notice of the date, time and location of public hearings will be announced within 30 days and written comments will be received for 90 days. The Administrator specifically requested scientific information on the levels of these pollutants which constitute a risk to public health and the extent to which these emission standards would be of benefit to the public health. The standards for the three pollutants are: Asbestos There is no standardized method of measuring asbestos mission levels? so, the proposed standards are not &001 0059 PPObTirnn pv pnpp> numerical values but are expressed in terms of required control practices that will limit emissions to an acceptable level. These practices include: 1. Use of filters to clean gases from mining, milling, manufacturing, and fabrication of asbestos-containing materials 2. Eliminate visible emissions from all sources related to asbestos. 3. Prohibit the spraying of asbestos for fire proofing and insulation except where the 'spraying is done under controlled conditions. The basic processing of asbestos is done in nine mills within the United States. It is estimated that the cost of complying in these mills will average about 0.9% per ton. Manufacturing facilities to be controlled include asbestos-cement products, asbestos--containing floor tile, asbestos-reinforced friction material, asbestos paper, and asbestos textiles. An average increase in product price of 0.3% for all manufacturers of asbestos containing products is estimated. The most significant increase will be 2.6% for asbestos paper products. The prohibition of spray applications of asbestos for insulating and fire-proofing is regarded as having no major impact on the price of asbestos. Substitute materials may increase raw material cost as much as 15%, but no due equipment or extensive retraining of personel will be required. / . Beryllium The proposed beryllium standards are: 30 day30 minutes- O.Ol^ug/mS ... . 25 yug/m-3 T ssty;;y The beryllium emission standards will be applied to ex traction plrmto, machine rihopo, foundrieo, ceramic planto, repellent plants, and incinerators designed to dispose of toxic substances. The sources may elect to comply with either the 30 day ambient air standard listed above, or an emission standard of no more than 10 grams of beryllium per 24 hour day. If the former control is chosen, the source must measure air concentrations using a sampling network proved by EPA. If the later ie ohoaon, the eouroe 6001 0060 Tm nTM r>w -3- must periodically test emissions# and report the results to EPA. The extreme, toxicity of beryllium has long been recognized, so most sources already have the emission controls in- place to comply with these standards. The beryllium collected in the control equipment can be resold to primary extraction plants, and the cost of control will be almost entirely Offset. Mercury The mercury emissions standards were developed to insure ambient air concentration of less than 1 /ag/m3 averaged over 30 days. The proposed standard, which apply to plants manufacturing chlorine and alkalide caustic, as well as, primary mercury mines, limit emis sions from each facility to not more than 5 pounds of mercury during any 24 hour period. It is estimated that the cost of controlling mercury emissions is equal to approximately 2.5-3.5% of the total product worth. Partial recovery of these costs can be expected from the resale of recovered mercury. The hazardous air pollutants standards must be met by any existing source 90 days after the final regulations are published. However, a waiver of up to two years is possible if the facility cannot be controlled immediately and if steps are taken to assure that the public health will be protected from the immediate risks of significant harm. The President may grant a two year exception if he finds that the technology required is not available and the operation of the source is necessary for the national security. . The existing sources to which the standards apply are required to report to EPA giving information about operations and emissions control systems. New construc tions or modification of existing sources can only be undertaken with approval of EPA. A fee will be charged to defray all or part of the cost of reviewing applications for approval of due construction or plant modification. A copy of the proposed regulation is attached. H.B.WEAVER, Manager Environmental Engineering Attachment Copies to: Industrial Plant. Pollution Control Committee Company Counsel - J2 ......................- - -----------------------. eooi oo6i \r PROF)! TOFTY RY FORTY -mu PROPOSED RULE MAKING entitled l protection its Unde secrets of gucii pcr&on. Vic Admlnitlr.itor ih.i11" consider such records, reports, or In formation. or particular part thereof, confidential In accordance v.ith the pur poses of section 1003 of title 18 of the United Stales Code, except that such records, reports, or Information, or parf tlcular part thereof, may be disclosed to other officers, employees, or authorized representatives of the United States con cerned with carrying out the provisions of the Act or when relevant in any pro ceeding under the Act.. 61*3-1 Suite authority. The provisions of this part shall not be construed In any manner to preclude any State or political subdivision thereof from: (a) Adopting and enforcing any emls- (lon standard or Limitation applicable to a stationary source provided that such emission standard or limitation Is not less stringent than the national emission standard lor hazardous air pollutants ap plicable to such source. (b) Requiring the owner or operator of a stationary, source to obtain permits, licenses, or approvals prior to initiating construction, modification, or operation of such source. 5ubport --Nolionol- Emission Stondcircfs for A ocslos 61.20 Applicability. The provisions of this subport arc ap plicable to the following sources of at mospheric asbestos: Asbestos ovine*; Asbestos mills; Buildings, structures, or focilltles within WhJcti manufacturing or fabnc-MIng opera tions Involving the use of commercial as bestos tre carried on: BuUdlogs or structures which have been or VU1 bo constructed or modified using asbestos Insulating products; Roadway facilities which would be surfaced oe resurfaced using asbestos taUlnga. (I) "Air-swept drilling" means the process of drilling holes In the ce-i-th in live presence of a forced or Induced atr stream, but not a liquid stream or mtstcotilaining stream. <r> "Wet driljlpg" means Die process of drilling holes in the earth In the pres ence of a forced liquid stream or mistcontaining stream. (h) "Particulate matter" means any material, other than uncombincd water, which exists In a finely divided form as a liquid or solid. (i) "Asbestos tailings" means any solid waste product of asbestos mining or milling operations which contains Bsbcslos. (J) "Visible emission" means, for the purpose of this subpart, any emission which Is visually detectable. (k) "Asbestos mill" means any' facility encaged tn the conversion of asbestos ore Into commercial asbestos. (l) "Manufacturing operation" means the processing of-commercial asbestos or Die production of any product containing commercial asbestos. (ml "Fabricating" means the cutting, shaping, assembly, mixing or other al tering of any manufactured product con taining commercial asbestos. 61.22 Emission standards for oshrstos. (a) Emissions to the atmosphere from asbestos mines shall be limited as follows: (1) Emissions of particulate matter from air-swept or dry drilling operations shall not exceed those which would be emitted from an nir-sv.cpt or dry drill, respectively, equipped with a fabric filter device for collection of dust generated from drilling, as described in 61.23(a). (2) Emissions of particulate matter from wet drlllinc operations shall not ex ceed those which would bo emitted from a wet drill equipped with a cyclone gas cleaning device for collection of dust or mist generated from drilling as described In i 61.23(b). (3) Visible emissions of particulate \ were treated In fabric filter Installations as described In { 61.23(d). cc> Emissions to the atmosphere from buildings, structures, or facilities within which any fabricating or manufacturing operation Is carried on shall be limited as follows: (1) Emissions. In direct forced gas streams, of particulate matter resulting from manufacturing or fabricating oper ations shall not exceed the amounts which would be emitted If such forced exhausts were treated In fabric filter In stallations as described in 1 Cl.23(d) or. where approved by the Administrator because of special process conditions, in wet collectors as described In 1 G1.23(f, . (2) Emissions of particulate matter from any manufacturing or fabricating operation which continuously generate; visible emissions sliall not exceed the amount which would be emitted tf the air containing such emissions were treated In fabric filter installations as described In S 61.23(d) or. where approved by the Administrator because of special process conditions, tn wet collectors as described In I 61.23(f). ;3) Visible emissions of particulate matter from any manufacturing or fabri cating operations in an area directly open to the atmosphere arc prohibited. (d) Visible emissions to the atmos phere o; asbestos particulate matter resulting from the repair or demolition of any building or structure, other than a single-family dwelling arc prohibited. <c> The spraying of asbestos Is limited < os follows! (1) The spraying of any product which contains nsbcstoa on any portion of a building or structure Is prohibited. (2) Tne spraying of any product which contains asbestos In an area dii cctly open to the atmosphere is prohibited. (3) Emissions of particulate matter from spraying of any product which con tains asbestos. If such spraying is not specifically prohibited In subparagraphs ' (1) Or (2) of this paragraph, shall not 61.21 Definitions. matter from any mine road surfaced with exceed the amounts which would be asbestos tailings are prohibited. emitted If the air containing such emis As used In this subpart, all terms not (b) Emissions to the atmosphere from sions were treated tn fabric filter instal defined herein shall have the meaning asbestos mills shall be limited as follows: lations as described In 5 61.23(d) or. given In the Act and In Subpart A of this (1) Visible emissions of particulate where approved by the Administrator be port. matter from asbestos ore dumps, open cause of special process conditions, in (a) "Asbestos" means any of six nat- storage areas for asbestos-containing wet collectors as described in { 61.23(f). flrally occurring, hydrated mineral sili materials, external conveyors for as (f) The surfacing or resurfacing of cates: Actlnohte. amosite. anthophyllite, bestos-containing materials, or asbestos- any roadway with asbestos tailings ts chrysotlle, crocidollte, and tremolite. containing tailings dumps are prohibited. prohibited. 0>) "Commercial asbestos" means any variety of asbestos which is produced by the concentration of asbestos ore. (2) Emissions of particulate matter from asbestos ore dryers shall not exceed those which would be emitted from as 61*23 Bcferenccd equipment spe-cifiealions. (c) "Asbestos mine" means any facil bestos ore dryers equipped with fabric (a) Fabric filters referred to in 5 61.22 ity engaged In the extraction of asbestos filter installations as described in i 61-23 (a) (1) are equipped with fabrics having ore from the earth for the purpose of (c). recovering commercial asbestos. (3) Emissions of particulate matter (d) "Air flow permeability" means the from air streams used to process as volumetric rate of air flow in cfm, pro bestos ores or lor exhausting particulate duced by a pressure decrease Of O.S In. matter resulting from mULing operations v.c. across a now, clean filtering fabric, shall not exceed tho amount! which divided by the area of the fabric In ft'. would be emitted If such atr streams were ' The test air stream Is maintained at treoted In fabric filter Installations as nominal atmospheric pressure and described in 5 6123(d). airflow permeabilities not exceeding 40 cfm/ft*. (b) Cyclone collectors referred to In i 61.22(a) (2) arc operated at not less then 1 In. w.g. pressure decrease as meas ured from the cyclone Inlet to the outlet. (c> Fabric filters referred to in } 81.22 fb> (2) arc equipped with fabrics bavin? airflow permeabilities not exceeding 30 temperature. <e> "Dry drilling" means the process of drilling holes in the earth In the ab sence of an applied llQuld stream, misteontalnlng stream or air stream. (4) Emissions of particulate matter from any mtlUnc operation which con tinuously generates visible emissions shall not exceed the amounts which would be emitted U such air streams Cfm/ft*. <d) Fabric filters referred to In J 61.22 (b) (3) and (4), (c) (1) and (2). and (e)(3) are equipped with woven cotton fabrics having airflow permenbUities not ftOCSAi MGISU*. VOL 34, NO. 334--TUISOAY, DICXXUU E, WZ1 . ' 8001 0062 i PP nnT ir'Pra tiv r.-nrsT exceeding SO cfm/ft\ No bypass devices these, the owner or iterator shall make re utilized, end provisions ore mode tor avallablo lo the Administrator perform emptvtnc the collection hoppers without ance data on comparative tests, using creating visible emission.-, ol particulate sultablo standard test aerosols, on the matter. substitute device and the device specified (e> Fabric filler devices do not un-et by the applicable standard, 'llie perform the descriptions tu pararrroplts (a), (c), ance data si lull include, but not be and (d) of this section II any of the fol .limited to. the total mass efficiencies of io*!nc conditions exist: tho substitute device and the device (1) Leakage of gases. containing par specified by the applicable standard. ticulate matter, trorn the control system (c) Tho total moss efficiency of any prior to filtration. substitute device Sot those specified by (2) Torn or ruptured bags. S 61X3 (a), (c), or (d) shall not be less (3) Improperly positioned bags. (4) Badly worn or tlircndbaro bass. than 99.9 percent. (f) Tho total mass efficiency of any (I) Wet collectors referred to In subslituto device for that specified by I 6152(c) (1) and (2) and (c)(3) arc of f 61.23(b) shall not be less than 85 tho high-energy venturi type operated percent. with minimum gas prc.vsure decrease (g> The total mass efficiency of any cross the venturi throat of <0 inches w'.g. subsUtutn device for that specified by <g) Wet collectors do not meet the I 61.23(f) shall not be less than #9.5 description In paragraph <f) of this sec percent. tion it any of the following conditions exist: (1) Lcakago of cases containing pw- Subport C---Notional Emission Standards for Beryllium tlculale matter from the control system prior to nitration. (2) Operation at less than 40 Inches WX. pressure decrease. 61.30 Applicahililx The provisions of this subpart Ere ap plicable to the following sources: (3) Operation at a scrubbing medium flow rate less than specified by the manufacturer for optimum collection efficiency. , MicMno shops: . Ceramic plsnu; Propellant plants: Foundries: Extraction plants: v { 61^4 'Substitute devices for the at* Incinerators designed or modified for dis * lainmenl of equivalent emission posal or tone aubstances. control, 61.31 Definitions. <a) Compliance with any applicable As use In this aubpart. all terms not standard of this subpan which refers to defined herein shall have the meaning a control equipment specification in f 61X3 shall be demonstrated In accord ance with this section if the referenced control equipment Is not u- d. fb> The owner or opera r of the emis- eiven them by the Act end in Subpart A of this part. (a) '`Beryllium" means the element beryllium excluding any associated ele ments. tlon source shall mage available to the (b) "Extraction plant" means a facil Administrator sufficient Information as ity chemically processing beryllium ore to may be required to demonstrate that the beryllium metal, alloy or oxide, or per substitute equipment will provide the forming any of the intermediate steps in degree pf control which, in the Judgment these processes. of the Administrator. Is at least as strin <c) "Beryllium ore" means_nny ma gent as that which would be achieved by teria] mined, hand cobbed, or gathered In using the equipment specified In the ap any way specifically' for its beryllium plicable standard. To the maximum ex content. tent practicable, the determination of (d) "Machine shop" means a facility equivalent degree of emission control will performing cutting, grinding, turning, bo based upon operation at the actual honing, milling, deburring, lapping, elec conditions at which the substitute device trochemical machining, hot rolling, la or will be operated on the emission etching or other similar operations on source. I"actors which will be considered beryllium metal, alloys or oxide. Include, but are not limited to, collection (e) "Ceramic plant" means a manu efficiency, reliability, and maintenance facturing plant producing commercial practices associated with proper opera ceramic stock forms, ware, or other Items tion of the substitute device. from beryllium oxide. (c> The owner or operator of the emis (f> "Foundry" means a facility en sion source shall submit to the Adminis gaged In the melting and/or casting of trator performance data Including, but not UnUted to. total mass collection effi ciency of the substitute control device under actual operating conditions or conditions which oro representative of those of tho existing or planned operat ing conditions. (d> In cases for which It Is not reason- able. In the Judgment of the Administra beryllium metal or alloy. (g) "Propellant" means a fuel and oxldir.cr physically or chemically com bined which undergoes combustion to provide rocket propulsion. (h) "Bcrylli un alloy" means any tnetal to which beryllium U deliberately added and contains more than 0.1 per cent beryllium by weight. tor, to require on owner or operator to (I) "Propellant plant" means any fa submit performance data which arc cility enraged In the mixing, casting, or based upon actual operating conditions machining of propellant that contains or conditions which are representative of beryllium. <J> "Total emissions" means the emis sions of beryllium in noy form or any compound, from all points withm * sta tionary source Including emissions from the disposal of beryllium contaminated wasic. 61.32 ICmitMOn alandrd for beryl lium. A stationary source subject lo this subpart shall. In accordance with the pro visions of 5 61.33. elect to comply with cither paragraph (a) or (b) of this tec- tion. (a) Total emissions to the atmosphere from sources subject to this subpart sha.l not exceed 10 grams of beryllium m r 2-;hour day as measured In accordance with Method 3 In Uic appendix. (b) Total emissions to the atmosphere from sources subject to this subpart shall not exceed amounts which result in an outplant concentration of 0.01 micrograms of beryllium per cubic meter of air averaged over a 30-day period, measured in accordance with a sampling network approved by the Administrator. 61.33 Test methods and procedures-- alack campling. Owners or operators electing to comply with i 61.32(a) shall comply with the re quirements of this section and i 61.31. (a) A)J beryllium emissions sboU be transported through slacks or ducts which permit testing by the methods sc; forth In Method 3 in the appinctx to this part. (b) Ah tests shall be conducted to in- dictate the weight emitted per 24-hour day. (c) Method 3 set forth In the appendix to this part shall be used as follows: (1) Tne minimum sampling tome shall be 2 hours, and the minimum sampling volume shall be 35 ft* as measured by the gas meter. Tne total gas volume sampled at slack conditions shall be calculated. (2) The velocity of the eEuents shall be determined at stack conditions. (3) For each repiUtlon. beryllium emission expressed In grams per day shall be determined in accordance with Method 3. 61.34 Periodic lack aanipling and reports. (a) AU existing sources shall be tested within 3 months of the effective date of these regulations and at least once every 3 months thereafter. (b) All sources constructed after the effective date of these regulations shall be tested Immediately upon start-up of operations and at least once every 3 months thereafter. (c) Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to accurately determine the maximum emis sions which would occur In o 21-hour period. In the case of cyclic operations, sufficient tests shall be made so as to allow accurate determination or calcula tion of the emissions which wjU occur over the duration of the cycle. (d> All samples shall be analyzed, and beryllium emissions shall be calculated within 5 working days after collection of samples. A total'emission exceeding tho ftOftAl' ttCISuC VOL 94, NO. 234--TUISDAY, OCCIMm 7, Wl . `` fcOO) 00&3 Pprvrvt mw-Tv t> v r-cat, -m Open-Air Spraying of Asbestos Materials Questions, Anszvcrs Would Be Banned by New EPA Standards On Price Commission, Tin V'ai.i. Smr.r.T JornvAt. RfnT f'rp<tWrr Cost Council Rulings training of workers won't be needed. Additfonai WASHINGTON. - Open-air sprnyins n( ns- costs aren't anticipated (or beryllium users, bestns fireproofing nn<j in.iilnlion would be prn- hut the mercury-cel! chlor-alkali plants will WASHINGTON -- H^re arc questions and an i hlbited under new nir-emi.s.tion aianriards propo-ed by the Environmental Protection have to spend from 0.5% to 0.9% of annual total products' worth. The figure (or mines will be swers the Internal Revenue Service issued Jn Agency. 2.5% to 3.5%, the agency estimated. explanation of rulings of the Cost of Living ' The clean-nir standards, which cover beryl- At a briefing on the proposal, Dale M. Council and the Price Commission. ,m nnd mercury as well as asbestos, also Slaughter, chief o( the KPA's hazardous pollu Q: May n firm with a low in its base period uld: tants branch! snid'the agency has been advised raise its prices to create a projected profit? ~ Reoiilre Industry to use (liters to clean i ; .-,y gases prortueed in the mining, milling and ; manut-.during o( asbestos-containing matcri- .;* and to eliminate visible emissions from cer tain sobrees related to their operations, ! --Set bcrylliuni-cniission ceilings (or extrac1 tlon plants, machine shops, foundries, ceramic plants, propellant plants and incinerators that are designed to dispose o( toxic substances. These ceilings would limit emissions of the potsonous metal to a maximum of 10 grams per by Industry that Ihc additional costs mean the end of mercury mining in the U S. However. Mr. Slaughter argued that depressed mercury prices, not environmental costs, would be the real cause of such a development. At present. the industry, located in California. Nevada and Utah, consists of two large mines with fewer than 200 workers altogether, plus 30 to 40 one- < | | ! i i A: The general rules of the Price Commis sion make no provision tor a f'rm in a oss po Mtion during the base period, but th< Pric* Commission will consider any such s tualion nnd determine whether it justifies special re lief. In addition, more specific guidelines wiil soon be issued. man and two-man mines. In 1909. when mer- I)o tho economic controls apply to college cury prices were triple current levels, 109 mer- j tuition charges? cury mines were operating, he noted. A: Yes, tuition as well as room aid board 24-hour dny, or to the point that beryllium con centrations won't exceed an average 0.01 microgram per cubic meter of Bir for 00 days. -- Require rocket-motor test facilities to keep concentrations of beryllium in the sur rounding atmosphere within a ceiling of 75 ml- jarogram minutes per cubic meter of air accu mulated during any two consccuuve weeks. (A .ucrogram minute is derived by dividing the w;.ght of the material collected by the flow .'.to expressed in cubic meters of air per min- ..c.i Tne rule provides that the sampling must done in not less than 10 minutes and not . ::re .han 60 minutes. An EPA official ex- The asbestos-spraying ban would be tem are covred. pered by the provision that spraying may be | Q: Must k company which is a prenotlfyinc done indoors "under conditions where the air | firm a No submit quarterly reporta to the Price that would be released to the atmosphere can j Commission? be clcuned." A: Yes. | Beryllium users also would have the choice Q: May Individual health Insurance pre of complying with the 24-hour-day maximum or the ceiling average over a 30-day period. Approximately 300 machine shops, ceramics plants, propellant plants, extraction plants and foundries could cause beryllium emissions. But because the light metal's extreme toxicity long has been recognized, "the major portion of the ninedeud.setdry* t. oalrceoamdyp,lyhaws .it.h.thetheem_pisrsoip_oons_edc.onstiraonls- i | | i j | j: miums be raised if based on a formula in a contract in effect prior to the imposition of eco nomic controls where the formula reflects only chanced conditions of risk (e.g. number oi claims) ? A: Yes, premium increases based on a for omnu,vlacn.inan*agep*d.rec-oenxdi.s.i.tt.iionng~s coofnntrsaxctmwahyicb.he raep.fip.eh.ee:.c-. p.a.ned that the agency would require a net dards," the agency said. For this reason, and 1 ' work of sampling devices set to collect for Q:.If a corporate parent and its subsidiaries varying periods of lime within this range. vices has reprocessing value, it said the stan*;are located in different ms districts, wherr -- Require mercury-cell chlor-alkali plants dards "are expected to have little impact on ' should requests for rulings or information be j which produce chlorine and alkali caustic, and the industry.*' filed? primary mercury mines to limit emissions to a The EPA said it will announce public "hear A: All inquiries, ruling requests, etc. should maximum of five pounds of mercury pver a ings on the proposals within 30 days and also is go to the IRS district director in the district 24yhour period." allowing 90 days for written comments. where the parent corporation is located. The inhalation o( asbestos fibers has been Agency Looks to Further Limitations Q: Service charges such as utility, parking linked to a number of human diseases includI lng bronchial cancer. Beryllium In high con- | centrations can cause pneumonia-like diseases, ! while mercury poisoning disables the nervous j system. Earlier this year, the EPA made final the maximum atmospheric levels of six major pol lutants, including particulates sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, that will be permitted under federal-state control plans due to take ef meter and bridge tolls were subject Jo Ph;t*c i while licenses and fines such ns vehicle hern ses and parking tickets were exempt. Does the same situation apply to Phono 2? A: Yes. Unless specifically altered by regu Costs of Compliance Assessed fect In mld-1975. \ lation or published rulings, pohey rulings is . The greatest economic Impact from the pro- Jn addition, the agency is authorized by the sued by the Cost of Living Council and inter ! posed standards would be felt by the nine as- Clean Air Act of 1970 to establish specific pretations issued by the Office of Emergency I bestos mills processing domestic ores. The source emission limits for toxic substances. i Preparedness continue to be applicable after ! EPA estimated that their cost of complying Tnc proposals announced Friday represent the 1 Nov. 13 1971. | will range up to 0.7% of the average 1069 sell- first response to thus mnnd.atc. But the agency j I lng price of a ton o( domestically produced as- now is looking into the possible need for sirm- ! ' i bestos. The average figure for all the mills. lar emission limits on air-bomc cadmium, van- ( Sfin Dic0 G&K Accord j| however, or.iy would amount to 0.9%, the adium, manganese and arsenic. Dr. Vaun A. SAN DIEGO. Calif.-Snr. Diego Cos & Ele . agency said. Newell, EPA health effects director, told the \ trjC qg Sa.id it entered into an agreement wr.. I, Producers of asbestos produrts, Including briolinr. _----- - ------------- -- ----------------- Magma Energy Inc. nnd Magma Power O 1 floor tile, reinforced friction materials, paper One major source of air-borne asbestos, mo- I two related Los Angeles-b.o-ca companies. land textiles, face an "annualized cost" equal to tor-vehicle brake linings, isn't covered by the ^exploration of geothermal energy resources . 10.3% of the "output product value." according proposed standards. However, control of brake '(imperial Valley, Calif., for power plant uv I to the F.PA. This would result in an average emissions Is "being (assessed.1 i^e utility said it would finance drilling product price increase of'0.3%, with the most said. logma-lcased sites to obtain geologic significant being 2.6% for asbestos paper prod Sources of mercury in the air also not cov tion and to investigate the geothermal en*'< uces. the agency said. ered by the proposed standards are fossil fuels, potential in Imperial Valley. San Diego C. | The ban on sprayed asbestos would affect notably coal. Dr. Newell explained that be declined to disclose specific terms of the a :r only about 0.5% of annual domestic consump cause high atAcks and even* higher-rising ment. tion. The EPA said 'that Increased costs tor smoke plumes distribute emissions from such j v.ilvsltlulo material* will rnngc up to 15%, lull sources quite widely, the KPA believes ther llu.t new spraying equipment and cxlennivo re "little chance" of them exceeding Die PQeooi oo64 Washington Metro Wins Financial Vic!ory,yj ppOTvirm-i p v pod rx 221-12 RULES AND REGULATIONS Tavlk 0-2 Mitarit! ( hour Urn* vrtleblrt tverag* AocepUbW caU.'nj conctfttr*tiob Aco*pt*bl jBtlmurt> peak *bn tb tcceptabl (`Ulo* coocvntr** tioo/or *o S-hour Jhi/t- --------------------------------------- ----- Concentration Maximum duration (Z.VA-M9).. t.................t.i... 10 p.p.m.55 p.p.tu.. 60p.p^n........ lOrotnut**. B^rrlii'im ond WryUluiu compound* 2 HT'/M*........ 5 pg./M*......... 2 .............. 39miuute.a. C id solum fun) a (237.5- 1970)............... 0.1 inf 7M1.Jrnf./M1............... Ca-laitum dust (237.&-IV7D)................ 0.2nif./M........... 0.8sng./M*............... Carbon dUullida (237.3-11*18)....----------- .. 80 p.pjn..............30 p.p.m................ 190 p.pjn............ * " Do. Carbon tetrachloride ('43/.17-IW7)......... 10 p.pjn..............25 p.p.m................ 2U0p.pju..____ fimloutes In any 4 Pours. F.rbylenedlbrnmlde (2-T? .31*1670)................. 20p.p.m.30p.pjn. Ethylene dicbioride (237.21-1969)..................50p.pji................ 10op.p.n ftOp.p.tn.............. Stulnuiw. 200 p.p.m....... 6 minutes In any 3 hours. Formaldehyde (237.ln-lW7)........................... 3 p.pj........ Sp.pjn....................... 10 p.pjn.30mlnutes. EydroReo fluoride (237.8S-1969). .......... riuortd* ** dust (Z87.-1009).......................... Deadend Its laorfeulc compound* (237.il* ^6 n.f'/M'ci-'i'.r 0.2 Dig.fbi*.................................. Metnyl eWorld* (237.15-1950)......................... lOOp.pjn........ 200 p.p.m.................. 300 p.p.m............ 6 minutes In any i hours. Methylene CWorld (237.3*1959)................... fiOOp.pjn...........l,00)p.p.m. 2,005 p.p.m......... 6 minutes In any 2 hours. Orj.no (Vkjl) To.rrury (i37J0-19W)..........0.01 I... 0 IX rnsAf I. Bt>-r.n (ai.lS-H)....................................... 100 p.p.m........ Wp.pjn... 500 p.pjn............ 5 minute* In n y 3 boon. TrtoUoro*thylD (237.11H9G7)..............................to.........................do........... 300 p.p.m............ 6 minute* la any 2 hours. Tcrichlojotbyl.o (M7.M-1967).......................... do........................ do.-...........................do.................5tnlnute*io any 3 hours. Tolu.n. (7.37.12-1067)....................................... 200 p.pjp........ JOOp.pjB.................. JOO p.p.m............ 10 minutes. II ydrog.n iuld. (237^1-1066)...................................................... 20 p.p.Oi.................. 50 p.p.m............lOmioutet ooce only U no other nietuor- abl exposure M-rcury (Z37.S-1071)...................................................................... lttf./lOM' Chromic acid and chromates (237.7*1971)............................ ........... do Tata* 0-3--MrxiiAL Dom SubsUnoe MppcI Mf/M* Aerodyuemtc diameter (unit density sphere) Percent pa-jing selector ------------- 2 00 EUl.-eC'75t*Utn: 2 6 75 3 5 50 Quarts (respirable)............... 250 * Uhni/M* .___ T_____ 5.0 10 25 0 ~%SiOH Qusrit (total Oust)..................................... %SSOltOOHf/i3l1 ___ ___ _____ _ _ -----------l*b* meesureiDAnu under this nnte refer to the use of Crfrtobellte: Dse V5 the value calculated from the %SjO4 1 an ARC Instrument. If the riplrubl fraction of coal duK is detenutoM vrtib a M R E the figure corresT*)r>djiig t/tbat of 2A ifin toe tabie for coeldu*t is 4.5 Mg'M*. c>Hint or mass formulae for qUATlt. Trld/mlte: Cee H the value oW'.-utatcd Irotn the lortituKe (or quarts. Amorphous. Including natural dletorneceous earth................. . i/11;910.93 Anl>eto>. (k) VsAnitions. For the purpose of this section. (1) "Asbestos" includes 80 aomeiNP chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremo11te, anthophylllte, and actlnolite. %9!Oi (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos EUleate* (leas that) 1% cry*' teUin* silica): Mica........................................ . 90 Soapstone................................ 90 Tele (oon-Mbestoe-(onn)... Talo (fibrous). Dae eebetto* limit.................................. SO* Trcmollte (*a talc, flbroos) Portland cement................. 60 Oraohtte (natural)................... .. IS Co\l dust (rvsplrable fractloo less than 6% $10:)....................................... 2 tmrOP fibers longer than 5 micrometers. Cb> Permissible exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers--(1) Standard effective Julv 7, 1972. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to v/hich any employee may be exposed shaU not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of For more than 5% SIOi................................. ion.7NP air, as determined by the method .pre- S'Sio scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. Jner; or Nuisance Duit: fi^plrabf* fraction............. Total dust. ............................... rr (2) Standard effective Julv 1. 1976. 15 40 UrnJ^i!' "bour time-weigh ted average air- 8 ' borne concentrations of asbestos fibers Notc: Convp*lnn fv?U>r-- mpp.-(X35.3rniUloo pwrUrla* per cubic meter parifrle* pr c.c. * Milltorvi ol pnrticiM p*:r cublo loot of *lr. b.v4 oo Impin^rf sumrl*i rouuted hy llgbl-fi^ld tecbnJcA. f liir LKirfiutago of L-rystulMn* silica In the formula U tn* MiifMUit dr<ier:nlo**i from air-home avmples, ea- n thns*' Jc vhlch oth*>f methcKisbsv bwo lh*. A : in \.e :tf'PlicAl)le. Ifi.'r*- .wed by the membrane Altar method at 4.VX;<n i*" t ..tro.i( ru.*grwhctlon. - li .i,h 'i.i;.-*nfr.u*o'i nnd percent quart* for the appU- c.**: "i of ihn hoilt ur to l*e clrtrrploed from the fncllou l> k.y' .i; -I'o-ictrcfor V|fh th* following rbaractortittf*!*: Co . ift.fiijM-jr*.*: If > 1% quart*, o *e QotkTJ l:-it-.: to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e> of this section. (3) Ceiling concentration. No em ployee shall be exposed at ar.y time to airborne cencentrations of asbestos fibers In excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (c> Methods of compliance--(1) En gineering methods. (1) Engineering con trols. Engineering controls, such as, but not limited to. Isolation, enclosure, ex haust ventilation, arid dust collection, shall be used to meet the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (ili Local exhaust ventilation, (a) local exhaust ventilation and dust col lection systems shall be designed, con structed. installed, and maintained in accordance vrfth the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of I.ocal Exhaust Systems. ANSI Z9.2-1971, which is in corporated by reference herein. tb) See i 1910.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z9.2-197I, and the maintenance of a historic file in connec tion therewith. The address of the Amer ican National Standards Institute Is given in 1910.100. (iii> Particular tools. A11 hand-op erated and power-operated tools which may proouce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragrapli (b) of this section, such as. but not limited to. saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be pro vided with local exhaust ventilation sys tems in accordance with subdivision til) of this subparagraph. (2) Work practices--(1) Wet methods. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut, scored, or otherwise worked in a wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) ol this section, unless the usefulness of the product would be diminished thereby. <:i) Particular products and opera tions. No asbestos cement, mortar, coat ing, grout, plaster, or similar material containing asbestos shall be removed from bags, cartons, or other containers in which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section. (iil) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged In the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of pipes, structures, or equipment covered or insulated with asbestos, and in the removal or demolition of asbestos in sulation or coverings shall be provided with respiratory equipment in accord ance v-ith paragraph (d>(2i(iii) of this section and with special clothing In ac cordance with paragraph (d) (3) of this section. (ci) Personal protective equipment-- (1) Compliance with the exposure limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this sec tion may not be achieved by the use or respirators or shift rotation of em ployees, except: (ii During the time period necessary to install the emrineeruig controls and to institute the work practices required by paragraph (c> of this section: (ill In work situations in which the me:hods prescribed iryparagraph (c> of In sO O o o CO I ROtHAl *0151:1, VOL 37, NO. 102--WE0NIS0AY, CCTCSI* 13, 1971 l If ppnm irpPi pv criDh RULES AND REGULATIONS 22143 this section are either technically not based upon his most recent examination, breathing zone of the employees, on feasible or feasible to an extent Insuffi an examining physician determines that membrane filters of 0.8 micrometer po cient to reduce the airborne concentra the employee will be unable to function rosity mounted In an open-face filter tions of asbestos fibers below the limits normally wearing a respirator, or that holder. Samples shall be taken for the prescribed by paragraph (b) of this the safety or health of the employee or determination of the 8-hour time- section: or other employees will be impaired by Ms- weighted average airborne concentra (lii) In emergencies. use of a respirator. Such employee shall tions and of the ceiling concentrations of (<v) Where both respirators and per be rotated to another job or given the asbestos fibers. sonnel rotation are allowed by subdivi opportunity to transfer to a different po (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. sions (i), (ill. or (iil) of this subpara sition whose duties he is able to perform After the initial determinations required graph, end both are practicable, person with the same employer, in the same geo by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, nel rotation shall be preferred and used. graphical area and with the same senior samples shall be of such frequency and ~(2> Where a respirator Is permitted by ity, status, and rate of pay-he had just pattern as to represent with reasonable subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, it prior to such transfer, if such a different shall be selected from among those ap position is available. proved by the Bureau of Mines, Depart (3> Special clothing: The employer ment of the Interior, or the National In shall provide, and require the use of, spe stitute for Occupational Safety and cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar Health, Department of Health, Educa whole body clothing, head coverings, tion, and Welfare, under the provisions of gloves, and foot coverings for any em 30 CFTt Part 11 (37 PJt. 6244, Mar. 25. ployee exposed to airborne concentra 1972), and shall be used in accordance tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed the with subdivisions (11, (ii), (iil). and (iv) ceiling level prescribed in paragraph (b) of this subparagraph. of this section. (i) Air purifying respirators. A reusa (4) Change rooms: (1) At any fixed ble or single use air purifying respirator, place of employment exposed to airborne or a respirator described in subdivision concentrations of asbestos fibers in ex (ii) or (ill) of this subparagraph, shall cess of the exposure limits prescribed in be used to reduce the concentrations of paragraph (b) of this section, the em airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator ployer shall provide change rooms lor below the exposure limits prescribed In employees working regularly at the place. paragraph (b) of this section, when the (Ii) Clothes lockers: The employer ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted aver shall provide two separate lockers or con age airborne concentrations of asbestos tainers for each employee, so separated fibers are reasonably expected to exceed or Isolated as to prevent contamination no more than 10 times those limits. of the employee's street clothes from his (It) Powered air purifying respirators. work clothes. A full facepiece powered air purifying' (iil) Laundering: (a) Laundering of Tespirator, or a powered air purifying asbestos contaminated clothing shall be respirator, or a respirator described In done so as to prevent the release of air subdivision (Hi) of this subparagraph, borne asbestos fibers in excess of the ex shall be used to reduce the concentra posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the of this section. respirator below the exposure limits pre (b) Any employer who gives asbestos- scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, contaminated clothing to another person when the ceiling or the 8-hour tlrae- for laundering shall inform such person weighted average concentrations of of the requirement In (a) of this subdi asbestos fibers are reasonably expected vision to effectively prevent the release to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of those limits. the exposure limits prescribed in para (hi) Type "C" supplied-air respirators, graph (b) of this section. continuous flow or pressure-demand (c) Contaminated clothing shall be class. A type "C" continuous flow or pres transported in sealed Impermeable bags, sure-demand. supplied-air respirator or other closed, Impermeable containers, shall be used to reduce the concentra and labeled in accordance with para tions of airborne asbestos fibers In the graph (g) of this section. respirator below the exposure limits pre (e) Method of measurement. All de scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, terminations of airborne concentrations accuracy the levels of exposure of em ployees. In no case shall the sampling be done at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section. O) Environmental monitoring--(I) samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are represent ative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shah be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8- hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the celling con centrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (4) Employee observation of monitor ing. Affected employees, or their rep resentatives, shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. (g) Caution signs and labels. (1) Cau tion signs. (1) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers may be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph when the celling or the 8-hour timeweighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. (iv) Establishment of a respirator pro gram. (a) The employer shall establish of asbestos fibers shall be made by the membrane filter method at 400--450 X (magnification) (4 millimeter objective) with phase contrast illumination. (f) Afonitorinp--(1) Initial determi nations. Within 6 months of the publi (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps be fore entering the area marked by the signs. -Signs shall be posted at all ap a respirator program tn accordance with cation of this section, every employer proaches to areas containing excessive the requirements of the American Na shall cause every place of employment concentrations of airborne asbestos tional Standards'Practices for Respira where asbestos fibers are released to be fibers. tory Protection. ANSI 2)88.2--1969, which monitored In such a way as to determine (ii) Sign specifications. The warning Is incorporated by reference herein. whether every employee's exposure to signs required by subdivision (i) of this b. See S 1910.6 concerning the avail asbestos fibers Is below the limits pre subparagraph shall conform to the re ability of ANSI 283.2-1969 and the main scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec quirements of 20" x 14" vertical format tenance of an historic file In connection tion. If the limits are exceeded, the em signs specified in 5 1910 J 45 (d) (4). and therewith. The address of the American ployer shall immediately undertake a to this subdivision. The signs shall dis National Standards Institute is given in compliance program in accordance with play the following legend in the lower 5 1910.100. paragraph (c) of this section. panel, with letter sizes and styles of a (c) No employee shall be assigned to (2) Personal monitoring-~(l) Sam visibility at least equal to that specified tasks requiring the use of respirators If, ples shall be collected from within the in this subdivision. t l f fE et l fft * i ii *0 oe> oo CD FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 pprvrvr Tprn nv pnon 221-1-1 RULES AND REGULATIONS i Istptnfl Ks'ottto*.............. notation paragraph, which indicates the em to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for 1" Sana Serif, ployee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. Occupational Safety and Health, the Avoid Breathing Dust..*. WtM Assigned Protective Equipment. Gothic or Block. }" San* Serif. Oothle or Block. Vi" Gothic. Vt" Gothic. (2) Employee notification. Any em ployee found to have been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbes tos fibers in excess of the limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be notified in writing of the expo sure as soon as practicable but not later Director of NIOSH, to authorised physi cians and medical consultants of either of them, and, upon the request of an em ployee or former employee, to his physi cian. Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer Do Not Hemain la Area Vi" Gothic. than 5 days of the finding. The employee of the examined employee all the infor Unless Your Work In quires It. Breathing Asbestoa Dust May Be Hazardous To Your Health. 14 point Gothic. Spacing between lines shall be at least shall also be timely notified of the cor rective action being taken. (j) Medical examinations--Cl) Gen eral. The employer shall provide or make available at his cost, medical examina tions relative to exposure to asbestos re mation specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical in formation related to occupational ex posure to asbestos fibers. 5 1930.94 Ventilation- equal to the height of the upper of any quired by this paragraph. (a) Abrasive blasting-- (l> Defini two lines. (2) Preplacement. The employer shall tions applicable to this paragraph.--- (i) (2) Caution labels--CD Labeling. Cau provide or make available to each of his Abrasive. A solid substance used in an tion labels shall be affixed to all raw employees, within 30 calendar days fol abrasive blasting operation. materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, lowing his first employment in an (ii) Abrasive-blasting respirator. A and other products containing asbestos occupation exposed to airborne con continuous flow air-line respirator con fibers, or to their containers, except that centrations of asbestos fibers, a compre structed so that it will cover the wearer's no label Is required where asbestos fibers hensive medical examination, which shall head, neck, and shoulders to protect him have been modified by a bonding agent, include, as a minimum, a chest roent from rebounding abrasive, coating, binder, or other material so that genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 (iii) Blast cleaning barrel. A complete during any reasonably foreseeable use, Inches), a history to elicit symptom enclosure which rotates on an axis, or handling, storage, disposal, processing, or atology of respiratory disease, and which has an internal moving tread to transportation, no airborne concentra pulmonary function tests to include tumble the parts, in order to expose vari tions of asbestos fibers in excess of the forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced ous surfaces of the parts to the action of exposure limits prescribed in paragraph expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,). an automatic blast spray. (b) of this section will be released. (3) Annual examinations. On or be (iv) Blast cleaning room. A complete (ii) Label specifications. The caution fore January 31, 1973, and at lea^t an enclosure in which blasting operations labels required by subdivision (1) of this nually thereafter, every employer shall are performed and where the operator subparagraph shall be printed in letters provide, or make available, comprehen works inside of the room to operate the o1 sufficient size and contrast as to be sive medical examinations to each of his blasting nozzle and direct the flow of the readily visible and legible. The label shall employees engaged in occupations ex abrasive material. state: posed to airborne concentrations of as (v) Blasting cabinet. An enclosure Caution bestos fibers. Such annual examination where the operator stands outside and Contains Asbestos libers Avoid Creating hast Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Serious Bodily Bann shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include operates the blasting nozzle through an opening or openings in the enclosure. ivi > Clean air. Air of such purity that it will not cause harm or discomfort to an individual if it is inhaled for extended (h) Housekeeping--(1) Cleaning. A.11 forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced periods of time. external surfaces in any place of employ expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,.). (vii) Dust collector. A device or com ment shall be maintained free of accu (41 2 ermination of employment. The bination of devices ior separating dust mulations of asbestos fibers if, with their employer shall provide, or make avail from the air handled by an exhaust dispersion, there would be an excessive able, within 30 calendar days before or ventilation system. concentration. after the termination of employment of (viii) Exhaust ventilation system. A (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, any employee engaged in an occupation system for removing contaminated air scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip exposed to airborne concentrations of from a space, comprising two or more ment. and asbestos-contaminated cloth asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical of the following elements (a) enclosure ing, consigned for disposal, which may examination which shall Include, as a or hood, (b) duct work, (c) dust collect produce in any reasonably foreseeable minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos ing equipment, (d) exhauster, and (e) use, handling, storage, processing, dis terior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history discharge stack. posal, or transportation airborne concen to elicit symptomatology of respiratory (ix) Particulate-filter respirator. An trations of Asbestos fibers in excess of the disease, and pulmonary function tests air purifying respirator, commonly re exposure limits prescribed in paragraph to Include lorced vital capacity (FVC) ferred to as a dust or a fume respirator, (b) of this section shall be collected and and forced expiratory volume at 1 second which removes most of the dusv or fume 'disposed of in sealed impermeable bags, (FEV,.). from the air passing through the device. or other closed, Impermeable containers. (5) Recent examinations. No medical (x) Respirable dust. Airborne dust in (1) Recordkeeping--(1) Exposure rec ords. Every employer shall maintain rec ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 years and shall be made avail able upon request to the Assistant Secre tary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representa tives of either. examination is required of any em ployee, If adeauate records show that the employee has been examined in ac cordance with this paragraph within the past l-year period. (6) Medical records--(i) Mainte nance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examina tions. Records shall be retained by employers for at least 20 years. sizes capable of passing through the up per respiratory system to reach the lower lung passages. (xl) Rotary blast cleaning table. An enclosure where the pieces to be cleaned are positioned on a rotating table and are passed automatically through a series of blast sprays. (xii) Abrasive blasting. The forcible application of an abrasive to a surface by pneumatic pressure, hydraulic pres sure, or centrifugal force. (2) Employee access. Every employee (li) Access. The contents of the rec (2) Lmst hazards from abrasive blast and former employee shall have reason able access to any record required to b ords of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be made ing. (1) Abrasives and the surface coatings on the materials blasted are mainialr.ed by subparagraph (1) of this available, for inspection and copying, shattered and pulverized during blasting `A 1 ft riDIRAl RSGIS7;*, VOt. 37, NO. 202--WtDNtSDAY, OCTOBt* IS, 1772 ppnrvr ippn rv cnmi