Document yKjbgq59oxR7k61nVpawJoV4

FILE NAME: Lone Star Industries (LS) DATE: 1968 Jan 17 DOC#: LS008 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Agenda, Minutes & Attendee List - Board of Directors Meeting e v e n w f gif?] AGENDA BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING January 17, 1968 Report of President - (a) Capital Expenditure: Property Purchase - France - $1,000,000 1 (b) (c) Techite Pipe Manufacturing Major Capital Expenditures License Changes in Selling Prices - ^ Forecast of Earnings, 1968 - A V Treasurer's Report of Cash and Securities - (For information of Board) ` ^ Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting - 6 Approval of Minutes Regular Board meeting of December 20, 1967 7 8 9 10 11 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000001 A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF JOHNSMANVILLE CORPORATION was held in the offices of the Corporation on the 11th floor at No. 22 East 40th Street, New York City, on Wednesday, the 17th day of January, 1968, at 9:00 in the fore noon . The following Directors were present, constituting the entire Board of Directors: Henry C. Alexander C. B. Burnett Edgar G. Burton F. E. Dutcher A. R. Fisher Joseph A. Grazier K. V. Lindell George P. MacNichol, Jr. F. H. May, Jr. William F. May John P. Schroeder A. C. Smith , William C. Stolk Thomas E. Sunderland , C. B. Burnett, President of the Corporation, acted as Chairman of the meeting and presided thereat and Herbert Morton Ball, Secretary of the Corporation, acted as Secretary of the meeting and kept the minutes thereof. . A notice of the meeting and affidavit of mailing the same to. all the Directors of the Corporation were presented to the meeting and, on motion, duly made, seconded, and unanimously carried, were ordered filed with the minutes of the meeting. The members of the Board of Directors had been furnished in advance of the meeting with most of the material which would be of value in aiding their consideration of the matters appearing in the agenda book. In his Monthly Report, the President reminded the Board that at the February 1967 meeting it had been informed that it was desirable to establish a headquarters location only for the French subsidiary operations. The Board had approved an expendi ture of $630,000 for the purchase of a property but this was not consummated as the property was bought by others. A more suitable purchase could now be made at a cost of $1,000,000. The present staff of J-M de France and certain administrative and managerial personnel of the International Division were temporarily housed in two separate and entirely inadequate locations in the Colombes area of Paris. For more than a year, a search had been made for a suitable location which would include not only sufficient office space, but also afford modest warehouse and parking facilities. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000002 The Clipper Division of the Norton Company had made a tentative offer to sell their building in the St. Cloud area, since they were consolidating two operations in a larger building in another suburb of Paris. The report contained a complete description of the location, land, building and cost of the property. The Banque Europeenne de Credit a Moyen Terme had offered to lend a J-M com pany up to $1 million for ten years at 7.5% interest, with a guar antee by Johns-Manville Corporation. It was proposed to purchase the property at once. The Norton Company would require partial use of the building until mid 1969, and J-M would make a lease arrangement to them for the first floor area. The second floor would be used immediately by J-M. After discussion, and on motion, duly made and seconded, the proposal as presented to the meeting was unanimously approved. The President, in his report, also reminded the Board that a new pipe, TECHITE, had been brought to its attention at the December meeting. TECHITE Pipe was a new material developed by the United Technology Corp.y a subsidiary of United Aircraft Corporation, for fluid transmission. The composite structure of the product was polyester resin, filled with graded silica and reinforced with fiber glass rovings. The product in its present state of development was designed for use in both corro sive and non-corrosive environments and was competitive with clay for sewage lines 18" through 48" and for lower pressure water lines (water transmission, irrigation and drainage), with TRANSITE, 24" through 48", and with concrete with steel cylinder 24"-48" for both sewage and water transmission. TECHITE would also be competitive with pipe for transmission of industrial wastes, especially those of a corrosive nature. There was a strong likelihood that with the possible improvement of pipe making technology, and lower cost resins, TECHITE would become competitive in the field for high pressure water lines especially in diameter 18" and above, and with diameters above 48" for sewer and lower pressure water transmission. _ TECHITE Pipe, the Board was informed, should be superior in various qualities to vitrified clay, asbestos cement, cast iron, and concrete. The meeting was advised as to the advantages of TECHITE for these various competitive products. The Pipe Division recognized the need to enter the piping industry with a plastic reinforced product to hold certain of its markets as well as to improve its position in the industry. TECHITE offered an opportunity to do so. The Pipe Division had negoti ated with United Technology Corp. an agreement which would pro vide J-M with an exclusive license, know-how, and engineering designs to manufacture TECHITE Pipe in the United States and Canada. The exclusive license would be for a period of five years. The license would provide that if J-M should erect a plant west of the Mississippi River, other than at the J-M plant at Denison, Texas, during the five-year period, a payment of $1 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000003 1 million would be required in addition to payments aggregating $2 million, plus 2% royalty on net sales for 17 years starting March 31, 1969, and a right to sub-license with 75% of fee and royalty received being paid to the United Technology Corp. The said cor poration would furnish continuing know-how and reciprocally J-M would furnish United with its improvements in know-how. The meeting was informed that it was proposed to con struct a facility at the Denison plant with the capacity of $4 to $5 million annually at a cost of $1,500,000 and at later dates at a minimum of four other locations. Mr. Burnett, by means of charts, presented comparative costs on various types of pipe, and gave a comparative market growth forecast which provided for a 10% to 11% growth each year. He noted that the manufacturing labor cost was lower than the general J-M line of products. United had estimated the return at 16% but that a conservative figure of 12% had been arrived at by J-M. He explained to the meeting that failure to enter into such a license might mean the loss of 5,000-10,000 tons per year of TRANSITE business. TRANSITE was lower in cost on sizes 14" and under, but TECHITE had lower costs above 14". After an extended discussion, and on motion, duly made and seconded, the proposal as presented to the meeting was unani mously approved. The report also contained, for the information of the Board, a brief summary of the following major capital expenditures (over $500,000 each) that would be presented to the Board for con sideration in 1968: Expansion of Milling Facilities at Jeffrey Mine - $7,500,000; Facilities to Increase Capacity of Fiber Glass Textiles at Waterville Plant - $2,250,000; Facilities for the Production of Fiber Glass Insulation Produced by the Rotary Process at Penbryn Plant - $4,000,000; Increase Production of Filter Aids at Wissembourg, France - $750,000; Environmental Control $1,700,000. Included in the President's Report were a summary on the status of appropriations expenditures, January 1, 1968, for plants and properties in the United States and Canada; status of expendi tures, January 1, 1968, for investments in other companies showing the amounts approved, the amounts advanced by J-M and the amounts expended locally; and the January 1 report of projects completed in November 1967. . Under the heading of "Other Matters", the President's Report noted that securements in the month of December were lower than in November but were substantially higher than in December of last year. Building Products, Dutch Brand, and Industrial Insulations Divisions all established new records for annual sales. New monthly production records were established for mineral wool CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000004 board at Alexandria, for fiber glass at Defiance G-26, G-28 and G-30, and for THERMOBESTOS at Manville. The report also noted that at Reeves Mine agreement was reached on a three-year contract providing for a wage increase of 3_l/2% retroactive to September 11, 1967, and wage increases of 3-1/2%*in September 1968 and 4% in September 1969. Shift premiums were increased from 9 and 13 to 10 and 14 and a ninth paid holiday was granted. A strike was in progress at Hayward Plant. The Longshoremen's Union had taken over from the Papermakers'Union approximately three months agc^. The appraisal of the situation was that the strike would run for a long time. The report also informed the meeting that as of December 31, 1967, 126,516 shares had been purchased under the Incentive Stock Option Plan by 99 participants at prices ranging from $27.82 to $57.00. As of December 31, 1967, 3,056 employees had subscribed to 320,610 shares of stock, of which 296,295 shares had been paid for in full and delivered. On the stock remaining under pledge, subscribers had paid $386,416 and owed $758,534. The average sub scription price was $40.66. There was then presented to the meeting a report showing changes in selling prices percentagewise by Divisions^ The Chairman of the meeting presented a report entitled "Forecast of Earnings, 1968", which formed part of the agenda. He noted that the forecast of earnings for 1968 was based on the premise that overall business activity in 1968 would be slightly higher than in 1967, recognizing at the same time that part of the gain in Gross National Product was represented by price increases. Housing starts during the year would decline somewhat from their present level, and for the year 1968 would be about the same as in^ 1967. Prospects for non-residential construction were that expendi tures would increase little more than could be accounted for by cost increases. Company net sales for the calendar year 1968 were forecast at $525 million, or 2.5% higher than the current estimate of $512 million for 1967. The forecast assumed some improvement in prices, principally in the Asbestos Fibre, Pipe, and Industrial Insulations Divisions. Much of the sales increase would occur in the second quarter of 1968. During this period in 1967, sales seasonally adjusted were at a low point for the year. Net earn ings at $32 million would be $3.84 per share for 1968 compared to the current estimate of $30 million or $3.59 per share in 1967. The Chairman called attention to the Treasurer's Report of Cash and Securities as of December 31, 1967, which formed part of the agenda in the possession of the Directors. He noted that since the date of the Board's recommendation, courtesy bank accounts had been reduced from 41 to 10 and compensatory accounts from 18 to 7. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000005 ! This memo distributed to Board of Directors and discussed at the January 17, 1968, Board mooting. Item not on agenda. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000006 Asbestos-IIealth FACTS Asbestos is a recognized toxic mineral -- a health hazard. ' Asbestos is recognized as causing Asbestosis, a fibrous condition of the lung. Asbestos fiber is not known to be a carcinogen (cancer causing agent) but is probably a co-carcinogen (co-cancer causing agent) among people industrially exposed to it. Asbestos does not affect, to the same degree, all those who are exposed to it. The effects of asbestos are both time-related and dose-related. The amounts of asbestos dust that can b e fully tolerated by the human are presently unknown. It has been shown that all so-called "asbestos bodies" found in human lungs are not truly asbestos. The effect of asbestos on human health is probably limited to those who mine, mill, fabricate and apply asbestos or asbestos-containing products. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000007 , . ' r >' " z- There is no evidence of any risk to the general public from the use of finished asbestos products. The effect on the public living in asbestos or asbestos product areas is not totally known but is probably remote. Crocidolite asbestos fiber appears to be more hazardous to humans than either Chrysotile or Am'osite asbestos fiber. The standards of allowable dust in asbestos mining, milling and manufacturing operations is; currently being reviewed. It may result in reducing these allowable limits to near-zero. NEEDS Codes of Practice for miners, millers, fabricators and users of asbestos fiber or asbestos-containing products are currently being prepared and need to be adopted and rigidly followed. Further dust control is needed at many mines, mills and manufacturing plants in the asbestos industry, both inside and outside the facilities. The asbestos industry must maintain an open-minded attitude on the asbestos-health question with all news media, a willingness to discuss all phases of the question. Not only that ----- the CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000008 3 asbestos industry must issue positive statements and written articles to the news media as the British asbestos industry has done and must be willing to answer all critical items which appear in the news media. The asbestos industry must be willing to contact public officials who make public statements or introduce legislation that is damaging to the industry, and present the facts on the asbestos-health question. PLANNED ACTION J-M will not wait for possible future reductions in acceptable dust levels. A program has been undertaken to reduce asbestos dust levels in all mines, mills and plants to a point below the presently acceptable limits. J-M is taking a position of industry leadership 1. in preparing Codes of- Practice for miners, millers, fabricators and users of asbestos and asbestos-containing products: 2. in all activities of the QAMA, particularly with respect to the asbestos-health question; CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000009 -4 3. in co-sponsoring and co-financing scientific research studies in the asbestos-health area; 4. in all relations with the news media, issuing statements and articles as needed and answering critical items that appear in the media-; 5. in contacting civic and public health officials who make statements or introduce legislation that is damaging to the asbestos industry; 6. in providing both information and raw materials to government agencies and to all researchers seriously interested in studying the asbestos-health question. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000010 General Headquarters January 15, 1968 C . B . Burnett ASBESTOS AND HEALTH Report for the Board of Directors The attached report, documenting activities on asbestos and health from June 1, 1966 to January 1, 1968, is submitted for your presentation to the Board of Directors. Attach. F. J. Solon, Jr. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000011 TO: The Board of Directors Report of Activity On HEALTH ASPECTS OP ASBESTOS June 1, 1966 to January 1, 1968 January 15, -1968 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000012 January 15, 1968 Report of Activity On HEALTH ASPECTS OF ASBESTOS I. GENERAL BACKGROUND Attached for reference is the only prior report to the Board on this subject, dated June 10, 1966. (Appendix A) It traces the origin of the asbestos-health problem and activities undertaken by Johns--Manville between March and June 1966. This status report summarizes what has transpired since June 1966 and discusses current projects. II. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL In March 1967 Johns-Manville established a new Department of Environmental Control. Its director, Ed Fenner, a mechanical engineer by training, reports to A. C. Smith, Senior Vice President for Research, Development and Engineering. He directs a coordinated approach to the overall J-M environmental control situation dealing with both employee and general public, covering all divisions, plants and mines. Every 60 days, this group gives C. B. Burnett and the President's Staff a detailed briefing on environmental control activities, backed up by a carefully documented written report. More CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000013 - 2- As indicated by the attached extract from the November 1, 1967 Report (Appendix B ), priority attention is being given to locations where asbestos dust levels are higher than we consider acceptable. Because Johns-Manville was one of the first industrial firms to take a "total environment" approach and set up a special department, we have had favorable publicity in several trade publications, including OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS. A reprint of the latter article is attached (Appendix C ) . One project to which the Environmental Control Department is giving high priority is the development of "Codes of Practice" for the guidance of contractors and customers who handle and work with asbestos-containing products in the field. Several of these booklets are presently being prepared by the EC working with the Public Relations Department. ' III. MEDICAL ADVISOR . In November, C. B. Burnett announced the appointment of Dr. George W. Wright as Consultant to the President on medical matters. Dr. Wright, Head of the Department of Medical Research at Saint Luke's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, is a recognized authority on asbestos and human health. A copy of his "Curriculum Vitae" is attached (Appendix D ) . More .. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000014 - 3- IV. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH COMMITTEE To make certain that J-M takes a coordinated, high priority approach to the asbestos/health problem, C.B. Burnett early in 1967,'designated an "Environmental Health Committee," under the chairmanship of F. J. Solon, Jr., Vice President, Advertising and Public Relations. This Committee, which meets bi-monthly to review progress, problems and plans, is composed of the following personnel: C. B. Burnett, President H. M. Ball, Senior Vice President, General Counsel . E. M. Fenner, Director, Environmental Control H. M. Jackson, Manager, Industrial Relations and Development . K. V. Lindell. Senior Vice President Asbestos Fiber Division A. B. Marchant, Senior Vice President Industrial Relations W. P. Raines Director of Public Relations t ' Ivan Sabourin, Legal Counsel to the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association C. L. Sheckler, Manager, Occupational Environmental Control . A. C. Smith, Senior Vice President Research, Development & Engineering F. J- Solon, Jr., Vice President, Advertising and Public Relations Dr. George W. Wright, Medical consultant to the President more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000015 -4 V. PUBLIC RELATIONS ACTIVITIES . Following are highlights of the public relations activities, in connection with the asbestos/health problem, that have been undertaken by the J-M Public Relations Department with the assistance of Hill & Knowlton, our Public Relations Counsel, during the past 18 months : A. PUBLIC RELATIONS MATERIALS ' Attached is a precisely worded statement titled "Asbestos and Human Health" (Appendix E) which summarizes presently known scientific facts concerning the relationship between ^ asbestos and human health. It was developed by the Public Relations, Industrial Relations, Research and Environmental Control Departments and was reviewed and cleared by all members of the aforementioned Environmental Health Committee. I; " _ Quotes from this statement will be used, as needed, by the President, Chairman of Canadian Johns-Manville, Vice President for Finance, Vice President and General Counsel, Controller, the Environmental Control Department and the Public Relations Department in handling inquiries from stockholders, financial analysts, public officials, the press and other outside groups. ' ' more .... CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000016 -5 i In addition, copies of "Asbestos and Human Health" have been distributed to Senior Officers, Division General Managers, Division Staff Managers, District Sales Managers, Plant and Mine Managers and Industrial Relations Managers at all J-M locations. B. BACKGROUND PAPERS We contemplate that this basic statement will answer most questions on the asbestos/health problem. However, for those dealing with scientific writers, the general press, financial analysts, etc., we decided it advisable to have greater detail available on a number of specific aspects of the asbestos/health question. Therefore, preparation \ is underway on seven "background papers" that will be, in effect, appendices to the basic position paper. Subjects include asbestos-cement pipe, asbestosis, mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestos bodies, types of asbestos, asbestos anc( the general public. I C. ACTION PROGRAM The development and use of the basic statement and the background papers, are part of an overall public relations action program that has been developed and approved by the Environmental Health Committee. A copy of this action ( program is attached (Appendix F ) . more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000017 -- 6-- D. HANDLING PRESS RELATIONS IN THE MANVILLE, NEW JERSEY AREA In August, 1967, THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION published an article by four doctors at Somerset Hospital, Somerville, New Jersey, who said they had diagnosed 17 cases of mesothelioma, a very rare form of ancer, among patients living in the vicinity of the Johns-Manville Plant at Manville, New Jersey. They associated this frequency of mesothelioma with asbestos. On Sunday, September 10, 1967 the NEWARK-STAR LEDGER ran a Page One article (Appendix G), reporting on V this finding. Subsequently, every newspaper covering the general area of New Jersey where the Manville Plant is located ran articles on the subject. Although the basic statement had not been finalized at that time, the public relations Department worked with Legal, Industrial Relations and Environmental Control in developing interim statements that were used to help answer the accusations. In every case, the company was successful in working with editors in the development of follow-up articles that, while they did not absolve asbestos, did present the matter in an objective and realistic light and removed it from the "epidemic scare" atmosphere that had been generated by the initial reports. Attached more ...... CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000018 7- is a typical follow-up article, from the SOMERSET MESSENGER GAZETTE (Appendix H ) . E. ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPE ALLEGATIONS Late in November, 1967 allegations about the possible hazard of drinking water supplied through asbestos-cement pipe were introduced into a politically-oriented fight in the metropolitan government of Nashville, Tennessee. Briefly -- for many years only cast iron pipe, supplied by one vendor, has been used in the Nashville water system. The Purchasing Committee of the City Council introduced the idea of asbestos-cement pipe as a possible alternate to cast iron. V * Through means, not entirely clear at present, Dr. James Snell, a medical professor at Vanderbilt University, was inspired to write the head of the Nashville Metropolitan Water Department, expressing concern about ' the safety of asbestos-cement pipe, in view of the publicity that asbestos had received as an alleged cancer-causing agent. Dr. Snell's letter is attached (Appendix I). Publication of Dr. Snell's letter in the NASHVILLE BANNER (Appendix J) and announced plans by the Purchasing Committee of the City Council to visit J-M's Manville Plant more .. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000019 -8 generated considerable publicity and attention in Nashville. . * Working with the Pipe Division arrangements were made to host the city councilmen and Dr. George W. Wright talked with the group at length on asbestos/health. He put the problem into perspective by emphasizing that asbestos appears to be, at most, an occupational hazard that is definitely dose-related. He stated that there is no evidence to support Dr. Snell's allegation that the use of asbestos-cement water pipe might cause cancer. Dr. Wright's comments were given prominence by the NASHVILLE TENNESSEEAN, the city's largest circulation newspaper, in its December 12, 1967 issue, clipping attached (Appendix K ) . Following their return, the Nashville councilmen made further favorable comment about asbestos-cement pipe <to the newspapers. (Appendix L) . Shortly after his talk with the Nashville group, Dr. Wright put his verbal comments into written form in a letter addressed to F. J. Solon, Jr. (Appendix M ) . A further outgrowth of the Nashville situation has been the stated intent (based upon letters from Nashville officials) by the U. S. Department of Health, Education more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000020 - 9- and Welfare, to investigate the alleged health ' hazards of asbestos--cement pipe. Photocopies of the damaging November 30th NASHVILLE BANNER article questioning asbestos-cement pipe began turning up in various other parts of the country, in the hands of officials charged with specification or purchase of water pipe. We had sufficient evidence to indicate these clippings were being placed by people connected with the cast iron pipe industry. So, with legal counsel present and all proceedings tape recorded, a meeting was held at J--M's invitation on January 3, 1968, among the four principal manu v. facturers of asbestos--cement pipe with the Director of the American Water Works Association also present. These future courses of action were determined: . 1. The need to visit informally with personnel of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, to determine the future course of the proposed investiga tion of asbestos--cement pipe and the feasibility of . broadening such an investigation to include all types of pipe carrying potable water. 2. The Director of Public Relations and Hill and Knowlton to proceed with a background paper on asbestos-cement pipe. more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000021 . _ V__ ^ -10 3. The General Counsel of Johns-Manville, as authorized by the other asbestos-cement manufacturers, to discuss with the Counsel for the Cast Iron Pipe Research Institute the poor advisability of using health hazard allegations as a device to promote the sale of any type of water pipe. F. GOVERNMENTAL INTEREST In addition to the above-stated involvement of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare with asbestos-cement pipe, several other indications of interest in asbestos and health, at the government level, are worthy of note. President Johnson's comments to a group of labor editors and Surgeon General Stewart1s remarks at a Senate hearing are contained in our June 10, 1966 report to the Board. In addition, New Jersey Congressman Patten of Perth Amboy, in September 1967, introduced a bill designed to set standards in Asbestos manufacturing and transportation. Attached is a copy of the newsletter (Appendix N) to his constituents, in which Representative Patten explains his proposed legislation. This Patten Bill received very little national publicity and the best information now that it is most unlikely that any action will be taken upon this proposed legislation. , more .... CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000022 - 11- To date, none of these actions has led to serious governmental interference with the asbestos industry but such interference as well as congressional investigation, remain quite distinct possibilities. G. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION ADDRESS In October 1 9 6 7 , F. J. Solon, Jr., Vice President, Advertising and Public Relations, delivered a paper on the subject "Communicating the Effectiveness of Industry's Hazard and Pollution Controls - Whose Job?" to the annual meeting of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation in Pittsburgh. He stressed both the importance of positive communication by industry of the facts regarding its occupational and environmental control problems, and the responsibility of medical and scientific people to challenge those of their colleagues who make sensational charges merely for the sake of publicity, without backup proof. t being printed and distributed by IHF. The paper is H. Monitoring, Evaluating and Circulating Medical Articles, Newspaper and Magazine Clippings,etc. _______________ An important public relations activity is the continuous monitoring of medical journals, both domestic and foreign, as well as newspapers, magazines and radio and television programs, for scientific papers and articles relating to asbestos and health. more ... CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000023 - 12- Since these medical papers and publicity mentions are too voluminous to enable mention of each in a report of this length, only the most significant ones are summarized as follows: I. Medical Journal and Meeting Reports . Dr. Irving J. Selikoff, Head of Medical Research at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York and Dr. E.C. Hammond, Chief Statistician of the American Cancer Society, reported in June 1967 that the combined effects of exposure to asbestos dust along with cigarette smoking results in a greatly increased risk of lung cancer. However, they reported no lung cancer found among non-smoking asbestos workers in this particular study. . Drs. Selikoff and Hammond, in another study, reported (October 1967) that 50 percent of the autopsied lungs of New York City residents exhibited t so-called "asbestos bodies," although the finding was not related to any specific disease nor to the cause of death. . Drs. Demy and Adler of Somerset Hospital, Somerville, New Jersey, reported (July 1967) 47 cases of lung cancer and mesothelioma (cancer of the walls of the chest and abdominal cavity) among residents of the more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000024 - 13- area. This was attributed to asbestos exposure through previous employment at Johns-Manville. Four other physicians from the same hospital Dr. Borow and associates , reported (August 1967) that 17 cases of mesothelioma had been discovered within a three-year period among residents of the Manville area. Two of these patients had not had occupational asbestos exposure. They speculated on the relationship to asbestos in the area. Researchers at the Industrial Hygiene Foundation# Pittsburgh# (Dr. Gross and associates) reported (September 1967) producing lung cancer in rats exposed to asbestos dust. These workers noted that the asbestos dust used was highly contaminated with trace metals, which may have induced the cancers. Dr. Gross and associates, in another study, reported (November 1967) that growths similar to "asbestos bodies" can be produced by other substances, leading to the suggestion that such bodies of unkown origin should be called "ferruginous bodies" (iron-like bodies) until their actual composition is known. more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- , -14- . Researchers of the U. S. Public Health Service (Cralley and associates), analyzed samples of chrysotile used in the asbestos textile industry and reported (October 1967) finding significant contamination with trace metals (nickel, chromium and manganese) which should be considered in studies of cancer in asbestos-exposed people. I I XI. Asbestos and Health Stories in the Lay Press . The WASHINGTON POST-LOS ANGELES TIMES SYNDICATE distributed a story by science writer Harry Nelson based on the Demy and Adler cancer paper, which was printed in many newspapers. (August 1967) r (Appendix 0) . The same syndicate distributed a story in December 1967 by Thomas O'Toole of the WASHINGTON POST based on a review of several mesothelioma-asbestos ' ' medical papers (Appendix P ) . . A press conference held at the annual meeting of the American Medical Association resulted in extensive news coverage of the Selikoff and Hammond paper on asbestos and smoking. (June 1967) (Appendix Q) m o r e ....... CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000026 15- An erroneous "scare" story appeared in CHEMICAL WEEK. This was prominently corrected in a later issue. (September and October 1966) (Appendices R and S) . . A news release sent out by the American Medical Association resulted in many newspaper stories about "asbestos bodies" found in autopsied lungs. (June 1966) (Appendix T ) . . A news release issued by the U. S. Public Health Service resulted in stories about a Seminar on asbestos and health. (December 1966) (Appendix U) VI COORDINATION WITH BRITISH ASBESTOS INDUSTRY Close liaison is maintained with the British asbestos industry in connection with asbestos and human health. Medical articles and publicity stories appearing in the i United States and Great Britain are exchanged on a regular basis. Upon several occasions representatives of the British Medical and Public Relations groups have visited New YorX and discussed strategies applicable to the two countries. VII. MEDICAL CONFERENCE AT ANTIQUA In November, forty interested medical experts from all more .... CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000027 - 16- over the world attended a conference at Antigua, BWI, designed to discuss the current thinking on the relation ship of asbestos and health. This was the second meeting of the group, which was organized in 1965 by the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association, under the leadership of J-M Senior Vice President Karl Lindell. There was a good and free exchange of points of view and information at this second conference. Karl Lindell reports that the biggest single benefit was the direct personal confrontation between various individuals pursuing diverse paths and theses in seeking answers to the medical and biological effects of asbestos. There was good dialogue among these men, which confirms the validity of the original idea of organizing the group and of holding periodic conferences. VIII. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES As istated in the basic position paper, research into the health effects of asbestos is being sponsored by Johns-Manville and, in some instances, other asbestos manufacturers at a number of locations. The current status of the most important of these studies is summarized in the attached excerpt (Appendix V) from "Environmental Control Report #3." more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000028 - 17And a -memorandum (Appendix W) from the Environmental Control Department, outlines supplemental studies that have been initiated as a result of the above-mentioned accusation concerning asbestos-cement pipe. # # # # CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000029 . C. B. Burnett GENERAL HEADQUARTERS June 10, 1966 Summary of Activity to Date . Public Relations Project ` r ' - .On Public Health Aspects of J-M Products The attached report is submitted for your presentation to the Board of Directors. ' \ ' , P. J. Solon, Jr. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000030 June 10, 1S66 . RECENT a c t i v i t i e s ..V . . on . -; ; PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS OF J-M PRODUCTS General Background ... - . ` _ . In recent months, in the public press and in articles appearing '* ir* me^ i<=al and scientific literature, asbestos is being pointed .to as constituting a possible problem of public health. .. The problem is two-fold: Occupational: Scientific studies are going far beyond . ' i asbestos mining and primary handling into a much f V. broader occupational group, including workers at the second and third stages of use of asbestos. . Environmental; Increasingly, researchers in asbestos i fl :! are extending their concern to exposures of the general public. With this escalating public emphasis on and governmental attention to air pollution as a health hazard, this area of concern is bound to attract more . , attention from medical and scientific research people. For-example, the wearing of asbestos-base brake linings and clutch facings, the scuffing of asbestos-- asphalt and ^ vinyl-asbestos floor tile, the weathering of asbestos-based building boards and roofing are being pointed to by CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000031 researchers as putting asbestos fiber into the air as a contaminant. . . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000032 -3- . " f - v . /-'->V:- ; : . . =" " . " ' ' ' ' . ' The following chain of events is significant: y: ' . J:* j . October 1964 * Symposium on Asbestos sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences, organized and co-chaired by Dr. I. J. Selikoff and.his associate, J. Churg. The weekend prior to this meeting, Dr. Selikoff released three articles to the press, quoting out - ` of context various preprints of papers to be given by medical participants at the Symposium. .These releases were largely . one-sided, strongly pointing up a link between lung cancer and ^ asbestos. Because of group action by the British medical men , present, declaring from the meeting floor that they deplored Dr. Selikoff's publicity-grabbing attempts and threatening to . alk out of the meeting, the press largely disregarded the material - released to them by Selikoff. To our knowledge, only one article appeared -- in The Newark, N. J. Evening News. At this same meeting, Dr.'Selikoff presented his own findings from a study of Eastern area asbestos workers, emphasizing his claim of an asbestos-cancer link. March 1966 - At the dedication of his Environmental Health J Laboratory at Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York City, Dr. Selikoff repeated his claim of an elevated incidence of cancer among those _ exposed to asbestos dust. Press material was released, this time ; .it the wire services and was used by The New York Times, Washington - Evening Star and a good number of local papers across the U. S. * and in Canada, and on radio and television stations. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000033 ; piav 3. 1966 - Dr. Selikoff was featured on a coast-to coast . radio program ("Dimensions" - CBS Network - 12:00 to 12:50 P.M.) - which began with the commentator announcing to a background of drum rolls and martial music - "They've found another killer in - the air ... Asbe.stos!" He also appeared on WOR, New York City. " . ' Mav 10. 1966 r New York Mayor Lindsay's Task Force on Air Pollution, in their final report, named asbestos dust from . . * ; ' brake linings as an air contaminant. Kav 1966 - With the headline "Asbestos As An Urban Air Contaminant", an article by two South African and one American researcher was published in the Archives of Pathology of the American Medical Association. It pointed out that in a study in Miami, Florida *. ~ of 500 consecutive autopsies of the general public over a 15-vear ' period, "asbestos bodies" were found in the lungs of 30% of the males and 20% of the females. As a result of their findings, the researchers said: " An increase in the frequency of malignant mesothelioma of pleura and peritoneum is forecast rather than pulmonary disease or disability." ' -Coincident with publication of this article, the May issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association published an editorial emphasizing the importance of the Archives article. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000034 - On May 23rd the AMA also released material to the press on both the article and the editorial. This was given extensive . publication by the wire services and local press across the U. S. and in Canada. ' . Also on May 23rd, President Johnson in his remarks to a gathering of Labor Press Editors had this to say in part: The time has also come to do something about the effects of a working man's job on his health. This problem has been neglected too long. It % % must be neglected no longer. IT "Since World War II dozens of new materials and hundreds of new manufacturing processes have been introduced into our factories. And new * _ hazards have come with them. "We do not know the full, long-range impact of * ` . these hew hazards on the health of our workers. "We do not know enough about what really happens to men and women who handle chemicals, plastics, asbestos, petroleum products, and glass. "But we do .know that the hazards are real. We do know that work-related diseases and other physical and mental disorders are on the rise. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000035 .. ' ' . - 6- That trend must be reversed -- and we are moving to reverse it. _ . 1 am directing the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare to make an intensified study of . occupation health. He will.report to m e a t the , earliest possible moment on what this Government can do: . . . n__pirst, to isolate and eliminate the hazards - that now exist; and __second, to test new products and processes so that precautions can be taken to prevent . health hazards before they occur. -We are no longer content in America with achieving only, the "greatest good for the greatest number." Today, the measure we apply to our national pro gress is how m u c h > e improve the lot of all, and especially of those who have the least." , The President's remarks were given detailed coverage in the the New York Times and newspapers across the country. I B. 1966 in his appearance before the Senate Subcommittee on water and Air Pollution, Surgeon General William H. Stewart CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000036 i" pointed up the public health hazards of a number of materials including lead, pesticides, beryllium, cadmium, fluorides, . " .mercury, plastic's and asbestos. _ . ; . '* * * Regarding asbestos, he said in part: - . "The- occupational hazards of prolonged exposure ^ to asbestos dust are widely known. The possible community environmental hazards are a subject of increasing concern among scientists ...... "Because of its durability and heat resistance, asbestos is widely used in such products as brake linings, roofing, insulation and household tile. . Some of its uses involve almost constant wear, with the result that asbestos particles are ' ' released into the atmosphere." . - The Surgeon Generals remarks were covered by the New York . Times and the wire services. * . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000037 . V : ' . :r. 8 - .. . : ' V. V ' ?HE RATIONALE 1 ` ' . ' ; . " Our initial studies of the scientific literature, symposium papers, press articles and other available . , * materials present these facts: . . - .. - ; . ' Published research work on asbestos provides a rather * " - ` . r ' neat set of hypotheses for current thinking about cancers, especially lung cancer: ' 1. A higher-than-expected incidence among those known or thought to have been exposed to'asbestos. 2. Increased longevity among over-exposed workers, _ whose predecessors might have died at an earlier age from whatever cause, but the longer-lived contemporaries are living through the "latent" period to a lung-cancer age. 3. Lung damage related to, or thought to be related to, inhalation of asbestos fibers, fitting in with the theory that lung cancer is more likely to occur in damaged lungs (by mechanical or bacterial or viral damage.) 4. The suspected presence of a strong (animal) carcinogen, 3 , 4 benzpyrene actually present in (some) asbestos. 5. The claimed strong affinity for asbestos of this same carcinogen, and perhaps others of the same class -- the polynuclear hydrocarbons. This would appeal strongly to those who theorize that lung cancer results from a combina tion of factors which result basically in a heavier deposition CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000038 5 ; o`f airborne (including cigarette smoke) carcinogens in some A:' lungs than in others, because of a condition that would 2 permit accumulation of such "cancer-causing, substances in -9. one spot over a period of years. 6. The apparent association of asbestos with a mesothelioma," 'considered a rare type of lung cancer, which will give a handle for labeling this' type of tumor as an "asbestos" tumor. . :. ' ' ' 7 ' " The claimed findings of "asbestos bodies" in lungs of people who'never'seemedto have beei exposed to anything other than the ambient air -- no occupational . exposures to asbestos, and the finding of more such "asbestos bodies"'in people who live closer to'(but not at) asbestos mines or factories. ' Those who seek to implicate asbestos can put such theories together in a way to conjecture that, with the (a) long latent period, (b) greater use of asbestos and there fore greater exposures, (c) peculiar type of lung c a n e mesothelioma, and (d) lung damage plus carcinogen theory, they will be able to find more and more lung (and perhaps other) cancer associated with the presence of asbestosis or asbestos bodies. And, since there was relatively little looking for such in previous years, it is almost certain that they will be able to find and report this increase, ' ,, 0 matter'what really is responsible for it - whether an artifact of reporting or what. . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000039 . '' : ' - ft .* - .. . . ' . Unfortunately, there appears to be little or nothing - ' - 1 0 - in the scientific literature that actually contradicts or refutes such findings and indications. * ' There are, of course, questions but these are not always plus questions. Some of them are: . 1. Despite the apparent elevated rate of lung cancer - - : ' * 'i among those exposed to asbestos, the rate is still relatively low compared to all causes of death. 2. Among certain asbestos workers, the lung cancer rate does not appear to be out of line with that of the general population. (But these are not general studies.) 3. The specificity of asbestos to so-called "asbestos bodies" appears to be in some dispute; that is, the pathological entity that is called an "asbestos body" might actually be caused by some other irritant. However, there are those who claim they can tell the true "asbestos" body . * from other kinds. . . *4 4. Some differences of opinion exist as to the relative hazards of different kinds of asbestos, indicating a possible area of dispute as to whether it is "asbestos" that may be involved or particular kinds of asbestos. 5. . The epidemiological (or population) studies have been limited in scope and subject to some criticism as to their applicability'to general population. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000040 ' ; X - u - . ' 6. Relatively little is known about the mesothelioma V " that is associated by some studies with asbestos, even including its previous incidence. ` ~ ` **. / ' -7. Other minral, dust, and chemical exposures may be involved, so that "asbestos" per se may not be a sole ` or the most important factor, but this is a relatively weak point if the other factors are associated with asbestos uses. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000041  ': ; . 1 > * . *.* . " v..*I -- 1 2 -- ' -1***.. ;* *-` - ** ; ' ACTION BY JOHNS-MANVILLE AND THE ASBESTOS INDUSTRY . Since the Symposium of the New York Academy of Sciences in .`-V October 1964, these actions have been taken: '. . - Quebec Asbestos Mining Association . t . ... % i $ QAMA (Karl V. Lindell, General Manager of the J-M Asbestos . Fibre Division, is a leading participant member).convened a study conference at Antigua, BWI in November 1965, attended by interested medical experts from all over the world, designed to discuss the current thinking on the occupational health of asbestos workers. " - An Ad Hoc Health Committee was formed out of the'Antigua meeting, which subsequently established the "Asbestos Health Research Council"of QAMA. A Scientific Committee of this Council was set up under Dr. George Wright of Cleveland to advise the Council on such research programs as the epidemiological study t just begun by Dr. MacDonald of McGill University, Montreal; the establishment of a library and accumulation of a body of knowledge on the general subject of asbestos as related to occupational health; organization of symposia or other scientific meetings as appropriate, plus other activities as may be required. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000042  L J-M Task Force Group We have established a Task force Group headed by F. J. Solon,Jr., made up of Corporate officers and staff from the corporate ' management, industrial relations, medical, marketing and public relations areas. This group is coordinating all activities bearing on what we now call: "Public Health Aspects of Johns- Manville Products". . . " \* . '' ' Public Relations Counsel . . J-M has retained -(as of May 16, 1966) Hill & Knowlton, Inc., long-established, worldwide public relations counsel to advise us on public health aspects of all J-M raw materials and finished products. Hill and Knowlton's initial assignment from J-M is to assemble and interpret existing information and medical research findings * so as to: ' - . t a. Determine J-M's potential exposure in the area of public health. b. Determine the "ammunition", if any, that presently exists which would be suitable to rebut public criticism and answer questions from employees, customers, etc. c. Determine possible directions medical research might take to fill .gaps in existing information. .d. Determine possible areas Manville Research might examine, with CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000043 . respect to health-related characteristics of some of our . own as. well as competitive products (e.g. Transite vs. cast . iron pipe). . v - ; Asbestos Textile Institute . ` `. - . Membership is made up of most asbestos textile manufacturers and asbestos mining companies. This group is cooperating in a study, begun in 1962 by the . ' u. S. Public Health Service . ' ;- This study concerns environmental and medical aspects of asbestos as it relates to the worker. TJSPHS researchers have conducted phases of this study at our Manville, Marshville and Denison plants. ^ * . - - Vie estimate the study is about 50% finished at this time, completion expected by 1969. . i .. . .Industrial Hygiene Foundation Yhis foundation is set-up at the Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh. J--M, along with such other companies as Owens-Coming, Pittsburgh Plate, Certain-teed, U.S. Rubber, is now in final consideration of a Foundation proposal to study fibrous material of chrysotile asbestos, glass, cellulose, and such binder materials as phenal and chrome. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000044 Upcoming Congress of American College of Chest Physicians -We plan attendance and possible participation at the World Congress of the American College of Chest Physicians in Copenhagen, August 21 - 25, at which Dr. Selikoff is heading a panel on ^sbestosis. Press coverage of doctors and researchers who will ' * . speak out in opposition to Selikoff's claims will he arranged as needed or indicated by Selikoff's own press activities at the Congress. Hill & Knowlton's New York and overseas offices will work on this latter phase of activity. . Interim Position Statements . The J-M Task Force Group has issued and will continually update a statement of facts on the public health aspects of asbestos. This will assist J-M management people in answering questions on this subject from inside and outside the company. All press clippings/ radio and television reports and significant scientific writings will also be distributed as soon as they appear. ' ` # # # CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000045  ^ sexcerpt- environmental control Report # 3 N o v e m b e r 1. 1 9 6 7 _____ Appendix B -4- )CCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL PRIORITIES './ . REPORT #1, SECTION #1, JUNE 1, 1967 (Pages 3-4) MANVILLE, WAUKEGAN, PITTSBURG AND MARRERO STATIONS ABOVE MAC AND UNSTABLE * ' The Environmental Control Report #1, dated June 1, 1967, indicated that our overall occupational environmental control problems are voluminous. Tor reasons stated in the June Report, it was essential to assign priorities to specific locations and problems. Maximum emphasis was placed on eliminating toxic dust exposures at Manville, Waukegan, Pittsburg and Marrero. ; Our Report #2, dated August 1, 1967 summarized the activities and progress of dust abatement at the four priority locations. . : . . At the General Managers meeting of August 28, the afternoon was devoted to J discussion of Environmental Control. Mr.. Burnett emphasized the need for cleaner plants, improved working conditions, reduction of occupational injuries and minimized related liability. A seven point Environmental Control Company pol cy was established. In conjunction with the policy, Environmental Control Standa Practices for Industrial Hygiene, Housekeeping and Product Toxicology were reviewed and approved. Subsequently, these E. C. Standard Practices were dis tributed to all J-M locations. "During this reporting period, we have experienced a great deal of newspaper publicity regarding the adverse effects of asbestos on the health of workers. Much of this publicity originated and was concentrated in the New Jersey newspapers. Many of the articles included statements by local physicians and referred to our Manville Plant by name. In addition to the adverse news publicity, a bill was introduced in the House by Congressman Patten of New Jersey to establish and enforce standards o protect the worker by insuring safer working conditions and the public by . producing safer materials. The bill has not moved out of committee and is being watched carefully. The need for im^diate clean-up action at all operations and especially the four priority locations was made evident by: . A. The establishment of J-M Environmental Control policies and standards. B. Increased news media attacks concerning the use of asbestos. C. Proposed federal legislation to regulate the use of asbestos. Engineering assignments, appropriations, improved housekeeping and Sene^al progress are being made at the priority locations. The environmental improvem-nt, However is not progressing rapidly enough in view of the recent developments in New Jersey. It is essential, therefore, that every effort be made to increase dust abatement work at Manville, Waukegan, Pittsburg and Marrero. Manville Plant should be given first consideration among the four priority locations, On March 23, 1967, a Manville Plant Managers meeting was held subsequent to dis cussion with the Production Managers, outlining an eighteen month concentrated program for controlling dust to within the allowable threshold limits. Progress . has been made but there are currently a number of stations out of control. E. M. Fenner and C. L. Sheckler will again meet with the Manville Plant Managers on November-2, 1967 to review the program and emphasize the target date. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000046 . . . .. -5- ` CCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL PRIORITIES (Cont'd.) s'l A special Tbs, Tore, Tessas Materials Division to study and Initiate a Masures developed a i measures in conjunction with wlll be applied at Marshville and H f,,t the M U s been developing a card t^closu that'Jly be successful in minimlring dust at the carding, operations of all J-M asbestos textile plants. ij li t *.11 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000047 PLANT and Government official* in*peet new watte treatment equip ment at Watorville. Ohio plant. ' /O CCU PATIO NAL HAZARDS/Oclober 1747 These days, safety-security directors are right at home with safety, fire protection, and plant security. When you add industrial hygiene to the list, there's no quarrel that it docsn t prop erly belong, though, some SSD 's arc vaguely apologetic about their lack of attention to that aspect of their programs. Tack on air and water pollution and product liability, as we did in this issue, and eyebrows start to climo. There are some who immediately see the connection, some who dabble in " those three areas and anticipate step ping up their acticties, a few who already have firm, direct responsibil ities in air pollution, water pollution, and product liability. .The fact remains, though, that many SSD 's don't yet see themselves in pollution control or product liabil ity. One group of them will tell you that coordinating additional programs would spread them too thin. Another group will tell you that the total environment concept makes good and sense and most assuredly water pollution and includes product air li ability. However, they're pessimistic about the prospects of their corporate management's pulling all the strands together to coordinate the health and one safety effort by man. Their putting it under counterparts of a generation ago were doubtless saying and the same thing about plant security, pre two protection taken-for- granted items these days. U c cun t Edhelp but wonder Fenner who if Johns-Munvillc's heads up the cor- porution's department of environ amental long control shadow. doesn't, in fact, cast / CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000048 i n March 1 of this year Ed Fenner appointment and seems to thrive on officially assumed his new duties as it When we talked to him he had Director of the Department of En just concluded a conference with vironmental Control. At the same C. B. Burnett, J-M president. time, Clifford L. Sheckler moved up When we described to Fenner our from Manager of the Industrial plans for an issue on Total Environ Health Program to Manager of Oc ment and spelled out its components cupational Environmental Control, he nodded knowingly. "That's famil and James N. Siegfried was named iar ground" he said. "We here at Chief of Community Environmental J-M have been over it often before Control. March 1 and hard at work on it When the announcement fluttered since that time." to rest on an OH editor's desk, it . J-M's top management had estab 'looked routine enough, until a sen lished programs that go back many tence caught his eye: " Mr. Fenner years to handle accident prevention, and his staff, headquartered at Fin- air and water pollution, plant hy deme, N. J-, will coordinate all com giene, and product liability, but by pany activities dealing with air and earlv last year, the brass began ques water pollution, industrial hygiene, tioning whether, in view of the re accident prevention engineering, and cent developments in these fields, product toxicology." they hadn't been scattering their Mr. Fenner was dealing with Total shots. In the Urge, highly-diversified Environment. We rang liin up and company network that takes in 61 arranged a meeting at T-Ms New locations and includes a wide range \ York offices. of activities from mining operations I Fenner is a tall, spare, vigorous to the manufacture of industrial pipe, man who looks to be in his late 40's. insulating fire brick, brake linings, Hanisd atnos-wthecr-spotoint.queHstei'osnsnoatrea dimreacnt phaapdert,o raenadch t2e1x,t5il0e0, eJmohpulos-yMeeasnvainllde 1 to minimize problems or to draw beyond to residents of communities premature conclusions. He has been in 30 States and Canada. moving at a brisk clip since his new The reorganization tliat resulted in CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000049 new appointments for old pros Fen V ner, Sheckler, and Siegfried was an effort to take a colicsivc approach to occupational and community cn- vironmeiitul problems. Before the reorganization, the com pany's four industrial hygiene labora tories confined themselves to plant hygiene and reported to plant indus trial relations managers in their re- ipective areas. Now, hygiene labs have been expanded in stuff and in range of duties with the addition of air and water pollution. The hygiene labs report to a supervisor of indus trial hygiene, who, in turn, reports to Sheckler. . . Air and water pollution used to be the responsibility of operating manage ment Within engineering, J-M had a SAMPLES of nultrials inad by J-M go through analysis at Company's Eastam Ragional Industrial Hygiana Lab. water treatment group, a dust control group, and, occasionally, did some of its own dust emission sampling. On occasion, the engineering staff re tained outside consultants to solve specific air and water pollution prob lems. "In the past," Fenner told us, "no central organization had responsibil ity for identifying air and water pollu tion problems. Now, our group (En ' vironmental Control) has that respon sibility." Identifying is a key word in that quotation because Fenner's group deals essentially in telling local plant management what is needed, in docu menting the need for action. Environ mental control does not tell plant managers how to go about effecting die solution, unless asked for recom mendations, and, of course, they often are. The point is that imple mentation remains the jurisdiction of operating management The Environmental Control Unit concentrates on appraisal and on get ting the word out. Fully six montlis before the reorganization was an nounced, for example, J. N. Siegfried, now chief, community environmental control, was conducting a study to round up pending and existing legis lation covering air and water pollu tion control. The unit published reports for plants in the network, and from time to time as new legislative proposals are introduced, they are published in capsule form in a newsletter, "En vironmental Control Notes". ECU - also periodically publishes a news letter, "Notes on riant Problems" , containing summaries of pollution problems and- the steps contemplated to solve them. These summaries arc distributed to plants likely to encoun ter similar problems as the plant be ing reported on. The corporate president and his staff get a bi-monthly report citing the specific environmental problems of every plant in the network. In addition, ECU keeps posted on environmental health study findings of agencies like the U. S. Public Health Service and the Industrial Hygiene Foundation. These data are then disseminated throughout the company. An industrial hygiene surve/ is conducted in every J-M plant at least once a year. The survey includes in strument sampling for noise, dust, fumes, and vapors. Results are logged in the records back at the regional hygiene laboratory. The hygiene su pervisor sends the inspectors field recommendations together with his own recommendations to the plant manager. The local plant manager then decides finally what measures to take and requests divisional research and engineering to go ahead with them. In die meantime, Sheckler as man ager of occupational environmental control writes a letter to die division production manager advising him of the results of the survey and the rec ommendations stemming from it. Or dinarily. a deadline is set for comple tion of the improvements. Field hy gienists follow up with a second in spection to evaluate die improvements, ' and, if asked, to offer consultative aid. Safety recommendations are also included in die hygiene survey. When O c c u p a t io n a l H azards visited J-M corporate offices, Fenner told us that field hygienists were cov ering company locations one by one to determine air and water pollution needs. These are visual observations, made with the aid of a checklist Their findings go into a report. _ One of Fenner's group's bi-mondily reports to top management has al ready been instrumental in helping a plant solve a water pollution prob lem before it became full-blown. One plant, a manufacturer of fibre- board products and ceiling tile, em ploys sonic 230 people. It's located in North Bay, Ontario. As with board mills everywhere, effluents were a problem. J-M did what it considered at die time to be its best in holding down pollution. > A stringent water pollution law had been passed by die province of Ontario but had not as yet taken effect The law combined with engi neering and EDC recommendations triggered a whole reexamination of the North Bay plant's water pollu tion defenses. The plant stopped dumping one effluent into streams altogether. It will filter another effluent to allow re use and thereby reduce the quantity of solids going into die river. Exten sive engineering changes were un dertaken to improve sanitation. Total cost ran around $250,000. By the time the law is in force, J-M will have been well within its letter. Moreover, its community relations are excellent. ^OCCUPATIONAL HA2AROS/Oelobr tftf CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000050 -ITf* V ; J c! ' . AIR POLLUTION CHECKLIST . ' Johns-Manville's hygienists use this checklist to make visual inspections for air pollution. There are also similar lists for fluid effluents, solid wastes, and noise levels. _. . AIRBORNE EMISSIONS > General information Plant location______ Review date------------- .Plant Manager. .Plant Engineer. B. Assigned Stack No.: (devise logical sequence). C. Location within plant:________________________ D. Source operation:. E. Materials into process:_____ F. Normal operating schedule: hours/day. G. Processing weight rate:. Ib s /h o u r __ _days/week_ H. Type of discharge: ____ solid particulate ____ liquidous particles ____ steam or water vapor ____ true gases or fumes I. Emission frequency --------occasionally ____ cyclical ____ commonly --------- continuously J. Emission intensity: --------slight m o d era te ------- heavy ____ extreme K. Particulate nature: ____ fine dust particles ____ coarse dust particles ____ fiberous matter ____ moist or wet dusts M . Color of plume: ____ white .other Dust fall-out pattern: J____local to stack area ____ on adjacent roof areas lainly on plant property jdust readily airborne N. Attendant odors: ____ none ------- slight ___ moderate ____ strong .extreme 0 . Character of odors: P. Identification Of dust collection or pollution abatement facilities* provided: ___ .absorber ' .scrubber .multiclone ____ adsorber .packed tower .rotoclone ____ catalytic burner .veuturi scrubber .baghouse ____afterburner -settling chamber .precipitator ____ spray chamber * .cyclone .other Q. Stack constru'ction and diameter:. R. Discharge height above grade:. S. Volume of air being moved: scfm__________ __ . T . Estimated contaminant emission rate: Ibs/hour. If U. Complaint record: ____ none ____ infrequent ____ occasional ____ regular V. Source of complaints: ____ area residents _ I __ organized groups ____local authorities ____governmental agencies W. Complaint comments: X. Pertinent changes in emission conditions since last inspection:. Y. Pertinent changes in process conditions since last inspection:. Z. General comments:. O ctn tw A T /n rriiP A T in M A i m a t a CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000051 OCCUPATIONAL nvronmtnt#! control manager Clifford Stickler, and Edmund M. Fanner, director of the Environmental Con. trol Department must approve all personal protective equipment. Cheeking the ads ipate in a 2-hour program that ones who have to take time out and Product toxicology, which bears ttrhaecytorsh*aveassotackiaetnionto mreeegtiionngas.l cTohne otrfyficitaols,plaacnadte ctihtiezepnrse' ssg,roguopvse.rnTmheenyt , directly on product liability, is also within Fenner's group's bailiwick. presentation covers the necessity for welcome our help." L That's one of the primary reasons dust control measures and the wear Fenner acknowledges that he is still they follow environmental health ing of respiratory equipment. An self-questioning some of his own tech studies so closely. The Department of analvsis of the cost of workmen's niques. He sees the function of his Environmental Control publishes for compensation and occupational dis department as essentially that of a , 'V internal use throughout the company ease claims clinches their argument. communicator. a Manual of Standards Practices. A These "2-hour" sessions invariably "The question is, *How are we r section within this manual keeps ran 3 to 3): hours. That's how warmly being received?'," Fenner said. "We plant management posted on accept they're received. don't know altogether yet, but there are a number of early indications ed methods of safeguarding against toxicity. First reaction favorabie that we're getting through. The re All customer health queries are In plant safety, The Department ports on government legislation and the plant inspection summaries both funneled through the Department of Environmental Control. It processes, of Environmental Control drafts and seemed to have had impact. We think on the average, about 30 of them a promnlgates safety codes throughout the corporate network, makes safety we're on the right track." Certainly, as Fenner would be the month. On any product t*hat is toxic, or recommendations as part of the hy first to admit, if the Department of could be under certain conditions, giene inspections, and acts as the ap proval authority for all safety equip Environmental Control fails to com municate, it won't be the fault of top Shecklcr works with public relations and advertising people to sec that ment that's purchased. The promo management. They've given the new news releases, advertisements, and tional and educational side of the safety program is still lodged in in department sustained backing. The latest evidence of this came at the ' brochures contain adequate warnings and proper instructions for use. dustrial relations. Cerierul Managers' meeting held late ' We asked Fenner how local plant in August. This regular get-together | managers had taken to the reorgan is attended by the top two dozen Educating the user ization in that, to some extent, how or so corporate and operating execu J-M not only docs an educational ever diplomatic the approach, the tives in the company. The functions, job within its own organization but Department of Environmental Control activities, and responsibilities of the also carries the word beyond in con had moved into an area that was Department of Environmental Con cert with various trade associations. formerly solely the plant managers'. trol were on the agenda, and the For example, the company manufac- "They're most enthusiastic about vital contributions made by the de rures products cout.lining asbestos that this new, cohesive approach," Fenner partment were underscored by Presi contractors install as an insulating nia answered promptly. "After all, if their dent Burnett. . terial. It's tricky stufT to handle. plant has a problem with air or water Johns-Manvillc is firmly committed - Under the aegis of the National pollution, plant hygiene, safety, or to a coqioiate approach to health and Insulation Maunfaetuiers' Associa product toxicity, they're the ones safety that recognizes the realities tion, J-M and Owens-Coming partic whose schedules suffer, they're the of die times. 4 * CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000052 . CURRICULUM VITAS .. . . .November, 1966 Appendix D. . .GEORGE W. WRIGHT, M.D. . .* . .' ' \ .BORN: ' Briarcliff Manor. New York, December 21, 1907 P r e -Professional Education: Evansville College, Evansville.'Indiana Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 1926 - 1928 1928 1930 B.S June, 1930 Professional Education : Indiana University School or r;edic.<.ne 1928 - 1932 M.D* June, 1932 Internships : Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Mo. Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Mo. Service - Medicine Completed December, 1932 - 1933 (18 months) Assistant in Medicine Completed June, 1934 (6 months) Residencies and Fellowships : Bellevue Hospital, New York City New Haven Hospital. New Haven Connecticut I Bellevue Hospital. New York City Service Medicine, 2nd Div. Resident Completed June,1935 (12 months) Service. X-ray,Assistant Residen Completed December,1935 (6 month . Service. Tuberculosis,Resident Completed December,1936 (12 months) if) Present Occupation: e* i_ n in the Division oi Internal He3d' Medicine?*"Sain't^Luke 's" Hoipital, 11311 Shaker Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44104 Teaching Association : s s s KS3 a : B s w o . DDeepoaarrttmmccnt of Medicine, 19=3 to aato r .a ., . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000053 Curriculurn Vitae -2 George W. Wright, M.D- Hospital Associations - Present. . . Senior Associate Physician, Active Staff - Saint Luke's Hospital Cleveland, Ohio 44104 Associate Physician on the Consulting Staff of Highland View Hospital Cleveland 22 Ohio ' Associate Physician in General Medicine, Staff of Cleveland Metro politan General Hospital, Cleveland( Ohio (July 1,19j5 to date) Meo.berships in Professional Societies: , 1 2. 3. 4 . 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. American Medical Association . .' . Ohio State Medical Association Cleveland Academy ox Medicine ' American Physiological Society ^ American Association for Tnoracic Suxgary ^ American Clinical And Climatological Association American Thoracic Society ` Ohio Thoracic Society Cleveland Chest Society . Industrial Medical Association - Private Practice: Clifton Springs Sanatorium. Clifton Springs. New York January.1937 to December. 1937 (cardiologist) Saranac Lake New York _ ,. ^ October, 1939 to 1953 (chest diseases - consulta no.i Cleveland, Ohio 1953 to date (consultation only) . onl:.) Licensed in: . State of Indiana State of Mev; York Staue of Ohio 1939 1937 1953 A dditional: Chairman - Medical Advisory Committee, Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance. Social Security Administration, Department o* Health, Education and Welfare. Washington. D-C. (19fO to-date; Chairmen - Committee on Research. American Tnoracic^ socic-uy Ncv; York City . - Member - Heart Disease Control Advisory Committee,_Division x Chronic Diseases, Department of Health. Education ano ..el^-xv.. tif-\chinr'Lon n #c, (January. 1965 to DoceiuD3 r, lv^/) . HeBb - Kidicjl .Advisory Coooittc, Buro.u of Vocational Roh.bulit.txoo Consultant -'public Haaltb Service. Ospartaont of Health. Education and Welfare. Washington. D.C. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000054 Curriculum Vitas -3George V/.Wright, MD Additional Activities Continued: ' ' ' " Chairman - Scientific Committee, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Quebec Asbestos Mining Association, ' Montreal. Quebec. Canada . , . Consultant - Bureau of Hearings 3nd Appeals, Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Social Security Administration, . Cleveland, Ohio . ' . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000055 Appendix E January 15, 1968 . .... ASBESTOS AND HUMAN HEALTH * . - ' V ... INTRODUCTION ,, . Asbestos, known since antiquity, has wide-spread and important applications . in our modern industrial society. With the 20th century burgeoning of the uses of asbestos has come recognition of the need to cope with occupational hazards associated with excessive inhalation of asbestos dust. This statement summarizes the essential uses of asbestos, the known facts about health problems associated with occupational exposure to asbestos dust, and the research being conducted to identify and reduce these health risks. ... - ' . . . AN ESSENTIAL PRODUCT " Asbestos has many essential functions in construction, in industry and in transportation. Over the years fireproof asbestos has saved thousands of lives and much valuable property. For safety, fire prevention and other reasons, products containing asbestos are used in schools, houses, theaters, ships, office and other public buildings, furnaces, boilers and firefighting equipment. The brakes on auto mobiles, trucks, buses and trains are dependable because asbestos is a major component of brake linings. . . WHAT IS ASBESTOS? ' ' ._ Asbestos (from the Greek' "unquenched") is the name given a family of mineral fibers comprised of three major types -- chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite -- each of which differs from the other; physically and chemically. Studies of the relationship between asbestos and health are complicated by this diversity. .. Chrysotile is a white magnesium silicate, can be attacked by acids, has a positive electrical charge, is flexible and not easily pulverized. Crocidolite is a blue ferrous sodium silicate, is acid-resistant, has a negative electrical charge, and is - less flexible than chrysotile. Amosite is a ferrous magnesium silicate with a negative electrical charge, is brittle and easily pulverized. In the United States, chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite are all used, but .chrysotile is by far the most common, accounting for about 90 per cent of the asbestos consumed in this country. . ' . NO RISK SHOWN FOR GENERAL PUBLIC " In studies of asbestos exposure and human health, research has not shown evidence of any risk to the general public from the use of finished asbestos products. There is no scientific evidence that anyone has ever contracted any disease from exposure to ,~ 'e wearing or weathering of brake linings, floor tile, roofing or other products utaining asbestos _ ....... ....1 ... __ _.. . .. .. .... ____ . . - . `- . ` . . '` * more . . . r CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000056 ' The lungs of workers known to have repeated exposure to the Inhalation of sbestos fiber over a period of months or years contain myriads of small microscopic sized structures composed of a fiber coated with layers of protein and iron pigment. - The fiber within the coating, under the circumstances, is assumed to be asbestos and the small unit therefore is called an "asbestos body." These bodies are found in . the lungs cf those who are occupationally exposed to asbestos fibers, regardless of whether or not there is any coexisting evidence of asbestosis. Therefore, the bodies, as such, are not an indication of disease but rather only of .previous exposure to - ` asbestos fibers. . ' . . ' ' Recently, by utilizing special techniques, it has been shown that the lungs of persons from the general population rather frequently contain a very scant number of s m a l l bodies composed of a fiber coated with protein and iron pigment. In these instances, it cannot be assumed that the fiber of these bodies is "asbestos," since other fibrous materials are knowi to develop a similar appearance within the lungs. For the present, the term "ferruginous" or iron-coated body is more appropriate. similar The finding of ferruginous bodies in such small numbers in no way indicates that disease caused by asbestos fiber coexists and the presence of such bodies does not, in any way, justify a diagnosis of asbestos-caused disease. If it is ultimately shown that these small bodies are in fact protein covered asbestos fibers their wide dispersion in the population would not be too surprising in view of the many opportunities, from baby powder to building construction, for a small number of asbestos fibers to exist from time to time in the air that the general public breathes. The presence of V-hese few fiber bodies in the lungs of the majority of the population is not associated ith specific lung disease but simply reflects the chance inhalation of fibrous material. The complete implications of large numbers of ferruginous bodies within the lungs await . further research. : .. - - KNOWN AND SUSPECTED OCCUPATIONAL RISKS - - For workers who handle asbestos fibers in mines, mills, factories, and some building and insulation trades, the industry shares with doctors, public health officials and others involved in industrial medicine a concern about possible health effects from excessive on-the-job exposure to asbestos"dust. # * ASBESTOSIS: The industry long ago recognized the risk of a particular lung disease called asbestosis among some workers and took steps to safeguard employees. This non malignant disease is brought on after inhalation of excessive concentrations of asbestos .dust over a period of many years. - . ` Asbestosis is one of the lung diseases called pneumoconioses. Others are silicosis, from silica (stone) dust; talcosis from talc; anthracosis, from coal dust. These are considered industrial health risks against which the various industries have . instituted protective measures. - . rCRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000057 For years, Che asbestos industry has taken protective measures to reduce excessive -cposures to asbestos dust and the risk of asbestosis among its workers. . BRONCHOGENIC (Lung) CANCER: the industry is aware of some medical studies that have reported an association between excessive exposure to asbestos dust and an increased risk of a certain type of lung cancer (bronchogenic), Even though the number of these eases among asbestos industry workers is only a small fraction of the total employed, . the industry considers the problem a serious one. It has become the subject of con siderable scientific research through statistical, clinical and pathological studies of exposed workers; through experimental studies with laboratory animals; and through . studies of the physical and chemical nature of asbestos and associated minerals. Recent studies have suggested that the trace metals often found with asbestos dust (nickel, cobalt and chrome) should be examined more'closely. ' . - In 1967, results of a study of deaths occurring among a group of insulation . workers indicated that occupational exposure to asbestos greatly increased the risk of lung cancer but only among cigarette smokers. Although the number of deaths involved was small, the study showed no cases of lung cancer among insulation workers who were non-smokers. MESOTHELIOMA: Also under study is a rare disease called mesothelioma, a tumor of the chest and abdominal cavity which is different from bronchogenic lung cancer. Recently, investigators have associated a frequency of cases of mesothelioma with exposure to asbestos in certain geographic locations. This was originally reported from South African areas where only crocidolite asbestos is produced. Mesothelioma has been reported so infrequently that there are no accurate figures on its occurrence in the U. S. as a Whole. In Britain, only two cases are . currently being reported for every thousand cases of lung cancer. The search*for the cause of such a rare disease is difficult, particularly since medical people themselves do not agree on its diagnosis and recognition. The asbestos industry, through research grants, is seeking more knowledge about mesothelioma. . ' . INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Today, the asbestos industry has invested millions of dollars in equipment and techniques to prevent the inhalation of asbestos dust by workers in the mining and mill ing of asbestos and in the manufacture of asbestos-containing products, Johns-Manvilie continually strives to eliminate dust exposure in the mines and plants which it operates. Processing areas and machinery are equipped with dust-collecting devices. .Atmospheric dust levels are regularly monitored. Filters and ventilators have been installed. Individual respirators are used where indicated. Employees are given physical examinations, including chest x-rays, on a scheduled basis. A program of consultation with asbestos fabricators and applicators is carried on . to provide a thorough understanding of potential risks and to encourage general adherence to sound industrial hygiene practices. - .Studies in asbestos-using industries in England and the U. S. indicate that where '.st control measures have been taken, the risks of lung diseases have been reduced. more . . . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000058 * " * -1V ._ ': i * . f * '.*.'.***!* .- 4...-" . i *j-;'* *.'* *' .v- *** . i % / -*/ r-. V: : ... ^ " V .V - -v V \ ASBESTOS AND HEALTH RESEARCH -- ` . %/ .z; * . * . : 'H-. T : ' * , .. *'-; Scientific research to identify and reduce the health risk from asbestos dust .-posure is being conducted in many places throughout the world. The asbestos industry ^oth sponsors such research `and cooperates in work being done by government agencies '* private medical investigators. . *~ . * Johns-Manvilie has extended full cooperation to the U. S. Public Health Service in . its study of asbestos processing plants. In addition, the company provides funds, asbestos materials, equipment and information, as the individual situation may require, for research of such organizations as: The Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America, The Asbestosis Research Council (headquartered in Great Britain), The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health in Montreal, The Environmental Health Center at Mt. Sinai Hospital and others. Johns-Manvilie also conducts studies on technical aspects of asbestos in its own Research and Engineering Center at Manville, New Jersey. . Among the subjects scientists are now exploring are: the specific identification and health signifance of fiber-like (ferruginous) bodies found in lung tissues; the k ea^th o f asbestos mining, processing and fabricating workers compared with the general population; the relationship between cigarette smoking and cancer among asbestos insulation workers, the accurate identification of particles found in the air over - a major industrial city; and the development and evaluation of the most effective industrial hygiene practices for use in the asbestos industry* In cooperation and in conjunction with other agencies, the asbestos industry will continue to seek new information about the biological effects of asbestos fiber and to develop ways of assuring maximum possible protection from occupational hazards, for -S employees in asbestos mines, mills and plants and among fabricators and applicators this essential material. # # # # CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000059 . _ Appendix F ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPARTMENT j '> ' ' ' PUBLIC RELATIONS PROGRAM , FOR JOHNS-MANVILLE CORPORATION - . * ASBESTOS AND HEALTH______ . * ' , . ------------ -- -- . |j f I. OBJECTIVES * . ' The following are the objectives for the immediate future of the Johns-Manville asbestos and health program:' ' 1. Define the Johns-Manvilie and industry public posture with regard to asbestos and health. * It is assumed that Johns-Manville will undertake th role of industry spokesman in asbestos and health matters. 1 j ! \ i | The public posture will emphasize Johns-Manville's concern over environmental health affecting its employees, customers and users of its products and the general public, and will emphasize the company's concentration on research and utiliza tion of proper safeguards in all of its operations. * * * 2. Equip Johns-Manville officials with materials to disseminate that position when.and if required. 3. Establish machinery and procedures for communicating the story to the media and to other groups important to the program. 4. Seek to keep the discussion on a positive note by stressing Continued .... CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000060 '- - ' . * . * - . . . concern for public welfare and prepare for acute all-out ' emergencies that could occur later on. . : Flexibility must be a' guiding principle in all activities. In health matters such as this, fairly innocuous reports can be easily steamed up into a major crisis. II. DEFINING J-M'S POSTURE . ' . ' The public posture of Johns-Manville is to b e completely outlined in the position paper, the detailed back-up papers on the more | , important subjects, and the releases and comment statements included in an operating kit (see below). These documents will be revised periodically, to reflect new information on the asbestos/health subject. _ . A. WHAT TO SAY 1. The following documents will be prepared, cleared with Legal, Industrial Relations, Research-, Asbestos Fibre Division, Environmental Control, the Medical Consultant and the President and then serve as the basis for J-M comment, reply and testimony on questions relating to asbestos and health: a) A basic position paper, written in a style suitable for college educated audiences. b) Back-up papers on such subjects as mesothelioma, asbestos bodies, asbestosis, etc. continued CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000061 . -3- ' ` . - . . . i ! . ) Reprints or copies of scientific papers, editorials, etc., that are deemed favorable to the asbestos industry.-, ' - ' - d) Brief critiques of scientific papers, books, etc., ` that are unfavorable to the asbestos industry. ' I i 2.These documents will be revisedand added to (and the ' revisions andadditions given the sameclearances as , . . the initial text) when changing circumstances dictate. * * - B . WHO TO SAY IT X. Depending upon the audience, J-M comments that are based solely upon the previously.cleared material described in XIA," above, may be attributed to: j j j ! , j 1| t \ \ , a) The President b) ' The Chairman of the Board, Canadian Johns-Manville c) The Medical Consultant d> The Medical Director e) The Director of Environmental Control f) "Johns-Manville" or "J-M Spokesman" . 2. The J-M comments normally will be relayed by. a) The Medical Consultant or Medical Director - in direct dealings with medical profession and medical journals. . Continued... CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000062 ' b) The Chairman of the Board, C.J-M, in reply to queries concerning Canadian operations. c) The Vice President, Finance or the Controller - to * #.#' '. . ... - '. financial analysts. - 1 d) Industrial Relations or local plant management - to employees, unions, etc. . ' . e) The Legal Department - in all legal actions. . f) The Environmental Control Department - in dealings with regulatory bodies, civic groups, trade associations, etc-. g) Public Relations (directly or via Hill & Knowlton) - to the press and all other audiences not listed above. . 3. So long as they are based solely upon the previously cleared material described in "II-A," above, comments 9S need not be given further clerance at the time they are released. However, in the case of press queries, the individual to whom the comment is being attributed, will be notified promptly that his name has been so used. C. WHEN TO SAY IT 1. Comments to the medical profession, civic groups, financial analysts, etc. would be made in response to query or at the discretion of the individual listed in"II-B," above. . continued CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000063 -5- .. 2. Comments to the press would be made in response to . direct query. Also, at its discretion, the Public Relations Department will contact writers of critical ' or adverse items, columns or editorials on asbestos and health and ask for the right to comment on, rebut . or clarify any inaccurate or unfavorable comments. . In some cases it may not be desirable to press for the right of published rebuttal, but desirable to inform the responsible editor or writer about any inaccuracies contained in the published material. III. OTHER "MAKE READY" STEPS ' A. Clean Up Asbestos Effluent f The highest priority should be given to the- immediate . . i elimination of discharge of asbestos fiber into the ambient air .at J-M plants and mines. -We should be in a position to assure plant community representatives that we are NOT letting asbestos dust get into the air they breathe. B. Clean Up of Asbestos Dust in Plants Among the steps being taken to improve environmental control at J-M plants and mines, the highest priorities should go to eliminating or minimizing asbestos dust exposure. We should be in a position, as soon as possible, to invite press, legislators and community leaders to tour our asbestos . processing facilities and see for themselves that our workers CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000064 , / are not exposed to. potentially or apparently dangerous dust concentrations. **..-' - * - * . C . Conservative Medical Comment ' : . - Efforts, presumably spearheaded by the Medical Consultant, should be made to line up a list of qualified doctors who have generally conservative views concerning asbestos and health (particularly as it relates to alleged danger to the -general public) and who are willing to. state these views to science writers, legislators and others who may be referred to them, by J-M. D. Monitoring All possible efforts should continue, to alert JVM, as soon as possible, to the publication, in medical or lay media, of articles, papers and statements about asbestos and health; to the plans for medical conferences at which this subject will be discussed and to the plans and/or activities of legislative and administrative bodies, in the U. S. and abroad, that relate to asbestos and health. t * i 1. Hill and Knowlton will continue to monitor all pertinent medical and scientific literature and evaluate significant articles and papers. 2. J-M plants, mines and sales office managers will be reminded, periodically, to be alert for asbestos/health continued CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000065 -7- . articles in their local newspapers and to relay this to Public Relations. . . _ \ 3. J-M will continue to employ all major clipping and broadcast monitoring services to search for printed or broadcast mention of asbestos and health. 4. J-M and Hill and Knowlton will continue to exchange significant information with their British contacts. XV. GOVERNMENT HEARINGS/ACTION . . Until and unless government attention toward the asbestos/ health subject becomes intense and widespread, it is contemplat ed that J-M reaction will be primarily defensive in nature, i.e. : 1. Consider contacting officials who mabe public statements or introduce legislation concerning tasbestos/health. Present to them the positive i story contained in our basic position paper, etc. 2. Where appropriate, consider inviting these officials to visit the Research Center and (when it becomes feasible) the Manville Plant. 3 # Be prepared to furnish our basic position material to government agencies investigating asbestos/health, when they approach J-M for comment. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000066 8- 4. Be prepared to testify and produce qualified conservative medical experts at public hearings. When deemed^.legally or tactically necessary. V. COMMUNITY RELATIONS . A. For the time being, the efforts suggested below will apply only to those J-M locations where public attention . actually has been drawn to the asbestbs/health subject. B. Each situation must be handled separately when/if it occurs. We should: 1. Consider contacting public health, environmental control and other officials in the community and presenting our story to them. . 2. Consider inviting some community leaders to tour the local J-M plant (if asbestos dust has been controlled and asbestos effluent eliminated); or to visit the J-M Research Center. t 3. Give full cooperation with local press, as was done in Manville area in September, 1967. VI. FINANCIAL PUBLIC RELATIONS 1. Queries from individual analysts, bankers, etc., should be handled by the Vice President, Finance or the Controller, using the materials listed in "II-A," above. . continued CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000067 -9- 2. Should the asbestos/health subject be covered, in a potentially damaging context, in a publication widely read by the financial community (e.g. FORBES, BARRONS, WALL STREET JOURNAL or newsletter of major brokerage house) consideration should be given to the following steps: , a) A special mailing to analysts of a statement summarizing the J-M position on asbestos/health. 1 . p b) A meeting with building materials analyst in New York, to give them the background on asbestos/health. c) A special mailing to stockholders to summarize the J-M position. . ' VII. INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS A. Periodic reports should be g:iven to the Board of Directors and Senior Officers, on the status of the asbestos/health problem. t B. The basic position statement, when approved, should be distributed to those J-M people who have a ""need to know." These could include general, sales and product managers and salesmen whose "lines" include products containing asbestos; J-M representatives in such trade associations as the Asbestos Textile Institute; managers of asbestos mines and asbestos processing plants (to be used with unions, employees, etc). Record should be kept of the J-M persons CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000068 , -10- .having copies of the position paper, so that they may be kept abreast of additions and changes. None of the above mentioned people are authorized to make statements to the press on this subject, without prior approval by the Advertising and Public Relations Department. C. NEWS/PIC should continue its series of articles describing the health and industrial hygiene facilities and care provided by J-M. .. - ` ` VIII. SEEKING POSITIVE PLATFORMS . A. Efforts should be made to induce conservative-minded doctors, 'especially those who are working on projects partially or V fully supported by J-M, to present the findings of their research at scientific conferences and to embody these findings in articles submitted to scientific journals.. B. Efforts should be made to disseminate such papers and i articles and to add them to the materials listed in II,A, above. IX. INDUSTRY COOPERATION A. When the J-M position papers, etc., are approved, consideration should be given to making copies available to other major factors in the U. S. and British asbestos and asbestos processing industry. . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000069 / -11- B. At an appropriate time, further consideration should be given to the formation of U. S. asbestos trade association that would: ' _ 1. Serve as the public spokesman for the asbestos industry. 2. Help share the cost of industry-sponsored research and public relations activities. . C. Public Relations will assist the EnvironmentalControl Department in preparing "codes of practice" for the various asbestos-using industries. . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000070 NEWARK-STAR LEDGER Sunday September 10, 1967 By RUTH WINTER Its authors are Drs. Maxwell with asbestos but had lived in Borow, Alfred Conston, Law the vicinity of the mines and High incidence of a rare rence L. Livornese and Nor mills and some had left these ' and .incurable cancer has bert Schalet. from the areas of exposure as young v_ been found at Somerset Hos hospital's departments pital, Somerville, four physi surgery and pathology. of children. The average period between exposure and devel cians reported in an article in the Journal of the Ameri Mesothelioma _ is _ a rare opment of the tumor was 20 can Medical Association. malignancy which infiltrates to 40 years. The article links the rare Asbestosis is a lung disease disease, mesolthclioma, with A special section developed by people who in asbestosis, a lung disease developed -By people who in on ccncer starts hale asbestos particles. The Somerset physicians' ! hale asbestos particles. today on Page 33 reported that within a three- It notes that a large asbes- year period.at Somerset Hos- 1 tos manufacturing plant is the .lung cavity or the ab - pital, 17 cases of mesothelio * located within two miles of dominal cavity, spreads ma were found at surgery. the hospital. ' rapidly and is incurable. The . " Two of the patients," they Johns-Manville Co. main first large series of cases said, " had contracted this * tains a large plant in Bound was diagnosed in 1957 at malignancy with only environ Brook. Johannesburg, South Africa. mental exposure consisting of The article appeared in the The majority of these pa tients had not actually .worked .-- (Please turn to Tagc 8) Aug. 21 issue of the journal. /-I Wc l - wA-d '-- *Li CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000071 {Continued from Page One) living In a community adja cent to the asbestos milt." The report also mentioned that lung cancer with asbes t tosis is "high." A check showed It is more than nine times the rate found in other New Jersey hospitals. The Johns-Mansville plant converts t o ' commercial use approximately 75 per cent of all the asbestos fiber mined r in North America.' ;The Somerset physicians said a review of the autopsy material at the hospital; revealed only one other case o f . mesolthelioma which had been misdiagnosed. HARD TO EXPLAIN The doctors found this hard tb explain since the plant had been' in the area more than 60 years. They reasoned that perhaps patients with general to get a grant and to get other researchers interested in pursuing further studies. The incidence of asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma may be much greater than is now recognized." E. H. Fenner, director of Johns-Manville's department of environmental control, said: ' "Mesolthelioma is- con sidered a very rare disease and apparently nobody knows very much about It. Some studies have indicated that this rare tumor may be as sociated with certain types of asbestos, but the great need is to find out more about it. We are cooperating in a num ber of research projects that we hope will provide more knowledge about the prob lem." . Said Dr. Roscoe Handle, state health commissioner: cancer who had not been "This is a subject of con autopsied were misdiagnosed. siderable research with no . However, the physicians firm answers at this time. , state in the JAMA article, "Regardless of whether this reasoning is correct, it is our distinct impression that there has been a definite increase in the incidence of malignan cy within the last few years." Dr. Conston, who is chief of pathology at Somerset, said .In an interview that asbesto- sis has been found in people who have not worked or lived The department's occupation al health program is partici pating in a modest way, with research being conducted at the Madison campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University. But until more is known than at present, I would not want to comment on the article which, up to this moment, I have not read." near an asbestos plant. ."Asbestos is used increas ingly in such products as in sulation, brake - lining and roofing materials. It may be that people are picking up the disease from these products alone," he said. AIR POLLUTION "Some experts," he con tinued, "believe that asbestos alone is not the cause of tnalignancy. That some other factor such as air pollution has to be present. " We want to draw attention to the serious situation," Dr. Conston said. "We are hoping CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000072 19 . | O fs 1 . ; rt ' Appendix H . , SEPTEMBER 21, 1967 -- SOMERSET MESSENGER-GAZETTE^ Called Poser For Medicine I MA.N'VILLE - The asbestos. Industry and Johns-Munvilie in particular came under public' suspicion last week with publi- cation of medical findings sug-` gesting asbestos particles as n causative. factor in malignant * disease. . v | CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000073 Y*<\Gr i r'- -jUready thc borough Council has promised to make a studyj of air pollution at the local, J-M plant, a citizen iro n that| community appeared at Tucs-, day's Freeholder meeting to press for county action, and a caused by particles of the min-i of the workers in asbestos l u n g Disease Middlesex Congressman said he] eral inhaled into the lungs, can mines, mills, and factories and_ be controlled. Once exposure to instituted preventive measures.' is introducing legislation to sett safety standards for asbestos1 the dust stops, progress of the Great strides have been made workers. # l .Called Poser ' Johns-Manville spokesmen say disease is halted. There are to in bringing this occupational day on the J-M payroll workers hazard under control. Today wa who contracted asbestosis years are sponsoring and supporting the plant here is complying with F o r Medicine laws on air and water pollution ago; they are collecting partial Intensified medical research to disability under workmen's extend present knowledge and understanding of other possible and uses all practicable precau tions to protect its workers. (Continued from page one) compensation, and are still able occupational health risks which Subject for Research search for years. But no one to work. : . may be related to asbestos, sn ' But this matter or malignan h a s vet produced-conclusive find- -Jo--h-n--s--M--anville executives, i,n that these, too, may be ccn- diseases is not really so much i question of laws and enforce ings that asbestos, smoking lead ,or any other suspect substance, an "The official industry ^ r n e n t, sal shares with phy trolled so' ute and reduced minimum." to an a '>- ment as it is a subject for re 1really is the cause. sicians, public health officials and others a concern about pos peraorvceh.asAbtesptoressecnatusneos ocnaenccearr, hpeeOarlhftahapllshthtahzeeaqrucdlesosstfeiorsonmstoofbaepsbionesgssitborlese-, suirbeletoheaaslbthesteofsfedcutsst.frTomhe einxpduoss and no one can prove it does I h -e 7 VwhFther' a s b e s"t o sjtry long ago recognized the not 'abraded from brake linings as:risk of asbestosis am ongs In the latest reported findings, ithey are being used can contam-'doctors at Somerset Hospital inate the air with dangerous par- have linked 17 cases of meso tides. thelioma, a very rare form of Johns-Manville is collaborat malignancy occurring in the ing on research in this field, chest and abdominal cavity, ar.d preliminary findings sug with the J-M plant where :uout gest the asbestos is destroyed 3 per cent of North AmuiraV |plant. asbestos products are manufac j Air in the factory is conthu- tured. t |ously monitored to be certain But these findings leave many Iby intense heat generated as questions unanswered. Why dial Ithe brakes are applied. Simu 16 of these cases occur during,'; lated braking systems are op the past three years? Why has, erated by J-M's research staff, It developed in two residents:^ and any dust generated is of the community with no hls- painstakingly collected. This is tory of employment at the mill,, turned over to other teams of and not affected others whose' iresearchers working with the exposure to isbestos is U. S. Public Health Service for greater? And why mesothelioma | further studies. was found here but not in Cana da v/here J-M asbestos ts New F ilers Used mined? . " The fact that asbestos Is a Lung cancer, which is far substance to be handled riih .more common than mesothclio- .are has been recognized .'or SI ' ma, has been the subject or re years. A Johns-Manville spokes ' (Please turn to page 12) man said hardly any J-1I work ers now wear masks for pro tection. Instead a giant ventila tion system filters out the dust. It Is so efficient the same air can be recirculated through the asbestos particles do not exceed t safe limits set by the U. S. Public Health Service, ` and chest x-rays are a routine check-up for every employe. F o r t u n a t e l y , asbestosis, CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000074 *. :**, t: k''.-?. v -V. . I 1r :> $Ts* .> : ; V ;,,,* - w '.* V .jt*.-Appendi*,?.. %v . : v ,v' 't; ** . ' *" ** *.V.' f i ...L./-.' V-` 5 v " > / . ,V * . .. , ; ' ! v '*!'*.*' *`\*r'-, .. r* - '* *!;* . * ,,J.,, ; > m : S ; v ; : r. v :: . h * - ^ Novembor 14, iVf ; V-:^ :' .' A. * k : v..,4*; Robert L. Lawrence, Director : .V > . ? - '.>; .Metro Water Pepartpent *;'Jv^'Vi'A1*'' i i * ' " } . -. ' J ;r .Metropolitan Court ilouso ; ' V . t.* Nashville, Tennessee i . .'.5 . >* v /*C. ;v .VV ; . v-r * >,...`Vi-,- : ' *.n ; i . \ h . -.*? '* v.':*'.,*> Dear Mr. Lawrcnco "* :v :'I I ' y 'My', r * .** . . . * ' ' f _ * ' ' * ' *.* *.! 'v ' * 'I read with great concern the council's reconsmcndation that .`.' Metropolitan Government re-write thoir specifications on wator pipe to allow |. "j asbestos-cement pipe to conpetitivcly bid, I was not aware, nor apparently ;. VV,. fi are runny medical people aware that asbestos containing pipe has been used in . water systems. . . )'. v ;V .' " ; i;. ;'r `v / Asbestos has been fairly well established in medical circles as " . causing a high incidence of cancer, in the lungs if breathed, or in the . ._ ^ .gastrointestinal tract if swallowed even in amounts small enough to he visible 7?. only undor a microscope. , . v * ' '{ vv. .* * v, : j ` : Regardless of wl'.o is using it now, and regardless of any reassurances _r V by the salesmen from asbcstos-ccncnt pipe manufacturers, I would consider it <a : ~ .p medical hazard of significant degree to use such pine in n water system, until /..r." . the U.S. Public Health Seivice had checked it out completely. Without specific \ ' : clearance by the Public Health Service it seems to r.c the burden of common sense v V ' .* .would suggest that it is impossible to work on the pipe or add to it without; v /< releasing particles of asbestos into the water. If any particles were released, \ current medical knowledge suggests that a rise in certain types of cancer could * bo expected in, about 20-50 years among the population. .. -.iT -- .1 * , > " " ' : 4 > ;*' /. . .V. . *- * ;r ";'*,* . ?. " * / '{ ` ` I hove a premonition that such things as water pipe may not have to be cleared with any U.S. Public Health Service agency except those to make sure bacteria cannot penetrate the pipe. If so, there has been a terrihle mistake made in allowing use of asbestos containing pipe in water systems. J* It is my opinion that although it is common practice in many cities, we would be unwise to change our specifications to allow asbestos-cement pipe to compcto in the bidding until the full facts can be ascertained. I intend to pursue this matter with public health officials to see if this pipe has some safety features of construction which mako it non-hazardous. Respectfully, *. ` JDS:jd cc: Joseph V. Bistovish, M.D. James J. La Penna James D. Snell, Jr., M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine r/A CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000075  . ` THE NASHVILLE TENNESSEAN Nashville, Tennessee December 12, 19^7 (pl) Appendix K : ment manufacturers from bid " THERE IS A great up ding on Metro waterpipc pur swing in the use of asbestos fiber, but the incidence of chases. AsbestosPipe, The council committee on cancer has actually fallen purchasing had suggested that off," Wright said. Lawrence allow asbestos-ce Wright said asbestos-cement ment manufacturers to bid bo pipe, consisting of 20% as Cancel TieHit-cause the product is less ex- bestos fiber, has been in 'pensive than the cast iron pipe water systems in some areas By JIM SQUIRES 'now being used. for as long as 30 years. In Staff Correspondent SNELL WROTE that asbes many instances, he s a i d, r NEW YORK -- There is no tos is a knosvn cause of can there is no evidence of wear evidence to support a recent cer a n d can contaminate in these pipes to release as statement by a Nashville doc . drinking water. The physician bestos fiber. ' tor that use of asbestos--ce said he did not believe this " After this many years of ment water pipe might cause fact had been brought to the experience, if these fibers cancer, a noted cancer re attention of the U.S. Public were to be a source of Meso searcher said here yesterday. Health Service. thelioma -- a dramatic tumor Dr. George Wright, chair Wright, an adv'iscr to the -- it would be known," Wright man of The Institute for Oc U.S. Public Health Service, stated. cupational and Environmental said the asbestos-cement pipe "THIS WOULD not escape. Health, said he did not think industry had long been aware This is not a new point of in such a relationship " will ever, of a 'link between certain terest to the industry," he be established." types of asbestos fibers and added. WRIGHT, HEAD of the de lung cancer and with Me sothelioma. a rare malignant Wright said manufacturers of asbestos products were partment of medical research in Internal medicine at St. tumor found on the lung cov ering and the gastrointestinal among the first to discover Luke's Hospital in Cleveland, tract. its possible biological effects and have spent " millions of Ohio, said a letter from Dr. James Snell, an assistant pro He pointed out, however, that asbestosis (a lung tissue dollars" in the field. The doctor said he is pre fessor at Vanderbilt Univer sity school of medicine, sug disease) and lung cancer arc caused only by inhalation of paring a written answer Snell's statement. to gesting such a relationship " apparently arises out of an certain asbestos fibers in large amounts and over long " I don't know Snell or his background in this area." incomplete perspective" of periods of time. Wright said, " but no doctor the problem. MESOTHELIOMA, he said, is knowledgeable in all areas. . Wright spoke to nine Metro has never been linked posi .1 have spent much of my life counciimen here to tour a tively w i t h s w a l l o w e d in this field, and even I am Johns-Manville plant in New ark, N.J., a manufacturer of amounts of asbestos and Is not." . " extremely rare." SNELL WROTE Lawrence asbestos-cement pipe. " Evidence of research indi Nov. 14, stating he would Snell sent a letter last cates that virtually everyone consider the use of asbestos- month to Metro waterworks is exposed to asbestos fibers." cement pipe " a medical haz director Robert L. Lawrence he said. " In fact, it would ap ard of significant degree" un aupporting Lawrence's dcci- pear reasonable to assume til the U.S. Public Health Ser lion to prohibit asbostor-ce- that there is no such tiling vice had checked it out com as not having been exposed. pletely. If mere exposure is a cause, Officials of the Johns-Man- we would ail have it." ville Co., asked about this yes Wright cited widespread use terday, said the Public Health of asbestos fibers in insula Service is among its custo tion, electrical wiring and mers. . stove ovens and toasters. " We have sold them thou sands of feet of pipe," said Jay Baker, product manager. " I feel certain we will sell them much more." T1IE COUNCILMEN a r c scheduled to tour the manu facturing plant and research center today. The company claims its product will save ,,Metro $303,01)0 a year on pipe purchases. . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000076 : NASHVILLE TENNESSEAN Appendix L v I, DECEMBER if. 1967 IS % ilW * w* -- O (Continued From Page One) coHtirilmen recommended yes terday that . waterworks di since a probe by THE NASH . rector Robert L. Lawrence VILLE TENNESSEAN dis ` allow manufacturers of asbcs- closed that a.single cast iron _j , tos-cement pipe to bid on manufacturer has gotten all * Metro pipe purchases. Metro water pipe business in The councilmen urged that | * ' the bans against the firms be the last four years. .' ' dropped after a tour of the THE FIRM, JAMES B. Clow f Newark. N.J., plant of Johns* . Mansville Corp.. a manufac- & Son, was successful low bid turer of the asbestos-cement der. on all pipe contracts, product. : * while its three major competi -IT S A SHAME that a tors were equally successful in .product this good has been the state's other major cities. "kept out of the bidding," said Griffin and LaPenna, after " '.Councilman Frank Griffin. " I viewing quality and durability ,'iee no reason why these tests of the asbestos-cement . manufacturers c a n n o t be given the opportunity to bid pipe, said it is " apparent" lor our business." Metro has been " victimized -' Jam es LaPenna, chairman by a lack of true competition r- of the council purchasing com , mittee. said the tour of the among cast iron pipe com -." Martin Garrett: " Our big Johns-Mansville facility pro- panies." - gest problem is selling it to i duced " overwhelming evi Comparing list prices of Mr. Lawrence. I personally - dence that asbestos-cement asbestos-cement and cast iron think we should let the con * pipe is a quality product and p i p e s , LaPenna estimated tractors buy the pipe and that i widely used throughout the Metro can save $323,009 over both cast iron and asbestos- world." Joining Griffin and LaPenna the next 18 months by allow cement companies be allowed to .try for the business. ' i in. the recommendation were ing asbestos-cement manufac John Driver: " 1 was amazed Councilmen Martin Garrett, turers to bid against cast iron at the strength and quality John Fox, Mansfield Douglas, companies. ' ' , . of this asbestos-cement ma John Driver, Earl Shacklett " I am not saying we should terial, especially after what , and Robert McBride. switch entirely to asbestos- we had heard locally. I think the company should have the # A NINTH councilman mak*ing the trip, Tom Sharp, said cement or that one product is privilege of competitive bid ! -he would make no recommen- superior," he said. " It is my personal feeling the two pro ding. With expenses continu ing to go up, it is advantage . dation concerning the. product pending further investigation. ducts are comparable and all ous to us to save tax money." Sharp said he wanted to learn vendors should be allowed to Mansfield Douglas: "I was as much about the cast iron water pipe now being used by bid." , ... . quite impressed and am con vinced that the pipe is suf Metro as he learned about the LAPENNA SAID councilmen ficient to carry water under asbestos-cement product dur who toured the plant will pre the stress and strain antici ing the two-day visit here. The councilmen toured the sent their findings to the full pated in Metro's system. I see no reaon why these com . facility at the invitation of purchasing committee later panies are not allowed to bid. . Jobns-Manville officials at no this month. The committee Robert McBride: " I feel expense to Metro government. will make recommendations to there are places where as " The firm had previously told the council. . bestos-cement might not work the purchasing committee it Comments from other coun in the local system. At the was being excluded from bid- : " ding because of Lawrence's cilmen concerning asbestos- same time there are places where it will do the job as opposition to the use of asbes- * cement pipe were: good as cast iron and at a tos-cement pipe. John Fox: " I think these ' much l o we r cost. With a The purchasing committee > firms have a good product water-sewer expansion pro * . has been investigating Metro's _ and should be allowed to bid. gram as large as ours, this is p i p e purchasing practices ` * If installed to specifications. a good place for us to save a the nature of the terrain will substantial amount of money." (Turn to Page 13. Coluino 1) ` not matter." _ . ,, U 1. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000077 . Saint Luke's Hospital Jfllm CLmrcL 11311 S h a k e r B o u l e v a r d ' C l e v e l a n d , O h i o 44104 December 20, 1967 Appendix M Mr. F. J. Solon, Jr. . Johns-Manvilie Corporation 22 East Fortieth Street New York, New York 10016 Dear Mr. Solon: You have asked me to submit to you in written form an expression of my opinion with respect to certain questions raised by a letter from Dr. James D. Snell, Jr. addressed to Mr. Robert L. Lawrence of the Metro Water Department in Nashville, Tennessee. If I interpret Dr. Snell's concern correctly, it is based in part on an overinterpretation of incomplete infor mation with respect to the gastrointestinal system plus some generalizations gleaned from the literature regarding respiratory system cancer and asbestos exposure which he is assuming are applicable to the gastrointestinal system He sets forth the reason for his apprehension in his second paragraph of the letter dated November 14, 1967. My response to these follows. While it is generally accepted by those who have looked into the matter that there is a relationship between the inhalation of "asbestos" fiber and the frequency of occur rence of bronchogenic lung cancer, in the population occu pationally exposed to the fiber the precise mechanism whereby this relationship is mediated is certainly still moot. The fact that such a relationship seemed to hold m Great Britain as shown by Merriweather in 1955 but did not appear to hold in a pure chrysotile exposure as shown by Truhan and Braun some years later made it apparent that one could not use the word asbestos in a generic way but would have to take sufficient care to know what kind of asbestos might be implicated. At the present moment crocidolite seems to be the form of fiber most strongly implicated. Further information concerning the mechanism of the relationship was presented by Selikoff and Hammond at the American Medical Association Meeting in Atlantic City in June of 1967. They demonstrated that in their careful j i , CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000078 -2- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 prospective study of a group of insulation workers all of their cases of lung cancer developed in men who were moderate to heavy cigarette smokers and not a single case has developed thus far in a non-smoker. This data strongly suggests that the role of asbestos fiber is as a co-carcinogen and not a carcinogen in its own right. Dr. Snell infers that asbestos causes a high incidence of cancer in the lung but it should be pointed out that this relationship even when taken together with cigarette smoking seems to pertain most strongly to insulation workers and there is no supporting evidence to indicate that such a high incidence occurs in all of the other form of occupational exposure. The fre quency from the textile mills of Great Britain does not appear to be as high as in the insulation workers reported by Selikoff. The frequency as reported by Enterline more recently in the building products, friction materials, and the U.S.A. textile plants appears to be lower than in the insulation workers thus far reported. I cite this because it seems to me unwarranted to make the inference that asbes tos fiber in and of itself causes a high incidence of cancer in the lung and from this make the inference that it is a strong carcinogen and must therefore in very small amounts do the same thing to the gastrointestinal system if swallowed. To summarize this part; in my opinion the current evidence does support the contention that in occupational exposures to asbestos fiber there is a higher incidence of bronchogenic cancer than in non-occupational exposures; the fiber acts as a co-carcinogen; there is no reliable evidence at this time that asbestos by itself acts as an agent to cause broncho genic cancer; the most likely offending form of fiber is crocidolite; and most importantly, the effect appears to be dose related as well as related to a long latent period between the onset of exposure and the development of the neoplasm. I believe it important to indicate that knowledge of what happens in the lung per se can be transferred to what might happen in the gastrointestinal tract only with the greatest caution, if indeed it can be extrapolated at all to any other organ system. In the second paragraph Dr. Snell also indicates his belief that there is a high incidence of cancer in the gastro intestinal tract as a result of swallowing asbestos fiber. I have difficulty in knowing what he means by the statement even in amounts small enough to be visible only under a microscope." Fibers small enough to remain airborne and be CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000079 -3- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 inhaled or ingested are of necessity visible only under a microscope because they are the order of 40 or less microns in length and less than 5 microns in diameter. As to total amounts swallowed over a period of years I don t know what the microscope would do in the way of playing a role in estimating this. Be that as it may, one wonders what evi dence he is quoting to indicate a proven high incidence of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract in persons occupationally exposed to fiber. Most likely he is referring to a paper forming part of the symposium on "biological**?** o f . asbestos" held in October of 1964 and published at the end of 1965. This paper by Hammond, Selikoff and Churg indi cated a frequency of cancer of the stomach, small intestine and colon about three times as high as the expected whereas even at that date they were quite careful to indicate that the primary source of their information was not entirely reliable since they say and I quote, "taken at face value it would appear that asbestos workers have an abnormally high risk of dying of gastrointestinal cancer. However, we will refrain from drawing conclusions on this matter at the present time." It is of importance that in their most recent paper concerning this general subject and referred to in this letter previously as having been presented at the American Medical Association Meeting in June,1967 they con tinued to be just as cautious. They again report that the observed rate of cancer of the stomach, colon, and rectum in their groups under intensive study was three times the expected but they state and I quote, "Although this bears out our earlier findings, the number of deaths from these causes was so small that we still refrain from drawing any conclusions at this time." Certainly Be. .Snell's aPPr ^ " sions nurtured by his belief that a high incidence of gastro intestinal cancer has been proven to occur as a result of the ingestion of asbestos fibers would seem unwarranted. Since the relationship to bronchogenic cancer appears to be rather clearly a dose related one and the same is true i o r a l i t a o L carcinogens, I would think that if any associ ation between asbestos fiber and gastrointestinal cancer exists it should be dose related. The insulation workers S a t aie constantly under study by Selikoff et . 1 are obviously a quite heavily exposed group. According to various reports emanating from that laboratory as much as 25 per cent of the population under study has asbestosis and this means a heavy exposure. It can be accepted that a very large per cent of CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000080 -4- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 the fibers deposited in the tracheo-bronchial tree of such workers is brought back up and some of this must of necessity be swallowed. In addition, some fiber deposited in the oral and nasal cavities will ultimately find its way into the intestinal tract. I would reason from this, therefore, that in the insulation workers the gastrointestinal exposure to fiber would be high and therefore if there was a strong relationship of fiber ingestion to gastrointestinal cancer it should not be difficult to demonstrate it. There are some other data in humans bearing on this. Enterline has recently published a study of the death cer tificates of a large number of workers who manufacture building materials, friction products and textiles utilizing asbestos fiber. He compared the causes of death m these workers to those of a cotton textile processing group. Looking at these data one sees no relationship suggesting an inordinately high frequency of gastrointestinal cancer even when one takes into consideration the factor of dilution caused by including rather large numbers of fairly young and short-term exposed people- Taking all things into consider ation I do not believe there is substantial evidence at this time to support the contention that even the highest intensity of exposures that we know of in industry lead to clear cut increased frequency of gastrointestinal cancer. There is abundant animal experimentation along these lines. There have been large scale animal experiments studying the effects of asbestos fibers of various kinds and sizes on the pulmonary systems by exposing the animals to airborne fiber. In many of these experiments the inten sity of exposure and duration was well over two years and sufficient to produce well developed pulmonary fibrosis. Such studies carried out in Saranac Lake were to my own knowledge always characterized by careful gross examination of the entire body of these animals and this included the intra-abdominal contents. Since receiving information con cerning the apprehensions of Dr. Snell I have checked on this matter with the Saranac Lake group and in addition with Dr. Forde Mclver at the University of South Carolina. Utilizing all manner of animals including dogs and with obser vations going up to two and more years i the.mouse and on to four or more years in the dog none of the investigators involved in these studies has ever seen anything whatsoever to suggest a relationship between fiber exposure and gastro intestinal or liver cancer in the exposed animals. In ract, CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000081 -5- F. J. Solon, Jr< December 20, 1967 to their best knowledge, they have never seen a tumor of the gastrointestinal tract in these experimental anxmals. I cite this data because such animals do not cough and spit and o? necessity swallow the fibers that are brought back u d from the lungs. In addition, the food, especially of the small animals is covered by the settled-out a?be^ s fibers in the experimental chambers. These experiments are as a rule conducted with exposures for six to eight hours a day five days a week and the food in general is simply added'to that which is already in the f<e:dxng "j * fresh vegetables are fed, they are placed in the cages in the morning and cleaned out only with the general ^ anXng of the cages the next day. I would estimate that the ingested fiber in these experimental animalsbievations were that of workers in industry. In mice, the obsr^ 15 _pcent carried out over the lifetime of the animal and for 75 percent or more the expected lifetime in most of the other Although it is difficult to extrapolate from animalsto roan* the total lack of any evidence whatsoever that in the exper imental3 animal the ingestion of asbestos fiber causes any sort of malignancy in the intestinal tract would seem to be important. In fact, it is this total lack of finding of tumors in the gastrointestinal tract in up a experiment that has obviated the necessity of setting UP a fu?l-fledged feeding type of experiment. Iunderstand that one or two investigators are embarking on this kind of study at the present time, although I personally do not see the need for it. It seems to roe, therefore, that Dr. Snell's apprehen sions are based on an erroneous impression that a high inci dence of gastrointestinal cancer has been proven to exist in persons occupationally exposed. There is evidence t such a relationship does not exist. This is both with respect to humans and experimental animals. In this conte T think it should be re-emphasized that the intensity of e r a s u r e in of the circumstances alluded to is far higher than one could conceivably expect in the drinking of water from asbestos cement pipe. A third type of neoplasm has been implicated recently with the inhalation and consequent ingestion of asbestos fiber. Although Dr. Snell did not mention mesothelioma I pre.ue he nay have had this tunor in mind Iso. from the lining of the pleura space '^ "bdominal cavity or peritoneum. In 1960 Dr. Wagner and his co-workers, at CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000082 -6- F. J. Solon, Jr December 20, 1967 that time working in a hospital that serviced a rather dis persed population, noted an unusual frequency of occurrence of mesothelioma in the patients admitted to their hospital. In the general population, as will be indicated later, this tumor is one of the exceedingly rare ones and hence the occurrence of only a few cases in a single hospital within a short period of time was rather dramatic and required further investigation. Wagner and his co-workers learned that a factor common to all of their cases was either a history of having worked for a long period of time in the production of asbestos fiber or having had rather intimate contact with it over many years. The non-industrial con being a strong one in that such individuals had picked sh fiber from the tailings heap, had walked or ridden on roads constructed of asbestos-bearing rock, or had washed the clothes of asbestos workers in the mines and mills freque y over many years. Subsequent investigations in the South African asbestos producing regions indicates quite clearly that this unusual frequency of mesothelioma occurred only in those areas producing crocidolite and the chrysotile producing areas failed to show this unusual frequency of mesothelioma. It was of some interest, too, that noJ* crocidolite producing areas showed a high frequency of meso thelioma. Subsequent to this disclosure, an unusual frequency of mesothelioma has been unearthed in Great Britain where at the present time I am told a total of 276 cases of mes ' thelioma in the entire British Isles have been located. I do not know over how many years this series of cases wer accumulated. Even at this number it continues to be a r e tumor. Retrospective exploration of the life experience in these identified cases of mesothelioma h a 5 fide exposure to the inhalation of asbestos fiber such a ploSn? in the asbestos textile industry, the unloading of fiber at the docks or handling of the fiber en route to the mills etc., in a majority of the cases. In some i^tance direct employment in such a way has not been demonstrated but a greater than casual contact with fiber has been disclosed such as living in the immediate neighborhood of industrial operations known to disperse fiber into the general environ ment or washing of clothes of a member of the family employed in the asbestos industry. In the few remaining cases in the light of the great difficulty of disclosing asbestos fiber exposure by retrospective methods involving questioning of relatives etc. it is highly probable that an actual greate ?ian s a ? outuci with fiber did occur in all. Hcre r.c.ntiy, f a greater than ancitipated frequency of occurrence of meso thelioma has been disclosed in insulation workers and there CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000083 -7- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 is some evidence rather strongly suggesting the same is truein at least some of the asbestos textile employees of the U.S.A. In all of these exposures, crocidolite is again to be found. As was true in the chrysotxle exposures of South Africa a study of similar asbestos exposures in the milling if this type of fiber in the Canadian pro duction area has failed to disclosed any unusual frequency of misothelioma. A careful study of the Finnish population exposed t o anthopholite also has failed to disclose a sxngle case of mesothelioma. In addition to a strong suggestion that crocidolite is the aaent implicated in some way with the occurrence of mesothelioma there is evidence to suggest that this likewise is dose related. In all of those situations where the exposure can be relatively well documented, the occur rence of mesothelioma has been in persons not only exposed to crocidolite, but also the exposure has been greater *han casual even though this tumor apparently has occurred rv the absence of sufficient exposure to cause actual Pl"nary asbestosis. It would appear that the total e*Pa^ y be somewhat less than that needed to relate strongly to bronchogenic carcinoma, nevertheless the exposure is still one much great than casual. By casual exposure I mean the kind of exposure which might occur in persons not w o r S n g or living daily in contact with ; ^ ^ ous of asbestos fiber dissemination. The finding of ferrug bodies in the majority of the adult p o p u l a t i o n whose lungs come to necropsy examinations suggests rather strongly th entire population of the civilized world has some--though casual--exposure to the inhalation of fibers amongst which one can reasonably assume asbestos should be incited. T e finding of these fibers in the lungs indicates that such fibers9most assuredly have been swallowed and hence enter the aastrointestinal tract in some as yet unknown numbers. . In spite of this probable uniform type of casual exposure io asbestos fiber Selikoff, Churg and Hammond report in the New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 272 page in i q a s that of the 31 652 persons who were known to have died^between ?he ages of 30Pand 89 years and ,,ho Of a follow-up of 1 048,183 persons only three had died of mesothelioma of the'pleura and none of mesothelioma of the peritoneum. In the light of what we P TM - ^ 6 5 2 ^persons assumed that 50 per cent or more of these 31.652 PeJ* who died must have had at least enough exposure * CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000084 -8- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 of which were doubtless asbestos, to cause ferruginous bodies. It can be further assumed that some unknown quan tities* of asbestos fiber were ingested during their entire lifetime beginning with the application of body dusting powder. 'Since only three subsequently developed ^sothelio it is clear that some quantity of asbestos fiber ingestion is well tolerated, even for life. There is further evidence along this line which will be p r e n d next spring by Dr. William E. Sith and hrs co-workers. Pleural mesotheliomata have been produced by the S e c t i o n of asbestos fiber and other """-asbestos materials in the pleural space of experimental animals. Smith's qroup have shown that a progressive attenuation o? S e amoun? of asbestos fiber placed in the pleura leads to the development of fewer and fewer mesotheliomata and at the one milligram dose no mesotheliomata developed. With this background of information, what can be said in a " ecffashion about f a c t u a l P - b l e m - h r c h ^ r a ^ s e ^ ^ S - t S S . ; S T olTcln!i n q S r e einto the evidence that V c t n c fibers are released from asbestos cement pipe. SoPfi^r:."ioiVo"uid"kno' better than I as to the possibilities that repair of pipe might at the time release some Jibe" reieasrniS0ited:deoccuih:ouiS1beanyt^ng otSr than a r ik t o f S S V i . is / s s TM l d be economically unwise to use .^ h pipe under such circumstances. With information " ' n i n g the volu water transiting the system, the area of the in sible of the pipe and the rate of weathering it s h o u l d ^ b e ^ ^ has not developed with an unusual frequency. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000085 -9- F. J. Solon, Jr- December 20, 1967 Even more meaningful ttoo rmoee iiss the fact sSTr5rS io have^ver looked9 a^fsequent* occurrence of that this as.be,,s1t+os+v__ exceedingly rare tumor# In this connection some data are available ijVregard to cancer of the digestive organs which include the gastro + + r e r t . Data from the National Office of Vital Statistics of the U# S# Public Health Service indicates f r o m 1947 to 1966 the rate of occurrence of tumor of I l l s body system has dropped from 5 5 - 2 per hundred thousand be expected to have led to an increase in tumor rather t the observed decrease. For the U.S.A. as a whole and from the same statis tical source cancer of the digestive organs is reported ii 1064 to have been responsible for 5.1 per cent of all i ~ f r .ancer - digestive organs^ l i l She" asbestos dement iPe has been utilized^in the water system for twenty-five or more years a California; hubbock1 Texas'-"andeNewSOrleans"1Louisiana , the per ient is Lubbock.Texas, ana "" * , providence, Rhodetisiaid9 .ndTiami, Florida', it is slightly above the average namely 5.7 per cent. ESir among the population." I b l L r m ^ a i hk n ^ d g e ^ g t f S he is2 s hiS inferX ^opment CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000086 F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 following the release of a few or some determined number of particles into a water system. All of the information that I and others have strongly indicates that the relationship between neoplasia and asbestos fibers is a dose related one and to believe that a single fiber can cause a cancer seems incredible. The medical literature contains ample evidence that- the kind of exposure to fiber experienced by those using the fiber in an occupational way is manyfold that of the general population. In the lungs received from persons with several years or more of continous indus trial exposure to asbestos fiber the number of ferruginous bodies can only be described by the word "myriads"^whereas in the casually exposed lungs it is.necessary to digest large parts of the lung or squeeze the juice from large volumes of lung in order to find one or two such ferruginous bodies. In those instances where bronchogenic cancer or mesothelioma appear to occur with greater frequency on a population basis, the number of ferruginous bodies also appears to be much larger than in those casually exposed. I do not believe that Dr. Snell can offer any substantial scientific evidence to indicate that the ingestion of one or a hundred or a thousand asbestos fibers on one or more instances is causally related to the development of mesothe lioma. Most assuredly so few fibers cannot be related to gastrointestinal cancer, which appears to be his major worry, since in individuals known to be exposed far more heavily ^ daily over a period of many years there is no acceptable evi dence of a higher than anticipated frequency of cancer of this system. If Dr. Snell does have such evidence, we and others would welcome knowing about it. With best wishes. GWWrkal f ( CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000087 EDWARD J / P A T T W S ^ J (Pi) ENVIRONMENTAL H E A L T H : ' ------ ^,,,,m en tal health programs^ Just * -- ssssti s v ^ssr r r ^ deC" l ; T acridlnUamh ^ * y 'atmosphere U he la to consUtOy ssriissri ^-- `*edworker9- national Product. Industry add , 10 billion to the Gross w proportions. As new Wthln this fr ^ e w o r t . f ' and beneficial uses taking the same wonder product pounds, new data is often with danger and disease. considered the "twentieth :CV *>*** been ^ ' r S' o v 3*000 u s a7e toown for asbestos juui > -ury wonder m aterial. Over r ^T lnnually by over 1 million workers. , l e T S c o L n i s t i b l e . nonconducting . curtains, brake linings), are all part of the annual domestic consumption. c cxaTtSTICSARE GRIM ----------an o th er * - r e s u lt o f c a n c e r of the lung# ' 8 torn. t" led . Surgeon-Gen die- 1'B 5 s s . ,si,s s ^p._a_i_n_(D-15 Di*t.-NJ)._ right- .* ^ s ^ j s - n s . w r ? - -- - * -- " M "sp"` jjsss h,, _ ^ .. *. -- -- - * -- - v': . If an asbestos worker also sm o .es, m If a-,, bewere a non-smoker. cT t o " T b .'? p o '." tu i m u * " " ' d A Public Health c Service f(PPHHSS)) su rvey) iS of 30 # p ''"r _ . . - Hlaaaae - - -*-r "l which Is also meaningful to ' " P P" 1' ,, . ,, a i ,, t of a . t -- y e a r s ago le d to the adop e which h as been under atta ^ ,,^ a fe ^ irb itrary. a rd s Qr , stabU sh new r " - *.-- ~ s r s `.s t*-- i-*u i S si= =SS =s= 's-- s . ^ d s s s s ; - -- --'" 7 , ,, , y ,, ^ of Occupational Health i c D.ri.nM.o.nu_rtrlat_cy jroCb. BrowHmj.--m - that t l r ^ t i o n e u condnuc^to nc^ ^ h"hoohilud.ItsTMKp"o,--sitw--ionconLrol. w, of the manu trw authority to I n s u r By giving HEV direction would see-signsificrant pro^gr* ..U CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000088 Appendix o , LOS ANGELES TIMES L os A n geles, C a lifo rn ia A u g u st 1 5 , 1967 IT MAY BE HEALTH HAZARD New Theory About Asbestos . * *. BY HARRY NELSON Tim MtdlcAi Idilw Evidence is accumulating that Apparently It reacts forever while asbestos, an almost indestructible In the lungs. This belief is based on mineral with thousands of commer evidence that the capsule that coats cial uses, may be becoming an the foreign material eventually dis increasing public health hazard. integrates, releasing the fiber which It's been known for a long time then 6tarts the disease process over that asbestos workers are prone to again. ' . certain lung diseases caused by The radiologists studied 47 pa breathing the fibrous material. But tients with lung cancer believed now there are signs that asbestos resulting from asbestosis. One of may affect people not directly them had had only a six-month involved with mining or using it. exposure to asbestos but the rest While the evidence implicating had had exposures of 15 to 25 years. nonworkers is still skimpy, it's strong enough for the authors of two Asbestos Has 3,000 Uses . recent medical journal articles to Asbestos fibers are capable of say that the disease may be a public subdividing almost endlessly. Ap health hazard. parently this happens in the lungs Signs of asbestosis, the lung also. It is suspected of causing or disease resulting from inhalation of enhancing lung cancer, mesothelio asbestos fibers, have been found in ma or cancer of the pleura or persons who live near factories peritoneum and, some think, tuber where asbestos is used, in random culosis. ' autopsies in Montreal, Pittsburgh, Asbestos has more than 3,000 Miami, Capetown and London and specific uses attributable to its in animals that live near asbestos unusual qualities. It is incombustib mines. le, nonconducting and chemically resistant. More than 100 American Articles by Radiologists companies use it to make textiles, Both of the most recent medical t f l e , c e m e n t products, friction reports are by radiologists. One' materials, paper, paint and plastics. report is from Philadelphia and the The second medical report is in tjie other from New Jersey. The latter journal Radiology. Drs. Irwin M. article, by Dr. Nicholas G. Demy and Freundlich and Roy H. Greening of Df. Howard Adler of Somerset J e f f e r s o n Medical Center, Phi Hospital, Somerville, N J., appears ladelphia, examined 187 asbestos in the American Journal 'of Roent workers. They found that 56 genology, Radium Therapy and "showed some pulmonary change Nuclear Medicine. which could be ascribed to the The doctors discount a theory that inhalation of asbestos dust." asbestos eventually disappears from The changes visible on X-ray films the lungs. Instead, they believe it is included thickening of the walls of fragmented into submicroscopic par the lung cavity, calcified plaques or ticles, each of which adds to the patches, fibrous tissues and other disease process. signs. * Nothing in the whole realm or There has been speculation by. tumor study compares with the way some researchers that even very asbestosis is caused, they said. While small amounts of asbestos in the in the body the asbestos does not lungs, such as might be present in wash away, undergoes no chemical the lungs of some urban dwellers, alteration or change in physical may enhance the effect of tobacco in c state and it does not become soluble. causing lung cancer. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000089 g :- THE WASHINGTON POST . Washington, D.C. December 25, 19^7 (P*l) " Appendix' P n' -1r.. ., Rare, Faial Cancer Is # CP I : Among Those Handling Asbestos By Thomas O'Toole in the United States, more lioma. Even today, doctors . . Waihlnzton Post S tiff Writer than half of whom did not have trouble spotting it -- A fatal cancer of the chest begin working with asbestos whether they're trying to and abdominal cavities Is until 10 years ago. diagnose it in a person still ctiroonp'ps inagsbeusptosamwoonrkgertsh. e Na peIrnsontesrminvs oolvfedth, ethneuamppbaerrenoft See ASBESTOS, A5, CoL 1 So rare that 20 years ago it asbestos peril may be even, wasn't even in the medical greater than that posed by textbooks, the cancer is called uranium mines. Last May mesothelioma, and seems al- L" abor Secretary W. Willard most peculiar to people ex IVirtz established the first posed to asbestos. Federal radiation limits for But oddly, those stricken underground. uranium mines with the deadly disease in following disclosure that an clude a nurse whose father estimated 115 men had died; worked in an asbestos plant from lung cancer in a mining' and a man who handled as population never higher than1 bestos for no more than a 5600. i month while he insulated the Mesothelioma was first spot plumbing in his own house. lighted in 1960, when a South Any attention the disease'African doctor found 32 cases gets might come none too among the people living and soon. More than 1 million to n s working in the Cape of Good of asbestos is consumed annu-,Hope asbestos fields. The ally these days in the United same doctor turned up 57 States', with more than 3000(more cases in the next two separate uses being reported,years, for the fiber. There are atj Nobody knows how many least 100,000 asbestos workers Americans have had mespthe- CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000090 THE WASHINGTON POST (Cont'd) alive or .pin it down at with two sons who worked as in the lungs, where they form autopsy. . asbestos insulators in a ship gummy deposits. This explains But in three separate stud yard. how asbestosis gets started, ies in the last three years, doc Of 10 deaths that seemed and perhaps even lung cancer. tors have turned up 71 cases. to have only a "questionable" One theory is that the gummy Oddly, 11 of them appeared to connection with asbestos ex substance that builds up have had no real exposure to posures, two turned out to be around the asbestos fiber asbestos. But the other 60 almost bizarre. One was a lodged in the lung can cause either worked with asbestos, Swiss checsemaker, who work cancer elsewhere in the body. lived with people who did or ed almost his entire life But how does it do it? Nobody lived in neighborhoods where around a large boiler cov knows. the air was heavily laden with ered with asbestos insulation Because it is such a new and asbestos dust. that flaked off at the touch. little u n d e r s t o o d disease, The first American study Another was a worker in a mesothelioma is also creating was one run in 1964 by Dr. brewery, where beer is fil some serious social and Irving J. Selikoff of New tered through pulp filters economic problems. York's Mount Sinai Hospital. made essentially of - cotton No state lists the disease in Tracing the lives of 632 New fiber and asbestos. . its workmen compensation York area members of the The most convincing study laws, so nobody afflicted with Asbestos Workers Union who is the most recent one--con it can be paid damages for his were on the union rolls before ducted by a team of doctors affliction. Even now, the first Jan. 1,1943, Dr. Selikoff found Working out of Middlesex test cases are in the courts, that 255 of,them had died by General H o s p i t a l , in New where they may conceivably Jan . 1, 1963. Brunswick, N.J., a few miles stay for the next 5 to 10 years. Some of what he found did from the' Nation's largest as The fact that nobody knows not surprise him. For example, bestos plant, one that employs how much exposure to asbes 12 of tosis, the 255 died of asbes- 5000 a long-known hut de In workers. the past three years, no tos can bring on the disease has created controversy, too. creasingly fatal (due to anti fewer than 19 cases of meso- Most laws stipulate that as-] biotics) disease brought on bylthelioma passed through Mid bestos workers be in an en years dust. of breathing in asbestos -dlcsex General. Only two the 19 were not workers of at vironment where there is no more than five million par But Dr. Selikoff also found that 45 of the men had died the one nearby a woman asbestos plant, who apparently ticles of asbestos dust per one of lung cancer, a rate 6.6 times inhaled dering asbestos dust in her husband's laun cubic foot of air--a regulation work that many in the abestos in higher than mal adult that male in the nor population. clothes, the second a spin-jdustry fought years to get ap- Even more surprising, he ster who lived one block proved. innnrf `five" derths~"due ' fr o m the plant. | But with mesothelioma, the mesothelioma I A relatively "new" disease,,disease might be brought on: Dr Selikoff then launched 'mesothelioma is also one of iby exposure to as little as one-] a foUowon studv of 307 con-lthe most difficult diseases to tenth or one-hundredth that secutive deaths among ashes-j confront modern medicine. limit. tos i n s u l a t i o n workers to Despite obstacles like these,! throughout the whole N orth-` a t . Middlesex General s Dr. research has begun in a hand-1 east. Again, to his surprise, he Maxwell Borow says that even turned up 10 deaths due to `h m st potent anticancer mesothelioma. drugs have no effect on i t About the same time, the About ments all that radiation treat do, he says, is remove Pennsylvania State Depart some of the fluid that builds ment of Health began a blind up in the lungs from the dis study lioma to find might be how mesothe affecting the ease. more than 5000 asbestos work "The disease is fatal," Dr. Borow 100 per cent states, " and er_s scat_tered about the .state. usuallv takes less than a year The Department sent ques-:after diagnosis to run its tionnaircs to 162 hospitals in |course'> the southeastern part of th e( Nobody knows why it attacks state, asking the hospitals to j some asbestos workers and not ] report all mesotheliomas diag-iQ^ers. qj. why some victims of nosed between 195G and 1983. the disease get it after an ap- Back came 42 documented.parcntly mild exposure to ascases of the disease, only 11 of, bestos. The University of Mich-j which could not be traced to igan School of Medicine cites: asbestos exposure. j0ne case of a man who was ex-, Ten victims of the disease'posed to asbestos for about a ; turned out to be men who month while he insulated h is; worked in asbestos plants. Ihouse. Six years later, he tvas Eight were people who lived'dead of mesothelioma, near asbestos plants most o f[ Even the nature of the their lives. Three were mem- disease is little understood, bers of families who had one While it is generally known or more asbestos worker mem-| that the disease attacks the bers--a 3-year-old girl whose lining of the chest and ahdo-- father was an asbestos en-!mcn, nobody knows how it] gincer, a nurse wliusc father gets there, had worked for 35 years in an When asbestos dust is in-: asbestos plant and a woman haled, the fibers get trapped CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000091 THE WASHINGTON POST (cont'd) A worker operates a braider in a Canadian asbestos insulation plant. ful of places to find out more to the disease. He's doing it jrelate to an earlier time !about the ailment. Mount with a $3500 grant from the Iperiod," states Dr. W. D. Nor- Sinai's Dr. Selikoff is now con Papermakers Union, which wood, of Richland, Wash., stantly monitoring the 1500 represents ers in the the asbestos New Jersey work- " the health problem in the plant future may be very extensive members of the Asbestos Dr. Borow studied. # .and serious." Workers Union in metropoliI ft wasn't easy getting the Indeed, it may be true, as tan New York. The PhiladelImoney Dr Borow went to 40 'many doctors think, that it phia local of the same union (Organisations before he got it takes 20 years of exposure to has started a similiar program I--including the American Can-,asbestos to bring on most with Halincman Hospital to cer Society and the Public cases of the disease. If this uncover more information. Health Service. \is so, says Dr. Norwood, "large Middlesex General's Dr. I Some doctors think the numbers of malignancies are Borow says that he Is in the mesothelioma problem is justjbeginning to occur and will process of setting up a travel (beginning. " Since the malig- substantially^ increase in the ing exhibit to bring attention (nancies now being recognized,ncar future." f CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000092 Appendix Q \ P High Rate of Cancer Noted Among Smokers In Asbestos Industry - * f* *t ; ' Combination of Asbestos Dust, . Ciffarets Poses Great Risk Of Lung Cancer, Study Shows , By W all Street J ournal Staff Reporter ATLANTIC CITY -- Asbestos workers who moke cigarets have a ninetyfold greater risk of dying of lung cancer than persons who nei ther smoke nor work around asbestos, three New York medical researchers said. The extremely high risk of lung cancer among persons exposed to the combination of asbestos dust and cigaret smoke was uncov ered in a study of 370 members of the Newark, N .J., and New York locals of the International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers union. The men are primar ily involved in installing asbestos insulation in construction work. The workers were exposed to a greater amount of asbestos dust than the general popu lation, and all had been occupationally exposed to it for at least 20 years. But, the researchers added that the general population, particularly in big-city areas, is exposed to a slight amount of such particles. As a result, they said, it is important to determine whether cigaret smok ing mikes this light exposure more hazardous than it would be otherwise. In a report to the scientific session of the American Medical Association's annual con vention here, the researchers said there were 94 deaths among the insulation workers during a 52-month period. This, they calculated, was 46 more than would have been expected among a similar group of men who hadn't been chroni cally exposed to asbestos. ' Most of the men who died--78--were cigaret smokers. And among the smokers, 24 died of lung cancer. No lung-cancer deaths occurred among those who didn't smoke. Twenty-four lung-cancer deaths was an ex tremely high rate, the researchers calculated. Among a similar group of smokers who hadn't been exposed to asbestos, statisticians would expect only about three deaths from lung can cer, they said. " If they had neither smoked nor been ex posed to asbestos dust," they said, the ex pected number of lung-cancer deaths would have been one or none during the 52-month pe riod. "All people incur a great increase in risk of lung cancer if they smoke dgarets; for asbes tos workers the increase in risk is tremen dous," they said. The {searchers noted that microscopic asbestos fibers, once inhaled, re main permanently in the lung tissues. As a re sult, "Asbestos workers who don't smoke cigarets should never begin. Those who do smoke should stop immediately." The study was made by Dr. Irving J . Sellkoff and Dr. Jacob Churg of Mt. Sinai School of Medicine and by E. Cuyler Hammond Of the American Cancer Society. ' . B y MARK BLOOM . Science Editor o f T he S e n s . Atlantic City, June 19--Smoking and think ing took it on the chin today at the American Medical Association's annual convention. But sex, as long as it is accompanied by the pill, was given a clean bill of health. Sm ok in g w as pinned to an abnorm ally high lung c a n c e r d e a th r a te a im in g a s b e s t o s w o ik e r s in a stu d y -conducted b y M ount S in a i H o sp ita l in N e w Y o rk C ity m l the A m erican Cancer Society, supported by the H ealth R esearch Council o f New Y ork. A ccording to a team headed by Dr. Irvin g V. S elik off o f Mount S in a i, the stu d y show ed th a t o f 2K" w o rk e rs who hud h istory o f sm oking, 24 o f them died, o f lung can ce r w :thin e 52-ntonth f- rind. D urin g the sam e - period, 87 w orkers who had never arnuked reguiurly II escaped lung cancer. * A sbestos dust has long been suspected to be a fa c t o r in c a n ce r, a s h a s n o rm al a ir p ollu tion . B u t the study indicateil-- while not proving conclusively-- that the dust may m erely be a trig g erin g agen t to r cancer p ro d u cin g a g e n t in c ig a r e t s . " Th is finding doesn't prove that exp osu re to a sb esto s d u st has no influence on the rik o f lung can cer am ong nonsm okers," Selik off said. " However, it su g g ests that exp osu re tp asb e sto s d u st does not lead to an extrem ely high risk o f lung cancer am on g nonsm okers." DAILY NEWS. TUESDAY, JUNE 20.19G7 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000093 V - Appendix R I CHEMICAL WEEK September 10. 1966 J Sources of airborne asbestos -1 - :i Asbestos-lined ducts used in centrally air-conditioned buildings. '. Asbestos ducts and insulation in home central-heating plants. ..' Motor vehicle brake linings and clutch plates. i ' ..Auto undercoatings. *. . v : * Asbestos ceiling and floor tiles. " ; " ' < Asbestos shingles and sidings. ; .' ':X ' Construction and demolition ` :*' - - - Fitting, cutting, and removing asbestos-filled wallboards and floorings, piping and insulation. / . Incineration of asbestos-filled scrap. . Improperly filtered effluent from asbestos processing plants. A s b e s t o s : A w a it in g `T r i a r I The asbestos industry-- whose end . PHS officials^ think it may take products are valued at more than S500 them up to five years to establish million/year-- may be in for a shake- asbestos' true role as an air pollutant. up. It could come in the form -of However, Congress may act before federal legislation limiting the use of the research is finished. Says Repre asbestos, because asbestos has been ac sentative Robert Watkins (R., Pa.): cused-- though not yet " convicted"-- "We've seen enough evidence al as a significant health hazard. Prob ready. Asbestos will never get a dean able contender for asbestos markets: plastics. . bill of health. With just a little more data well move f o r . controls and Recent studies have convinced U.S. strict ones." . . . Public Health Service specialists and Some form of asbestos control is other medical authorities that about in the offing, public health officials ! 40% of all Americans have mild, are certain, if only part of a larger chronic cases of asbestosis, even clean-ambient-air .program. However, : though most of them never worked there is the danger that Congress may , directly with asbestos. enact rigorous controls on the quanti ; Unlike other airborne dust particles, ty of asbestos that could be used. asbestos fibers have the ability--alj most, as much as activated carbon-- : to absorb polycyclic hydrocarbons ! and arsenicals. Furthermore, says USPHS, in the past 30 years the as bestos-related cancer rate has in creased sixfold. In that case both Canada and U.S. asbestos products manufacturers would be hard hit Of the five forms o f asbestos ' mined today, chrysotile asbestos holds the predominant mar ket position because of its insulat ing and processing qualities. Canada The Inferences: While the average produces more than 80% of the chry asbestos worker is well protected, the sotile asbestos used in the U.S. In ; man on the street is not. The 3xl- both countries, a number of serious micron asbestos fibers in his lungs can dislocations would occur. come from a variety of sources (table, At present there is no known ma above). terial that could fill all of asbestos' And medical experts say there's no strategic roles. On the other hand, way to assess hydrocarbon content should federal .controls merely call in those lung deposits. for higher standards for binders and American Cancer Society research shieldings, that would spark a rise of ers feel certain there is a svnereistic new .products, with plastics taking f relationship among airborne asbestos, smoking and lung cancer. They reason the lead. Reason, say industry spokesmen, that the nondegradable, hydrocarbon- present polymer technology could soaked fibers may well be a constant easily turn up products to replace as source of lung irritation. bestos in most end-uses. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000094 S ' * ^ w --\ Y^B. & I Appendix S ON THE COVER: Test pattern used In adjust ing and checking color TV. Each set contains triads of red, blue and green phosphors. Color TV has been greatly improved by the h europium-yttrium rare-earth phosphor (p. 79). 1/ 'A i VoL 99, No. 15 October 8, 1966 DEPARTMENTS Business Benchmarks Business Newsletter Countdown International Key Changes Letters Marketing Market Newsletter Meetings National Roundup People Production Research Specialties Technology Newsletter Viewpoint Washington Newsletter World Roundup 110 19 105 45 101 7 72 75 7 39 66 95 96 79 91 5 35 61 T H IS W E E K IN B U S IN E S S 5 VIEWPOINT: Wage-price guideposts have broken down, and unless labor and man agement voluntarily repair them, mandatory controls are Inevitable. 7 U.S._ Public Health Service and Johns-Manville deny conclusions that_ asbestos. has_ ^eenshowntob^^^gub^i^heajtj^hazard^^ 2 5 .Seeking "fair share" of low-cost petrochemical feedstocks: As Dow and Hess seem about to get special import quotas, others eye foreign trade zone bids. 27 For companies that store oils, chemicals, other fluids in rented tank farms: sc* . countants' committee suggests safeguards to prevent another "soy oil fiasco." 2 8 New forum, old debate: Spokesmen for domestic and foreign producers of syn thetic organic chemicals sum up latest tariff arguments for AlChE members. 29 Financial revelations coming from chemical companies and divisions: Discretion still prevails over disclosure, but reporting of divisional data to be required. 3 0 More mergers and acquisitions: Sohio becomes full owner of Mountaineer Carbon; Alco gets Rubber-Plastics Industries; Sherwin-Williams buys Sprayon Products. 3 1 High court to rule on disputes of big concern to chemical companies-- such as conglomerate mergers, franchise dealerships, "piggyback" freight, " hot cargo." 4 5 Diaz Administration Intent on boosting fertilizer and pesticide production to help feed growing population, gives Mexico a better foreign trade balance. 6 6 'Continental' executives living in Puerto Rico find that the U.S. territory combines the pleasures and problems of a foreign assignment. 110 New orders for nonelectrical equipment are running 2 3 % ahead of last year, but not all six machinery makers are sharing equally in the boom. ' 95 lO m * mvcr v i i c i m u o i u u m v j -- ......-- ^ in emergencies-- such as a breakdown in its effluent discharge pipeline. 96 foams of alumina or other refractory oxides. -- CIO \ lis * ,_L > i - _ i >_ v 79 high-pressure discharge lamps, as well as in color TV. C t e - l c a l W ,, k I . aublUArd r m b l , b , M .C M ..H III. ., 330 W ,, t ij a d S ... J . Ybrk. N.Y. 10034 C w i b M 19dd b IU cC -l.-H M I I I . - IM I `* * j A i - " m i Abb U, E d ito ria l. C lr d u l. li. n bud A d r . r l i . l f i l O l l i c . l : U cG rao.N 'II b u .ld .m . 330 W ill b in d S u H r - York. N Y. 1003d. C o r . o r . t r a W t t f l . S H I . Job* J. Cook,. K tr r u n r ; J - L. M c C , . . t- .a w .r - ' . M d N b .lJ d -t. ... N . IY I0 4 < 3 * S i m i M u .ll , h r ; mtrt PBtaUf. U A a.la d rl.b ia . bo. S u b . c r ,, t i . . - a l . I..............d u a l. ,n u ol .u b i.ra u b . U.S., U.S. t w t . i o r . a o j Cjaodd. S i K t rra - U n i t , . Swul. Utr- .J . . H g l - euM i/in. *1 5 ; A ll th e ft. V S . P l a u K t A 4 trtiM r:f Inie J9* N io fc rM M r ttii* * w b tc n p ilo #f K fld ih i in clue of addrc. I * pna 1579 (a F a liillm # M iiu g c r, OwwUCA W **k. P.0. 430. MiJfttUSwa, N.J. 0*520. n i u l W bdk'l p u b lith rr. No York rd ilo r.a l U ff and id ro rtliia d m n u vn M iH in located m Dm H a d f ia a f J. C Naaaa* S alldiaa. 101 Aau a f tbc A a itrlU L ft <42 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000095 LETTERS b #oZ>. f V I -A A sb esto s S afety Reaffirmed T o the E ditor: The article titled Asbestos: Awaiting Trial' " (CW, Sept. 10, p. 32) contains many inac curacies, which have led to erroneous assumptions and false conclusions. Briefly, the facts are these: (1) Asbestos is a uniquely useful product serving the needs of modern man and society, and it is not likely to be replaced by economically feasible synthetic polymers, or anything else, in the foreseeable future. (2) No published reports, even the most speculative, support the general ized statements in your article regard ing health effects of possible exposure to asbestos. . (3) There is no basis for the sugges tion that Congress "may act" regard ing asbestos use, for no such proposals are being considered by Congress. We are informed that the congressman quoted as predicting action disclaims any knowledge of health evidence relating to asbestos or of proposals to control its use. (4) No evidence exists to show that ' 'sbestos poses health risks for the gen- al public or to show that even 1% of Americans have "mild chronic asbestosis," much less the 40% figure you give in your article. (5) Regarding your list of "sources of airborne asbestos," there are no data to support the contention in your article that the "man on the street" is exposed to asbestos from these sources, or indeed that these sources contribute asbestos to the ambient air. (6) Wc know of no data to support your claim of a sixfold increase in so- called " asbestos-related cancer." As you doubtless realize, the proper conduct of our business requires us to keep abreast of scientific developments regarding asbestos, both medical and technical. Is is our opinion that syn thetic polymers are not likely in the CW welcomes expressions of opinion from readers. The only requirements: that they be per tinent, as brief as possible. Address all correspondence to: H. C. E. Johnson, Chemical Week, 330 West 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10036. . foreseeable future to completely re place asbestos in the many applications for which it is now used. Any syn thetics would have to prove superior to natural asbestos and be economical ly competitive. As to health aspects, in June of this year the U.S. Surgeon General ap peared before the Senate Public Works Subcommittee on Air and Water Pol lution, with Senator Edmund Muskie of Maine as chairman, to discuss var ious problems relating to air-pollution abatement. Surgeon General William Stewart enumerated a number of sub stances in common use, including plastics and asbestos, about which he said: `The public health hazards that may arise from these aspects of en vironmental contamination have not been adequately documented. In each instance further investigation is needed to determine whether health is indeed threatened and what control measures may be necessary." 1 these days when all substances in our air and water and even the food we eat are constantly under scrutiny, as to their effects on the pub lic, the fact that asbestos is among the subjects of investigation is not surpris ing. In fact, we have always supported and will continue to support investiga tions by the U.S. Public Health Service and other research scientists. R oger Hackney Vice-President Johns-Manville Corp. New York To the E ditor: In reference to your article, " Asbestos: Awaiting T rial' " (Sept. 10, p. 32), we know of no scientific evidence supporting the statement that "40% of all Amer icans have mild, chronic cases of asbestosis." Even in the asbestos industry, where more is known about exposure levels than among the general population, there is imprecise knowledge about the health effects of exposure to as bestos. With the cooperation of labor and industry, the Division of Occupational Health has under way a long-range, in-depth study to answer this question, as well as to develop better criteria for the safe handling and manufacture of asbestos. In the meantime, however, the division will continue to promote the application of known control methods so that the workplace can be kept as healthy as possible. Murray C. B rown, M.D. Chief Division of Occupational Health Department of Health, Education & Welfare Public Health Service Washington, .D.C. CW is pleased to set the record straight. Some of those interviewed apparently drew unwarranted conclu sions from insufficient and dubious d ata.-- E d. MEETINGS Assn, of Official Analytical Chemists, annual meeting, Twin Bridges Marriott Motor Hotel, Washington, D.C., Oct. 10-13. Techntcon international symposium on automation in analytical chemistry, Statler-Hilton Hotel, New York, Oct. 17-19. Drug, Chemical & Allied Trades Assn., annual meeting, Hollywood Beach Hotel, Hollywood, Fla., Oct. 20-22. Commercial Chemical Development Assn., discussion of packaging, Drake Hotel, Chicago, Oct. 26-28. National Assn., of Purchasing Agents, Chemical Group, annual fall conference. Continental Plaza Hotel, Chicago, Oct. 27. Society of Engineering Science, fourth technical meeting. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Oct. 31-Nov. 2. American Society for Metals, national metal congress and exposition. McCor mick Place, Chicago, Oct 31-Nov. 3. Parental Drug Assn., annual conven tion, Statler-Hilton Hotel, New York, Nov. 1-4. Fertilizer industry round-table con ference, Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C., Nov. 2-4. The Society of the Plastics Industry, 11th plastics film, sheeting and coated fabrics conference, Waldorf-Astoria Ho tel, New York, Nov. 9-19; conference on cellular plastics in transportation. Edgewater Beach Hotel, Chicago, Nov. 15-17. The Franklin Institute Research Labi oratories, fourth annual symposium on the organic-solid state, Philadelphia, Nov. 14. General Atomic Division of General Dynamics Corp., and Air Force Office of Scientific Research, fundamentals of gassurface interactions, San Diego, Calif.. Dec. 14-16. October 8. 1966 CHEMICAL WEEK 7 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000096 Appendix , t ..'V fzom - ; ' / " V. ME . A M E R I C A N M E D B C A L A S S O C B A T B O N 5 3 5 North Dearborn Street, Chicago, liHnois 6 0 6 1 0 Area Code 312 527-1500 F o r P . M . Release M o n d a y , M a y 23, 1966 . CONTENTS Decline m reporcec measies cases - -- -- -- -- - 1 Asbestos in urban air - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3- swimming pool saiety measures - - -- - -- - -- -- - 5 Small town s need draws doctor - -- -- -- -- -- - 7 D E C LINZ IN ' R E P O R T E D MEASLES CASES C H I C A G O - - A p p r o x i m a t e l y 12 million A m e r i c a n children have b e e n i m m u n i z e d against m e a sles (rubeola) since vaccine wa s licensed three years ago, and there has been a m a j o r decline in reported cases. T h e Medical N e w s section of the current ( M a y 23) Journal of the A m e r i c a n Medical Association reports these preliminary figures f r o m the U.S. Public Health Service: During the first 17 w e e k s of this year, reported cases w er e d o w n to 125,966, c o m p a r e d with 162,029 for the s a m e period in 1965. Last y e a r 's total reported cases (266,222) w e r e less than half tne n u m b e r of a decade earlier (555,156 in 1955). . " W e really are pretty far along toward meas l e s eradication right n o w , " said Robert J, Warren, M.D., chief of the C m l d n o o d Virus Disease Unit at the P H S ' C o m m u n i c a b l e Disease Center in Atlanta, Ga. . - Rubeola incidence shows periodic peaks, and past experience had indicated that m a j o r outbreaks might be expected in the U.S. early this year. ' . ' ' T h e chief of the C o m m u n i c a b l e Disease Center, David J. Ser.cer, M.D., cautioned, however, that reported m e a s l e s cases probably represent only about 10 per cent of the actual number. E v e n with immunization of an estimated 12 millionyoungsters-- reducing measles-susceptible population by about 40 per cent--there are m o r e than 12 million left, said Dr. Warren. . . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000097 - 2- - : B e t w e e n 2 million and 4 million of these 'will have to be i m m u n i z e d to accomplish m e as l e s eradication, he said, " if w e pick the right children.'' . . . :- ;* T h e " right children" are those living in lower socioeconomic areas, to s o m e extent those in rural areas, and the young school-age susceptibles, he said. - . " In m o s t areas, we'll be on the verge of eradication a year f r o m n o w , " he said. " T h e r e m a y be pockets of meas l e s cases w h e r e all concerned h a v e n 't done enough." ' A k e y factor in eradicating m e a s l e s is the cooperation of practicing physicians, C D C Chief Sencer emphasized. Physicians should include m e a s l e s immunization in their private practices and help educate parents to the seriousness of the disease. T h e annual death rate attributed to meas l e s continues to average ' m o r e than 400 in recent years. Dr. Sencer said. If the ratio of cases ' to fatalities holds, however, final figures for 1965 m a y s h o w a decline in deaths to about 240. - ' j I S o m e children react to the " live" vaccines being used, but this has been " greatly overplayed," Dr. Sencer said. " Children tolerate m e a s l e s vaccine very well." . * About 15 per cent of those receiving two types of live attenuated m e a s l e s vaccines m a y experience rather high fever, beginning about the sixth day after vaccination, and lasting no longer than five days, the P H S has said. O n e vaccine type ( Edmo n s t o n strain), " m a y have about twice this frequency of such responses," the P H S Advisory C o m m i t t e e statement said, but continued, " the great majority of reports indicate that even children with high fever experience relatively little dis comfort . and reactions often go unnoticed by the parents. B e c a u s e m o s t adults have had measles, there has been little vaccination of older persons, except in relatively isolated areas w h e r e f e w adults have been e x p o s e d to measles. Limited data, the P H S said, " indicate that in the adult, reactions to vaccine are no m o r e c o m m o n than in children.' ,, T o c o m e closer to eradication of meas l e s in this country, said Dr. Warren, these three things m u s t be done: --As m a n y pre-school children as possible m u s t be immunized. .-Efforts should increase to i m m u n i z e school children, whether there is a m e a s l e s epidemic or not. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000098  .. .* . '. - .. . -3- _; - --Epidemics should not be tolerated when.they start. . Extensive campaigns, such, as the recent one in Rhode Island and one planned this m o n t h in Delaware will be important factors m eradicating measles. Dr. W a r r e n predicted. K a n s a s w a s the first state to a m e n d school entry requirements ' to include m e a s l e s immunization, he said, and several other sta es apparently are following suit. ' .' . S o m e persons should not receive measles vaccine, or should postpone immunization, he said. T h ese include pregnant w o m e n vic tims* of tuberculosis, leukemia, l y m p h o m a s and otner generalized malignancies, and persons w h o are hypersensitive to vaccine c o m ponents or have recently received other live-virus vaccines. T h e C D C 's Dr. Sencer m e a s l e s in the U.S. " m a y be vestigation.** sees the sufficient day when a s in g l e case of to p r o m p t an e p id e m ic in E v e n then. Dr. W a r r e n added, it will be necessary to keep immunization levels high-until m e a s l e s is eradicated f r o m the wo.ic. - 0- - a s b e s t o s in URBAN AIR CH lCA G O --A sbestos in the a ir might som eday be a new hazard of urban living. The concentration of asb estos p articles in urban air probably isn *t of m a jo r co n cern now, e m p h asiz e two m e d ic a l in v e stig a to rs in a current publication of the A m erican M edical A ssociation . They point out, however, that the w ear of autom ooile clu.cn and brake linings, the weathering of a sb e sto s roo u n g-- ever. ...e wearing of floor tile containing a sb e s to s - - a r e certain to in crease airborne concentrations of the m aterial. . Inhaled in sufficient quantities, a sb e sto s can cause lung d ise a se , including malignant tum ors. ' A sbestos is virtually indestructible. The m ost commonly^usee type has a tendency to break into h air-lik e fib e r s , som e o wmen a re so sm a ll they cannot be seen with an ordinary m ic ro sc o p e . If inhaled into the lungs, the sharp fib ers move downward, concentrating in the b a se of the lungs or in adjacent tis s u e s . - * =tein and iron encrustations form around the fib ers, producing a so e s.o s CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000099 'A .f : / - *. --4- bodies.** M a n and guinea pigs s e e m to be the only animals in which these formations occur, but the result in their bodies can be develop m e n t of a tumor. . 7 ." / . . ' . \ T h e authors of the report are J.G. T h o m s o n , M.D., of the Medical School, University of C a p e Town, South Africa, and Wallace M . Craves, Jr., M.D., formerly of the University of M i a m i School of Medicine, M i a m i , Fla., and n o w of Professional Medical L a b o r a tories, Fort M y e r s , Fla. . W h e n they reviewed the autopsies of 500 M i a m i residents aged 15 and over, they found that asbestos bodies w e r e present in the lungs of 30 per cent of the m a l e s and 20 per cent of the females. These findings w e r e similar to an earlier C a p e Town, South Africa, survey by Dr. Thomson. . ^ _ T h e authors emphasized, however, that none of the deaths w e r e due to asbestos inhalation or, in fact, to any kind of lung disease. Only a few of the m a l e s (about 1- in 17) had what might be considered significant concentrations of asbestos bodies in their lungs. . T h e survey did not indicate the concentration of asbestos particles in M i a m i air. It-showed only that urban dwellers are exposed to s o m e asbestos inhalation, a p h e n e m e n o n of m o d e r n times. " T h e use of asbestos has increased in a m o u n t and variety in the past 30 years to a degree unprecedented in any other c o m m o n mineral,'' the authors said. " F e w are a w a r e of the extent to which there has been created in recent years in towns and cities what could be called an asbestos environment." W o r l d asbestos production n o w exceeds 3 million tons a year, five times, that of 20 years ago. Th e United States c o n s u m e s onefourth of all production. In earlier times, w o rkers in asbestos m i n e s and factories wer e frequent victims of lung diseases. Factory dust control eliminated m a n y of these lizards, but n o w smaller quantities of airborne asbestos are found in m a n y places. C o m m e n t i n g on the report, an editorial in the current ( M a y 23) Journal of the A m e r i c a n Medical Association said: " Asbestos is n o w a hazard in an increasing variety of occupations involving asbestos or asbestos-containing products, such as asbestos cement, insulation, paint and plastic, ship building, and in the construction industry. T h e lung disease observed in these work e r s is usually milder than that seen earlier in asbestos-factory workers. However, after being exposed to asbestos for several years, malignant tumo r s m a y develop. - CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000100 V. . '" Unlike the older population which had no exposure to asbestos c until recently, the young urban dweller has the exposure of a lifetime before h i m , " the editorial said. " T h e investigators predict that urban air contamination by asbestos will continue to increase. W h a t is not k n o w n is just h o w m u c h asbestos m u s t be present before (malignant tumors) result." ` . . . T h e report appears in the current (May) Archives of Pathology, published by the A M A , . : . -0 - ... SWIMMING POOL SAFETY MEASURES . _ . C H I C A G O - - I f y o u 're installing a backyard s w i m m i n g pool, you can ensure peace of m i n d by " kidproofing" it to prevent accidents. T h e current (June) T o d a y 's Healtn magazine, publisr.ee by the A m e r i c a n Medical Association, lists several suggestions for m a k i n g backyard pools safer. T h e suggestions are based on the first national study of pool drownings, in which n e w s p a p e r reports of drownings in 1965 w e r e u s e d as the source of information. Of the 472 pool drownings last year, 246 occurred at private residences. T h e majority of victims d r o w n e d in h o m e poois owr.ee by their o w n families, and 155 of these victims w e r e under age five.. T h r e e chief causes of drownings w e r e " t e m p o r a r y lack of qualified adult supervision; inadequate pool protection, such as fences, and victims' inability to float or swim. Such t r a g e d i e s can be p r e v e n t e d , s a y s the a u th o r, Daniel P. Webster,'a r e c r e a t i o n c o n su lta n t in the Division of A c c id e n t Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service. . T o m a k e a pool safer, he suggests these things: 1. Surround the pool with a fence or wall at least six :eet high. T h e fence should have barriers at the top to prevent climomg, and should extend at least six inches into the ground to prevent tocc.ers f r o m burrowing under it. 2. F e n c e framing and braces should be on the inside to eliminate handholds a child might use as a ladder. 3. T r i m foliage so the pool area can be observed f r o m outside. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000101 Appendix U HARDESTY - 963-7734 (HOKE) - 654-0231 U . S . DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE p u b lic H ealth Serv ice Division of O c c u p a tio n a l H e a lth PROFESSIONAL RELEASE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Cincinnati, Ohio: December 9, 1966 _ ^ levels of asbestos dust 20 Co 30 Exposure to high levels ,. - - 2 i% increase In the death rate years ago are probably responsible for a 21% m e r e , v m a large -roup recently studied by the Public Health among certain workers in a large ,,roup ' Service, This excess -a. due to cancer of the lung end gdstr.lncestln.1 tract aae to asbestosis. In ether asbestos-uslng Indue,e. etudied here duet u v e l . .re relatively lev even though there was long-term expoeure, the dtiath ratio were much lower, . lh..report .e preeented to 22 P t s on environmental disease attend- lr.g . C o n fe re n c e on Aeb.etoe R e e e a r c h eponeored hy o c c u p a t i o n a l h e a l t h officials of the Public Health Service here thte week. duet levele have been eharply reduced In the aebeetoe textile .nrt-Alltv was found, the finding adds to the grow- industry where the excess mortality was rounu, evidence that asbestos exposure Is associated with cancer cf the lung." .aid Dr. Hurray C. Brown. Chief of the Division of Occupational Health, who made the report. Dr. Brown*s report w a s `based on research being conducted by Dr. Philip Interline of McGill University and Dr. Mildred Kendrick of the Division of Occupational Health. Their data is taken from the Social Security Admin . f- 21 755 men who had worked In the three industries and lstration records for 2 1 , en * from death certificates from State health departments. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000102 ^ The Conference was held to exchange information on asbestos research v-- \ rograms now underway and to Identify gaps in research as well as areas . " . needing greater attention. The conferees agreed on the need for a broader attack on the many prob- lerts related to asbestos as an industrial as well aa a potential environ-. - mental contaminant. High on the list of research priorities were studies . of population groups with both heavy and light exposures to asbestos fibers. In inking such Investigations the types of asoestos as well as other asso- d a t e d factors must be considered in evaluating both types of exposures. It was pointed out that is is not known whether asbestos mineral fibers are vehicles or carriers of carcinogenic chemicals or are active themselves. The group stressed that there must be expanded laboratory animal stud ies of Che effects of different types of .asbestos dusts, alone and in com - I ( i.va'wion with various metals and hydrocarbons. They said that present . ~ s --ot. for the accurate indentificstion of asbestos fibers in tissue are j in"adequate and uust he ir.proved,. !. -i There was also concern about the need for standardization of diagnostic methods, better diagnostic terminology for pathologic and radiographic de- script^on of lung changes and pleural tumors. SiEillarly, techniques the collection, 'identification, and quantitation of asbestos fibers in the industrial and community environment need refinement and standardization. "Inis latest information indicates that asbestos is causing problems, and we intend to move rapidly toward an intensified program to get answers to some of the more urgent questions," Dr. Brown told the conferees. _ / s i { - ~ . ' ~ . . \ _______ CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000103 y - 3 - In the meantime, it is important that those producers and users who are ^ > not showing proper regard to the health hazards of asbestos dust institute controls which have already been shown to reduce the dust problem," "While we really do not know how controls can be applied in all of the endless varieties of work situations and sites* these questions can be. answered through the types of diligent painstaking work that have been out lined at this meeting," Dr, Brown concluded. Asbestos is a generic term applied to a number of fibrous crystalline silicate minerals. Although chemically they ere grouped as hydrated sili cates, there is a great variation in the degree of hydration, complex compo sition of the silicate, and physical properties of the crystalline fibrous '-- structure. These differences make it difficult to assess the fibers* ef- ^ _ ^ects on the lung, i '- A lthough a s b e s t o s h as been known f o r c e n t u r i e s , i t h a s o n ly been a mineral of significant industrial importance for about 75 years. With out standing properties of chemical resistance, fibrous structure, and incom bustibility, the material is used in practically every major industry. Over one million workers are involved in the manufacture or handling of t isbi.vtoOa product*. Major applications include textile manufacturing, felts, ropes, roofing and flooring materials, asbestos-cement pipes, gaskets, insulation, special ' papers, filters, plastics, and brake linings, . Current domestic consumption of the mineral in the manufacture of asbestos products is nearly 800,000 tons. Of the three forms of asbestos, -- chrysotile accounts for about 95 percent of this figure, with amosite at CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000104 * 4 'V ^ 20,000 ^ - . m m -- ; -- up ' * r^ er. *.,. ~s c .< - m - * r,, ,, , * - m u m l m . m -- ^ IeM u .XI tor t m . . vi, m - m m m -- * Chose who nine It* 1 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000105 \>, ' ' .. - * . -A p p e n d i x v -32- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL REPORT 3 SECTION #3, ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES NOVEMBER 1, 1967. .; - ' . ' INDEX . ' ` . ' ' . ' Page 1 '. 1 | | . f. i ; . 33 . 33-3A . 34 > i . Epidemiological Study of the Canadian . 34 Library of Asbestos Research and fS lL ."" \ ' . * " 35 . - 35 36 . 36 Insulation Workers Health Studies ............................ 37 Analysis of Urban Air S a m p l e s .............. * *'............. 37 i l j ? !l . Fibrous Glass and Mineral Wool 37-38 Cooperative Asbestos Environmental Health .................. 38 1 . 'idemiological Study of J-M Retired Employees. ........ .. ( . - Meetings, Conferences, and General . . 38-39 39-40 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000106 -33- environm ental and health s t u d ie s _pnnr t f environm ental and h e a lth s tu d ie s in TJhhiechf o lJloohwnisn-gMani svilalep r oisg r ae scst i vr eepl y p a r t i c i p a t i.n g . ' > . . \\ fi 1 t1 FIBROUS DUST STUDY ,, INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA CONTACT - ROBERT T . P . de TREVILLE, ^ .D . COORDINATORS - H. M. JACKSON AND C. L . SHECKLER ' - . . . . . T his study In volves the In v e stig a tio n c h r y s o t ile , am o site, n ro c id o lite and s g f e t l c ^ ^ m in e ra l w o o l, and some o rg a n ic f i b e r s w i n . B o d ies and B io e ffe c ts H ygiene Foundation concerning fib ro u s d u st. - sta te d th at experim ental p toduetlon o I a sh e st a U h e hodiea e s t e r s . Ths d u sts used t o produce th ese bodies Mn.,,ad e te x tile ^ a n d ^ a ^ . ' t h e s e fo ie ig n m ate rials produced bo d ies in the . in je c tio n s it e s of the an im als. _ . The w ork by D r. D a v is aC a t IHF. th a t numerous su b sta n c e s o t lik e or "ferru gin o u s" bodies in tissu e . a sb e sto s* c ^ p r o d u c t the* a sb e lto s- = S M -c c r t M se - -- -" S= r*:; s.r;::,r.:ss:: ssrtr.-U".r con clu sion s. BRAKE LINING DUST-STUDY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION Or AMERICA CONTACT - ROBERT T . P. de TREVILLE, .i.D . COORDINATOR - H. M. JACKSON brake lin in g d u st by anim al in je c tio n T h is study in v o lv es the p ath o g en icity of creening te s ts . . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000107  ' . X -34- . . ... . BRAKE LINING DUST STUDY (C o n t' d ) . ... 1 ` ' V ft. long te tm animal ' o i . t o i g ^ w r l s h c 2 f Institute of Environmental and Occupational . H ealth S c ie n t if ic A dvisory Com mittee. ..... j b l . review i s bein g conducted to determ ine recom m endations fo r the re se a rc h d e sig n and im plem entation . ,. : R ecom m endations from th e IEOH can he e x p e c t e d w it h in th e n e x t two m on th s. COALINCA FIBRE STUDY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA . ' .. . * .. . . CONTACT - ROBERT T . P. de TREVILLE, M.D. . COORDINATOR - H. M. JACKSON ' ' SM f th iq s tu dy i s to compare the p a th o g e n icity o f C o alin ga fib r e r e chryfo t'ii: b /a n im a l in je c tio n screening te s t s . ; The animal tissue reaction e n v ir o n m e n t a l^ c o n t r o l^ s t a n d p o in t .^ C o a lin g a fibre sh o u ld be r e g a r d e d the seme a s our Canadian fib r e . * . T h is s tu d y h a s vbeen c o m p le te d . TThhee rr ee ss uu li tt ss a* r e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith th e f o r e g o i n g comments as r e p o r t e d in th e A u g u st 1, 1967 r e p o r t . EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE CANADIAN GENERAL. POPULATION ESSr. ' patth S c eonald. h .d . COORDINATOR - K. V. LINDELL T h is s tu d y p r o p o s e s .to r e li a. bt e. tthh ee hh ee aa lltt hn ss ct aattu s o f a s b e s t o s to the n o n -e x p o se d p o p u la t i o n . exposed p o p u la tio n Members of th e com m ittee w ill o f" standard c I n s titu te o f .Environm ental J^ ^ be m eeting v i m a tin g i s to fu rth e r the chest - r a y in t e r p r e ta tio n and eX o developm ent c lassificatio n . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000108  / . ... ' .. . T j* -35- r i ESTABLISH LIBRARY 'OF WORLD WIDE ASBESTOS RESEARCH AND HEALTH STUDIES . . .. . - 'NSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CONTACT - CEORGE WRIGHT, M.D. AND P. V. PELNAR, M.D. _ . COORDINATOR - K. V. LINDELL . .. . /. - i - r Thl! project Is designed to assemble Information on world-wide asbestos research TM h e l n h studies for future reference and distribution upon request. , , . -mionfffir and other published information concerning sbestosa iseb^ing forwarded to Dr. Pelnar from the J-M Environmental Health Committee. ' ' pr. Pelnar attended the Industrial Hygiene foundation meeting on October 10-11. 1967. This Is a continuing project and progress Is being made. ASBESTOS INDUSTRY STUDY UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CONTACT - LEWIS J. CRALLEY, PhD*. COORDINATORS - H. M. JACKSON AND C, L. SHECKLER This is a 7 to 10 year environmental,clinical, and epidemiological study of t o s and w o r k e d exposed to asbestos in the United States. Field units of the United States Public Health Service conducted an environmental un M (1, Plant Asbestos Textile Department. The asbestos various sampling, methods. . ,,, - ... n e p n s attended an Asbestos Textile Institute sf isr one year. E.h . Wells and C. L. Sheckler attended-the A.T. I. meeting and discussed further J-M participation with Dr. Cralley. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000109 . * . "*RAKE LINING DUST STUDY ilT ED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CONTACT - LEWIS J . CRALLEY, PhD. COORDINATOR - H. M. JACKSON . . ' . . ; -36- : " ` - The purpose of this study Is to determine presence of asbestos fibre In dust from brake lining wear. - . .' Thera have been no formal reports made to date by the United States Public Health Service in reference to this study. No further laboratory work has been initiated. . '. ' Dr Lewis J. Cralley of the U.S.P.H.S. endorses the Industrial Hygiene 'Foundation proposal now being considered by the Institute of Environmental, and Occupational Health Committee. . It is anticipated that the U.S.P.H.S. will await further developments concerning the I.H.F. proposal. INSULATION WORKERS HEALTH STUDIES UNITED STATES DEPT. HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE CONTACT - I . J . SELIKOFF, M .D .; C. W. COOPER, M .D ., AND OTHERS COORDINATORS - H. M. JACKSON AND C. L . SHECKLER . -h e se are n a tio n wide en v iro n m en tal, c l i n i c a l , and e p id e m io lo g ic a l stu d ie s f in su latio n workers (A sbestos W orkers). At a recen t m eeting between the N atio n al In su la tio n M anufacturers A sso c ia tio n H ealth Committee and Dr. Irv in g S e l i k o f f , which was atten d ed by C. L . Shack , Dr S e l i k o f f in d ic a t e d th a t q u e s t io n n a ir e s c o n c ern in g work h i s t o r i e s an c h t X -ray s o f th ousands o f H eat, F r o s t , and A sb e sto s W orkers have been a sse m b le d in h i s f t t . S i a n i H o s p it a l l a b o r a t o r y fo r stu d y and a n a l y s i s . He ag a in em phasized the s t a t i s t i c a l d ata re gard in g c a u su a l r e la tio n sh ip between a s b e s to s d u st e x p o su re, smoking and prim ary lung c a n c e r. The W estern I n d u s t r i a l H e alth C o n feren ce A sb e sto s Symposium was h eld on Septem ber 29, 19*67. D r. C la r k Cooper d is c u s s e d s t u d i e s o f San F r a n c is c o Bay A rea in s u la t io n w orkers conducted by him a t the U n iv e r s it y o f C a l if o r n i a . He^has examined ap p roxim ately 400 w orkers thus f a r . Of the t o t a l examine , he in d i c a t e d 427, w ere n o ted to have a s b e s t o s b o d ie s p r e s e n t i n th e lu g . Dr. Cooper exp ressed the opin ion th a t the a sb e sto s d u st, th re sh o ld lim it stan d ard o f 5 .0 m illio n p a r t ic le s per cu bic fo o t o f a i r was not adequ and m erely m inim ized, but did not e lim in a te , pulmonary d is e a s e s . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000110 / .- 1 -37- ANALYSIS OF URBAN AIR SAMPLES FOR ASBESTOS FIBRE ' ' DEPT. OF OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH .: . WAYNE STATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE . *. . . .' . CONTACT - A. J. VORWALD, M.D. 7 - . '` . 7 The purpose of this study Is to determine tissue reaction of animals from dust . collected in the urban atmosphere. . ' ` Dr* Vorvald has reported that numerous fibers, some of which may be asbestos, were identified in the dust contained in the urban air samples. An analysis of the lung tissues of exposed animals revealed no fiber and no tissue reactions. . . . A meeting has been arranged on November 1, 1967, at the J--M Research Center for discussions with Dr. Vorwald's staff and J-M personnel concerning techniques for the specific identification and quantification of the fibers in the urban air samples. AIR DUCT EROSION TESTS . - KETTERING LABORATORIES CONTACT - R. A. KEHOE, M.D. . . COORDINATOR - R. E. NAYLOR . The purpose of this study is to investigate erosion effects of air flow through fibre glass ducts. * The tests were conducted at the Owens-Corning Research Center under the direction of Kettering Laboratories. . Approximately 32 Eests were conducted with duct liner and duct system materials. Examination of the samples indicated only 1 fiber found during the duct liner tests. This is believed to have come from a cut joint. No fibers were found during the duct system materials tests. This study has been completed and a final report from Kettering Laboratory is due. FIBROUS GLASS AND MINERAL WOOL INDUSTRY STUDY UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CONTACT - LEWIS J. CRALLEY, PhD. COORDINATORS - H.M. JACKSON AND C. L. SHECKLER This is a 7 to 10 year environmental, clinical, and epidemiological study of fibrous glass and mineral wool to determine effect of workers exposed to these materials in United States. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000111 FIBROUS GLASS AND MINERAL WOOL INDUSTRY STUDY ( C o n t 'd ) General Information regarding availability of personnel records numbers of ' employees, etc., was forwarded to Dr. Cralley for each J-M Fiber Glass Plant. Similar data will be forwarded for plants producing mineral wool products. COOPERATIVE ASBESTOS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROJECT WITH DR. SELIKOFF'S GROUP AT MI. SINAI HOSPITAL, N.Y.C. .. CONTACT - IRVING J. SELIKOFF, M.D. . COORDINATOR - F. L. PUNDSACK - ' . The objective of this project is to furnish characterized asbestos samples in prescribed particle size ranges for use in Dr. Selikoff's clinical studies. In addition, our objective is to furnish separated components of milled asbestos (such as the magnetic and non-magnetic rock fractions) for clinical studies. J-M has also agreed to furnish asbestos fiber treated with various agents which it is believed may modify the biological behavior of the fiber. Four meetings have been held with Dr. Selikoff and his group. The most recent meeting was September 26, and the next meeting will be January 10, 1968. J-M has furnished Dr. Selikoff with over one-half dozen samples of asbestos treated in various ways to affect the surface chemistry of the fibers. The purpose of these treatments is to see if the biological behavior of the fiber can be altered. These treatments include heat treatment and treatment with chemical agents such as acetic acid, oleic acid, gelatine, and organo-silane compounds. Dr. Selikoff and his group will evaluate the fibers with physical adsorption tests and select the most promising treated fibers for further biological studies with animals. In addition to the treated asbestos samples, J-M has furnished Dr. Selikoff respirable size' fractions of "pure" Jeffrey asbestos fiber, non-magnetic, non ferrous serpentine rock, and magnetic rock. It is Dr. Selikoff's intention to use this type samples in animal studies. . ' ' EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF J-M RETIRED EMPLOYEES UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH' CONTACT - PHILLIP ENTERLINE, PhD. COORDINATOR - H. M. JACKSON This is an epidemiological study to determine and of death and possible causal relationship to work employees. Comparisons will be made between this Che general population. analyze the life span, causes exposures of J-M retired group and similar age groups in CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000112 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF J-M RETIRED EMPLOYEES (Cont'd) Nv. _ c . Enterline is currently reviewing samples of the data available and will submit a proposal for the complete study within the next few weeks. Extensive employment and retirement data have been obtained from J-M plant, mine, and sales locations and are being prepared for Dr. Enterline,'s study. Social Security records are being obtained for approximately 200 retired employees to supplement the data from several locations. MEETINGS, CONFERENCES, AND GENERAL INFORMATION PERTINENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES The comparison and correlation of information concerning British and J-M Asbestos Textile Industrial Hygiene information is continuing. Dr. S. Holmes has provided us with a sample of a sealed container used to transport fiber in the British Textile operations- Also, additional dust sampling data have been exchanged. . J-M Health Task Force meetings were held on August 15 and October 17. On both occasions the Health Task Force was briefed on the latest developments concerning " e asbestos health problems, adverse publicity, scientific and medical developments, tigation, legislation, etc. Specific programs were presented and initiated - "to handle these problems. Dr. J. Le Poutre, Eternit S.A., Belgium, visited the Manville Plants on September 1, 1967. The visit included a plant tour and discussion of asbestos health problems with C. L. Sheckler and Dr. E. I. Merrill. Hill and Knowlton representatives, our public relation consultants, met with J-M Public Relations, Research and Environmental Control personnel at the ^ Research Center on September 11, 1967. The purpose of the meeting was to brief Hill and Knowlton on the health problems concerning asbestos and demonstrate its use by touring the Research Center and Manville Pipe Plant. A review of the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association Industrial Hygiene services and correlation of I. H. survey information was discussed by C. L. Sheckler and W. Bonneville at a meeting in Thetford Mines, Quebec, Canada, on September 20, 1967. ` Plans were initiated for an exchange of data regarding dust counting and noise evaluation procedures. Dr. Jean Avril, Medical Director of Ferrodo, France, visited the Research Center and Manville Plants on September 25, 1967. E. M. Fenner and W. C. Streib_guided Dr. Avril on a tour of the operations and along with Dr. E. I. Merrill, discussed asbestos health and environmental control problems. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000113 / ' ' '. . . -40" . ' MEETINGS, CONFERENCES, AND GENERAL INFORMATION ` . V PERTINENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES (Cont'd) . e " . . An Asbestos Textile Institute Meeting was held on October 5-6, 1967. The Air Hygiene Committee devoted the entire meeting to a discussion of the asbestos health problems confronting the industry. Dr.Lewis Cralley, United States Public Health Service briefed the committee on the status and plans regarding their Asbestos Industry Study. The A.T.I. approved the purchase of an electronic dust counter to be used by member companies. This equipment will afford an opportunity for exchange of consistent data regarding dust concentrations. E.H. Wells and C. L. Sheckler attended and discussed the health program in detail with Dr. Cralley and A. T. I. representatives. . The National Insulation Manufactures Association Health Information Program is progressing on schedule. A meeting of the Associated Asbestos Contractors of the South Eastern states was held on October 9, 1967. C. L. Sheckler and the NIMA group presented their health and safety program. The response was ex ceptionally good. Work is continuing on programing for next year's presentations. A meeting was held with Dr. I. J. Selikoff to discuss his reviews on the H.F.I.A.W. medical program. Also, work is progressing on preparation of recommended codes of practice for handling insulation materials including asbestos, fiberous glass and mineral wool. ... A meeting of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America was held on October 10,1967. The program included considerable discussion concerning air and water pollution also solid waste disposal. An excellent presentation was made by F. J. Solon entitled "Communicating the Effectiveness of Industry's Hazard and Pollution Controls-Whose Job?". The program included speakers from Eastman Kodak, OwensCorning Fiberglas, U. S. Dept, of Health, Education and Welfare, and the American Cancer Society. An Asbestos-Cement Building Products Industry Health and Safety Committee has been created. This committee will include representatives of Certain- Teed. Ruberoid, Flintkote and Johns-Manville. C. L. Sheckler has arranged a meeting for November 9, 1967 to initiate work on recommended codes of practice for handling asbestos-cement building products. During this reporting period, Environmental Control Department personnel visited Waukegan, Chicago, Joliet, Rockdale, Nashua, Billerica, Tilton, Lawrence, Jeffrey, Asbestos, Cleveland, Marrero, Natchez, Green Cove, Savannah, New Orleans Marshville, and Laurinburg Plants. These visits included tours of the operations, evaluations of housekeeping, dust, noise, fume and general industrial hygiene control,- air and water effluent and waste disposal. In addition, the management of each plant was briefed on the purpose, objectives, and operation of the Environmental Control function. I CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000114 ' Appendix W Environmental Control Department / Research & Engineering Center. V, . January 2, 1968 - - CONFIDENTIAL W. P. Raines - GHQ Water Contamination Studies The water contamination studies planned by the Research Center are in three groups. In the first two the samples collected will be checked as follows: . ' '' . ' . (11 Filtration tests, and microscopic examination of the . particulate matter to detect asbestos, if present. (2) Water hardness. (3) Water pH. (4) Iron content of the water. ' The Group I program involves tests of water from Bound Brook, N.J., "an all cast-iron pipe town" and Manville, N. J., an a as cement pipe town". The sampling and testing program will begin immediately after the first of the year. Samples WL^ be taken weekly from each town. The program will continue until d e f m i results are obtained. . The Group -II test program involves water samples from the following cities: * Globe, Arizona San Diego, California . ~ Long Beach, California Providence, Rhode Island Wichita, Kansas Memphis (Capleville District), Tennessee. Two samples will be taken from each city. The first sample will be the source water before it has passed through ab^ toS'" ^ and the second will be water after it has passed through the pipe. Samples from Globe, San Diego, and Long Beach have been received and the others are due soon. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000115 CONFIDENTIAL W. P. Raines - GHQ *2* t January 2, 1968 v,. r. The Group III tests will be made on a new pipe test loop stand under construction at the Research and Engineering Center. This test stand will permit controlled studies of the erosion or disintegration of asbestos-cement pipe by water of different pH and hardness values. The system utilizes a 30-ft test run of asbestos-cement pipe and is equipped with fairly sophisticated control equipment. The water run through the test will be filtered and examined for asbestos fiber content. The water, which will not be recirculated, will e continuously and automatically adjusted to the proper pH and hardness values. This system is scheduled to be in operation in April 19o* The first long-term test is planned with very severe water conditions insofar as asbestos-cement pipe is concerned - low pH and low hardness, JK--- EMF/ems cc: F. L. Pundsack J. H. Swensen File C / E. M. Fenner CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000116 4' 4 . _ i a. M acuoirod nfc feh v in A o n rrrnc'qrflnB* I.':-ti Tvugufffc 2* ISU'O ?... 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Maintain eqwipTnt An go*ft wnd.itAnn ok Ak rauet 1 P w i'.EfennR, a hol An tho Risning of a bvickOh. eJ. not bo fealorafejMl. 2?tor tenet b no dvtak oc flbs?f-> fTon kba process,, ' down * will 'rf.ng C. A.i?. building, strocturea, eke., and all oquAproon fToff of exfcran'souffl d m its that will ctum nfercouphir nation. U bo - 'mkMni- J?. $.iAw Amato fch uso of 3vroo-3?a, brabo, am! h'and nh - i n ifi#Rh3Ev.Gal qwAp{?.nt nnd vacuine cloanwiir. P. C'oe-.fgr-mnnfe .nnd SttporvAflioai mint bn indopto*Ama ted " '.%ro a pori-bir ahhitada tovard dnafe eomfe-oX and bswiehr c D*a/nfcnAnAng a lean epctrafcAon Is squolly ne A-jpcj f ' ' iE ptroitiokAoBir ttaporvlsAon anafe in a ist nut' wjJrtmv :1t WC Arstond feo posrnfe d a n n locstlons nmd AnAfe. (that b!C d-Oiflfi. r> ^idtwn f<ib?: p.rd toxi matarinl baga munit b seal; porfor-ming thin cleanup function au 8t voar appro v' and lovon. ^in '.'ipAtatOTB CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000117