Document xzyye4GX2107DLbKg5evYE9ng

FILE NAME: Kaiser Gypsum (KG) DATE: 1972 Feb 4 DOC#: KG011 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Letter from Calibria Asbestos to KG RE Asbestos Toxicology & Gov Regulations with Attached Literature RE Asbestos in Calidria Products F e b r u a r y 4, 1972 M r . R . W. Gr i g g Commodity Purchasing Manager K a i s e r Gypsum Company, Inc. K a i s e r C e n t e r - 300 L ake si de O a k l a n d , C a l i f o r n i a 94604 Drive D e a r M r . Gr i g g : n ! r I mh i i Z 77 + r ! o i I h3S 3 S k e ? me + r e p l y + y o u r l e t + e r t o him dat ed a l l o f won ' l 9 7 ! . c o n c e r n i n g a s b e s t o s t o x i c o l o g y . As we d i s c u s s e d a l l o f y o u r q u e s t i o n s c a n n o t be a n s w e r e d d i r e c t l y b e c a u s e f e d e r a l r e g u l a t i o n s have not been f i n a l i z e d a n d / o r e x p l i c i t l y d e f i n e d . Vie a r e i n aper on document0 the pr oc es s of p re p ar in g a lengthy C o r p o r a t e ' "pos i t ion a s b e s t o s , i t s u s e s , c o n t r o l s , e t c . We hope t o c o mp l e t e iY 0wever' for expediency, I w ill answer ySur + h? 5es + o f my P e r s o n a l a b i l i t y . We w i l l k e e p Yyou ,nforma + ion and send a copy of the f in a l Corporate T h e r e a r e two s e p a r a t e f e d e r a l a g e n c i e s which have r e c e n t l y i s s u e d T h l ' n ed + p r p o f ed r e g u l a t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g a s b e s t o s ( c o p i e s a t t a c h e d ) l 5 ; P! r ++n+ ? L L! ? r +hrou9 h +he O c c u p a t i o n a l S a f e t y and Heal th t h e T h r ' P h+ ! 2 H| i as issued "emergency" re gulatio ns lowering he T h r e s h d d L i m i t V a l u e ( TLV) f o r a s b e s t o s f rom 12 t o 5 f i b e r s per a i r g r e a t e r than 5 mi crons in l e n g t h , and e l i m i n a t e d the t o t a l h. .|COJri+ as an a j t e r n a t e TLV. Thes e r e g u l a t i o n s a p p l y to employees h a n d li n g a s b e s t o s in your p la n ts as well as users of your products. J a n u a r y 2, OSHA a l s o p u b l i s h e d " p r o p o s e d r u l e m a k i n g " in the F e d e r a l R e g i s t e r , Vo I . 37, No. 7. The E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n Agency ( E P A ) , under the 1970 C l e a n A c t , h a s i s s u e d p r o p o s e d s t a n d a r d s w h i c h woul d g o v e r n em i s s i o n s p l a n t s and c e r t a i n j o b s i t e s . T h e s e s t a n d a r d s w i l l be r e v i ewed A i r f rom i n O a k la n d , Ca I i f o r n a ' ' cMoanr cc he r nand w.liul l . n o t be e n a c t e d u n t i l l a t e r t h i s c o n t a ? n S <j^nw^ ^ ' ^ a s b e s t o s / w ^ t h o u t with - <: - s operation. We w i l l p r e o a r e n w ^ a rd comments +o g e t a f a v o r a b l e d e f i n i t i o n of c u r r e n t proposed ban. sp raying" to y e a r nf ;nr- mutuaI u or ?? h e af maoSubnte Sot f Sa s b e s t o s the spraying of f o r thhaes EbPeAen anidn h heor peen t f i t the intent of the The comments below are in your letter. in conjunction with the numbered q u e s t ii o n s C a l i d r i a A s b e s t o s SG-210 i s c h r y s o t i l e a s b e s t o +ha ,, a s C a n a d i a n g r a d e s 7RF, 7TF and 701 . The b i o l o g i c a l e l f e c t s and b a s i c m i nera I o g i caI o r c r y s t a l l i n e nature are the same. I have I s s u e d hC i h i ! . C P |f "Airborne Asbestos", a report by the Na tio na l Academy of S c ie n c e s . I t f u l l y e x p l a i n s the h e a I t h hazards and d i s c u s s e s them in an o b j e c t i v e manner. 2 a ` c o u n t s a ? Ub i e e ; h - nOU9h Ven+i,a+ion to prevent fib e r . a + b r e a t h i n g z o n e s f r o m e x c e e d i n g t h e OSHA TLV r e s p i r a t o r s s h o u l d be worn when h a n d l i n g d r y a s b e s t o s ' The hand ,ng of paste s c o n t a i n i n g a s b e s t o s should presen t'no a r e ^wet * w* th d "f W , N be g e n e r a t e d once the a i b " ? ? ? b e r s b l l a t d u r i n q levels levels d r v b l e n d * 1" r r e S ! ? ' R e s p i r a t o r s s h o u l d be worn f 5 ! i 9 p e r a + l ns u n l e s s du st counts in dicate b e l o w 5 f i b e r s p er ml g r e a t e r t h a n 5 m i c r o n s l o n g . 2 b ; - t o C f o r 1 t i i i ; o When a s b s + ? s i s h e a t e d t o 700C i t i s c o n v e r t e d i a s i e i n c i n I r e t a dn r ! OX,C m! nera 1* Empti ed bags and o t h e r n o t em ? a s b e i n a + h+emP ra + ^ e s ab ov e 700C s h o u l d p r e s u m a b l y unlnJweied ouel? o 5 + l l * a+mosPh e re - Because of inherent disSosJl ! ! 2 ! ' W W U, d n + recommend t h i s method o f I Empt i ed b a g s and o t h e r wa s t e c o u l d be p l a c e d in Und^r ! + '+ b3? S and d l s P sed o f in l a n d - f i l l o p e r a t i o n s . b e dmo+U r r e n t - a n ? p r P s ed r e g u l a t i o n s t h e l a t t e r method may ? + ^ ! + + P + a C t l ^ a l and a c c e p t a b l e . Wa s t e b a g s may be o f th isp o L m m y paper-ma ker Pat a have not explored V 2 C ` r e s P i r a t o : r e q u i r e d depends on the dust l e v e l s to J h i c h an employee is exposed, see a r t i c l e 1910.93a (c) n r o h i h | enC S d 0SHA r e 9u I a t i o n s . Y our o p e r a t i o n s woul d p r o b a b l y r e q u i r e no more t h a n t h e r e s p i r a t o r s r e f e r r e d t o ua* iand, Ca I i fornia a u u - p a r a g r a p h ( 2 ) . For cuaum T orT - No. flwi ! ' s o n : ! . Modei 86432~w i th "type N"Ho". U l i r a ^ are approved by tbe Suieeu o f i 1^1 ` f +R " 520 f ' ' +9" " o ? ` ' b0th f "hich 2d. procedure suggested 9 i s s u e d t b y ht h e UACG?H e q u i p s "? and d ? ' s d^ ra,v' 9 b e d a 1 5l n 0 the attached '"defied ha 9 l e d t o a d v i s e y o S r U d u s ? ? l a T h ' 9 - * C s t ' We " " ' d C o u l d make d u s t c o u n t s in y o u r D l a n t C ' 6 ^ p e r s o n n e l and S uc h me a s u r e me n t s woul d b e Y f o r o u r I + I wUr d i s c r 9 t i o n . connection with any government agency i n s p e c i f o n ! ' 2e3. asbestos < t ~ t see, time" type exposure A ll n,, i ? " ! ! referring to a "one- e x p o s u r e s must be e x p e r i e n c e d fCC*3? t o c a us e iung d a ,, a g e Po r e s s ^ i X Th? 1c ___ . ........ S+udies indicate that no d a t a i n d i c a t i n g a s b e s t o s ^ i b l C C o + t * Wer S l n C WS have n p e r f o r m i n g t h e 9j o b s m e n t i o n e d f tS n dust Senerated c o l l e c t i n g mj t e r i a l s and Cn. ? ! V Ur l e t t e r . We ar e N i a g a r a F a l l s RiO l a b s . Ws w i TT " I s t a * + m t 8 S t s in o u r the sand s praying papering of of c eiling ioint rntme x t u r e! ! S 35ndd ++hh e d au sP P+ 1, c o u n t s 'cation dtjr i n g and t y p ic a l dry S ix t u r e ^ , " ? , ' f you c o u l d seed us o f s uc h ma t e r Ea i i s o u r t e s t s " ' ! = X , r ' ' ! t s d J b - i x l ng Fha r - _ ns __a_n_d The r e v i s e d OHSA as follows: at least the approximate . asbestos Content regulations answer your s p e c if ic questions 3a A r t i c l e 1910. 93a ( e ) . 3b A r t i c l e 1910. 93a ( d ) ( 3 ) . 3c 3d A r t i c I e 1910.93a ( f ) and (g) . tCf h^w 1910.93a ' v< dq>m( 2z )j . T h i s may no t a n o l v o hand s a n d - p a p e r i n g but would require ?? Y clarification 4. t 9 er ^ X h e X ^ x x 1, ,,` ?eu ;pdreB? t t ; : r r L t n i ooi : P, i : : ? t , . s I S a h e a ri n g c o n c e r n i n g the EPA proposed s ta n d a r d s in Oakland, Califo rnia Los A n g e l e s on February 15th a t 10:00a.m. in the U S ' S n i i Unr' RT ' * 0 1 ' 312 N* Sprin9 S+ree + * Testimony T n i l - i ! - . . 1? ! n + 8 d . by s e v e r a l c o m p a n i e s and t he A s b e s t o s I n f o r m a t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n . I t h i n k you would f i n d the hearing ' " + e ;;e S + and b e n e f i c i a l and woul d s u g g e s t t h a t K a i s e r ypsum be r e p r e s e n t e d . No a d v a n c e n o t i c e i s r e q u i r e d e x c e p t for those presenting testimony. p After make reviewing comments to the the revised OSHA o r and proposed EPA. I f you r edlg ulat not i ons, ,,ni you may wi sh t o do t h i s to li oni i' " u l d J ? 3 lad t o I n c o r p o r a t e any I n f o r m a t i o n you have to i p f P n S e ! * ? SHA COnirnen + s a r due by F e b r u a r y I I and r e s p o n s e s e x ie n d U d ^ 6 + h ' ' + I S P S S i b , e +ha+ +he : i : ? r ? ? , I + + Seem8 f T ewha+ ou + o f P l a c e , and p e r h a p s u n n e c e s s a r y , I o u l d l i k e to end t h i s with a b r i e f c ommerci al. Your use of SG-210 i s a p p r e c i a t e d and we l o o k f o r w a r d t o s u p p l y i n g more o f yo ur a s b e s t o s requ i rements in 1972. I f our o r i g i n a l f o i m l l a t i n g work as i n d i c a t i v e you s h o u d be u s i n g 3 0 - 5 0 * l e s s S G- 2 1 0 compared t o C a n a d i a n a s b e s t o s . ' T h i s wouid redu.ce the t o t a l amount o f a s b e s t o s you use and the amount I n t h e p r o d u c t s you s e l l . We a l s o h a v e a s b e s t o s in p e l l e t form and t h e y a r e e s s e n t i a 1 |y f r e e o f a i r b o r n e - t y p e d u s t . A l t h o u g h p e l l e t s w o u l d n o t be a m e n a b l e t o d r y - m i x , you may want t o c o n s i d e r t h e i r *s in r e a d y - m i x compounds. ` My a p o l o g i e s f o r t h e d e l a y i n a n s w e r i n g y o u r l e t t e r - p l e a s e l e t me know i f we can be o f any f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e . Very truly yours, /cvb EncIosures cc : W. J . F i t z p a t r i c k J. S. Sheahan-- "CALIDRIA" A S B E S T O S SG-130 AND SG-210 For Tape Joint Com pounds Lowers Costs Two Ways CALIDRIA Asbescos acts as a body ing and secondary chickening agenc permiccing formulacion of lower den sity, more economical cape joinc com pounds wichouc che sacrifice of per formance. CALIDRIA Asbescos is produced by a proprietary manufactur ing process chac yields unusually high fiber concenc and more complece fiber liberation from che natural bundles. As a resulc, CALIDRIA Asbescos goes up to twice as far, pound for pound, as commercial grades of as bescos containing large amounts of ocher filler materials chat have no . specific desirable effeccs on cape joinc compound properties. Reduces Cracking The fibers of CALIDRIA Asbescos behave as an active lyophobic colloid in aqueous dispersion; by this mecha nism CALIDRIA Asbestos increases cape joint compound liquid cohesive strength during drying. Increased liquid cohesive screngch greacly re duces che tendency for cracks over nail holes, in chick sections ac che center of che joinc, and along che feachered edges. C A L ID R IA . C E L L O S IZ E . L'CAR. L'SIOMCar Enhances Sandability CALIDRIA Asbescos contains mainly chrysocile fiber afid is essentially free from abrasive concarainancs,such as magnecice and serpencine rock dusc. This composition results in a low dens icy produce, free from con taminants chac interfere wich sanding. Improves Uniformity Narrow and well-concrolled parcicle size discribucion, low alkalinity and high brightness are characteristic of CALIDRIA Asbestos. These proper ties are consistent from bacch to batch and improve the uniformity of cape joinc compounds using CALIDRIA Asbescos. Suggestions for Use of C A L ID R IA Asbestos . CALIDRIA Asbescos can be readily used in your present cape joinc compound formulacion. Add approximately one-half che proportion of asbescos you now use. Increase che proportion of calcium carbon ate or other inert filler to make up for che lower quancicy of asbestos. You may alsobe able to use slightly more water in your ready-mix and maincain your present vis cosity level. No ocher changes in your OcYobFr-,421295683 3E ac trade marks of Unton C-ubtUc Corporation. U N IO N C A R B ID E C O R P O R A TIO N C H EM IC A LS A N O P LA STIC S * 270 PARK A VEN U E; N Y .N Y. 10017 "CALIDRIA" A SB EST O S SG-130 AND SG-210 For Topo Joint Compounds Suggestions for Use of C A L ID R IA Asbestos (Continued) faorremruelqauciirend. or manufacturing procedure CALIDRIA Asbestos SG-130 has the coarser particle size; ic finds use for bedding compounds or perhaps spackling compound. The SG-210 has the finer parti cle size and is favored for topping com pounds, all-purpose compositions, texture paints, and similar formulas. U/ - Vm r iCte j 11 .. -5dI 2! A Suggested Ready-Mix Tape Joint Compound For Use With C A L ID R IA Asbestos Fillers: - MCaiclcai,umP80CFa(rbWoensatteer,nNMo.ic1a)W...h..i.t.e...(.T..h..o..m...p.s..o..n...W...e..i.n..m...a.n..)..... Clay, ASP-400 (Minerals and Chemicals Philipp Corp ) CALIDRIA Asbestos, SG-210 (Union Carbide)..........^ Binder: * UCAR Latex 131 (Union Carbide)......................... Workability Control Agent: - CELLOSIZE Thickener, TJC Grade (Union Carbide)......... Drying Control: - Ethylene Glycol (Union Carbide)............................................ Defoamer: Nopco PD-1 (Nopco Chemical Company) ......................... Dispersant: Daxad 30 (Dewey & Almy Chemical Div.)......................... Bacteriastat: Dowicide ' A (Dow Chemical Co.)............................. Total Water: about 56 parts by weight per 100 parts dry solids 'C ontained solids b a sis l/Jrif.h P.aDrtrsybyBaWsiesight C I-l.'C T t - ~ ~ -- ................................................ 6211..4020 J ..ShVi ..................:..,..T...X......... 4.00 4.58 .|\ .......... 6.60 ......... 0.50 ..........1.00 ......................... 0.10 ......................... 0.60' J ? L \ 1000..2000 ................................ - ^ D C T rie rs 2 ------------------- ,--------- "CALIDRIA" ASBESTOS SG-130 AND SG-210 For Tape Joint Compounds Typical Product Characteristics CRoenflteacintaendcme a(Ggn.Ee.tiPteh.o..t.o..v..o..l.t.)................................... ApHlk(a5li5niatyqu(eaosu5s solfuNrray2)0..).................................. " Surface area (BET)........................................ WOielt ABduslko,rpsteiottnle(dDOvoPl.(1m/1l0.0)#1a0sgb/2e5s0toms)l.../.l...h.r. Dry Bulk (#/ft.3) ...................... Wafer absorption (wt. 5 in filter cake) ........ SizWe detisStrcirbeuetniomne(schumsizuelative 5 retained) 1 0 0 ............................. 322050 ........................................................... ................................................... CALIDRIA Asbestos SG-130 SG-210 26855max. 08..55toto90J.06 50 to 60 m2/g. 92000to 100 212100 to 120 5Z5.toto860 652toto665 517 28 to 32 3Trace 10 to 15 Packaging and Shipping Information Product Form - Opened (finely ground) chrysotile asbestos fiber. Packaging - OPanlelePtaWckeaigghet..................................... Carload ............................................. Truckload..................................... ' Shipping -- Classification --asbestos shorts Rail point of origin - Welby, California (King City, California) A\ CALIDRIA Asbestos SG-130 SG-210 40 lb. 30 lb. 1,600 lb. 2,000 lb. 11,,500500 llbb.. ' TO XICO LO G ICA L p r o p e r t ie s Ic has been known for many years thac some persons working in asbestos produc tion were prone to develop a disabling lung disease. In time, this condition became known as asbestosis and was related to exposure to high concentrations of asbes tos dust. With further experience, it was found that men could work with asbestos without development of lung disease if dust concentrations were kept below a certain level. Ic is now generally accepted that a man can work a 40-hour week for a lifetime wichout developing asbestosis if the asbestos dust particle count is kept at or below 5 million parricles per cubic foot of air. This dust concentration of 5 million particles per cubic foot of air is the Thresh old Limit Value for asbestos, and no cases 3 "CALIDRIA" A S B E S TO S SQ-130 AND S<3-210 T O X I C O L O G I C A L P R O P E R T I E S (Continued) of asbescosis are believed to have occurred when exposures have been maintained at or below this level, despite large-scale utilization (now approaching one million cons per year in che U.S.A.). This concen tracin of dust is generally not visible in the average work area unless a beam of light causing a Tyndall effect is present. Usually the dust concentration must be from 8-10 million particles per cubic foot before its presence is visible in average lighting conditions. Several years ago, it was reported that there was an increase in the incidence of cancerous tumors, especially of the lung, associated with asbestosis. Recently there have been reports of some cancers occurring in individuals exposed to asbestos dust, but who have not developed clinical as bestosis. It is believed by most authorities chat these cases have been associated with exposures significantly exceeding the Threshold Limit Value. A major manufac turer of asbestos products who also mines asbescos has not been able to show an in crease in cancerous growchs in men work ing where dust concentrations were main tained at the Threshold Limit Value. Control of asbestos dust exposure is therefore necessary. The control methods are the standard ones applicable to a vari: v of dusty operations. They include closed flow systems, wee processes where possi ble, and adequate exhaust ventilation where openings in the system are necessary. Pelletizing is somecimes used to improve the handling characteristics of otherwise dusty materials. Where satisfactory con tainment co scay wichin the Threshold Limic Value is impractical or impossible, effi cient and reliable respirators are available for che protection of che employee. A pro gram of environmental monitoring in manu facturing operations is highly desirable co determine chac Threshold Limic Values are noe being exceeded. Employees should wear respiracors where dusting occurs in finishing products such as sanding taped joints. Pre-employment and periodic physical examinations of workers are desirable. These should include chest X-rays to in sure chac che worker has no chest con dition prior to work with asbescos and to determine chac no lung cnanges are result ing from work with asbescos. In conclusion, while asbescos dust in excess of the Threshold Limic Value is potentially harmful, as are many ocher dusts encountered in industry, it is as readily controlled as ocher such duscs and ic can be used safely with appropriate precautions. 4 " C A L iO R !A " A S B E S T O S S G -1 3 0 A N D S G -2 1 0 For Tap* Joint Compounds RELATIO N SH IP BETW EEN WATER & O IL ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF SOME ASBESTOS PRODUCTS FOR TA P E JOINT A D H ESIV E FORMULATIONS s DISCOVERY COMPANY UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION CHEMICALS AND PLASTICS 270 PARK AVENUE. NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 Safes Offices United Sietes ATLANTA. GEORGIA 3 0 309..................................... . . 1371 Peachtree St.. N. E . ........................ 404-892-7500 BALTIMORE. MARYLANO 21207........................... . . Baltway Bldg.. 6707 Whitestone Rd------- 301-944-8211 BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS 02194.................... . . 300 Firtt Av.. Neadtum Hgts................... 617-444-5400 BUFFALO. NEW YORK 14225................................ . .3343 Harlem Rd..............................................716-837-6450 CHARLOTTE. NORTH CAROLINA 28210............. . .6230 Faitview Rd............................................704-364-1400 CHICAGO. ILLINOIS CINCINNATI. OHIO 6 0 6 0 6 ..................................... 4 5 2 2 7 ..................................... . . .1 2 0 South Riverside P la ta ......................... 312-822-7000 .W est Street and Madisonville Rd.............. 513-272-0206 CLEVELANO. OHIO 4 4 114....................................... CUFTON. NEW JERSEY 07012.............................. . . .1300 Lakeside Ave.. N .E .............................216-621-4202 .9 3 5 Allwood Rd...............................................201-778-2900 DALLAS, TEXAS 7 S 2 0 7 ............................................ DETROIT. MICHIGAN 48221.................................. .. . . 2710 Stem m ons Freew ay............................214-631-0010 10421 West Seven Mile Rd----- 7 ..............313-341-3131 HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT 06103....................... . .4 1 0 Asylum ....................................................203-525-9345 HINOOUIASTNOANPO. LTIESX. AINSD7IA70N2A74...6...2..2...0.............................................................7328309 West Broad Alabama Ave............................. 713-621-1000 Ripple Ave................................. 317-255-3181 KANSAS CITY. LOS ANGELES. MISSOURI 64141......................... CALIFORNIA 90053.................... . . .910 Baltimore Ave.........................................816-221-2400 . 2770 Leoms Blvd............................................ 213-583-3061 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 38116............................. MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA 55416 .................. , . .. .. 3385 3033 Airways Blvd..........................................901-396-5375 Excelsior Blvd.......................................612-927-4221 MOORESTOWN. NEW JERSEY 08057 ............... . . . Route 33 and Pleasant Valley Rd.............. 609-235-6200 NPHEIWLAYDOERLKP.HNIAEW(MYOOORRKES1T0O0W17N.....N...E..W.....J..E..R...S..E...Y. .S.A. L2E7S0OPFaFrkICAEv)e......................................................................................................221152--952531--34260401 PITTSBURGH. PENNSYLVANIA 15220............. . . . P'kway Center. 875 Greentree Rd.............. 412-922-5700 ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 53105............................. SAN FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA 94106............. . .. 10 ...22 South Brentwood Blvd.........................314-7264)324 Battery SL ............................................. 415-982-1360 ' SEATTLE. WASHINGTON TULSA. OKLAHOMA 7 4 9 8 1 1 8 ......................... U 4 ................................ . . . .4726 ..2901 Rainier South Ave_ South.........................206-723-8660 Harvard................................ 918-742-5524 Ai illa Pen Am erica Eastern A RG E N TIN A ------------------- B R A Z IL .._........... ......... C AN A O A ________ ___ ____ C A R IB B E A N ............... .... C E N T R A L A M E R IC A _______ C H IL E ..................... I... C O L O M B IA _______________ Inion Carbide Inter-America. Inc.. Buenos Aires Inion Carbide do Brasil S. A.. Sao Paulo. Rio da Janeiro In,on Carbide Canada Ltd.. Calgary. Lachine (P.Q.). Toronto. Vancouver. Winnipeg Inion Carbide Inter-Amenca. Inc.. San Juan. Puerto Rico Imon Carbide Inter-Amenca. Inc.. Panama City. Panama Inion Carbide Comercial Chile Ltd.. Santiago non Carbide Colombia. S. A.. Bogota '^ M E X IC O _________________ PERU ............................ Union Carbide Inter-America. Inc.. Lima V E N E Z U E L A .................... Union Carbide d e X r*iu e la . C. A., Caracas W EST E R N H E M IS P H E R E __ Union Carbide Inter-Amenca. Inc.. New York. N. Y. A U ST R A L IA ........ ........... Union Carbide Australia Ltd.. Sydney. N. S. W. H O N G KONG .................. Union Carbide A sia Ltd.. H ong Kong IN O IA ........................... Union Carbide India Ud.. Calcutta. Bombay. Madras. New ueim NEW ZEALAN D ....... ....... Union Carbide New Zealand (Pty) Ltd.. Auckland P A K IST A N ........... ..... .... National Carbon Co. (Pakistan) Ltd.. Karachi P H IL IP P IN E S ____________ Union Ceroide Philippines Inc.. Manila SIN G A P O R E __________-- __Union Carbide Singapore Ltd.. Singapore Europe ''^.M iddle East, and florin Alnca A frico A U S T R IA .......... ............ Union Carbide Austria Ges. mbH.. Vienna B E L G IU M ....................... Union Carbide Belgium N. V.. Brussels F R A N C E ........................ Union Carbide Europe s.a.. Succursale Franaise. Puteaux-Pans G E R M A N Y ....... ...... ...... Union Carbide Deutschland. GmbH. Dsseldorf ITALY ........................... Union Carbide Italia S.p.A.. Milan M IO O L E EAST ................ Union Carbide Middle East Ltd.. Athens. Greece N E T H E R L A N D S .......... .... Union Carbide Belgium N. V.. Amsterdam S C A N D IN A V IA .......... ..... Union Carbide Norden A.B.. Stockholm. Sweden S P A IN .................- ....... - Union Carbide Iberica S. A.. Madnd SW IT ZE R LA N D ... .... ...... Union Carbide Europe s.a.. Geneva U N IT E D K IN C O O M .......... Union Carbide U. K. Limited. London. Manchester. Rickmansworth: England A F R IC A (EAST) .. AFRICA (SOUTH) Union Carbide Afnca Ltd.. Nairobi. Kenya Union Carbide Soutn Alnca (Pty) Ltd.. Johannesburg. Capetown. Durban; Republic ol South Alnca