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TO: J.A. Ruffing P. DeVries M. Brown M. McEachern C. Ciccarello FROM: J.B. Harrison G. Katz A. Tvbus S, Werner L. Fabrizio R. Gazda M/A 2289 JBH:sg December 2, 1974 A. Heuer R. Fine W.J. Wetzel M. Soble H. Kaster J. Mitzner R.J.Abramowitz R, Katherine D.S. Rosenberg D. Scholes I SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS MEETING IN NEW YORK CITY, OCT, 31-NOV. 1, 1974 ON VINYL CHLORIDE___________________ __ The following are my notes taken from attendance at the Society of Plastics Engineers Vinyl Chloride meeting at the Americana Hotel in New York City on Oct. 31-Nov.l, 1974: HIGHLIGHTS Particularly key items brought out in the numerous technical presentations at this meet ing appear to me to be as follows: a. R. Fleming (Air Products Co.) the keynote speaker, was very positive that, in order to meet the current OSHA standard (1 ppm), one hundred percent wearing of masks will be required. b. Dr. Paul Lobo, Technical Director of TENNECO, stressed the importance of try ing to reduce the free VC in the stripper. Their Burlington, N.J. plant pro duces copolymer, and they have successfully reduced the free VC level in copolymer from a previous 200 ppm down to 0-20 ppm. c. R. Fleming in discussing the current OSHA law, says that OSHA could grant waivers to a manufacturing site, if it so desired, after the Jan. 1st date. However, he said that no one knows whether waivers will be granted. d. G. McCowin (Food Drug Administration) said that heavy scrutiny would now be given to PVC polymers used in food packaging to determine how much free VC gets into the food. He further said that ultimately the FDA will have to make a decision as to what regulation it must make. e. G. Schweitzer (EPA) said that an EPA standard will be forthcoming in 2-6 months which will instruct industry as to how much free VC they will be permitted to put out into the environment. He said that he expected that the level probably would be in the vicinity of 90 parts per billion at the fence line. f. It appears to me, from listening to the numerous discussions and comments from the speakers, that OSHA is not going to permit employers to rely soley on auto matic area monitoring with continuous instruments. Rather, there will be a permanent requirement on employers to carry out individual personnel monitoring OCC 1574 Society of Plastics Engineers Meeting Page 2. M/A 2289 JBH:sg Dec. 2, 1974 g. Essentially all companies are highly interested in going to continuous recording instruments in their plants, unless they are convinced they have a non-regulated area. Essentially all these companies felt that gas chromatography was the preferred way to go. VC accuracy down to 10 parts per billion appears quite feasible, h. Paul A. Wilke, Jr. (Wilks Scientific Corp.) talked on his MIRAN infrared units. He stressed that they were extremely useful for leak-testing in the plant. He allowed that they were not as free from interferences as gas chromatography. i. Byron A, Denenberg (MDA Scientific, Inc.) presented a very interesting and very new instrument based on a chemical impregnated paper tape. Sensitiv ity was 10 ppb. Cost of the instrument was relatively lower than other types. Interferences are only unsaturated chlorocarbons (trichlor, perchlor, etc.). j. Ronald Voisard (Scott Aviation) gave a full'rundown on gas mask technology. There appears to be a great deal of confusion in this area however, it is going to be resolved fast. He said that in general, a full face mask will have a tenfold permissible level as compared with a half face mask. GENERAL NOTES In general the speakers followed closely with the program (see attached). The following general notes were taken and pretty much followed sequentially the order of the program: 1* KEYNOTE ADDRESS, "What is the Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) Problem?" Richard Fleming, Vice President, Chemicals Group, Air Products Chemicals,Inc. Manufacturing areas with less than 0.5 ppm are exempt from some, but not all, of the aspects of the standard. There will be a field enforcement manual (not prepared yet) for OSHA field inspectors to indicate to them how they should interpret the standard. There are numerous inconsistencies in th-e standard of Oct. 4, 1974. If ordered to meet the inconsistent standard, manufacturers will have to require one hundred percent of time wearing a mask by their personnel. Satisfactory masks to meet the standard are not available at this time. A certain percentage of the population does not have proper pulmonary function to wear masks. There are numerous problems associated with masks to the worker: vision, discomfort, psychological effects, falling hazards, leakage, breathing dead air, etc. There is a possibility of a court "stay" against the Jan. 1, 1975 kick-off date as a standard. In general R. Fleming was verypessi mistic about the future. He believes that the companies will try to meet the standard and stay in business, particularly because of the political implications upon companies attempting to go out of business. Fleming pointed out that a good part of the pess imism stems from the fact that other government agencies still must decide intheir areas (EPA, FDA, etc.). R. Fleming's final conclusion was: unless prompt relief from the law is achieved, severe economic dislocations are going to occur. OCC 1575 Society of Plastics Engineers Meeting Page 3. M/A 2289 JBH:sg Dec. 2, 1974 2. "VCM and PVC Resin Manufacture" Dr. Paul Lobo (Technical Director of TENNECO Chemicals, Inc.) Dr. Lobo discussed the possibilities of leaving a bigger heel in a tank car in order to avoid need for a compressor for monomer transfers (compressors are a source of leakage). He said many VC`manufacturers will accept the heel back and build it into their accounting system. He recommended the use of canned pumps. He said that the TENNECO plant at Pasadena is being constructed in such a way as to prevent build-up of polymer on the walls. Dr. Lobo spent considerable time discussing the importance and also ways and means of lowering the free VC in the finished polymer. He pointed out that the technology to do this also prevents VC from blowing out to the environ ment which he considered of paramount importance. The TENNECO Burlington, N.J. plant manufactures copolymer and normally produced a copolymer with 200 ppm of VC in it. They have been,for some time, working on ways to reduce the copolymer content and now are in the 0-20 ppm range. A chart, presented by Dr. Lobo, showed numerous samples with 0 ppms in the finished product. Generally, he said, this was accomplished in the stripper. The finished copolymer, with low free monomer in it, is achieved gen erally at some cost in higher color and also some porosity change which may have an impact on the processor and will require him to change his processing techniques. * 3. "VCM From Resin Shipment Through Fabrication" Rodney P, Becker (PVC Applications S Technical Service Manager) Frederick A. Sacks (Applications Engineer Plastics Division, Diamond Shamrock Chemical Co.) Fred Sacks discussed laboratory work studying the propensity of resin to give off vinyl chloride which will then accumulate in dead air spaces, particularly as a function of time. Resin (for example in a silo) will reach an equilibrium level with dead air above the resin in the silo after about 72 hours. Levels of 1,200 ppm were reached in the dead air space. In dead storage pellets of VC still had not reached equilibrium after 30 days, however, in the case of pellets the equilibrium level of VC was very low 50-100 ppm. Rodney Becker discussed the presence of VC in dead air spaces in fabricating operations employing PVC. He presented the position that in general fabricators with normal ventilation improvements should be able to keep their operations below the action level. He discussed the need for vacuum on high intensity mixers to prevent the VC from getting into the room. He pointed out that in ware housing conditions generally dead air spaces exist, and that good ventilation and equilibration throughout the entire warehouse does not occur. The VC being heavy tends to hang in the dead air spaces so that near a stack of pallets of resin high levels of free VC may occur. At a question and answer session Dick Fleming was asked if employee (i.e. union em ployees) have any legal authority to ask for an extension to keep a plant running while engineering improvements are being built in. Fleming answered that they do not. He said that 0SHA can grant waivers to a site if it so desires, but at this time no one knows whether a waiver of this type would be considered by OSHA. 4. "VCM--The FDA Viewpoint" Gerard L. McCowin, (Assistant to Director Div. of Food and Color Additives. FDA) Since 1958 by U.S. law any food additive must be proved safe by a company prior to OCC 1576 Society of Plastics Engineers Meeting Page 4. M/A 2289 JBH:sg Dec. 2, 1974 adding it to food directly or indirectly (i.e. via a food wrap). There have been certain exceptions, that is the so-called GRAS list (these are gener ally recognized as safe materials). Originally, many years ago, PVC, acetate copolymer, and vinylidene chloride copolymer were approved as safe for food use, largely on the basis of low solubility in food media. Current date, however, indicates that VC does get into food (including aqueous, acidic, and fatty foods). Is vinyl chloride carcinogenic when ingested? No one knows. However, Professor Maltoni of Italy is now doing feeding studies using olive oil as a carrier. Ultimately the FDA will have to make a decision as to what regulation it must make. There is no knowledge right now as to the timing of the Federal Register proposal by the FDA. In a question and answer session afterwards, G. McGowin indicated that the FDA might re quire food wrap plastics to have no more than 1 ppm'free monomer in the food wrap. Also, potable water pipe might be required not to exceed 10 ppm free monomer. S. "VCM--The EPA Viewpoint" LUNCHEON SPEAKER Glenn E. Schweitzer,(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Mr. Schweitzer informed the group that EPA standards would be forthcoming in a Feder al Register publication within the next 2-6 months. The air emission standards will be based on best available control technology, with an expectation that plants must cut emissions by at least 75%. He said that t#hey were estimating that capital cost to ac complish this would probably increase resin cost by 4%. He expected that the final standard would issue about one year after the initial publication in the Federal Register. Installation time would then be somewhere between 3 and 24 months thereafter. Assum ing all this is correct it would seem that the final EPA installation is going to be 24-36 months from now for a plant. Schweitzer said that the EPA had not decided on the maximum permissable level which could go outside a plant fence line, but that he expected it would be in the vicinity of 90 parts per billion maximum. EPA will do its own monitoring with its own personnel on plant. EPA also would be developing its own standards for drinking-water facilities, concern ing PVC pipe and also concerning PVC reservoir liners. Regarding effluent guidelines to water systems, the EPA will probably change the existing BOD/COD standards, and convert them to ppm VC. Schweitzer was extremely critical of industry and felt that industry to date had done a poor job regarding monomer to the environment. He said that even in the absence of U.S. Government standards industry should immediately now do everything it can to cut emissions. He further said that if industry is putting out chemicals to the neighborhood, that industry may have to consider medical surveillance of neighborhood people. QCC 1577 Society of Plastics Engineers Meeting Page 5. M/A 2289 JBH:sg Dec. 2, 1974 In general he was quite critical and caustic and suggested that the current vinyl chloride problem was a lesson to both the government and to industry as to how NOT to handle a problem,and that it was an example of allowing things to get too late. Schweitzer said that the EPA felt that it would cost a plant about 1-3 million dol lars per plant to depollute the plant (EPA-wise). (Industry people I talked with indicated they felt this was far too low.) In answer to a question regarding levels of VC that EPA was finding in surrounding neighborhoods, Schweitzer said that they were finding VC levels in the vicinity of 3-30 parts per million. 6. TELEPHONE DISCUSSION WITH OSHA PERSONNEL IN WASHINGTON, D.C. A group telephone discussion was set up with 3 OSHA personnel in Washington, D.C. includ ing Grover Rinn. The Washington, D.C. OSHA personnel were answering questions given to them by telephone by 2 personnel from the VC confere'nce in the Americana Hotel. Questions were supplied in written form from the audience, were screened by a screening team, then passed on to the 2 personnel on the podium who then carried out the telephone conversation. The course of this phone meeting took about 1 1/2 hours, and the following questions were raised, discussed, and answered by the Washington, D.C. personnel: a. QUESTION: If part of a manufacturing plant is greater than 5 ppm, but no one is normally there, is it a regulated area? ANSWER: If people are occasionally in the area, it will be a regula ted area. b. QUESTION: Is there an official OSHA analytical procedure (i.e. the NIOSH carbon tube, carbon disulfide g.c. procedure)? ANSWER: No. Choice of analytical procedure is up to the employer. c. QUESTION: Is continuous automatic monitoring sufficient to replace personnel monitoring? ANSWER: NIOSH/OSHA prefer personnel sampling, however, the employer may use any other method if it provides a good method for simulating employee exposure. The burden of proof here will be on the employer. d. QUESTION: Is there a level of residual VC in finished polymer for which labeling will not be necessary? ANSWER: No. We have no data to exempt any level of free VC from the labeling requirement. e. QUESTION: What detection mechanism does OSHA consider adequate for plant operation considering that the charcoal tube is too slow, and too late particularly with regard to the 15 minute TWA? OCC 1578 Society of Plastics Engineers Meeting Page 6. M/A 2289 JBH:sg Dec. 2, 1974 ANSWER: The statistical approach is the only one we have and is burdensome. OSHA has no other approach to offer. f. QUESTION: Must the medical records of persons working in an exposed VC area move with the employee when he leaves and goes to a new employer? ANSWER: Yes, if the second employer uses him in a regulated area. g. QUESTION: If the employee goes from a regulated area (in company A) to a non-regulated area (in company B), does company B have to maintain medical records? ANSWER: No. SPEAKER: Dr. Frank M. Zado Dr. J.O. Rasmuson, "Monitoring Methods for VCM at Western Electric" (Western Electric Research Center) Western Electric felt they had to develop their own procedures for monitoring their plants. They do not manufacture monomer or PVC, however, they handle PVC and compounds of PVC in large quantities particularly in connection with wire and cable. Frank Zado was responsible for development of gas chromatography procedures for study ing individual problem areas in plants and also automatic g.c. for remote continuous monitoring. Successful g.c. procedures were developed with a sensitivity of 0.015 ppm. The instrument was portable and was made from commercially available equipment, and was modified by Western Electric personnel. It is very adaptable to measuring other pol lutants. Among other things, the Zado Western Electric approach used 2 parallel chromatographic columns with one constantly being backflushed and purged with inert gas, thereby providing maximum reliability of instrument. Also, they added a novel twist in that a "breath-sampling cylinder" device could be tied directly into the instrument. J. Rasmuson spoke on his work concerning development of methods in the sub parts per billion range for VC. By means of a trapping/concentration technique extreme sensitiv ity was developed. A concentration factor greater than 1,000 was developed by a trapped/ carbon tube method. The g.c. procedure was thereby made sensitive to 0.1 ppb. Detector was a mass spectrometer 62-10M, which the speaker said was much superior to a flame-ioni zation detector. Accuracy was plus or minus 10% over a range 1 ppb-10 ppm. Cost of the entire setup was $5,000. SPEAKER: R. Lanchester (American Can Co.) Mr. Lanchester discussed procedures for studying presence of free VC in can linings. A Hewlitt-Packard gas chromatography unit was used with a flame ionization detector. Can linings were sampled by solvent extraction procedure to disolve the lining. The solvent was then injected into the g.c. No free VC was found in any of the many can linings studied. OCC 1579 Society of Plastics Engineers Meeting Page 7. M/A 2289 JBHrsg Dec. 2, 1974 SPEAKER: Paul Wilke (Wilks Scientific Corp.) Mr. Wilke discussed the infrared MIRAN I and MIRAN II units and their use in working with the current VC problem in plants. Sensivity was said to be down to,0.2 ppm. In discussing the infrared units as compared with g.c., Mr. Wilke declared that g.c. is more specific and less subject to interferences. However, he felt the infrared, since it gives an instantaneous reading, is particularly useful as a leak-testing instrument in a plant. SPEAKER: Byron Denenberg, "A Continuous Monitor for VC Monomer, Based on Impregnated Paper Tape" (MDA Scientific, Inc.) Mr. Denenberg presented quite an interesting discussion of the MDA paper tape instru ment. Originally developed for TDI (and MDI) the method is now actively being developed as a paper tape instrument for use in the continual monitoring of VC. Sensitivity goes down to 0.01 ppm. Instrument is relatively inexpensive with the sensor itself in the vicinity of $3,000. A total continuous monitoring unit for a plant with 30 point pickup is said to cost about $13,000. There are some significant interferences, but they are entirely and only unsaturated chlorocarbons (trichloro ethylene, perchloroethylene, vinylidene chloride, etc.). There are no other interfer ences. Vinyl acetate, for example, does not interfere. An interesting sidelight was a personnel monitor, a cassette that a man would wear in his shirt pocket, the tape from which would be removed at the end of his shift and could be immediately developed to show the profile of the man's exposure during his entire shift, SPEAKER: P. Ketter, Supervisor of Analytical Chemistry (TENNECO) Mr. Ketter discussed personnel monitoring by, the g.c, method. He presented data show ing that the Federal Government charcoal tubes/carbon disulfide procedure is subject to a number of errors. Therefore, at TENNECO, they have gone to other types of g.c. procedures eliminating the carbon disulfide, and have developed a more accurate method based on a teflon bag. A question and answer panel now took place regarding analytical procedures. Questions and answers were as follows: a. QUESTION: Is the bag system for personnel monitoring approved? ANSWER: We do not know. Ask OSHA. b. QUESTION: (to Dr. Zado) Will Western Electric market their g.c. analysis method? ANSWER: We are forbidden by law to manufacture and sell equipment of this type. We will be happy to enter into discussion with anyone on. it. ANSWER: OCC 1580 Society of Plastics Engineers Meeting Page 8. M/A 2289 JBH:sg Dec. 2, 1974 d. QUESTION: (to Mr. Denenberg) Is there a time-lapse on the paper tape VC procedure? (We had heard there was a 10 minute time lapse on the paper tape procedure for TDI,) ANSWER: On VC the time delay is 3 minutes between the pickup on the tape and the print out. On MDI/TDI the time delay is 10 minutes. e. QUESTION: (to Mr. Wilke) Can you increase the sensitivity of your method by pressuring the gas of the cell? ANSWER: Yes, you can increase its sensitivity tenfold by going to ten atmospheres in the cell. f. QUESTION: (to Mr. Rasmuson) Can the Western Electric VC procedure be set up for continuous monitoring? ANSWER: g. QUESTION: Yes. (to Mr. Denenberg) Can you develop a device that will act as a personnel monitor warning device for an operator when he is in the presence of greater than S ppm VC? ANSWER: We have developed a "mini guard" which is only for hydrogen sul fide so far. For VC we are developing a mini guard. We are right now 6-9 months away from completion. h. QUESTION: (to Mr. Denenberg) Can an MDA paper tape instrument purchased for TDI also be used for VC? ANSWER: The 7,000 TDI instrument is convertible, but it must be recalibra ted. Conversion is not feasible for day-to-day changes. SPEAKER: D. Daubert (ICI) Mr. Daubert gave a talk concerning VC in the health status in Europe. The approach of the Europeon countries toward the VC problem is quite variant depending on the country. Most countries have current regulations in the vicinity of 50 ppm. One country, Norway, has suspended all production of resin. Mr. Daubert feels that Europe will not go to the present strict U.S. OSHA level unless these levels really appear feasible. SPEAKER: R. Voisard, Mgr. Distributor Development 5 Tech Service (Scott Aviation, Division of ATO, Inc.) ^ Mr. Voisard gave a detailed breakdown of the present state of the art on gas masks and airline respirators. He described that there is a good deal of confusion because a number of masks described in the OSHA Federal Register regulation simply do not exist at the present, and in fact, Scott Aviation feels some of them will not be manufactured. Further adding to the confusion is the fact that both NIOSH and the Bureau of Mines must give approval. Of particular interest was Mr. Voisard's statement that in general a full face mask will have approximately a tenfold concentration permissible as compared with a half face mask. Society of Plastics Engineers Meeting Page 9. M/A 2289 JBIIrsg Dec. 2, 1974 SPEAKER: K. Oelske, Production Manager (DOW) Mr. Oelske gave a detailed and professional portrayal of good engineering procedures in working with VC monomer in a plant. Dow has done detailed studies on the exposures to their employees in various plant jobs and in general find that highest exposures are received by tank car loaders and laboratory samplers. He gave specific recommen dations for various plant operations including the following: Tank Car Loading a. Purge all unloading lines back into the process. b. Put magnetic level gauges on tank cars. Recommendations for Laboratory Personnel a. Better fume hoods. b. Close the loop on the sampling system with purging ability so that lab samples may be fed back into the process. Recommendations for Maintenance Personnel a. Set up purging back into the process on pumps, heat exchangers, reboilers, etc. b. Use of the Chemtrol pump for liquid VC transfer. c. Use of centrifical compressors instead of reciprocating compressors. d. Total elimination of compressors. e. Use of portable breathing air cylinders conveniently located on portable carts for maintenance workers. attachment cc: J.B. Harrison OCC 1582 f KID A r\ Nf.j'v'L IV! h Jilt 1, 19/4 7 A.) a. tu. m idSTRA MON - linpu,;,iJ l oyer, 2nd Tlnur r' jSUJiWG SESSION ANALYTICAL DEVICES & METHODS f-Tudei ator -- Dr, (>< odd J, 1 fan felt 1 45 a.m. "Moni roi mg Ambient Vinyl Chloride with In- fr,,n J Amily/erW f\m! \ Will .r. h\, ft't \r./ent n-'f.'U S. tt.verv U'th\ \ Siientitie Cotpotation Ah,ii,ict: VCM hdb a char animistic iuhaied '.puctrum. Thgs, widi Mi' TirSy lir^ ln; 11 se!rt.live filter infiamd annly/r rs equip pit! with Umt) pjlh atismplion rills, it can he delected in l'S i aimer j iivt,' ,nd mea'-med quantitatively in the low parts per rnitt.ofi r.-jnrj,'. Thu1 mhjred uieihodhas high speciticity, provides n - ji !y in' t.m t.n i"i is mm:.....men Is and The equipment is simple, r* [lurum u minimum of service and mnmlenance. Both portable ant! loiitinuoiis, multisample point infrnied VCM analyzers will Eh1 rlr'.c-ritu d, 9:15 a.m. "A Continuous Monitor for Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Based Upon an Impregnated, Paper Tar*-" Hvrou A. Detnuherg, Vtce-Pn\iilent Ml). I St ienttjiInc. Abstract: A sel t-cont.ened, specific, low cost, semi -portable, eontifiijMijs monitor for VCM has been developed. Model 7070 r> bas'd upon t Jit* use of an impregnated paper tape, supplied m eonvi-nlt ril ujsst.'Ues which produces a color reaction when ex po,' d ,o VCM. Continuous recording and both audio and visual ahurr.s a re mcorponder] into ihe basic design. The monitor and the t ufoi reactions will be discussed. 9:45 a.m. "VCM -- What to Expect During an OSHA In spection" Otto White, Jr., Regional Indushial Hygienist U.S. Department of labor Ot eupaiioiial Sa}rf r and Health Athuhthiraiion Ane y ork, A. Y. Abstract: An m depth view of the typical procedures utilized dunng an OSHA inspection to determine compliance to the Vinyl ChEonde Standard, 29 CFR I910.93q. Discussion in cludes. recognition and identification of potential vinyl chloride soilin''., leview of vmyl diloridir monitoring progiam and reroids, evaluation of contiol methods used to limit airborne concentration of vinyl chloride, assessment of respiratory pro tection program and extent of employees knowledge in relation to exposures in excess of the standard and observation of mom ten ing. 10:15 a.m. Coffee Break 10:30 a.m. IV 15 a.m. PANEL SESSION: Dhatwioti of {ptesttons rela tive to rCM: Sample (blleefton and analysis. "VCM -- Current European Status" fSpeaker to he announced} LUNCHEON -- Imperial Ballroom 8 I f iH> *' V ..i 1 I, s;1 / 1 l At tlhnoon : 'c - r: i: c i iy.-; DEVICES fi i i'liU,O.'i IP-.i/A MU1'] Moder.Poi. PavtJ II !u.? (' w/.ii On r.i> 1.-] I 1 __ ______t Co.' "Re spiratui y Pro feet Ion VmyT Cm Monomer" &L-^dc> ktitiaUl Wnwtd, j\I:;r. Pr.it.-hj tn* Developnimt J)oo S. ieth. Stniei S(off Aiulrnn, Dtridnn r^'l i (K hie, Li This pafif'i will ch'.ru'.s tfie |'ji.i|..iM'TrrTTipiirriTirnti ri'J. iive to the tirieii^'iicy lempnruiv Strind..rd and lise Perma nent Standard by OSHA on VCM. Mr. Vmsmd wiH discuss the degrees of protection afforded by the various lypes of respira tors, the tradc-off associated with i-dcfi, the equipment service ability and costs. 2:00 p.m. "Respiratory Protective Devices and Protective Clothing Used in Areas of VCM Manufacture" Karl Oelfke, Peoihtcfion Manager How Chemical U.S.A. Abstract: Mr. Oelfk will discuss information on Engineering Controls and Manufacturing Practices in both production of VCM and copolymeis of vinyl chloride. He will describe possi ble areas of VCM exposure and the protective clothing and/or respiratory ryotoctfon needed in these areas. Advantages and disadvantages of the different types of projection wili be cov ered. 2:30 p.m. "Protective Techniques for VCM in Mixing and Extruding Operations" D). AJai/rn e Oherji, Senior Staff Industrial Hvgtrnist * /A l: l u \ iro mm n tal Si ' s ft uns Abstract: A variety of manufacturing facilities using PVC resins were surveyed for airborne concentration of VCM. Results of this survey were presented for boll* lab and l3ige scale opera tions and include stomge, handling, mixing, and extruding. This paper deals with corrective measures and attempts to answer: What is available today? What is being used? How long does it last ? Whal docs it cost ? ; 3:00 p.m. "Controlling ancf Reducing Monomer Content in PVC Formulations Through Advanced Com pounding Techniques" ; Ronald A dams. Chief I'ni^ineer ' Winter t* ijleiderer Corpora(hut Abstract: Mr. Adams will discuss methods of reducing VCM con tent in both rigid and plastici/nd PVC formulations through ad vanced compounding techniques. An analysis of typical PVC formulations will lie made defining all processing stages where monomer might be set free, including pte-blending, melt com pounding, pelletizing, pullet drying, conveying, storage and re mitting during final conversion. The possibility''of eliminating VCM by thermal or auto-catalytic decomposition wilt be dis cussed. 3:30 p.m. Summary Highlights of the Conference Dr. Daniels. Di<ler Keller and Heckman, Wadmi^ton, D.C. Extra Paper "Vinyl Chloride Analysis in PVC Processing Plants" Paul A. Ketterer, (Aottp leader Analytical t/Vvuieco C 'hc tn/1 ah. Inc. Mr. Ketterer will he on the Panel Uuhiv, lO JOa./n. \ K. ; THE j [PROCESSORS' PERSPECTIVE l i OCTOBER 31 - NOVEMBER 1, 1974 THURSDAY - FRIDAY ,T iwran IANT HI-'Tt'C EV; R ScO..' WHY YOU SHOULD ATTEND Hn? D^pnilmc"* oi l ahor, Occupation if Solely and Health Ad* mtrmiradmi (OSHA). Ini'- (imposed new standards lo limit ex po, jre to vinyl chfnitde nin'iomn (VCMK This regulation is of r o u'!' rn in plants m umf.K tur miij VCM and/or polyvinyl chloride tTVC? ntn-t- f4-int-. which (Hocey; PVC into compounds und/of Libr i^otf'd ptoducP, Trio n^ulahon has been d* vis*'d ir* ord'n to Lout exposure to VCM, os if Si.is neon suspected of boimj linked to tin; uicuHnca of angiosarcoma. Oilier governmental agencies, vich os the Environmentjt Protection Agency (CPA) find the Fond oiiif Drug Administration (FDA) .tie also interested in tbs p ohS'-in. THe Sneedy of Plastics Engined s, tnc. bos scheduled .1 Iwo Toy technical conference m Older to disseminate informa* t on iHattvp to the new regulation, empbastemg the effect on rise PVC proressor This RETEC will feature........... -- . tl.L*l__YCM situation relative to its effect on e_nip Ir i y f111 heal 111. A summmy of OSH A. FDA amt EPA regulations, current and prnnnvd. E*p!.m.jlion <>f what the I'uulatmns mean to producers, p^f, `".'.ni*. and users of vmyl plashc products. Analytical devices r.nti methods of detection and mootlnrmq. Pn Md pvf. < f Mjipne nt. Proc^ssrnfj lerlmhum's In minmii/n VCM exposure. Analysis cd future nreds. Edm atmnal divihiys pertinent to He1 inchmeal papers. EDUCATIONAL DISPLAYS - Vei-aiilles Tnirace Hours: Thursday, Oct. 31 -- KLOCTa.m. - 12:15 p.m. 2:00 p.m. -- 6:00 p.m. Friday, Nov. 1 -- 10:00 n.m. -- 12:15 p.m. 2:00 p.m.-- 4:00 p.m. Muhne of the f fluralfonaf Displays will consist of companies vii laying t puipm nt for the detection of VCM, protective cnmprnrnt I mm VCM exposure, as well as consulring, nngmfMi'i'i and tin.1ylual services rclePvc to VCM, Detection epuiprent includes spot and continuous anafy^ais hosed on y.is rliromuTorji a; >hy, inb reed ant# cn lor ime trie technique1;. For bn iher in for mat ton, contact E. J. Wick son, Exxon Cf inn leal Co. P.O. Pox 5JG, Linden, NJ. G703G, (201) 474-21G2. WEDNESDAY EVENING - OCTOBER 30, 1974 6 -- 9 p.m. REGISTRATION, Regency Foyer, 3rd Floor IHUii' . o ii': i.m :jt, !.>/: i1st.i, i 7:30 ii.m. R- I /i.itio-i -- Ingn'ti.il Fnyur, 2nd Floor MORNING SESSION - ES IV l! USD IMG A PERSPECTIVE 8:45 a.m. Welcnmn nnrl Introduction -Iiiviji ii. 1I, [>*:'!!. Hotco Chemical Dir., It*.A*. <<)' C A' f'u. i'n \iilcttl Palisades Section. .S'/*/: 9:00 a.m. Keynote AeUircns: "What is ihe Vinyl Chlor i ide Monomer (VCM) Problem ?'* ______________________ ml I 'lrmitiL'. Vice-President. Chemicals Croup A ir Protlucls (hemicats. Inc. Altstract: Mr. FUg-ning will piitMtnl an op-to-date overview of the VCM problem, particularly as it relates lo the concerns of the piocrssors and fabricators for woiki>r protection. He will discuss vnrtous key issues leading to the development of Ihe OSHA Standard now in eflect and ibe polymer producers' re sponsibility to workers and custom"is. 9:30 a.m. "VCM and PVC Resin Manufacture" at n iinoon I UN 2-00 p.m. "VCI7I - The EPA V pnn-l" (deitii/'. Siiin'ci.", i < ` '> Ojti. e of Sod S-ih. !-.-i, - i I'.S. Cmhroiimenr.d h 'lection 1 W,Islington. DA Abstract: Mr. Scliwcit^et pi * ni.'i. rn wii: i ni:livirM-s reiaiive to VCM. It aim sii-'tild |-r vi what industiy siionld now be lining or planer.ig to controf VCM as a pollul-inl. 7:30 p.m.----------"VCM- mpr'inr.' (Icr.irdl. 'ft fiiii i' . 1 vu. i." to Division ol /-'.>/,n:.i C, lor i.,' , ioo,i ami lit up ,\,h; ir,;i,:l., >i .11 It'iit/nne/jgi, D.C. Abstract: Cuireiit mvofviifin'nl by FDA, wU l> with actions taken oi ptralmg. Tin-, will itn 'in-i- .; tlie foot) Additives Rugui.;lions tit"'/ 11 I- i ' 1 > and wliat they ii'guiie o! yie proc .'m analvtica[. device*; f, mi 1 hod . r.i CPA ruiit in:n in order hlnrait. % O Uo Or. Paul i.obo. Croup Director, Organics ct Pohmcrs Dirision h'micro Chemicals, Inc. Abstract: VCM and PVC resin nnmuf.ic luring processes are re- Moderator: Dt. GV/. / / ,l. '! * t> ff. \ ntrt'vUn f*t /' 1 ,bWVf.,v f 'r.' ' ^TeweTf^ancT rofaterl lo "TfitrtlrgrinrTTTTivof kwTrxposgre m the pest and present. Additionally, information on the VCM lewd in 3 00 p.m. J'Dptt*rniinafij>i of Vinyl h1- -filV resins as shipped to processors will be discussed. 10:00 a.m. "VCM From Resin Shipment Through Fab rication" lio,liter becl, tr. Malinger. Ml 'C Applica tions A lechnicnl Sent, c I r, ,1crick .1. Sinks. Applications Engineer I'lasiics Division Dinmoiul Shamrock Chemi, aI Or. Abstract: Tim results of VCM delt-iinitiation al compomuliny and tabricatini) Ofietatious in prciressms* plants will lie detailed. Operations most likely to need close supervision will be des cribed. Methods for ntirttmtiinij worker exposure wilt be stirj- ! jested. This paper should lie in! orpin live especially for those wishing lo upgrade their tinders landing ol the complicated technology involved in the processing stage of articles based on PVC. 10:30 a.m. Coffee Break Moderator: Dr, f.rwh fi. ti'cisfrld I ire l'rcsitl, in and Scientific Director Cincinnati Milacron Chemicals, Inc. hr, Wn/xiy :/ /: n. h. < v- . ' jU f' trtii&ni of // h:J. i ./#'< - v rrhfn //lr/rr Sr* i k - //nw'fs/AlL (hniiii nf T; ,:!v i\ f<`r ..... V fO.Stfj f )ti, t'.t- f/ Abstract: Tbi*? nirthnij !iy f OS 11 !- I VCM m woi Htr is i fl,.-;ut,S(*i,f. A ir fmt i rE.. . iiv> rnnn is dmwn thtntnTji a ti rin'.>ti' : . and tin1 vinyl rhloiidr jn trap|>*d. i n ** ,r chforat^ i ^ rj- * it >i I )'! f fre^a llii* ;.h,,i: .'* --1' / and i'. aihsi tjunnily tfnb rtwinijrj bv r*.< fmvr ^ 3:30 p.n. "Monitoring fborh 1r>r VCm 1 !>,. V. Itr, t t) , \i\'\U'ri%*ilxctru' t\ 'r .-in'i : Abstract: Vmyl cltloim tVCMf i rin:</ii' ? <' plrnes a* W^slrm El'srjfjic ran I t' :i h ' nidb'tl VC annly^nr, in:.trum (.(Ml chinmntOfTraph r(|inp(^,d wifh a II. n nnii. roulrol niodij'i' laovnh^h cofvilulib i k?t ,"i: atli'ndrrj 0|icialmii, Tin? bii;r'fy alin- nt < . i * t.; ; i -1 t-f `\ r 1>V 10:45 a.m. Continuation of: "VCM From ftesin Ship ment Tlirough Fabrication" 11:15 a.m. "VCM - The OSHA Standard and Its Inter pretation" f.S'pi al er to he announced) OSHA will discuss the background leading lo Ihe standard in existence aitcr October 5, 1074. What is the current standard? Who is aflccted and how? Ongoing arid future activities by OSHA in this area will lie included as much as possible. viffes inicHricMcc lrn'1 iLc.i.ifri-n'i "i ''' ' from fi'ss than 0.1 rnau In cv* r ,r. m ,\ i> j - mnasur+'nii'Ols, il tlnsu -t!, i i n 'ly la, 4:00p.m. "Ar:alyTA for V/^LT in I VC 1 . i and Exlr^cl.lnl'',, hfn /. Sti>* ' h> i. M -i i Ct nfrtrf 4r,tJ: t'\ J/)i7'\ /U>stract: Tho ejas riu one f1 rn's; *'* uc rn* turn Of VCM in PVC coeiijkm ? .: 1 t , brim in crmMcl wilh F|i !it>[I PVC 1 .r! . r- 12:15 p.m. LUNCHEON -- Imperial Ballroom 8 Guest Speaker: John H. Myers,President SPE General Manager, Research & Development Delaware Plastics Division Container Coip. of America piVparalvon of slantf ii+Sj.md rf" mThe problems of r.(msit|^ify amt ....... iff i Lunos i>f (Ictcclion uni' pn::-n in f id ex I rac toots. _j .. :30 p.m. -- 6:00 p.m. Industry Ri'c^ptioii - 0^ ,f : Vcnailln Ballroom