Document xzjExadd1OoY9pBx9KR7o7Lr6

BOELTER EV.10VME.\TALC0\ji'LT.iAT> Corporate Office O Hare Corporate Center ! JtV Hisgin* Road June .VI fart. Ridie, II MXVrj-frr; FAN Regional Office Chicago FIBER RELEASE STUDY INDUSTRIAL FITTINGS MAKING GASKETS WITH A BALL PEEN HAMMER November 5, 1996 BAI Project S1418A-4602 .CMcgcMCMCMcoc'JcocO'tr in tn in in to n tu TABLE OF CONTENTS EASE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................. _ Objectives ............................................................................................................... ~ Background ............................................................................................................. Sample Results ..................................................................................................... 1 i i 1 METHODOLOGY..................................................... PCM Sampling Procedure......................... Personal Samples ...................................... Average Room Air Samples ..................... Background Air Samples for TEM Analysis Background Air Samples for PCM Analysis Light Microscopy Analysis ......................... Electron Microscopy Analysis ................... Statistical Comparisons.............................. Laboratory Accreditation ........................... DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS ................................ Isolation Test Chamber............................. Background Sampling Results................... Selection of Fittings.................................... Gasket Making Test Method ..................... Sampling Results During Test................... CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................................. 9 APPENDICES A Compilation Spreadsheets and Graphs - TESTING RESULTS B - Compilation Spreadsheets and Graphs PRE-TEST BACKGROUND RESULTS C - PCM Laboratory Reports - D - TEM Laboratory Reports E - Original Photographs FIBER RELEASE STUDY INDUSTRIAL FITTINGS MAKING GASKETS WITH A BALL PEEN HAMMER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Obiectives Th^purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of fibers in the air while gaskets were made from stock material with a ball peen hammer. Background The study was performed using intact flanges from industrial fittings. The fittings and flanges had been in service many years and were obtained from a decommissioned power house. The study was conducted in an isolation chamber to eliminate outside influences. The study was conducted at the rate of one (1) gasket per hour over an 8*hour period. The study was conducted on November 1,1996 by Mr. Fred Boelter. This report presents the results of the study described herein. Sample Results All samples measured concentrations of fibers in air well below the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USDOL-OSHA) 8 hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc). Sample results are presented in the accompanying tables. Fiber Release Study - Industrial Fmings/Makmg Gaskets with a Ball Peen Hammer November5, 1996 Page 2 METHODOLOGY PCM Sampling Procedure Sanjples were collected and analyzed following NIOSH Method 7400. Air was drawn through a 25mm. conductive cowl cassette with a 0.8 micron mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter for collecting airborne particulate. The cassette was connected to a dedicated Giiian servo-drive pump. The pump was used to maintain a flow rate of two (2) liters per minute (Ipm) for both personal and area room air samples. ' A Brooks rotameter was used to calibrate the pumps prior to and post sample collection. The rotameter was calibrated against a primary standard. The samples were sealed, labeled and shipped to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were signed by BEC, placed in a UPS shipping envelope, sealed, tracked by UPS. and arrived at the laboratory by next day air. Personal Samples Personal samples were collected by attaching the cassette in the breathing zone of the individual performing the work for the duration of the test. The sampling pump was worn on the individual's belt. Average Room Air Samples The isolation chamber was subdivided into 3.600 one cubic foot (1ft3) modules. For purposes of identification, each module was assigned a discrete, consecutive number. To determine the average room air concentration, eight (8) of the modules were selected using a random number generator. A sample cassette was located in the center of the respective module for the duration of the test. Background Air Samples for TEM Analysis Prior to conducting the test, the room was sampled to verify cleanliness. Five (5) samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) following AHERA Protocol. Just prior to collecting the samples, a "leaf blower" was utilized to aggressively disturb the isolation chamber's interior surfaces. Air was drawn through a 25mm, conductive cowl cassette with a 0.8 micron mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter for collecting airborne fibers. The cassette was connected to a dedicated Gast high volume pump. The pump was used to maintain a flow rate of 10 liters per minute (Ipm). - ~' A BGI rotameter was used to calibrate the pumps prior to ana post sample collection The rotameter was calibrated against a primary standard. Fiber Release Study - Industrial Fittings/Making Gaskets with a Ball Peen Hammer Novembers. 1996 Page 3 The samples were sealed, labeled and shipped to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were signed by BEC, placed in a UPS shipping envelope, sealed, tracked by UPS. and arrived at the laboratory by next day air. Background Air Samples for PCM Analysis Simultaneous with collecting the five (5) samples for analysis by AHERA Protocol, three (3) additional air samples were collected in accordance with NIOSH 7400 for PCM analysis "on-site" in the BEC office. The same analytical procedures were followed in the BEC office as were used in the laboratory. An Olympus Model CH-2 phase contrast microscope was used for the BEC analyses. Light MigrosgQpy,Analysis Samples were analyzed in accordance with NIOSH Method 7400. Total fiber counts were determined by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) in accordance with the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, Fourth Edition, dated 8/15/94, A Rules. Values for PCM analysis are provided in the Appendix A and Appendix B spreadsheets. Only fibers longer than 5 microns which have a length to width ratio equal to or greater than 3:1 are counted. PCM analysis counts all fibers meeting the specified dimensions. The analysis is not specific for asbestos but is the method specified to be used in the OSHA regulations. The PCM laboratory reports are presented in Appendix C. Electron Microscopy Analysis _ AHERA Protocol transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed on all background samples to verify the cleanliness of the isolation chamber prior to beginning the test. The sample analysis was performed as described in the Federal Register Vol. 52. No. 210, the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA Protocol). Small squares were cut from each filter, processed appropriately, placed onto 200 mesh .copper screens (grids) and transferred to a modified Jaffe Wick Washer containing acetone solvent. After the appropriate processing time, the grids were examined with a JEOL 1200EX or 100CX TEM. Grid openings from each sample were scanned at 20.000X. When fibers or structures of various shapes were encountered, they were assessed for morphological characteristics and crystalline structure with selected area electron Diffraction (SAED). The TEM laboratory reports are-presented imAppendix D. ` Statistical Comparisons '' Data was formatted in spreadsheets for analysis. Statistical functions were performed including maximum, average, minimum, sta.noard deviation, ana variance. * Fiber Release Study Industrial Fittings/Making Gaskets witn a Ball Peen Hammer November 5, 1996 Page 4 The spreadsheets in Appendices A and B present the data and summarize the statistical analyses performed. Laboratory Accreditation Thersamples were shipped to and analyzed by R. J. Lee Group. Inc. in their Monroeville. Pennsylvania laboratory. R. J. Lee is accredited for TEM analysis by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) as Lab #101208. R. J. Lee is also accredited for PCM analysis by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) as Lab #8204. Fiber Release Study - Industrial Fittings/Making Gaskets with a Ball Peen Hammer November5. 1996 Page 5 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS Isolation Test Chamber T-'i'i-ty.-was performed in the Boelter Ei.vi.onmental Consultants' (EEC's) Isolation Test Chamber. The chamber is 20 feet wide by 20 feet deep and is 9 feet in height. The chamber was constructed of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting to physically separate the activity being tested from outside of the chamber influences. The chamber is shown in Figure 1. STAGING AREA d ACCESS LOCK (526 sqfi.) i| < NORTH SECONDARY BARRIER 1128 sq.ft.) The chamber was a static environment. FIGURE 1 BEC iIsolation Test Chamber During the test, there was no air movement into the chamber and there was no air movement out of the chamber. During cleaning, the room was ventilated with HEPA filtered air. Entry into the chamber was only through an access airlock. Background Sampling Results Prior to conducting any tests, the isolation chamber was systematically cleaned, Following the cleaning, a series of background samples were analyzed from five (5) area sampling locations in accordance with AHERA protocol. Background samples were collected under "aggressive" conditions with analysis by TEM in accordance with AHERA Protocol. Results of the Pre-Test Background sampling are shown in the following table: STATISTICAL FUNCTION Aggressive Air TEM (s/mm2) . Background - MAXIMUM AVERAGE MINIMUM STAND. DEV VARIANCE COUNT 50.3 168 84 16 8 280 9 5 The levels met the AHERA Clearance Criteria of an average of less than seventy structures per millimeter squared (<70 s/mm2).for the 5 samples and the room was considered clean. Results are'shown'in the spreadsheet presented in Appendix B Selection of Fittings Four (4) finings with a total of eight (8i flanges were selected for making caskets with a ca:i peen hammer. Fittings which were selected for the test were as shown in the followma table: " Fiber Release Study - Industrial Fittings/Making Gaskets with a Ball Peen Hammer Novembers. 1996 Page 6 HOUR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 FITTING / FLANGE h:i'i 29A 29B 17B 17A 7A 7B 10E 10D TABLE 1 FITTINGS SELECTED FLANGE GASKET GASKET DIAMETER OUTSIDE (in.) DIAMETER INSIDE DIAMETER (in.) (in.) 9 6 9-16 4 1/4 85 3 1/8 10 7 5/B 5 1/8 10 1/16 7 3>A 5 9 V16 6 i/i6 3 15/16 9 6 i/4 4 9 6 3/4 3 7/6 9 vi 6 6 7/8 4 GASKET BOLT HOLE QUANTITY 8 .4 8 8 8 8 8 6 All fittings were obtained by Mr. Boelter from a decommissioned power house.' All fittings had intact gaskets and flanges and were carefully cleaned prior to being used in the test/ Gasket Making Test Method A work bench and hoist was placed in the center of the test chamber. The eight (8) fittings selected for the test (See Table I) were all placed in the isolation chamber. Personal and average room air samplers were started prior to beginning the testing. The samplers were stopped after completion of the testing. Testing started at about 8:00am and was concluded at about 5:00pm (Test cycle"). There was about a one hour break starting at about 12 noon. During the testing, no one left or entered the isolation chamber. Each hour during the test cycle, one of the eight fittings was positioned in the center of the room on the work bench ("cycle event"). 'Each of the eight cycle events were essentially the same. During the hourly cycle event, similar procedures were followed as described in Table II: The decommissioned pow_er house_was located in Peoria. Illinois. -- ' The fittings were carefully Dlasted with glass beads to remove surface corrosion ruS;. oa.nt insulation, etc The gasKets were left intact. A light coat of clear facauer was soray aooneo to the fitting after cleaning to prevent rusting. The edge of the fiance was rnaskeo z" curing spraying to protect the gasket I! not removed, the surface corrosion, rust ca r: ar.c insulation wouio have interferes with the analysis. Tne flanges usee for Gasket makinc nac tne original gaskets removed in prior tests. The flanges were cieaneo onor ;c us.-ng :ne~ as a case ior making gaskets ' Fiber Release Study Industrial Fittings/Making Gaskets with a Ball Peen Hammer November 5. 1996 Page 7 STEP i 2 3 4 5 5 TABLE II TYPICAL HOURLY CYCLE EVENT ACTIVITY Cutting ct stock gasKct material Separate flange Shaping'of gasket material at center portion Shaping of gasket material at Dolt holes Completed gasket Tigmen bolts to 60 tt. lb. PHOTO 1 2 3 4 '5 6 Thumbnail photographs depicting the various steps described in Table II follow beiow. Full size photographs are presented the Appendix E. PHOTO 1 Cutting gasket PHOTO 2 - Separated flange. material. Fitting #1QD is shown. PHOTO 4 Shaping the gasket. PHOTO 5 Completed gasket. PHOTO 6 - Tighten bolts. Fating #17B is shown. Fitting #7B is shown. Fitting #7A is shown. Sampling Results Purina Test _ Results of 8-Hpur Time-Weiqhted Average Permissible Exposure Limit sampling are: STATISTICAL FUNCTION MAXIMUM average MINIMUM stand dev VARIANCE COUNT PCM Analysis by NlOSH 700 (Total f/cc) - Personal Samples- - Average Room Air - 0 052 0 045 0 036 0 0C7 0 000 2 0.046 0 040 0 030 0 006 0.000 8 Fiber Release Study - Industrial Fittings/Making Gaskets with a Ball Peen Hammer November5. 1996 Page 8 All sample results show the concentrations to be well below the current OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit of 0.1 f/cc as sampled over an 8-hour time-weignted average period of time. Refer also to Figure 2 for a graphical presentation of the air sample results. Figure 2 Graphical presentation of the air sample results. The Appendix A spreadsheets and charts present and depict the results of the testing in detail. * m Fiber Release Study - Industrial Fittings/Making Gaskets with a Ball Peen Hammer November5, 1996 Page 9 CONCLUSIONS Gaskets were made at the rate of one (1) per hour. Eight (8) room air samples and two (2) personal samples were collected during the processing. All sample results show the airborne concentrations o. fibers to be well below the current OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit of 0.1 f/cc as sampled over an 8 hour time weighted average period of time. . Respectfully submitted, ' BOELTER ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS Frederick W. Boelter, CIH, PE, DEE, OEP Reviewed by, ,cih/ Gary N. Crawford, Enclosures F*\APPSvWP5\EXPERT.WU416XXXX\4602>REPORTS\ui64602.i9P APPENDIX A Compilation Spreadsheets and Graphs TESTING RESULTS oooooooo <mM CnO oo (<r300on (o0o00 o ooo tNf> tA n(D oN O55 |SSSSSSRS00 X oooooooo m8 t8o C*CS (VNNNNNOONN lW l((AANuAN'itAnWtVON) IANA iANANAmNtifA) oO''' tf)PrrvAf-P5 X cr SNVT*OiCA1P0"t(AK*0L0NN =Suom< CO iiSSSSSSSS 55555555 ssssssss <z <z <<<8Ig<II<83|1|gSg5 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0000.0. uj cc -j u <CsL CsDD z t-- uj W t? uh-j O< CO UJ CL ^Nn'TlA^NtOC)^ > UoJ <<<<<<<<<< CL CL rinnnnnnnnn to r> PPPPPPPPPP $ JO3^OX)UXJDJiOX>OJ3CX)CX5CJ3O-QOXtS) EO>00>O0>O >0O 0>OE 0>O >0V >0OE 0>O >0OE >0O>0tE) ZZZZZZZZZZZZ accOonsdcOnos. socnOos.ccOosaeicOvatancoOasnscaoO:ivacOvtsQacoO?ac*nvOecoctOe.t:conVsl CDCSOOCDCDCDCSffiCCSCD mmI a. i i 11 f *XPE*r\1M4>t( fmESTINGWBI * ?%,i Personal 8 hr-TWA GARLOCK GASKET - "INDUSTRIAL Test #3 --Bati Peen Hammer ms a rS e 0) II UJ o 3 O V. *-C CO Vi a 2i ECO O 3 pC 6 3 J- s 12 !|-s la -c jS Eg 2 i S O0.4 aJs5 ?s o XI *r E S]lS = e"" 2 to JfSl>) JJjOL E re ft< CO e> jlJ < eo noe.. fO < EZ3 '5--| < 1 5 :__I " CO h*- CD tn>~ CO cm O O O O O OO lAIOd Aq (oon IBloi) VMl-MM 8 o Random Area * APPENDIX B Compilation Spreadsheets and Graphs PRE-TEST BACKGROUND RESULTS PRE-ACTIVITY BACKGROUND TESTING RESULTS Coltec IndusUies/Garlock Packing BAI Project #1418A-4600 > tco z UJ CO CNI Z< o E Xf- SsCO CO UJ < fr E E n o tVn <inS CO ID CD CO CO tO 10 ^ ^ ro co o' cd ' to tD of to Of to O to M to o T-- I- CN UJ ID 5 S2= D_i w< >O UJ ql rU-J <o Ul ;J UJ <^ CO zo t<- oo UJ -J a. UJ 0. 2 <co UJ o: -J UJ 0. CD 22 <D CO Z CO UI-J UI-J <Q a. UJ CD 2 D Z oort oon oow oon o5 ooooo ooooo o n to n n a. UJ f- Z 5 UJ UJ 5 UJ z z CO CO $55< UJ < UJ < UJ < UJ < z z a: a: a: o: < < < < < 03 CD CN CO id o s m CD ID CD CO CO CO to aC>D cCnO CO cr> CaOs a_ u u u o u u O OO O O O O o 6o 6 o o 6 to o n to to to to > UJ UJ Do oz z t<c-o * * BACKGROUND TESTS - OCT 25,1996 BAI Project 1418A-4600 TEM AHERA (Aggressive) i| j| j| | PCM 7400 (Aggressive) (lAIOd) oo/i Oi oo K <0 lO ^ CO CCMM v; o o o o d o "7" CM Ui c ,S I K c I 90 V il I 8s 3 | 1 5 3fi ro: lg Ui rg -a: Ui H* Ul S? ! o h-T oo_ CO ooo . . oO - ooor _ iff M1 CO oo_ CM* ooe_ - o T" (Y83 HV IAI3JL) Z^JUJ/s hU 4* APPENDIX C PCM Laboratory Reports APPENDIX D TEM Laboratory Reports Test Report T o ta l Asbestos S tructure C oncentration T E M A I I ICRA A n a lysis Project A T I(610828 Z sC O' g t/i tn C vo O tn wo e^ w S 8 8 IV 1 d V d o V d V 1 *$?<.. oe 00 m . 45. * . 'v U f\ v d d v> d*:d Vi V V VV o o_i em c S> V'V)' g 8 8* *8 2w8 cr, ev "o = - *5 ST IS ee ao ae oc < a (A C < ee 9k e r. c u rl 1 _ -I sj s cl 5 C < 51 %9^e v'9CC*'. c vC t9Or>v c t9n* Pc c: 2 < Z I 85S8 JS V 8 8 g 8 8 e c* r-. r"> ro > m Oi s Vf0^CO. V. oc vo ro*c"> u-> Or*C> vn omc VoOo fO V0r^O0j y trj *- I 3.* -- fNI vo r- = sc s; e sac y* e**\ **> f***. * 3 2 r\j xxx * rvC- r- t/o ro r(No rr*"i r4 r7 or g dS Vu) mt r,< I `lA 0vegs ' til V*i2 11 M 2 a J j' 2 5 00 05 J9 9 tuo ~6 yI/; V 9 Vs s* 8 "S 9 < 0o<--r CVg- 9 *A Ueo </> s9 s (5 9 -B U n9C^ O cw 25 'C _ *2 3'C u-i 5 cs: - ~ eo< ji " 2 jy _ 8=5 1 "y S? s APPENDIX E Original Photographs LU -Photo 1Cutting of stock gasket material. -Photo 2Separated flange. Fitting #10D is show.nr C ;COiTECJ>m.phOTO 3Pi m -Photo 3Shaping of gasket material at center portion. Fitting #10D is shown. -Photo 4Shaping gasket material at bolt -holes.-- Fitting- #17B is shown. : '.COI-E~P"'bhOTC 3P2 r ;01TEC\Ph.P*OTC 3P3