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Inter Office Environmental and Safety Engineering November 26, 1973 Mr. R. L. Gealer cc: G. F. Bush P. E. Toth You may want to obtain the material on asbestos and health. I have not written in for it. If you in fact send for it, I would appreciate seeing it. Q John U. Damian Vehicle Noise Programs Manager > i Attachment .a HFM - 002230 8000 1386 EOM SCF-FORD-1136 Vol. 7, No. 47--November 19. 1973 I PUBLICATIONS: Page 8 ! c/ ( I Ml'ACT Analyzing environmental impacts likely to result froir proposed projects is a task more and more companies will face as federal and state rules tightun. !Vo experts have written a handbook on the basics of preparing environmental impact statements. In their "Primer on Environmental Impact Statements," Frank Cross, an engineer with Roy F. Weston, Inc., and Ronald n.irbaro, private environmental consultant, go from legislative review to detailed samples of data In various types of EIS. Separate chapters cover the busies of evaluating impacts of air, water, solid waste, noise and marine pollution. 140 pages, 32 tables and 45 illustrative figures. Tcchnomic Publishing Co., 265 W. State, Westport, Conn. 06880; $20. NOISE The American Petroleum -- Institute has a manual-- 111 pagos--to help industrial companies ovaluatc and control operating noisos. "Guidelines for Noise," from tho API, 1801 K St., N.W., Washington, O.C. $5. WATER LAW From a series of regional workshops and a national seminar, the Water Pollution Control Federation compiled key comments, questions, answers on the 1972 Fedora! Water Pollution Control Act. 100 pages. $4 to members of NPCF, $8 to others-from WPCF, 3900 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, DC 20016. STRIP MINING In ISO pages, the Natl. CoalAssn, published 12 papers from the 30 presented in March at the NCA symposium on mined-land reclamation. They report on problems and solutions in restoring strip-mined land. Authors aro company executives, state and federal experts. Photos, tables and graphs are liberally used. NCA, 1130 17th St., N.W., Washington 20036. Single copies free. LAWS SUMMARY Publication has begun of a seven-chapter compilation of tho legal authority under which HPA operates. Solid Waste and Noise are tho first two chaptors available. Others will be General, Air, Water, Pesticides and Radiation. The Government Printing OTfice has tho work under Stork No. 5500-0065. HYDROLOGY "Principles of Hydrology" is a reprint of a 720 page text by Prof. Donald M. Gray of tho II. of Saskatchewan In Canada. Its 21 sections und 218 figuies arc largely technical handbook mutter for practitioners and studonts, but some of the definitions, other basics arc worthwhile to laymen interested in hydrology. Canadian d.ita is usod for most examples. Water Info. Qitr., 44 Sintsink Dr. E., Port Washington, N.Y. 11050. $12.50. HEALTH FACTS In "Health Effects of Environmental Pollution" CPA discusses in general terms what the potential health dangers are from air, water, noise and solid wasto pollution. The 24-page pamphlet also touches on odor, pesticides and radiation, and conrocnts on aspects of cancer, birth defects, changes' in heredity. From the U.S. Government Printing Office in Washington, 30f. ,<J4" U.N. PAPERS Some 403 documents were submitted from the nations participating in the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm. Hicy'vo been compiled on paper and microfilm. Free catalog of the documents is available from Unipub, Inc., at P.O. Box 433, New York, NY 10016. ASBESTOS The Asbestos Information Assn, has published an information file on "Asbestos and Health," defining the material, detailing plant workor protection, including medical papers, etc. From AIA, 22 E. 40th St., ) New York, N.Y. 10016. I YOUR DRINKS In a 16-puge para;*let, EPA glvos an informative general picture of where we are and whore we are going in ensuring that drinking water supplies are safe. UPA-Public Affairs, Washington 20460. Free. ABSTRACTS Some 8500 abstracts of water quality literaturo arc in "Water Quality Abstracts," from Pollution Abstracts, Inc. They cover primary sources published from 1970 through 1972. 1000 pages. $49 from PA1, P.O. Box .'369, La .lolla. Cal. 92037. a> o t-* U) 00 ji I randwilornows l <Mni tfiMl Puhltthw Sttmh'v H llutim NnvsCiMiu Iawrvtn %'it KvtU'r 601 t Nv Onlr IIMq Dtirou. Mtchig** 46/01 Washington tdiim th*mU .V lUirnct t\nla f Mvu'r f Awsunli st'u/mr /if Ar/fifi HobniiiJ ti/rka\ Horbtiru <* go.in HFM - 002231 Industrial Hygiene Digest 1-29-74 R. Gealer FYI -- J. U. Damian December 1973 expectation of life may then be similar to those of non-sufferer6. but only through this slowing down. Other data from the study are criticized. The figures might also be explained in terms of the substantial reduction in the manpower of the coal industry 6ince 19S1. If a significant number of those in category A in 1831 left mining, they would have lived longer; the survival rate for category A may thus appear similar to those for leas severe categories, but again the effects of the disease may be disguised. --Cond. from text 1521/73 International Symposium on Dust Explosion Hazards in Mining and Industry. G. Kuhnen. Staub Reinhalt. Luft 32; 32-34, Dec. 1972. 18 refs. Papers from the symposium held October 11-13, 1972 in Karlovy, Czechoslovakia are summarized briefly, c , . - s * -J.F.B. 1322/73 The Locus of Pathogenicity of Asbestos Dust. P. Gross and R.A. Harley. Arch. Environm. Health 27: 240-242, Oct. 1973. 8 refs. Documented experimental evidence, as well as the results of preliminary experiments, are presented which indicate a reduction in pathogenicity as the polyfilamentous arrangement of asbestos dust particles is re placed by a monofilamentous structure. On the basis of this evidence, it is proposed that the locus of patho genicity of asbestos dust particles resides in their polyfilamentous structure. --Authors' abst. 23/73 * Asbestos and Laryngeal Carcinoma. M.L. Newhouse and G. Berry. Lancet 2: 815, Sept. 15. 1973. The mortality experience from carcinoma of the larynx among workers at an asbestos, textile, and cement factory was studied. Among a cohort of over 4000 workers followed since 1933 there have been 2 deaths from this cause: one in a man employed making sections of asbestos cement pipes for 13 months starting In 1939, who died in 1883; the other in a disintegrator employed for 1 month in 1949 and dying 13 years later in 1982. In both jobs there was severe exposure to asbestos dust. The smoking habits of neither man is known but It may be presumed they were smokers, since a survey in 1972 showed approximately 90% of the male workers at this factory did smoke. The observed mortality from cancer of the larynx and of the lung and pleura con trasted with the expected mortality calculated from the rates of foe male papulation of England and Wales was: sure to asbestos, dust.......... ., wmr 't^fca'pf'luig (ICD 162-183) V -/'H Length of exposure Obs. Exp Obs. Exp Less than 2 years in job , , 2_ -More than ,3 years in job , Q' Total' .. ` ,, 2 - There were 2 deaths from cancer of the larynx and foe expected number was only 0.37, but the assod- "|<^'fr<^^mnber >w^e expected pum^pr'^^ttia -stoajrTB ;5'3,^whflSttoe iippfoxiinate relative risk in . foe retrospective Liverpool study may be calculated as 14.5. However, these two values do not differ signif-,/,.\^;. icantly. The 2 deaths reported are of men with short exposures to asbestos, contrasting with cancer of foe lung aand pleura, whereas excess increases with len. / sure,. The^oghort is still being followed and 93. Oct. 1973. ra Coeardhogen.and, with another agent such as cigarette smoking bring on cancer. The mystery that ' most divides scientists is foe reported higher rates of asbestos-belated disease among workers employed in . !v manufacturing and construction .than among a comparably exposed group of workers employed in mining and milling. ' " " " ' ' ' -s .<* - " , '-''"4 ,Con^-^rom HFM- 002232 4000 0849 23 W-OZ Industrial Hygiene Digeat December 1873 1S25/73 Experimental Infective Pneumoconiosis: Effect of Asbestos Dust and Candida albicans Infection on the Lungs of Rheaua Monkeys. S.H. Zaidi, R. Shanker, andR.K.S. Dogra. Environm Res. 6: 274-286, Sept. 1973. 24 refs. '~ The combined effect of Candida albicans, a facultative pathogen in the normal physiological condition in the throat of miners, and amoaite dust produces after intratracheal inoculation extensive collagenous fibrosis at 330 days in rhesus monkeys. The lesions produced by amosite dust alone comprise fine reticulin fibrosis around bronchioles and blood vessels and moderate interstitial fibrosis. The C. albicans infection alone caused acute inflammatory reaction in the early stages while at the termination of experiment (330 days) the only evidence of pulmonary candidiasis was a few small fibrotic foci of compactly arranged reticulin fibers. _ --Authors' abst. 1528/73 The Asbestos Industry Struggles to Comply with a Tough, New Standard. R.J. Snider. Occ. Hazards 35: 87-88. Oct. 1873. Under the OSHA asbestos standard, 8-hour exposure to asbestos dust will drop from the present limit of 5 fibers longer than 5 microns long per cubic centimeter of air to 2 fibers in 1878. The asbestos industry's leading company which operates 55 of the 400 asbestos manufacturing plants In the United States, is already only a whisper away from meeting file 2-fiber standard in most of its plants. "Efforts to meet the standard in advance of the 1978 deadline are vigorously underway in the entire industry," Clifford Scheckler. currently a consultant, told an Occupational Hazards editor. The Asbestos Information Association estimates the asbestos industry will spend $100 million in the next 3 years to meet the OSHA standard. The efforts com bine engineering controls to limit worker exposure to asbestos dust and safety educational programs beamed to asbestos workers and customers. *" J ' *' --Cond. from text 1527/73 Epidemiologic Sut,vUl"ce:'of Mesothelioma ifa CahhdhT1 `A.D.'TflfcDohald dnd'J.CMcDonald.- Can. Med. Assn. J. 109: 359-382, Sept. 1. 1073. 3 refs. . j - - ,v. '< o: The number of fatal malignant mesothelidinas was ksHeftained ItSr the period 1960-70 by contacting all patho logists in Canada. The annual incidence was steady between 1966 and 1970 at 1.4 per million population^ Of 1068- and not previously reported, 66% were pleural. 24% peritoneal and __________ _,, of definite'ir ^rol>abileri^Supational asbesfejs^pobure wta'found In 30% ofmale cases compared^ 11% of controls, but in none of the female cases or controls. However, among cases, four women and one man had hAl^omestlc posure_to posure was in the manufacture of asbestbgto |.otlie%an'those occupationally cir domestical VI, f "j--' ' '^ithin 20 miles df aaSitospi! >' f'Tj1' '' ' --Authors' swnf 'b r. ' 1528/73' "^Sampling and Analytical < Ifttons* for the Health Hazard 'Assessment of Siliceous-Type Dusts J.Leroux, A.B.Dav'ey, and A. Paillard. Staub Reinhalt. Luft32;:. 27-31, Dec. 1972. .8 refs...-jitrAi 1 - ` ..... ........' && P ft-4v^V!v rs ^ ^ ' ' An impioved'itechiiiqiie'of qtiartif anilyuld by x-ray diffraction using silver filters is proposed following a , critical evaluation of the sampler characteristics and of the analytical conditions which should be selected ^ 4- , V'4"; ,3` in prder to' give i eubcutanbously'into guineaplgs? it is also! veity^StStfe .ld`miESh"acid8 as a mixture of acetic and trichloro-1" :s aietld acids' at (>6 < The factor is 'associated with the insoluble debris produced after sonic disintegration mhciophages but'the BbrOgmiicdty'Cannot be attributed to file unreaeted silica associated.with,(his de- ` L '~ traction of the lipids with chloroform: methanol (2: l) does not impair the fibrogenic properties of ipHageresldue1.7.*' ' ';t --Authosg; shat. HFM - 002233 * v-'.: v 24 8000 0850 J . .- ft* *> -r*/ '* ^ "Vi, Vol. 7, No. 49--December 3, 1973 Page 4 Wf' Asbestos fibers are the central issue. Expert government witnesses O included medical researchers generally regarded as among the most noted authorities on the relationships between asbestos exposure and cancer. They presented evidence that concentrations of asbestos-like materials . aarice eoAxvcue|ipbAtivounaaxlxlyy hiiAigghu i1n11 Dvuualuuvthu w*v aaltoear supplies aaunud aaxiar unceaair aSxixlvveerr Banayy*.., i-,' - ! A link between asbestos 'ingestion and cancer occurrence is not positive, m though it's well indicated. Likely the hation's top asbestos effect expert; '' - - ` Dr. Irving Selikoff, said the existence of the fibers in Lake Superior water constitutes a distinct health hazard to the 100,000 residents of the city. '' He said necessary research to prove a link with cancer could not be done 'tVv, until the effects on residents are studied for the next 25 to 30 years, , but he likened the situation to "playing Russian roulette". - - <.-.** ' `c' "-j; RESERVE'S REBUTTAL Reserve is now presenting rebuttal by its experts. / . , r They are arguing that the fibers found in the water.. are not the type of asbestos fibers suspected of relationship to cancer. J/ {<> !' They are also claiming that Reserve is not the sole fiber source--a U. of Wisconsin geologist testified that 27 streams flowing into Lake Superior * carry asbestos-like cummingtonite mineral traces. t . ,? /.SVf.' * On the question of asbestos in the air. Reserve's attorneys pressed <'-*.. government witnesses on the issue of how much inhaling of asbestos fibers -/!' ,-t- can be tolerated without danger to human health. They quizzed Dr. Selikoff, .:''. ..got.admission there is no firm scientific evidence that airborne asbestos - "V IS* Pb' 'Constitutes a health danger in the Silver Bay or Duluth areas. y'-'rjr- PERSONALITIES Both sides have made personal attacks.VtLReservej charged brigSel^lffiAl^PMbTitif&deltdpLg a tallbT-df news conferences to discuss view* during scientific inquiries^ Justice Dept, attorneys, meanwhile, have made somewhat similar attacks, eliciting admissions that some Reserve witnesses get fees for consulting-: and often on work from companies with Interests similar to Re serve',s.f^.^p - ' i- - - , n- ` - : ' ECONOMIC ASPECTS ; ' Still to come are the announcement of results'' jj.*- - : from studies Dr. Selikoff and others are makingt^' SiHt:ifiPA;requests'bf.'material ?fpom,'autOpsieS, ' " - - -...................... .. . discussed publicly before they are presented to , Ax.' Also ahead are economic arguments--consequences of a plant 'shutdown.) Thei-judge,intends to explore these aspects carefullyt Some'dozen groups-'*'TM chambers of commerce, etc., are intervenors for Reserve. Their view:, ^Closing the mine and plant ht Silver BSy would be ruinouSi.'tSome-rfiguiresj eiblbyffl^ilt 29S3i/darning j48ittilIiehi! .................. ... ,, . 'r'W'C ,, ____ _i&__o_t_tb_i_f_ii_c argu_m__e_n__ts W__iJ__ __ -Mtinal phase of thl long case. | iaihtiffistates have petitioned, tb hoyfe Reserve's parent tompkrtife&L*'L<s3&iH cbliM ..... TCStS NEW YORK'S WSfLANDS LAW Criminal charges are oh fil|<ih Weir York Spate , , a first effort with a wetlands protection lawj| "I;-^v) .j^lt, took effect Sept. 1. Two LOhg Island developers are accused of dredging^a}i;niBiil as part of a housing construction project. . Thespate,says dredge .spoil was used,to fill in some 500 ft. of beachfront ^ iii`'a SOO^-acre tract owned by onb bf the developers.' , v' , v" ! >, t* ' s A The law defines wetlands as land bordering on or beneath tidal waters. Until several hundred thousand acres of estimated wetlands are mapped, the law decrees a moratorium on any building or filling involving them. ' I " .'i* 1 i# +** ** ` - ' %tJk v ^ , u. HFM - 002234 Industrial Hygiene Digest December 1873 1S25/73 Experimental Infective Pneumoconiosis: Effect of Asbestos Dust and Candida albicans Infection on the Lungs of Rhesus Monkeys. S.H. Zaidi, R. Sbanker, and B.K.S. Dogra. Environm. Res. 8 . 274-286. Sept. 1873. 24 refs. ' *~ &'>- 1328/73 The combined effect of Candida albicans. a facultative pathogen in the normal physiological condition in the throat of miners, and amosite dust produces after intratracheal inoculation extensive collagenous fibrosis at 330 days in rhesus monkeys. The lesions produced by amosite dust alone comprise fine reticulin fibrosis around bronchioles and blood vessels and moderate interstitial fibrosis. The C. albicans infection alone caused acute inflammatory reaction in the early stages while at the termination of experiment (330 days) the only evidence of pulmonary candidiasis was a few small fibrotic foci of compactly arranged reticulin fibers. . ,, --Authors' abst. The Asbestos Industry Struggles to Comply with a Tough, New Standard. B.J. Snider. Occ. Hasards 33: 87-88. Oct. 1873. ' ' Under the OSHA asbestos standard, 8-hour exposure to asbestos dust will drop from the present limit of 3 fibers longer than 3 microns long per cubic centimeter of air to 2 fibers in 1878. The asbestos industry's leading company which operates 33 of fits 400 asbestos manufacturing plants in the United States, is already only a whisper away from meeting file 2-fiber standard in mbst of its plants. "Efforts to meet the standard in advance of the 1878 deadline are vigorously underway in the entire industry," Clifford Scheekier, currently s consultant, told an Occupational Hasards editor. ThS Asbestos Information Association estimates file asbestos industry will spend 8100 million in the next 3 years to meet the OSHA standard. The efforts com bine engineering controls to limit worker exposure to asbestos dust and safety educational programs beamed to asbestos workers and customers. ' ->l - --Cond. from text 1327/73 Epidemiologic Surveillance of Mesothelioma In CanadaT 'A.0. McDonald and J.C.rMcDonald. Can. Med. Aaan. J. 109: 339-302, Sept. 1, 1073. 3 refs. " ' - The number cif fatal malignant mesotheliomas was iaderttined for the period 1060-70 fay contacting all patho logists In Canada. The annual incidence was steady between 1068 and 1070 at 1.4 per million population^ Of ., -- - - >rted, 80% were pleural, 24% peritoneal and die i ' __ _________ ___ _ , ___ ______ _ _________ .Ivnitliftttwl uhe^^^jire vu IN ofmue casea`compared' ^ _ 111 of controls, but In none of the female cases ot controls. However, among cases, four women and one \ mtn bad had'dbmestic exposure to dusty clothing ofan atfjtartpa worker*,, .Most of the excess occupational / posure wed hi the manufactory of adbest^r^a^^S^^^tSaCf^1 ^pmnHgnva^'Okin'ilMM eeuii>tlmtlfrver ' ' ' ' 1r ^,'`V* ndu oPestaa ntfei 2'' \ --Authors'sb| 1328/73 ' Sampling and j&alytical Conwlddna* for"'the Health Hazard Assessment of Siliceous-Type Duets. ' J. Leroux. A.B. Davey. and Aj Paillard. Staub Beinhalt. Lull 32:\ 27-31, Dec. 1972.. 6 refa:-;>*> An tmproifed^&chifi^e*oj^uaHi^^ijitffay if-ray diffraction using silver filters is proposed following a critical evaluation of the sampler characteristics and of the analytical conditions which should be selected order to give fullaignlficance tpthe generally accepted TJ.V formula related to 1respirable else dusts. ^"^`"Casee Including urbsnjdr i>ollutlM'whdre~i^ me^^is`applicable are discussed. --Authors' si 1328/7 I suboutanbousiytnj8umes'^|ljiT^i^4ov|i^fjwMeWi!rai< Is ah a mixture of acetic and trichloro- ' ii^etic acids at pH'I. The faettf fajfaab^ated'irltti the insoluble debris produced after sonic disintegration ' TM v"'`'of fiie' macrophages but the fibrdgeniclty'cannot be attributed to the unreacted silica associated with fills ds- faris .Extraction of the lipids wlfii chloroform: methanol (2:1) does not Impair file fibrogenic properties of kealdUh ,-----A4u9t9hoffris#', s-hhsatt;; 't I <. Sj p, <V> HFM- 002235 -V. ;, i.y'A 24 O PO 8004 0018 '