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Officers 1939-1940 General Chairman--D. B. Chant, Ontario Pulp5 & Paper Makers' Safety Assn., Toronto, Orit, Canada. ' r; ' ^ Vice-Chairman in Charge of Membership--Clayton O. Buaatz, Marathon Paper Mills Co, Rothschild, Wis. ' '_ . . Secretaryand Program Committee Chairman--C. O.Holmer, Minnesota & Ontario Paper Co, Minneapolis, Uhm. ATm Letter Editor--D. A. McAlasy, Fraser- Companies, Ltd, Madawaska, Maine. Contest Committee--A. Scott Dowd (Chairman), Fritz Publications, Inc, Chicago, 111. B. D; Rogers, Bud & Son, be. East Walpole; Mass. , F. H. Rosebush, Nelcoosa-Edwards Paper Co, Port Edwards,'Wis. . Data Sheet Committee--R. (L McGivhey (Chairman), Oswego Falls Cbrp, Fulton, K.Y. J. J. Hastings, Port Huron Sulphite & Paper Co, Port Huron, Mich. D. T. Meany, New Brtmswidc International. Paper Co^ DalhOusie, N. B., Canada. James W.Towsen, West Virginia Pulp & Paper Cb,NewYork, N. Y. Engineering-Safe Practices Committee--Arthur Murray (Chairman), Container Corp. of America, Chkago,-HL M. W. Dundore, Beloit Iron Works, Beloit, Wis. n FranosT. Rooney, George Banta Publishing Co, Menasha, Wis. G. R. Vaughan-Evans, Anglo-Newfoundland Development Go, Ltd, Grand Falls, 'Newfoundland- ~ . ^ Health Committee Chairman--Dx. Louis H. Fbechtung, Champion Paper & Fibre Co., Hamilton, Ohio. ; Statistics Committee Chairman--Fred W. Braun, mploy^s)Mutuab, Wausau, Wis. Publicity Committee--Wauq . Strong (Chairman), Menasha Products <Dhr, Marathon Paper Mills Co, Menasha, Wis. A. S. Coos, Quebec Pulp & Paper Safety Assn, Quebec, Canada. M. L Maioien, 401'Pittock: Block, Portland, Ore. Roland W. Richardson; The GanfaerrRiehaxdson Co, Laddand, Ohio./ Safety Instruction Card Committee--R. W. Croucher (ChairmanJ, Minnesota & Ontario Paper Co, International Faflai Minn. fi&uresT AuGtJSiits, The Mead Corp, Chlllicothe, Ohio.. ""G. J. Bienvenu, Gaylord Container Corp, Bogalusa, La. S. H. Brown, Union Bog & Paper Corp, New York, N. Y. H. P. fiEUBNER, The Flintkote Col, New York, N. Y. . Arthur E. Winslow, Hollingsworth & Whitney Co, Waterville, Me. Visual Education Committeer-Juuus A. .'Draper (Chairman), Consolidated Paper Cbrp, Ltd; Grand 'Mere, P. Q, Canada. 0 C Don E. McDowell,.. Kalamazoo Vegetable Parchment Co,rParchment, Kalamazoo County, Midi" ^ ^ ,V D. S- Garber, Hummel & Downing Co, Milwaukee, Wis. v J. R. Latter, Anglo-Canadian Pulp & Paper- Mills, Ltd, Quebec, Canada.. . L. R.Simpson, The Brown Pgper Mill Co,<thc, Monroe, La. * K. G. IIrper, Hawley Pulp & Paper Co, Oregon City, Ore. PastGeneral Chairmen-- ! - George J. Adams, International PaperCo, Glens Falls, N.'Y. Robert M. Altman, Marathon Paper Mills Co, Rothschild, Wis. Kenneth L. Faist, The Champion Paper & Fibre GxpHamiUtm, OhioT . v. - ' 549 o o . <?)- o c? 550 29th National Safety Congress Walter A. Gleason, Hamnieimill Paper Co, Erie, Pa. ; E. E. Grant, The Ciystal TissoeCo,Midd!etown, Ohio'. M. G Hoyman, Kimberly-Clark Corp, Neenah, Wis. G. W..Phillips, The Champion Paper & Fibre Co, Canton, N. C J. J. Plzak, Consolidated Water Power & Paper (Go, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. Samuel Pruyn, Finch, Pruyn & C<, Inc, Glens Falls,. N. Y. S. F. SHATTUCK,"Kimberly-Clark Corp, Neenah, Wis. George E. Williamson, Strathmore Paper Co., Wiest Springfield, Mass, q Officers 1940-1941 General Chairman--D. B. Chant, Ontario Palp & Paper Makers' Safety Assn, Toronto,' Ont, Canada. Vice-Chairman in Charge of Membership--Clayton O. Braatz, Marathon Paper Mills Co,, Rothschild, Wis. ' ' O. Secretary and Program Committee Chairmanr-RoLxko W. Richardson, The Gardner- Richardson Co,Lodcland, Ohio. ; Nevas-Letter Editor--J. F. Berry, AltonJBox Board Ca, Alton, ID. . Contest Committee--A; Scarr Down (Chairman), Fritz Publications, Inc, Chicago, 111. B. D. RoGERS,Eird&Son, Inc, East Walpok^Mass.. - c F. H. Rosebush, Nekoosa-Edwards Paper Co, Pori Edwards, Wis. . Data Sheet Committee--R. G. McGivney (Chairman), Oswego Falls Corp, Fnlfon, N. Y. D. C Brown, Strathmore Paper Co, West Springfield, Mass. . J. J. Hastings, Port Hnron Sulphite & Paper Co, Port Huron, Mich. D. T. Meany, New Brunswick International Paper Qt, Dalhonsie, N. B4 Canada!' B. J. McClosky, Hoberg Paper Milts, Green Bay, Wis. W. B. Place; Kieckhefer Container Co, Delair, N. J. James W. Towsen, West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co, New York,N. Y. % Engbicering-Safe Practices Committee--)uuus A, Draper (Chairman), Consolidated Paper Corp, Ltd, Grand'Mere, P. Q, Canada. o M. W. Dukdore, Beloit Iran Works, Bekrit, Wis. ` James J. Hanks, American Paper &'Ptdp Assn, New York, N. Y. C O. Holmer, Minnesota & Ontario Paper Cb, Minneapolis, Minn. , D. A. McAlary, Fraser Companies, Ltd* Edmtmdston, N. B, Canada. . E. A! Page, Kimberly-Clark Corp, Neenah, Wis. ; ' c . G. R. Vaughan-Evans, Anglo-Newfotmdland Development Co, Ltd; Grand Falls, Newfoundland. .c Health Committee Chairman--Dr. Louis H. Frechtung, Champion Paper & ...Fibre Co,. Hamilton, Ohio. ~ r, Statistics Committee Chaarman--Fred W. Braun, Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis. Publicity Committee--Walter E. Strong (Chairman), Menasha Products Div, Marathon O Paper Mills Co, Menasha,Wis. ' ' - o> - R. P. Almour, Fibreboard Products, Inc, Los Angeles, Calif. J. C Fitzgerald, Bowater's Newfoundland Pulp & Paper, Ltd., Cdhter Brook,-New foundland. . O. R. Hartwig, Crown Zellerbach Corp, Portland,Ore. Safety Instruction Card Committee--R. W. Croucher (Chairman), Minnesota & Ontario Paper Co, International Falls, Minn. Ernest Avcvsiys, The Mead Corp, Cbillicothe, Ohio. G. J. Bienvenu, Gaylord Container Corp^ Bogalnsa, La. H. P. HEUBNER, The Flintkote Ca, New York,N. Y.l? John M. Layin, StCroix Paper Co, Woodland, Maine; > , . C. J. Munk, Racquette River Paper.Cb, Potsdam, N. Y. Arthur E. Winslow, Hollingsworth & Whitney Cb^ Waterville, Maine. Paper and Pulp Secttdn 551 Visual Education Committee--L. R. Simpson (Chairman), The Brown Paper Mill Co., Inc, Monroe^La.A. S. C00K, Quebec Pnlp& Paper Safety Assn; Quebec, Canada. ... D. S.Gakbe*, Hommel & Downing Go, Milwaakee,.Wts. . ' J.W.KwBi^;l^^VortexCd,Ea^i^Pa. v- ]. jLlMTEBi Anglo-CanadianPulp & Payer Mills, Ltd, Quebec, Canada.. Don E. McDowell, Kalamazoo Vegetable. Parchment Co., Parchment, Kalamazoo Coonty.Mich. 4 : B- L. Wool* American' Canting Mills, Inc, Elkhart; Ind. - . Past General Chairmen-- . Geobge J. Adams, International Paper Co., Glens Falls, N. Y. . Robebt M. Altman, Marathon Paper Mills Co, Rothschild,Wis. Kenneth L. FAisr, The Champion Paper & Fibre Co, Hamilton, Ohio. Walts* A. Gleason, Hamroermill Paper Co, Erie, Pa. E. E. GtAwr.The Crystal Tissue Co, Middletown, .Ohio! ' -1 ^ M. G. Hoyman, Kimberly-Clark CorjL, Neenah, Wis. G. W. Praixirs,The Champion Paper & Fibre Co, Canton, N. C J. .J. Plzak, Consolidated Water Power & Paper Co, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. SakueL Ptoyn, Finch, Prtryn & Co, Inc, Qens Falls, N. V. S.P. Srattvck, Kimberly-Clark Corp, Neenah, Wis. Gooice E. Williamson, Strathmore Paper Co, West Springfield, Mass. , . MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION a. October 7,1940 (" ? . The opening session of the Paper and to detail to yon the disturbing elements Pulp tSectkncoqvened with General. Chair which have made thansehres felt with grow man D.tB. . Chaht>'Ontario Ptdp & Paper ing force as the flames'of war rose higher Makers' Safety Association, Toronto, On and higher with each montii since theAt- tario, Canada, presiding.. , lantk Gty Congress. No doubt the months CHAIRMAN CHANT:-1 We are very ahead will.also bringmany-surprises, and glad to see so-many here at this first ses many new and difficult problems to each of sion, We have., an^ old. custom which we US.' have followed for a number of years: that. is, for cachpersxn attending' tins first session To mi^ however, there is smnething. par of oqr Congress to; rise iri'tnra and. intro- ticularly eucourajging in the wsty the.work dbch himself, naming.his company affilia of the. .National Safety Cornual has -been tion. Let ts again follow the enstom this steadily po^bed. forward, daring these, evil year. ' .' -0/ (The.members arose individually and in troduced themselves.) days. With!so;mncb of the world's area. seemingly abandoned to the forces of de struction and violence, the knowledge-that here/ in America thousands. of men and CHAIRMAN CHANT :Asyour General tvomen &re voluntarily giving nhselfishly of Chairman,--1 look back over the; past year thrir time and,efforts fbr tie bdteTOent of with'mingled feelings of satisfaction and re-' -human wdfar^ safety ahdhealtivnmst con giet; satisfactipnbecause of progress' made, stitute ;a sure guarantee that those great and regret over, lost opportunities and fail . democratic-ideals of Gberty and justice, to ure to accocnplish some of the things we ! which your natiohahd Urine are dedicated, had hoped we.might achieve. . . shall forever prevaiVand, come what may, . "Hie year- has not heen. a -normal ooe,* : Ihat ^governmemioh^he^pe^le.iby'tiie'ped'' either.. in -.onrjmdastry xnvrire-.epooomfcjrf :ple, andLifor-tire-people;shall not perish from . of North America. There is no need for me the earth."* 552 29th National Safety Congress (The General Chairman then briefly reviewed the activities of the standing committees of the. Section during the year, and gave to each Committee Chairman some words of praise for his efforts and encotiragement for the future. In closing, he said further): As to what the immediate future holds for us, I would not venture ito prophesy. I do feel mbit strongly, however, that' whatever problems may confront us as a Section, as an industry or in the national or international sense, we need have no fear of the eventual outcome of the. struggle between free democracy and the evil forces now attempting to destroy it, as long as our lib- erties are defended by men and women -in whose 'hearts the pure flame of self-sacrifice and sendee to humanity still dwells The same spirit of mutual assistance, which .has in the past enabled tts to meet the problems of our Section"with marked success, will makerirpossible for us to deal effectively with the larger and more vital questions of national defense aim ensure to ns that peace *>d security which, we all so' earnestly de s`r- The first item on our program consists of two papers on the "Safe Handling of Ma- terials." I will first introduce to you Mr. J. A. Long, of the Bay West Paper Corn- . pany. Green Bay, Wis. ' Safe Handling of Unit Materials. By J. A. LONG Superintendent, Bay West Paper Company, Green Bay, Wfa. No doubt, the reason I was selected to The safe handling.pf materials is taken into discuss this subject is because of the safely 1 consideration with these production require- record established at Bay West Paper Com- tnents. Many converters-like the Bay West party. A record of 39 months without a Paper Company, operate in rented buildings lost time accident has been made-by our' and there isn't always sufficient space tor employees. Wc arc very proud of them for the .safe handling of each material. , . 2. Large mills think very tittle of pur* It is necessary that a brief comparison of chasing proper and expensive equipment a small converting plant like ours be made with which to handle their materials. Small with the larger mill which, I assume, moat plants can seldom afford to buy expensive of you represent. materia] handling equipment to install in a While we are owned by a large mill, the rented building which usually is not laid out Mosinee Paper Mills Company, our opera- ' property fbr such an installation, tions are entirely separate and different We 3. Another comparison is that of labor ex- are converters, and deal only m finished perience--the large mill* usually have cer- paper. Our paper is trucked from Mosinee tain men trained to handle each material (100 miles) to our Green Jay plant in rolls The stockroom men inthe converter's plant -tt is unloaded and stored on our floor for mu8t know the safe method of handling all a few days before it is nm through the con- materials involved. They must know how verting machines into Mosinee-towels, after to handle safely rolls of paper in various `ii* Clther 8h,pp?d or 8tored " a fin* sizes and'weights, how to pile finished cases ished product in freight cars and warehouses, how to store The process , sounds very simple and yet bundles of cartons knocked down, how to we have had our struggle trying to cope handle bales of broke (waste), how to move with accidents, like .any other' mill The heavy machinery--yes, in some instances small mill or converting, plant is not ade- they are experted to be machine operators qnately equipped as a rule to handle mar Xs well. . ^. terials as compared to the large, mill* In '> Fortunately, our mill is constructed fairly my opinion, there are three basic reasons wdl for our operations and during the past for this: few years we have done a lottomakework 1. Large-mills construct their buildings to easier aod. safer. foronr employs and we best tneeMheir production requirements, have found*the experienceprofitable writ. Paper and Pulp Section 553 However, there is right and wrong equip front-roll, immediately the rolls in the see- ment as well as rigbtand wrong methods in ond and third tiers force the. bottom rolls handling unit materials of .any kind and that out and all the .six rolls are soon out of the is my point--the tight equipment for the roll hauler's controL He & forced to leap . job. ' For example; about Seven years ago for a safe spot allowing the rolls to go at our men used planks to triple deck .rolls 40 will inches long, 33 inches in diameter, and We experienced difficulty with six rolls weighing from 500 to 000 pounds, - It took coming, down unexpectedly from time to four men to triple deck each, of these rolls time for quite a few years. Even though it and the method was slow and also unsafe. - wais an infraction of a safety rule not to Many .strains developed from this daily check the blocking on the second roll, the practice. unsafe practice continued. There were many To remedy this situation, we purchased an strained knees, injured legs and considerable. electric lifter at a cost of only $520 which. loss in damaged paper, before the "positive does the job with the help of two men in viable block" was developed. half the time. c Rolls that are triple decked (nested or. Let meTcall your' attention again to the cradled) can very easily be removed safely fact that oiir mill is small We have to be.. from the pile, one at a time; However; this sure that equipment of this kind isn't too' can only be done safely when the second roll large or bulky for our needs, which would - . from the front of the pile is securely discourage its use by our employees. The blocked. When this is done the roll hauler platform, with turned down edges, lowers lia* complete control of the three rolls being to .within one inch of the .floor so that.stock removed. , can be easily rolled onto it in front or from Let us follow the procedure of removing either side directly from the floor surface. a roll from the pile. First the second roll A few years ago one of our men experi enced a hernia when he tried to .tip. a roll onto a two wheel truck. This roD, because of its 33-inch diameter and 40-inch height and Weight of 600 pounds, is hard to tip by a rather small mari; This experience taught, us'to use the lifter for loading these rolls onto two wheel trucks. Now the only time this particular material has to be tipped is when it Is unloaded from ourr. Mosinee trucks. from the front on die floor is blocked, then the roll hauler stands directly in front of the first roll and keeps it from rolling with, one hand, while he knocks the block out. with an iron bar used in the other hand. He then allows the first roll to roll out siowly in a clockwise direction. This movement catpc* the second tier roll to turn in a counter cloekwise direction until it comes to rest on the floor immediately back of the first roll. The roll in the third tier follows down and stops in`the second tier. From After the roll has been placed on the plat; .there it is^foweredjp die floor by the same form and .blocked, it is easily elevated to. the method described above. proper height and rolled onto the pile. It is also-an easy process to remove a roll from the pile with the" aid of the lifter, although the process is much slower than placing a roll on the pile. We do nqtjitse the lifter for removing these rolls fromthe stock pile, because ofinauffident floor space in which Jo operate. Therefore, it is "necessary that -we lower them by removing the blocking. This was a dangerous process and it called for real employee and employer cooperation to remove the hazard. ,y. We use a block which is nothing more than a regular wedge-shaped hard wood b}ock about 7)4 incheslong with a )$-inch iron rod running through its length with a washer and cotter pin to keep the block in place. The other end of the rod is bent at at right angle and is, welded to an iron fl inch pipe 14 inches long. Into the end of this pipe, a $4-inch iron, rod or pipe is inserted, on the end of which .is attache^ a six-inch spring. The other end of the spring is pinned firmly to the lower part of the pipe which , First let Us explain what happens whn pulls* the^rod down into the pipe unfit"'the' these .rolls are lowered Without proper'-" handle brings it to a stop. In order to keep blocking. " * the blocks in a fixed position while it is be If the second roll from the front of the ing handled, the rod. going into the pipe has pile has not been properly blocked, and the a H-inch slot and a pin is then installed roll hauler knocks out the block from the through the pipe and the rod. .' ' O 554 29th National Safety Congress . f-\ The handle of the blocking device is a . trial operation of looe of them nearly caused &-inch iron rod welded horizontally across a serious.accident. the top end of the spring rod. The outside end is bent downward to form a hand grip while the opposite end is also bent slightly downward with a sharpened point This, is the inside end of the handle and it is in* sertcd into the core after the block has been placed under the roll and the tension placed on the spring. If the roll should move slightly the block will be'pulled all the more, firmly into place. However, the greatest feature of this blocking device is the fact . that, it is always visible. Asafety rule pro* hibits the lowering of these rolls, without first having this block in place ' Finally, we dedded to visit stone of our neighboring mills to bee if we could find the answer to our problem. We were happy'to find a truck which is .equippejiwito a special tipping rod with a hand grip, on one end and a curved metal plate tq fit the contour of the roir op the other end. The operator first works the shoe of the truck under the roll, and then tips the roll onto the trade with the aid-of toe pull-rod which is ex tended over toe far side of toe roll, thus giving more leverage to toe pull than when polled from the core or center of the roll Beginning a few years ago, our operations . The turned down handles make it easier demanded the handling of much larger rolls for toe operator to handle it With bis hands than those already described. These rolls, 66 inches long, 33 inches in diameter, and weighing approximately 1,000 pounds, soon had us searching for a trade with which we could move them about bur mill easily and safely. in a natural position away from toe roll These handles alio serve ks an extension so that the operator has better visibility .over the roll when moving forward. The third or rear ballbearing wheel, because-of its central location, allows toe operator a nat- Several* truck manufacturers sent os . oral walk which is essential intbe safe op trades ou trial. Most of them were too eration of this type of trade.. All toe Wheels large and bulky for our little plant The are huge enough to assure easy handling. i' CHAIRMAN CHANT: In the absence of Mr. J. F. Robertson, of the Crown Will amette Paper Company, Camas, Washing ton, I am going to ask Mr. John Roehe, of the National Safety Council Staff to read1 the paper prepared by Mr. Robertson. Mr. Roche complied. Safe Handling of Bulk Materials By J. F. ROBERTSON^. :: Personnel Director, Crown Willamette PaperCo^ Camas, Wash. c> -The responsibility of the management of a mill rests heavily, on a few individuals, The success of a safety program depends on the interest taken by employees in the duties assigned to them by toe foramen and often a foreman has occasion to send a! man to the storeroom for snplies such as .bolts, rope, wire or belting.- Be sura, the measurements taken or tneQanantity .re quirad is correct and avoid waste. However, sub*foramen. the big item of waste in almostany organ- Let us call it planning your tone^and baton is tone lost by lade of supervisory timing your plans. In other words, you run planning. the job, don't let toe job ran you. The . safe handling^ bulk materials un- Every supervisor, foreman or sub-fore* doubtedly presents many problems which man must-have a plan for his own day's are toe direct responsibility of toe foremen activities and must have a plan for the in toe proper planning of work, in a ntnn- woric of each of his men. If we aEaw the her of plants a lot of our raw materials are emergency of toe hour to determine our received in such a manner; as to require course of action, we cannot hope to accom* .. considerable manual labor. It becomes nee- plish definite results on schedule. Very essary* to carry out a wdi thought-out plan O Papci1 atui Pulp Section 555 of job training, for ,unless this is done, it that can readily, be stuck in -the pile around, is practically impossible to avoid accidents the-edge and changed, at any time fay the by the installation of guards; man on the job. "V -Let us concentrate for . a short 'time on the handling and delivering of materials such as hog fuel, lime rock, saltcake and sulphur. I believe that the handling of hog . fwjib from the time it is first received at the mill up to the time ills used out present more problems than any-of the others^men tioned. In a great many instances this fuel Nowj.let us assume that the fuel is. to be delivered directlyto the power plant after some has been delivered to the pile. All safety boards alongside the conveyor over the pile, should be in place to prevent any* thing from failing from the belt. Fuel to be stored in thejhouse is handled in a man ner very similar fe the pile. is received by barge and cannot always be. However, Sometimes it becomes necessary' obtained in'a regular supply so dud it may to supply your power plant with fed from be used without a considerableamountbeing the storage house doe to interruptions in stored either on outside storage piles or in fed. delivery from the source of supply. fuel houses. It Is quite generally recognized The storage house operator may be- in - that work on piles or in a storage house clined' to enter the house toocGg a little is haxardons, , ` - " ^ Perhaps we . should start with the un* loading from the barge. This requires cer tain work to,fae done on or around barges. .It should be the practice never to allow the. operators to perform these "duties atone; in" all cases , when work is being done oh a barge; it should be a role that tbe:'individual be required to wear at all times, a life pre server of a type that is in no way a hinder- ance or cumbersome. fad without taking the necessity precau tions of going overhead-tojiHl his safety boards along the side jot the conveyor. As a means of overcoming this, we have found it advisable to equip our storage house-with an entrance gate, making it necessary for the operator to raise this gate before he enters the house. Connected with this are hinged boards running parallel to the overhead con veyor that .are automatically dropped into place at all times when die house is en tered. This, along with the insistance that From the barge the fad is generally un at no time is an operator allowed to work loaded to a bunker from which it is carried in the storage house alone; has practically to the~storage idle, storage house dr power dimlnated any possible chance of an acci plant fay bdt conveyors. Fad from the dent occurring in this location. . bunkers is carried on an overhead bdt conveyor and is removed from this, con veyor with shear boards, after which, it . must be. distributed over the pile. There (Sxt various methp^s of doing this but I believe -the more general practice is with the use of acaterpiUer. Few hazards deist here if the operator is experienced with . his equipment and uses if as it is intended to be used. i A caterpiller for a hog fuel pile operat Needless to say it is important that the driving mechanism of the conveyor be prop erly guarded. If necessary to cross a con veyor proper,- special places and means should be prodded. One of the outstanding . dangers' Is tint men are.tempted to dean off material that sticks to drams or. pulleys while the conveyor is in motion. Fixed scrapers or brashes should be provided? so it will not be necessary to perform this oper ation by hand. Guards placed directfr in ing it rimes .under the conveyor should be* front of the belt nips are advisable mid the equipped with a. substantial cab to protect rollers under the bdt should never be placed him' from anything that might fell from so near a bracket holding shear boards that the conveyor above. The conveyor . should it ^possible for any object to pass through. also be provided with safety boards along3 (Switches .are anfa&er. important part of"a each side and imfar.tiie abort section removed conveyor system. The fewerstarting switches ' where the fudis being raked from'tlie con tiie better, bat. an emergency stop switch veyor to tbepOe. If;this'is done; mem is should always be provided that may be `slight posnKKty of.aotidents occurring' at, readily- reached. One' of the!, best methods this place; * It has been .found advisable,3 is a cable along the entire length, of the though, see that, at all times'when such conveyor that may eves be reached fay an an operation is carried tin at night the (die employee should be m some manner be should be encircled fay lights strung on poles 'caught in it . - 556 29th National Safety Congress Only workers who are thoroughly acquainted with die dangers involved should be allowed to work on conveyors. New employees should be thoroughly 'instructed by the foremen as to the correct methods of operation, hi spite*of all safeguards which may be installed, accidents will occur un- less workmen are constantly instructed\and warned about the dangers that exist New men should never be permitted to work around equipment merely after .being^instructed. They should always work under the supervision of anr.experienced worker until such time as they become aware of die existing hazards. General Discussion wheel truck mostly for unloading rolls of CHAIRMAN CHANT :*Now we have ah paper. It is not very good, forrexample, if . you have to take yonr rolls out/of the pDev opportunity for discussion of the two papers just presented. Mr. Long, there are one or then take them to the hackstands .of a winder, and then let them down. Yon see, two questions that I would like' to ask yon. there is no way of lowering that roll unless Yon referred to yonr drawing of prizes, or sweepstakes. I would like to ask you if you have these prize drawings monthly? yon have a chain hoistSo we use that trade mostly for unloading, taking the rolls, from die trade and standing them on end in the MR. LONG: That's right We have prize stockpile. drawings each month on the anniversary of the last lost-time accident and it is-a kind of reminder. We build up the cash award ERNEST AUGUSTUS (The Mean Cor poration, Chillicothe, O.): I have never heard ofjthis particular type of three-wheel by starling out with fifty cents: that is,:; trade and I am qtute interested in it Why after there has been an accident the follow ing month die award is fifty cents, the next not have something printed about it in the Safety Exchange section of the National month it is a dollar, the month following . that it is a dopdr-and-a-half, so that it takes them a Iong-'time to build it up to ten dol Safety Newst ^ MR. LONG: i shall be glad-to give them lars, a period of twenty months. While tins any information they would like to have. amount is small, it could easily be worked W. A. GLEASON (Hammermill. Paper out in larger mills by departments. We Lave Co,, Erie, O.): Perhaps Mr. Long will tell found it very successful in our plant. This, us how he gets the rolls down from storage? of course, goes on indefinitely until there has _ been a lost-time accident: On die eleventh of this month, which is this week, we will have gone Oet me knock on wood) forty months without a lost-time accident. MR. LONG: Welt, we take those rSlis and tip them over with the regular type of heavy two-wbed trade, .and then we bring them direr to the backstdnd and putthem in the badcstands witha hoistT" CHAIRMAN CHANT: How many men LYLE PARMENTER (Kimberly Clark de you have in your plant? Corp., Ncenah, Wis.): I didn't notice any MR. LONG: There are about fifty .work foot brake bn the wheels on an ordinary ers in our organization. " two-wheel track. I have seen accidents hap CHAIRMAN CHANT: Do you include pen while yon are tipping a roll over onto the foremen in die prize drawing? Are their such a^track without a foot brake on it names put in with the others? MR LONG: You mean the ordinary twor MR. LONG: Yes, they are. ROLLAND W. RICHARDSON (Gardner-Richardson Co, Lock]and, O.): Mr. Long, do you have any trouble , with men whed truck? Oh, yes^ we have foot brakes bn all of those. MR. PARMENTER: It is always' pos able to block the two feat wheels. having their hands injured' when using a MR LONG: Yes, they do that : two-wheel truck? Have yoii made any Mud of provision whereby their hands are. pro tected? r W. J. COWLES (Commonwealth Edison Company): I am not familiar witirthe han dling of paper,, but did I understand yon- to MR. LONG: No, we have not had that Sty that as regards these extra long rolls experience. We usually have our aisles wide your operator' stands up on top add tilts enough to operate in. We. use this three- those over? Paper and Pulp Section 557 MR. LONG:..They stick a bar in as yon bulk of it coming into the mills with which saw in one of the' pictures that I showed I am familiar--is handled mechanically, you. either dropped from hopper cars or unloaded MR, COWLES: Is tfiere any danger of that bottom dipping-out and the top coming with , a dam-shell and mechanically dumped into piles. .over and hitting the<jieiator`while he is It is a bit unfortunate that Mr. Robertson going through that operation ? , chose to -deal principally with the handling MR. LONG: There is very little danger because there is' a shoe that goes underneath the roll of hog fneL A good many of onr mills do . not use hog fuel I understand it is quite a general practice on the Pacific Coast to use hog fud as principal source of steam; CHAIRMAN CHANT: Has anyone any large <qnantities of it bong used for boiler particular problem'which has been causing fuel. But the sdme hazards that Mr. Robert accidents kt the handling of unit materials? son dealt with in connection with hog fuel MR. GLEASON: In connection with the . Occupational Disease Act, the unloading of bulk sulphur from the box car to the whedbarrow, wheeling it out, do you have any would also apply iiT the handling of other similar bulk materials. Coal, for. example, would be' handled Very much in the .same way in a good many of onr plants, I'm sure;? suction fans, to take care of the extra dust MR. RICHARDSON: I would like to thatarises? /' know what hog ftd is? CHAIRMAN CHANT: Personally I CHAIRMAN CHANT: I believe it is haven't seen the vacuumsystem used hi the wood refuse run through a hog or chipper handling of sulphur from cars; I haVe seen to produce a sort of mixture of chips and it used in the handling of lime,. I see no sawdust that will burn rapidly even though reason why it couldn't be . used in the han- tiie. wood itself is not very dry. Paper and . dling of sulphur, provided, of course that woodpulp mills that are operated in dose the' necessary precautions were taken to conjunction with a'huge sawmill often ob avoid. any sparking which might cause an tain much of their fuel from the wood explosion of shlphnr dust It is not at all refuse supplied by the sawmill. Up in-Gan-- uncommon to see sulphur handled from cars ada-^we are reckless with onr timber re with shovels. In two mills' that l know of sources: we just burn up the slabs in a the snlphur is handled out of- incoming burner outdoors in order to try to modify freight cars by hand, ghovded into barrows onr severe winters, and then we import coal; and wheeled a short distance to a ^dumping ..from Pennsylvania tortmour boilers and ground, and die. men doing that work are "paper dulls. It hasn't occurred to us to use regularly required tdwear respirators of the hog fud.. ' simple nuisance-dust type. K CHAIRMAN CHANT: We will proceed I don't know of any place where a ven- . with the next'item oh our program, which tihting system is bong used! I think per-, is the report by Fred Braun, Chairman of haps the balk of the sulphur--certainly the >, o;rur Sta. tistics* Committee. c- Review of 193<M0 Accident Experience By F. W. BRAUN Vice-President and Chief Engineer, Employers Mutual*,Wausau, Wis., and r-. Chairman, Statistics Committee, Paper and Pulp Section, N. S. C.*I I would like to tell'you that we had* botii; but,last year we'lost some ground., another very successful year in accident pie- 1 According to reports 236 mills' vention, as I didlast year. Each year during,^ and factories which worked. 206^00,000 the pkst thirteen, the? paper industry<ha& hours, during the year, the papa* industry made progress in reducing either the fro- averaged 15.2 injuries per uullion hours quency or severity of injuries, and often worked--no improvement over 1938. The: 558 29th National Safety Congress severity of injuries--day* lost per thousand tinue efforts in less hasardont branches of hours worked;-soared 41 per; cent to lift. the'industry. In the important paper mill Perhaps it was too much to expedt another group our problem Is principally fa news improvement inseverityrates after an aver print and wrapping mills. 1939 rates for age drop of 48 per cent in 1938. Whilewe wrapping mills, for example^averxge 215 had a sharp rise in severityand no change ' for frequency and, 22 for severity.. The in our frequency rate, American industry exposure ..of these two types of mills is as a whole took a step forward by making almost one-half of the total for all paper progress in both injury rates. nulls. Newsprint nulls have made consistent This general improvement means, of- progress fa reducing frequency during the course, that we have fallen behind a little in past six yean but no improvement has been our efforts for a place in the group of low made in severity, o, rate industries. Our 1939 frequency rate pf , Board mills halve the highest injury rates 152 was 28 per cent above the average for fa the industry, averaging 2ft6 fqrfrequency all industries. In 1938 we broke into the. and 4.00 for severity during 1999. tire re group of industries with lower than average* duction of these rates, therefore, would ma-r severity rates, but the large 1939 increase terially improve foe general experience of resulted in a rate 21 per cent higher than'the-, the entire industry! all-industries average. Getting down now to the individual de The analysis of our injury experience, partments the question is, "Which have, the' discloses some facts which I believe are. worst records and, therefore require the helpful. most study and attention?^ Based .on reports It- is unnecessary for us to consider steps - made' to foe National Safety Council, Ioill for-more effective work in small nulls and ' your attention partkrdaHy to the recprds.of factories. Unlike small organizations in employees engaged fa.paper.and board mak some industries, ours have kept pace with 1 ing operations. This isone of the largest de-' their larger neighbors in reducing both frer partments in paper mills;''frequency rates quency and severity. Frequency rates .-have are high averagingabout 22j0;. and s^ver- been somewhat higher in the small organi ity is sharply. higherthanthe-average for zations of die industry but in 1939,,for ex- ' ary other department, bring about 4.0l I be ample, severity rates "averaged lower than in lieve that astndy oftbetircamstances of large plants. accidents would reveal that the"nip hazard . But when we examine the records of dif ferent branches of the industry, such as re- is an outstanding factor fa. foe high severity for.paper boardmalctng. manufacturing plants, paper mills and board The hazards favolvedufa handling and mills, we find die types of mills with sub- ` storing raw materials rabk second in impor stantial safety problems. The industry's ac- tance assbowhby a frequency rate of .40 ddeat rates are determined to a consider and a seyerjty rate of 2L8L Thesafetyprob- able extent by die experience of paper mills. km fa yrard operations, according to our sta The exposure of re-manufacturing plants tistics, takes third. place with. an/^verage. is less than one-fourth of the total for the fnafaiqr ratetof 260and a-severitasate of' entire industry and furthermore, the fre 214. While the severity of injuries m wtijodk^ quency and' severity of injuries in this type room operations is only about ooe-halfNqf) of work are considerably less than in other' the average fa other high-rate department^ brandies. For 1939 re-manufacturing' cs-`. frequrircyaverages 28.0 and, therefore; I be tablishments averaged only 11.6 for fre lieve th^departmerji^warrants special ef quency and 0.9 for severity. I do not infer, forts. .The high-ratedepartments; in order of .that die record of this division is completely their importance, are paper and hoard mak satisfactory. The fact is that frequency; ing, handUng and irtotage of raw materials, rates have not decreased during the post yardjandwoodroom. . four years and during this period severity -There Is room.for improvement in other rates lave gone up in hox surd container brandies of: the indnstry and mdepartments manufacturing. with better experienpe. Manyfactories have rMy purpose is to emphasize sfoere. special. worse than, avma^recorils; in fact their attentiorfis needed in order that we may make injury rates are higher, than those of .many the most progress and at the same time con organizations m more hazsudbusbtahches. Paper and Pulp Section* -559, 1 Paper goods manufacturer*, for example, 'r' Report* showed that efforts to eliminate averaged only M6 toe frequency^hnd 0.44 thedbaxard through mechanlcaKineans were tdtf severity daring 1939.^ Some factories, directed principally at guarding, formulating However, had ritei that were two and three a safer method of ddng -tbe work, and 4 times these averages. <Jn the paper mill changing the arrangement or-design of the group, book and specialty mills lave low equipment or installing safety-devices. rates, averaging 128; for frequency and X5 for'severityAbut frequency ratesaboye 20.0 and severity irate* above 20 are not unusual Therefore vitje most also look to these mills, and factories for the reductions which will help to lower- rates for the industry as a whole. >f Elimination ^pf the 'nip hazard through guarding is a real problem. Numerous state ments1 weremade that a guard was' imprac tical and in othericases existing guards were redesigned and in still others guards were installed tor. the first time. One*third of the injuries due to the nip hazard were charged Manypaper mills and factories,',on the to lack of or inadequate guarding.: . other hand, have achieved jreeords .compar- : Changes in the design, construction, and - able with.thebest in industries withlriw in* arrangement ofrolls, reels and winders were jury rates: The1939 honor roll in "Accident madeless frequently. Improvedgttides, rope Rates in the Paper and Pulp Industry,'* the carriers arid air pipes for Arawfog the paper amfoal statistical publication of the National from one felt to another, foot boards for Safety Council 'gives the namesof some of preventing slipping were.installed. them. . For orie4udf of. the injuries resulting In efforts to find rmswers tb^aome ofcaat., from befog caught fo,a nip; mechanical pre .^eddriri problems and thus help members ventive, measures were principally a safer to achieve low injury rates; officers p;f the methodvof doing the wbrk. Efforts' were ; Paper St Pulp Section have givenconsider made parttndariy to keep employees a safe able timeto developing information'on die' distance from the; nip by providing long- outstanding causes ond drconistancm .of ac-. handled scrapers for certain cleaning opera- ..dderiis in the industry. As far as I know. no tion^ alr for feeding and deaning, hooks -other secfion.has done as modi in tins work. and .spear poles for removing , paper and ; The J939-1940 paper mdnstry.safety contest rubber tipped paddles for feeding sheetsrlntn rutes^rcqnired a. irpwt ym.. the 'details .of the rolls. Reports showed, however; that each accident resulting. inya rcportaMein- dime methods were notentirely effective be . juty.anl I.wanttosommarize some of the cause the hose or scraper was caught in the outstanding facts from a study,f these ret nip and . before the employee released his . ..ports./We' bad *s$lendid cooperation from - hold, his hand or arm-was-drawn in. contestants; tion based on able to present infonnal,000 of\tbese reports. ~ . '' . Other changes in working methods placed . y . ^ still, mote dependence on safe performance . -For,years we havedismissed the niphaz-. by die employee. These were performing aid and strnggkd with dm.problem of dim* cleaning operations frorathe out-running mating it. I do not bdieve that we haye ever side of rolls whenever possible, stopping the had aqy idbblemeasure of the importance rolls on certain equipment for adjusting and of this hazariFin oar injury experience,bat cleaning; tearing paper to a point for. thread* J ' according to this study die mp hazard ac- ing, testing for wrinkles only when the .roll counts for about .10 per,cerit of the injuries. readied a diameter of 8 or 10 indies. Many . Please i remember^- alsp. thatthis.hazard-'i feports^ however, did not: show that' rin- ^stands out particnlariy hr plants participat* proved 'working-methods wereCformniated fog. in the .gontest--a group of leaden in either previous.to pr after.the accidentTre- ' . . safety work . sponsibility foravoidingthe hazard was Theanalysis showed that employee* wen ^ced ratirely;qe^^^^loyee hyjscribing usaallyengagedin perforining-pneof: the three fdQovriag 'dfoies vAen caught in tbev- `'obedience of^isteriedbiiqwfoatteifoon,; care^' ' nip. of; fo^nnuu^';'olliC: were,/first,^ lessness, or unawareness of tbesafepractice threadingOTfeedmg paperinto rods; ;sec- or lade of knowledge or.skQt- '. y. ; ond, deaunag'rolls; thinlychecking tbc-con- Snch personal'causes, however, were fac ditioif of die paper by feelmg forwrinkfcs, tors :fo 80 pin- centofthe injuries. Dis checking thesize,etc. - regarding instructions was- of most 'impor- o 560 29th National Safety Congress tana: particularly among .employees with condition, was inherent in the process and years of service. Violations of safe practices there was no remedy other than vigilance: were often ascribed to lack of supervision. on the part of employees. On the other hand, it is doubtful from many Numerous injuries also resulted from reports whether the experienced employee rough floors due to holes and ridges, open was instructed or thoroughly trained in^tim- ' drain and broke holes; and poor housekeep work. In addition, numerous injuries were ing. Rough floors"arid poibr housekeeping assigned to haste, .abstraction, and similar figured particularly in .acddents to truckers. attitudes showing failure to keep safely up permost in their work. In acddents involving floorspstairs, run ways, platform^ etc, 90 per cent of the in New employees with less , than one year's juries involved some unsafe .condition in experience also figured frequently in acci comparison with SO per cent involving em dents due to the nip hazard. They-often ployee causes. It seems logical, tberefore, to failed to follow instructions. It is doubtful look prindpally to engineering measures for from many reports, however, whether spe eliminatmglhese hazards. .,, cific instructions were given and whether orders were dearly understood. Aside from an unsafe mechanical condition, most in juries involving new employees were as signed to unawareness of safe practice. Two additional safety problems were dis closed by this stodypof about equal impor tance--one involving the operation of trucks and the othcr tire , use of ;hand tools. The condition of tools and trucks. was not an For our No. 2 safety problem the analysis important factor in acddents. Causes of em pointed to floors particularly and to stairs, ployee actions figured in more acddents than platforms, scaffold^ and similar working did mechanical causes. This is especially surfaces. These were involved in I2per cent true of causes of lack of training, skill and of die injuries. Outside of the mill^the prin experience. cipal danger spot was log piles, especially when employees dimbed and walked on them during wet or cold weather. I was sur prised, alsot at tiie' number, of injuries re sulting from falls on icy sidewalks and steps. ' On the basis of this study we can wdl afford to'Jgive more time to instruction and emphasis on the safe use of picaroons,' axes, hammers of' all types,'crow bars and knives. In track, acddents we found a wide va riety of drcumstances figuring in their .oc The slippery condition of floors especially, currence. The following factors were re stairs and runways was- a particularly out ported frequently; overloading; shifting of standing cause of acddents. Oil spots on load due to imprbpm arrangement or failing floors, worn treads on stairs, and smooth to secure it'; pulling.instead'of pushing: steel floor plates used for runways were operating thicks too fast; jumping., off often reported but wet floors, due to. the trades; failore to wear safety shoes--foot extensive, use of water in certain processes, injuries occurred frequently when strode by, far outnumbered any other tingle slippery -falling materials or when the feet were condition. Numerous reports stated that the caught under the wheels. General Discussion. ^ r through our'pulp and'paper , mills rwe have equipment which in. its operation and in its CHAIRMAN CHANT: Mr. Braun re very nature creates-nip hazards;, bfit I am ferred particularly to the important part not prepared to admit and will not admit that nip hazards continue to play' in the pro- ' 'that the tup hazard.cannot be overcome. ductipu of accidents in our industry. He sug I am thinking of one particular plant, a gested that it might be again made a subject large, modem, fast-running nwsprinfc plant of discussion at our next annual gathering. wherein the. paper machines operate at a I am wondering personally whether much speed of approximately-1,200 feet per min oordd be done by a farther discussion of tire ute, and where thp .winders, of 'course, to problem of nip hazards in general; It is not keep op with the * machines, must 'operate particularly surprising to me .that nip haz cat a mnchhigherspeed. In this plant up ards continue to figure in 10 per cent of tire until about two years ago winder acddents accidents of the paper industry. All tire way were alarmingly frequent and serious. A Paper and f*ulp Section . . , 561 j 'relatively. largenumber of their paper rna- been due to the. advancement in the art of ` chinecrewv particolafly' die fifth hands, paper making and inlthe equipment of the fourth hands and third hands ^operating Wilder, itself add the provision of a rider those winders - and working around them, rroll to ride on top of .tin. growing roll of ... got'eaught in the rtmningnip of>the venders paper. I am just citing that instance to show with more or less serious injury resulting. what cati'be . done-to eliminate nip hazards The superintendent of that mill determined . and theacddents from, them when the man to put;an, end once andforall to accidents agement of a plant is suffirientlyvdetermined of thatnatureonhis winders, and hefenced that accidents of that nature shall cease. those winders m so that they were com F. H. ROSEBUSH \N3rooa Edwards pletely enclosed. The fence was made in Paper Co., Port Edwards, Wis.): Mr. such a way that it could he dropped down Chairman, I think if you will look back in below the floor level or to the floor levelCfor the .records of this -section 15 ..or 16 years, access to the winder hi malting splices or in yon will discover that we have dismissed starting up, or removing the finished set - these nip hazards quite a .number of times. Strict instructions were given the crews that I don't think that this problem of overcom- the winders were not at any tune to be op*- ingthe hazard on sheet rolls is insoluble ... crated unless those fences -were up and in I believe it can be met There was a guard v position. . . .v perfected by Beaugaard of the Flambeau About a month after' that, during one of Paper Compajny at Park Falls, Wisconsin, the night shifts, one of the winder men was which overcame the difficulty. But the thing again the victim of a winder accident Upon that we haven't solved in our discussion is investigatsbn.it was found that lib had, con the hazards attendant to the,making of the trary to ntstructidns--or Ins crew had done counter rolls where, the 9 inch counter roll so contrary to instructions--operatedc the is drapp^'between the winders and then winder, with the fence down so thsu the` taken off every couple of minutes. winder man could haveaccesstotheroll on the wilder in cbrder>to fed it The super intendent immediately took steps, to' have rj This^Beaugaard guard had. a shell that came over the winder:cJose np to the sheet roll, and a few. years ago they were trying \ those fences interlocked electrically with the starting mechanism on the winders, and from to work over tint guard so that it would take-care of counter rolls; but I don't think that day to this there' have been no nip acci anything has been'done to overcome that dents ion those winders for the simple reason that it. is utterly impossible to; start the particular hazard.,.. winders unless the . fence is in position. Un CHAIRMAN CHANT :*Has anybody had less a member of the brew sees fit to climb up higher than his head over the'fence and then. climb down again on the inside, he ppssibly get into the winder nip. any expedience in. making counter .rolls-- these foils with a small diameter--with the direction ofwinding reversed? I. don't know whether that is practical or not. . To a great maihy papermalcers of my day that wotdd have been considered a physical and operating impossibility, The first an- E. A. PAGE (Kimberly-Clark Corp., Neenah, Wis.): What do yon mean by counter rolls? Cswer yon would have received from any'of . the paper makers that ! grew hpjwhh would simpfy. hove been tint "Yon can't operate a" paper machine winder if yon can't get at the -rolls." Well,'they, are doingitand they are not having any more cttlkd rolls than they lnd before; in fad*..tiny, aire hatting less. It does mean tint the back-tender b step, farther bade in tiie opendkm..must make a . better fed, because he has to wind the paper off on the winder withoat havmg the oppor tunity to fed thp roll and perhapsmake some adjustmentsdoring '^%inding. ' n- CHAIRMAN CHANT: Small diameterrolls of about 9 inches. I have :seen'news print winders where the direction of rota tion of the winder drams was changed, simply reversed.. It is. a simple mechanical operation. I don't know whether it has been attempted on counter rolls.'No doubt, how- ever, .that in the' event of bring caught the resulting injurymight eyen be worse because it' would involve not only the 'burning and mashing of fingers but perhaps the.throwing of the whole- bpdy over the winder. Howcevery Fbdieve.we would all agree that the r ' c Part of therdevdopment^ -of course,, has hazard would !be less when -the inrunning r,w* n hi I* > 29ffc National Safety Congress nip isover and oat of sight than when it is encountered in At preparation of tfaatidata cm the front " sheet, mainly' because of die very wide dif . - MR. PAGE: It would reverse your shed, ferences in the type dud;, arrangement of toot wouldn't it? ^rmn-typerolls in various'plants.in various CHAIRMAN CHANT: Yes, you have to parts of dhc country. That is ooe^of the make provision for it right throngh your problems that wehave runup against in setup. It can be done on your red, yon see; this industry, trying:to.devdop safety.in by reversing your ted rotation also. struction can^ pamphlets and data - sheets. MR. PAGE: As regards this problem of What is a perfectly good recommendation nip hazards,' has anybody any.device or any' as to . the avoidance of a mp hazard inooe means of enforcement'Of the inks? Forin- plant isinapplkable in,another pUmtbecaose stance, a rule that a roll kss: than 9 inches of some difference in arrangement or some is not to he felt v difference in type of equipment. That id a MR. AUGUSTUS : After we had had a condition, I'm afraid/which wewifl always couple of accidents on our winders. Where a have with usasan indastryr- . fellow was feeling a roll just being started, I am not going to aldd anything to what we made it an iron-bound rule that regard; < - Fred Braun has already told yon in connec less of what might be the necessity, a man tion with the accident experience data that was not to fed a roll until it was at least Is to be issued periodically by coundlhead,9 inches in diameter. They don't dcflt any . quarters for the nse of our section members. more and we are' not losing more paper," \ I am sore fiat as the practice is instituted CHAIRMAN CHANT: Thai's fine! . and goes on from mopth to month, we will How many of you have seen and read die find very greatosefulneSs.m that informa data sheet rdating to drum-type rolls winch tion, and if itrWeeds'sitty-rqyisiopi as.to its came out during the year? (Several hands form:or as to the'kuos'on which it-is pre raised.) I would like 'to know whether' you pared, I am sure that, such;revision ran he think 'the data sheet has dealt adequately inade as' sooh .as we -lave decided what with that problem, which has `also the haz changeswe would like to"have: Ithink that, ard of an innmning nip on a drum-type roll? .is a great forward step in .the service whidi Is it your general feeling that it does answer . die Council headquarters^staff , is tenderingc some of the questions involved in dat piece to this. SedM aaBor^inABt^ as a of equipment, or should it be considered a whole; namely; die provision of accident fit subject for further development and' fur data and accident statistics as we gblhlong ther study? rather than as a report at our atmta! meet A considerable amount of difficulty was' ings only. ft-.Rj * i a (i a v n . t i e&ti o .tr l t d f t 8` S TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION t . '. October 8,1940 " CHAIRMAN CHANT: I have.a sum-, ; 6 members; from the' State of Wisconsin maty of the attendance at yesterday after 28} from the State of .Maine 2; fromLou- noon's session. There were 101 persons reg isiana 2; from South! Carolina .1: from istered at our session yesterday afternoon., North Carolina. 2; from Pennsylvania 3; Of that number 67 were members of. the from Massachusetts 2; from Ohki .... Paper and Pulp Section ; the other one-third, Michigan 2; from Tennessee 1; from1 IfriwSj 34 in all, were visitors. We were very gbd York State 6;'from Minnesoto^2ffrjJih'-w to .have those visitors with.us;.and I. take West Virginia 1; from Kansas !; from ~ this opportunity to also welcome tbe visitors Newfoundland 1; from Canada 2 with us today. MEMBER: -There were four from Ten The;distribution of the .membership that nessee presnt hero yaiter&ty. attended yesterday might also be of interest CHAIRMAN CHANT: This is a sum to you. From the State of Illinois there were mary of die registrations whidi were turned U *Papermd Pulp Section' 563 in/yesterday.^If yon know of four Tenncssrrahs whci Nwerc heftyesterday. all I can sayisthat only oaeof them registered. Itake nrochpleasme.in presenting toyou irow a former Ceneral Cbairman of mtr sec- don, Mr, Earl Grant, who will give us the. first -of two papers coit tbegeneral subject, "Practical Uses of Accident Cost Data im die Safety Program." a Practical Uses of Accident Cost Data in the Safety Program * . . vBy EARL E. GRANT Preddent, The Crystal Tlssite Co. Middletowit, Ohio . Personal experience has taught me that, It sometimes pays to..check up m the old accidents are costly to.the injuredand the fbqokand find ont what we did tensor twenty company, to the' otoS that I .have always years ago andcheck with today's record. We believed in risingaccident costs'asa barome- .occasionally get in a^rnt ;or have a com- . to `in' addition to .severity and frequency placent fedh)g that we aregoing fine and a ' rates. . * . " - check-bp on' past performance may show Accident statistics or cost data, really start that .after all there was a time when condi withthe departmental acddent report and tions were even better.. inclnde the1 r^port to tbe State. hKlastrial - During the last twelve years we have run Commission with the ftedical.'ltospital and ! from .a low of354,946toaingh of 648^556 compensation awards and finally end with man hours worked with,an average of 509;- the settlement sheet. 145 honrs.and a total of 72 lott-time acci ' <' Thedirect costs can bemused for cost data;, dents. Onr two first years in the Paper & bnt we cannot get an accurate cost for ' Pulp Section Contest saw us pile up 26 or .damage to 'machinery, effect oh'fdlow work- .13 lost-time, accidentsper,year; which were jersj suffering jo the mjttred employee; or followed by_a no-acrident year. 'ihetttstassinim'bgrlusfau%. - The lost-time accidents are costly,: of Twantvfo devote frem the cost angle ; codrse, bnt tbey are the ones yon natnrally and read yon a paragraph from monthly acr guard against.. ddent statistics* report for Gfiio dxnpiled Our total acddent awards for the 12 by the Department of' Hygiene for the : years amount to $35,61922 and onr acddent nonihofl^:^ ,, costs total $43275.92 "The 162S9 injury and occupational dis- Acddent costs are^a tax on industry just ease daims filed with the. Industrial Com- the same, as- excess profits tax, social se mission in May; , an increase of 988 over enrityor real estate taxes, hot are levied by the preceding, inonth, reflect a' gradualin- the careless employer and the untrained or areaseinemployrarotasshown by research thoughtless employee. reports, especially .in the heavy industries. The 81 fatal claims fifed are a decrease of 18averApriL" - - This was -the. first .time tliatl had^been ^'Onr arcident costs have averaged .007 per hour or $7.08 per 1,000 hours worked during.the last twdve years; and the com pensation, medical, and hospital fees have . forcibly strode with the fact that accidents . averaged .0058 per hoar or $5.83 per 1,003 were beingosed as barometers or indicators man-hours worked. 'of" The premium in our manual group under Some ofyon maytreasure an old fatpily the Industrial Commission.of Ohio amounts Bible withbirtts and deaths recorded in it, to $2.00 per.$100 ofpapdi and will Increase bat I hayeuah oldblackboOk in my 'desk : or decrease according to the attention given which is. almost -bursting with statistics -n gtibgred .-in tbel^twenty years. These j? statutidscover torutigtyhonrrworked, payPoD,. cumulative accident..^reports, bowling it by the . representatives of. the mills in;the group.'. \Ve had an increase from $1.60 to $200 about , five years ago, and tigged it there when we had a meeting and derided to and bueball - schedules, etc, and .are very pay more. attention to the hazards in the important and interesting to me. mills affected^ Q r-- 564 29th Notional Safety Congress Frankly, .1 am ashamed to admit that our net cost per ton of product has been as high as .67}4c in 1931. and as low as -31& in 1928 with an average of .45c per tori for the twelve.-year period. ' Costs and personnel have always been two of the most interesting- phases in business to me and I cahnot think of accidents without immediately tying in the cost and personnel angles. 1 Accident cost data interest us in keeping costs down as our business is very competi tive and from a personnel viewpoint we are more deeply interested as most .of our em ployees have been with us for more'' than ten years. . - In conclusion I'd like to refer you to the Managing Directors-Page of the July issue of/'National Safety News" and to the ar ticle by our good friend Bill Cameron en titled "Who Directs Your Safety Pro gram?" The artide-4eals with the various department headsVjmmay be charged with the Safety ProgramT'He points out. that a Safety Program delegated to the treasurer or auditor wiU>be treated from a cost angle, the sales manager will try to sell from post ers, signs, literature, etc., the plant engineer froin planning safety'through equipment de sign and layout, materials and maintenance schedules,-etc. A full time safety director, is preferable, as Mr. Cameron concludes the article, but the most important question in' my mind is "Who Controls the. Safety* Director?" CHAIRMAN CHANT: I am sure that after die next paper has -been- read, which has to do with' the other half of this same subject, there is going to be considerable discussion centering around your very ex cellent paper. While Mr. Grant was speaking I . could not help but. think that in a good many or ganizations in our industry the safety man or the safety director or the safety* super visor is, to some extent at least, regarded throughout the organization a* a sdrt of generally useless cuss who isn't much good at any other kind of work. But we have here a living example of the fact that oc casionally a safety* man, without losing his interest in safety, can either becaus/of that - interest or in spite of that interest rise to greater heights. Mr. Grant is an example to us of one who bus risen out of die safety department into the position of senior execu tive. \ The second paper on tins subject, the use of accident cost data in our work, was .as signed to a fellow-Canadian in the persori bf Julius Draper, Safety Director of the Con solidated Paper Corporation, Grand Mere, Quebec, Canada. -1 am very sorry that Julius cannot be here to deliver Ids paper in person. I have it here and with your permission will read it for him. i Practical Uses of Accident Cost Data in the Safety Program " By J.-A. DRAPER Director of Safety, Consolidated Paper Corporation, Ltd., Montreal, Canada Some time ago I made "Accident Costs? the subject of an address before one of our mill safety meetings; there were a few fore men present and one or two superintendents, but most of the men were from' the ranks. I told them how much our accidents had cost the Workmen's Compensation. Commis sion the previous year--how much we paid the Commission in assessments--and explained that as our accident experience improved so would our assessment be lowered. The less money the'company paid in accident insurance, the more there would be to spend on plant improvements, wages, ', etc. r; I thought I had made it fairly interesting, but during my visit to that mill the follow ing week, die secretary of. the Safety Com-' mittee said to me, "You know, Mr.. Draper, your talks are usually pretty good, but you sure pulled a Vernon' last week! Those boys don't give a tinkers.-hoot, how much our accidents cost the company. An they want to know is. Has the company enough money to pay our wages and wfll we receive Com pensation if we aVe hurt?*" I believe that ' Paper and Pulp Section 565 ) the secretary was making too broad a state- that show very little or no cost for acci ment, but he was, to a great extent, quite dents. hi the case of the other departments,' right. , it is pointed out that accident costs are Jbyi If you are going to use your accident no means a small item. The manager w^itsi . costs to further your safety program, take to know what-caused-that accident, or thijs^ them to the men who are most vitally Inter accidents; what has been done about it? ested in costs, your managers, superin Has that floor been fixed? Are there any tendents and foremen.- ' o p mope such bad spots in the. floors about By and large, if there is one man in a mill who is as keen or keener to .prevent accidents and showman improvement in acddent experience than the safety mail, that man is the mill manager. All managers are vitally concerned with costs. There is at least one type of meeting where.the manager takes change and keeps the initiative--where- the superintendents' . know that he means business.. I refer to ` cost meetings. It isindecd a happy concern where cost meetings are jovial, carefree the plant?' Have those truck handles been altered so that we will have no more broken toes? Are you encouraging your men to wear safety shoes? Are.you insisting that your men obey-our safety rules? Do you show to the whole personnel by your words and actions that yon are right behind our safety work, and are determined to do your utmost to prevent accidents?. These are some of the points thatcan be brought be fore the supervision of a plant by the man ager at a cost meeting. - -affairs! Cost meetings are to discuss ways and I am going to describe now bow we have formed our accident cost figures into an ac means of reducing costs. Accidents are a needless waste and therefore are a legiti cident prevention tool, and how that tool is placedin die hands of oar division man-' mate subject at such meetings: The per sonnel at cost meetings are also tlie very . agers. men who, in many cases are, and in alt cases sfaoqld be, among the most enthusiastic .. Placing 3a tod., in a man's hand is one safety workers in a plant thing, but whether or not he uses that tod and the .efficiency with which he uses it, The money cost of accidents is far from ).- are other matters.' However* the following the most important reason for installing scheme is used by Kune of our managers at guards on machinery, it is probably the some of their cost meetings. It may or may least important. Nevertheless, a safety di not be a novel idea. Some of you, no doubt, rector can use the proved savings of guards .-.-have other and-perhaps better ways of-using in one instance to help sell the idea of in accident costs.' stalling guards or making '-improvements in Early each month our safety inspectors other places. receive the accident cost statements for their, Many years ago the winders for our news respective miffs t from the insurance depart print machines at two o'f our'miffs were not ment This statement shows the money"paid equipped with guards for the in-running nip out by jhe Workmen's Compensation Com- ., between the winding roll of paper and the mission during, the preceding month, for drum. Accidents were fairly frequent; and each ^individual accident case ' From this nearly always serious. They ranged front sheet the safety inspector prepares a state pinched fingers to fatalities, but usually re ment showing the accident co'sts by depart sulted in mangled arnjs. The cost of these ments and this is sent to the division ac accidents was very high, sometimes ranging countant, who incorporates the accident into thousands of dollars per year per mill. costs'h^ departments as a .footnote;to the' Again let me emphasize'that this money cost ' departmental cost sheets. The footnotes is Ismail compared to the loss in human show the'accident costs for the month and values. I never want it said, that "This^tan 'the cumulative total for the year to-date, tries to prevent accidents chiefly because; for each individual department they cost money." _ IjJ,"". These figures 'are discussed between the To get back to our winded--Some years manager and superintendents at the'monthly ago the winders Were equipped vlrjUh simple cost meetings. r guards, the cost was in- toVjtgighborhaod The manager makes, appropriate remarks of $100 per winder. Total cost for the two when reviewing the costs ofthe departments mills certainly not over $1,600. The spend- 566 29th National Safety Congress ing of this sum has virtually eliminated our nip point accidents at those winders. Based on our experience before installing guards we can say that they are saving at least 100 per cent of their cost per year. Many of you can dte similar instances. If your management hesitates to install guards, or make other improvements designed to. increase safety, because of the cost, be prepioit they iJSftJSk larger grasp of his job than that necessary to install guards, address safety meetings, and .compile accident statistics. Mot are far readier to listen to a man and take his ad* vice when that man can^show that he knows fo**' *. P"* to thf savings that have >eeo m jbe Ps* because of accident prevention, ami faokls out the prospect of farther savings, provided further improve* in accident experience is attained, wof to do the work ! If they talk cost, you To sum up talk savings, and have some such example 1, Accident- costs can be formed into a as I have cited to back up your argument useful accident prevention tool, and wielded A safety director naturally woutd :ltnow most efficiently by managers at cost meet- the rate his. company is paying for accident tags. * insurance. He should also know how much 2. A .safety director should be able'to rite this amounts to in a year. He should know concrete examples where money spent on what rate was paid in previous years; how accident prevention has brought in land- much money is bong saved because of an some returns, and be able to use such cates improving accident experience; and he should as an argument to secure further itnprove- he able to compare the-insurance costs in- ments. his state or province with the costs that 3. He should know his company's present preva l ip neighboring states or provinces. accident-costs, be able to compare such costs Me should be "cost conscious/' and be able with previous years, and with comparable to prove, in conversation, thbt lie has'.a industries in other parts of.the country. ' General Discussion CHAIRMAN CHANT: Now we are ready for discussion on those two papers on accident cost records as compensation paid each year, but for our' records we are charging it-bade to that year in which the accident happened, It makes a whole lot of difference in the 'final comparison wherein you want.to show CLAYTON O: BRAATZ (Marathon whether your records are improving or not Paper Mills Co.,- Rothchild, Wis.) } I wonder how many men here keep their accident costs, as referred to by Earl, on a cost per onc-hundred-dollar-of-payroll basis, which is the cost generally used in compiling in- MR. GRANT: Ours are all charged hade to the year in which the accident, happened, That is the reason we have been able to compile an average cost by year for comparative purposes. surance rates? I would like to compare onr ' CHAIRMAN CHANT; I am familiar costs, for example, with other mills. (Sev- with a few'firms where the costs are kept, eral bands raised.) _ both ways. ERNEST AUGUSTUS .(The ' Mead R W. CROUCHER (Minnesota & On- Corp., Chillicothe, O.); Mr. Chairman, Earl commented on the 'compensation and treatment costs shown in the Industrial Comntission records. I wonder whether-those costs tario Paper Co, Internationa] Falls, Mirm.)^ Do these costs of accidents indude the hid- den cost or merely the dollars and cents paid out? ^ are kept and charged lock to the particular MR GRANTr ln out years when the accidents occurred or not indude the hidden whether they are charged out currently: as * which you just arri that r less cy are paid? by. guess work. There ar dents For example, we have one case of an acddent which occurred.to one of our workme* about 15 years ago, and we are still paying, that man compensation arid will con- which axe costly but it is. difficult in most. cases to tell what the costs are. AH the actual costs, of course; are ,compiled -and kept -. 1 tinue to do so until he dies. Of course, that There is another thing we have always shows up on the Industrial Commission's done in our accident program (and I think Paper and Pulp Section . 567 probably good many ofyouwill disagree is a part of that Frequently, when talking with us on thisH we have never, kept any to groups sudi as those I have referred to, cost of a guarding program. We.data that I use accident cost figures, both the figures any money jure spcndon guards is spent for of their own plant and the figures for the the good of the employees and that anything - group aider the Industrial Compensation' that is good for., the employees is good for' Commission of which -that mill happens to bur ciompaqy; so it is charged to. themanu be a part; and.I always begin my discussion facturing cost-and not against the. safety of costs without any apology and with this program in any way. simple explanation: that in order to tell MR. CROUCHER: Then if they do not what progress is being made in the control include hidden coils, the insurance premium, of accidents, you must have some unit of of course, is the cost of accidents per one measurement. We have definite- units of hundred dollars of payroll; isn't it? measurement of a great number of things around a mill "We can measure the quantity* CHAIRMAN CHANT: Yes, that's right of wood, or the .wdgfat of coal, or the pres The actual cost to your company in any sure of steam, or the speed of moving ob year is the amount that you pay. to the In jects, and we can measure any number of dustrial Commission less any refunds that other things, and measure them accurately/ you may get For purposes of;a closer rec because we have standard units by which to ord, however, the actual cost of tlm acci measure them.-But) we have not as yet, so dent is .a much'better figure. In most of the for as I know, obtained a unit of measure- setups in theprovinCes of-Canada and in the . ment for human pain and suffering and United States there-'is a,mutual coverage of "worry and anxiety. And until we do get' a group of firms, so that there is an item such a unit'of measurement, we must neces- in your cost of payments to'the Commission sarily measure our controlover accidents or that represents part of the burden that you the lack of it in some known unit and I sug carry for the other firms in your group, gest to you that dollars-and-cents Costs form provided your experience is betta; than the just about'is good a unit as any other. average; or, on the''other hand, what you pud to the Commission may not represent your cost of accident if the other people are carrying; you for thetimebeing. Therefore.^ I think tuat both figures should be kept - -5 #* - i ` While we. are talking about the dollars and cents of accident cost, in my mind flash various pictures of mangled human brings that I have seen in industrial accidents. That is what I think of when we talk about the I would like to add something to a sen dollars and cents of accident .cost Any man tence that I ..recall reading in Mr/ Draper's who has worked in any mill and who has paper. Where he seems to have apologized a had any experience1with' accidents can draw little /or having talked; accident costs"'to a on his imagination? for all the gory pictures group of men at a meeting in one of the thathe wants inorder to hade up the dol- mills, a group of men that was principally lars and/cents figures. With that approach composed of.individuals who were not fore- - Tm sure that Mr. Draper would.not. find his men or/supwvisors. I .don't agree with him* disdission of accident costs uninteresting to -there: In my regular Job I..have to do a this group. I found It very much the' other good deal of talking to grata of people- ' , way. I have been questioned for hours on end from the various mills in my association. I about accident costs on the part of men who have found, much to my surprise, thattbe '\-$ad no direct .concern with the . costs. They men in the mill -are interested in accident were not foremen and' they were not super costs. visors ; they were paper makers, pulp tnak- Perhaps Mr. Draper's statement seems a v- ers, laborers,. etc, who were interested in` logical one:"that they arte interested only in the costs of accidents and what it cost to knowing whether the ..company (is going to repair an injury--what had to be paid to continue paying wages and whether* if they the . doctors, the hospital, and so forth in are hurt, they can be sure of receiving com order to get the fellow fixed upC pensation, :;hnt I do not agree with that. 1 MR. GRANT: In line with Mr. Draper's - believe that the average tnan in the average idea, there are any number of men- in paper pulp and paper mill is . interested im every- mills who believe that the.premium we'are thing that (dates to the orderly prosecution paying is a blanket covering regardless of of hiscompany's business, and acridentcost how many people get-hart--that so many 566 29th National Safety Congress ing of this sum has virtually eliminated our iarger.grasp of his job than that necessary nip point accidents at those winders. Based to) install guards,- address safety meetings, 'on our experience before installing' guards and commie acddentstatistics. Men are far we can say that they are saving at least 100 readier to listen to a man and take his ad per cent of their cost per year. vice when that man can show that he knows Many of you can cite similar instances. If your management.hesitates to install guards, or make other improvements designed to.in crease safety, because of the cost, be pre pared to point out that they cannot afford his job, cap-point to the savings that have been-made^m the past because of accident prevention, and holds out the prospect of. further-savings, provided further improve ment in accident experience is attained not to do the work! If they talk cost, you Tostunup:-r; -' talk savings, and have, some such example 1. Accident costs can be formed into a as I have cited to back up your argument - . useful accident prevention tool, 'and wielded A safety director, naturally would know most efficiently by managers at cost meet the rate his company is paying for accident ings. insurance. He should alsaDlcnow how much 2. A safety director should tfe able ro cite, this amounts to in a year. He should know concrete examples where mowysjjpnt on what rate was paid in previous years; how accident prevention has broughtln hand much money is being saved because of'an some returns, and be able to use such cases improving accident experience; and he should., as an argument to secure further improve lie able to compare the Insurance costs in ments. .. his state or province with the costs that .. 3. He should know his company's present prevail in neighboring states or provinces. accident costs, be able to compare such costs [ He should be "cost conscious," and be able with previous years, and with comparable to prove, in conversation, that he has a industries in other parts of the country. o General Discussion CHAIRMAN CHANT: Now Ve are ready for discussion on those two' papers on accident cost _ CLAYTON O. BRAATZ (Marathon Paper Mills Co., Rothchild, Wis.): I won der. how many men here keep their accident costs, as referred to by Earl, on a cost per one-hundred-dollar-of-payroll basis, which is the cost 'generally used in compiling in surance rates? I would like to compare our costs, for example, with other mills. (Sev eral hands raised.) records as compensation paid each year; but for our records we are charging it bade to that year in which the accident happened It makes a whole lot.of difference in the final comparison wherein you want to sWwV\ whether your records are improving or nOfcw' MR. GRANT: Otirs are all charged back to the year in which the aeddent happened That is the reason we have been able to compile an average cost by year for com parative purposes. CHAIRMAN CHANT: I am familiar with a few firms where the costs are kept both ways. ERNEST AUGUSTUS (The Mead R. W. CROUCHER (Minnesota & On Corp., Chillicothe, O.): Mr. Chairman, Earl . tario Paper Co., International Falls, Minn.): -. commented on the compensation and treat- Do these costs of accidents include the hid mint costs shown in the Industrial Commis den cost or merely the dollars and cents paid sion records. I wonder whether .those costs out? are kept and charged back to the particular MR. GRANT: In ohr company, they do years when the accidents occurred or not indude the hidden cost; I mean, that whether they are charged out currently as cost which you just arrive at more or less . they are paid? by guess work. There are a lot of aeddents For example, we have one case of an acci which are costly but it is difficult in most dent which occurred to one of our-work- cases to tell what the costs are. All the mea about: 15 years ago,, and we are still actual costs, of course, are compiled and _ paying that man compensation and will con- kept -- tinue to do so until he dies. Of course, that There is another thing we have always shows up on the Industrial Commission's done in our aeddent program (and I think V r Paper and Ptdp Section 567 - probably <a good many of yon -wilfcdisagree is a part of that Frequently, when talking with us^ on (fail): we haw never kept any to groups such as .those I have referred to, cost of a guardingprograni. We claim that I use accident cost'figures, both die figures any money we spend'on guards is.spent for Of theirvown plant^and the figures for the the good of the empioyees and that anything - group under thlDmdus^rial Compensation that is good for the employees is good for Commission of which that null happens to our company; so it is charged to the manu be a part; and I always begin my discussion facturing cost and- not against the safety of costs without any apology-and with this program,in any way. - simple .explanation: that in order to tell MR. CROUCHER.-.Then if they do not' what progress is bring, made in the control indude,hidden costs, the insurance premidin, of accidents, yon must have some unit of of course, is the cost of 'accidents per one measurement We have definite units of hundred dollars-of payroll, isn't it? CHAIRMAN'CHANT; Yes, that's right. measurement of a great number of things around a min. We caq measure the quantity of wood, or the weight of coal/or the pres The actual cost to your company in any. sure of steam, or the speed of moving ob year is the amount^that you .pay- to the In- ' jects, and we can measure any number of dustrial Commission less any refunds that, other things, and measure them accurately; you may get -For purposes of adoser rec because we have standard units by which to ord;', however, the actual cost of the acci measure them. But we have not as yet, so dent is a much better figure. In most of the far as I know, obtained' a unitof measure- ! setups in the provinces of Canada and in the meat for human pain aid- suffering and- United States there is a mutual coverage of worry and anxiety. Anfi'-until we do get a group of firms, s6 that there is an item , "such a unit of measuremenVwe must neces in your cost of payments to the'Commission, sarily measure our control over accidents or that represents part of the burden that you the lade of it in someknown unit and I sug carry for the other firms in your grpup, gest to yon .that dollars-and-cents costs form provided your experience is better thaiithe just about as good a unit as any other. average;-or, on..the other hand, what yon paid to the Commission may'hot represent your cost of accident if the other people are -While we are talking about the dollars aid cents of accident cost, in my mind flash carrying you for the time being. Therefore, I think that both figures should be kept various pictures of mangled human beings that I have seen in industrial accidents. That is' what I think of when we talk about the I would like to add^something to a sen dollars and cents of accident .cost Any man tence that I recall reading in Mr. Draper's who has worked in any mill and who has paper, where he seems to have apologized a had any experience with accidents can draw little for having talked accident costs to a on his imagination for all the gory pictures group of men at a, meeting in one of the that he wants in .order to bade up die dol mills, a' group of men that was principally lars and cents figures. With that approach composed, of individuals who wer^not fore Pm sure that Mr. Draper would not find his men or snpervisors. I don't agree' with him discussion of accident costs uninteresting to thne. In- my regular job I have to do a this group. I found it very much the other good deal of talking to groups of people way. I have been questioned for hours on end from the various mills in* my<association. I about accident costs on the part of men who have found, mnch to my surprise, flat the had no direct concern with the costs. They men in the mill are interested in accident were not foremen andthey were not super costs. . ' visors; they were paper makers, pulp mak Perhaps Mr. Draper's statement seems a logical one:7that they an interested only in knowing whether the company is going to continue paying wages and whether, if they arc, hurt, they can be sure of receiving com ers, laborers, etc* who were interested in the costs of aeddents and what it cost to repair an injury--what had to be paid to - the doctors, the hospital, and so forth in order to get the fdlow fixed up. pensation, but I do not agree ..with-that I MR. GRANT: In line with Mr. Draper's believe that the average man in the average idea, there are any number of men in paper pulp and paper mill is-interested in every 'mills who bdieve that the premium we are thing that rdates to die orderly prosecution paying is a blanket covering regardless of of his company's business, and accident cost how many people get hurt--that so many 568 29th National Safety Congress dollars and cents go into our state head- , charge them to the accidents to which they quarters. When you take time to explain the belong? Keep separately, if...you wish; the thing to than, they see a different picture. compensation cost and die insurance cost, E. A. PAGE (Kimberly-Clark Corp., but in addition to that keep, on the other Neenah, Wis.): Domost of these accident hand, these other costs! I won't call them cost figures include the cost of first-aid hidden costs--I think they are not hidden dressings and that sort of thing or just the costs but rather indirect costs, if you want cost of compensable accidents? How do the to call them that I believe you will find insurance companies run those things? that these indirect costs will be about four times as large as your direct outlays. When CHAIRMAN CHANT: Most companies, you have to make out your case, for safety so far as I know, in most industrial com programs or the guarding of equipment or pensation setups have the cost of the first- the teaching of safety habits, etc, and when aid treatment in the plant borne by the em you want to show what the savings have ployer. .1 don't know whether that is correct been .as a result of those programs, I think in your jurisdiction or not, but it is true in you are perfectly justified in including not Canada. However, there are many cases in only what is actually paid out in terms of which no lost time: is involved--that is, no compensation and insurance but also in these time lost beyond the day of the accident-- other costs that you haven't been able to which are not really counted- as lost-time prevent. ' accidents--but in which there is some cost-, borne by the Commission. Any service ! CHAIRMAN CHANT: I think you are rendered by a doctor or by a hospital, re perfectly, right But it is a difficult thing in gardless of whether the man himself is dis most instances to accurately determine the abled long enough to get compensation, is indirect costs of some of these things. I still paid for by the Commission under our have taken a number of individual .cases Acts in Canada, and I think that most of aiid spent a great deal of effort trying to your states have the same or a similar type get at those, indirect costs., I have one case of coverage. on record' where the indirect costs, .which MR. PAGE: Were they included in Mr. Grant's figures? we.' could definitely 'put. a finger on and measure, were 27 times as,much av the di rect cost; whereas I have many other cases . MR. GRANT: As regards our first-aid where I couldn't find that it even' equalted equipment, it is charged out currently as it the direct cost In general arid on the aver comes in. It is a mill expense item. age I think you are absolutely right If there MR.'^PAGE: How about the salaries of is any way by which we can record definitely nurses, etc.:? and directly thi indirect costs, then we cer MR. GRANT: We don't have any nurses. We have two first-aid' men in our organiza tion. Their salaries are charged against the mill and all supplies are charged out cur rently as they are received. tainly should hive such a record; but if we can't do that, then I think we are quite safe in claiming that they amount to four or five times as much as the direct costs while let_ ting the other fellow try to prove that it isn't so. M. D. KOSSORIS (U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C.): I have been MR. GRANT: I would like to take ex greatly interested in this discussion. Tt seems ception to the remarks made by the gentle to me that safety men who may have to man from the Department of Labor. I per justify their programs in terms-of savings sonally maintain that .if you are going to are not putting their best foot forward when charge the costs for your machinery into they are counting their savings in terms of your direct accident costs, you will find that insurance premiums or compensation actu you can charge about 50 per cent of those ally paid out When accidents do occur you costs against the management for lack of have, in addition to the. premium paid out, proper and sufficient guarding, which has no these medical, first-aid expenses, spoiled part in your accident program, instead of materials, possible damage to equipment, against accidents. stoppage of machines, etc., all of which CHAIRMAN GRANT:.I agree with you things cost money. there. Why not include these costs, why not. MR. PAGE: To make the argument a Paper and Pulp Section 569 bit more sound, as regards the savings on where that is being-done, although perhaps and the cost of accidents, do any of the it is being done somewhere. In all fairness firms represented here keep aft account of' to the men who prepared these two excel the cost of meetings, accident prevention lent papers on this subject (I should have programs, educational programs.and the stated this'before) it ought to be said that like? Are those things charged-in? in both instances it .was suggested to them CHAIRMAN CHANT: I know of'sev eral instances where such accounts are kept, yes! I.am familiar with a number of cost departments where those figures are kept accurately, where the time allowed to safety committees in; their monthly inspections, to safety meetings and all other measurable items of the cost of. safety programs, is ac curately recorded. However, f don't know of any firm where any great use is made of such records, other than to include them in their detailed cost sheet that they do not attempt to go into a dis cussion of detailed1 accident, costs at a meet ing of this kind. The reason for that was not that there was any hesitancy about mak-. ing known the cost of accidents in any given plant, but rather because of the very great difficulty in making anything like an accu rate comparison between plants located in different compensation jurisdictions. I know that we have had a difficult time for years ^trying to compare compensation costs in Ontario with those in' other provinces of MR. PAGE: Is that added to,..the cost of accidents? Canada and with 'other , jurisdictions in the United Suites. That' is a very difficult thing to do. because of die differences in the Acts. CHAIRMAN CHANT: It is itemized and kept separately so that.they can tell how much the operation of the safety committee has.cost in dollars-and cents for the past year or for the past five, years. By means of such a record thcmanager from time to time is mftde aware of what these things cost and he has some knowledge of whether they are unduly increasing in cost Or de creasing, which might indicate a lack of at tention or perhaps a falling off in the num ber of meetings or in the number of in-' sportions or something of that sort 1 MR. PAGE: You don't know:the com It is easy and simple to obtain the assess ment rates. You may know that the cost per one hundred dollars of payroll is lower, but yotf first haveto know what you get for the dollar of assessment that you pay, and there is so much that is included in what is being paid for under the Act: the period durina which compensation is paid, the waitinrosriod, the percentage of wages, and ail these other things which make it a tre mendously difficult task to obtain anything like an equalization of the figures. For that reason the Executive Committee, when sug gesting that this item be.put on the pro parison between , ^he cost of safeguarding gram, thought that we might better discuss and the cost of accidents in your organiza it from the point of view of the general tion? - "" f; use of figures rather, than the actual cost CHAIRMAN CHANT: I don't know figures themselve$. JOINT SESSION WITH WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION October 9,1940 ' . H* The meeting convened with J. C. Wilson, response and so many people did not see Vice-President, Lumbermens Mutual Gas- * it that we urged them to show that picture ualty Company, Chicago, and General again this afternoon. ' Chairman, Wood Products Section, Na- After that picture has been presented, tional Safety Coundl, presiding. we Vill have shown to us a British Colum- CHAIRMAN WILSON:,In our Wood bia picture.-that has to do with heavy log- Products Section meeting Monday after- ging and that wps sent to us by our friend noon the Illinois Department of Labor sent Jenkins. We also have a picture from the us over a picture which, was. presented by Western Pine Association, all of which will Depoty'Caimon; an&it met with such..a fine -.Jie into , a part of this discussion. Jr 570 29th National Safety Congress' The American Standards Committee is what superior mentality--if you get what rewriting the code'on logging and sawmill I mean* They are. noti so broad in . the activities and I know that some of the points bade. that will be brought ouLin the discussion and some of the things that will be empha sized in these pictures are going to tie k this suggested code. / (The motion picture was presente WILL D. JENKINS (British Col Lumber Manufacturers Assn.): On^ way up here somebody was asking meabout strains. Along about the foil of the year a lot of the men seem, to get lumbago when they want to lay off for a while .and receivecompensation for It Well, iwjth these power saws we find that we are not elim inating any labor but we are making it easier for tile men to work. Heretofore we havejdways hired a bunch of men with strong/fad^jk and weak brains to fell timber. Bnt( nowJwe are trying to conserve some of the^timber and to teach some of the boys whom we get out of uni versity how to fell this timber, because there isn't very much to it you see. Besides, it QUESTION: How much does that outfit weigh?. . MR. JENKINS: About 125 pounds alto gether. QJIESTION: Dragging it from one place to ainotiler, is there any possibility of comingjp/mmt of it? MR. JENKINS: In walking through, the. forest you have always that hazard of not knowing where you are going to step. You are likely to step on top of something or into it That's where we'get our worst,and greatest number of accidents, from tilling down, slipping, tripping, etc. They are about tite greatest hazards that you have in this kind of work. QUESTION: What is the approximate cost of one of those power saws? MR. JENKINS: I don't know exactly, but I imagine that they cost arotmd $400 a unit ' is the only mechanical device to be intro QUESTION:" Those saws help.you save duced that didn't eliminate somebody from' considerable timbcr,~do they not? ~ a job, and we are kind of hot on.-this thing MR. JENKIN^T don't know that tiny, up there in British Columbia, you know. dd.'We never figure that we are saving any " These saws which you noticed on the tihjh^f on the end of the log. screen are the big ones; those are the ones QUESTION: How often do you have to that fell the timber. But we have fellows sharpen that saw? r< who go around with something 13m an Evenrude engine on their hades that has a flexible shaft which they run along a tree in order MR JENKINS: Oh, about as often as you would a chain saw. to dean these knots off and all that sort ' QUESTION: How long would you say of thing--there is nothing to it, yon see-- the chain would last--a day, a week or how and we don't knock anybody out of a job. long--before it would have to be resharp QUESTION: Can two men do any more ened or replaced?. work with that saw than one man? MR. JENKINS:- In felling timber yon MR. JENKINS: No, the power saw does not increase the production. But they can work a power saw all day long, as our . boys do out there, and then they can come in after quitting time and play tennis or could probably rim the saw all day long, but if you are bucking timber--that is what we call cutting the logs off--and if it hap pens to till and gets a bunch of rocks mtb it, it might not last fifteen minutes. volley ball, if they want to. Before we _ FRED H. STAFFORD, (Chapman & usuatly hired a man only for about thirty Dewey Lumber Co, Marked Tree, Ark.): days, after which he was so'worn out that How do you guard it? he wasn't able to work any more. Besides, MR JENKINS: We have never had .any we paid him for right hours' work and onlv trouble in that i got six hours' work.-out of him. CHAIRMAN \yiLSON: The frame QUESTION: Have. you had any acci over which it runs-S^veiy substantial, I dents with that saw? suppose? MR. JENKINS; We have had fewer ac MR JENKINS: Writ there doesn't cidents with therii for. the reason that the seem to be much danger in the use of this" men who operate these saws are of a some- " saw in that respect because we haven't had. -- . Paper and Pulp Section any accidents reported from that particular Oursmall tod section is also going to be hazard. : amplified, and we are goingto put in per I wouldJike to add-this: We had a tug camp in which .there occurred a whole lot o head injuries; Out of 60 fatal .accidents haps, if necessary, a section on the special handing of palp wood from the woods to the mill that we had in our woods operations in Brit ish Columbia,~rwe had 50 fatal accidents that., One of the questions that came up for a .resulted in fractures of. the skull. l am hop ' vote. yesterday was this: Shall we divorce ing that the National Safety News will pufc the logging-from the saw mill section of the lish a picture which shows 18-hats in one' code? The vote, yesterday of the sectional camp in logging work that are crushed in, committee-was to tins effect: we will pub- each one of'which might have been a fatal' lish separately 'two sections, one on logging injmy.. Twenty years ago when I, advised the use of . these land hats in the mines of-BritishColumbia, one of the (superintendents* told me that he wouldn't, let a man put one of these haunt bats on, that he wouldn't think of asking anybody to do it; but today no man ,pn ask him for. a job unless he wears one of these.hats. "" and due on the milling operations, bnt we will also provide a combination bound vol ume in much the same way as certain other aides are handled, such as the A.S.MJL boiler code; which takes in. power boilers, miniatures in dry cleaning plants, locomo tives, etc, which can be.obtained in separate pamphlets or all together. - If. we get that' flexibility it was the opinion that it would be more desirable to do that through one CHAIRMAN WILSON: All right, now ; sectional committee rather than two, because let's ltkve the showing' of the next picture . the latest figures we have available show (The talking film sponsored by the West that about 50 per cent of the logging is done ern Pine Association was shown.) . by companies which actually do the milling. CHAIRMAN WILSON: Before intro It is about a fifty-fifty split between indeducing the experts in our Panel Discussion, ; pendent contract loggers .and companies ^ would like to introduce Mr. John! A. Dick which log and mill their products. inson,'Secretary of Logging & Saw Mill Sectional Committee, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. G I would like to have him say just a few words concern ing theoew code, because the code, I think, will answer,a lot of these questions' offi cially, ; ' However, I am not going to enter into a lengthy disenssion of that topic because we are going to have a very interesting panel meeting here this afternoon. If any of you folks disagree with any of our conclusions or if. you have any ideas to suggest,' we would like to hear from you. We are going Comments on the Code . to split the thing up into sections. We are JOHN aHdICKINSON :' Gentlemen, those of yon who are at tlie pulp and paper end of-the fence will probably remember that losing and the bringing of logs.to the mill,is referred to in the lagging and saw mill code Now that code was published bade hi .1923.'At that; time we thought we did' a fairly complete joh. Twice since then we have asked for criticism--whether it needed revision-rand tip until. 1.937 the an swer,was negative.. . going to have a group up. in New England, another, gronp ent on the West coast, another group in the Northern section, etc, and then we will form skeleton outlines of this new material, and from that .build the thing up. If you have anycritidsms of our plan.of procedure, if .yon have any sugges tions to said in on' the revision of the code either as regards the logging or saw mil! ends, we shall be very happy to receive them. Yon can address them either to me at, the National Bureau of .Standards or to' Robert Tn the last' few years in the Western pine McA. Keown, Chief Engineer and Secretary forests in the mechanization of logging there of the Industrial Commission of Wisconsin. has. developed the use of triggers,. of huge . truck upits fit about 50 capacity. . Those are sme it is evident that we have toievi^tiife>rectiOT on - Jogging very materially , by addingt sev^ral work operations and their hazards wiff.bgr i^w chapters. presented: ' (J KJ. 1. j 29thNational Safety Congress J. E. Cantfiv^Safety Director, Quebec North Shore Paper Company, Baie Cora- eau, Quebec,. Canada. . Harris Flaherty, Field Officer, New Brunswick Accident Prevention Association, Dalhousie, New Brunswick, Canada. y. H. Stafford, Safety Director, Chapman and Dewey Lumber Company, Marked Tree, Ark G. R. Vaughan-Evans, Employment Su pervisor, Anglo*Newfoundland Development Company, Ltd., Grand Falls, Newfoundland, Canada. . C. E; Wilds, Superintendent,. Wood Op erations, The Brown Paper Mill .Company, Inc., Monroe, La. Sr t I I- :| a 'r ;tf* '% Safety from Woods to Mill \. Panel Discussion CHAIRMAN WILSON: The first ques tion is this: "Can we improve in any way on our camp facilities from' a safety stand point?" Which one of you gentlemen is the biggest camp operator? C E. WILDS: We have about 1,500 men in our camps and they cut nothing but pulp wood, of conrse, running from. 9 to 12 indies through. . CHAIRMAN WILSON: The sire of the cut doesn't make any-difference, does it? MR. WILDS: It makes a whole lot of difference* in safety' operations. I think we can improve our camp {arid ities very much. To be. perfectly frank with you, the pulp operations in the South fol low a safety program only to a remote de gree. After- you get outride of the mills, why, there is nothing except the tugger, ax and saw and it is telling on oar contractors. That is why' I wanted to come here today and see if we couldn't get someone inter ested in our problems in the South. We have a safety director and he is very efficient in our plant, but when we get beyond the rail road yards of our plant, why, there is abso lutely nothing doing. It is costing our con tractors a good deal of money and, of course, that reflects back on our wood pay roll CHAIRMAN WILSON: There is no question about that Taking advantage of die Chairman's privilege, I might suggest that you get some definite legislation down there on safety codes pretty soon, .because good ness knows you need them. MR. WILDS: We sure do. CHAIRMAN WILSON: The solution to safety in a great many places rests:entircly on legislation and ..enforcement It has taken us here in Illinois a good many yeari to get to the place where we now are, and we still have a long way to go; buf.we lave aDepartmenPof Labor and this deputy wbo was here today .with his movie film is an ex ample of the^present-day Department of Labor inspector in this state. They are try ing to do an honest job. Still, we ;haven't a complete set of safety codes. As for you folks dowti-there, you meed it and need it very badly, not only for die logging industry hut for almost everything else down there. New Brunswick Regulations HARRIS FLAHERTY: We have re cently had some. legislation passed in our province on the way in which a camp should be constructed and where it should be lo cated in relation to sanitation and health. I.quote: "Camps should be located and constructed with due regard to sanitation and health, lo cated at least 100 feet from any lake, stream or other body of water, with floors one foot frottv the ground which shall be properly drained and with smooth surface so as to permit of washing. The walls must be at least eight feet in height above the floor. * "As regards lighting; there shall be one square foot of window, area for every 20 square feet of floor areal All windows shall be constructed so that they may be opened or dosed* at all times. Roof windows shall not be located over bunks. - Paper and Pulp Section 573 i '/ "Ventilation--at least 300 oibic feet of air etc. I don't see, so far as Quebec is con space for every occupant and a separate cerned and possibly Ontario, just how we , ventilating system in the roof! can improve our camp facilities. "Bonks to be either angle or double deck CHAIRMAN WILSON: I would like to , at least 18 niches above floor. Field beds are say that about ten years ago every province deemed unsanitary. Straw ticks or mattresses in Canada took over the idea of compensa to be in good condition and blankets kept tion insurance. Don't let these Canadians .clean and sanitary. - ^ get away with the idea that they have always "Wash room , space where men may bathe had this type of camp, because they haven't. and Wash clothes. Provision made for ex* - We were tickled to death'to have the provelusion of flies from dining room, kitchen inces take over some of the camps that we or other places where food is stored, pre insured 100 miles from anywhere, and God pared or eaten. :` knows they were plenty tough. ' "Latrines or privy pits shall be provided To our friend here from Louisiana I so' as not to be a source of danger to any would like,to say that there is your answer: water supply.. They should be at a' reason legislation--definitely. They won't do it un able distance from the camps and kept in less they are forced .to do it. And the next sanitary condition." s job they have to do is to force these bohunks 7 Now, gentlemen, the camps in the section .. to use the facilities that they have had to where I come., froth have been built any old provide for them. way and there has been no legislation until .Our second question is this: "What facil recently as regards the manner in which they ities can be. provided for first aid (a) in the were to be built. However, through the leg camp, (b) in the field, and (c) during trans islation which we have been .working on thhb portation?" Who is a good first aid man in . past year, we hope to get better living quar this group.of experts? Who does a real job ters for the men working in our- lumber on that? camps.. O MR. DICKINSON: Do-you have any Facilities, for First Aid prohibition about the storing of dynamite in the bunk house? That sounds like a fool MR. jCANTIN: We do not allow a con question,-but I have seen many a bunk house tractor'to go into the woods for the execu in Wisconsin and Michigan where dynamite tion of his contract before he has met the was kept under the; shooter's bed to keep it safety director or the first aid man, at which from freezing. I have seen two or three tons .:.time he is handed a first aid . lot which we of it stored away lit a hut in the middle of think covers.^the'.requirements^ These first a village, and-the mill, owners were very aid kits are SftpposoMo cover the require wrathful when I suggested to them that the ments for a camp of 25 men. If the camp . stuff be. moved out into a bulletproof mag azine about a thousand feet away from the ' has .150 or 75 men, we give him two kits or three kits, as thecasemay be. . .camp boundary. That was-a common oc The company gives him the kit free of currence not manyyears ago. charge, but be las to refill thej kit las he MR.J FLAHERTY: . Dynamite in our camps is usually stored in a storage bouse outside the camp. rs j. E, CANTIN: We employ about 5,000 men in the woods during the cuttings season and so we have & good many camps. ,Up in Baie Comeau we had about 35 ounps last .your, contractors' camps. We have had reg ulations concerning the construction of lum ber camps in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario for a number of years. The regula tions are very strict as to the way we can. build a camp--how far away from^or dose to the'water it must be--as to the number of square feet per man that you can put up. goes along; as it is used up. We have a safety inspector, a safety director or a scaler who acts as an inspector, and as he goes around to-the different camps, he checks on the safety supplies. CHAIRMAN WILSON: Who riders first aid in these isolated location^? MR. CANTIN: That's another question. Each- contractor has to have a clerk, because we have a forestry commission which is very strict as to what we must do in the way of keeping proper records of the wages earned by the employees in the bush, whether cat ting ly cord or working by the day or the month. 574 29th National Safety Congress For the last two years we have made it a important items to cany in it is a tourniquet rale that this clerk must be a first aid man. MR. CANTIN: I am glad to say that we This rule has been a little^ hard to enforce use the American Army tourniquet in every because it is hard to get these clerks a week . one of our boxes. or two or three in advance in order to give them some first aid training. However, we Safety Consciousness . have sold the contractor on die idea of hav ing a good first aid man in his camp and so CHAIRMAN WILSON: Let us go on when seeking to hire a clerk he locks for a to our next question: ''Since as in other in man who has bad some first aid knowledge dustries'the majority of accidents in logging and experience. and lumbering have human failure as their The course* which we give to .our em- basic cause, what steps can be taken to pro .. ployees and to these clerks/is the St John's mote safety consciousness among, the-actual Ambulance Course, which Is something like workers in these operations?" Would you your Red Cross here- It takes about three . like to say something about that; Mr. Staf weeks to give this course. As a matter of ford? I fact there are four different courses to fol F. R STAFFORD: Welt you can't put low. They can take them inride of three mechanical safeguards around the men in years, after which time, if they pass their the field, and so you most depend entirely tin- last course, they receive an instructor's cer the strength of supervision. Personally, I tificate. believe tint that is about the only way, In my company we have about 55 or 60 - through a process of education and safety first aid men who work in woods operations' supervisor!, -that you can make them safety during the season and we have found that conscious.. it was good money invested, because many . CHAIRMAN WILSON: Here is some times in previous years we had men until thing which may interest those of^you liv bad wounds come in from the forest with a ing in Arkansas and everywhere me The: dirty old sock wrapped around it-and that's Canal Zone today is working, at least sev how they were taken to the doctor. You all eral thousand Jamaica negroes, who perhaps know what results from infection. We have are of a modi higher caliber than these succeeded in reducing the cost of our acci fellows yon have down in the hillbilly coon-' dents because we have been able to give try. These men are' being educated to do good first aid,.and we are certainly sold on every form of work by visual education, fay this idea of a; good first aid man in every means of.-'movies. They are trying to! show camp daring the season. them how to use a saw properly from on- ' We are working how on the problem of deraeath. They can't ^e ^taught to use a giving the man in the fidd.a first aid kit. handsaw on the top of a stick; .they saw - We already have two or three of the first only from underneath. But they areshown aid companies interested in-this idea. One every operation, even as to how to use a thing we pointed out to these companies is shovel, and how to use a hammer and how that the-first aid kits- which you buy in. a to set a board or make any kind of a trim. - drug store .usually have these straight-edged The contractors'have taken along with them ' boxes, so they are actually selling you a.^ 10 key men, and these lay men manage 700 hazard. We told them flatly that unless they " or 800 or perhaps 1,000 of these negroes^ supplied us with a rolled edge box, it was and they are taught every job they are sup no dice, and they are working on the prob posed to do fay means of visual education. lem now. It'seems-.to'nie that yon folks down in Lou MR. DICKINSON: I'll say "Amen" to isiana might very well take a leaf out of that I got myself, a first aid kit and when that book. I came upon somebody who had been hurt _ in an automobile wreck and went to offer aC . ' Educational Programs ~ , . e- bit of first aid, I cut my thumb when Ltried to open the box. MR. CANTIN: The suggestion'is very good. I believe that.what is needed`in the ' MEMBER:-One other thing you didn't pulp wood logging operation . is an educa mention, in connection" with your first aid tional program; we have to educate the outfit; it seems to toe that one of the most workmen on how to work safely.'It is a big Paper and Pulp Section , 575 job in our kind of operation because of the tario,-it is called, the Workmen's `'Compen large turnover of workmen. We have these sation Board. These associations depend for men,for about four to five months in the their activities on grants received from, the year, and from one year to another I would Commission or the Board, and .they haven't saythatabout75 per cent of them are new received enough money to go very far into workmen who come in. -You have no sooner ; the problem. That is Why we are looking to started ;a program of education to teach the National Safety Council to help us in these men bow to work safely in the woods this work. than you find that the operation is finished! so you have toTtegin all over again the fol lowing -.season doing the same thing. . * . iV Promote the News Letter With this in mind my company has pub CHAS. E. JONES: I think.this man has lished a monthly magazine, a little house brought up something that is dose to me. organ, which is entirely for .the woods op We have a "News Letter" in the Wood eration end Of our business. Our pulp and. Products Section that supposedly includes paper mill has nothing to do with it Every logging and lumbering, and I know that you thing in this little magazine conocms the - fellows in the woods operations are let out forest worker. We have a page for the of that thing because yon. don't use it .eboks, we have a page for the teamsters, we In bring an editor one must also be a sort have a page for the tractor operators, and of clearing house, and in answer to the gen- r,we have two or.three pages winch contain tieman's question regarding posters I would ~ items of local interest We have three plants .like to say that that can easily bearranged and- this little magazine is^sent to the work- provided we know just what itis that we . men in all three. It is issued once' a month. .-want I can't'sit here in Chicago and draw . We also have three or four pages' show ing these men how to do a certain job, how ' to avoid an accident when doing a certain task; and, incidentally, we have a page that deals with die subject of first-aid. This year we published 2,00Ql copies of this .magazine - cadi'month. We can't Very well give a copy tcC-each. individual man but we try to .give cadi camp a copy for every two mot in that camp and they passit around to.one another. a picture of a fountain, 'for instance, and : send it up to the north woods'and expect those men up there to thinkof it as a safety poster. ., I have been requesting them to said as ideas and pictures for more than, a year, and yet I still have to receive one. Yon prphably have cameras in the woods. Why don't yon work it out a little bit? Maybe the information you have, is the very thing the other fellow wants, and we have to ar range some place where it can all be .pub together... ' Y-/ .1 have found that this manner of educat ing. the workmen is. bearing fruit because ; they have a radio nowadays in the camps at :. night and lots of die men like to read. We' supply them with .newspapers as much as we can, .This little magazine is interesting As regards this movie business, we all saw a swell movie here today sponsored by the Western Pine Association. I would like to give yon my opinion of that movie, which is this:,They are selling western pine.wood and that's the object of their piirture, arid' also bowse we try. to make sketches:to' I know that that isn't 'what you .fellows show in picture form what we are ^tempt -want Yon can't take a pictorp like that up ing to corner in words. We have, found, this into your camps. What does it have to say? to be a good way of educating die wood- Nothing more nor less than the fact that cutter. western pine .is a darn fine wood, and we Another, good way is by means of safety probably all know that already. posters. I am sorry^to say that I have yet ,,' If yon are going to use any movies at all,... to see a safety poster issued by any associa 'then I believe that) the thing for you to-dotion "which coyers woods operations specifi . is to let ns know about it We are notCaskcally. We are beginning to get some. Local ing you to donateCany film. We only want { safety"assodadonr-have started,to put-them you to letlus know that.yquhave it After out, but they sue somewhat limited, due to that ^ means of a little cooperation, we the fact* that they are state-subsidized insti may be able to get some orthese pictures in tutions. In Quebec it' is called die.'Work-' such a form that they will not only be men's Compensation Commission; in On shown here.bat may be loaned out' Let us 576 29th National Safety Congress try and find pictures on logging operations you put out? After all, some of these ne* that aren't trying, to sell something besides groes down South can't read. this thing that we are all vitally interested MR. CANTIN: It just happens that up in, namely, safety. ' our way die workmen can read them. There I am very much disturbed about this is no fancy stud in them. They are written thing, fellows, from this angle: You elect a in the language which these men use when man to a job as a "News Letter" editor and they, speak. Whenever they use any word you'*vsay, "Well, we hope he does a good incorrectly or whenever they use a slang job." How can he? You lick him at every.:, , word, we try to educate them by putting the turn he makes. My friend up there in the correct usage or the correct spelling of the chair answered one of my letters last year word in brackets. and said, "Sure, I'll help you out," and then he sent me one little'article and I sure put it in the, "News Letter." After that he just forgot about its existence, it seems. I know Jim is a busy man, and every one of you fellows has had the same alibi. Now I hope that some of you felTows will just pick out one of these subjects that are listed here on this sheet and write me your opinion on it in an article containing not more than fifty words. If we could only get ten such opinions on various topics and print those in the "News letter," it would be most interesting and help a lot, because then you would all be able to sit down and digest that information at your leisure when you are not at these meetings. MEMBER: Would it impossible to train' all yourvmen in first aid, do you think? CHAIRMAN WILSON: That is a diffi cult problem,.because of the length of time required im which to give a man an intelli gent. first aid course. Take the case of the Western Electric Company out here at Hawthorne, for example/where they taught something like 4,800 men, all of them key men, over a period of one year. Then the following year they 'taught the group of men second in command, so that in: the course of the last few years they have prob ably trained about 5,000 men who are ca pable of being first aid instructors, all of whom thqy now have on their working staff. But it's just wonderful, the reaction which MR. CANTIN: I agree one hundred per some of these fellows receive,' the minute cent with what Mr. Jones has .sgdd'^bout they get into a first aid training school or motion picture films. - As a majter^df* fact, class, because they immediately become con my company has been working orffhe project scious of ^afety procedures. .of making a film of woods operations, their hazards and how they can be avoided. We already have a scenario prepared. O. C. BOILEAU (R C A Manufactur ing Co., Camden, N. J.): What we did was to start a class of about 30 fellows, giving CHAIRMAN WILSON: You will find them 100 hours of training. That induded that you will get a lot of support from the- the standard Red Cross' course of 20 hours, other associations if you will get something and an advanced course of 10 hours, and worth while. the standard instructor's course of 37 hours . MR. JONES: Why don't you- put the Wood Products' "News Letter" on your mailing list? .7 MR. FLAHERTY: As regards this mat ter of education and the development of safety consciousness in the lumber woods, with a little thrown in for good.measure. Then we broke them down and gave each of those instructors a certain group of men to teach. Thus far we have put through about .1,000 people, and the same sort of thing is spreading all over our local county. there is something we have got to put over and we are trying hard to put it over in Mechanization Problem* ' order to cut down accidents. CHAIRMAN WILSON: All right, let's You not only have to talk to the men but go on with the next question: `TIas the you also have to get -the foremen safety- mechanization of woods operation any effect minded. -The.companies-must get after the bn accident experience? If favorable.effect, foremen and see that they go around to the has been.noticeable; how far can mechaniza men so that they can keep after them and tion be efficiently carried?" see that they are doing die work safely. S. W. HOMAN (U. S. Labor Dept, MEMBER: Who reads those magazines Washington, D. C): We have just com- Paper and Pulp Section 577 pletcd a study oi the accident experience's! want to bring,in, the experience of any indi various parts of the country. One of the vidual, company. This study was not based, things we wanted to find out also was the I'believe, on pulp wood. Pulp wood was ex accident experience in those sections that are cluded. It was. only based on commercial highly mechanised compared to die accident logging... experignce%"tiiose sections where.mecfaa* CHAIRMAN WILSON: Have any of nizatfonleisn'tbeen duririiquite'so far. yon gentlemen ever had any actual experi CARMAN WILSON: What was the ence in a relative measure between mech resultof-your findings? Has it increased oy anized and handlabor? decreascd? . MR. FLAHERTY: I have found that in MR. HOMAN: It has increased, mate the mechanization of woods operations, par rially. In die Washington'and California ticularly iq the sawmill operation of handling areas where they have a great deal of mech of heavy hardwood, almost every year there anization, both their frequency and.seyerity has been something new going on. All sorts rates were higher than they were in the of tractors and trucks have been operated South; and in the South they were some* night and day in order'to get lumber out of what higher' than were those in the central the woods in as short'a'time as possible. section of the country, which included such CHAIRMAN WILSON: And that has states as Michigan and Wisconsin. - 'increased accidents. CHAIRMAN WILSON: What is the MR FLAHERTY: There have been many answer? Selection and. training'and super more severe accidents - as a result of the vision? , - mechanization of woods operations. MR. HOMAN: ! don't think so. I think CHAIRMAN WILSON: A lot of the more than anything rise this mechanization men have.been killed as a result of such lias increased so rapidly, and the type of mechanization, haven't they? machines that they use are so powerful, that it has simply gone ahead' a great deal more rapidly than any safety program of training which should have accompanied it MR. FLAHERTY: Yes, especially in the case of those companies handling heavy lumber, such as yellow birch.. Take somefellow who perhaps has only driven a truck CHAIRMAN WILSON* I think yon around a farm or a bit of freight on the have to select the mm who are going to highway and put him on a lumber truck, handle any land of machinery. Take rius expecting him to propel the vehicle through long chain saw, for example, which we saw the woods on poorly constructed roads with in the picture--you certainly must have a huge loads of heavy timber. Of course a lot properly selected, properly trained, properly of aeddents are going to take place as a supervised crew to handle that soft , of , result of that practice. * equipment. CHAIRMAN WILSON: All right, let's M. C GOODSPEED (General Electric go ahead to the-next question: "Is it ever Co, Erie, Pa.): I would like to ask this safe for one man to work alone in the question: Yon compared the mechanization woods?" of the West with flat of the South and with that of the central',section. Did yon com The answer is definitely no. I don't think pare the mechanization of the West with.the we need to discuss that at alL That is one hand.operators of the West and. the mech of die .things we. must do in this country: anization of the Sooth with the hand op^ we most have some regulations prohibiting erators of the South, because the products that from ever happening. I'm sore we all are so different that you can't.even com-' agree on that pare the two industries? Here's the next question : "Since the acci MR. HOMAN: The answer to that, so dent rate for' large 'operations seems to be far. as we are concerned, is no. We base lower than that for smaller ones, what this entirely on getting together as large. measures could be taken to control the op ' groups' as possiMaln other words, we were erations of smaller -operators for the bene not doing tins for individual companies. We fit of all?" were malting comparisons of a section where Every' safety man here knows that that is a certain type of logging was bring carried a problem today ndi in the paper arid pnlp on with another section. We purposely didn't .woods operations alone or in any other one 578 29th National Safety Congress particular operation; it is a universal prob think I have a little/sidelight on something lem. Safety for the small operator is the that has been brought out here: The gentle big problem before us today. man a few moments .ago said -something about the small contract logger. In many Large or Small Operations cases it is made up of a partnership of two or three or maybe as many as twenty-five MR. HOMAN: Mr. Chairman, may I men, all of whom share. equally in the interrupt for a moment? On the basis of - profits, if there are any. Because they are this study that we have just made, strange all owners of the business, they do not come as it may seem, the larger operators have .under the jurisdiction of the compensation had considerably the worse safety record. law, and if one of them is hurt or killed in CHAIRMAN WILSON: You haven't got the story correct' You are not getting the woods, it's just too bad. He is a partner and he is just out the reports from these fellows who are Another point is that that type of indi gypping you. The contract cutter, whether vidual probably is a man who has had 10 he is cutting logs, or pulp wood or what not" , or 15 years of woods experience, and he has --running sawmills in Minnesota or Wiscon saved up a little stake, and he gets together sin or down in Arkansas--just doesn't fur with Harry and Bill and they start a little nish you with the correct figures. ....... logging cooperative, and they probably are MR. HOMAN: I agree with what you say. It was always my impression, too, that the pick of the woodsmen. That's just an other slant on the point that was mentioned. the small operator should expect to have the CHAIRMAN WILSON: Would you be worst experience. But strange as it may good enough to take the chair for a few seem, so far as we. have.gone with.this minutes, Mr. Dickinson? thing, it seems to be just the reverse of (Mr. Dickinson took the chair.) that The very large operator employing '1,000 or more men has had a worse experi ence than the operator employing, say, 500 Felling and Cleaning men; and as you come down the line to the small operator employing up to 25 persons, you find that the latter's experience is still better. C CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: Our next question comes under the heading of felling and cleaning: "What are the greatest hazards involved in felling and what means can Now, there is no question about the fact be taken to control them?" Would you like that in taking a national sample you don't to say anything on. that, Mr. Vaughan- get the small fellows at all, but you do get Evans? practically all the large ones and practically all the medium-sized ones. G. R VAUGHAN-EVANS: We don't have, a great number of hazards in connec CHAIRMAN WILSON : You also get ah tion with felling. I would rather "pass the accident report from the first aid room or ,buck" .on to somebody else who can prob from the first aid man in the camp. You ably answer that question better than I can. may get dressing reports in many of die states which state that these -are not' acci dents, but I say that they are. When you get these reports, the higher degree of intelli gence that is displayed in their handling, the. more accidents actually have taken place, I' say that your picture is somewhat-clouded. MR FLAHERTY: Our:chief hazards, as I see them, in felling operations are to be found in old stumps, in. limbs falling down and cracking jthe -men- on the back of.'.the head or on the shoulders, and in kickbacks ..of trees over stumps. The only thing wet - can do is to have jour foremen instruct their MR HOMAN: We could get a great deal men as they go into the woods to watch out better and more accurate reports than those for those hazards."Undercutting and clear we do get I stated a little while ago that the higher the mechanization, die greater the accident rate. Maybe that is reflected over into the fact that the ,larger die com pany, in all probability thefgr^ater its 'mech anization has been.' . '--' ing the ground sometimes will have a great deal to do with offsetting those hazards. CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: There is one other angle that hasn't been mentioned in addition to your kickbacks,! had a good deal of experience in the insurance field . MR DICKINSON: Mr. Chairman, I many years ago.' We had a lot of accidents U Paper and Pulp Section 579 of what we called the "bear-trap": type - ing to do with the preparation of the ground. ) wherein a tree after being cut will hang at The answer seems to be no except on the a 45 or 60-degree angle on a couple of small big stumps. trees. What are you going ..to do in such Question: "Can any safety training cases? How are you going to get the tree methods be used to promote safe felling? down safely besides not spoiling the-sup It so, what?" Does anybody want to discuss porting trees? That, of 'course, is a very that? hazardous operation. It is more or less akin R. W. LAUGHLIN (Liberty Mutual In to the rock pillars in a coal mine. surance Co., Portland, Me.): One thing MEMBER: I have .worked in the woods has been done that would line up with what quite a bit myself and I know that the best has been done by the gentleman from On of sawyers will hang up a tree and often tario and Quebec. We have made up some times they have gotten out^bto having an 1 booklets'with pictures on every operation in other tree thrown across itfJBm if you are the . woods which we distribute to the men careful' in seeing that your road is fairly in the camps.-They contain illustrations of clear so that they cain..make a quick get typical jobs in the woods and can be away when the tree begins to fall, there studied by the men. won't be any chance of getting caught in it , CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: Will you CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: It would send some of those copies to me at' the Na seem where you have tractors and trucks tional Bureau of Standards or to the State that a -.cable or chain around your .small Industrial Commission at Madison, Wiscon tree could straighten that situation out. sin? MR. STAFFORD: We have instructions MR. LAUGHLIN: I shall be glad to do to the effect that the workmen should not 'so. cut down trees when there is a high .wind. CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: Our next CHAIRMAN- DICKINSON: There, again, your supervision is. responsible. subdivision has to do with swamping. The first question is this: "What types of equip When yon have men working on a contract ment can be used for safe swamping from cord-basis, they are probably going to keep . the stump to the loading point?" Here, on cutting and take chances under-unfavor again, you could write a book on this sub able conditions sometimes. ject, quite obviously. Our next question is this: "Is any prep aration of the ground feasible ?" Question: "What is the general opinion of the use of'`Go Devils' or.sleds support MR. CANTIN: lit our kind of an opera ing one end of the sticks?" Well, that is a tion I don't believe we can prepare the common method of fogging up in the north ground. We are cutting in a very hilly woods of Michigan and Wisconsin and else country andthe wood is small, running on where in this Midwestern area, and it has ..an average of about 20 cords- to- the- acre.- been in use for a- hundred years or more 1 never found impracticable to prepare the ground in our land of business. CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: I shall read thesecquestions through -and: then if Question No. 3: "Should any attempt at cutting sticks to uniform lengths be . made. . before swamping?" Well, that again is a function of the terrain and depends on your anybody wants to discuss any particular one method of handling logs or the purpose for . he can do so. "What precautions should be which you are going to use those logs. taken in regard to the tools used in fell ing?" That is one thing which the logging Our next group of questions comes under committee is definitely going to cover. We the heading of loading, transportation and have appointed a committee on small hand unloading. Question No. 1 is this: "What is tools, and we.hope to have the forest serv the most efficient size range both as to di ice and three or four sectional, groups figure ameter and length for safe handling of pulp - out some definite operating rides on the from woods to mill ?" handling, carrying, sharpening and using of MIL STAFFORD: Mr. Chairman, we tools which tiie men handle: cut a 12 or 14-foot log in preference to a Question: "Can any considerable amount 16-foot with two' knots,- if the 12 imd 14 is of clearing or cleaning be done before fel)- clear, for the lumber value. ing?" That is tied in with the question hav- CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: On the ' r-\ X 580 29th ffiaifottal Safety Congress other hand, your cypress is cut entirely full offthose and pjtt a safety toe cap on them. log because they float them on rafts and mRaCHANT: A steel toe cap? Have boats and it is much easier to handle them yotnhad any experience with the regular in the mill in full lengths. rubb^r^footwear that had a hard rubber Question: "Is there any particular type of toe cap in it? '^ sling which particularly lends itself to safe MR.CANTIN'. No,I haven't ~ handling with cranes?" MR. CHAN?: Those are made in Can MR. FLAHERTY: The safest sling I ada. They only cost 25 cents a pair more have seen is a double steel chain with a ring than the regular ones. at each end and a bar between the chains. ) Safety Shoes CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: Question: "Is there any particular type of toggle which' reduces the hazard in releasing a load?" CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: Question: One of the most hazardous occupations in "What methods can be used to promote the the whole Arid' is that of unloading logs, use of safety shoes by wood handlers?" whether they are heavy logs or medium- Does anybody here use special.shoes? weight saw logs or pulp wood. There are MR. CANTIN: We have spent a good deal of money trying to get our workmen in the woods to use safety shoes. We hid a boot made with.a safety cap and the best calf leather which would sell ordinarily at retail for $15 or $16, and we offered this ; more men hurt in that type of occupation than almost any other. As far as.your saw mill accident statistics are concerned, I know that 20 years, ago that was the pri mary cause of serious accidents, the high est rate. shoe to the workmen at cost price, which On the-West coast, strangely enough, you was $7.10. Well, I think I still have- 25 pairs of them left, having sold the balance didn't have so much trouble because-1 your logs.were so big that they had to be un tr to hunters. These woodsmen don't want Ibadrilbyppwer. In'the East to unload cars them, they don't like them. They prefer a they would cut out the wires and chop out boot or this rubber boot -with a leather top. the^stakes, ^ihd;then take a peavey and roll Now' I found that one of .the exhibitors here has a rubber boot with a safety toe off the logs which didn't roil off the flat car when the stakes were chopped. cap and in the soles he has some strips of On the WesL.coast they use mechanical metal, and I was. very much interested in it unloaders whirii cpnsist either of a jib crane because I think this may be the solution of arrangement over a poke or pusher, which our problem, as it is the kind of a boot that is a parallel bar mounted on very heavy the men up our way w*ant. If we can get . timbers, perhaps 18 inches square, used them into Canada, the men will buy them as pivots, and they simply place those because they are buying.the other kind. alongside a car, release the chains or stakes, MR. FLAHERTY: I have asked the men why they didn't use the safety shoes and their answer was that they found them too cold, particularly up in the north section where I come from. and start the locomotive, and as it. pulls this' parallel bar sweeps across the car and pushes the load off. I know of only one mill in the East where they have put in equipment of a similar type. CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: Of course, the answer to that is to get them two sixes bigger and wear two pairs of wool socks. MR. CHANT: Have you had any ex perience with gum rubber hoots, with hard toe caps? CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: That is the., common type used now. MR. CHANT: What sort of a boot wire you talking.about, Mr. Cantin ? Safe Loading Methods Question: "What is the safest method of loading on (a) wagons or sleds? (b) trucks? (c) railroad care? and (d) ships?" As for wagonfe-and sleds, the usual method is to estropJVra/'woods deck about the bright of yourJbody, jbring your wagon or sled up to it, and row the logs onto it with a peavey or jib pole. MR. CANTIN: The shoe.I had in mind MR. CANTIN: As far as pulp wood is lias a rubber sole on it I have had a manu concerned, they are thrown bn to the wagon facturer in Montreal make me a few pairs or sled by hand. Vvj7 Paper and Pulp Section 581 CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: When toad -'They work in a second hold a little farther ying on railroad cars, of course; that is gen- ' on'-and then'they move in when there is erally a -power operation, although not nec- enough wood dropped down into the first essarilyso with small logs. Has anybodyany hold and.4hey stack the wood. The accidents ideas to'bffer on how to cut down your load which We have had are mainly due to the ing hazards on railroad cars? The conven- piejaroons when the pick slips along the log . tional method for years has-,been to load and the man usually catches it on,the ankle from one deck About six indies higher than or on the calf of his leg If we could find, your car platform. a leg guard and an anlde guard that would 'How about ships?-Quite a tot of bad ac be' practical, that woujd answer the problem, cidents have happened in loading: logs onto but. we haven't got any so far. ships: In many cases the pulp wood is rafted CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: Did you dowu to the big booms mid then it is picked ever try a football shin guard?. up with a conveyor and dumped ipto the MR. CANTIN: No, it's too stiff. hold, after which the crew down there picks the logs np and stacks the cord wood as the stuff comes down. Apparently that is a rather hazardous undertaking. CHAIRMAN DICKINSON: Question: "Referring back to the question on mechan ization, what mechanical loading equipment MR. CANTIN: There is some.hazard, in is available which can be efficiently carried loading a ship but I think we have con into the woods?" Of course, we saw pic trolled that very well because we don't al tures today of a truck-type crane which was low anyone on the' ship when the wood is loading a truck ini the woods and that is as coming down from the chute into the hold. portable as the truck it feeds. 7/ J n ' O"', THURSDAY AFTERy NOON SESSION October 10,1940 CHAIRMANNCHANT: The first thing... Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corp., AI- on our progtanFthis afternoon will be the bany, New York, and Past President of the presentation of the contest awards by Mr. National Safety Council. J. E. Long, Superintendent of Safety, The Presentation of National Safety Council Awards in- the * "\ Paper and Pulpr Section Safety Contest Enrollment' in the. 1939-40 Paper. Industry pulp mills, were successful in improving Annual' Safety. Contest set a new high mark. their rates. 146 paper and pulp mill units and 29 paper and board re-manufacturing plants--a total Large mills had the lowest frequency of .175 contestants, employing 77,128 em- r.. rates, averaging 11.52 in Group A and 13.43 ployees, working lH<0>962ii}nan*hour-- in Group B. There were 10 perfect scores reported a total of 2,197 1ost-time injuries in the 12 months, July 1, 1939 to Jtme 30, in all; one in Group C, eight in Group Dr and brie in the Rermanufactoring Division. 1940. . & It is with great pleasure that I present, Frequency rates' of identical contestants ip the name of the National Safety Council, averaged 2 per cent above the rates in the the following awards of bronze trophies to 1938-39 competition. Rates increased 2 per the winner of first place in each division of cent in paper and pulp mills and 6 per cent,' , the contest, and Certificate.) of Merit to in. re-manufacturing plants. Two groups, C those companies which placed'second and and D, consisting of the smaller paper and third in each division: O 582 29th Natiottal Safety Congress Division 1 Group A 1. Price Brothers & Company Limited, Kenogami Paper Mills; 2,258,785 hours, 1 injury'. 2. Anglo-Canadian Pulp & Paper Mills, Ltd., Limoiloi, Quebec, Canada, 1,712,994 hours, 1 injury. 3. Hollingsworth & Whitney Company, Waterville, Maine, 3,365,605. hours, 9 in juries. Group B 1. Hoberg Paper Mills, Inc., Division "A," Green Bay, Wis., 1,008,543 hours, 1 injury. 2. St. Croix Paper Company, Woodland, Maine, 846^77 hours, 1. injury. 3. P. H. GlatfeJter Co., Spring Grove. Pa., 1,079.752 hours, 2 injuries. Group C 1. Strathmore Paper Company, Woronoco Mills, 538^31 hours, 0 injury*. 2. Southern Kraft Corp, Continental Div., York Haven, Pa, 691,229 hours, 1 injury. 3. Escanaba Paper Company, Escanaba, Mich., 706,464 hours, 2 injuries. Group D , 1. Sylva Paperboard Company, Sylva, N. C, 337,656 hours, 0 injury. 1. Spaulding Fibre Company, Inc, Milton, N. H, 190,367 hours, 0 injury. 1. United States Gypsum Company, North Kansas City, Mo, 183,742 hours, 0 injury. 1. International Paper Co, Livermore. Falls, Me, 170,199 hours, 0 injury*. 1. The Mead Corporation. Nashville, Tenifi, 169,686 hours, 0 injury*. 1. Hollingsworth & Whitney Company, Madison, Me^ 128^572 hours, 0 injury*. 1. International Paper Co, Riley, Me, 116,074 hours, 0 injury. 1. Spaulding Fibre Company, Inc, Hayes. N. H, 82,061 hours, 0 injury*: Division II 1. Bay West Paper Co, Green Bay, Wis, 97,663 hours, 0 injury. 2. Gaylord Container Corporation, St Louis Container Plant, 1,038^07 hours/2 ... injuries. ( 3. Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Atlas Mill, 329,565 hours, 1 injury. 7 CHAIRMAN CHANT: There remains what it is. I shall call upon our good friend the presentation of one more trophy, award, Scott Dowd to again deal with that award, and it is unnecessary for me to tell you Presentation of the Edward Benton Fritz Memorial Trophy A. SCOTT DOWD (President and Gen eral Manager, Fritz Publications, Inc, Chicago): The close of this sixteenth na tional competition in safety among members of the Paper and Pulp. Section, National Safety Council, again brings the associates of Edward Benton Fritz (affectionately known to us as "Dad") to this annual meet ing for the purpose of awarding the major trophy* of this contest "Dad," as the most of you know, was a pioneer of safety in the pulp and paper mills of North America. Through the medium of his magazine; The Paper Industry and Paper World, and the inauguration and sponsorship of these annual contests, his efforts were expressed in promoting safety in this industry. Since his passing in the spring of 1939, the staff of Fritz Publications, Inc, - Chi cago, has conceived the idea of perpetuating his memory*' in this safety work, by naming our annual'' award the "Edward- Benton Fritz Memorial Trophy," bearing his like ness. It was our pleasure to make the first award of this -type at the Congress, of last year: Now, we have the honor again to name the winner, which, in the opinion of the judges provided for in our rules, has estab lished the best record based upon fre quency, man-hours worked, physical condi tions, mid other contributing factors. . We were honored last year in having with us the treasurer of our company, the widow of our founder, our mother, Mrs. Edward B. Fritz. She presented the trophy with that loving thought that is the spirit in.which it is given by our company. Paper and Pulp Section 583 She isChonoringius again in the making man-hours without a lost-time accident in of this award to the mill; member which I the duration of the contest shall now annoimce is the ' Strathmore Friends, it; is an honor, indeed, for me to Paper Company, Woronoco, Mass., the win - present Mrs. Fritz. ner of Gronp C with the highestnumber of MRS. EDWARD BENTON FRITZ: sent this trophy to Mr.. Charles E. Hig Gentlemen and Ladies: It is with profound gins of the Strathmore Paper Company. pleasure and with profound gratitude- that CHARLES E. HIGGINS (Assistant to I greet you today. I am grateful'because of Treasurer, Strathmore Paper Co., Woron the great progress that all of you have made oco, Mass.): Mrs. Fritz, it is indeed a great in safety; and I 'am glad that I know you pleasure for me to accept, this trophy, es are not working for a trophy, that you are pecially from your hands, in memory of your working' for something to hang- on .your . husband, Edward Benton Fritz, and on wall so that you may -later point to it with behalf of the employees and the manage pride and say, "We did the best job of alL" ment of the Strathmore Paper Company You have all done -this out of the goodness we thank you sincerely. of vour hearts for the safety of life and limb, for'the safety of men who would be injured in accidents and perhaps' be crippled for the remainder of their lives. You have 'done all this because you want to be able to lie down at night with a good We want. you to know that when we get back home, this trophy will occupy a position of prominence in -our mills as a continuous inspiration to those employees who established this type of safety record. dear conscience, feeling that you have done CHAIRMAN CHANT: May I thank the best you could in your mill today for you, too, Mrs. Fritz, and attempt to ex the safety of humanity. press to you the pleasure that all of us It is forthat reason that I am grateful, have had today in your company. today, and I am so .happy to be able to pre- ' (A brief recess was taken). - . CHAIRMAN CHANT: Gentlemen, we will get on ,with the rest of our program. - I am going to introduce to you now R. W. Laughlin, Safety Engineer, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Portland, Maine. Mr. Laughlin has very kindly con sented to,.give us a talk and a demonstra tion this afternoon. Some of you may have had an opportunity of seeing and listening to this "act" before. I. have not seen it but from what I have heard about it I am looking forward to it with a great deal of anticipation. (Mr. R. W. Laughlin then gave a demon stration lecture which he called "A Bag of Safety Tricks," which, unfortunately, cannot be reproduced in these- records because it was chiefly a demonstration by pantomime.) ' General Round Table / CHAIRMAN CHANT: According to the .program, the next item consists of re-, marks tty the General Chairman Elect With jour permission I am going to skip that However, I do want to say that I deeply and : sincerely appreciate the confidence which you haye shown by giving 'me another chance to. make- good as your General Chairman.'I shall certainly try to the utmost^rod my ability to work in your interest and in the interest of the general cause of safety. . I want to thank you all for the coopera tion which I have received from you dur ing the last term and I hope to deserve a continuation of it during the ensuing twelve months. Now, we have on our program a round table discussion of certain subjects, but we have no table and it isn't round. With those slight differences,' I think we can proceed with our round table discussion. The first subject listed is that of "Safety Contests in the Plaht" I think that is intended to 584 29th: National Safety Congress mean interdepartmental contests or general amount of time lost, a 68 per cent reduction contests as applied to the one plant rather of frequency, a 93 per cent reduction :in than as between groups or numbers of severity and a."66- per- cent reduction in plants. Is there any discussion to be had on costs, or-a 70 per cent reduction in cost per that subject at this time? $100 payrolLI-am absolutely certain that a. large part of that reduction was due to the , Plant Safety Contests fact that our boys are trying so strenuously to get one of these bronze plaques. We have ERNEST AUGUSTUS (Mead Paper never won one of them yet, whereas some Company, Chillicothe, O.): Mr. Chairman, of the other mills have Won them, several I believe I have mentioned at various times - times, and our boys want one of those something about a plan that we have in our plaques: - - group of mills. First; of all, we have an Now*, in addition to this interplant con interplant contest based somewhat! on the test, in our plant we have a safety sweep- same set of rules as those used in our paper ' stake plan. Every month on "die pay day industry contests. We give a trophy at (he prior to the beginning of the month we give end of the year to that plant which has to every hourly-paid employee, at the pay made the lowest and best safety record .office window, a card whidt has a serial based on the combination of frequency and number printed at the top. On this card the severity. worker writes his. name and department, Some of yoil' goritleinen may have been at then tears the stub off, puts it in a box, and the round table-^discussion meeting this later these.stubs are,collected. He must morning and, if so, you^will recall having retain his portion of the card if he wishes heard some argument as to how important to win a prize.. severity is. I maintain that severity should be taken into consideration when determining the winner of any land of a contest And so we give .frequency rating 8 points and severity 2 points. At 'the end of'the month all employees in departments in which no lost-time acci dents have occurred during that period are eligible to win .we of five cadi awardj if his number should happen , to be pulled out Every three months, in addition to the of the box:. However, if in any department big bronze plaque awarded *at the end of the there has been a. lost-time accident during year, we award a quarterly first place the month everybody fit. that department is banner and a quarterly second place banner. disqualified. The'first prize is $25, the sec It i. based on the same system of scoring ond, $20, the third, $15, the fourth, $10 .and but it creates a little added incentive if the fifth, $5.00, the total of the five'prizes every three months somebody has a chance amounting to $75. ^ to win something, even though they may not have a chance to win die big prize at the end of the year. Mind you, the departments really aren't < competing-against each other; they are sim ply trying to win these -prizes one from I have some figures which prove that the' another. As a result of this system, every contest idea is ail right Over a period of man is watching every other man in his' de-. 6 years, among 11 plants in our group' that partment l have seen this happen: Some were participating in these contests, we fellow will come-along and put a ladder up showed an 11 per cent reduction last1 year .against a wall and if he hasit out a little over the previous five-year average in the further than it should be, somebody else in number of accidents--a 24 per cent reduc his department will come along and, say to . tion in time lost--a 21. per cent reduction him, "Say, yon frig So-and-sd, what's the in frequency--a 33 per cent reduction in matter with you? Do you want to keep me severity--and a 30 per cent reduction in from getting that $25 next month? I intend compensation, or a reduction in. cost per to win that $25, so you had better put that $100 payroll of 26 per cent ladder up at theproper angle." Each fellow I can show you some of the results that have been obtained in individual plants. For instance, in our plant at Chillicothe last year we showed a reduction of 65 per cent in the -is looking out for the other and, incidentally, he is looking out for his own interest, of course, because each mam feels that he is going to be the lucky winner.' number of accidents and 93 per cent in . At the end of the year we put $175 into Paper and Pulp Section 585 a big potLandall these departments are know of a number of others in use in dif given an opportunity, regardless of whether ferent plants,-just'variations on the basic they have bad an accident or not, to take idea;" .*' * .these numbers for the last month and-draw Icwould like to ask Mr. Augustus, as re 'them out, and somebody wins $19% another gards this matter of data to be put up on person.$50 and another $25. We did that. the bulletin board in the different phots, ' for tte boys in' some departments who per whether such information is only posted haps month after' month had a bad record eteh month or whether something is put and so began to -feel that they just didn't up' immediately following an accident in one have a chance, to ever'5 win any of' that of the departments, telling: just what hap- money. ,, . pened? In addition to that, every three months MR. AUGUSTUS: As sooh as an acci we have a drawing for the foremen of these - dent occurs, an .investigation is nude and departments on exactly the same bash, 'the findings posted on & bulletin boardby rywhere -we give prizes of $15, $10 and $5, the safety man in that particular plant. and every foreman is eligible in whose de c MEMBER: Do you mention the man's partment no>acddents have occurred during that three-month "period. If he has .had an name and present all the details of the case? accident in his department, {hen he'and all MR. AUGUSTUS: Absolutely. We give the other foremen Jn that deportment are out automatical^; they can't draw a prise. the man's name and if the supervision was to` blame for the accident, we say so.-We .. In my opinion, it is as a resultof these " two things more than anything else that give the whole story and we had any kickbacks from it yet have never our accident, record fpr.the last five or six SAME MEMBER: I have been,-toying -years has consistentlyi shown an improve with that idea and was wondering how ment, and wehave gotten the boys inter- , ested so that they are working for them many kickbacks one would get h^addjtion to, the posting of that, information,Vhave selves, they are working 'for each other,. you evei^iedjpostin^photograpte showing . and the plants are competing ^with' each the^unsafe condition or possibly'the grue other In trying to develop a better safety , some aftermath? record. And we send out every month to CHARLES H. ABEL (Kimberly dark these mills a list of figureswhich are posted Corp., Appleton, Wisconsin): Kimberly on the?bulletin board showing Just where' Clark Sot the past few years has taken ' each one stands, also containing a short pictures' immediately after the occurrence description of each accident .that lias been of the accident and in some-cases has gone reported--who is to blarney how much time through the actual procedure of showing .. i* lost, what it,cbsts, etc. o- how the accident occurredr-making a series CHAIRMAN CHANT: Will that nutke of pictures and. displaying them on the ineligible for prizes next month? . bulletin board with a full report MR. AUGUSTUS: .There Is one addi-, SAME MEMBER? Apy kickbacks? tional filing that I might say. When we MR. ABEL: No, they were very well first,^started. a year ago we gave about 40 received. In fact I think the reception on prizes; There was the same amount of money .that type of material has proved much bet involved but we had a $15 prize, a $10 prize, ter than on just a plain mimeographed fifteen $2 prizes and thirty $1 prizes,, so report . that more people got some of the money. But^'hen we put the matter up to the em ployes themselves, they said that th$y' would ratter have, fewer'prizes and more * money for each prize. ; CHAIRMAN CHANT:" There are a . CHAIRMAN CHANT: I call to mind a certain plant where, titis sweepstake idea has recently beat applied; Previously they had quite an elaborate setup wherein a rather large safety committee always made a very thorough investigation of every lost- number of variations in use oh that basic c time agrident ' and .the procedure took up sweepstake idea. Mr Long of file Bay West quite a lot of time. They used .to arrive at. Paper Company of Green Bay, Wisconsin some very laudable conclusions and did a described^ to us' on Monday a .somewhat thorough job of investigation, the com similar type of sweepstake. I personally pleted report sometimes extending over on . 586 29th National Safety Congress the second page of the bbutkljlletiinn that,went up against that and, if so, how they overcame. on theboard. ,n it?, `-V- .. However, since they have adopted the. MR. AUGUSTUS i We had thit argu sweepstake idea they have changed that ment at one time and we still have it once in method of publicity with good results. They a while, but I am convinced that it is just now put'up bn-the board, if possible, with something which we thinkris-'truebut which in 24 hours of the occurrence of a lost-dme realty isn't For instance, when we first accident, a notification of that accident and started out with our paper machines, the this' automatically wipes that- particular men who worked them said, `Why, we can't department out of being a participant in get by for even a single month without the sweepstake for that month. They- put having ah accident, let alonei for a- longer up just the bare facts of what happened, period 'of time." Wdl, we have now 11 without taking the trouble immediately to paper machines--some-of them are pretty find out who was responsible for -it and iall big and quite fast--and yet the men haven't the details involved. Merely a note saying, had an accident on those paper machines "Sorry, boys, but no sweepstake for your, for more than a year; yet they used to have department this month. John Jones tripped one about every two or three weeks. It has over a truck handle and injured himself.'' been proved that working on those ma That may be a thought which some of you chinesjs not any more hazardous than work may want to use. ing elsewhere. if you have a group of MR. CREIG: We are wondering whether safety-minded men in there. ` that tends to create a let-down for the For example, we have 27 men in our balance of the month for that particular riectrical department, and last August we, department? Fran what Mr. Augustus has had a retold of going along for fifteen said it seems that the- reverse of that is years in that department without a single true^ namely, that there was no let down lost-time accident; and yet your maintenance in hisplant ,-n. and electrical departments are normally CHAIRMAN CHANT : There is a Way considered very hazardous departments. It around that In the plant I have just men so happens,Jhowever1, that we have a fore tioned they do not use a calendar month man in jtiierqiwhoiis safety-minded, and he basis so far as the sweepstake is concerned. has simplystrained his men in such a man- Each department will have a sweepstake her that they just don't have any accidents. every time they go along for 30 days with We have had more accidents in our storage out a lost-time accident So if they have an. department than our electrical department accident today, they start their thirty-day has ever had, period over again tomorrow. Whenever they have , hit thirty days Hear, then they have a sweepstake. There is no period dur ing which tiiey can say, "Oh, well, we're washed np anyway, so what's the use of trying to be so careful?" MR. CRIEG: Mr. Augustus, how many men do you have in your mill? R. W. CROUCHER (Minnesota & On tario Paper Co.) : Mr. Augustus, did you mean to say that if your one plant goes along without a lost-time accident you pay out $1,200? MR. AUGUSTUS: No, no, we pay $75 per month in this one plant of ours at Chillicothe. MR! AUGUSTUS: We have about 1.250 hourly paid men who get these tickets. In cidentally, I might say that those depart ments are divided! into 21 different groups. You may have departments of 7 or 8 men and we put several of those departments together and call them one group. There is one thing I would like to men tion. Here is something that a great many of our employees prize very highly (holds' up sample certificate), a certificate that costs us less, than a penny apiece to print which says that such-and-such a person of a division, in recognition of a 100 per cent PHIL STARBUCK (Meredith Publish safety record during a period of five years, ing Co., Des Moines, la.)I have a bit of is awarded this certificate. On the bottom it a problem here. We wanted to start a con bears the signatures of the president of our test but we have a great difference in the company, of our division manager, and of . probability of accidents in our various de the superintendent of that particular plant partments. I wonder if anybody has come up at which the man is employed. Paper and Pulp Section -587 At the end ol fiveyears the worker re name on the bottom of the list Of course, ceives that type of certificate, which comes it doesn't count severity. I tun wondering in a frame/ At the end of ten years he'res if any other .plants have used such a plan ceives a gold certificate like this. (Shorn, and, if so, how it has worked out .there? sample.) At the end of fifteen^ years he receives still another type of certificate. Yon can go into the home of any one of these employees who has received snch an award (and I have done so many times) and yon CHAIRMAN CHANT; Will you define : a submajor accident for us? MR. BREWSTER: We count a submajor accident as one that is not lost time will- find .that little frame hanging up: on bat which requires a man to be sent to the the front room trail in a spot where every clinic (we have our own company clinic), body who comes in can-see it Also, I know .after which he will come back to work. In of a number of instances where' employees who have left our company in older to apply for- a job elsewhere lmve taken that Other words, it is a little bit more serious than a jminor accident, so that it requires not just first aid huts a' doctor's care. certificate along with, them as a means of MR. RICHARDSON: I don't see how convincing the. employment manager that we can control severity. We are interested they were good, safe workmeh so that they ' in preventing;accidents. Whether it's a bad might more easily get the job. accident or a minor accident depends upon W. S. BREWSTER (Masonite C6rp,, various conditions. Laurel, Mississippi): Sometime. ago we Foriinstance; if yon have a slipping haz tried to get a little competition among our ard-in the null, one man might slip on that foremen. Naturally, the hazards -are dif- .and fall down and light on his "farmy? and ' ferent all over the mill. Some foremen "get up and walk off again without any have many men and others not so many more ado; whereas another fellow ought men. Finally . I arrived at a system some-, fall down and receive a serious bruisefc-and thing-like this: I got die foremen divided a third person might come along and slip into groups; in pther words, a foreman and . break an arm or a leg So I don't see with 50-mat and over, a foreman with'25 how we can involve severity in that and be to 50 men, and a foreman with lO men and fair about it . ij' tinder. - CHAIRMAN CHANT: I think that Is Here is the way I count the' aeddeiits: T count each minor accident one point each submajor accident 9 points, and each major accident 25 points. That is'the ratio. At. the end of the. first week, let us say, if a fore man has a submajor and a minor accident in his department, that is 10 points against his department, and I divide that- by the number of men. he has working under him: something yon have to work outjfor your own plant You are perfectly right in saying that in general, by and large, we have very little control. over severity.. About all we ..can do to control it is to make sure of ade quate first aid, proper medical attention, etc, so that we don't aggravates injury need lessly. Aside from that there is little else we caih do. At die end of the second week, if he has. I am sore that we are all agreed that not had any more accidents, then l .divide, there is a great potentiality in a safety the figure by 120 because he has had that contest within the plant It doesn't matter many men working under him during those so much how yon work the thing out or two weelcs. I keep, this record of each fore what rules you have, there is a: value there man on a sheet showing his last week's that we can obtain by using a suitable type . record and his record to date.I of scheme.' ' * .. I don't know just how fair that system is. I- mentioned a. few minutes ago, somcIt seems to be working out quite welL The thing about the proper type of publicity for foremen are interested in it and the men are an accident. that was almost completely becoming interested in it as well In other solved by this sweepstake idea.! Just arwords, copies of it go to all superintendents range it any way yon want Instead of askand to tiie general manager, and they pnt ing everybody to read a long report-'and-to copies on the. bulletin boards, and the fore? " expect them to agree that , the committee man gets a copy. My theory "is that even- found the right. solution to. the! accident tnally he is going to get tired of seeing his after it happened,, just pot' up/the bare 588 . 29th National Safety Congress facts and. then let the arguing be done by can lure 150 janitors, but those janitors those who read them. State nothing unless still won't be able to keep die place dean. it is absolutely definite! The minute yon say, "John tripped over a track handle" and then add, "while not watching where' he was going," yon have the basis for trouble. I might also add that- we.have an all muon shop--we have contracts with five unions--and of course all of you know that in the standard muon contract there is a clause pertaining to-the cleanliness of the MR. CANTIN: I have known the sweep- mill. After a long time we really got some stake idea as applied in the camps and one cooperation from the boys and it' came company in my group has used it. with good mostly from certain individual members. effect. However, they don't give a cash We could hardly hold the representative prize. They give a prize (which amounts to committees responsible for the deanliness the same thing) once or twice each year of several hundred employees. for any camp that has gone along without a lost-time accident for a certain period of time. There is a drawing in die same way as dial already described here, and the prize is usually a purchase order which is good for . a certain value in the company store. Then we started a contest, winch, although young, is working out fairly well thus far. We hope to be able to improve on it by correcting some of the mistakes which now exist in the contest' rales. A man can get himself a'$5 pair of shoes "We had a planned inspection, amt we or an $8 mackinaw or something of that got the general manager to be one of an sort. As mills usually do not give a worker inspecting committee of three, and we an any time off with pay, sometimes the prize nounced the' date of our first inspection.. is a certain amount of time off with pay, We thought it only fair that everybody which in some plants in certain locations know when the first..inspection, would- be works better than the money itself. made. I was also a member of that inspec tion committee. Our plant never looked so Plant Housekeeping dean as it did that day. We couldn't be. lieve it ourselves and yet we were in it all CHAIRMAN CHANT: Our next sub ject has to do with the methods of main taining plant tidiness and good order. the time. Honestly, there were departments where you could have held a dance had the machinery been shat down. W. E. STRONG-(Marathon Paper Mills Co., Menasha, WIs.); By way of explana- tion, while we; are more in the converting business than in that of paper manufacwring--that is, our division does prating and waxing and finishing and converting of that sort--we had a lot of headaches main- We were hepped about; it We finished about noon, ^ we dedded that we would break .^departments up for Pnes the afternoon, and that is when our troubles started. There were twelve de- Payments set up and our task was a very difficult one. taming a clean plant; and as we look back I would; like to tdi yon what the prizes at it now, it seems as though we did a lot of were and still are. We are located about 35 fumbling for several years. miles from Green Bay and everybody living One of our problems was the starch spray within a hundred miles -of Green Bay is problem, and while you might refer- to.it ' very much interested in .the Green Bay optimistically as clean dirt, nevertheless die Packers football team. So' we offered as department in which it was used always prizes tickets for seats located on the fiftylooked very muss}-. Then we had a waxing yard line' to all the home games. Just what problem caused by a wax spray fandi`sraxH.we are going to do when die football season splashing, as a result of which buttress- / is taded we don't know yet rooms were hard to keep dean. Our little -^The second inspection was TMannnmw*t paper mill unit is a very old unit and that and here is the interesting part of the also offered a problem. whole thing: the department' that was in We kicked this thing around and argued about it a long time and we are definitely of the opinion that the answer to cleaning up is not additional janitor sendee. You third place , at the time die first announcement was made fell down, I ' believe; to sixth plSce, the department that was in sixth place at the time of the first inspection rivalry not only between the foremen but among the men themselves. We found out after.our-first inspection trip that there was : a committee of fellows, self-appointed from the pressmen's union, who inspected the dentally, one of the two departments that shared first place jnst' before we left for this convention, managed to do; jsb without one dime of expenditure overland above the normal amount of money I allotted in program: They are^ becoming cleanliness .* , .* * "5* * conscious, and if it takes $15 or $20 or $30*5 fcw PTM* here. They woe made by worth of football tickets to do it. it is money one of oar twicer's helpers, affairly good well spent, we The reaction of certain artist> 1 have brought them with me in individuals in the mill has been case , yon fellows care to see [them. They The day I was an inspector I walkedfcito J*'111 g* >u " indicatioh ti what we the finishing department and found a cer- have been doing along this line, min chap who fed the gluing machine . CHAIRMAN CHANT: Tt had been clean* shaven, and 1 had always known him hoped that we might-have an exhibit in *bc tb.be one of these fellows .who liked to gp . room of home-made poster niaifriyi^ but a I told .him why, and be answered, "Let member firms ran into op in the province them go ont-and look for the faults them- of Quebec, Canada--mid in oth^r localities-- selves." "But that isn't the answer," .Ire- is that of obtaining suitable safety poster plied. "They won't accept it". "All-right, material with the wording in a language then,.suppose yon' call all the interested other than English. Mr. Cantjn, I see, has parties together at eleven o'clock and we'll .in his hand a number of posters which he .meet with them." The three of us who had has had developed and then translated into . made the inspection met with those fellows the'French language for use in his locality. and we got thfe damnedest "haircut" you MR. CANTIN: We haven't much as far ever aw or heard of from tliosev foremen . as woods, operations are concerned in suit- who didn't win first place. able posters. Occasionally we have found Obviously the cost factor has to be taken that the Safety Council has issued posters into consideration in tins matter. Some de- that applied to some extent (to woods opera- - partments are hard to dean because of the tkms. Then it was our difficult task to process and type of budding they are; in; translate -them into the French language. others are. easy to dean- The nature of the Yon may have slbgans in English made up product in some departments, has a very , of three oP four words, bat when yon .. direct influence.As we have gone along translate those into French sometimes a' , and worked bn this thing, we have definitely whole line of words is required to give the decided to set up a scheme whereby the cost' . same meaning. 1 \. I I 1 | S | 1 | ' fk | J | | i | ;t1 1; | 1 590 29th National Safety Congress I am no artist but I can copy pretty posters are required. If we can get to the well. Some safety posters issued by the point where we can say to the Council, "We Council I lave reproduced and then had need 1,500 or 2,000 of these French posters mimeographed in two colors, naturally with every month," then they may be able to sup* French wording. ply them without too much expense, but CHAIRMAN CHANT: I am familiar with some of the difficulties that Mr. Cantin and his associates in the province of Quebec when it is only a matter of. supplying 25 or 50 such posters, then the Council naturally informs us that it cannot afford to do so. have had in obtaining suitable poster ma terial. I am much interested in what he has accomplished. I know that pressure has been put on our section poster committee or Visual Education Committee for several years hack so that we might, through them, reach the Council poster department with the Hew of getting posters put out by the Is there anything else, gentlemen? If not, may I. again thank you all for coming here and express to you my appreciation for the very' free and worthwhile discussions that we have had at these, meetings? You have all taken a splendid part in them and I am sure we will go home with some new ideas to make use of in. our own work, as well Council worded in French. But we run up as with`some very happy recollections of against the fact that the demand fpr such this congress. material is limited and the Council can't MR. STRONG: Gentlemen: I think that afford to make up. such material in small this group should express to Doug Chant quantities. a vote of thanks for his continuous efforts The answer seems to lie in the. fact, as shown by Mr. Cantin, that the company' itself has to do much of'this son of thing. In time we may be able to `do. something in holding this group together and building a program and giving us' the fine meetings which we have had. Suppose we give him a. rising vote of thanks. about this through the Council. At least I (The audience arose and enthusiastically hope so. The first requirement toward that applauded.) end, of course, is to get more members-- CHAIRMAN CHANT: Thank you very more Council members and more section much, gentlemen. It is undeserved but ap members--from those localities where such preciated nonetheless. ADJOURNMENT