Document xmqOQkd67Ne16noZnO6pLYxE

(g ! H". $ dj 1 ob-ffLLf nr/U'--O !LiIURQiiMARliYI NATIONALVermont PUBLISHED UNCI SAFETY NEWS AUGUST 1932 INDUSTRIAL DUST DISEASES The Willson Dustite Respirator, No. t, h<s$ (one* been popular with workmen for obvious reasons such -as the anatomically shaped irwsle which -jffords close face contact with but little headband pressure. The long fibre, cotton filter excludes even fine dusts from the system but does not labor breath ing or interfere with speech. Exhaust valves on either side of the respirator permit easy release of exhaled air and seal themselves automatrcaliy the moment intake starts. f'nce; $1 50 each, with 12 extra filters, Price of extra filters, $. ?5 per box of 100, f. o. b. shipping point, Silica Filter Respirator, No. 111 employs the same anatomically shaped rubber mask as the No. 2 described above but is equipped with a special hirer whtch aieady increases the efficiency of tbe inspirator m the presence of moisture. It is not .is likely to clou in high concentrations of fine dusts or m damp operations such as in silica dust, Ihe free, unlabored exhalation possible with this respirator makes relief valves unnecessary. Price: $135 each with 4 extra filters, Price of Silica f`he $ 30 per box of 25, f. o b- shipping point. IT's the "hidden assets'' that produce the fine results accomplished by I Willson Dustite Respirators in industrial dust disease prevention. Two respirators may resemble each other in exterior quality as closely as "peas in a pod" and yet one of them can be efficient enough to be used at the most hazardous job and the other might be good for only the least hazardous, or none at all. And that brings up the reason why so many industries are glad to pay a few cents more for Willson respirators, be cause with it they get the assurance of a hazardous problem being scientifically and correctly solved. In every Willson respirator goes the practical and scientific knowledge that has required years of time and thousands of dollars to acquire. Th* Willson Respirator, Type "B",oilers excellent protection in extra hazardous dry dust conditions and can also be used by .turdtinq the bag filter with chemical solu tions to neutralize mild acid and alkaline fumes. Face contact is comfortable and close. the bag filters are readily replaceable and can be washed and used many times. Price: with extra filter, $2,00 each. Addi tional filters, $1.00 per box of 3, f. o. b. chipping point. TO KNOW THAT YOUR DUST PROBLEM IS BEING SCIENTIFICALLY MET--CONSULT WILLSON WILLSON PRODUCTS, Inc., Reading, Pa, The NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS is publish**! monthly by the National Safety Donnell, North Wackcr Drive, Oucatfo, ill. Warty auhscription Price, jl.urt. Volume XX v I. Number :i, Entered an second clas* matter June, 1, !1, at the poatorfiee at rhtcago. III., under the Act of March 3, i*"y. AUGUST. 1912 Our BUSINESS *| BB mrm # ^t 'w=m II v* VrS-*" ` __-- . i/!* * hicagouna 'nrtn (it r.icrn ` it ini' till* ! Muf which provides adequate eye protection against potential eye hazards. The picture shows Ameri can Optical Company eye protection against the hazards created in bust ing off heads of mudring rivets on fire box of locomotive boiler, in one of the boiler shops of the Chicago and North Western Railway Company. American BURALITE "50" GOGGLES J464 gmtented NATIONAL SAFETY NE' protection Our efforts combined with yours will reduce Eye Accidents and help to cut your Compensation Costs. TTAVE YOU TAKEN adequate steps to assure eye safety in your plant ? Why not let us demonstrate the efficiency of our Safety Goggles and their application to your specific hazards? We gladly offer our Engineering Service to help you on all problems of Head and Eye Protection. Our Branch near you is listed below -- a phone call will bring a representa tive of our Safety Division. The GOGGLES im iite picture are DURAUTE "50V* A product of American Optical Company, which for IW years has specialized in products that have to do with good eyesight. In this boiler shop of the Chicago and North Western Railway Com pany each man's eyes are thoroughly protected by Buralite "SO" Goggles. Men like these goggles -- they are cool and comfortable. Check them point for point -- lenses, the hardest known to optical science-- lens rings, eyecups, bridges-- all designed and built for extra *trength. safety*, comfort, and durability. Optical Company S0 UTH BR ID G E, MASS A H II S E T T S SAFETY ALTOONA AMARILLO ATLANTA BALTIMORE BIRMINGHAM BOSTON BUFFALO BUTTE CHICAGO CHATTANOOGA BRANCHES CINCINNATI CLARKSBURG CLEVELAND COLUMBUS DALLAS DAVENPORT DKS MOINES DETROIT DENVER DUBUQUE KNID.OUa. ERIE, Pa. EVANSVILLE FORT DODGE HARTFORD HOUSTON HUTCHINSON INDIANAPOLIS IOWA CITY KANSAS CITY LINCOLN LOS ANGELES AUGUST, 1932 LOUISVILLE MASON CITY MEMPHIS MILWAUKEE MOBILE MUSKOGEE NASHVILLE NEW HAVEN NEW ORLEANS NEW YORK OKLAHOMA CITY OMAHA PHILADELPHIA PITTSBURGH PORTLAND, Ore, PROVIDENCE RICHMOND SAUNA SAN ANTONIO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE SHREVEPORT SIOUX CITY SPOKANE SPRINGFIELD, Mas*. SPRINGFIELD. Mu. >.t, Joseph ST, LOUIS ST. PAUL SYR ACUSE TERRE HAUTE TOPEKA TULSA WICHITA WICHITA FALLS YOUNGSTOWN 4 SAFETY SERVICE FOR THE BENEFIT OF TOUR INJURED EMPLOYEE You will want the IMPROVED DAVIS DRESSINGS AND TREATMENTS THESE DRESSINGS AND TREATMENTS BRING THE SAME ADVANCEMENT TO EMERGENCY FIRST AID AS DID THE ORIGINAL INTERCHANGE ABLE UNIT SYSTEM OF FIRST AID, INVENTED BY DAVIS IN 1922. (U. S. Patent No. 1.487,914) Afore Comfortable The water soluble base can be removed with less shock or loss of body heat than when grease base oint ment is applied. BANDAGE-COMPRESSES with COMPRESSES'of COTTON FILLED GAUZE . e- w! ' mwgBHTt V Wafer Siubfilk^\l ; TANNOID : containing 5% Tannic Acid yJjj Afore Absorbent The Tannic Acid content (5C,<) makes available in First Aid the recognized principle of the Tannic Add treatment of burn. MINIMIZES SCAR TISSUE for burns MINIMIZES TOXAEMIA DAVIS SPECIALIZED PROTECTION TO SAFEGUARD AGAINST EACH INDUSTRIAL HAZARD First Aid Division [ Gas Protection industrial Safety j Electrical Safety Personal 3: [ Division .Equipment Division! Equipment Division Protection Division! Davis i Davis 1 Davis i Kits Davis Burn Kits Snake Bite Packet Mine First Aid New iodine Tannoid-Bura Oint. t Davis Hot Pads t Contest Outfits ? Stretchers f Splints \ Gauze Bandages 1 Muslin Bandages f Absorbent Gauze & Adhesive Plaster 2 Absorbent Cotton | Saf.T-Top Bottles Oavis Canister Masks Davis Canisters Oavis Air tine Masks Davis Electric Blower Davis Safety Betts Davis Safety Harness Davis inhataters I. W. Gas indicator Respirators Bulletin Boards Davis Body Bolts Davis Sat-T- hats Firo Blanket* Davit Safety Straps Safes Leggings G. E, Hand Cream Davis Teel Buckets Safe* Spats Justrite Waste Caits Oavis Solder Catcher Sate* Sleeves iustrlte Safety Cans. Davis Spur Protector Safes Asbestos Safety Ladder Feet (Stephens Climbers ; Mittens Climber Strapsand Safe# Helmets Pads Safeo Coats Pliers Safe# Pants | Rubber Blankets .Sates Aprons Blanket Canisters \ Protective Sleeves j ~ 'W: j Serious thought about Protection ! leads to the use of DAVIS SAFETY EQUIPMENT THE IMPROVED ANTISEPTIC SWAB Cover to protect swab and keep it clean. Soft--ail cotton swob. Ampoule of Iodine or Mercurochrome Flexible cement casing The all cotton swab is highly absorbent yefappiies antisep tic with minimum pressure--prevents the edges of the tube from coming in contact with the wound. NATIONAL SAFETY \!:V warning 5* o the motorist** `Jt l)y in automobile fn ^ ing dsn*** broke* gb- the M*W ^tt he remod ,ro" m :M>bwdfiammr^Itfenoi W threw a brickbat, full force, at the windshield ofa car equipped with Ubhey* Oweixa-Fortl Safety Glass, A high speed camera caught it just as it struck. Notice how the glass merely cracked under the terrific blow. It did not shatter andfly. The brickbat actually bounced away from the Safety Glass windshield. Anyone sit ting in that car would have been safe. TH IS AMAZING TEST PROVES THAT Libbey*OwensFord This is what happened to thm ORDINARY Plato Glass Windshield. Thm brickbat mairigkt through it. Thm gaping holm thouv horn thm pieces of broken* flying gins* were tcetSmrmd through thm air and into the car. Thi* im ell that happened to the Libber ihtmsm Ford Safety Glass Windshield. The patented traits, parent 'adhesive ttui thm thin, clear pyroxylin plastic between the (wo sheets of fine glass pro. vented it from flying. SAFETY GLASS end to this menacing danger? Can anyone will protect motorists in authority over high ways and traffic ignore the sweeping, wide After this dramatic exhibition of spread benefits that the general the terrific impact that L-O-F Safety adoption of Safety Glass will bring? Glass will resist and still protect, an ordiraaryPlateGlass windshield was substituted in the car. When the brickbat struck the ordinary glass, there was a terrifying crash and jagged, razor-edged, danger-dealing chunks showered the interior of the car. Those are the flying daggers that cause so many injuries... need Can anyone dispute the fact that the universal use of Safety Glass will make motoring appreciably safer? Insist on Safety Glass iii your own new car. . . and advocate its use wherever else you can. L'O-F Safety Glass is used by Packard, Graham, Studebaker, Franklin. Reo, Willys, Will vs-Knight, Ford. < adillao. LaSai!e, Lincoln and Nash. less injuries that often have very serious, even fatal, results. Could anything prove more convincingly that L0*F Safety Glass will put an UBBEY OWEN'S FORD CUSS COMPANY, TOLEDO, OHIO, muQufiicturerii of Highest Ouality Mat Drawn Window <Jans, Polished Plat Gians and Safety Giasm alo distributors of Figured and WireGlass manufactured bv the Blue Ridge Glass* '.orporat ion of Kingsport,l'eno, Libbey- Owens -Ford SAFETY GLASS AUGUST, 1912 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND THE HEALTH OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AUGUST, 1932 o VOL XXVI, No. 2 Leading Articles This Campaign Was for Employers---Thomas W. Parry, Jr........................ 11 `Super-VISION'' Brought Safety---Carman T. Fish................................... 12 What Types of Persons Have Accidents I--Alvhh R. Latter,.......................... 16 He Won't 'Wear Safety Shoes!--Nils Jnell......................... .............................. 18 Congress Plans < -ompieted.................................................................................... 19 The Safety Engineer Aids the Life I'nderwriter--H. FP. Heinrich.............. 21 That Dawg-gone Dog--<7. II. Ferguson.................... ............... ......................... 23 Safety's Third Fundamental--(i. 1/. Briggs......................... ......................... 25 What's the Next Move?--IT. Dean Keefer....................................................... 29 Safe Electrical Equipment for Explosive Atmospheres..................... ......... 30 Before He Has an Accident--Instruct Him--Robert Clair........................... 24 Harriman Medals Awarded for Railroad Safety............................................... 48 Is Your Plant Fire-Safe!--J. A. Yoss.... .......................................................... 49 Seventy-three Life Savers Win President's Medal........................................... 51 Announce Winners in National Safety Competition....................................... 52 Regular Departments Editorial ................................ ...... 9 The Managing I.Hreetorf Page...............10 The Safety Exchange.............. The Bulletin Board...............,,. .40 Coming Events................... 52 Industrial Health ........... 5-4 Personals .....................................................,5? The Accident Barometer..................... ,. .58 The Safety Library....................... tffi The Honor Roll............ .63 With the Manufacturer..................... .66 Buyer's Servian ...................... 70 Carman T. Pish, Editor G. M. Briggs, Associate Editor Stanley H. Kershaw, Poster Editor C. H, Miller, Advertising Manager Copyright 193J8 by National Safety Council, Inc, Printed in U. S. A. Published monthly. Entered as seeund-ciass matter June 1. iai, at the Post office at Chicago, 111., under the act of March Zt 1879. The subscription price to members for extra copies of the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ia $4.00 per year. Single copies, 40 cents. Reduced quantity prices for yearly subscriptions and single copies on request. Subscriptions are available only to members of the National Safety Council. Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. This magazine Is indexed in the industrial Arts Index. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL INCORPORATED < Cooperative--<"Non-Commercial--Non-Political--Non-Sectarian) 20 North Waeker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. New York Office, 9 East 41st Street Office of the Education Division, 1 Park Ave.. New York City 6 National Safety Counci Officers, 1931-1932 Carl W, Bergquist, President S. I, Banasb, Vice-President for Finance J. E. CuiUney, Vice-President for SneineeHn Edward Dana, Vice-President for Puui- safety Howard B, Fonda, Vice-President for M*rr hershlp G> T, Hellmuth. Vice-President for Musing Administration John E. Lang, Vice-President for 8af' t'oi,melts Arthur SC, Tode, Vice-President for Industr Safety Albert W, Whitney, Vice-President for Ed cation Dr. O.-K. A. Winslow, Vice-President f Health Will Cooper, Treasurer W. H, Cameron, Managing Director and s* retary Executive Committee Members at Large J, X. Smash, Consulting Engineer Ernest W. Beck, United States Rubber C" Carl W. Bergguist, Western Electric Co. W. H. Cameron R. I. Gatlin, Aetna Life Insurance Co. Charles L. Close, United States Steel Oorp. Will Cooper, The Stevens HoteL J. E, CulILney, Bethlehem Steel Oorp. Edward Dana, Boston Elevated Rahway Co Howard B, Fonda, Burroughs Wellcome A: UI.g.A.l Inc. Harry Guilbert, The Pullman Co, a. T. Hellmuth, Chicago Kutth Shore & M waukee Railroad Co. Frank 3. Lanahau, Fort Pitt Malleable lr Co, John E, Long, The Delaware & Hudson R* road Corp. George E. Sanford, General Electric Co. Zenos A, Scott, Superintendent of School ` ` Hpringiletd, Mass. Lester D. Seymour, United Air Lines Arthur M. Tods, Consulting Engineer, Dr, Cassius H, Watson, American Telepti- 4 Telegraph Co., New Vurk City Albert W, Whitney, National Bureau Casualty A Surety Underwriters Dr. C.-E, A. WLnslow, Tale Medical Sehor Representing Safety Councils M, S, Ackerman, Lehigh Valley William F. Ardern, Milwaukee Ch E. Cress, Mason City, la. H. W. Lormor, Cleveland Ernest L. Slmonds, New Haven John E, Taylor, Birmingham Herie E. Towner, Baltimore Representing Sections O, A, DoeUer. Public Utilities Frank A, Lauerman, Metals Dr, M. 0, Lloyd, ASSK-Englneering John Bussell, Jr., Construction John 8. Shaw, Chemical Vincent Wakefield, Refrigeration George H, Wan el, Steam Railroad Past Presidents Robert W. Campbell Arthur T. Morey Lew R. Palmer David Van Scfaaack* Ralph C. Richards* Chariot P. Tolman Arthur H, Young Marcus A, Dow Lewis A, DeBlols Carl B, Auei Charles B. Scott Walter G. King Homer E, Hiess* Lieut.-Col. Henry A, Reninger G< Eugene Pettiboue Deceased THE Unforeseen Hazards IN TRAVELLING The tremendous advances in the development of safety appliance as applied to ail modes of travelling, minimizes the dangers of serious accidents. For minor casualties FIRST-AID provides a protection of the highest standard. Its prompt application minimizes the danger of serious development of minor injuries. Always carry 'Tabloid' First-Aid when travelling. 1--'Tabloid' Bandage Boric Compress (4 in. square) A---'Tabloid' Adhesive Boric Compresses I---Tourniquet (A.R.CJ `Vaporole' Iodine (Box of 10) I-"* Vaporoie' Aromatic Ammonia (Box of 5) 1--Tube of 'Carotax* ?4 ox. (Carron Oil Solidified 2% Phenol) l--Tube of 'Borofax'--` - ox. iWith eye applicator) Fuse Price (Complete Kit) , , . $5 60 Subject to Trade Discounts BURROUGHS WELLCOME & CO., (U.S.A.) INC. 9 & 11 East forty-first Street, NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan "Keep your `Tabloid' FirstAid complete by maintaining a reserve supply of refills." N, S H. | Please send me B. W. Sc CO. booklet ''SHIELD FROM DANGER" fi | Firm Name........ Address............... Individual's Name.. Official Capacity:..... AUGUST, 1932 *5 Even mopping is no longer cheap ThN amazing combination Finnell 4cruhs ind picks up the water in one operation. Faster than moppm# and incomparably better. Other model* for wet ^rubbing and dry scrubbing. Begin Under Foot to reduce Overhead! This is no mere play on words! It is a well known fact that cleanliness breeds carefulness and efficiency in workmen--aids safety and production. And cleanli ness begins with clean floors. Finnell Electric Sc rubbing-Polishing produces genuine floor cleanliness. It cets floors cleaner than hand methods at lower cost, thus cutting overhead in 'till another way. These are no times to dally with haphazard, slip shod methods--either in pro duction or maintenance. In the long run, those firms will survive which maintain the highest standards, give the greatest value and eliminate the most waste. Every old fashioned, costly method must go! Write for information. It costs nothing to learn what a Finnell installa tion will do. A Finnell representative will be glad to come to your plant, without obligating you at all, and make a recommendation for vou to consider. VVhv not write or wire, today? Address IX F.i.L SYSTEM, INC., loots East Street, Elkhart, Indiana. FINNELL EsU906 ELECTRIC FLOOR MACHINE SYSTEM OF FLOOR MAINTENANCE Ui For Scrubbing--Waxing--Polishing For Scrubbing--waxing--rolistiing NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS PUBLISHED BY NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. VOLUME XXVI. AUGUST, 1932 NUMBER 2. 'Thanks to Safety!^ 'KE insurance companies as well as casualty eoriipimies t are recognizing the value of organized accident pre- nation work, t'ompanies writing life insurance cm both ijje ordinary and industrial plans are benefiting from [be safety programs carried on by industry. In an article in this issue. II. W. Heinrich, of The Travelers insurance Company, points out several examples of industrial processes which have been made safer. individual policyholders have also enjoyed the bene fits of reduced ratings which were formerly imposed ;*eguse of the hazards of their occupations. Recently in officer on an oil tanker reported that the successful safety efforts of his company had enabled him to secure a substantial saving in his life insurance premiums. Another ease is reported by a yard foreman in the em ploy of the Pullman Company whose premium was re cently reduced from the semi-hazardous to the standard rate at a saving of 14.50 per thousand dollars of in| suranee. ; ``An investigator called at the yard," he wrote to the district superintendent. "He got no further than my office where the safety awards for 1930 and 1931 are displayed. When I explained what they meant, and | that, so far, our record for 193*2 was dear, he was sat1 afied and did not wish to be shown around the yard. I "Yesterday l received a new policy issued at the fitandard rate. Along with it was a check covering the ^ I difference in rates for the past ten years. I "Thanks to safety!" Lessons from Sport I tiO big league catcher would think of taking part in a I n game without mitt, mask, chest protector and shin | pards. All of his protective scenery is taken for granted. I Fet not so many years ago Roger Bresnahan almost ' started a riot at the Polo 0rounds when he came out 1 mi the field wearing a pair of shin guards. The eom; Bents of fans and fellow players were far from rom: piimentary. Bresnahan was not afraid of getting hurt nor did he : fear criticism. But he realized that he needed his legs . in the game and that protecting them would prolong baseball career and ids income. Foul tips and the ; flashing spikes of sliding base runners had retired many * catcher before his time. These protective measures actually speeded up the lame. Players could make the plays with more con fidence knowing that they were protected against physical injury. Protection in sport preceded protec tion in industry and its introduction in the latter field housed similar opposition. AUGUST, 1932 (Joggles, respirators, vifefy shoes, and other devices were ridiculed or cursed by the men. Foremen were fre quently hostile and management had none too much ouridenee in them. There was more or less suspicion that they would interfere with production. .Vow it is quite generally recognized that the worker who is in constant fear of injury cannot work effectively. When he has confidence in the efficacy of his protective equip ment he will do more and better work, but gaining his confidence sometimes requires highly skilled salesman ship, tn This Issue HEN' the insurance carrier notified them that their Wplant was an undesirable risk, officials of the Btissmanit Manufacturing t'ompany started a safety cam paign with themselves before they tried to "educate" the employees. The result was a worth-while saving in insurance costs (Page II.) When real interest is aroused, records and results will take care of themselves. Through its safety committees the Atlantic Cost Line Railroad aroused the interest of employees and the result was a casualty rate of 1.10 in 1931, a reduction ol` more than 95 per cent from the 1923 rate. ( Page 12.) Professor Alvhh R. Lauer contributes another helpful article on the physchoiogical factors involved in the selection and training of commercial drivers. His classi fications of the accident-prone types, however, apply al most equally to other occupations. (Page 16.) Foot protection has been Nils Jbeil's hobby for many years and he has discovered many interesting and im portant facts in his research. Real foot protection, he points out, involves far more than buying a stock of safety shoes in assorted sizes. ( Page 18.) A man treed by a dog is an amusing spectacle to every body but the man. Family pets do more than anything else to make life exciting and sometimes perilous for meter readers, delivery men and others who have busi ness at the back door. li. H. Ferguson iias been in vestigating the methods used by public utility companies in dealing with this problem and presents some helpful hints from their experience. ( Page 23.) Safety's third fundamental--engineering--has not made as much progress as might be expected. Purchasers claim that a machine guarded adequately by the manu facturer is a rarity. The manufacturers contend that it is impossible to satisfy all the state codes, to say nothing of the individual buyer's own ideas, and that few are willing tn pay the price for real protection. Never theless. some machines have been improved greatly from the standpoint of safe operation as (i. 31. Briggs points out in the first of a series of articles. (Page 25.) 10 THE MANAGING DIRECTOR'S PAGE "Just Another Association" any community which wishes to pre vent accidents can get the value o its TILLIAM JA1IES, possessor membership cost, hundreds of times Wof one of the keenest minds over during the year by the use of the America has produced, ob ideas and services sent to him auto served one day, "There is verymliatttliecally and on request as a member. difference between individuals after The council provides its safety com ail." It was a profound remark, but modity at cost. A single safety poster more profound still was the reply o represents the average annual dues, the carpenter to whom he was speak and five hundred posters are placed ing. The carpenter said, '`Ah. but before the member each year. A safe that difference is extremely impor practices pamphlet frequently con tant!" We know that we are sep tains the fruits of years of research. arate identities and we don't like to More than two hundred are available have our personalities dumped into a to members. The organization is proud bushel basket like so many potatoes of these and its many other services. and labeled to indicate that we not Accidents con be prevented. In only look alike but we ore alike. preventing accidents any employer, Associations as well as individuals large or small, can save money. Even suffer from this classifying process. in a depression, accidents cost a lot Executives, feeling the pinch of de more than intelligent prevention. Ac pression, have too often hastily said: cidents multiply the evils of hard "Economize. Cut off all the contribu times. tions we make to associations!" Un Next fall at its Annual Congress, fortunately, the worthy and the less the Council will observe its twenty- worthy sink together, and the indis first birthday as a force in the up criminate action does not reflect credit building of America. In this twenty- on the business executive, it smacks first year the organization needs your of panic and is capable of overthrow support as it has never needed it be ing our most prized institutions. fore. The organized safety movement On the other hand, one of the must have the continued help of in largest employers of labor in the dustry and the increased aid of the United States typifies the more intel public, its goal is the saving of 99,000 ligent attitude held by some. This lives a year. The Council is organized concern holds memberships in 46 na and equipped to carry on with un tional associations, the aims and ac equaled efficiency. We must carry on. complishments of each one of which were subjected to the most painstak ing investigation before the member NEWS OF THE MONTH ship was taken out. CIX industrial sectional contests ended June This is the type of member the Na tional Safety Council prizes. Encour aging was a public statement made by the president of the corporation a few 30. Three new sectional contests started July 1. These contests run on a six months' basis. Approximately 700 Industrial units and 200,000 workers ate competing in these con tests. weeks ago: "If we were forced to cancel all of our 46 memberships ex cept one, the National Safety Council would be retained because it is a thor oughly practical, serviceable and ef fective association rendering an abun Forty-three cities have enrolled in the September Law Enforcement Month cam paign sponsored by the Council's Street and Highway Traffic Section. Eleven cities have formed community safety organizations inspired by the National Traffic Safety Contest. dant service worth many, many times More requests for reduced railroad fare the annual dues." The National Safety Council w dif ferent from most other associations. Its ideals are humane; its goal spe certificates for the Congress have been re ceived than on the same date in 1931. Hotel reservations equal those made to date last year. Eighty-four newspapers requested illustra cific; its methods have been proved effective thousands and thousands of times. It is unfair and unjust to use it as an ingredient for a beef stew! Any employer, public carrier, indeed, tive charts of the "Balanced Program for the Prevention of Traffic Accidents" last month. One hundred and five prominent Washing ton citizens have accepted invitations to serve on the Congress Sponsoring Committee. The Press Is Interested .SPECIAL newspaper release A summarizing the interesting data from ``Accident Pacts--1932" has been sent to practically all daily news papers in the United States. Special stories were also sent over the wires of the big newspaper syndicates--As sociated Press, United Press, and in ternational News Service. Perhaps no other single publication or announce ment finds such wide and valuable publicity uses for safety as does " Ac cident Pacts." Never has there been a more intense interest iu the accident problem among metropolitan newspapers. Fol lowing the July 4 week-end the Chi cago Tribune devoted front page headlines and a feature news story to the week-end accident toll. All other Chicago newspapers gave generous and prominent attention to accidents. *#* Forty-three cities have enrolled in the September Law Enforcement Month Campaign sponsored by the Council's Street and Highway Traffic Section. The results of this campaign will be announced at the Washington Congress. * ** During the past threeyears 2,307 industrial units reporting to the Na tional Safety Council reduced their combined accident frequency rate 38.4 per cent. These same companies also enjoyed a reduction of 19.8 per cent in their severity rate. * #* The Technical Committee's report of the National Study on Health Pro tection in Sand Blasting Metallic Abrasive Cleaning is still under con sideration by the Reviewing Commit tees of the six Foundry Associations and the National Safety Council. It is hoped that reports from these com mittees can be presented at the next meeting of the Executive Committee of the Council to be held during the Washington Congress. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 11 fhis Campaign Was for Employers By THOMAS W. PARRY, Jr. A.Vl HARMON was good ma- S ehinist. tie had been with the Russnuiiu Manufacturing Com For years officials of this to pany twelve years, ami turning out fuses, the when it etune principal company had prided them product of that company. Sam clicked selves on "No serious ac ,,tf his end of the job in reeord time. And he'd never had an accident. Not a scratch in twelve years. That is why everyone around the plant was so surprised the morning Sam nicked cidents." But one day they found that "minor" accidents had made the company an undesirable insurance risk the tip of his linger on a punch press. Joseph Bussmann, one of the offieiais of the company, was making his morning round of the plant. He stopped at the punch press to talk to Sam. They'd known each other since they were youngsters. "How are things clicking?" Bussman asked. "(lathering more speed every aay," Bam threw back as he shoved a piece of metal in the press. As he turned to say something else to Mr. Bussmann his foot came down on the pedal. Whack I Sam jerked his hand out of the press, but he left a tiny bit of skin from the middle linger under the punch. "Weil, I'll be --!" he exclaimed. "I've been operating that .thing so long it's become second nature to me. I didn't think it was possible to get hurt on a hand-power press. Wowi It's a good thing I didn't have my whole hand under there." "Better go upstairs and have it dressed," Mr. Bussmann suggested. "Oh, it's nothing," Bam returned. "Just a little nick. It'll heal up in a week. I suppose a man shouldn't expect to go more than ten. years without a little accident." ``No, that's too good a reeord to last," the other agreed. Wheu Mr. Bussmann returned to his office, he contemplated that re mark, "Too good a record to last." But why should it be? Were minor accidents a necessary evil 1 And just about that time the telephone rang. It was the insurance company. "Your insurance expires in two months," the representative told him. "We won't be able to renew it. Sim ply wanted to let you know in plenty of time to make other arrangements.5' "But we've never had a serious ac cident in any of our plants," Mr. Bussman protected. "No, but you have a good many minor ones. Cuts, scratches, bruises. And we have to set up a reserve to take care of those. Borne of them might become bad infected eases, you know. Why don't you start a safety campaign among your employees?" That day the officials of the Buss mann Manufacturing Company got together. Scrutiny of their insurance costs over the ``past few years con vinced them it was time to eliminate these trifling but costly accidents. They decided to launch a vigorous safety campaign, not among employ ees, but among employers. That was live years ago. As a re sult of that campaign--or, rather, consistent, determined effort--insur ance costs of the Bussmann Manufac turing Company have decreased from approximately $2.46 per hundred dol "I suppose a man can't expect to go tea years without some little accident." lars of wages in 1926 to about 88 cents in 1931, and minor accidents have been virtually eliminated. "The safety of factory workers," Mr. Bussmann says, "has not been effected through the posting of signs aimed at employees throughout our shops or by any system of penalizing employees who were responsible for accidents, it has been effected sim ply by means of a change in view point, and that change had to start at the top -- among employers not among employees. " Years ago this company, like hun dreds of others throughout the coun try, was an undesirable risk for in surance. It was simply because we had never considered seriously the question of safety, because in our en tire history we had had only one accident that might even approximate seriousness. "However, we had had many little ones. Workers would get cuts, bruises, bits of material in their eyes. For each of these accidents, no mat ter how trivial, the insurance com pany had to set up a reserve against any possible claims in the future. "The first converts to the cause of industrial safety were the officers. Then we went to our superintendents and foremen and stressed the neces sity of extreme care in the plants. And some of those superintendents-- men who had been working in shops for years without a serious accident --were inclined to laugh. Little things like cuts and bruises, they con tended, were simply bound to happen, and they didn't amount to much, anyhow. Those fellows were the (Please turn to page 62) "Your insurance expires in two months. Sony we won't be able to renew it/' AUGUST, 1932 i 12 Supervisory control is an es sential in the safety program but some force less easily de fined is usually responsible for outstanding achievements. The Atlantic Coast Line Rail road found an expression to describe it By CARMAN T. FISH 77Super-VISION77 Brought Safety N the railroad station at Wilming dates back to the dark days of 11)18, I ton, North Carolina, i was im when, strangely enough, the destruc pressed by several large green and tion of man-power on the tiring line white posters carrying safety slogans directed attention to human conserva distributed prominently throughout tion at home. When the railroads the concourse. Displaying safety passed under federal control as an posters in passenger stations is not a emergency war measure, the railroad general practice, but having been ac administration mapped out a plan of quainted with the safety work of the safety organization, but each railroad Atlantic Coast Line at long distance had to supply the motive power to for several years, I was not astonished. make the organization function. One message in particular stood out: "Super-VISION Prevents Accidents. ' ' in search of help in getting a pro gram started. Mr. Scott came to Chi cago and spent several days at the headquarters of the National Safety At first thought this .slogan might, Council. He also conferred with seem to be merely a clever play on Ralph C. Richards, of the Chicago & words, but its message stuck. Here, North Western, whose efforts on be perhaps, was the key to the enviable half of the safety movement on the record which the Atlantic Coast Line railroads and nationally helped to Railroad Company had established in make safety history. With this help recent years. Not merely the familiar and his own convictions of the pos supervision by officials and foremen, sibilities of accident prevention, Mr. not merely control or authority, but a Scott went into the work with his highly developed faculty of attention characteristic energy. and watchfulness, the power of fore The plan of organization adopted seeing accidents that might interfere in 1D18 has continued and been found with safe working and safe living. highly effective. An elaborate system That, in part, was the explanation of safety committees--a general of the slogan given by Robert Boott, safety committee, three division com director of insurance and safety for mittees, also local, shop and district the Coast Line. And this force had committees--has been the principal been developing in the organization medium for carrying on the work. The and bringing increasing results for general idea has been to establish a many years before a word was found committee wherever a dozen or more to describe it. employees are at work. To many The present safety organization safety men this type of organization would seem cumbersome, and it prob ably would not fit the needs of every company. Hut this intensive com mittee set-up has helped to make the whole 20,00(1 employees of the At lantic Coast Line feel that they were part of the safety movement. "We couldn't have reduced em ployee casualties 1)5 per cent since 1920 without the aid of these com mittees,'' declared Mr. Scott. "We SUPER-VISION PBEVENTS ACCIDENTS These green posters are issued month ly and posted all over the system where both employees and the travel ing public can see them. ' have worked on the principle that when real interest is aroused, records and results will take care of themselves. Our records show that to date the safety committees have submitted more than 26,000 recommendations which have been approved. More than 20,000 of these related to physical conditions and the remainder to working practices." NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS i j j j j j j j J 1 13 Safety >,ommitteemen from every branch at the service tire paid for any time that may be lost from their regular work while attending safety meetings. This lias strengthened rh" jWiimr in the minds of employees that -afety is regarded as an important part of the Atlantic- Coast Line's pro gram. For more rlian ten years Air. Seott has held annual meetings of ail safety cuiiimittee ehainnen and the seerelgrit's who are supervising officers of these committees, At these meetings every phase of aceident prevention is discussed. They are marked hv an intelligent enthusiasm" and are looked forward to with the keenest in terest. Meetings of disrriet ami I oral com mittees are often community events. Sometimes a school, town hall or church is chosen for the meeting with a local pastor and prominent citizens participating. Public safety is dis cussed in addition to those problems which are directly concerned with railroading. These meetings have brought the railroad and the public much closer together, and the Coast Line has come to mean more to these southern communities than a means of transportation and an employer of labor. No account of the railroad's safety work would be complete without special mention of the negro em ployees. They have responded whole heartedly to the safety appeal and One hundred of these ".Sentinels of Safety" have been erected at con spicuous points on the Atlantic Coast Line system. their leaders have developed the safety spirit almost to the point of religious fervor. For several years past classes of instruction have been held among foremen on various parts of the sys tem. Foremen have been impressed with the vital necessity of seeing that every employee is not only instructed Robert Scott, Direc tor of Insurance and Safety, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. in his job, but also inspired with the need for "Super-VISION"--looking beyond the obvious in an effort to foresee the unexpected. No elaborate safety rules have been promulgated on the Atlantic Coast Line. By training and discipline the strict observance of the standard book of rules has been featured in connec tion with the safety program. The subject- of safety has a prominent part in all operating rule meetings held by supervisory officers. It is quite axiomatic that safety can make little progress without official approval and encouragement.. The safety program of the Atlantic Coast Line lias enjoyed this official support ever since its inception. The late Henry Walters, who developed the Atlantic Coast Line System to its present proportions and was for many years chairman of the board, had a genuine appreciation of the safety program. Lyman Delano, executive One of the grade separation projects recmti>' co"P|etf! aion ** Adantk Coast Line route. vice-president and successor to Mr. Walters as chairman of the board, has aided the cause of safety consistently by his official and personal interest. The operating official who makes a good record in his jurisdiction is sure to receive a note of congratulation from -Ur. Delano. During the past three years, when every possible economy has been important, he ap proved expenditures needed for the effectiveness of the safety program. In the 1930 annual report to stock holders of the company more than a page was devoted to the activities of the safety department, stressing the economic importance of organized effort in accident prevention, and pointing out that the total payments to all persons injured during 1930 was 52.7 per cent, below the average for the previous ten years. The safety program has been under the energetic leadership of Robert Scott since its beginning back in 1918. Mr. Scott is widely known in railroad safety circles, and has held many offices in safety organizations. He was president of the Railroad Fire Protection Association, 1918-19; chairman of the Steam Railroad Sec tion, National Safety Council, 191920; and chairman of the Safety Sec tion, American Railway Association, 1925-28. He also served as a member of the executive committee of the Na tional Fire Protection Association for three years. At the annual meeting of the Safety Section of the American Rail way Association at Salt Lake City in 1924, Mr. Scott proposed that the rail roads set for themselves a reduction of 35 per cent in employee casualties AUGUST, 1932 14 ame interested attention as when tilt service was established. `'Early in our program we saw the value of membership in the National Safety Council and have maintained our interest in all of its activities." said Mr. Scott. "Since 191S we have purchased more than 100,000 copies of posters and other literature made available by the Council." A district safety committee in session. from the 1923 total. The year 1930 was set for the attainment of this goal. The suggestion was received with enthusiasm, and each railroad set about in earnest to make the neces sary improvement in its casualty rate. At the end of 1930 the railroads had exceeded their original mark and they have continued their progress. Mr. Scott is also editor of the em ployee magazine, Atlantic (toast Line News, and consequently this means of maintaining safety interest is used effectively. Abstracts from talks given at committee meetings, timely articles by operating men, and reports of the records of the various units are published regularly. The maga zine is not devoted entirely to safety, however,'and covers a wide range of employee interests. The magazine has been a medium not only of in struction but also of helpful and friendly contact between the employ ees and the safety department. Mr. Scott is also a member of the ad visory committee of the relief depart ment, and a member of the pension board, also chairman of the commit tee which awards service emblems, all of which strengthen the friendly rela tions between the employees and the safety department. The investigation of accidents is properly stressed, and Mr. Scott states that he "goes on the theory that acci dents involving destruction of per sons or property represent operating failures, and the prevention of these accidents is an operating responsibil ity." This movement was backed by Mr. Delano because of its unquestioned value in stimulating the heads of de partments, supervising officers and men in the ranks. The plan has been thoroughly Justified by the results. The safety department has realized that It must continually tell em ployees things they already know but do not know well enough. One of the methods of accomplishing this has been by a special series of what is known as the "green poster," carry ing a special message each month from the director of safety. These posters, which are displayed in wait ing rooms as well as at terminals and in the shops, have attracted much favorable attention from the traveling public. The company maintains and serv ices 185 glass covered bulletin boards on its properties. At frequent inter vals these boards receive fresh posters and .these safety messages receive the Since 1923. the year from which real safety progress has been mea sured ou American railroads, casual ties (injuries involving the loss of three or more days I of all kinds to employees on duty have been reduced on the Atlantic Coast Line 95.92 per cent. Here is the record of casualties per million man-hours: 1923....................................................................... ,2(195 1924................................ 22.50 1925......................................................................... 21.96 1926......................................................................... 17.74 1927.................................................... 14.05 1928................ 11.21 1929........................................................................ 7.SS 1930............... 1.86 1931............................................... 1.10 Admitting that the outcome of an accident and the severity of any in jury are largely fortuitous, fatalities are still regarded by many as the real measuring stick for the effective ness of accident prevention work. In this respect, the Coast Line's record is also outstanding, the reduction in fatalities being 83 per cent for the period covered in the above table. The Atlantic Oast June was award ed the National Safety Council's trophy for employee safety in Croup B of the Class I railroads in 1930. It again established the lowest cas ualty rate in 1931 but the rules of the contest did not permit the award of the trophy to the same railroad for two consecutive years. This achieve- In 1928 the company adopted the contest plan, giving the National Safety Council credit for the idea. Some of the system safety trophies that have stimulated extra effort in bringing down the accident rates. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ineiit is proclaimed to the traveling public m the railroad's passenger train time-tables. The traveling public, however, is more interested in passenger safety and here too. the record has been ex ceptional. In 1925 the number of passenger casualties was 2H5, which declined to the low mark of eight in 1)131--a reduction of 97 per cent. 15 A modern locomotive shop at Tampa, Florida. of the accident and the actions of train and automobile at the time pro vides complete details for a study of these accidents. Equally meritorious has been the public safety missionary work of the Atlantic Coast Line. Many of the Source of power, the roundhouse at Florence, S. C. small communities traversed by tile road have no large industries to serve I Summing up the methods which have advanced safety on the Atlantic Coast Line, Mr. Scott stresses the fol lowing: has been given to sounding the whistle at crossing approaches and the whistle cord has been extended to the fire man's side in all locomotive cabs for as a nucleus for public safety activi ties. and both officials and rank and tile employees have got their neigh bors interested. To date officers and emergency use. employees have made 1.713 addresses 1. Improved locomotives and cars reaching audiences of more than half 2. Improved rails, roadway and bridges One method which has been used to a million, most of whom were school 3. Improved signal system 4. More and better safeguards 5. Physical examination of employees 6. Stricter employment requirements 7. Better rules and regulations reach the public has been a mimeo graphed form letter signed by the en gineer which he tossed from the cab to motorists who waited at the cross children. Outstanding in this line of activity has been the work of Con ductor Walter F. Eaton of Waycross, Georgia, who has made 132 public 8. More thorough training ing for the train to pass. The letter speeches, reaching some 30,000 per 9. Stricter supervision 10. Improved discipline 11. Policing 12. Safety education While safety education comes last in this list it is not rated last in im portance. But the company does feel that the physical improvements in the company's equipment have paved the way for effective safety education. Increasing stress is being laid on the physical examination of em ployees. In addition to the pre-em ployment examination, reexamina tions are held regularly for those in exacting occupations. Since the coming of the automobile bo problem has given the railroads greater concern than grade crossing accidents. By grade separation and consolidation of crossings in coopera tion with municipalities many cross ing* have been removed, but physical improvements aione are too siow and too costly to remedy the situation over night expressed the engineer's appreciation and pointed out what it meant to him. The unusual sight of an engineer throwing something out of the win dow, apparently for him, proved suf ficient to arouse the motorist's curios ity and he would get out of his car to see what the paper contained. Many commendatory letters and many newspaper stories expressed the approval of the public at this educa tional scheme. A distinctive feature of the Atlan tic Coast Line's program for greater safety at grade crossings is the or ganization of special committees whose duties are to give this subject careful consideration. There is a general grade crossing committee at head quarters, three division committees, and other committees on each of the thirteen operating districts. By this plan every accident oc curring at a grade crossing is thor oughly investigated on the ground to determine the cause and find a rem sons. Failing in line with the national ac cident prevention program of the American Legion, representatives of that organization were invited to many of the Coast Line's safety com mittee meetings. As a result of this movement, 21 speakers from the Legion attended some of the com pany's largest safety gatherings dur ing the past year. In several communities Atlantic Coast Line officials have taken the initative in having school safety pa trols organized and these patrols have proved to be an excellent starting point for other community activities. The safety of school buses is a problem which has caused school au thorities and parents concern in many rural districts. The Atlantic Coast Line has concerned itself with the problem not only because of the pos sibility of a violent meeting of train and bus at the crossing but also for its interest in the children of employees Considerable thought has been given edy if possible for preventing similar and neighbors. In several instances to the part which the enginemen can accidents. A special report form unsafe driving was taken up with the play in preventing crossing crashes. which includes every possible detail boards of education which appre- As with other roads greater attention of the physical conditions at the scene (Please turn to page t>2) AUGUST, 1932 Iti What Types of Persons Have Accidents? By ALVHH R. LAUER, Ph. D.* * In the last article of this series Or. Lauer dealt with methods of diagnosing accident-proneness. In this article he has classified the various types of persons who have accidents, with practical suggestions for correcting their difficulties T may be well to state at the onset The i'omnoir und the Hot-headed. I that our studies have definitely in Students of abnormal psychology are dicated an accident-prone group. familiar with paranoic tendencies A study of .`537 drivers showed that present in many jtersons. When so about 3.`j per cent of the drivers had affected, the person thinks everyone is all the accidents. About 7 per cent trying to get the best of him. His of the drivers had half the accidents. landlord desires to see him in the poor In one commercial company approxi house, his wife tries to make life hard mately 12 per cent of the drivers had for him, the children purposely de all the accidents. Some men had stroy his personal belongings, the driven as long as 17 years with the neighbors do not respect him, the company without accident while oth foreman gives him the unpleasant ers had as many as 8 or 10 accidents jobs, and his salary is not adequate a year. for a man of his caliber. Having verified the findings of other investigators, the next step was to determine the types of individuals who have accidents. Consequently, this article will be confined more to a description of such types rather When such a person is also easily angered, a very bad combination is found. The employment officer should insult every applicant to see "how fie fakes it." The paranoic is always angered by something and thus is al than the methods whereby these types were classified. Neither will it deal with specific disabilities as the latter topic will he treated in another paper. The " Se'er do Well," Companies ways on a strain. He may be vindic tive and deliberately stop his ear sud denly to "show" the driver behind him. He is full of alibis and is equally full of trouble. should beware of cheap help and the employment of "ne'er do wells." The study of a man s employment record should serve reasonably well as a key to whether or not he is to be placed in charge of a truck, passenger car, or other vehicle. Persons of such type are usually not familiar with machinery, nor are they mechanically inclined. If trained in such work tools usually suffer at their hands. In most eases a visit to their private shop or garage would convince the most optimistic personnel man that his ap plicant should not be placed in charge of a car. Our studies have shown many such persons are accident-prone. Drivers Need Confidence The Timid .'</. Women are gen erally to be classed in this group, es pecially the more delicate ones. The effeminate man is likely to have trou ble at. one time or another. In his effort to compensate for lack of physi cal vigor he shoots back out of a park ing area into the path of a moving vehicle. Several such eases have come io our attention. This type is somewhat different from those suffering from extreme timidity but the results are the same. The jierson who lacks confidence is likely to have trouble. Experience will help many persons of this nature if they have not begun to drive too Pepartment of Psychology, Iowa State College, Ames, la. late in life. Bugged and active per sons have less trouble, providing they do not become extreme in the other direction. Timid persons should nor drive where traffic conditions are had and where there are many emergen cies arising. Any employer should examine such applicants very care fully before assigning them for duty in heavy traffic. The Drug Addict. Little need be said about the drug addict. He is often oblivious to danger and. unless lie possesses unusual manipulative capacity, is likely to cause trouble, ft goes without saying that alcoholics are highly accident-prone. Insanity. Many readers may won der that insanity is mentioned. Psy chologically, the term is more signifi cant than is implied in the ordinary sense. One is not sane or insane. He may be partially insane, insanity is a matter of degree. Several types of insanity come on gradually and may cause the person to show very poor judgment at times. One of these types is paresis. It is an after effect of syphilis and usually becomes very obvious in the later stages. Two or three cases of such nature have come to our attention. While cases studied have not revealed the presence of in sanity this problem needs no elabora tion. A good physical examination will usually reveal the symptoms of troublesome cases. A few other types are ciimmon. fHee reference No, J.i Relation in Age. In this research two age groups were found to be ac cident-prone. The older man who is losing out physically tends to com pensate by added momentum of his powerful ear. This is one type. An other is the driver whose blood pres sure goes up and who finds he cannot manipulate well. He becomes nervous and under a strain. Some very good drivers thus lose their "nerve" and become accident-prone. Again a medi cal examination will do much to elimi nate the unlit. Any marked eases of NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 17 DRIVING FIELD PERFORMANCE Rer<**reh Project under Hospices *>i' X ttional UesHarr-h i'ouiu*ii i-^nwi on *y Department ot DsytOuiogy ,*t !<dah Mut** i. .olv^ . i X umherM un . . . . ,. \Vnm:nt. . . , } n tc., Ipd2 ------- .... ...... ..................... Ige ___ Wt........... Ht.......... Fr, ..........m. Veit fa ot' driving jmsscitgcr <`?trs, ..... , .'ummen'iol cni^. trucks -t.-,...... . ^ Number of kinds uf .;mn you have .(riven ..... .......................... i'm- um`4 m rest. Model. .................................... .. Venr. ................ , Make , , , . . .... - X'utuher ntr n.*eiieHts esporieuced while you were driving, iaeeideut defined as need 1'or garage repairs of car or medical attention to driver, pa^eiiger or other persons) ... .............. Doserihe each r........ . , ................,,................. .......... Visual acuity . ... i*o Colors rent! wrong. , Percent ... .... Field of vision iu degrees ............... Fhvsiml defeeN if utiv. , , Scheme of Field ^ rgeflii: y^lines of contact................... R=U*t`t signal. - - tj--ojiasod signal....................................... .. - rTMtiuie . . . . . ^hacked unnecessarily, .............................. K=killed engine. .^failed to stop.------- . . ................ .. C--corners cut... ^directions necessary........ ...................... W"-wide turn .,. \Lss** mss movement... .............................. -rigid signal. Lr=fatled to look right or left .............. J --jerks when starting, irking time. distance................................ ...Speed. .miles per hour. Time of trip in min...see........... Error score..........Average f..........Errors ii To improve your driving, save your ar, and for greater safety you should: .. 1. Drive more carefully. r. 4:iefr more experience driving in traffic. ...... 3. Keep on right side ol road all the time. ... i. Take corners slowly. .. .1 Keep attention on your driving. .. it. Watch others at stop lights. ... 1. Try to be calm and at ease when driving. 1 2* Tse horn and rear view mirror. .... 13. Observe signs more carefully. .... 14. Look out for stop light. .... 15. Shorter turns at corners. 36. Do not `cut* corners. ,...17. Look both ways at a railroad or intersection. ___ 18. Practice backing. ,...19. Learn state traffic Law's. . ... .20. Watch movements of other driv ... 8. Keep a sharp look-out at sides. ... 9. If driving slow stay at extreme side of road. ...10. Allow 150 iVet before butting in* on a car. ...11. Start and stop gradually. ers. . . , . -1. Have vision corrected. ... .22. Give standard hand signals for turning at all tinurn. Keep brakes and lights adjusted properly. <H) Your most probable rating as a driver is tput circle around): A "Excellent B^Superior ` '"Average Dr-Fair ETMPoor F=Very bad arwrio-sderosis and heart disturb ances should be rejected as drivers. Younger people also get into trouWf. Reeause of infantilism, some never actually grow up. t'ommereial drivers below the age of 22 or 24 are likely to take unnecessary chances in order to accomplish their duty or ends. Accidents frequently occur to SQeh persons. I'ndm Mental and I'husiral strain. Loss of sleep, extreme fatigue, worry over business, and similar conditions cause many accidents. Chronic ill ness of: the driver or unpleasant home conditions, due to illness or domestic relations, has accounted for a certain number of accident-prone individuals. The driver became accident-prone after such conditions developed. During rhe depression there are a number of accident-cases on record which seem best explained oil the basis of preoccupation. A man rush ing iiiiour to keep his business going not only uses excessive speed hut at the same time his efficiency is de creased considerably through worry. At indents of this type are frequent. The old proverb "When if rains, it pours ` is especially true in this con nection, ( hie thing brings on another. Intelligence and Accidents It would hardly he proper for a psychologist to discuss accidents with out mentioning the relation to intel ligence. A definition may be in order. When a man is dexterous, has a great deal of strength and uses ir efficiently, he is said to be athletic. In the same way a person who lias mental ability anti can use it efficiently is said to lie intelligent. It is measured by means of standard tests which are known to almost everyone. Reliable indices are quickly calculated. One of the com mon methods is in compare the adult's intelligence with that of a child of corresponding mental age. The aver age child of nine has a mental age of nine. In many adults the mental growth stops at 7, 8, 9, 10 or may con tinue on up to 24 years of age. The average person is supposed to reach intellectual maturity at rhe age of 16 years. This is used as a basis or standard of comparison. The I.Q. is the intelligence quotient or ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. To obtain it, one divides his actual age (adults consid ered as 16 years) into the age score he makes on a standard intelligence test, which would he made by the average person of a given age. For example, John Doe is 24. He attained mental maturity at 16. He passes tests made by the average 12 year old child. His I.Q. is 12/16 or .75. This is usually multiplied by 100 and be is said to have an I.Q. of 75. The average person has an I.Q. nf 100. A genius will have an I.Q. of from 150 to 200. Our studies have shown that the following ranges of I.Q.' ratings are prone to accident: below 75 or 80 and from 110 to 125. The explanation is as follows: Those with low l.Q.'s are very slow to un derstand a situation. . They use poor judgment and get into trouble. The group with I.Q.'s between 110-125 are quite intelligent and can move in the t Please turn to page 64) AUGUST, 1932 18 He Won t Wear Safety Shoes! By NILS JUELL* When an employee objects to wearing safety shoes has he a reason or is he merely stubborn? A RE we passing from the horseJJk and-buggy age of foot protec- W % tion into an era from which we shall smile baek at all our former efforts 1 Much has been written about acci dent prevention for the feet, and much excellent propaganda has been issued by the shoe manufacturers in favor of safety shoes as the only so lution. Safety posters have taught the workers the value of cooperation with their safety departments. Industrial management has been ready to believe that the secret of foot protection was a stock of safety shoes ranging in sizes from 5 to 12, width E. In many cases this did suffice. But if one of our boys in sisted that he "couldn't wear the darned things, ' ' and then a heavy die, a motor, or a steel rail dropped on his foot, we were just out of luck! We have all met people who seem unable to wear safety shoes. How many o us have been guilty of accusing such fellows of a phobia, a fixed idea with out adequate reason! The result was that too often in the accident report, under the caption "Could the Accident Have Been Pre vented ?" we have had to write: "He refused to wear safety shoes." I became very much interested in this subject several years ago, and proceeded to make foot-prints and amateur plaster easts, and a study of the comparisons made me determined to get more light on these "phobia boys," if possible. It seemed rea sonable to believe that in getting proper shoes people with defective arches had similar troubles to those of men who suffered from defective eyesight and yet had to he fitted with protective goggles. If we accept the statement of army authorities that 52 per cent of re cruits suffer from defective feet, and if the ordinary movements of walk- ''Safety Director, Hayes Body Corporation, Grand Rapids, Mich, ing about consist of a series of pre vented falls, then is it not logical to argue that to establish proper bal ance for the worker is of the utmost importance in accident prevention? One day I delivered a brief talk before our employees and alluded to the type of worker who has tender and difficult feet. The following day Lawrence McDowell, one of the hoys in our metal stamping department, eame to me with an interesting story. He iiad had a great deal of trouble in getting shoes of any kind to fit him, but at last had found a certain shoe merchant whom he claimed to be a wonder. I made a. careful investi gation by means of medical and other sources and realized that I had lo cated the man for whom I had been seeking. Lawrence McDowell, of Che metal stamping department of the Hayes Body Corp.. has discovered some of the fine points of foot protection. John M. Anderson conducts a store at some distance from the center of brand Rapids where he practices shoe fitting as a tine art. His father had been a maker of shoes in the old country, and the boy had learned un der a critical master. He realizes that human feet differ in as many ebaraeterics as human faces and he bases his work upon that knowledge. Manufacturers of shoes, it seems, too often recognize only the dif ferences of length and width in a given pair of feet, it is very im portant, ' of course, that these dif ferences be noted: most feet actually are fitted with shoes that are too short and too wide. But in addition to this, there are great differences among feet in the matter of arch elevation. "Can't vou see," says Mr, Ander son, "that in order to have foot com fort and foot safety it is necessary that the shoe provide a firm but elastic support at ail points upon which the foot rests--just exactly similar to the soft earth upon which rests the foot of a savage." With the aid of carbon impressions, plaster casts and careful t-xaminations, Mr. Anderson has segregated three general classes of feet which have such unusual arch elevation as to make it impossible for them to be correctly fitted by the common run of shoes. They are: !. Feet with naturally high or normally contracted arches. Broken or fallen arches. 3. The naturally flat foot, where nor mal arch elevation is negligible. There are many people with quite naturally high or contracted arches. `Such feet, on a fiat surface, will pro duce a circular imprint without con tinuous impression from heel to roe. In many cases there will be no im pression at all under the arch. This indicates that the weight of the body must be borne by the heel and the ball of the foot, with no support in a poorly fitted shoe under the arch of the foot. Such a condition will in variably cause great discomfort and \ Please turn to page 591 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 19 Congress Programs Completed All Signs Point to a Large Gathering at the Capital Despite Universal Retrenchment DVANCE programs for the Others.*" will be explained by W, describe "The Safe Design, Con A Twenty-first < 'ongross of the Graham Cole, director of safety .serv i National iSafety Council, to ice, Policyholders Service Bureau, be held in Washington. D. Oc.tMoetropolitan Life Insurance Com struction and Operation of Fire Pressure Vessels." Dr. Leonard Greenburg, Yale .Medical School, ber 3-7, will lie ready for mailing to pany, New York City. "An Effective New Haven. Conn., will speak on members anti delegates on August In, and Economical Safety Program for "Dust--An Engineering Problem." They wilt carry assurance of the the Small Plant" will he described On Tuesday night a special tech most outstanding event in the his out of the varied experience of A. D. nical session of this engineering body tory of the safety movement. Lynch. The Ohio Brass Company, will be held to discuss the controver More than tf.iO speakers will ap pear before the 101 sessions of the congress. The great majority of these are reeognized leaders in the worlds of safety, industry, general business and of government. They will cover every activity in the triple fields of accident prevention, giving the fruits of their experience and pointing out new paths to safety ac complishment. All signs point to a tremendous gathering of interested men and women in the nation's capital during the congress week. Many more re duced fare certificates have been re quested this year than had been is Mansfield. 0. In addition, a striking practical demonstration is to be pro duced, entitled "Teaching Safety to the New Employee," the scene being the interior of an industrial plant in operation. The Advanced Safety Engineering session will be directed by Dr. M. G. Lloyd, of the U. S. Bureau of Stand ards. A. S. Regula, executive secre tary of Industrial Eolations Coun selors, Inc., New York City, will discuss "Capitalizing on Our Fail ures." Dan L. Koyer, chief engineer, Ocean Accident and Guarantee Cor poration, Ltd.. New York City, will sial points encountered in the work of preparing safety codes, John A. Dickinson, U, S. Bureau of Stand ards, Washington, will describe "Re searches on Safety Features of Ele vators. s ' Everybody who attended recent congresses remembers with pleasure the lighter touch associated with the All Congress Luncheon, which has become an annual affair on Monday noon. This year the single speaker will be that southern humorist and genial story teller, Sherwood Brockwell. safety director of the North Carolina Insurance Department. Raleigh, N. 0. sued up to this time for the congress last year. Reservations have been HOTELS AMD BATES heavy for the Wardman Park and Quotations are for rooms and bath only Shoreham, the two official congress hotels, and also for many other ho tels. Reduced fare certificates may HOTEL Single Wardman Park . .. $4.00 Shoreham ............. 4.00 Double $6.00 6.00 Additional Parlor--$8.00 be had by application of the Council headquarters offices in Chicago. Most of the sectional congress pro grams are already complete. Every one contains some striking features. The accumulated successes of all past congresses are being reproduced. At the Annual Meeting of Mem bers, on Monday morning, the chief speaker will be E. J. Jlehren, presi dent of the Portland Cement Associa tion, Chicago, whose subject will be "Good Will Dividends from Safety Work." In addition to regular fea tures of this outstanding session, the National Safety Council trophies will be unveiled, which later will be awarded to many contest winners in the various sectional meetings. The General Bound Table session on Monday afternoon will be espe cially notable. " Why Do Some Em ployees Have More Accidents than Meridian Mansions. 4.00 Roosevelt 3,00 Ohastleton............. 2.50 Cairo ...................... Grafton .................. Martinique ............ 2.50- 3.50 Colonial (New),,,, 3.00- 3.50 Burlington.............. 3.50 Mayflower .............. 4.00- 5.00 Blaekston 3.00- 3.50 Carlton ....... 4,00 Ambassador .......... \tjit Hamilton ........ . ... 3,00- 3.50 Powhatan ............... , 5,50 Washington............ 4.00- 5.00 Willard .................. 4.00- 8.00 Annapolis ......... ,. 3.00 Ebbitt 2.50- 3.00 Harrington ............ 2.50- 4.00 Raleigh .................. 3.00 Houston 2.50- 3.00 Dodge .................... Driscoll ................ .. Winston .......... 3.00 K.so Continental ....... 2.50- ;uto Capitol Park------- 2.50- 3,00 Commodore 2.50- 4,00 6.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 4.00- 5.00 4.00- 5.00 5.00 6.00- 7.00 5.00- 8.00 6.00 5,00 5.00 6,00 6,00- 8.00 6.00- 7.00 5,00 4.00- 5.00 3.50- 5.00 4,50 4.00- 7,00 5.00- 7.00 5.00 5.00 4.00- 5.00 4.00- 5.00 4.00- 6.00 2-room suite--$12.00 and up Twin beds--$5.00 2 room suite; four per sons--$10.00 2-room suite--$8.00 Twin beds--$8,00-$9.00-$10.00 Two-room suite (3 persons)--$10.00 Parlor, bedroom and bath, $10.00 and up Twin beds--$6.00 Twin beds--$6.00-$7.00 Twin beds--$7.00-$8.00 Twin beds--|7.00-$8.UO-$10.00 Twin beds--$7.00-$8.00 Twin beds--$4.00 to $8.00 Twin beds--$8.00 to $9.00 Twin beds--$5,00-$8.00 AUGUST, 1932 20 Each morning during the Con gress, at 8 An o'clock, M. !, Kane, plant training engineer, the Ameri can Telephone and Telegraph * 'omjmny, New York City, will conduct one of Ins u'ejl known classes on 'Nat'cty in Foreiuanship by the Con ference Method." The four subject divisions are, "The Purpose of the following well known speakers: G. A. Davis, manager, department of safety and relief, the Illinois Steel Company, who will speak on "Think It over"; anti Thomas P, Kearns, su perintendent, hygiene and safety. Industrial Commission of Ohio, Co lumbus, o,, whose subject is "Na- sessions will again offer a high spot of interest through numerous speak. <-rs. Robbins B. Stoeckel, Stare t 'oto. missioner of Motor Vehicles, Hart, ford. Conn., will speak on "Drivers License Examinations--Present and Future." Captain Laurence A. Lyon, district superintendent, State De partment of Public Safety, Lansing, Conference Process." "The Prin ciples of the Conference Process," "The Application of the Conference Process to Accident Prevention," and "Its Pse and Technique." The Automotive Section has devel oped an interesting program for both Tuesday and Wednesday sessions, which will he devoted to a two-act playlet entitled "Selling- a Safety Program," The purpose of the play let is to sell a safety program to the Mich., has the subject, "Examina tions by Local Officials." Dr. F, R, Gomiia, Commissioner of Public Safety, New Orleans, La., will discuss "Problems of Public Relations." Franklin M. Kremi. director, Acci dent Prevention Bureau, Evanston, 111,, will talk on "Enforcement and Accidents." John B. Blandford, di rector of safety, Cincinnati, will describe "Traffic Accident Record Problems of the Police Department.'' Board of Directors of a large cor poration, the audience being the board, and the various speakers be ing department heads in charge of Minor Hazards May Cause safety, medical service and various other executive divisions. The Delivery, Taxicab and Bus Section will have the following speakers: Major Charles H. Ruth, superintendent, the Evening Star Newspaper Company, Washington: Captain W. C, Thee, Q. ,\1. 0., officer in charge of the Second Corps Area Motor Repair Shops, Ft. Hancock, N. J.; Harold G. Hoffman, Commis sioner of .Motor Vehicles, New .Jer sey : and C. V, Wells, Pillsbury Flour Mills, Minneapolis, Minn. The Food Section will have as speakers, David 4, Price, chemical engineering division, G. S. Bureau of Agriculture, and A. L. Mann, New York State Department of Educa tion. An interesting joint session of the Food Section with the Delivery, Taxicab and Bus Section will have as speakers, G. S, Frost, treasurer and general manager, the New York Pie Baking Company, and W. C. Wash burn, safety director, the Sheffield Farms Company, Inc., both of New York City, For the Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries Section, John 4, Callahan, of The Turner Tanning Machinery Company, Peabody, SHOW THE SAFETY "SPIRIT OF *32" AT WASHINGTON OCTOBER 3-7 tional and State Foundry Codes in Relation to Accident Prevention." In the Paper and Pulp Section, W. H. Brydges, president. The American Pulp and Paper Mill Superintendents Association, will speak on "Lessons Learned from Near Accidents in Pa per Mills." H. K. Williamson, gen eral superintendent, Nekoosa-Edwards Paper Company, Port Ed wards, Wis,, will describe "Special Hazards of Pourdrinier Machines and Their Elimination."' Three leading speakers in the Power Press Section are the follow ing: J. W, Bland, chief of machine construction and repair division. Hawthorne Works, Western Electric Company, Chicago, who will speak on "Inspection and*- Maintenance of Power Presses for Safe Operation": G, A. Kuechenraeister, personnel manager. Dominion Forge and Stamping Company, Walkerville, Ontario, whose subject-is. "Securing the Cooperation of the Worker in Major Injuries ANY lost-time accidents are M caused by so-called minor haz ards, usually allied with unsafe prac tices in performing work. Two ex amples were cited recently by one of our f'ouncil members in a general bul letin to the employees of the plant. While assisting in placing in posi tion a steel I-beam to be used for an overhead rail, an employee was stand ing on a short ladder equipped with swivel foot plates to prevent slipping. He reached too far to one side in at tempting to tighten the bolts and the. ladder tipped, causing him to fall about 15 feet. He struck a projecting part of a machine, fracturing two ribs, one of which penetrated his heart, and he died an hour after the accident. The department head reported, "This is a common hazard, in that men generally are more careless in working from short ladders than when high in the air; serious accidents often occur from short falls, especially if there is any obstruction which a man is liable to strike on the way down." The second accident, while not as serious, occurred even though stand Mass,, will tell `` What the Manufac turer of Tanning Machinery Can Do to Promote Safety in the Tanning In Accident Prevention": and Louis Boraks, safety engineer. Liberty .Mu tual Insurance Company, Boston, ard safety equipment was being used. The employee was wearing safety shoes provided with a heel plate cover dustry." Dr. C. L. Ferguson, med ical director, the Selby Shoe Com pany, Portsmouth, 0,, will describe "The Accident Prone Employee." Mass., who will talk on "Reducing Power Press and Machine Shop Haz ards Through Engineering Re vision. ! ' ing the entire miter edge of the heel. In attempting to move a heavy revnlvator, he slipped on the concrete Moor and sprained the muscles and liga The Metals Section has the two The Street and Highway Traffic ments of his right knee. national safety news 21 The Safety Engineer Aids the Life Underwriter By H. W. HEINRICH" \'OL\'KEKI.\s'i science was first * Life insurance companies as well as casualty companies E"applied to insurance coverages in order to reduce the hazards , 4 tend to destroy property, as in have benefited by accident prevention work in industry 9 rjue and tire insurances, SubseSnjut^euuttllv.v<* the insurance engineer was ,mired to extend his investigations the industrial hazards which tend to destroy the lives and health of in engineering revision applied to one operation in a specific industry. Pig iron tonnage in the United States increased 266 per cent from 1912 to 1926, while in the same period duced as shown by rhe records. Is it possible that life insurance experience on these workmen lias not improved as a consequence f Example Xu. 2 illustrates the effect dividuals- , The safety engineer has come to be , most essential function in the sound Jonduet and development of the casu- sity insurance business. It cannot be said, however, that the ^ults of his efforts are confined to tt,e particular insurance interest which employs his services. For ex- tmpie, a lessening of the hazards for the employees of a certain factory or quarry not only results in the better ment of the compensation experience n them but also must automatically ferease the claims under the per- nonai life or accident and health in- aisuices any of them may be carrying $$ individuals. Again, if the opera- tarn of a particular elevator is made mter by the efforts of an engineer, it is obvious that the improvement benefits all who use the elevator, re gardless of the kinds of insurances tarried. It is clear therefore that a definite trillion exists between safety engi- twring for casualty insurance and lift insurance experience. It is equal ly certain that the value of the engi neer's service to the casualty under writer and to the life underwriter T*rie only in degree. ^ive examples are submitted. The iny ways in which engineering serv- ** the life underwriter by tv- the probability of injury and &y be shown better perhaps ^ illustration than by discussion of IWsemiities, __^*Ple No. 1 shows the effect of of time fatal accidents decreased 79.6 per cent per l.OOlT.OOO tons produced. Behind this record lies a story of applied engineering revision. 1'oke, ore, and flux in 1912 were thrown in to blast furnaces; the molten iron was drawn off in ladles and poured into individual pig iron molds. During these operations furnace men, heat ers, ladlers. pourers, moiders. foremen and unskilled workmen were exposed to the dangers of hot metal, sparks, and congested working spaces. Recognizing these hazards, the en gineers devised the automatic pig easting machine. This consists of an inclined conveyor on which the indi vidual pig molds are mounted. As each mold in turn comes to the fur nace it is filled automatically. The great length of the conveyor permits time for chilling no that when the filled mold reaches the bottom of the incline it may be dumped mechanical ly into waiting .steel freight ears. Practically no hand operations are re quired and the exposure is greatly re of installing machine guards. hi the State of Massachusetts the number of accidents from machinery was id,49(1 in 1919; in 1929 the num ber was 7,617. Records showing the number of machinery fatalities are not available but it is clear that fa talities must have undergone some de crease in the same period. This record is typical of many other states and is a direct reflection of the intensive drive which has been made by accident prevention engineers dur ing the last decade on the provision of guards for machinery and machine tools. Further evidence of sueeess in re ducing mechanical hazards to indus trial workmen is 'indicated by the lesser importance today of schedule rating in compensation insurance. This form of rating attempts to credit or penalize individual plants because of the existence of guarded or un guarded machinery. It is predicted that schedule rating has outlived its usefulness. The occupational hazard classifica tions affected include workmen in metal, wood, leather, and textile plants, machinists, mechanics, pattern makers, buffers and polishers, tool and die makers, etc. Is it too much, to assume that the life insurance business, too, has bene fited ? Example No. 3 concerns the effect of safety educational work on an in dividual risk. An elevated railway company in tnn^SSjM Superintendent, Bnffiniwringr and OstaftJr* gmsion. The Travers insurance Hartford* Connecticut. - A paper 4^22* the Home Office Life Underwrit- one of the New England states oper ated 52,274,776 car miles and carried 604,695,199 passengers in a single 1932 year without causing the death of a toward the adoption of a safer process tional classification, the casualty ,, single child. Major accidents de was begun and still continues. gineers are aware of it. The trow crease! I nearly .">0 per cent in three The good experience in any one reported to casualty underwrite^ j years. Industrial accidents decreased plant or any small group of indi the service engineers could like^ 20 per cent in one year. The cost of vidual plants cannot he measured by be reported to life underwriters. industrial accidents was reduced "S rates which differ from the class rate Casualty engineers, perhaps per cent in one year. as a whole. Is it not clear, however, than any other class of insurance fi| All this was accomplished through a combination of psychological re search and engineering service ex that a downward trend in the num ber of fatalities in the woodworking industry must eventually create more knowing intimately the peculiar^ and differentiations in hazard in Iustriai occupations, may be of V| pressed in general educational meas ures. Occupations Affected acceptable life risks in that industry, and that until the trend begins to show in statistical records, the likeli hood of loss under life policies is re as consultants when individual api cations are being considered. The life underwriter likewise be of real service to the casualty The occupational rating classifica tions affected are as follows: Subway and elevated railroad motormen, con ductors, laborers, repairmen, etc. In cidentally, the hazard to the general public was greatly reduced also. Probably, as a result, occupational ratings for life insurances have de creased. Example No. 4 pertains to the effect of safe process study on a specific in dustry. A high frequency of fatalities di rected the attention of casualty en gineers to the hazards of the veneer industry. The facts discovered were as follows: duced? Example Xo. 5 is the effect of process research on the hazards of a specific machine. A dry-eleaning plant had suffered a series of tires and explosions, one of which resulted in loss of life, and the owners were extremely desirous of im proving the situation if at all prac ticable. Processes and methods were studied to find out if some other way of handling the work could be devel oped that would be safer and equally efficient. This action led to the real ization that the use of gasoline or naphtha could be eliminated and that a substitute solvent, having a flash point above 100 degrees F. (about the gineer by advising him of mortals data when it exposes variations in hazards of specific occupations. In general it may be said that objectives of insurance require interchange of information and {] the casualty insurance engineer, so as occupational hazards are corned, is in an excellent position obtain and pass along such infoi tion to the life underwriter. A tiite relationship exists. The ncers are eager to be of service,, remains only for practical proceij to be developed whereby this relati ship may he capitalized. Accidents Vary Slightly 1. The fatalities were due to drowning and scalding in the open soaking vats where veneer logs were placed prior to the veneer cutting opera tion. 2. There were no apeeitie violations of customary safe practice and no un usual physical hazards. 3. The hazards were inherent with the particular operation performed and it was clear that improvement muBt come about through a change in the process. After much research and experi mentation the engineers found that the dangerous hot water soaking oper ation could be replaced by a much less hazardous procedure. Low pressure steam boxes would do the work of softening the veneer logs fully as well and with no danger from scalding, same as kerosene oil), would do the work equally well and with consider ably less hazard. The change was made. The fire and explosion hazards were materially reduced, and the ac cident record from these causes has subsequently been entirely satisfac tory. It is not hard to believe that the effect- has been beneficial to life insur ance experience as well. In many other ways which cannot well be described because of space limitations, engineering service iden tifies and reduces the life and accident hazards of industry. The consequent benefit to life and accident insurance lies chiefiy in the reduction of loss payments. With Location ATAL industrial accidents si F considerable similarity in typa different regions independent of i ferences in the industries, unless n ing happens to predominate. In 1 Tork, for example, out of 1,207 cli liable compensated fatalities in 3 only 10 occurred in agriculture none in logging; while out of the 1 Canadian total of 1,135 deaths, occurred in agriculture and 73 in ging. In spite of these and a marked differences in industries ered the following table shows tk of the 5 main classes of accident respond closely in importance, cidents from hoisting apparatus more prominent in New Tork be drowning, or falling into the vats, tt was also found that mechanical conveying or lifting apparatus could be used for charging and discharging hot water vats in case a complete change to the use of steam was im practical because of lack of funds. The engineers proceeded at once to Interchange of Information Further service to life insurance, and more specifically to the life un derwriter, is afforded by casualty in surance engineers in regard to the identification and rating of specific in dustrial classifications, revision of manuals, recognition of new hazards, of the metropolitan character of I state, with its numerous elevators cranes; while the presence of a fa extensive mining industry in (`an forces up the proportion of aeeid from falling objects in that euun Class of Accident Per Cent o 5 Fatalities New-York Oil urge one or the other of these changes and the elimination of existing haz Hoisting apparatus .............10.7 1 on each covered veneer manufactur ing risk. They succeeded in eliminat ing the dangerous processes in sev eral of the risks. Better still, a trend ards. Long before mortality tables or group experience shows an increase or decrease in the specific occupa Dangerous substances...... 13.5 ll Falling objects .................... 0,3 11 Falls of persons.....................22.6 5( Other .......................... 20.021 Vehicles ............................ 26.9 2! NATIONAL SAFETY N1 That Dawg-gone Dog! By R. H. FERGUSON* * He may be a pet to the Family but he is often a real menace to the meter reader and the delivery man OOP! Woof! Woof! '' *Nie doggie! Mice dog gie!" [ looked op. Out of reach, hut perched insecurely in the fork of a qnall tree, sat the meter reader! Funny ? Yes--but suppose you assiume for a moment the position of that meter man treed by a dog. The situation will not appear so amusing, atld it might he very dangerous-- varying, of course, with the size and serious intent of the dog. To the uninitiated, the life of the repair, service or meter man is ap parently a hum-drum existence--just one service call after another--hut to those who know, the job is filled with uncertainties and surprises. If you could get the boys to relate their ex periences, some harrowing tales would be forthcoming. The average service man, of any business, is almost always cautious when entering a customer's premises; he is always expecting the unexpected --or at least he should be--and it isn't often that he is caught unawares. accomplished! than about any other bothersome problem which i'aees the safety man. Of course, the real answer to a reduction in injuries through men being bitten by a customer's dog is to develop a thorough educational pro gram. This program should reach not only your service people who must enter the customer's premises, but a portion of it should also be directed to the owner of the dog. Many experiments have been tried. In some instances, companies have provided meter readers and service men with ammonia guns or similar equipment. While these guns do fur nish protection, this is not the real answer. The use of ammonia on the customer's pet certainly does not make for the best of public relations: the liquid is also difficult to handle and an accidental spill is not pleasant. Many companies therefore have dis continued this practice. f.n other cases, employees have been furnished with leather puttees or leggings. This furnishes protection for the lower portion of the limbs, hut here again this is not the complete answer. While available statistics in dicate that a majority of injuries oc cur below the knees, the records also show that the thigh, hands and arms come in for their share. More and more, we find the service company asking the customer to co operate. This is acompiished in vari ous ways. In some cases the meter reader is asked to place a notation on the sheet in his route book indicating that a customer's premises contains a dog. The notation should be placed on the sheet regardless of whether the particular service man believes the dog to be vicious. In many eases a dog will not disturb one man, but he may take a dislike to the next. Where such vicious dogs are known, the serv ice man entering the premises can, of course, be on his guard. He would do well to solicit the customer's aid in either locking up or chaining the dog while the meter is being read or other work finished. But in the situation just described this is exactly what happened. The man had entered the yard on this bright summer morning without mak ing the customary check of the route book which he was carrying. Had he looked at the sheet, or had his mind been on the job, he would have re called that this customer possessed a vicious dog which, ordinarily, ran loose in the yard. When the gate closed behind him things began to happen pretty fast. He was surprised, and then naturally took to the tree, the easiest way out his difficulty. The prevention of dog bites is a real problem in any organization where employees must enter the cus tomer's premises--and this includes Public utility companies. Prhbably re questions have been asked about fhat to do to prevent employees be- bitten by dogs (and less has been 'Safety Engineer, National Safety Council. AUGUST, 1932 24 Among' the organizations which have recently adopted this method, is <>hio Edison < 'ompariy. of winch ((Ion fl, SIisw is safety director, in each case where it is known that a vicious dog is maintained, a personal letter is written by Mr. Shaw to Hie customer ami his cooperation is asked. The ap proximate time is indicated at which the meter or service man will appear on the premises and the customer is asked to keep rite dog tied up until the service man has departed. Kxccl- lent cooperation lias been developed and this type of accident reduced ma terially. In some eases it is not neces sary to arrange for the service man to appear on the premises at a special time, for the customer understands the seriousness of rhe situation and the willingness of rhe company to co operate in every way possible. A Dog Fancier's Advice Another method, used by several members of the Public f'tilities Sec tion in calling attention to this prob lem, has been to issue a notice each month with the invoice for service. In some cases a printed slip was en closed with the bill, while in others the message was printed on the bill itself. This procedure has proved highly satisfactory. All in all, when the proper approach is made to the customer and the employee is thor oughly acquainted with all proeed ures, little trouble is experienced. A number of organizations, in addi tion to securing the cooperation of the customer, have developed a thorough educational program among their em ployees. Recently one company called in a dog fancier, and among other things he suggested that the men never kick at, a barking dog, nor throw sticks or rocks at it, but stand absolutely still at first, keeping their eyes on the animal. This man also suggested that if a hand is held out as though to pat a dog, it should be held palm upward. This is certainly logical, as in reeding a dog from the hand, the palm is always up and not down, tf the back of the hand is up. the dog believes that you are going to strike him and this consequently makes him more nervous. Another company employed the services of a dog fancier, with good results in the reduction of personal injuries from dog bites. The ex perience of Paul K. Kuhn, of the Penn Central Light & Power Com pany, indicates success. He asked C, A. Hoofnagie, superintendent of trans portation for file Altoona & Logan Valiev Electric Railway Company, to discuss this problem with the service men. Hr. Hoofnagie was formerly a president and a judge of the Altoona Kennel Chib. in part Mr. Hoofnagie slid: "The how, shepherd, and the dohermanpineher are three breeds that are keen about strangers. They are a one-familv dog. You run. however, walk past these dogs if you do not strike at them or back away as if you are afraid. Never kick or strike at a dog. .Just keep walking and talking fo him." Mr. Hoofnagie also sug gests that you .should never put out your hand or snap your fingers, but simply speak and talk mid the dog will see that you are nor afraid. In dealing with dogs, it is suggested that rhe meter reader carry his book or flashlight under his arm and not at arm's length when entering the customer's premises, [f this is not done, tile dog in many cases becomes nervous and believes that he is going to be struck. Another interesting point explained by Mr. Hoofnagie is the fact that an animal that is tied up is much more nervous and much more liable to bite than the dog that is running loose in the house or yard. However, from personal experience, we fee! about like K!J per cent, of the service men who must face a strange dog--we'd much rather have him tied up securely than running loose. Kind Word* Soothe Him "There isn't any question but that fear enters largely into the proper handling of dogs," says Mr. Hoof nagie. ` ` A dog must be excited be fore he will fight or bite. Any un usual noise will excite him. Don'tdie afraid of a dog that barks. He wants to find out if the stranger is a friend or a foe. Just give iiim a kind word. You must remember-lhat the dog is a part of the property and that it creates the ill-will of the customer if you kick or strike the dog.'' If the dog snaps at the service man. of course, it is always the stranger's fault; in the eyes of the owner, he is bound to bp wrong. Just as one of the meter readers indicated--"The dog may be gentle and still eat off your hand, leg, or foot, or any place. ' ' It is not pleasant to stand still with a furious animal growling and bark ing at you, but nine times out of ten the owner will tell you that the dog will not hire, and probably he is right, The thing to do in that case is fn wait until they rake charge of the dug, `.Quoting further from Mr, llnofiiigle's remarks: "A dog judges >1 person almost entirely from tile rone of his voice, ft' the tone is kind and approving, the dog knows that every thing is all right. If the rone is rough and scolding, he expects to be punished. People who own a dog do not wanr a stranger chastizing it Wry few dogs will bite without a rea son, You must remember that a dag cannot speak, kick, or strike back. A strange dog should never be sur prised. Walk up to him when he is looking at you. Speak in a low, kind lone. Do not hesitate, bring your hands up to his face, not down over his head. He wants to see your hand, to smell it, before, you touch him, if you pat, him from the top of the head, he does not see your hand and does not. know just what you are going to do." Experiences Wanted All in all. there is a lot of Miund logic and excellent advice in Mr. Hoofnagie s remarks. If you are faced with a similar problem, why not se cure rhe services of a man who really knows dogs--undoubtedly there is one near you--and have him speak to your meter readers, inspectors, etc., about the proper method of handling the problem? Every- case where this has been followed has met with a re duction of such accidents. It is possible that there are cither methods of handling the vicious dog problem which have not been called to our attention. If this is the case and you have any additional suggestions to make, don't hesitate to send them to the National Safety Council so that we may tell other members about them. In educational work carried on among your employees, it is very im portant that careful instructions lie given concerning the proper treat ment of dog bites. It is essential that tirst aid be rendered just as soon as possible if rabies is to he prevented with absolute certainty. In many lo cations the case must be reported im mediately to the public health authori ties so that the dog which caused the trouble may be placed under observa tion and kept from biting others, it is advisable to be familiar with local situations-that all people may lie properly safeguarded. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Safety's Third Fundamental By G. M. BRIGGS * The machine manufacturer and industrial management share the responsibility for lack of progress in en gineering revision for safety. Nevertheless, many types of adequately guarded machines are being built and will be shown in future issues of this magazine HE pioneers of tile safety move mit itself to operate under the handi Tment had very definite reasons cap of hazardous machinery and of for the order in whieh they unsafe plant conditions that were placed the three fundamental activciommon two decades ago. Those pio ties of the accident prevention pro neers had a fine faith in the future of gram: ,safeguarding, education, en the safety movement. gineering revision. Why, then, is the average plant to Safeguarding must tie carried out day using machines that were built thoroughly so that file workplace with an apparent disregard for safety should lie free of hazards. The em factors! Are not safe machines now ployee must be educated in a knowl produced, in harmony with the most edge of safe practices and in iiis re advanced safety thought and tech sponsibility for the use of safeguards. nique ? Where lies the fault, if so lit Finally, the machine itself, whenever tle seems to have been accomplished possible, .should be redesigned and through engineering revision to build manufactured in such form that old thoroughly safe machines! hazards would either be eliminated or safeguarded in the process of building. To answer these questions for read ers of the National Safety News, this magazine has been making a f am. however, convinced that none study of the problem from two points of those who laid the foundations of of view. A wide circle of members the safety movement considered for a of the National Safety Council were moment that in the year 1932 any first consulted, and one of the ques progressive industry would still per tions asked of them was the names of Courtesy, General Electric Co, Two totally-enclosed fan-cooled synchronous motors, rated 100 h.p., each with non combustible gas-filled interior and coupled to reciprocating compressor. Control has no contacts made or broken in atmosphere. These motors are installed in a gas gathering plant of an oil refinery. Courtesy, F. W. Bliss i o. Example of an automatic thread roll ing and beading machine, operating at a speed of 250 shells per minute, from which danger to the operator has been eliminated. The shells are fed automatically into the chute, are worked on and discharged without handling by operator. any manufacturers which the member knew were building machines that were adequately safeguarded at time < manufacture. From these manu facturers information was then se cured about outstanding examples of their product; and from the two sources a large fund of information was built up, much of whieh will be arranged here in a series of timely articles. It was inevitable, of course, that a wide variety of opinions should have been expressed. For example, one casualty insurance representative de clared that in twenty years there has been little change in the attitude of manufacturers toward the safeguard ing of their machines. "Laundry ma chinery is guarded; and domestic ap pliances have been made fool proof. Public opinion and legislative enact ment forced laundry machinery guarding because of women em ployees. But almost all other ma chinery is not guarded." Another industrial executive says: "Our experience in steel mill work shows that very few machines come from the manufacturer equipped with guards that are suitable in all details. Many manufacturers do equip certain AUGUST, 1932 25 Safety's Third Fundamental By G. M. BRIGGS * The machine manufacturer and industrial management share the responsibility for lack of progress in en gineering revision for safety. Nevertheless, many types of adequately guarded machines are being built and will be shown in future issues of this magazine HE pioneers nf flu1 safety move mit itself to operate under the handi Tment had very definite reasons cap of hazardous machinery and of for the order in which they unsafe plant miditions that were placed the three fundamental activciommon two decades ago. Those pio ties of tlie accident prevention pro neers had a tine faith in the future of gram: safeguarding. education, en the safety movement. gineering revision. Why, then, is the average plant to Safeguarding must he carried out day using machines that were built thoroughly so that the workplace with an apparent disregard for safety should he free of hazards. The em factors ! Are not safe machines now ployee must be educated in a knowl produced, in harmony with the most edge of >afe practices and in his re advanced safety thought and tech sponsibility for the use of safeguards. nique ? Where lies the fault, if so lit Finally, the machine itself, whenever tle seems to have been accomplished possible, should be redesigned and through engineering revision to build manufactured in such form that old thoroughly safe machines? hazards would either be eliminated or safeguarded in the process of building. To answer these questions for read ers of the National Safety News, this magazine lias been making a F am. however, convinced that none study of the problem from two points of those who laid the foundations of of view. A wide circle of members the safety movement considered for a of the National Safety Council were moment that in the year 19:12 any first consulted, and one of the ques progressive industry would still per tions asked of them was the names of Courtesy, General Electric Co, Two totally-enclosed fan-cooled synchronous motors, rated 100 h.p., each with noneombustible gas-filled interior and coupled to reciprocating compressor. Control has no contacts made or broken in atmosphere. These motors are installed in a gas- gathering plant of an oil refinery. Courtesy, F, W, Bliss Co. Example of an automatic thread roll ing and beading machine, operating at a speed of 250 shells per minute, from which danger to the operator has been eliminated. 'Fhe shells are fed automatically into the chute, are worked on and discharged without handling by operator. any manufacturers which the member knew were building machines that were adequately .sMAguarded at time of manufaeture, From these manu facturers information was then se cured about outstanding examples of their product; and from the two sources a large fund of information was built up, much of which will be arranged here in a series of timely articles. ft- was inevitable, of course, that a wide variety of opinions should have been expressed. For example, one casualty insurance representative de clared that in twenty years there has been little change in the attitude of manufacturers toward the safeguard ing of their machines. " Laundry ma chinery is guarded; and domestic ap pliances have been made fool proof. Public opinion and legislative enact ment forced laundry machinery guarding because of women em ployees. But almost all other ma chinery is not guarded." Another industrial executive says: `Our experience in steel mill .work shows that very few machines come from the manufacturer equipped with guards that are suitable in all details. Many manufacturers do equip certain AUGUST, 1932 26 Courtesy, The American Too! Works Co. A (epical example of the evolution of safety design. Below (inset) the machine as built at the beginning of the century; and (above) the triple purpose radial drill with every possible operating member fully enclosed in permanent housings. Numerous other automatic devices protect the machine and work against accident. machines with guards, or partly equip them, but usually we have to design and make guards to conform with the set-up. Usually the guards are too light or only partly cover the points of hazard." Prom a large unit in the food prod ucts industry eornes this statement; "None of the companies from whom we have recently purchased machin ery have safeguarded their machines 100 per cent. One company has guarded its product only about 75 per cent, while others run about 90 per cent or a little better. In other words, there is always additional safe guarding to be done by the purchaser after installation of the machine." On the other hand, here are some representative opinions which give another side of the picture. First, from a large shoe manufacturer: "We find that there are quite a number of machines in use in our factories and tanneries that are provided by the manufacturer with adequate guards when sent out. One large machinery corporation is constantly cooperating. developing new guards which, once they have met the adequate standard for such a guard, are then adopted and later the machine is manufac tured with this guard as an integral part." A representative of a large Chicago packing house writes: "Makers of packing house, machinery safeguard all machines, providing the buyer so specifies. The great trouble is that buyers try to save money on ordering machinery without guards and then later arrange to install guards which in the long run cost more than ever." "For several years." writes a rep resentative of the lime and cement industry, "we have specified in all purchase orders and contracts that equipment must be adequately guarded to meet the Pennsylvania State safety requirements," And from the auto mobile industry, in similar vein, is this: "It is the duty of one man in our plant to take our standard safety blueprint and check all new machines shipped to ns. If they are insuffi ciently guarded, the manufacturer is sent a print indicating the safety re quirements for ail future shipments." A large Michigan industrial plant sends this statement: "A great deal of the machinery supplied to us has little or no guarding provided by the manufacturer. In mosl cases where an effort, has been made to supply safeguards, these are inadequate for our purpose, although they might do in other plants. I should think it might be better for the manufacturer to quote on machines both with and without the guards." This comes from a great paper mill: "The question of guarding by the manufacturers of machines is one of price, 1 am wondering if the manufacturer could not he induced to quote prices on a machine completely safeguarded and also without, guards. It would then be up to the pur chaser." It is impractical because of space limitations to quote from the many other letters received, but the fore going are representative. Here, how ever, is a statement from a large ma chine manufacturer which deserves thoughtful consideration: "It may sound strange to you, but in our experience in selling mill equip ment, we do not recall that any of our customers have ever requested or spe cified the safeguards that should be used. ' ' There are, then, plainly two types of machine manufacturer: in one ease, the executive who has not been interested in safety and who continues from year to year to produce merely efficient machines with little thought as to the hazards connected with them; and in the second case, the progressive minded manufacturer, in familiar contact, doubtless, with in dustrial plants where the accident prevention movement has taken deep root, who has consciously sought to build safer as well as better machines. It is a singular fact (yet quite logical) that the cumulative efforts of engineers to produce more efficient, more speedy and more productive ma chines have also in most cases resulted in safer machines. An outstanding example o this is the individual motor drive. As machines have been developed from the standpoints of ef ficiency and economy many gears, sprockets and other parts have been eliminated, thus simplifying the mech anism and removing causes of danger. Where gears and other moving parts have not been removed, they have in many cases been enclosed within the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 27 machine body ........... by neat. guards, producing a beautiful, smooth machine contour closely approaching the safety ideal. It must be recognized, of course, that there are many types of machines which are difficult, if not impossible, to make entirely safe in operation, Doubtless this statement should be modified bv adding the phrase "diffi cult at the present time." it is the history of industrial achievement that many things in the safety field which were thought to be impossible a span of years ago are today common mat ters of routine in many factories. Xofc, however, in all factories, as witness the details of the multitudes of accidents to industrial employees that are compiled each year. Un guarded machinery still takes its heavy toll in thousands of plants that have not learned to be safety minded. For if there are two types of ma chine manufacturer, there are also two types of plant manager: one who, through ignorance or disregard of safety fundamentals, or a mistaken idea of economy, continues to operate with obsolete machines inadequately protected with homemade safeguards; and a second type who has sought to make every physical operation and condition in the factory safe for his employees, because he realizes that the prevention of accidents is a vita! part of the production program. It is no more possible to shift the blame for unsafe machines on the Courtesy, General Electric Co. A heavy-duty roll grinder equipped with six motors and control illustrative of compact, self-contained driving units on machine tools. Mechanical power transmission devices are minimized and protected, and control lines are installed in an approved manner and control equipment is fully enclosed. Some of the safeguards, of course, were installed after the machinery was set up. shoulders of the manufacturer alone than it is to blame the employee alone for getting hurt by an un guarded machine. If there was suffi cient demand for them, every manu facturer in our country would be com peting in the production of completely safeguarded machines. We must face the fact that most of the progress made thus far has been accomplished in the effort to improve production and lower costs, and in very few cases have machines been redesigned solely with the thought to reduce the hazard to the employee. Surely the indus trial plant executive must at least share in responsibility for this. iSS Listen to the voice of a well known i-asuaity insurance man: "Automo biles are now furnished with bumpers because the demand for them lias grown so universal that they are standard equipment. It would be that way with guarded machines if purchasers could be sold on the ad vantage of buying them, even if the first cost of the machine were in creased one per cent or so thereby. . . . Mechanical safeguarding has been a discouraging problem. At times I feel like giving it up as a bad job: and then i see what some enter prising plant is doing to make its machines safe at the point of opera tion, and I realize how they operate year in and year out without serious lost-time accidents, and I take heart again! ' ' t ourtesy. The National Machinery f>, An excellent example o a massive cold header forging machine with well guarded main gear and motor pinion and all other moving parts well guarded. With this high speed type of equipment, it is essential that all moving parts be adequately protected. Undoubtedly it is these two high types of men who have most influ enced the progress of the safety movement; the intelligent plant executive who demands a thoroughly safe plant, and the farsighted machine manufacturer who is continually seek ing safer as well as more efficient designs for his product. There is. I believe, a very definite danger that many plants engaged in safety work today are drifting to a mistaken understanding of tile rela tive importance of those three safety fundamentals, ft has been truly said that no more than 25 per cent (per haps even less) of all plant accidents <`an be prevented by applied safe guards and by engineering revision. In short, it is claimed that from 75 io 90 per cent of industrial accidents i Please turn to page 02) AUGUST, 1932 28 What s the Next Move? By w'DEAN KEEFEl After making a good start with his safety program Bill seems to be stymied. But Shorty is ready with a prac tical solution for every prob lem. This is the third letter of the series The boss put a punch into his announcement. EAR Bill: You're a quitter! D What do you mean--you 're too busy to drive up here over the week-end? What about me? must think I've got time to burn-- that it's no trouble at ail to spend about- a day a week pounding out let ters to you on the typewriter. And you're fuller of questions than my dog is of fleas--and that's saying a lot. First, you ask what should be done with all those reports which the fore men are to submit after making sur veys of their departments. Can't you get the superintendent to let you re view them? That will save his time and likewise give you a chance to classify the recommendations made-- and also to cheek them against the recommendations presented by the state and insurance company inspec tors. There are lots of ways you can clas sify them. For instance, you can first divide them into three groups: one group of suggestions which you ap prove for immediate action--a second group which seem plainly impractica ble--and it third group which are questionable. Before going further, you may want to discuss some of the recommenda tions (the questionable ones at least) Ywoiuth the engineering department or the purchasing agent, or others, to find out just what expense will be in curred in case they are accepted. This information may *i,me in mighty handy in case of argument. Some of these recommendations may then have lo be reclassified and you may want to put a few into a "later'' group. Then take up the whole job with jour superintendent for ttK. All that may he necessary with some of the recommendations is to give the foremen authorization for making the improvements suggested -- that is, when the wurk does not involve other departments. In other cases, work orders will have to be drawn up, ap proved ami signed. There is one thing to keep in mind. Bill. If you and the superintendent agree that certain suggestions are im practicable, or can't be carried out at otu-e, you or the superintendent should discuss those suggestions with the foremen who submitted them. Other wise, the foremen may get the idea that you and the boss are nor sincere in all your talk about safety. It may he a good thing to discuss mam of these items at another foremen'! meeting. This siiuttid help a lot m curing a favorable reaction to the <jf. visions that are made. 1 guess that`s going into a lot of detail which you'll have to work out as you go along. But watch out ynj don't -vvantp any one department: with a carload of shop orders nil ati me time. You'll probably find tbatj your master mechanic's gang or riej electrical department will have to du] a pile of work in carrying out the ae.| ceptable recommendations, Perhapd you'll have to help the foremen ioj those departments to schedule this work so it will not interfere too mudwith their regular activities. And then follow them up--that is, make sure they are really doing this work properly and as rapidly as posy sihle. U might he a good idea for vod to let some of the slower foremen! know that you have to submit weekly] reports to the boss on the progress] they are making. Of course, as youri work progresses, you probably trill shift to a report once a month instead! of once a week. 1 If any of your recommeiulatimui call for guards or equipment that must be bought, I would suggest that, you write to the National Safety1 Council and secure a copy of rheif Buyer's (inkle. This guide has 41 types of equipment listed alphabeti cally with the names and addresses of: manufacturers ami dealers. On the other hand, if you plan wconstruct and install some of your own guards and make other improve,, meats, be sure that everything is uP ' to the standards laid down by yUf state and insurance company tufr livers. Here again the Council ca give yon assistance. If jou can't tint* NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 29 out what you want to know from the Councils Safe Practices Pamphlets, just write your problem in a letter to their headquarters office. Their consultation service is A-l and they will go the limit in answering every question you fling at them. But i haven't said anything about the reason for ail this work. Well, as I see it. this survey busi ness and the job of carrying out a lot of these safety recommendations are absolutely necessary -- and they're necessary right at the start. Let me explain it this way. .Most of the ac cidents in industry result either from unsafe practices or unsafe conditions. The management ami the workers joinflii are responsible for unsafe practices -- but the management al most st/lehf is responsible for unsafe conditions. All right! Doesn't it seem logicsti tiien that the management should do itx jolt before asking the workers to do their stuff'.' Otherwise, won't the workers get the idea that the manage ment is trying to slip out from its responsibility and pass the buck to the workers ? i 'in sure you see what 1 mean. After you have made a good start in carrying out the recommendations submitted by your foremen, then it's time to make a general announcement of the safety plans to the entire force. For one thing, put up a permanent Put up a permanent bulletin board in every department. sttuMfcnew Don't swamp any department with a carload of shop orders all at once. bulletin board in each department and every unsafe condition which was another one near the entrance to the brought to its attention--tiiat lie plant, and make the announcement wanted the workers to report any in bulletin form. These special bul other conditions which might have letins. of course, should be signed been overlooked--and finally that it by your general manager or plant would take the cooperation of every superintendent. one in the company to eliminate un In addition to this, in the plant safe practices, lie wound up by ex across the river from us. the boss pressing his faith in the superintend called all the workers together in a ent, the foremen, the safety man. and meeting so he could make a speech the workers--and in their ability to and tell the gang what it was all prevent aecidents, not only to them about. I heard that speech and it cer selves but also to "the other fellow." tainly made a hit---it put a punch The gang left that meeting all into his announcement that he never pepped up, and I hand a lot of the could have got into a bulletin alone. credit for their good start and con He started right off by telling them tinued good record to their hoss who (hat from now on everybody in the has been behind the work right from plant was to turn over a new leaf and rhe very beginning. do everything in his power to prevent The announcement iu your com accidents. He spoke about the com pany can also he emphasized by an pany's accident record for the previ article in your company magazine, or ous year or two and told them that by letters to your workers over rhe though their former records were not boss's signature. I know of some any worse than those of many other cases where such letters were sent plants in town -- nevertheless, they through the mail to rhe workers' home were nothing to brag about. He addresses, so the wives and families pointed out the fact that accidents would know what it was all about, too, 'hit" not only the company, but also Right along with this announce the workers, and the community too ment, Bill, you should start rhe use --and he explained why. of safety posters. I'm not giving you His next point referred to the ap any penny lecture on that subject for pointment of the safety director--and it's ail written up in the Council's in his conclusion, he told what was to Safe Practices Pamphlet Xo, 158 on be done. Naturally, fie explained "Safety Posters and Bulletin Boards" what i have just talked about in this --where it's stated a lot better than I letter--that most accidents result could ever put it in a letter. either from unsafe conditions or from There's just one point, however, unsafe practices--that the manage that needs emphasis: that is, don't ment had already started to correct (Please turn to pitf/e 48) AUGUST. 1932 1 Safe Electrical Equipment for Explosive Atmospheres ODERN industrial develop Dust-tight and explosion- M ments, particularly in the proof motors and controls chemical industries, have brought about many fire and exphloave made operation safer sion hazards. The increasing use of and more efficient in those volatile solvents has extended many of these hazards to other industries. Where flammable gases and dusts are found in the right mixture with air industries where gases and dusts are likely to create explosive atmospheres a ``mysterious" explosion with heavy loss of life and property damage may occur. Of course, these explosive mixtures should not be allowed to form. Ven tilation should remove the gas or dust at its source, but real safety work does not depend on any one safeguard. For that reason large areas of win dow space are desirable to vent the force of any possible explosion, while good housekeeping methods and ade quate exhaust systems remove many a hazard. For these locations the de velopment of dust-tight and explo sion-proof electrical equipment has been Important from the standpoint of both safety and operating effi ciency. The National Electrical Code rec ognizes three general types of haz ardous locations: in dangerous amounts. For example, a belt operating at &00 r.p.m. in dry air will become charged with sufficient electricity to jump two inches. A gas-tight motor is an impossibil ity. There must be an opening for the shaft and a tight tit is impossible because of "breathing" within the motor--expansion and contraction due to heating and cooling from inter mittent operation. A certain amount of gas will inevitably be drawn into the motor, so the clearance is made as small as possible and the length of the path sufficient to prevent any dame originating in the motor from propagating to the outer atmosphere. An explosion-proof motor, accord ing to insurance schedules and state laws covering dry-cleaning plants, means a type of motor that is totally enclosed, specially constructed, and tested and labeled by Underwriters Laboratories for use in Class I. haza rdous atmospheres. in addition to preventing ignition within from extending to the outside atmosphere the motor casing must be strong enough to withstand pressure from any explosion likely to occur inside the motor, in addition, the motor should radiate heat fast enough so that in ease of a burnout in the ab sence of overload protection, the sur rounding gas will not be ignited. Of course, a property designed mo tor is not expected to burn up if pro tected against overload, low voltage and other abnormal conditions. But no possibility of accident should be ignored. Explosion-Proof Construction Motors for Class i vapor hazards must be constructed according to rigid standards. Three classes of con struction are permitted: fully en closed, totally enclosed fan-ventilated, totally enclosed pipe-ventilated. The last mentioned type, however, is sel dom used. The simple totally en closed type is used only in motors of I *4 HP or less. With the larger mo- ('latm I comprises locations where flam mable gases and flammable volatile liquids are manut'aeturecL Class II comprises locations where com bustible dusts are present and iikely to be thrown into suspension in the air. t'lass III refers to locations where there are easily ignitable libers or other mate rials which might b ignited by arcing, overheating, or breakdown oi insulation. The distinction, between Classes XI and III, however, is not sufficient to consider for manufacturing purposes. Installing the motor in a separate room away from the source of hazard was in the past the only method of protection available. This, however, deprived certain industries of the benefits of individual motor drive without eliminating ail hazards. Belts, particularly those driven, at high speed, generate static electricity t'ouftesy Louis Aim Co, Benzine room in the plant of World Cleaner* 3C Dyets, Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Nine washers and eight extractor* in this room are equipped with explosion-proof motors. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 31 tors smne method of dissipating the heat generated must he provided. The totally enclosed fan-eonled mo tor has a jacket around The motor through which cooling air is circulat ed. The majority of motors used for either gaseous or dusty locations are of this type. The fan for a fan-cooled motor is of non-sparking metal, usually alumi num. The motor should he designed to draw or force the air by the most direct route. This will provide the fewest possible eddy pockets in which dust can collect. An accumulation of dust might provide a fire hazard should the windings of the motor burn up. The general construction and the strength of the motor casing are gov erned by rigid standards. These in clude a safety factor of five, based on the calculated pressure which would, he generated by an internal explosion of the gas for which the mo tor is to be labeled. The internal explosion pressure is influenced by the size and type of the shell, the free internal volume, and the nature of the gas or gas-air mixture. The joints in the motor casing or between the casing and the endshields or coil guards are also im portant. Long, close clearances of shaft openings are vital in preventing the escape of dames and these are specified to very tine limits. On these depend the safety of the motor. Class II Hazards Among the most familiar dust ex plosion hazards are those found in hour mills, starch plants, and grain elevators, although any organic dust and many mineral dusts will explode under the right conditions. Elec tricity is, of course, only one of the potential sources of disaster, but manufacturers have rendered impor tant help by providing dust-tight motors and control apparatus. The distinction between "dust proof" and "dust-tight" should be noted. Equipment designated as dust proof is built to function under dusty conditions; it will not neces sarily keep out dust. "Dust, tight," however, means that dust cannot enter any vital part of the machine. Dust-tight construction involves a solid motor shell, a solid motor end bracket, dust-tight bearings, and leads sealed to prevent the entrance of dust. Pitted joints should have clearances not exceeding .005 to .004 Courtesy Allen Bradley Co. Transverse motor driven conveyor controlled by dust*tight reversing switch mounted on column at left in the Continental Elevator of the Missouri Pacific Railroad Com pany at Kansas City. the requirements of the former are more exacting. The installation is scarcely less im portant than the construction of the motor itself. All wiring should be enclosed in rigid conduit. Rats have been known to gnaw the insulation of open motors and wiring, with the danger of fire or explosion attending an arc. Even where no flammable dusts or gases exist, protected apparatus is often economical. Totally enclosed, fan-cooled motors are often installed on machine tools to protect them from conductive or abrasive dust. This type of motor, though not gas tight, is protected to a great degree from the effects of corrosive gases. Explosion proof across-the-iine motor Matting switch, all live parts of which are immersed in an oil-filled tank. The tank is lowered, showing the 3 -pole switch, two overload magnetic relays, and terminal lugs. inch. They must exclude dust par ticles fine enough to pass through a 200 to 250 screen. In general the specifications for safety in both Class I and (.'lass II locations are much alike, although Control Apparatus The motor itself is not the only po tential hazard. Motors must be started and stopped, and sometimes regulated to higher or lower speed. Therefore, the construction of control apparatus is no less important than that of the motor. An arcing switch is a positive menace wherever flam mable gases or dusts are likely to be encountered. The safety of the operator or maintenance men may often require a positive disconnect means right at the motor instead of depending upon a remote switchboard, it is also de sirable to provide fuses with some means of disconnecting them from the line before they are removed from the circuit. This would remove the possi bility of grounds, pulling the fuse under load, and similar hazards. AUGUST, 1932 *'"{nu-tsy fiOiil* AlliH I n, Six unit heaters equipped with motors designed for operation in explosive atmospheres containing ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and toluene. One piece of apparatus which has many desirable features is a combina tion starter which consists of the reg ular starting device with a discon nect switch assembled in the same ease. The disconnect switch has a con trol interlock which causes the mag netic starring device to open as soon as the switch lever is moved. It takes the arcing from the switch blade con tacts and puts it mi the magnetic .tarter contacts which have magnetic blowouts. This safeguard is par ticularly important when a motor is stalled.' Overload relays are needed in addi tion to fuses. It is impossible to pro tect the average squirrel cage induc tion motor with a fuse which is large enough to carry the starting current, An overload relay does not function immediately in the ease of momen tary overload, as in starting, but pro vides protection in case the overload is sustained. Overload relays are usually of an average size for a given horsepower and speed and there are likely to be cases where tile heater coils are too large or too small. If slightly large, the motor is not entirely protected against singlephasing, although it probably has adequate protection against extreme momentary overloads or moderate overloads of considerable duration. Complete protection is obtainable only bv selecting the heater coils in accordance with the full load cur rent of the individual motor. This would he possible only in a large plant where the maintenance depart ment carries its own stock of heater coils. No-voltage protection is another important form of control. In many cases there is a serious hazard in per mitting the machinery to start upon the restoration of current after an rv.m teyy Allen Bradley Co. Explosion proof across-the-line motor starting switch. The cover in which the "start1* and "stop" push-buttons are mounted is open showing the 4-pole switch, overload relays and arc hood. interruption. One form of protec tion is a magnetic across-the-line contactor which opens automatically upon failure of the line voltage. Where the motor is located at some distance from the operator there should he some method of indicating whether the motor is operating or not, In most cases a push-button station with pilot light answers the purpose. Where a dust hazard exists, a dust- tight starter sealed with a felt gasket is satisfactory. The push button, limit switch, or other control device controlling this starter should also lie dust tight if installed in the same room as the starter itself. Three types of construction have been devised for gas hazards. The tirst is an ordinary air-break starter built with a dame-proof case. Gas kets are not permitted, and the cover and ease must be machined for a per fect fit. with a sufficient length of path to cool the tiame below the igni tion point before ir reaches the sur rounding atmosphere. The covers of these starters are held tight against the box by holts equipped with stand ard nuts. Thumb nuts are not al lowed as it is too easy to tamper with them. Standard nuts can be removed only with the proper tools and the starter is not likely to be opened by an unauthorized person. This starter contains the usual across-the-line sir break magnetic contactor with over load and low-voltage protection. Htart-stop-reset push buttons are pro vided in the face of the starter. The second type of construction has oil-immersed contacts with a sufficient head of oil above them to make them safe for operation in flammable gases. Care is necessary in the operation of oil immersed switches to prevent the possibility of tow level of oil or oil being diluted with water. Six inches of oil are specified by Underwriters Laboratories. Many of the older types of starters leave much to be desired from the safety standpoint because all the con tacts are not under oil. the tripping contacts being usually air-break. The third type, which is less fre quently used, is an oil immersed de vice with the added protection of length of path to quench the fame. Electrical interlocks which prevent the operation of the starter if the cabinet is open or the contacts ex posed. are supplied as standard with many starters designed for hazardous locations. The terminals of these in terlocks are connected in series with the hold-in coil of the, magnetic switch on the starter panel. When the cover is removed from dust-tight equipment or the oil tank is lowered from its normal position in nil im mersed starters, the interlock contacts are open, preventing operation of tlu; starter. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS I AUGUST, 1932 93 PROTECTIVE FOOTWEAR A New Line o$ Safety Shoes and Pacs Rich in Quality and Reasonable in Price FEATURES M-S-A SAFETY SHOE-Type No. 1--A strong, reinforced Safety Toe to protect against falling objects, Gro-cord Sole and Heel to prevent slip ping, genuine GoodyearWelt and SewedConstruc tion, Oak Tanned Leather Insole to prevent burning of feet, Orange and White Stitching, BlackLeatherUpper, NickeledEyelets and Hooks, Light in Weight, Comfortable and Graceful in Appearance. Full and Half Sizes from 6 to 12 in standard width. M-S-A SAFETY SHOE--Type No. 2--An ex ceptionally good grade of Leather with reinforced SafetyToe, ExtraHeavyOakTanned LeatherSole, Rubber Heel, GoodyearWelt and Sewed Construc tion, BlackUppers with Double and Triple Stitch ing to prevent ripping and proper balance to insure comfort--also available in Full and Half Sizes from 6 to 12 inclusive in standard width. M-S-A SAFETY PAC-A White Rubber, Insul ating Pac with Vulcanized Safety Toe Box, Waterproof and Reinforced where wear is great est. An Important feature is that the Lining is made a part of this Pac by having Rubber struck through the Fabric in process of irmufacture. Light in Weight, Comfortable and available in Full Sizes from 6 to 12 inclusive in standard width. An ideal Pac for use in Wet Mines, Ice Plants, Dairies, Abattoirs, Etc. INDIVIDUAL ORDERS ACCEPTED When Ordering for Personal Use, Please Enclose Check or Money Order and Add 10c for Postage yine Safety Appliances Co. Broddock, Thomas and Meade Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa. "EVERYTHING for MINE and INDUSTRIAL SAFETY" MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO. Braddock, Thomas and Meade Sts. PITTSBURGH, PA. You may enter order as follows: QUANTITY SIZE DESCRIPTION .......... ..... Type No. 1 ... ..... ...... Type No. 2 ...... Pac PRICE F.O.B. PGH. PA. $2.50 Pair $2.50 Pair $2.65 Pair Title Company................... ...... ........ .................... ......................................... NSN 3ft 34 Before He Has an Accident Instruct Him WO articles appeared in the TMarch issue of Public Safety, published by the National Safety Council, one entitled "If He Has Ac By ROBERT CLAIR* cidents Dismiss Him" and the other ` ` If He Drives Safely Reward Him.' ' The records of two Meets were cited to show that by each system good re sults were obtained. * Sound training is more effective than either bribery or coercion in promoting safety among commercial vehicle operators Discipline and cash bonuses are as old as the commercial vehicle accident problem itself. No one in his right senses ever honestly maintained that either plan would not produce results of some kind. But there is a third ` ` rovai road '-far better constructed and far more pleasant--called "in struction," which, if tempered with intelligent and sympathetically ap plied discipline, leads to the finest results. My contention is that both the old methods of reducing accidents are really as old fashioned as kerosene lamps. In the National Safety News of July, 1931, I stated that safe driving can be sold to eommereril vehicle drivers on its own merits without the hammer of discipline or the loliypop of a cash bonus; that it is unsound from moral, educational and eco nomic standpoints to buy safe service from our commercial drivers by means of additional cash; and that leaders in the field of safe commer cial driving are developing more care fully planned, better supervised and highly successful campaigns baaed on directional, correctional and inspira tional instruction. Since publication of this article, de esting facts in connection with this statement is that not one cent of this concern's safety investment repre sents cash bonus payments to opera tors of their hundreds of vehicles. Needless to say, the accident record of this large Meet is remarkably good. Have you ever analysed the theories behind the cash bonus? Suppose 1 should hire you to transport loads of gravel, in a wheelbarrow, a distance of 100 yards across a swampy field. At one point on your route there is a six foot trench over which you have to walk on a temporary plank bridge. You are to be one of twelve men en gaged in doing this work. The gravel which you transport loads a number of motor trucks which are in turn feeding the gravel to a given destina tion on a time schedule which can not be interrupted without interfering with the progress of an important construction job. Rewards for the Careful You go to work. Our agreement is that you are to perform your job for 45 cents an hour. On your first trip across the plank bridge you push your many accidents. You are certainly in efficient and careless. I shall increase your pay if you will do your work properly--which means safely!" Kindly note that in our imaginary employment agreement I did not specify how many wheelbarrows full of gravel you should transport in a given working day. This is an impor tant point, as it is necessary to dis tinguish the payment of a cash bonus for safe work as against a cash bonus for the completion of work above a fixed minimum. Part of the Job The performance of one's work safely and the manner of working are separate considerations, and when an employment contract is made be tween employer and employee, re gardless of the type of work to be done or the volume of work to be pro duced, one of the most important con ditions which should be clearly under stood is that he who works for a set wage must, to be worthy of his hire, work efficiently or in a careful man ner. If we should progressively extend velopments in the field of highway safety engineering have emphasized the truth of my statements, and with out attempting to repeat them in de tail, it seems timely to record a few additional arguments. At a meeting of the New York Bak ers Association, held December 9, 1931, and reported in Bakers Weekly, A. L. Brower, vice-president of Bak eries Service Corporation, said that his company has achieved a profit of over 300 per cent on its investment in safety work. One of the most inter- wheel-barrow off the planks and into the trench. On your eighth trip you run your wheelbarrow into a mudhole and become mired. These occurrences not only damage some equipment but interfere with the other barrow-push ers and also interrupt the truck deliv ery schedule. I appear on the job and discover the trouble you have been having; and say to you, "Tomorrow I shall pay you 55 cents an hour if you will be more careful." Does that sound sensible? Yet we the cash bonus theory, we would find ourselves in the ridiculous situation of paying drivers more money as their accidents increased! If a fleet operator or a highway safety engineer decides that he should institute a safe driving contest, the, first decision should be that the award will not take the form of money. Con tests get results and driver awards in such contests should be anything but cash. After all, the best prizes obtained by careful drivers are the priceless Home Office Supervisor, Enjtineerin# Depart do the same thing when we say to our rewards of confidence in their abili ment, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. truck drivers, "You are having too ties to hold their jobs, freedom from NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 35 First Aid To The Injured--Mercurochrome! A FEW drops of red prevention (Mercurochrome) will safeguard scratches, minor cuts and skin abrasions from dangerous infections and provide an effective pro phylactic treatment. Merchurochrome is for general use as an efficient antiseptic. Mercurochrome does not burn, irritate or injure tissue in open wounds. The stain shows clearly where the germicide has been applied and also fixes the bactericidal agent in the field for a relatively permanent period. We shall be glad to send a free sample of Mercurochrome in the handy applicator bottle. Use will convince you of its superior quality. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING Incorporated BALTIMORE, MARYLAND HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, Inc. Dept. S, Baltimore, Md. Gentlemen: Please tend me free Mereorechrome Applicator Bottle for personal ate. Name .................................................................................... ........... ........... Company ....... .................................................................... Address ................. .................................................................................................................. ......................... AUGUST, 19J2 36 injury to themselves, the happiness of their loved ones, and freedom from legal prosecution. These are things that money cannot buy and drivers will operate safely for these consid erations alone if they are brought to appreciate them. How About Punishment? What about the penalty plan? A penalty system assumes a policy of strict discipline that says: "If a driver is involved in an accident for which he is at all to blame--he will be fired." This means. "If you dare to make a mistake--you will be dis charged ! ' ' This indicates that management at tempts to force drivers into a mode of thought and action. Such procedure cannot build good morale and drivers will harbor resentment against it openly or secretly. A threat of dis charge often sets up in the minds of drivers a fear complex which hinders rather than promotes careful driving and sincere effort. Discharging a driver who has had an accident is costly from the stand point of labor turnover, and the re placement who is hired may be even less responsible. In the same way that a child does not learn that a stove is hot until he touches it--many drivers fail to real ise how serious an accident may be until they are involved. Therefore, the having of an accident is often one of the most effective lessons in safe driving that can be administered. This has been unquestionably proved by the remarkable accident reductions that have been, and are being made, through intensive correctional work on "accident prone" or "repeating" drivers. The existence of a sympathetic un derstanding between an operator and Ms drivers is highly desirable. Loy alty on the part of a group of drivers is an essential to any profitable busi ness. Without such things, little can be done toward accomplishing maxi mum results. A penalty system may appear to be achieving results but it is probably also sowing secret seeds of discontent and resentment. In preference to the use of either penalties or cash bonuses, modern safe driving activities are grouped under educational program divisions briefly as follows: A. Directional: These activities "direct" drivers. If we do not lay down clear and reasonable speeifica- SHOW THE SAFETY "SPIRIT OF `3S" AT WASHINGTON * OCTOBER 3-7 ------------- ----------- ------------ ------ tions for their jobs by explaining their responsibilities and what will be expected of them we cannot hope for intelligent cooperation. Directional work includes the overcoming of ig norance which drivers may have of local safety regulations plus the im parting of general knowledge con cerning how to anticipate and correct common accident hazards. All fea tures of a continuous campaign of constructive general information are included under this phase of the work. K. Correctional: Under this head ing come methods for handling driv ers after accidents. Here we find the friendly and constructive fleet safety committee functioning; studies of ac cident prone drivers being made; group and individual conferences be ing held for the purpose of drawing constructive lessons from accidents that have happened, and from the ob servance of traffic violations. An ac cident is a mistake, and it is intelli gent procedure to correct the mistakes which have led individuals into acci dents as well as to give the entire group the benefit of the errors made by a few. Flag Waving and Tear Jerking C. Inspirational: Many crimes are committed in the name of in spiration due to the fact that clear distinction are rarely made between empty ballyhoo and the real thing. It is easy to use over-emphasized "flag-waving" tactics and to paint too lurid pictures of human suffering caused by accidents. Such verbal or written propaganda is apt to be de pressing. Such appeals may give tem porary emotional stimulation but last ing effects will be questionable. The emotions must be played upon during our no-aecident campaigns but only occasionally and with discretion. We cannot expect emotional appeals to support our entire program. The sort of inspiration which we should desire to transmit to our driv ers is of the quiet kind, based on an intelligent appreciation of the facts and values of safe driving and its physicial, economic and social re wards. Much inspiration is achieved only through keen, sincere salesman ship on the part of the fleet manage ment and the man conducting the program. After ail, the best sort of inspira tion is often contracted from the en thusiasm of others. Enthusiasm is infectious. Enthusiasm overcomes ob stacles and makes yesterday's impos sibilities the realities of today. Whether you are the fleet opera tor or the highway safety engineer, if vour-safe driving program is "go ing sour" don't blame the drivers! Blame rather the methods you are using, but most important of all, look to the perspiration you are putting in to supervision! Probably the interest your drivers are showing in being careful reflects your own attitude! Even if your accident record is good or improving, study the funda mentals of your program. You will often be surprised at the further progress yet possible through im proved methods. A new era has arrived in the pre venting of commercial vehicle acci dents. Now we do not buy safety with dollars, but rather we are coming to understand our contractual obliga tions as employers, which places upon us the responsibility of making care ful operation an inherent part of our drivers' jobs on the basis of strict efficiency in consideration for the original wage agreed upon. It is prov en that high accident frequency is found among those organizations which are generally inefficiently op erated. (See "Safety and Produc tion"--Harpers. 1928: although the conclusions of this report refer to in dustrial plants, the same facts hold for fleets of commercial vehicles.) The modern fleet safety program must be backed by discipline. But this should not be arbitrary or "hard boiled"; it must be tempered by sym pathy and an intelligent conception of all sides of the problems involved. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS THE DEATH RACE IS ON! 37 Auto Fatalities Start Now for Highest Peak of the Year T'NEATH rides at the wheel during August and September. During the next sixty days motor vehicle fatalities will reach the highest peak of the year. There will be a small decline in October and November and then up once more to the second high point by the end of December*. What can be done? Will your drivers be involved? You can meet this problem as hundreds of leading organizations are doing--not only in peak months but in ALL months. It will pay dividends, too--not only in human conservation but in cold hard cash, as shown in almost unbelievable reductions in insurance and repair costs: * '1 Give each driver a copy of "Die Safe DRIVER," acknowledged as the best little safety promoter in its particular field. Sixteen pages each month, jammed full of interesting, practical, helpful material--with fun and spice, punchy cartoons and illustrations for added measure. O Use the Dash Board Safety Slogans---Fifty-two thought-compelling messages. * They are illustrated in colors and are furnished with metal holders. A weekly safety lesson that will not be forgotten! . . . and this big double sendee at a ridiculously low cost. The sure and quick way to convince you that here, at last, is just what you have been looking for is to write today for samples and quantity prices. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. 20 North Wacker Drive. Chicago, 111. AUGUST, I9i2 38 THE SAFETY EXCHANGE "A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT" The ideas presented here have proved helpful. If you have developed a useful device or method send in a description, with sketch, blueprint or photo graph, if possible MANHOLE COVER HAS RAILING THAT FOLDS UP Here is an interesting type of manhole protection, as illustrated in the 1930 edi tion of the German publication issued by the Association of Pounders and Bolling Mills, Note that while of stout and sub stantial construction, the railing is still arranged to operate automatically as the manhole is opened or closed. Thus the opening is protected on ail four sides. BETTER HAND BUGGIES CAN BE DESIGNED One member of the Chemical Section of the Council, writing in the section NewtLetter, says that they use a great many hand buggies (small carts) containing fer tilizer, which are pulled by the men. A number of heel case injuries developed through the men striking their heel* against the straight legs of the buggies. These injuries were aggravated by re peated knocks, became sore, and some times led to infectionT To overcome the difficulty the legs on ail the buggies were changed, as indicated in the accompanying drawings. The new straight legs were made to slant at an angle toward the wheels, instead of running straight down. The old type measured 24 inches between the legs at the bottom, while the new space is now 38 inches; and the old heel cases have disappeared. Mich., was anxious to maintain its line safety record of no accidents during 1932 as well as throughout 1931. A bulletin board was designed containing 170 little bags of beans, with the name of a worker and his badge number on each bag. Above was the legend, "Don't spill the beans." As yet, it hasn't been necessary to slit a hoie in any bag, indicating that a cer tain individual was guilty of breaking the accident record. Two other items of in terest are also displayed on the bulletin board--to the left, a pay check cut in two, and to the right an accumulation of bills--both of which usually accompany a lost-time accident. CASE FOR CARRYING SAWS OR CIRCULAR KNIVES In the twine mill of the International Harvester Company it is necessary for the operator to carry circular knives through the plant which are used on twine ma chines. The difficulty was solved by de vising this shallow box, open only at the top and supplied with two well-secured strap handles, which provided protection both for the operator and the employees among whom he had to make his way. The box can also be used for carrying circular saws or any large sharp round instrument. OLD TYPE SAFE STORAGE OF SMALL IRON AT THE QUARRY This picture showB & carefully built storage rack for rod and strip iron at the plant of the Connecticut Quarries Com pany. The corner uprights are 6x6 inches in size, and heavy 2-inch rods run through the upright posts, extending from side to aide, on which atrip iron and small rods rest in compartments. A corrugated roof covers the rack. A platform at the front, half way up, affords convenient and safe footing in handling the stored materials. NOVEL SAFETY CONTEST IDEA THAT HOLDS INTEREST One department in the plant of the Hayes Body Corporation, Grand Bapids, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS THIS WAX FIGURE DEMONSTRATES GOGGLE WEARING , toggle* are at times worn with con siderable diaeomfort. There is, however, usually little need for this, as it is gcnerally possible Jo adjust them so that they wiH tit properly. In fart, ail goggles should be examined for eomfortable tit when issued to the worker and adjustment made whenever necessary. The accompany 39 ing picture illustrates graphically how one member of the council has used a wax figure to demonstrate several important adjustments. SAFETY LADDER FOR ACCESS TO BOILER FURNACE An improvement in the method of en tering the furnaces of large boilers for repair work has been devised by W. E. Mailery, Saginaw River steam plant of the Consumers Power Company, Jackson, Michigan. This drawing, from the Au Sable New*, shows a short iron ladder hung in the furnace door and let down inside, being braced against the front wail. It affords a firm footing and makes it no longer necessary for a man to drop into the clinker pit. The ladder also af fords an easy way of exit. All this assists greatly in avoiding strains and sprains. GUARD FOR STEM OF A LARGE GATE VALVE As the stem projecting from this large gate is in the plant of the Carter Oil Com pany, Tulsa. Okla., extended so far and was at about the height that would let it strike a man in the abdomen if he should bump into it, a stout railing was erected around the gate, as shown in the photograph. HERE IS AN ADJUSTABLE BRIDGE FOR LOADING OARS Here is a unique loading bridge which is adjustable to the extent of eight inches "-"Sufficient for most situations. The bridge consists of live pieces of tf-iuch 8.2 pound channel iron 68 inches long. These are tilled with 114 inch hemlock and hum? under two pieces of 4-inch 7.25 pound channel iron 48 inches lone. The ends of the 4-inch channel iron rest <m the plat form anti the door of the car which gives a working surface flush with both plat form and Hoor. In order to allow for variations in distance between platform and door, the 4-inch channel irons are slotted so that the bolts holding the two outer 6-inch channels on each side may be loosened and the position changed sufficiently to till the space to be covered. The bolts holding the tioor pieces of the bridge to the cross channel are % inch by 5 inches long. The bridge in question cot $13, weighs about 325 pounds, and was devised by the Union Carbide Com pany, New York City. &uee PLATE VIEW FPQH IMtlPr AUGUST, 1932 PLATFORM AND RAILING OVER THE CLASSIFIER In this picture showing a platform and railing over the classifier we see one more of the many ways in which the Homestake Mining Company, at Lead, S. D., provides for the safety of its employees. The plat form gives access to the grease cups for filling and adjustment and provides a con venient cross-over which saves time. 40 The Bulletin Board Conducted by STAN KERSHAW A page devoted to the problems of the men who maintain the show windows of the safety movement A Patriotic Duty IF you ever have an opportunity to * sit with a forest, ranger atop the world in one of those little lookout houses, don't turn it down. It will give you a new viewpoint on one of the country's most serious problems-- the prevention of forest tires. From this sun tanned son of the Soil you will most likely get a story about, the carelessness of hunters, campers, and picnickers that will make you fed a flush of shame to think that the people who are re sponsible for the vast yearly toll of destruction and waste are, for the most part of your own race. Yet, it is safe to sav that they do not do it inten tionally. E'erhaps it's carelessness or thoughtlessness or even just plain ignorance. Whatever it may be, it continues as a growing menace to the welfare of our nation and demands both individual and collective effort to put a stop to it. individually one can be careful about what he does when in the woods which is a great help, but the great problem is to get this same idea be fore the masses in such a way that they will realize its importance. f ine way to make progress is to give wide publicity to the poster illus trated in miniature on this page. It is suitable for posting in schools, rail road stations, public and private `amps, hotels, cross country buses, and other public places and it makes a line mailing piece to enclose with general correspondence. Not only should every oue take an active interest individually, but the strength of ail prominent citizens, in dustrial organizations and business establishments who have any direct connection with the problem should be thrown into the light. This includes such industries and business establish ments as the following: All wood- when talking about posters. The question is--is there a saturation point in the usefulness of a poster'1 A poster is useful only in propor tion to the number of people who actually absorb its message and re act in a positive way. From a purely practical standpoint, the plant safety man has probably discovered the normal saturation point of a poster when he has dis played it in such ways that all of the company employees have had an op portunity to absorb the message. How ever. in order to get this result it has probably been necessary to post copies in several different places and to leave them posted long enough to give every employee an opportunity to see it. But is this all? Fan it be used to further advantage ? 2877 9x12 inches I unit working and logging companies, paper and pulp mills, paper box board manufacturers, railroads, telephone and telegraph companies, electric power companies, naval stores com panies, farm machinery manufac turers, wnstruetioa companies doing, work in wooded areas, sporting goods manufacturers and dealers, and a host of others. An extra supply of the poster has been printed in anticipation of a greater demand this year and it is recommended strongly that its use as a mailing piece be extended for the simple reason that so many persons are migrating by auto to the wooded areas that need to be protected against matches, camp fires, cigaret and cigar butts and other iiame-prociucing objects. Reaching Out with Posters THE `'saturation point" which is so * often spoken of when the possible market, for automobiles is discussed is a. term that might well be used Take for example the ease of the safety man who thought lie saw an opportunity to reach some of the workers while off duty by persuading the grocer in the community near the plant to let him install a bulletin board in the store. Did the grocer object? Not a bit! He immediately saw the possibility of a closer tie-up with the business because of his near ness to the plant. Did the safety man get results.' You bet he did. Not only did he get the poster messages before the workers at odd times, but he also reached their families and soon had safety a topic of discussion at many a supper table and evening fireside. Consider the practical side of the small investment necessary to furnish the local drug store, pool parlor, hard ware store, schools, clubs and perhaps some of the churches with bulletin hoards and a weekly poster service. If safety work is three-quarters in struction or education, whichever you prefer to ail it, how would it h.. possible to make a- few dollars work any harder for the good of the cause: NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS WHEN BACKING BE EXTRA CAREFUL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL CUTS AND SCRATCHES MAY TAKE YOUR LIFE IF JT ATTENDEDTO PROMPTI AND PROPERLY NATIONAL COUNCIL NATIONAL. 'S A # l T Y C O W N C. t SAFETY LESSONS FROM NATURE *&?!**'' \^Z~'xLtZfZA . FS- rst\ i rfjt '>r'*'Z'^'?*'} , fU ^ C ryr: 1. Xh*~- . \ NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL NO MATTER HOW SMALL THE INJURY * IT MUST ' KEEP YOUR MIND ON YOUR WORK NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL XtUTW: .E.DLIMIY NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL sp:.|iia5.'l^''jttst:T a'barTrik-.>;lookni, lean dote careless lands and feet is aabodgs business* NATIONAL s A P t t y council SLIPS A,, DOCO|lNT. \{f|" JPUeWMcT*PtAt'MMAirLM*U/iS,Yto;ldM--ipo"*<W..,)"* %?*-vssr) PIpf*i '^o*WutI--6-MTVT/*-jo*a*/ f ^ _T--__ / "1 j| p m I ||p S | ^ (/VluBw_WnVPWtB!WUWR.*VMMOMUWWMK.IA0TK**'r**t.<t(JAcXUMTTS*'WTY'HMM,-/'H/t-\*1 p ijqi, ---'X J / * > " v- ------ m --M* illj.OAg^ NATIONAL S DO N T DREAM IT-- PRACTICE IT NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL tf&U CAN BETOO THIN Hou CAN BE TO O FAT tf&U CAN BE TOO RICH DANCER fbu CAN BE TOO POOR RUTYOl CANT BE. TOO CAREFUL NATIONAL S A F 6 T Y COUNCIL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL NATIONAL i AFtT Y COUNCIL ALWAYS CAUTION IS NEEDED AT CURVES 1 ilJliN took toseethat thesnapisprop-, erljr fastened to the D*tiii(. Tour life depends on it Dob*': trusttohearing thekeeperdick. EXPERIENCE OF OTHERS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 48 Presentation of the Harriman medala to railroads which have made outstanding records in accident prevention. Left to right: A. A. Hopkins, director, American Museum of Safety; P. E. Crowley, chairman of the board. New York Central Lines; James Speyer, treasurer, American Museum of Safety; R. H, Atshton, president, American Railway Association; G, H. Sido, general manager, Ann Arbor Railroad: Arthur Williams, president, American Museum of Safety; G. B. Vilas, general manager, Chicago & North Western Railway; Robert Winthrop, assistant secretary, Green Bay Si Western Railroad. Harriman Medals Awarded for both fatal and non-fata! railway aeei. dents since the museum began to award the Harriman medals in 1923. There were 40 passenger fatalities in train and train service accidents in 1931 as compared with 50 in 1930 ancj 200 in 1922. Passenger injuries during 1931 numbered 2,102 compared with 2,665 in 1930 and 6.153 in 1922, Fatalities and injuries to employees were also fewer in 1931 than in ampreceding year. Fatal accidents num bered 644 in 1931 compared with 935 in 1930 and 1,657 in 1922, Employees injured during 1931 numbered 22.. 954 compared with 35,325 in 1930 and 117.197 in 1922. In addition to the medals awarded the railroads, a certificate of special commendation was presented to R. El. Aishton, president of the American Railway Association, and chairman of the Executive Committee, Association of Railway Executives, for his efforts during more than 50 years in promot ing railway operating safety. Railroad Safety Records What's the Next Move? (Continued from page 29) HE Harriman Memorial Gold The bronze medal, for railroads TMedal, awarded in memory of the operating less than one million miles, late E. H. Harriman annually to was awarded to the Green Bay & the railroad .system having the beWst estern Railroad, which has a dear safety record, has been given to the record of no passengers and no em Chicago & North Western Railway ployee fatalities in both 1930 and for its record during 1931. The 1931, and with but one employee in presentation was made under auspices jured in 1931. of the American Museum of Safety, The year 1931 was the freest of donors of the medal, Arthur.Williams, president of the museum and chair man of the Harriman Committee of Award, presiding. Thirty-seven railroads, each oper ating more than ten million miles dur ing 1931, competed for the medal. The winning railroad operated 690,- 29*1,000 passenger miles without a passenger fatality in train or train service accidents. Employee fatali ties also were reduced from 14 in 1930 to six in 1931, a rate of 1.58 per mil lion man-hours worked. This is the lowest level ever achieved among the Certificate of Special Comwemution UMRtftt M Richard Henry Aishton fa fit swf< (tftfi vmwb a! aut KJpMton * ProneHant of (gln railroads of Group A class. The silver medal award, presented under the same auspices at the same time, was won by the Ann Arbor Railroad, with a record of no fatalities either to passengers or employees and with only three employees injured in accidents during 1931. Sixtv-seven railroads, each operating between one million and ten million loemnotivemiles, competed for this medal. Certificate awarded to R, H. Aiahton, president of the American Railway Association, for his efforts on behalf of railroad safety. hesitate to put up posters, even if they don't apply to the work done in the departments where you post them. For instance, I often put up in our machine shop posters about electric railways, paper mills, cement plants, etc., and they create a lot of interest. Some fellows have come to us from other industries and they like to see pictures that make them think of "home." Then too, the general les sons can often be adapted in our own plant. Say, Bill, have you thought about asking your boss to let you go to the Safety Congress in Washington the rirst week in October? You've never attended any of these big annual meetings, so you won't know what you're missing if you don't go. I haven't missed one for the past seven teen years and I'm not going to start passing them up now--even if i have to argue myself blue in the face. It won't be long before the congress programs are out. Then I ean make a schedule of the subjects 1 want to bear discussed. That's the thing HI use in getting my chief to OK my trip. I'm sending you a copy of my last year's schedule so you can see what it looks like and so you can do the same this year, if you want to. So long, SHORTY. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Is Your Plant Fire-Safe? By 1 A. VOSS'" IRES .-an he prevented. Hut the Fire Prevention is largely a process of checking up on Ftire waste problem can ,mly |>e solved by eaeli individual plant or industry making a study of what con housekeeping, organization, and extinguishing equipment stitutes its fire hazards anti removing speotion for good housekeeping and a more important stations. The plan of these so far as possible from the up thereafter one of the most im organization should aim to stimulate premises. portant factors in the industrial fire the development of interest on the Fire recognizes only a high stan prevention program. part of all employees by giving to dard of property maintenance. We The outstanding preventive meas each one an active part tn perform all know that .some properties main ures in industry may lie summarized in the tire drills. These drills should tain very high standards of upkeep, as follows: be held regularly. while others are slip-shod and indif ferent in this res-pect. ft is evident, then, that in any large organization someone must make it his business to set the necessary high standards and follow through to maintain them. Fire prevention is very largely a process of cheeking up, and the man in charge of this work must recognize his responsibilities. To safeguard the plant there are three lines of fire de fense : !, On not allow tires to start, g. Minimize romhustible material ami construction, sn that tires cannot spread. 3. Prepare tn extinguish tires by proper organization ami equipment. It is dangerous to rely solely upon the third line of defense, but this is wliat most of us are doing. Fire can not be driven back from our front line trenches, and be kept back, unless we strengthen and maintain all three I i nes. No one cause leads to more fires than poor housekeeping. The ac cumulation of combustible refuse, such as rags, waste, excelsior and shavings, creates a very serious fire hazard. All such materials should be removed each day from the workroom and deposited in receptacles provided for that purpose. Self-closing metal containers or waste cans in which to place oil-soaked waste and rags should he placed at convenient points about the workroom, and at the end of each day the contents should be safely dis posed of. I consider a monthly systematic in- Director of Safety, Kenuhlfe Steel Corporanon, Vounsstown, Ohio, t Abstract M a paper read before the Eleventh Annual Midwest h-.irVty <,-nferenee.} 1. Waste and rags should he kept iu gravity cloning containers, 2. Roofs should be kept free from com bustible material. a. Packing material should be properly stored. 4, Rubbish burning should be done in suitable enclosure#,, o. Lockers should be provided ('metal preferred). Do uut allow employees to put combustible material in lock ers. Make periodical inspection of all lockers. d. Switches, circuits, motors, generators, portable aud pendant cords, tempor ary wiring, incandescent lamps, trans formers, oil swirehe# and lightning arresters should be installed in ac cordance with regulations of the Na tional Board of Fire Underwriters. 7. Defective dues, exposed woodwork, araoke pipes, overheated atoves. forges, furnaces and torches must be properly protected. 8. Prohibit smoking where there is any danger of tire. Matters of Importance Tn addition, the construction of buildings subdivision of fire areas within buildings, external exposures and their reduction, installation of electrical equipment, heating and power equipment, fire fighting equip ment from extinguishers to sprinkler systems, and fire prevention educa tion. are ail matters of viral im portance to the fire prevention man. .Most of these are well covered in publications of the National Fire Pro tection Association of the National Board of Fire Underwriters. All buildings should be supplied with ample fire righting apparatus, consisting of sand pails, large and small hand extinguishers. A complete fire alarm system should also he in stalled. Volunteer tire righting units should be organized at the larger and The Plant Fire Brigade t 'onsiderable thought should also be given to the probability of fires due to so-called static, dynamic currents and lightning. This should be con sidered as part of the building pro gram. Grounding devices should be installed at all loading platforms and all service stations. Another important factor in deal ing with any tire is the plant fire brigade. No matter how small the plant or station, the men who may be called upon to fight tires should be trained in what to do iu any emer gency and how to do it. Where the plant is of sufficient size, a definite military organization should be formed, headed by a chief of strong personality, and a swift and clear thinker. His assistant and battalion chiefs should be of the same general caliber, fully able to assume charge if necessary. The brigade should be organized, drilled and maintained with the basic idea that fires should be controlled as quickly after their start as possible. The man nearest the fire should give the alarm immediately and the local captain in the area should take instant 'barge. He should get the men busy on the fire with local emergency equipment, make sure the alarm lias been turned in, and delegate men previously selected to begin- salvage work. Drills should be held once a month during normal work periods, their lo cation being changed each time so that the men will become familiar with all parts and conditions of the plant. The handling of apparatus should be thorough and approximate AUGUST, 1952 .iO actual tire conditions. As a rule, water should be turned on for all practice work, except in freezing weather. The drill should include the operation of portable apparatus, hose connections with hydrants, unreeling and stretch ing hose without kinks, coupling and uncoupling, carrying hose up ladders, over roofs and through buildings to reach out-of-the-way places, includ ing basements. Training in Resuscitation Certain men should be assigned to the duty of shutting off fuel oil and gas mains in ease nf emergency. As many as possible should be instructed in the prone pressure method of resuscitation. In our plant nothing is considered more serious than an interruption of work on account of lire. Our tire pre vention work has therefore been ex tended continuously during the last five years. In our Massillon plant we have an auto call fire alarm system with alarm boxes placed in series in each division, so that the tirst num ber of the box gives a signal of the division or plant as well as the loca tion of the tire. We also have volun teer fire brigades, with captains and lieutenants over each company at each division. The central fire station is in charge of a tire chief with three as sistants. Our equipment consists of a tire truck carrying 5(X) feet of hose, two chemical tanks with 200 feet of chemical hose and one foam generator. Standard tire hydrants are located in all divisions. Portable soda and acid chemical engines, hose coils, portable foamite engines, automatic foam en gines and smaller extinguishers are placed about the plant wherever necessary. All this equipment is in spected regularly. Automatic foam extinguishers have shown their value by quickly ex tinguishing fires in dip tanks and thus preventing their spread. Foam ex tinguishers are needed over tanks con taining iiazardous liquids thinned with naphtha and similar solvents. Automatic foamite sprinklers protect the building and prevent the spread of dip tank tires. A general clean-up system was in augurated in our plant a few years ago which has been followed up monthly, and this has been an im portant factor in reducing our fires and fire hazards. The success of fire prevention meas ures is reflected directly in lower rates of insurance, which are not a matter of guess work, but are based upon the loss record over a period of time. As the efforts in fire prevention show favorable results in the reduction of losses, the insurance cost is decreased in proportion. A few' years ago our company or ganized a fire protection department to obtain an accurate understanding of the conditions existing in and about each plant property. An original survey was made of every building, tank, still, agitator, loading rack, etc. All the details of construction, oc cupancy, internal and external ex posures. fire hazards and fire protec tion were considered. As a result of these surveys, detailed recommenda tions for the improvement of unsatis factory conditions were made and submitted to the operating manage ment, with a follow-through to a "yes or no" decision. Since that time, re-inspeetions have been made of each structure covered in the original survey, at periods vary ing from three to twelve months, to detect new hazards and to cheek up on the old ones. This department has aiso collaborated with the engineering and purchasing departments in the development of proper designs and specifications for fire protection ma terials and installations. Study Fire Reports Reports of fires, no matter how small, occurring on our own proper ties are collected and analyzed. In formation and any lessons obtained through a study of these reports which may be of value are distributed to those who may be interested. Edu cational work is carried on by means of bulletin boards, direct contact, and through the mails. Outside fires are investigated when they appear to have special interest, and the lessons learned are likewise applied under our own conditions. It is too soon to forecast what will be the ultimate saving to our com pany through this work. It may be said, however, that with the removal of many fire causes, the improvement of structural fire-resistive conditions and fire-fighting facilities, and with the keen interest in fire prevention which has been aroused in our operat ing personnel, our chances of severe loss from tire have been considerably reduced and they should continue to grow less as the work advances. Everyone interested in reducing fire losses should realize the con tinuous need of more education in firp prevention, and should impress upon every employee that fire destruction is the concern not alone of insurance companies, but equally of the indus trial company, the plant management and every industrial worker. Companies Awarded Holmes Honor Certificates WITH impressive ceremonies the Dehue '' mine of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Dehue, West Virginia, was pre sented with the honor certificate of the Joseph A. Holmes Safety Association on May 24, The award was expressly made for operating one year without a lost-time accident, but 500 safe-working days had elapsed on the date of presentation, and the record is still continuing. The presentation of the award for the Joseph A. Holmes Safety Association was made by George W. droves, assistant su pervising engineer of the 1J. 8. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. R. M. Lambie, Chief of the West Virginia Department of Mines, Charleston, W. Va., delivered the principal address. Others who took part in the program included C. McDonald Eng land, of Logan, W. Va,, chairman; Judge Naaman Jackson, of the Logan Circuit Court: E. B, Agee, superintendent of the Dehue mines; and N. K. Muir, In charge of the H. S. Bureau of Mines ear sta tioned at Logan. THE Hillsboro plant of the Eagle-Picher Lead Company, Hillsboro, Illinois, was presented with the Honor Certificate of the Joseph A. Holmes Safety Association on June 10. At 7 a. m. on the morning of the celebration this plant had completed a three-year period, or 1,098 days, without a lost-time aeeident, and the record was still unbroken at last report. The specific record for which the cer tificate was awarded, however, was for operating "without a fatality or perma nent total disability from 1925 through 1931, with 2,534,500 man-hours of work for its average of 124 employees." The pres entation of the Honor Certificate was made by Alex. Miller, superintendent, U. 8. Bureau of Mines. CELEBRATING a period of safe opera tion through 14 months without a lost time accident, the 140 employees of the Alloy, West Virginia, coal mine of the Electro Metallurgical Company, were also presented on June 12 with the Honor Cer tifies re of the Joseph A. Holmes Safety Association and with a bronze plaque by F. P. Cormiey, president nf the company. The record of no lost-time accidents was based on the first year of operations, from March 14, 1931, to March 13, 1932, but the actual record is still unbroken, in the period of 343,778 man-hours, 129,153 net tons of coal were loaded and 92,998 net tons of slate were disposed of. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 51 Seventy-Three Life Saver* Win President's Medal I.JRIXG the first half of 1932 John E. Cadigan, clerk, United Electric D The President's Medal of the Light & Power do., New York City. Illu minating gas. Xational Safety Council was Joseph A. Caggiano, splicer, United awarded to 73 persons for succesEsfleucl tric Light & Power Co., New York application of the prone pressCuirtye. Illuminating gas. method of resuscitation and two Bars also were awarded for second resusci tations by the same individual. Thus 7.3 lives were saved. Henry George Caron, assistant substa tion operator. New Fork Edison do., New York City. Illuminating gas. Joseph P. Devlin, splicer, New York Edison Co.. New York City. Illuminating In addition, 13 persons were gas. awarded Certificates for valuable as sistance in some of the eases of resus citation. This brings the total number of Stanley Gregorovitch, meter tester, New York Edison Co., New York ditv. Illu minating gas. George Gunther, collector. Brooklyn Union Gas Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Smoke. medals awarded since establishment Leslie H. Head, timekeeper, United of The President's Medal in Septem ber, 1928, to 416, and of bars to 13, a grand total of 429 successful prone pressure resuscitation eases suitably Electric Light & Power Co., New York City. Illuminating gas. William Thomas Jacoutot, timekeeper, New York Edison Company, New York City. Illuminating gas. recognized by the Council. William F. Jessup, splicer, United Elec The President's Medal is bestowed tric Light & Power do.. New York City. by the National Safety Council for application of the Schafer method in cases of suspended respiration due to gas asphyxiation, electric shock, drowning, or any other accidental Illuminating gas. Thomas J. Kearns, truck chauffeur, New York Edison Company, New York City. Smoke and fumes. P, Hoy Keller, wire chief, New York Telephone Company, New York City. cause of prolonged suspension of nat Drowning. ural breathing. Any person ten years of age or older is eligible for the medal, excepting those qualifying for the Insull, McCarter or other award for resuscitation. Joseph Kriz, draftsman. Western Elec tric Co., New York City. Illuminating gas. William Law, boy scout, New Rochelle, N. Y. Carbon Monoxide. Louis E. Lnft, collector, United Elec All applications are most carefully tric Light & Power Co., New York City. reviewed by the Medal Administration Committee of the Council, and if ap proved the individual is presented not only with the handsome bronze medal but also with a certificate signed by Illuminating gas. Patrick J. Mannion, ash handier fore man, United Electric Light & Power Co., New York City. Illuminating gas. James P. Martin, splicer's helper. United Electric Light & Power Co., New York the president of the Xational Safety City. Fumes from manhole. (Medal and Council, describing the accident and the service rendered. Additional cer tificates are awarded to those who, iu the opinion of the committee, have rendered sufficient assistance in the bar.) Marvin E. Murrell, cable inspector, United Electric Light & Power Co., New York City. Illuminating gas. John J. McHugh, change of consumer man, United Electrie Light & Power Co., resuscitation to merit recognition. New York Oitv. Illuminating gas. The awards from January 1 to June 30, in the order of their presen tation. are as follows: Laurence A. Hoffeditz, clerk, Bashid Bros., Victoria, 111. Electric shock. Hugo 0. Albert, splicer's helper. United Electric Light & Power Co., New Fork City. Gas asphyxiation. Charles Beauchamp, Jr,, millwright ap prentice, Western Electric Go., Kearny, N. J. Drowning. George Bohler, splicer, United Electric Light &- Power Go,, New York City. Gas fumes from manhole. Arthur B. Nicholson, splicer's helper, United Electric Light & Power Co.. New York City. Illuminating gas. Frank J. Ryan, clerk, New York Edison Company, New York City. Naphtha fumes. Joseph N. XHsen, splicer's helper. New York Telephone Co., New York City. Fumes from manhole. Cornelius F, Savage, chief switchman, New York Telephone Co., New York City. Drowning. William Schaefer, splicer's helper, New York Edison Company, New Fork City. Illuminating gas. Bichard A. Brown, clerk. New York Guy Ashmun Sherman, auto mechanic, Edison Co., New York City. Illuminating Now Fork Edison Company. New York gas. City. Drowning. Gregory L, Speck, clerk, New York & Nhieens Electrie Light & Power Co., New York City. Carbon monoxide. Harry Weinstein, patrolman. Police De partment. Brooklyn, X. Y. Illuminating gas. Thomas C. Wisker (bar), assistant col lector, New Fork Edison Company, New York City. Illuminating gas. Robert Douglas, gulf caddy, Springfield, Mass. Drowning. Edward MeUroarty, lineman, Duquesne Light Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Smoke. Frank T, Powell, lineman, Duquesne Light Co,. Pittsburgh, Pa. Smoke. John C. Schofield, street lamp cleaner, Duquesne Light Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Drowning. Bichard Siegel, boy scout, Washington Water Power Co., Spokane, Wash. Elec trie shock. Walter F. Hague, cable tester, Bell Tele phone < *o. of Pa., Philadelphia, Pa. Elec tric shock. C, G. McClure, foreman, Illinois North ern Utilities Co., Dixon, 111. Illuminating gas. John Zavalydriga, foreman, Equitable Gas >'u,, Pittsburgh, Pa. Drowning. Leo Lucei, student, Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Allentown, Pa. Drowning. V, C, Grant, line patrolman, Northern B. (.'. Power Co,, Ltd., Prince Rupert, B. 0. Drowning. Jack Chance, line foreman, Kansas Power Oo,, isalina, Kansas. Auto wreck. Melvin E. Mitchell, janitor, Bell Tele phone Co. of Pa., Altoona, Pa. Whooping cough. Harry A. Reese, turbine oiler, Ohio Edi son do., Toronto, Ohio. Drowning. J, S. Findley, personnel manager, John Morrell & Co., Sioux Falls, S. D. Electric shock, John V. Denny, deteetive. Police Dept., Plainfield, N. J. Illuminating gas. John M, Evans, lineman, Bell Telephone Co. of Pa., Williamsport, Pa. Drowning. John Malone, police officer. Police Dept., Elizabeth, X. J. Illuminating gas. Frank Schmidt, police officer. Police Dept., Roselle Park, N. J. Illuminating gas. Edward Kelly, operator, Continental Oil Co., Baltimore, Maryland. Gasoline fumes, (jlen D. Barrett, gas shop foreman, Peo ples Power Co., Moline, III. Carbon mon oxide. Ernest H. Martin, line walker, Empire Companies. Bartlesville. Okla. Electric shock, t.tleo Ohamness, cuke yard foreman, Shell Petroleum Oorp., Wood River, ill. Drown ing. Lee Mcllwaine, laborer. Gulf .Refining Do., Kittanning, Pa. Drowning. Leslie L Mannering, boy scout, Donna, Texas, Electric shock. Alton G, Witten, route foreman ice dept.. Central Power & Light Co.. Corpus Christ!, Texas. Drowning. Aaron B. Davidson, asst, mine foreman, DeB&rdeleben Coal Co., Birmingham, Ala. Electric shock. Murray L. Fitzsimmons, line foreman. Northern Indiana Power Co., Kokomo. Ind. Illuminating gas. K. J. Conrad, line foreman. Ohio Elec- AUGUST, 1932 trie Puwer <.`u,, Sidney, Ohio. Garbon monoxide. L. A. Meyer, meferman, Ohio Electric Power <>., Sidney, Ohio. t'arhnn nmaoxide. Hoy Wien!, service man, Ohio Electric Power <'o.t Sidney, Ohio. Carbon, raon*xide. Peter Pereili, water jjas operator, West ern I'nlted Gas & Electric gMi, Aurora, III. Garfoon monoxide. Paul s, Bennett, manufacturing dept., Western Electric Go., Baltimore, Mil, <'*arbon monoxide. W. VVrnon Huston, meterman, Kansas Electric Power <'.. Lawrence, Kansas. <`ar`hon monoxide. Alexander McAllister, shot firer, Gentrui Goal He <*oke Go., Pittsburgh, Kansas. Elec tric shock. Dr. Murray Maxwell, dentist. Roslvn, L, r,, X. V. Drowning. dames J. Geagan, conduit worker, New England Telephone & Telegraph Co., Bos ton, Mass. Drowning. William A. Miller, foreman, New Eng land Telephone & Telegraph Co., Boston, Mass. Drowning. Francis Regan, cable splicer's helper, New England Telephone & Telegraph Co.t Boston, Mass. Drowning. William V*. Brumfield, truck driver. Pub lic. Service Go, of ind., Indianapolis, Ind, Black damp in mine shaft. Robert P. Hunt, Jr., student, Burr & Burton Seminary, Aiancht-stor, St. Drown ing. Trho Hokkanen, ebute-trammer. Oliver Iron Mining Do.. Duluth, Minn. Electric shock. Ralph J. Brett, lineman, Electric Light & Power Co.. N'orth Abington, Mass. Smoke. Coming Events Associations featuring safety in their programs are invited to send dates of meetings Sept. 26-30. Swampscott, Mass. Illuminating Engineering Society. An nual Convention. E, H. Hobble, general secretary, 20 West 30th Street, Xew York City. Oct. 3-7, Washington, D. C. National Safkty Council, Twenty-lirat Annual Safety Congress. W. H. Cameron, managing director, National Safety Coun cil, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago. Oct. 10-14, Atlantic City, N. J. American Gas Association, Annual Con vention. Alexander Forward, managing director, 420 Lexington Ave., New Cork City. Oct. 24-27, Washington, D. C. American Public Health Association, 61t Annual Meetings. Dr. Kendall Emer son, American Public Health Association, 450 Seventh Ave,, New York City. Nov, 3-4, Winston-Salem, N. O. Third Annual State-wide Industrial Safety Conference. E. G, Padgett, direc tor of safety, North Carolina Industrial Commission, Ealeigh, N, C. Announce Winners in National Safety Competition HE winners in the National Safe should have been won by a mine whose Tty Competition for 1.931 among record was free of lost-time accidents. mines and quarries have been an The year 1931 was a distinctive year nounced by the C. S. Bureau oinf i he coal-mining industry in the Mines. The contest is the largest ever I'nited States. The industry made an held, mines and quarries being all-time record by mining coal with a entered from :?4 states, and the wide -.mailer loss of life per million tons success ut` many units in accident pre than ever before: and as far as can h vention is notable, following are the judged from employment records that leaders in their respective mine are not yet complete, it also estab groups: lished one of the most favorable fa Anthracite coal mine group: Highland \'o. 2 mme, Jcddo- Highland Company, Jtddo, Penn. Record is 229,560 man-hours tality rates per thousand employees that has been recorded during the past quarter of a century. with 15 accidents. In addition to the four winning Bituminous coal mine group: Dawson companies whose records for the con No. 1 mine, dtag Faiioti Branch, Phelps.Dodge Corporation, Dawson, New Mexico. Record is 117,titSl man-hours and no acci dents. Non-metallic mine, group: Retsof Alining Company, Retsof, Xew York. Record of 554,172 man-hours and no accidents. Metal mine group: Harold- Iron Ore Aline, Hanna Ore Alining Company, Car- test year were free of lost-time acci dents, 64 other plants out of the total enrollment of 350 were operated with out an accident that caused loss of time to an employee. Most of these no-accident plants were quarries, but among the number were nine open-eut iron ore mines, one under-ground salt sou Lake, Minnesota, Record is 196,315 man-hours and no accidents. Quarry and open-pit mine group: Alahoning Open Cut iron Aline, Mahoning Ore i Steel Company, Hibbing, Minnesota. Record is 83y,?22 man-hours and no acci dents. To each of these winning mines will be presented with suitable ceremonies the bronze trophy known as the "Sen tinels of Safety.'' which is awarded annually by The Explosives Engineer magazine. In addition to the live principal awards, honorable mention was given to 79 other mines and quar ries whose records in accident preven tion are commendable. Undoubtedly the outstanding fea mine, an underground gypsum mine, an underground iron-ore mine, and ail underground bituminous coal mine. The National Safety Competition is an annual event conducted by the Bureau of Alines. Enrollment covers mines that employ 50 men under ground, and quarries and open-cut mines that employ not less than 25 men in the pit. Companies become ineligible if the number of employees falls below the minimum stated, or if the period of operation is less than 150 days. While the contest rules are specific us to method of grading the contest ants, they also provide that the rec ords shall be submitted to a commit ture of the National Safety Competi tee of award for examination and re tion of 1931 was the success of the view. The seven committee members Phelps-Dodge Corporation, Stag are as follows: Dr. Thomas T. Read, i 'anon Branch, in operating its bitu professor of mining engineering, Co minous coal mine at Dawson, New lumbia University. Xew York *ity: Mexico, without a lost-time accident William Oreen. president. American throughout the year. It is the first Federation of Labor, Washington: W. time since the contest was originated II. Cameron, managing director, Na seven years ago that a bituminous coal tional Safety Council. Inc.. Chicago; mine has operated without a lost-time James F. Callbreath, secretary, Amer accident during the 12-month contest ican Alining Congress. Washington; period. Many mines have almost C, B. Huntress, executive secretary. achieved this goal, failing short of a National Coal Association, Washing perfect score by only one or two or ton; A. T. Goldbeck, director of bu three accidents, perhaps, but none has reau of engineering, National Crushed ever been entirely successful until Stone Association, Washington: A. J. now. 11. Curtis, assistant to the general It is peculiarly fitting that the manager, Portland Cement Associa trophy for the bituminous coal mines tion, Chicago. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 53 He may be downtown at the office or a hundred miles away . . . yet that happy, eager voice wings across the wires, straight into his heart. It summons up a sudden, tender warmth. It sweeps away cares and worries. It brings sure, comforting knowledge that all is well at home. Only a small voice, speaking into a tele phone. But it can create a moment that colors the whole day. If you stop to refleet, you will realize how immeasurably the telephone contributes to your family's happiness and welfare. It is a fleet courier . , . bearing messages of love, of friend ship. A priceless helper . . . ready to aid in the task of running a household. A vigilant guardian . . . always at hand when emergencies arise. Security, convenience, contact with all the world---these things the telephone brings to your home. You cannot measure their value in money. You cannot determine the ultimate worth of telephone service. But consider, for a moment, that your tele phone is one of a country-wide system of nine teen million others--a system of many minion miles of wire served by hundreds of thousands of employees. Yet you pay only a few cents a day for residential use. And you enjoy the most nearly limitless service the world affords. A M E R I C AN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH C O M P A N Y AUGUST, 1932 54 INDUSTRIAL HEALTH A NON-TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM FOR PHYSICIANS AND LAYMEN By C. O. SAPPINGTON, M. D., Dr. P. H. Director, Industrial Health Division, National Safety Council Experiences in Industrial Hygiene T HAS been well said that the hu cians in Industry has outlined the fol I man unit is procured according to lowing causes for rejection: specifications and that in return for his work he receives a wage. Further 1. When fche applicant possesses cer more, the human unit should be se lected as to the type of work he is to do, whether it be manual labor, super tain characteristics wnicli constitute a menace to his own safety, 2. When he would be a menace to the safety of his fellow employees or others. vision, or mental work. The work of 3. When the individual is a menace to selection is the duty of the industrial property or material. physician. After the acceptance of the human unit, it is usually conceded that he must be kept in a productive and effi cient condition, and this is also the work of the physician. Similarly, should anything happen to the human unit during his working period, it is necessary that he be treated and brought back to normal with a mini Dr. Paul A. Davis has added a fourth cause which he believes is im portant, in the light of his own ex perience: when the applicant possesses characteristics which may lead to liabilities under the compensa tion law or involve legal difficulties. Rejections, however, in industrial experience fail very largely into a low mum of time lost; the work of the in dustrial physician also embraces this principle. The various factors which affect the human unit in industry may be con trolled by the medical department of any given industry in a way similar to that in which the mechanical factors are controlled in reference to ma chines, by the engineering depart percentage class, varying ordinarily between 2 and 4 per cent. For in stance, in a large industry in which 33,790 men have been examined for employment during the past four years, 796 were rejected, amounting to 2.3 per cent. Not only are physical defects of im portance in making a selection of in dustrial employees, but it is im ment. portant to know that certain types of Selection individuals, although in normal physical condition, can do certain It is recognized that the physical examination is a useful instrument in selecting and placing employees. In types of work better than others. Dr. Davis makes the following sugges tions : using the physical examination, it should be emphasized that it is vir tually an evaluation of any given per son in terms of his physical defects, 1. A tall individual with a dispropor tion of distance between shoulders and pelvis, and pelvis and feet, should not be put on a job where- he has to do lifting and his ability and capacity to do certain types of work. Although certain physical defects may exist, these may not necessarily be a basis for rejection, since ex perience has definitely shown that with certain types of defects, there is no hindrance to certain kinds of work. The Conference Board of Physi- Abstracted from a paper on "Industrial Medicine an a wpeeiatty," by Dr. Paul A, Davis, at the All-Ohio Safetv Oonscress, m2. from the level of his feet. 2. Light-weight individuals should not be placed on jobs involving heavy lifting, especially where the weight to lie lifted is 7.5 per cent or more of" the body weight. In lifting, muscles of the body function most efficiently if their factors are calcu lated in terms of fulcrums ami levers: if these factors are disproportionate, strains may result. 3. Light-complexioned and fair indi viduals should not be exposed to irritating substances, which may involve the pro duction of a dermatitis. Such individuals are more susceptible than the brunette or dark types. 4, Persons with chronic bronchitis should not be exposed to volatile suhstances of an irritating nature, or dusts. 3. .Female workers should be kept away from lead, benzol, arsenic, aniline, and various other poisonous exposures, for thev frequently develop abnormal menstrual dis turbances, ft. Persons with nose and throat infec tion should not be placed in dusty sur roundings nor those which contain irritat ing vapors. 7. Individuals possessing flat feet should be placed in occupations where they do not have to stand or walk during most of the day. X. Applicants possessing focal infection in teeth, tonsils, or other portions of the body should not be placed on work where there is an opportunity for the develop ment of muscle strains, or joint disabili ties, for frequently such infection has pro longed disability, increasing absenteeism, compensation, and the cost of medical care. 9. Individuals with defective vision should not be placed on inspection jobs or work involving acute vision. 10. Applicants having history of any lung or kidney condition, although appar ently it is not active at the time of ex amination, should, nevertheless, be placed carefully where there is the least possi bility of causing a recurrence, 11. Epileptics constitute a definite lia bility. 12. individuals with dilated inguinal rings should be considered as having po tential hernias and should not be placed on heavy lifting jobs. 13. Asthmatics or other persons who have hypersensitive reactions should not be placed in a dusty environment. It is not claimed that this list is exhaustive, but these are some of the important problems which confront the industrial physician when select ing and placing employees. Reexaminations at periodic inter vals are a. very important part of the program of industrial hygiene. Al though some organizations make ar rangements for the reexamination of all employees, when this is not prac tical, executives, foremen, supervisors and kevmen should be given a thor ough reexamination once a year. It is also recognized that it is important to examine ail employees who are ex- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Combat oil dermatitis and make 1932 a record year for Safety . . . HEREVER cutting oils or cutting compounds are used, there lurks Wthe danger of Oil Dermatitis, the disease which shatters safety records. This disease, which takes the form of a virulent skin infec tion, is one of the most prevalent in American industry. It costs American manufacturers great sums each year in compensation and lost time. Entire departments of a plant may become infected with this disease, which may lead to blood poisoning and amputation. # Oil Dermatitis is caused by pus germs carried into the pores, hair fol licles and abrasions of a worker's skin by cutting oil or compounds, (jerm free oil becomes infected during use. Only proper disinfection of all cut ting oils and cutting compounds can control Oil Dermatitis. II You need not tolerate the menace of Oil Dermatitis to your workmen. You can effectively control its chief causes by sterilizing all cutting oils and compounds used in your plant with WESCOL, a powerful germicide (sixteen times stronger than pure carbolic acid, but harmless to human beings) which readily dissolves in either oil or compound, just add one pint of WESCOL to each fifty gallons of cutting oil or compound. # The use of WESCOL is inexpensive . . . yet it protects your workers from a serious industrial disease which has ruined scores of safety records. Send the coupon or write a letter for our free booklet on WESCOL and Oil Dermatitis. WESCOL 16 BARN STREET, A PRODUCT OF THE WEST DISINFECTING CO., LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y. BRANCHES IN 42 PRINCIPAL CITIES WEST DISINFECTING COMPANY 16 3<rn St., Long Island City, N. Gentlemen: Please send me your booklet "WESCOL--A Practical Germicide for Industrial Plants." Name of Compary ............... -................................................................-......................... .......................................................... ......................... AUGUST, 1932 pust'il to known wupationui disease be cognizant of the presence of hyper SNAKE BITE hazards; the examination procedures vary, of wiur.se. with the individual and the type of exposure, it is cus tomary to examine food-handlers and restaurant employees every three months and to have a blood test made sensitive individuals among the plant personnel. So-called "patch" tests may be made, thus affording some definite information. Dr. Davis points out the following important points relative to the appearance or mani Q.--`an ymj give me information about adequate first. aid treatment for snake bite'- -U.P.M. A.-~Ai-f`ording to the experience <>f Drs, Jackson, and < Timmins, who have had extensive experience in the first aid and medical treatment of snake bite, the once a year or more i iften if it seems festation of skin irritation; most important procedures consist in the advisable. Industrial Diseases An efficient industrial physician should know enough chemistry and have enough experience to tell in a general way that, certain chemical groups have toxic properties; in this way. the physician will be able to tell the production manager something 1. Absence of any visible reaction, but the presence of itching and burning. A Redness with burning and itching. 3. Blister formation with oozing, 4. Pimples either with or without pus, 5. Roughened akin with evidence of plugging of glands, b. Dry, scaly, or eczematous skin, 7. Discoloration, Through exposure rn dyes nr other substances. Application of a ligature or tourniquet a few inches above the snake bite to delay tiie absorption of the poison iuto the gen -rat circulation! and the injection of antiv.moxiiouR serum. After the use of the serum, the tourniquet should be released, ff anti-venomous serum is not available, a cross-cut incision is made at each fangmark i the incision being about A inch deep ami U inch long), allowing the poisonous fluids to escape. The removal of toxic fluids may be hastened by the appli about, the possible effects of certain compounds which are to be used in manufacturing processes, upon em ployees exposed to them. If the sub Some of the oauses of these evidences of skin irritation are as fol lows : cation of strong suction over the incisions; this may be accomplished mechanically by an apparatus such as a hreastpump, or a large hypodermic syringe especially adapted to this procedure, and used for a stance is new, the first step is to find 1. Excess heat or cold. period of twenty minutes out of each hour out the chemical structure of it; search the literature for reference to its toxicity; and finally, to conduct animal experimentation to ascertain i. Dusts. Chemical compounds. +. Friction and mechanical Irritation. j, Hvpersusceptibility to various non toxic substances. for a total of fifteen hours. In every case, it is important to obtain the best medical attention as soon as pos sible. the toxic properties of the compound. Another important point is to dis cover what changes the compound un dergoes during manufacturing ti, Inhalation of various chemicals. 7, Exposure of skin to certain light rays. H, Absorption of certain chemical com pounds through the alimentary sys FERROSILICON DUST Q,--What is the possible health hazard when employees are exposed to ferrosilicon dust f---J.R.B. processes and also to understand what tem. A.-~Ferrosilieon is an alloy of iron and changes are undergone when the sub stance enters the human body. Because industrial dermatitis and dermatoses exist in great frequency, it is important that the industrial physician be familiar with the use of manufacturing materials which may cause irritation of the skin and also These are some of the important problems of industrial hygiene, de manding the serious consideration of the industrial physician, and they constitute functions which are of great value in the conservation of health of industrial employees. silicon, the latter being present in propor tions of 15 to M5 per cent, and containing arsenic and phosphorus as impurities. In the presence of moisture, ferrosilicon which contains more than 30 per cent or less than 70 per cent of silicon, decom poses, giving off arseniuretted arid phosphuretted hydrogen, which are poisonous. Several instances have been reported in the literature, where fatalities have oc curred by exposure to ferrosilicon dust and fumes, on ships in which steerage THE QUESTION BOX passengers were housed in ill-ventilated cabins near the hold. Apparently no fatal cases have ever been reported in American literature, as occurring in industry, although cases of Each month Dr. Sappington will answer certain questions relative to industrial health and first aid. Because of limited space, it is sometimes necessary to abbreviate die question or use only a portion of it, while the rest may be answered more fully by correspondence poisoning in which rffects were attributed to ferrosilicon are on record. There should he no difficulty if good ventilation is pro vided, which will remove dust and fumes EYE EXAMINATIONS at their source. drivers. Fourteen states have this regula- Q.--How frequently should we have eye examinations for in) machinists: i.b) truck drivers; and i'e'i stationary engi neers t--R. L. T. A.--The usual period of re-examination of eyes for all persons no matter what occupation, is three years. There are some instances where U is necessary to check up at more frequent intervals of time, par ticularly where fine work is done or where the illumination is not. properly regulated and may cause difficulty. Machinist* might well come under this class of exceptions. tiou at the present time, and the names of these can be secured upon request, it is an interesting point that these licenses for driving are renewed in periods varying from one to three years, questions being asked at time of renewal ahout any changes which may have taken place in visual efficiency. Stationary engineers might well come under thp regulations applied to the gen eral population, having a re-examination of the eves once every three years. Briefly, the frequency of eye examina tions depends upon the age < being more MINERS' KNEE Q.--* `an you give me information re garding the affliction known as "miners' kneeE.W. A.--This disability is also known as "bent knee," bursitis, or subcutaneous cel lulitis. There are other similar conditions known as "beat hand," and "beat elbow.'' These disabilities are all caused by the friction of tools or the contact of parts of the human body with hard ground, rocks, .r other hard materials. Preven tion may be accomplished by providing You may be familiar with the drivers' necessary after 40), on the character of knee pads or (dhow pads, such as are used license laws in various states requiring eye Hie work, the kind of illumination sup by basketball nr football players. 'Treat examinations before a license is issued, plied, and individual differences which are ment should he in the hands of a com which of enurss? ivmiid apply To truck only ohservable through eye examinations. petent physician and surgeon. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Personals R. tsvusbi'ry, t'ur (lie past year 4 7 Killed and a halt' director of personnel for the Hardware Mutual Casualty Com \pany. Stevens Point, Wis., lias been EVERYDAY placed in charge of the company's engineering department. Before be coming associated with the Hardware Mutual Casualty Company .Mr. Salis bury was safety director for the Fisk Rubber Company at Cudahy, Wis. Falls He has also served as general chair man of the Rubber Section, National J (N.S.C. Figures) Safety Council. At the last meeting of the Kxecu- j five Committee of the National Safety j Council. I was authorized to enter into an arrangement with any safety engi neer at present unemployed to sell memberships for the council on a lib eral commission basis. This arrange ment will help build our membership and assist these engineers during the present trying times. Any reader who knows a safety en gineer who is interested in helping himself and the safety movement, is invited to communicate with me or ask him to write me. W. H. Cameron, Managing Director. Hundreds of injuries resulting from falls could have been averted, had the workmen been wearing GROCORD Non-Slip .soles and heels. For SAFE footing is the first requisite of SAFETY. Gro-Cords are made of heavy cord tire cords EMBEDDED UPRIGHT m live rubber. Cord ends, worn bare, provide a constant, and dependable non slip surface for sole and heel. Recommend GRO-CORDS to worlcm.cn. Write for complete Information and samples. Manitoba Holds Second Safety Week THE second annual Accident Prevention. 11 Week m Province of Manitoba, Canada. whh> held May to Jane 4, sponsored by tiie Winnipeg Board of Trade and the Manitoba Associated Boards, the Depart ment of the Provincial Bureau of Labor, and the Manitoba Motor League. The sup port of every public spirited citizen and of every local organization was secured in (`.operation with an official committee headed by S. A. Wood as chairman. The campaign was officially opened by a radio talk over CKY bv the lion, John Bracken who announced that the Lieuten ant Governor, Hon. James D. McGregor, had issued a proclamation designating -`Accident Prevention Week/' Each day of the week was devoted to some particu lar phase of safety effort. Many cooperating agencies assisted in the success of the Accident Prevention Week, including the National Safety Pnunoil, Koval Canadian Mounted Police, Winnipeg Public School Board. Winnipeg Service Clubs, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, Manitoba Bus and Truck Association, Silvertovvn Safety League, the Department of Public Works and the Bureau of Labor of the Province. AUGUST, 1912 LIMA CORD SOLE AND HEEL CO., Dept. H-F, Lima, Ohio GRO-CORDS Are Widely Used in Dairies Iron and Steel Foundries Railroad Shops Auto Factories Gas and Electric Plants ice and Fuel Stations Packing Houses Stone Quarries Mines General Warehouses Fully protected by Patents SOLI S AND HEELS Machine Guards Erdle Perforated Metal is the easy, practical and economical answer to your machine guard needs. Made in various gauges; No. 12 gauge always in stock. Sheets 36x120 inches with /i inch holes. Your handy man can make up and install any type of guard from Erdle per forated metal. Write for samples and details ERDLE PERFORATING COMPANY 171 York Street Rochester, N. Y. 58 THE ACCIDENT BAROMETER A Monthly Review of Significant Changes in the Accident Situation Prepared by the STATISTICAL BUREAU, NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Employee fatalities in 12 reporting states decreased from 585 in May to 478 in June--a, drop of 11 per cent. The average monthly total in these states from February to May was 526, so that the .June total is also a de cline of 9 per cent from this average. Five of the 12 states declined from -May to June, in 4 states the two months were the same, and in 3 states there were increases. Records for the live months are: Feb. Mar. Apr. Mav June California .,,,, 66 59 52 59 Illinois 49 46 as 35 Indiana............... 7 11 .12 13 4 Marvland .,,. .. 8 13 13 8 8 Massachusetts . ,. 20 29 33 32 Michigan .,.., .. 15 11 13 15 15 Minnesota . .,....17 17 13 10 Missouri.......... .. 6 13 6 9 9 New Jersey___ 33 19 22 17 New York..... ..108 97 142 136 136 Ohio.....................79 83 fl" 82 72 Pennsylvania . ,, 96 100 75 84 Wisconsin ..., .. 10 12 a 6 7 Note: This table shows when deaths were reported to Industrial Commissions, not when accidents occurred. State totals are not directly comparable, due to dif ferences in laws. Industrial accidents in Austria during 1930 numbered 42,725, as against 48,186 in 1929, according to a recent report in the Industrial Safety Survey. It is further stated that "the decrease was apparently due in a large measure to a slacken ing of work in the undertakings/' In the Netherlands, accidents dropped from 151.865 in 1929 to 137,034 in 1930. It is also reported, on the other hand, that "accident frequency has steadily increased in Sweden in the last few years"; and that the number of industrial accidents in South Africa showed an increase during 1930. Industrial injuries (fatal and nonfatal) reported to the Ohio Indus trial Commission numbered 10.173 for May. This was an 8 per cent decline from April and a 28 per cent drop from May, 1931. The industrial commission also reports 641,562 days lost, from May accidents, a decline of 10 per cent from April, and 19 per cent from May, 1931. The Industrial Accident Commis sion of California reports 230,515 casualties to workers during 1931. Of these 477 were fatal, a decrease of 160 deaths from 1930. Permanent disabilities numbered 748, a reduc tion of 106 from 1930. Temporary injuries numbered 08.851', 11.684 fewer than in 1930. " Medical only" cases numbered 160.439. The 1.931 industrial accident record is the low est in the history of the state. The total of 477 deaths may be compared with 748 in 1926. The permanent disabilities of 748 may be contrasted with 2,100 in 1918, and an average since 1914 of approximately 1,500. The injury frequency rate during May among employees in the indus trial establishments of 18 community safety council cities was 11.15, com pared with 11.00 in April, and 11.06 during the first 5 months of the year. The March and April rates were be low that of May; January and Feb ruary rates were higher. The se verity rate during May, however, was only 0.31, compared with 0.84 in April and an average of 0.83 for the first 5 months. In this reporting group, in other words, injuries are increasing slightly but severity is go ing down. Motor vehicle fatalities in 115 cities showed a drop of 12 per cent from May to June, thus continuing the decreases exhibited in earlier months. This decrease is all the more unusual, considering that there is ordinarily a sizeable increase be tween these two months. A some what smaller group of cities shows a 22 per cent decline from June, 1931 to June, 1932. Automobile fatalities in 10 large cities sending monthly reports of such accidents to the National Safety Council are as follows: Jan.-June Jan.-June Per Cent 1932 1931 ('hangp Baltimore ... .. 76 *4 -- 9.5 Boston ...... .. 40 54 Buffalo ..,., .. 43 48 -- 10.4 Chicago .,.., 451 -- i.i,}'* Cleveland ... .. 90 104 --13.3 Detroit ........ .. 151 160 -- 3.6 New Yurk... ,.502 528 - - MJ Philadelphia , ..162 165 --1.8 Pittsburgh .. ., 67 --25.fi St. Louis..,.. .. 7f> 88 --14,8 Commercial vehicle accidents in 19 community safety council cities numbered 17.90 per 100,000 vehicle hours operated during May. com pared with 15.39 during April, and 20,12 for the first five months of the year. In 8 cities where mileage is also reported, there were 4.05 acci dents per 100,000 vehicle miles, com pared with 4.10 during April, and 4.08 in the first five months of the year. Accidental deaths of all types in 22 reporting cities decreased from 258 in May to 236 in June. The greatest percentage decline was in the indus trial classification, where there was a drop from 25 to 16. Home fatali ties decreased from 92 to 89, Motor vehicle deaths dropped from 96 to 72. The only increase occurred in the classification of public!not motor vehicle) accidents. Here drowning was the important item, increasing from 21 deaths in May to 28 in June. Looking ahead . . . Automobile fatalities usually increase in August, but tue downward trend exhibited in earlier months makes such an in crease doubtful this year. Drowning deaths, which are usually second in importance in July will fall back to third place in August, although their number will still remain high. Falls will probably resume second place. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 59 He Won't Wear Safety Shoes (Continued from page 18) eventually develop into the second class--broken or fallen arches. Much feet have at one time been normal and owe their present condi tion to improperly fitted shoes. In this type of foot the muscles holding the arch in position have been weak ened and stretched until the natural elasticity has disappeared and the foot has sagged into a swollen and congested mass. This condition is ac companied by severe pain. We can readily see the hazard in such cases, leading to fatigue and accidents. In addition to the sagging and break down of the inner and outer longi tudinal arches, the metatarsal arches will also be found flat. The third class may be. designated as a natural flat foot and must not be confused with abnormal flat feet caused by fallen arches. In normal flat feet the natural arch elevations are negligible. Were it not necessary to wear shoes, and stand and walk on hard surfaces, this class, together with the first class, would experience no discomfort. Indeed, most foot troubles can be traced to ill fitting shoes and hard walking surfaces. Mr. Anderson is convinced that the shoeist of the future must cooperate in a greater degree with the medicai profession than has been true in the past. By such cooperation he has ar rived at a unique and successful pro cedure in difficult cases, and he has developed a skill which discovers symptoms which no shoeist should at tempt to remedy before consulting with a doctor. The simple method developed by this man is to provide artificial com pensation for the deficiency of the shoe. The method of compensation for natural flat feet is to provide some slight spring or elasticity for the foot. For feet with high arch elevations the difference is made up between the shoe and the foot. In the case of fallen arches a gradual increase in thickness is made in the support un der the arch until the foot is restored to its original and natural arch ele vation. Mr. Anderson has labored to find a material for his arch compensation that would accommodate the action of the foot muscles. He believes that metal arch supports are apt to cause atrophy of the foot muscles and de feat- their purpose. SUPERIOR PROTECTION plus safety and comfort CESCO * M & L" GOGGLE April 14, 19SU (Uther patents pending1) 1 HERE'S no protection too good for men engaged in occupa tions that make it advisable to wear goggles while working. Halfway protection is apt to be worse than none at ail, so be sure that your men are wearing the right type of eye protective equipment. CESCO M & Lw For Men with Defective Vision Designed to fit snugly over workman's glasses--to prevent breakage and pitting of expen sive prescription lenses. Can be fitted with Super-Safety Lenses or with C-escoweld Lenses. CESCO "TROJAN" A New Ventilated Wide-Viaion Goggle Has large 50 mm lenses--unre stricted view in any direction. Adequately ventilated yet so de signed as to prevent foreign particles entering the eye cup. Individual right and left eye cups (to fit contour of face) and equalized weight distribution make these goggles exception ally comfortable. Super-Safety Lenses furnished for chipping, grinding, caulking or other se vere impact hazards. Cescoweid Lenses recommended for weld ing and cutting operations. Write for descriptive literature and attractive prices Chicago Eye Shield Co. CHICAGO 2300 Warren Bivri. ILLINOIS GUARD WORKMEN'S LIVES Even a minor punch press accident may cost a life. Crushed fingers are potent sources of infection. Deadly tetanus bacteria work quickly in crushed and mangled tissue. Guard against even the slightest accident with D. & M. Automatic Punch Press Guards. Order a D. & M. Automatic Guard for 80 davs FREE triaL State size and make of prgm and whether left to right or right to left swing it wanted. D. & M. Automatics fit any punch press made--are easily installed by merely drilling and tapping 2 holes --swing either right or left as desired and have an ex clusive, patented shield preventing operator from reach ing behind the guard. LOW IN PRICK--118.50 to <28.00. TAYLOR-SHANTZ CC AUGUST, 1932 60 KLEINS The Safety Lib!ar9 Ay MARY M. WELLS Librarian N.S.C Further information regarding publications fisted here can be obtained from the National Safety Council Library for mermen tINEMEN recognize that only the j finest in safety equipment can he good enough--out on the sticks in any kind of weather-- emergency jobs that must be done immediately--here safety, even life itself, depends on leather and steel. Where safety is the watchword you will find Kleins. In linemen's equip ment, safety first means Kleins first--"since 1857." ;4 national campaign featuring safety for linemen is being conducted try Mathias Klein # Sons to assist in setting the idea of safety to linemen. Distributed through jabbers Four pamplets of interest to you if vou are lineman * r responsible for the safety of line men. Check the ones vou want. C for the Pole Climber C Specificationsoti Linemen s Beltssnil Safety Strap* L The Safety Fartor on Linemen's Leather Poods Q Pocket Tool Guide KLEINMathias ,tA(iibdIS.S/ & Sons 3200 BELMONT AVE.. CHICAGO SAFETY FOE THE HOUSEHOLD "CAFETY FOR THE HOUSEHOLD" is ^ the tirle of Circular An, 39? of the Tinted States Bureau of Standards pub lished in May of this year and just re leased, it is the must complete discussion of tins problem available and supersedes 'ireular Xu. which has not been in print for several years. The pamphlet consists nf more than a hundred pages and contains a number of full-page plates illustrating the common and hazardous practices. The* pamphlet is divided into nine chap ters, the first of which is an introduction in which the whole problem of home acci dent prevention is discussed. Other chap ter titles are Mechanical Hazards. Fire Hazards, lias Hazards, Electrical Hazards. Lightning, Miscellaneous Hazards, What Can Be Done About tt?, and Suggestions for Building a Home. ACCIDENTS, NEUROSES AND COMPENSATION "Accidents, Neuroses and <Compensation," by Dr. James H. Huddleson; 256 pages, with a foreword by Dr. J. Ramsay Hunt- Cloth, price $4.00. Published 1932 by The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, Md. 0ECAUSE of Workmen^ f`ompensation *"* Laws and the World War, traumatic neuroses have assumed increasing im portance, especially as related to industrial accident work. This excellent scientific treatise includes a cnnsideration of historical points; eti ology; classification and symptomology; structural pathology; post-traumatic psy choses, psychopathies, and malingering; specificity between situation and syn drome; evolution., duration, and prognosis; differential diagnosis; treatment; compen sation; and prophylaxis. There is an excellent bibliography of approximately o)n international refer ences. A useful feature of the honk i* a summary at the end of each chapter. Aase histories are widely used to illustrate various principles. The author has some very definite ideas concerning compensation: *`ln brief, if the awarding of money for traumatic neuroses cannot be legally and finally abolished, then it should be given iu a single sum at the earliest possible moment, in an amount ranging from $30 to $.500. Actual verdicts in personal injury suits are too tardy in finif* and too liberal in amount. The post, pmuouent of a final cash award destroys \xh curative properties, f'untinumis pay ments possess questionable sncjn-e.-omnnic merit and generally less than no therapeu tic value." Regarding prophylaxis, Dr. Huddlesnn states: **L, us W>ch!er says. *a neurosis is the penalty one may pay for growing p,' then traumatic neuroses are among the penalties incurred by society through fiyperindustrialization and depersonaliza tion. Without heing obliged to niter main trends, civilization is bound to apply col lectives. v ' 4 * 7 4 <fuiek re sumption of occupation i strongly prophy lactic in the face of sudden fright and little injury. Patients with cerebral in juries must be kept in bed long enough to preclude postenneussion neuroses." This technical and highly specialized work deserves a place in the library nf the industrial physician, where it will eventu ally prove its usefulness as an important reference volume.--0. Sapmnqion, M.D., Dr, PJI. BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Auto Accidents: Report by the Committee to Study <Vrn- pensation for Automobile Accidents to the Columbia University Donnell for Research in the Social Sciences. Published by the Committee, Commercial Trust Bldg., Phila delphia, Fa.. 193", Price $1.00. < Pam phlet.) Blueprints: Fortman, K. H, and McKinney, J.. Blue print reading. For the machine trades. A practical handbook on reading working drawings, assembly drawings, scale draw ings, manufacturing drawings, tooi draw ings, installation drawings. Published by the American Technical Society, D rexel Avenue and 38th Street, Dhieago, II!.. 1932. Price $2JWi. -Book.) Bonus Systems: Harrington, !>,, Bonuses ro encourage >nfe work and for work safely done. Pub lished bv die U, K. Bureau f Mines, Washington, i>. 0., 1932. Free. ; LC. firti.l) 'Pamphlet.) Borax: Borax mining and purification. PuOHshed by the Retail Uredit Company. At lanta, Ga,, 1932, ^ Pamphlet.,) (Industry Report.) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Oases: Innts r, \V., ;jttd Kennedy, R. K., In- I Humnmhility of mixed gases; mixtures of' i methane, ethane, hydrogen and nitrogen. DubiislW by the !A N. Bureau <*f Mines, Washington, D, r,, iqrqy Fre*. / Pam phlet. ) Insurance: ! >hen, 1'., Tht* British system of social insurance, History and description. Pub lished bv ('niumbia- ruivnrsity Pres**, J96<t Broadway, .Ww Vurk *.`itv, 1932, Price $3.5u, (Book.) Trucks: Trucks ami wheelbarrows, Published by rlie National .Safety rnum*il, Inc,, JO North Waekor Drive. t'hieago, ill., 1932. Price Joe. i Pamphlet. i i rtafe Practices No. 5<h) 61 PERIODICALS Elevators: Elevator inspections. In Tearthrs stand ard, duly, 1932, p. 137-Uit, Occupational Diseases: Stratton, K. The engineering con trol of oeeupational diseases by plant equipment and operation. In Trart-krx Standard, July. 1932, p. 1 JO-137, Traffic: t omniunity value of street lighting as an accident preventive. In Travfhru Stand- July, hurl, p. 121-129. Mickle, D. G., Safety islands-- their de sign and use. fn Civil Enyinerrinfi. July, 1932. p, 4375-4X1#. Traffic accidents increase with dimin ished lighting, decrease with better light ing. In iwimcatt City, duly, 1932, p. 96, Woodworking Industry: Carter, A. B,, Safety rules for cabinet shops. f California Safety AV/r.v, June, 1932, p. 4, 100% First-Aid Training Helps Safety Record A`'CORDING to statistics compiled by the American Petroleum Institute, the Oil Production Division of the Empire Companies had the lowest accident fre quency rate of any producing company operated J,500,000 hours or more annually. Company tigures show* a reduction in losttime from 45 per million man-hours two and one-half years ago to 9,8 for the first six months of 1932. Another achievement of this group and one of the reasons for the low frequency rate is the fart that every employee has been trained in first aid and holds a cer tiorate from the lT. S, Bureau of Mines, The interest of the employees in acci dent prevention was recently evidenced wiien 17 fearns from the Kansas Division met in their annual tirst-aid contest held at Oil Hill. Prices for the 1932 meet were n plaque donated by M, R. Shaffer, gen eral superintendent, and first aid kits and driving goggles donated by safety supply houses. More thau 1,000 employees and visitors attended the meet, which was one of the largest held in the Mid-Continent area. A. IT, Miller, V. S. Bureau of Mines, Vincennes, lnd.t E. P. Coulter, Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company. Kansas ity, ami C. S, Warren, superintendent tit' Hie Kansas Division, spoke at the meetC C Bee. her. production engineer, Bar llftsville, `Wla , pri^tuted tb` t,fUaS. G UARDS Should machines be guard ed? .Are exposed belts treacherous? Does a dog need a muzzle, or a lion need a eager1 Illinois, New Jersey and New 'fork alone report 28,536 machinery injuries in a single year. In these industrial centers 15 per cent of all industrial accidents are machine accidents. A large percentage of machine accidents can be eliminated by adequate guarding. H & K perforated sheet steel guard material is ideally suitable for any type of machine guard. All parts have been so standardized, your own men can build them right on the job. Write for complete details. THE HARRINGTON & KING PERFORATING CO. 114 Liberty St., New York City 5645 Fillmore St., Chicago FOR HEALTH AND CLEANLINESS Do away with the metal cuspidor, breeding place of germs! Do away with messy cleaning jobs and dirty corners! Burnitol paper cuspidors are water proofed, inexpensive and if placed in convenient places throughout the plant, will aid in promoting sanitation. Hundreds of plants have found this the only safe way! !,00$ cant onty $$.$0 F. O R, Ronton or tend S3.SO for a trial order of 250--nent prepaid. BURNITOL MANUFACTURING COMPANY Everett Station Boston. Mass. AUGUST, 1932 62 "Super-VISION" Brought Safety (Continued from page 15) Ice Handling Calls (or Foot Protection Foot injuries constitute a large percent' age of all accidents in the ice industry. Where protection has been provided, foot injuries have been decreased as much as 65 per cent. Sankey Foot Guards protect the instep as well as the toes. These guards are made of 16'gauge steel and Rigidlum, an aluminum alloy. They will with' stand a pressure of 300 foot pounds. They rest lightly over the worker's foot and the floor or ground takes the force of the impact in case of falling ice. They are an added protection even over safety shoes and should be worn by every worker handling ice. Send the coupon for sample pair EllwooD SAFETY APPLIANCE COMPANY ELLWOOD CITY, PA. ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE CO.. L'llwostf City. Pa. Oat*.......... Pleat* tend us, tn memerantiun invoice* ......................... .pairs Rlfldtum. , ......................pair* Steel Sankey Cemigated Foot Guard*. It It understood that these guards may be> returned witheut ebllgatlM if they fail ta meet our requirements. Name of Firm......-,....................................................... Street Address ....... .................................... City and 8tate............................................................................... Attention of ............................................ ..................................... ciated the interest shown and cooper ated in correcting conditions. A leaf let calling attention to the need for caution in school bus operation and a suggested code of rules was published and given wide distribution. The Coast Line performed a real service to the city of Rocky Mount, North Carolina, in promoting a com munity safety organization. The city authorities sent a questionnaire to all city employees asking their pledge to assist in safety work. Then a depart ment of Public and Personal Safety was organized under the chairman ship of A. S. Lyon, superintendent of public works. Seventeen safety committeemen were appointed, representing the various city departments and each enlisted the active support of the men working in his department. Superintendent Lyon reports that more than one hun dred hazardous conditions on both public and private property have been corrected. Hearty cooperation in the work has been received from citizens in removing these hazards when they were reported. One thought had been on my mind for many years. What do employees really think about safety work, con tests, trophies and the like? Do they affect a synthetic enthusiasm in the presence of supervisors and safety men ? I remembered a conductor on a branch line freight whose "safety first" preaching aroused considerable derision among the train crew. Once I had attended a safety rally where the employees were waiting as pa tiently as they could for the end of the speech making and the start of the entertainment. I expressed this feel ing to Mr. Scott. "Why don't you go out and find out first hand." he replied, pointing through the window toward the round house and shop. "They don't know you and you could probably get their frank opinion." A negro worker stopped to look at one of the bulletin boards in the shop. "They feed you a lot of this safety first stuff," I remarked. "Don't you ever get tired of it?" "No, sah, boss, ah reckon we needs it," he replied with an ivory grin. "Ah been workin' on dis railroad iV ten years and nobody gets hurt here no moah." And he pointed to the sign indicating 908 days without a reportable injury. Perhaps the more sophisticated workers would be less enthusiastic. The next person I tried was appar ently a foreman. A question about some detail of one of the locomotives, n Paeific 4-6-2 which stood panting on a siding, served to open the con versation. Eventually the talk turned, quite casually, to accidents. "I thought manicuring these iron horses was a dangerous job." I re. marked, pointing to the sign pro claiming 908 safe days. "It used to be," he replied. "May be it still is on some railroads. Rut we've got a real safety organization here. Last year we won a big bronze trophy for having the lowest accident rate of any railroad in the country. And I hear we'd have won it again only the same road can't win it two years in a row. ' ' The shops, it seemed, were strong for safety. How about the train crews? As the train moved northward from Wilmington, I got into conversation with the flagman in the rear vestibule. Soon the Pullman conductor joined us and I began to realize the conti nent-wide scope of the Pullman safety organization. Also, I concluded that there was nothing superficial about the railroad man's interest in safety. The aim of the Atlantic Coast Line has been to develop safety conscious ness among its personnel to the point where it will be adopted as a creed by those who operate the trains and maintain the equipment and right of way. And when safety becomes a creed its influence is not confined to the job. The "super-VISION" ex erted at work is carried into the daily lives of employees and their neigh bors. Thus the Atlantic Coast Line has become a powerful force for safety in the six states it serves. Campaign for Employers (Continued from page 111 toughest ones to convert, but we finally brought them around and to day they are the most enthusiastic supporters of our safety program. "Each month a safety meeting is held at our plant. .Superintendents who formerly attended them as a NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS matter of duty now attend because they are intensely interested in acci dent prevention. Furthermore, they are now active participants in those meetings, offering constructive sug gestions looking toward total elimina tion of accidents. "I, am firmly convinced that at least 90 per cent of the industrial accidents are preventable, providing ordinary care is taken. Now we are thinking in terms of safety not only in the manufacture of fuses and lamps, but in the designing of tools. Many accidents could be prevented if more care were exercised when the tool is designed and made. "Furthermore, I have not found one job where the speed of the opera tion had to be cut down. In fact, in a great number of instances a simple redesign of feeding mechanism re sulted in a material increase in out put per hour with complete safety. T know this is contrary to popular be lief in many quarters, but it has been proved conclusively in our plants. It was not necessary to make any drastie changes in equipment or in the layout of our plants, or to incur any heavy expense to effect this standard of safety. Carefulness and tidiness are about the most important considera tions in executing a safety program in an industrial plant. "The man who thoughtlessly shouts, `Dumb operator!' when an unnecessary accident occurs is sorely in error. He should shout, * Dumb management! ' The management of a plant, not its employees, is responsi ble for accidents. In order to co operate to the fullest extent we have placed safety signs throughout our plants, but those signs are valueless unless they are hung constantly in the minds of the employer. "Simply because a man hires peo ple to work for him, he has no license to injure them. But unless he preaches, practices and insists upon safety in all operations, he is not do ing all in his power to prevent acci dents in his plant. "If the management, superintend ents and foreman practice safety, the employees will follow their lead." Such a simple, inexpensive matter ms changing the viewpoint in a fac tory appears, on the surface, too easy to he really effective as an accident prevention measure. But, the fart that the Bussmann Manufacturing < Vmipany has not. had a lost-time ac cident for more than a year is ample evidence of its effectiveness. AUGUST, 1932 63 NEW DRESS OXFORD with STEEL Safety r Toe CAFETY First Shoes, with the specially designed k STEEL SAFETY TOE, have demonstrated their superiority under all conditions. And now comes a Dress Oxford, a handsome shoe for any occasion, which combines good looks with ail the safety provided by heat-treated, cold-rolled steel. They keep accidents from becoming injuries. Tell us what sizes you require. We can furnish them in widths C, D and E. SALES REPRESENTATIVE: Williams and Company, Inc., Cleveland * . . Pittsburgh . . Cincinnati--for the state of Ohio, Pennsylvania west of Harrisburg and northern West Virginia and Kentucky. Safety First Shoe Co. of Massachusetts Framingham, Massachusetts Please send me............ .....pairs of Safety First Shoes No. 8584 on memorandum, with full Information about your complete line. If they will reduce foot accidents and stave us money, we will gladly help our men to get them. Send st*e, -Address,.. Convert* ....................... .................. .. Position. ..................... ...................... Vianet!.............. . Wiesman Automatic Guards \TO BUTTONS--no levers. No time1 , killing adjustments. The improved Wiesman Punch Press Guard is an en tirely automatic safety guard with a natural speedy action, its efficiency will pay for its cost in increased production. Simple, automatic, safe. Try it SO days Free. 16,500 Users WIESMAN MFG. CO. 31 South St. Clair St,, Dayton, Ohio, U. S. A. What Types of Persons Have Accidents? < Continuer! from pa,ye 1 7 j more ambitious circles. They try to do as well as the more brilliant hut fail in the attempt. The average person has less trouble, perhaps, because he realizes his weak nesses anti drives accordingly. Recklessness Blower, Sprayer notion- cleaner Endorsed by Insurance Underivriters THIS portable electric blower delivers DRY air FREE FROM OIL, at high velocity, yet comparatively low pressure. It safely, quickly, and efficiently cleans motors, generators, converters, shafting, overhead piping, etc. Reduces fire risk and danger of "shorts" and "burnouts." Lengthens life of motors. Helps prevent shutdowns. Instantly convertible for suction-cleaning stocks, bins, auto interiors, furniture, overhead, pipes, rafters, line shaft ing, etc., or for spraying insecticides, paints, lacquers, etc. No installation. Universal motor; attach to any light socket. Less than 2c an hour to run. Ball bearing--no oiling. 4 models; the most complete equipment for every suction-cleaning and spraying requirement. Used by over 20,000 concerns. Fully GUARANTEED by 20-year-old company, originators and largest manufacturers of portable electric blowers. TRY THIS BLOWER 10 DAYS. Then pay for it or return at our expense. Write or wire TODAY. CLEMENTS MFG. CO., 5S-C Clements Bldg. 6650 So. Narragansett Ave., Chicago When an accident-prone driver cannot be classified in any otlipr way he is said to be reckless. The road-hog, the drunk, the speed demon, the para noic. the man with defective vision, the "ne'er do well." the nervous per son, the unintelligent, and all the other cases that are not definitely anaiyzable go into this group. The term should not be used and the reason for the `recklessness" should be studied. In this short paper an attempt has been made to point out some of the common types of individuals that have been found to have accidents more frequently than expected by operation of chance factors. The criterion has been actual driving performance. On the devices used for measuring, which were discussed in a former issue of this journal, most of the defects were easily detected. A good medical examination to gether with a careful mental examina tion by a trained psychologist using apparatus for measuring accident sus ceptibility would easily reduce the number of accidents bll-St) per cent, if backed by suitable administrative ma chinery, Diagnostic studies of one large utilities company reduced acci dents 50 per cent for file year follow ing the study, and the trend is down ward after two years. For those who would care to read further on any of the topics discussed, the following books are recommended. Titles .starred are theoretical in na ture. The others are more or less practical. 1. `Bridges, J. W. Outline of Abnormal Psy chology. R. O. Adams tampans, Uolum- bus, Ohio, Martin, R. M Are you nt to drive vour ar? Popular Science Monthly, No. U 116, 1330. 3. *Munsterberg. Psychology *nd Industrial fttficiency, Housrhton-AIifClin Company, 3-*2. 1913. 4. *Pintner. R. Measurement of intelligence 3. Viteles, M. eJ. Tests for chauffeurs. Indus trial Psychology, No. 1, 2, 30-45. 1926. 6. * Viteles, M. A Psychology in Industry. Psychology Bulletin, N*>, >, 25, 309, PCI. ?. Wechsler, i. 'iv-K f.*r taxtcab drivers. Personnel Journal, 5. s Weiss. A, P Bauer, \ K P-; ehoiuerical Fr'nu nles of Automobile pTUtna:. Th<l Phic 11)"5 1..fata rnir*r.-it. IVf -- t n i.-'"'" NATIONAL SAFETY NE^. S 65 Safety's Third Fundamental ij 'nntinurtl from iHt/p; 271 rati In- prevented hr the education of the employee, '{'he error is nor in the fact, but in the danjrer that it will be assumed that safety efforts tuay he roneeutrated on education to the neglect of safeguarding and engineering revi sion. i believe that tins riejrleW is even true already in some plants which i to speak mildly t have become over-enthusiastic about training the employee in his so-called responsibil ity. Those pioneers, as l have pointed out, had sound reasons for the order in whieii they planed the safety fundamentals. How is it possible to gain the complete confidence and co operation of employees it! manage ment does not demonstrate, by effort and by money speuL in safeguarding the plant hazards, its own sincerity in the aceidenf prevention program Do not forget that accidents suffered ini high speed machinery usually in volve severe injuries. Here are some compensation figures' taken from Bulletin No. 10+ of the Division of Statistics. New Fork State I tepartmeut of Labor. < 'nmpeusation was paid for 11,Too accidents due to machinery for the year ending -June 30, 1929. The larg est group of accidents due to any one cause was that of handling objects. There were 23,724 eases in this group, the compensation amounting to $5.2.59,858. or an average of $183 per case. But in the group due to ma chinery, the compensation amounted to $4,747,677, or an average of $380 per ease. It is unreasonable, of course, to expect that industrial management, even in the best of times, should scrap serviceable machinery because it is dangerous, or perhaps even impossible to safeguard. Considerations of econ omy must often be paramount. But the machine that cannot he fairly well safeguarded is the exception, and the homemade guards, supplemented with a wisp and thorough employee training in safe practices, should serve to keep injuries at a minimum. The day comes, soon or late, how ever. when new machinery must be purchased. Management then will do well to canvass the machine field alertly, for manufacturers have shown themselves ready to iievr|op safe ma chines when evidence is sectt that the purchaser has .1 real i|esi|B for them. Already there are many plants, es pecially among the membership of the National Safety Council, but also in dependent of this association, which are thoroughly safety minded and demand the adequately safeguarded machine. The question of price is still too often a determining factor: but this counts most with the plant less experienced in safety tvork. The pre vention of accidents by means of safe guarding and by the selection of thor oughly safe machines is fundamental ly an economy measure, well estab lished in plants that have long rec ords of safety accomplishment. KEEP ON YOUR FEET THE HONOR ROLL Details of no-accident records in excess of 400,000 man-hours, or 200 working days, are invited for this department Well made, comfortable and dependable safety shoes will help keep your men on Burroughs Wellcome & Co. May -`9 -saw the completion of out* \ put without a lost-time accident by the em ployees of the Tuckahoe, NVw York, works of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. t, IN Sr A.) Inc. The period covered a total of 427,770 man-hours. Management attributes this singes* to an effective safety committee, I the proper spotting of numerous bulletin I hoards, changed weekly, education of the employees through National Safety News, The s^afe Worker and The Safe Driver, and a campaign of safety messages j aud slogans stamped on time cards and I made conspicuous throughout the plant. their feet. Accidents are expensive at any time. But they're prohibitive now! Iron Age Safety Shoes have stood the most rigid test of foot protection They in corporate all the features required for maximum serv ice under the most exacting General Petroleum Corporation 1 The northern division of the pipe line department of the General Petroleum Cor poration, with headquarters at Taft. Calif., completed on June 9 four years without an j accident involving loss of time. Over oHOjUUO man-hours were accumulated, and the record is still unbroken. This division operates Ibl miles of main lines and 90 miles of gathering lines; also live pumping stations. conditions. They are espe cially recommended for the following industries-- STEEL MILLS IRON FOUNDRIES GAS AND ELECTRIC PLANTS Niagara Alkali Co. The plant of the Niagara Alkali Com pany, Niagara Falls, N. YM completed, on duly 1, one year without y lost-time acci dent. The exposure was kUi.UPO man* inmrs. The safe record ivus accomplished without organizing any special competition among the plant departments, or other in centive. The Delaware and Hudson Railroad The Oneonta car shops of The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corp. had their last fhree-dav reportable injury November 14, 1930. and have now completed 19 months nf safe operation, or 1,725,000 man-hours. Approximateiv 5oo men are employed *n these AiopH, ami tlo*v on* engaged i>t re JuijJdnig and repairing t*oh triiimad ?rrt.rM ,< mi paHgf<r ICE AND FUEL STATIONS STONE QUARRIES COAL MINES Carried in stock for immediate delivery. Write for catalog. H.Childs&Co. Incorporated bstakUshed Wt 7 81? Penn Avenue Pittsburgh. Pa. AUGUST, 19J3 66 With THE Manufacturer Manufacturers are invited to send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to out readers will be published PYROIL LUBRICATING PROCESS A new lubricating process which is said to control friction and overheating, af fording increased operating efficiency, safety and protection to machinery has been placed on the market hv the Pyroil Company, LaCrosse, Wisconsin. The name of this product is Pyroil. ati oil product embodying a heat-proof, graphite element. This product is added in small quantity to regular lubricants. It then deposits its heat-proof element on all bearings and frictional surfaces, creat ing a slippery, glossy surface which it is said is capable of self-lubrication in the emergency of loss or deterioration of the regular lubricant. Once created and sus tained, this surface, it is said, is imper vious to excessive temperatures of heat, to wear or to dilution. The surface perpet ually renews itself yet never becomes thicker than a mere film and cannot inter fere with clearances in any way. JOHNSON BASKET GUARD E. P. Johnson Buie Mfg. Company, 565 West Washington St,, Chicago, announce the new Johnson Basket Guard, especially adaptable for protection of operator when feeding strip stock through a punch press, it also may be used where it is necessary to hold parts in position in the press when forming or blanking. The basket guard can be used with prac tically any die. the manufacturer claims, as it is adjustable to any position as well as to any size from 6 to 12 inches in width. THOMPSON IMPROVES LAMP HANGER The Thompson Electric Company, 1438 West Pth Street, Cleveland, has developed new demountable lower contact members for the Thompson Lamp Lowering Hanger, Each contact member has but one por celain block instead of two. The lower contact elements are wired to the reflector or lamp fixture instead of to the bottom mem her of the hanger, enabling one re flector to be substituted for another with out rewiring. By means of the Thompson i-Beam Clamp, these hangers may he attached to the underside of an I-Beam without drill ing and tapping. The hanger may be placed anywhere under the I-Beam with the chain extending cither along the bottom of the beam or at any angle to it, directly from the lamp to any column, corner or wall, to bring it down to the floor; chain may be in con duit if desired. A new bulletin on these improvements will be sent upon request. NEW MAXIM EXHAUST WASHING SILENCER By combining a water scrubber and a Maxim Silencer in one, corrosion-proof unit, the Maxim Silencer Company, Hart ford, Conn., has produced a compact Silencer that, not only makes the exhaust of a Diesel engine quiet, but also makes it sparkless and clean. On gasoline and gas engines, it will eliminate the possibility of exhaust line explosion, the manufacturer writes. It is expected that it will be ideal for installa tion on the exhausts of Diesel engines used in tankers, where sparks must be elimi nated. This new Silencer is called the Model EW. It is built of east iron throughout, making it corrosion-proof. Only a mod erate amount or water is required, the cooling circulation being sufficient. It is smaller and lighter, size for size, than the standard dry type Maxim Silencer. A bulletin describing this latest addi tion to the .Maxim Silencer line will be sent to those interested, upon request. SINGLELIFT TRUCK The Lewis-Shepard Company, 125 Wal nut Street, Watertown Station, Boston, Mass., has announced an entirely new Singlelift Truck--the Gold Flash. This new Singlelift Truck has a number of unusual features. It lowers the load forward and downward at the same time. The descending load cannot grind down along the next load behind. Just a slight backward roll of the truck as the load descends prevents loss of any floor space. The handle when in load-raising position is always connected to the load. To re lease the load from its elevated position, the operator has only to press lightly on the release pedal. The lock rolls out of engagement. The head-room lias been reduced to a minimum, and a newly designed high ca pacity release check is used to govern the load in lowering. A circular, No. 104, is available describing this truck. UNIT COOLER Comfort cooling for summer months is becoming as much a requisite in many types of factories as winter heating. The Trane Company, LaCrosse. Wiscon sin, has adapted its extended surface heal transfer unit, now used in the heating and ventilating tields, to the cooling field. Here is pictured one of the cabinet units for combination winter heating and sum mer cooling, with water, brine, or direct expansion refrigerant. Other models made by this company include suspended and concealed types for various installations. Statements published on this page are based on the claims of the manufacturer. IWhile the National Safety News cannot Kuarantee these statements, they are be lieved to be accurate. News Items Safety First Shoe Company, Framing ham, Mass., has appointed Williams ami Company, inc,, with offices and warehouses at Pittsburgh, Cleveland and Cincinnati as representatives in Ohio, Pennsylvania, west u Harrisburg, parts of West Vir ginia, and Kentucky. They will maintain stocks of Safety First Shoes at each their three warehouses. ** * Divine Brothers Company, manufac turers of flexible grinding, polishing and buffing machinery, Utica, N. Y.. recently added Bobert Haas to their Machinery Division Staff. Mr. Klaas has been connected in va rious capacities with the polishing indus try all his life. He comes io Divine Brothers Company from the Hammond Machinery Builders of Kalamazoo, Michi gan. Because of his long experience in the field of polishing and buffing machinery, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 67 Mr. Klaas believes the new ennnecfion will evolve some new developments that will prove of interest to the entire industry, The Surly Mfg. Co., Inc.. 4139 W, tinzie Street, HiicagOt announce they have 'worked out the problem of an individual exhaust for grinding, butting and polishing wheels which can be installed and oper ated at a very low cost. Trade Publications for your SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY Good Records Win Prizes Free Fads on Safe Operation Executives will find a Safety Equipment Library a valuable file for for U. S. Rubber Plants SAFETY experience of the United States Rubber < 'nmpanv was im proved during 1931 by 2734 per cent ready reference. Having the proper equipment for every operation is half the battle in accident prevention. If you haven't all the information listed below, your library isn't complete! Check the publications you would like; fill out the coupon and mail today! There is no obligation. over the previous year. There were 222 fewer lost-time accidents during the year, and no fatalities were suf fered. This is the hirst year on record without a fatality. The company's interest in accident prevention is shown by the fact that Maxim Exhaust Washer and Silencer' Folder sets forth general specifica tions of model EW Maxim Silencer. Tells its use, performance, construction, how it works and other pertinent information for those interested in silencing the ex hausts of gas, gasoline and Diesel en gines. The Maxim Silencer Company. general industrial flooring service. The Philip Carey Company. Wire Rope Data Book. Handbook on wire rope and valuable hints on its functions in industrial work. Description of various types of rope included. Wil liamsport Wire Rope Company. the executive committee voted to in crease the amounts of the cash prizes awarded for safety accomplishment. These prizes for safety achievement during 1931 were awarded as follows: Large Plant President's prize, $500, To the Lycoming Rubber Company, Williamsport, Pa., for showing an improvement of 64.11 per cent. This plant operated through out the entire year without a lostfime accident. General Manager's prize, $250. To the Winnsboro Mills, Winnsboro, South Carolina. This plant showed an improvement of 55.77 per cent. Small Plant President's prize, $250. To the Shoe Hardware Com pany, Waterbury. Conn., for an im provement of 86 per cent. This plant also operated throughout the entire year without a lost-time accident. General Manager's prize, $125. To the Fibre Products Division, includ ing the Cleveland and Rock City Falls factories. The improvement shown was 81,22 per cent. Safety Devices for Hazardous Liquids. Catalog describing the protection and sealing of containers against fire or ex plosions and escaping gas and vapors. The Protectoseai Company. Magnetic Clutches. A 16-page bulletin on the installation and use of mag netic clutches for special and general power transmission applications. The bulletin describes three types of magnetic dutches--single disk, multiple disk, and serrated disk. Installation diagrams are included and the method of calculating the required horsepower rating is dis cussed in detail. Dings Magnetic Sepa rator Co. Protective Signaling System. Beauti fully illustrated catalog describing sig naling systems for automatic sprinkler supervision, water flow alarms, manual fire alarms, and watchman's service su pervision of industrial processes. Howe Signal Company. Cory Interlocks. A 92-page bulletin describing unit types of safety inter locks for protection of high voltage switching apparatus, electrically and me chanically operated vaives and similar equipment. Chas. Cory Corporation. Eiastite Asphalt Plank. Carefully planned and well illustrated bulletin describing the composition, characteris tics, adaptability and modes of application of Elastic Asphalt Plank for bridge floor ing and Elastic Industrial Flooring for Causes of Skin Sores and Boils Among Metal Workers. This treatise is based on an investigation by the Houghton Research Staff and published primarily for the practical information of executives in metal-cutting industries, in the hope of aiding them in recognizing and aggressively overcoming the causes of these skin infection troubles. E. F. Houghton & Company. A New Tool for Industry. Booklet il lustrating many uses of the Spencer Central Cleaning System for the factory, power plant, to remove rust, clean boiler flues, and remove excess material during process of manufacture. The Spencer Turbine Company. Wing Safety Ventilating Fans. Eight page circular giving capacities, dimen sions and prices on complete line of ven tilating fans for offices, public buildings and factories. L. J. Wing Manufacturing Company. Klemm Cheat Proof Governors. Infor mation on speed regulators for all types and sizes of motor vehicles. In structions for installing and adjusting various models. Of particular interest to industrial truck owners. Klemm Auto motive Products Co. Cesco Goggles. An illustrated book let on the use of eye protective devices including goggles, visors, masks and > shields. Chicago Eye Shield Co. The Cost of "Spare Parts" IE of the items of accident ex NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS acuse which receives little atten 20 North Waciter Drive tion is the cost of spare parts for dCishicago, III. abled human beings. According to the United States Bureau of the Census, in 1929 the Nation spent $2,435,527 for artificial limbs and $17,257,092 for braces, trusses, knee Plea* hare sent to me the publication* I have checked: Name ............................. .................... *............ .. Title ................. ................................................................ .................. caps, anklets, arch supports, ear drums, crutches, splints, etc. Company ...... ...................... . Address................................................................. *....................... .. AUGUST, 1932 Worth's ANTI-SUP Floor Cleanser SAVES TIME AND MONEY Keeps Dirt Out Modernize your methods of cleaning. New and original floor cleaning and sweeping com pounds for wood, metal, marble, mosaic, terrazzo floors. EASILY APPLIED, merely scatter over floor and and SWEEP with push-broom. This bINGLE and bIMPLE operation lays DUST, takes up DIRT and CLEANS swiftly. LEAVES FLOOR AxBRASIVE, protects from injuries due to slipping and automatically reduces liability risks. /Approved for use by casualty insurance companies. Obtainable in 10 pound packages or in steel drums of 50, 100 and 250 pounds. WORTH MILLING COMPANY, Inc. Middletown, Conn. 36 West 44th Street, New York City Tel.: Murrey-Hill 2, 2050 "AND BURN UP A HUNDRED JOBS!" . . . urges hvr_-are!I ess,n gj lee fully. When the thought less smoker tosses aside a smoldering match, cigar or cigarette, he does his best to burn down the factory or store . . . and burn up jobs. Stonehouse "No Smok ing'* Signs TEACH smokers to kill fire breeders! Jf 51 BN 5,inc Stonehouse Bldg. 9th at Larimer DENVER COLORADO "STONEHOUSE SIGNS SINCE 1863" POSITIVELY NO SMOKING i Nominate N. S. C. Directors i for 1932-35 S PROVIDED hv the by-laws of A* the National Safety i'mmcil. I transmit to ymi herewith the report uf the Nominating t`nmmittee, nunposud of .Messrs. O/'onze ir, Traver, Chairman: Dr. U. L. I'orhert. K. Iv. Eastliain. Robert F, Hand ami Hoyt 1,. Frarlier. This I'oiiiiiiittee has unanimously nominated the following directors of the National Safety Council, whose terms of office expire October for re-election at the annual meeting in Washington. I), C,, October 1!W2: J, I. Burnish, consulting engineer, I'liivngo, .1. K. I'ultinev, manager of safety. Beth lehem Steel <`orp., Bethlehem, Pa. l/d'.vard Dana, general manager, Boston Elevated Railway, Boston, Mass. F. A. Davidson, president, Cteneral Si-affoidiug Kngiueers, Inr,, .New York rity. Lewis A. I'leBois, .New York City. 1). T, Harrington, eiiief engineer. Safety Division, C. S. Bureau of Mines, Wash ington, D, id. lr, T, Hellmuth, claims attorney, Chicago X errh Shore and .Milwaukee Railroad i 'onipany, Cliieago. Frank J. Lanaham, president, Fort Pitt Malleable Iron Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. ff. E. Long, superintendent of! satiety, The Delaware & Hudson Kailroad Corp,, Albany, N. Y. Paxton Mendelssohn, Detroit, Mich. Miller MeCIintock, Director, Frskiue Bu reau, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. John A, Cartel), chief of safety bureau, Carnegie Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. c, K. Pettiboue, vice-president and man ager engineering Department, American Mutual Liability insurance Pompanv. Bos ton, Mass. Lieut, Colonel Henry A, Heninger. spe cial representative, Lehigh Portland De ment Company, Allentown, Pa. Dr. A. D. Kisteen, director of technical research, The Travelers Insurance Cumpuny, Hartford, Conn. Charles B. Neott, president, Bureau of S;,i tetv. t lileagn. Dr. Cassius H. Watson, medh-al ***r, American Telephone and Telegraph com pany, Now York <`iry. Albert Wt Whitney, associate general manager. National Bureau or Casualty and Surety Underwriters, New York City. W, K. Winans, manager, industrial Bela* Hons Department, Union Carbide and Car bon Corp., New York City. A Miie w;i\ A reel is ;i divcl mi I whieji < he niomrist run be btmipeil I the Mplv NATIONAL SAFETY NEU S il INDEX TO ADVERTISERS -- 69 American Mason Safety Tread Co..................... 8 American Optical Co............................ -...................... -2*3 American Telephone & Telegraph Co................. - S3 PYROIL Stuif'hj flctH to liccj.11 In 7 Od I Safety Costs Less Burnitoi Mfg. Co.____ ___ -- 61 | Burrough.-Wellcome & Co. (U. S. A.) Inc. ? IT'S expensive to handle boiler plate with old-fashioned chains or hooks, Central Iron & Steel Co..___ Chicago Eye Shield Co... which have a tendency to slip, causing Child. & Co.. H................ accidents. Clements Mfg. Co....... 64 ...... 59 ... 65 64 The use of Never Slip Safety Clamps will reduce these expenses, because Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc............... 4 these clamps do not slip. Two clamps and chains will do the work of four bent | Ellwood Safety Appliance Co. hooks and chains, and do it without ! Erd'e Perforating Co.......... harming the plate. Even at an angle ,, ,,, 62 ........ 57 i :t \ \j SafeguaAdi I* V R O 11. protects machinery against friction a a d lire hazard , Tools h rate d hearings. Increases power, MACHINERY Actually i> u t I <1 lubrication INTO the metal. Adds a 1 cw safety factor that effects Uslldy p ra o u need e t`f I e iene j a n d absolute economy. Apply PYROIL to tt n v lubricating problem for conclu sive proof of Its amazing efficacy. Never Slip Clamps will hold work with out slipping. Made in two styles for | Finnell System, Inc. lifting plates horizontally and vertically. Write for details Harrington St King Perforating Co. | Hynson Westcott & Dunninf, Inc........ 8 61 35 GK.vriNE PYROIL is high ly endorsed by leading in dustries of the 1* r i d. Request a FREE e o p y of the interesting "ISTOKY Ol I'lKUU." Manufactured and Guaranteed by Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. [ 51 East 42nd St. New York City Kldde & Co., Walter . . . .............................. 72 .... LA fOUITILfi.'l LA rnQi^L WIS Usft Klein & Sons, Mathias. .. JJF J?YE INSURANCE .......................... SO Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co.......... ....................... 5 Lima Cord Sole A Heel Co......... .............................. 57 Mine Safety Appliances Co.................................... 33 A real wide vision, general utility goggle with large furred lenses, non-wwroding metal frame, wntilatM and rubber-edged eye cups, adjustable bridge, and elastic band. Lenses replaceable. New Era Goggles Reduce the Cost of Safety (T^HIS TYPICAL value is ottered by way of proving that you can save money by dealing with New Era --whether you buy goggles of our special design or the standard styles for which we are distributors. A Copy of uur new industrial Catalog--it's free for the asking--will show you the economy of purchasing from a house whose 20-vear reputa tion is based on selling quality optica goods at lower prices. ^ ^ - AO1' tfSg AUGUST, 1932 National Safety Council Inside Front Cover-37 Never Slip Safety Clamp Co....................................... 69 New Era Optica! Co.......................... .................... ....... 69 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp............ _..... .............................................................Inside Back Cover Pyroil Co. .... ..................................................... $9 Rundle-Spence Mfg. Co............................................... 69 Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Shoe Co. Stonehouse Signs, Inc......... Back Cover ......................... 63 ...................... 68 Taylor-Shantz Co......... 59 West Disinfecting Co. ... ...............Wiesman Mfg. Co.................. Willson Products, Inc-------------------Worth Milling Co., Inc.. ... ~ 35 - 83 1 ........... 88 HEALTH COMES FIRST { hat is the decision of every institution in stalling Rundle-Spence drinking fountains . . . and they arrive at their decision rightfully, larst, because the sanitary features of an R-S fountain place it in a class by itself; and sec ondly, because without exception the R-S fountain prevents all users from touching their lips to the jet or nozzle. Before you decide on the type of drinking fountain to install, write for the R-S catalog. Colors are available for any color scheme. RUNDLE-SPENCE MFG. CO. N. Fourth St. Milwaukee, Wisconsin RUNDLE-SPENCE 7(1 The Buyers' Service All firm* lilted below ere advertisers in this issue--See Advertisers' Index Page 69 A Accident Prevention Service National Safety Council Anemometers Mina -Safety Appliances Co. Aprons Dads Eftwrgpnry Equipment Co . ln<\ Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimosan safety Equipment Co. safety Equipment Service Co. C Car Blockers Safety Equipment Service Co. Car Blockers--Mine Mine Safety Appliances Co. Car Movers Safety Equipment Service Co. Car Step Treads--Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American Mason Safety Tread Dans Emergency Equipment Co , inc, P Films or Slides For Rent and Sale National Safely Council Finger Protectors Chicago Bye Shield Co. Dans Emergent'y Equipment Co., inc Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Fire Alarms Mine Safety Appliances Co, 6 Gas Detectors Daria Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Germicides Germicide--Cutting Oil West Disinfecting Co. Hooks, Linemen's Belt DaInrci*. Emergency Equipment Co , Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Hooks--Safety Hoisting Never Slip Safety Ciamp Co. Hospital Equipment Burroughs Wellcome St Co tU. 8. A,), inc. DaItKdJs. Emergency Equipment Co.. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Arm Protectors Daws Emergency Equipment Co . Inc, Mine Safety Appliance* Do. Puimosan Safety Equipment Carp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Badges and Buttons Mine Safety Appliances Co. Belts--Linemen's Dad* Emergency Equipment Co., Ino. Klein. Mathias A Sons Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmoean Safety Equipment Con*. Bella--Safety Davis Emergency Equipment Co,, Inn. Mathias Klein A Sons Min# Safety Appliance* Co, Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. .Safety Equipment Service Co. Baits--Tree Trimmer's Mina Safety Appliance* Co. Belts--Window Cleaner*' Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Blackboards Blankets--Fireproof Dad* Emergency Equipment Co.. Ine. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pmmnsan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Blowera--Portable Electric Clements Mfg. Co. Blow Torches Via this* KJeln A fSona Brakes, Vehicle, Power Buckets, Hoisting Datvnics. Emergency Equipment Co,, Bulletin Boards Davw Emergency Equipment ro., inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Com. Safety Equipment Serrice Co. Carboy Inclmatora Safety Equipment Service Co. Carbon Monoxide Detectors, Indicators and Recorders Mine Safety Appliances o. Chain--Factory Chairs--Safety Boatswain Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Chip and Spark Guards Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Safety Equipment Service Co. Clamps and Sockets Never Slip Safety Ciamp Co. Cleaning Compounds Worth Milling Co., Inc. Clothing for Industrial Work ers--See Aprons, Caps, Gloves, Hand Leathers, Leggings, Overalls, Shoes. Clothing, Weatherproof Dans Emergency Equipment Co., Ine. Mina Safety Appliance* Go. Safety Equipment Service Co. Cuspidors--Sanitary Paper Burnito! Mfg, Co. 0 Disinfectants and Deodorants West Disinfecting Co. Drinking Fountains Huudle-Spence Mfg. Co. C Elevator Safety Devices Dam Emergency Equipment Co.f inc. Emblems Mine Safety Appliances Co, Eye Shades--Non-Breakable Chicago Eye Shield Co, Dads. Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Safety Equipment Serdce Co. Expanded Metal Erdie Perforating Co. Harrington A King Perforating Co, Exptoaive Containers Darts Emergency Equipment Co,, ine, Mina Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Serrlca (To. Fire Detectors Fire Extinguishers Walter Kidde & Co.. Ine, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmoean Safety Equipment Coro. Fireproofed Clothing Dads Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Safety Equipment Service Oo. First Aid Equipment Burroughs - Wellcome A Co.. ill. a. A.l. inc. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Jno. Hynaon Weetcott A Dunning Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. First Aid to IOneas Burroughs - Wellcome A Co., lU, 8. A,), Inc. Floor Machines Finnell Syatem, Inc. Flags--Danger Safety Equipment Service Go, Flammable Vapor Indicatora Darla Emergency Equipment Co., ine. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Flooring Materials--Safety American Mason Safety Tread Co. Central Iron A Steel Co, Dads Emergency Equipment Co., Ino, Flywheel Guards Dans Emergency Equipment Co., Ino. Krdle Perforating Co. Barrington A King Perforating Co, Foot Guards Dads Emergency Equipment C.a., Inc, Kliwood Safety Appliance* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Footwenr--Rubber Fuu Pullers Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Safety Equipment Serrtc* Oo, Glass, Non-Shatterable Chicago Eye Shield Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co, Glove# and Mittens Chicago Eye Shield Oo. Dad* Emergency Equipment Co., Ino. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmoean Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Goggles American Optical Co. Chicago Ere Shield Co. DaInnesT, &nergency Equipment Co., Mine Safety Appliance* Co. New Era Optical Cto. PuCimoronsan Safety Equipment Safety Equipment Service Co. Willson Products, Ino. I Inhalators Davis Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. S Jointer Guards Dads Emergency Equipment Co., Jno. Safety Equipment Service Co. (Standard Safety Equipment Co. L Ladders--Safet y Mina Safety Appliance* Co. Gongs, Sirens. Horns and other signaling devices Mine Safety Appliances Co, Ladder Shoes Dads Emergency Equipment Co., ino. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Guards--Safety Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Ino, Erdie Perforating Co. Harrington A King perforating Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Lamp Hangers Lamp Locks Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. H Hand Cream Darts Emergency Equipment Co,. ino. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Lamps--Safety Davis Jftnergwicy Equipment Co., Ino. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Lanterns-- Electric Mine Safety Appliance* Ca Hand Leathers Dari* Emergency equipment Co., ine, Mina Safety Appliances Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co, Leggings Dad* Emergency Equipment cn , inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmoean Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Equipment Service Co. Hats--Safety Paris Emergency Equipment Co., Ido. Min* Safety Appliances Co. Helmets American Optical Co. Chicago Eye Shield Oo. Daria Emergency Equipment Co,, inc, Min* Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmoean Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Ca Lighting--Industrial Linemen's Protectors Dad* Emergency Equipment Co ino. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Linemen'* Toot Bags Daindcs. Emergency Equipment Co iafety Equipment Service Co, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Locker# and Hanger* for Clothing Lubrication Pyroil Co. Lubrication System* Davis J&nergency Equipment Co . I no. Masks Chicago Eye Shield Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosaa Safety Equipment Corn. safety Equipment Service Co, Masks--Navy Type Mine Safety Appliances Co. Mata--Standing, Safety }*an Emergency Equipment Co., Ino. O Oil C*n* Davis Emergency Equipment Co., ine. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Hamy Equipment Service Co. Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc Mine Safety Appliances Co. P Pads--Knee Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Equipment Co. Paint Remover Pneumonia Tents Mine Safety Appliances Co. Power Press Guards Chicago Eye Shield Co. Darts Emergency Equipment Co.,inc. Safety First Equipment Co. Taylor-Sbants Co. Wtesman Mfg. Co. Prize Awards Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pyrotannic Detector Miss Safety Appliances Co. n Rail Clamps Respirator* American Optical Co. Chicago Eire Shield Co. Darts Emergency Equipment Co., ino. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimoaan Safety Equipment Oorp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Willson Products, Inc. Resuscitation Equipment Daria Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Rock Dusters Mine Safety Appliances Co. Rope--Wire ffi Saw, Safety Dafnriea. Emergency Equipment Co., Mine Safety Appliances Co. Saw Guards Safety Equipment Service Co. SUngs--Safety Wire Rope Sterilizing Equipment Surgical Dressings Mine Safety Appliances Co. Burroughi - Wellcome A Co. 8, A.), Ino. Scaffolding Scrubbing Machines--Electric Finned System. Ino. Shaper Guards Switchbeard Mats and Floor ing Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, T Shoo Soles--Non-Slip Davis Emergency Equipment Co., ino, Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co. Shoes--Factory and Foundry ' Hilda A Co.. H. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., ln<\ Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First shoe Co. Tools--Linemen's Davis Emergency Equipment < n . Ino, Klein, Mathias A Sons Tools--Non-Sparking Fulmoesn Safety Equipment Dorp, Towel Cabinet*--Paper West Disinfecting Co. Signs Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safetv Equipment Service Ca .Stoaehouss Signs, Ino, Sirens and Signals Traffic Markers Safety Equipment Service Co. Treads--Safety American Mason Safety Tread Co. Central Iron & Steel Co, Davis Emergency Equipment Co., ino. Slides--L a n t e r n--Also see Films or Slides Tree Trimming Tre*tie*~-Safety Extension V Vending Machine*--Sanitary Went Disinfecting Co. W Washroom EquipmentIndustrial Washers--Safety, for Grind mg wheels Waste Can* ino,Davis Emergency Equipment Co Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Oorp. Safety Equipment Service Co Water Coolers Bundle Spence Mfg. Co. Welding Equipment Wet Finishing Processes, Laundry St Textile Window Cleaner Wrench#*--Hopper Car Safety Equipment Service Co. Industrial Safety Market AS a service to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a complete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on material to meet your requirements. 1 National Safety News, 20 N. Waeker Drive, Chicago Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) Company .......................................................................................... ........... ...................................... ........... Address ........................... ............ .......... ................................................................... ................... .............. Your Name .......................................................................... ...................................................................... AUGUST, 1932 i J* the Safety of Your Record Vaults Left to Chance? IRE is not the only thing that menaces --but leaves absolutely no trace--no damag Fthe valuable documents and records that ing after effect of anv kind. constitute the life of many a business. Water Besides record, fur and storage vaults, LLX and chemicals used to extinguish the blaze units are designed for all kinds of flammable may do just as much damage. liquid and electrical hazards. Built-in systems Do you leave the safety of vour business protect the larger hazards in a confined space . records to chance, or do you have means of --or those requiring a "local application", extinguishing vault fires harmlessly--without as dip tanks and spray booths. The LUX por wetting or damaging the contents? table is for emergency use in spots not covered The LUX System is admirably fitted to bv a built-in system. Free booklet, "LUX storage and record vault hazards--where it is Makes the Difference" gives full details. essential that water or chemicals are not used. The system is discharged automatically, w ithin a few seconds after the first Hash of fire. The dry LUX gas smothers the flames instantly Walter Kidd& Compa.tty'.,Inc> 140 Cedar Street NewYork ==----- .g LUX Fire Protection ===== FOR ALL KINDS OF FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND ELECTRICAL FIRE HAZARDS NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS HJIMOMN RMtIRATORt GR-230 Goggle Respirator Provides protection of yes, nose, throat and kings, against dust, paint j(ray, fumes, smoke, One piece. Respirators are bought for only one purpose--to protect the workers' nose, throat and lungs against the dangers of dusts, fumes, smoke, mists, etc. Since that is true, you can't afford to risk "half-way" measures! Protection must be adequate--economical--serviceable ...all e.:entials which you get in PULMOSAN RESPIRATORS. Consider this evidence: R-110 Dustpruf Respirator Most popular tor protec tion against nne dust and paint bpray mist. Weight, j Vi >j. Comfortable, ad justable, easy hreathing. PULMOSAN RESPIRATORS are comfortable to wear--permit natural breathing of fresh air -- keep out foreign, dangerous particles and fumes --are built carefully for long wear-- and are inexpensive. I^l The majority of the largest cor porations in the country, after careful tests, have standardized on PULMO SAN RESPIRATORS. R-ISO Chemical Cartridge Respirator *v'w Pnlmo^r* develop ment. For paint spray, organic tumes, sulphur dioxide and smoke. Chem ical cartridge purifies air. Fight weight. PULMOSAN RESPIRATORS are sole patent owners of the improved, non-inflated, face-engaging rubber cushion. Wherever PULMOSAN RESPIRATORS have been submitted, they have proven superior. PULMOSAN RESPIRATORS are the product of safety engineers who have devoted twenty-two years of constant advancement In the manufac ture of respirators. Fill in and mail the coupon beloiv for full information and prices of PULMOSAN RESPIRATOR line. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. 176 Johnson St. Brooklyn, N. Y. Michigan Distributor THE BOYER-CAMPBELL CO. Detroit | Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp., | i 7<5 Johnson St., Brooklyn. N. Y. Gentlemen: Please send literature and price* on PUI.MOSAN" RESPIRATOR line, without obligation " . Send hie of other industrial safety equipment Firm Same Individual . State. 1 Don't Invite Accidents Don't take a chance with cheap, uncertain substi tutes--when you buy "Safety Service" quality at these New Low Prices Money wisely spent on goggles, protective clothing, respirators and other neces sary safety devices is economy. Don't risk the liability of high compensation costs by "shaving" your safety budget too closely. And above all things don't, in the name of economy, resort to the use of substitutes of uncertain protec tive qualities. At the new, low prices prevailing on "Safety Service" Protec tive Equipment, you can buv with confidence that your dollars are securing 100% value in protective qualities and solid worth. Now is the time to make your dollars do double duty. Practice safe and sane economy--buy your safety requirements NOW from "Safety Service." The Dr. Wood Respirator For protection against dust hazards. Ex tremely comfortable on the face. Filter cloths renewable. q, , - Each............................................. 5 The Kleenair Respirator 2.00For protection against dust haz ards. fumes, etc. Each............ s Nt. 1514 "STURDY-WEAVE" ASBESTOS GLOVE Reinforced with chrome leather patch. t 5 00 l>*n i'air..................... -............... Ht. 3006 CHROME LEATHER GLOVE Made of high grade *tocfc A11 seamaC 1 A C A double ititched. Dozen Pair.A* * v.uv "ADJUSTO" Cork Grip Ladder Shoe No, 1680 STEEL STAPLED MITTEN A strong, csmceable learner mitten with steel stapled thumb, t'an be worn on eitheap 1 O nr hand- Pair.................$ zO.UD No. f 644 STEEL STAPLED GLOVE For protecting ftandi in handling rough materials tucb a* pig iron, hrick, scrap, ban. etc, 1 C 7 C Pair,........................D Designed to prevent the Udders from slipping on metal, concrete, marble, slate and similar surfaces. The cork soles of these ladder feet grip the floor with bull dog-like tenacity. Soles are renewable and may be replaced easily when worn out. Lad der feet are adjustable to tit anyv^ * size Udder. Dozen Pair.... ........... 5) JLO* THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE COMPANY 1228 ST. CLAIR AVENUE Buell, W. Nutt, Pres. CLEVELAND. OHIO