Document xjD1Vn4BYmqQLvJk78324wxwg

FPG EXCHANGE WITH RIJKSINSTITUUT VOOR VOLKSGEZONDHEID EN MILIEU 30 MARCH 2022 2966492 } 2966492 ONE-OF-A-KIND POLYMERS i F poly are unique used across hnologies, industrial pi and everyday applications from the aviation industry to transportation, medical devices and energy production and technical apparel. With a unique set of properties, they are durable, chemically inert and mechanically strong. Fluorpolymers help to keep us safe and enable innovation. SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS Ln\ANA ANN '- AEROSPACE PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group WHY DO WE USE FLUOROPOLYMERS? Ensure , reliability and performance across a variety of sectors polymer for Low-risk human health & environment Help drive EU industry competitiveness and innovation Critical to numerous technologies enabling the Green Deal, reducing waste and emissions Few, if any, viable alternatives `CHEMICAL INDUSTRY POWER INDUSTRY ENERGY DIGITALISATION FOOD SAFETY v MEDICAL USE Uses of fluoropolymers * Promoting sustainable and smart mobility through electric vehicles. Extending the lifespan of medical equipment and devices, reducing the need for repl risk of failure and cross infections. ing + Enabling a data driven though the fe of microp and semi-conductors. Facilitating R the and the ion Wave ion of energy efficient buildings. Driving innovation and helping decarbonise the aviation industry. Assisting the chemicals industriyn pi ing ion in harsh * Ensuring food and pharmaceuticals remain fresh and uncontaminated. . in ing workers professional ive and high-perf clothing. 2966492 European FP market, by end users % in tons, 2020 PE OROPE SAR ldUuusTipimi%eanlt Copyright Plastics Europe Source Allied Market Research Construction 5.7% Privileged and confidential information - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission Electrical and Electronics 7.6% 2966492 Repartition by key end-users Far sbiy Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Transport equipment Electrical and electronics Industrial equipment Sales to downstream sectors PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 18,000 16,000 HW Tonnages, EU28, 2020 14,000 Sales values, EU28, 2020 12,000 $ 10,000 :- 8,000 6,000 4,000 . a 2,000 , . = & LO NC & & SoS F& & Copyright Plastics Europe Privileged and confidential information - Do not A A 0 H Nod & FC < Ef EF FFE & &F ha OC &F&F bey& (e) EES & i & & \ duplicate or distribute without written permission oe SE <8 HF & Nn 300 250 --_ and 2 200 oWw 150 = ge 100 3 hv 50 ! 2966492 Sales to downstream sectors Sales value, % change 2015-2020 350% PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 300% 250% 2015- 20 200% wo o change% oo== 50% I 0% -50%! Chemical and Power Food and pharmaceutical industry (F&P) Electronics Transport Renewable energy Cookware Medical applications Copyright Plastics Europe Privileged and confidential information - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission Textiles and architecture Other sectors, notincluded above Total 2966492 M a rket va f u e xLe PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group Sales of fluoropolymers onto the EEA market generate revenue of approx. 750 million per year and sales onto the EU28 market generate 740 million per year. Just over 1 billion worth of fluoropolymers are produced in the EU28/EEA = The value of exports (550 million) is more than twice the sales value of imports (270 million). Copyright Plastics Europe Privileged and confidential information - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission 2056452 rz PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 - Introduction to the use of Fluoropolymers [] PLASTICS Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group Given the market prices of Fluoropolymers (FLP), users in general opt for FLPs only if nothing else (cheaper) works. As such it has become a necessity rather than a choice MEERCY GT oT REV Ai =To] (o [Ta ETM o] feo] oT g T=I IMF=Tedo Wo)IVY 4 [Teda Wed0e] flo) be found in alternative materials separately, but very often the combination of properties is governing the use of FLPs. RGCTolE=Taello WaloS o} Ye) (a ST lg EEL STA EE] Sg EER ote ECT [UIST Tel ISI No I trade-offs, as we will discuss, are in areas of fire safety, weight savings and performance. 10 2966492 Automotive ~~ Key benefits of fluoropolymers < sector Under the hood temperatures of cars are high (a [SIN (ol oo)1p Wale ET=N =Te [B@iiTlog I= ERNE)| 8 RELREIVET [ale =-E go Ri[=1R=Teglel] osl\A (101g slo tg Eo fo[TH lo[1=Te:A1p][=Te1 ilo] g =) (od MANETME Too] {XML synthetic oils are used in brake and other hydraulic systems. FLP's are required for the [oZegglo]lg=11Te]g Wo)ft [=T ala]lo]gM eolgli] [S[e]BER=T=Ta/[e2) temperatures as well as resistance to F=Tefe] (=I eRe a pal [or= SN(o]F|SX | o LNT TRUTS) Key benefits include: + Better fuel economy from weight saving Ol [a (=T- e 1=To T} {1(lag(Wo i elelgg]elS1e01l6g5 = Improved reliability and lower maintenance costs. + Permits use of alternative fuels < Issues with alternatives + Alternative materials in most cases increase the weight of the car and have an adverse effect on 0 IN=Tgleo]l0o0 \l AAR U To a BN (a TERY|ITT SEER a) vehicles overall carbon footprint + Lower quality material replacements will result in pileCsIA ET ClkI l lel= Rotel 1p(ol[ol I ler= (= I-10] [147A _ PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Examples of fluoropolymers in automotive Types off flfluoropo| lymers and applliiccaattiions PTFE PFA/MFA FEP FKM THV Fuel lines and hoses Fuel management systems Seals & gaskets O]| Jol:]g O rings ABS brake lines Lambda sensor grommet and wiring Turbo charger hoses 12 PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Examples of fluoropolymers in automotive Direct Fuel injection seals Turbo charger hose Fuel filter seals Fuel rail seal Fuel vapour line Exhaust gas return line Fuel return line Fuel Vapor System Lambda sensor - Wire - Grommet - Sleeve Oil pan gaskets Engine Systems Break pad wear indicator wire Fuel Storage Filler Neck Hose AdBlue hose Fuel tank valve seal Fuel cap seal Cam shaft Seals Cylinder head gasket Valve stem seals 13 Cylinder lining o rings PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group Transmission Systems Crankshaft seals Push pull cables Crank case vent tube Rotating lip seal 2966492 Aerospace industry Key benefits of fluoropolymers ol Issues with alternatives o LN a [Fle]ge]s\ lneS] ERIgREI fe r= | ensure: HERE(TCRTET=To Bo) Safety - in particular fire safety * Weight savings - often in combination with safety * Hygiene - Easy clean surfaces DAC ETON EICIEERT Rp [eS He EEE Ie CEEERGERITETTgol Wel MigleR=TE1 elo] ET [R= go! have an adverse effect on fuel economy, Alle CEE sR(al=Rez1gelelgR{olelis]gIsl8 + Most importantly are the low smoke and fire resistance properties of Fluoropolymers in critical systems as well as in aircraft interiors - which will give extra seconds to vacate an aeroplane that saves [=X 14 R BLASTIGS Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Examples of fluoropolymers in aerospace Types of fluoropolymers and applications AL "~ kL] li PFAIMFA ETRE ECTFE FEP PVF ( \A YAW CESS Cg IS Wi-Fi wiring In-flight entertainment wiring Fuel hoses Interior film Jet engine parts Overhead bins Lig oxygen seals 15 PLASTISS Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Chemical Fal fKleuyorboepnoefliytmserosf < Process Industry * In general, fluoropolymers in chemical E11 e=lea0tb gl]glo W=To [W][e]q 41-10) = (=HVE ITo do) protect steel housing against a harsh chemical environment. They prolong the life (0) =To[V[1e] 9110 Ta[l8ae[Ta:le MolIlceMRfinilgTeN=](e8 prevent chemicals from spilling into the environment and keep workers safe. The key properties of FLPs are their ability to function under continuous service Tea LT El = TBIe(=X (FoR (e241 VIG {o)ol ol Wal = IF=14[| resistance to harsh chemicals. Issues with alternatives < In harsh environments, materials that do not LaCiTaele Rig (CTW=Y 0M folalng (Ya) CREANRET CY sometimes used. This results in more frequent shutdowns of complicated processes which is inherently unsafe - and may cause BTa\ET Cle ol1 | ER=Tale R=Tloo [SlT 0o1 i5B An alternative, in some cases, is the use of CYC o)YER aleaR Teall {Te=Tal (1A e LVEF T]e} ~ PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group L, A 2966492 Examples of fluoropolymers in the Chemical Process Industry Types of fluoropolymers and applications PTFE PFA/MFA ETFE ECTFE FEP FKM PVDF CER GIS Vessel liners Pump lining \ELYER: 4 e Mol o= [1g]1N gle] Coating Expansion joints and bellows Filters in flue gas systems Electrolyser in Chlor-Alkali Industry Heat exchangers in power ol E=Ta] de-sulferisation units PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 " " Electronics industry fKleuyorboepnoefliytmserosf < Issues with alternatives . Excellent dielectric properties in combination with other properties, such as resistance to high soldering temperatures and flammability/low smoke are the reasons FLPs are used in a wide = r= Woli=l of ol [{exTo=l 1g FioR Alternatives impact performance and CEE EE = Other materials lack excellent electrical and thermal insulating properties, which are crucial for miniaturisation in electrification and digitalization. (O1ge [HE IWAVIICER-T Taha =Te [Vo] olcTe RCo] handle the high-power consumption and high frequencies of 5G radios and (ofS [EUR= E] L Oa ezo] [] S30= a 0 Mo] (10 [U] gg WoF0]=[5115 and are flammable. 18 PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Examples of fluoropolymers in Electronics Types of fluoropolymers and applications , TM Cabling: * Plenum + USB-C LI Yl T= loro]e[2]1S manufacturing PC casings HF wiring boards IC cushioning \[e]olI[=R{=1[glSo]Tgo=]) antennas 19 PLASTISS Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Semiconductors industry rd fKleuyorboepnoefliytmserosf < + High purity FLPs in semiconductor manufacturing is needed to keep aggressive fluids used in manufacturing ultra pure. It allows larger wafers and, therefore, ever-improving and affordable microchips and LEDs due to higher production yields in semiconductor manufacturing. Issues with alternatives < ILC CR[oR ClaEVER manufacturers want to get to current wafer size. A larger wafer diameter ClaPTol[SER ol (ole [Wedlale Maple{]=R:T=T ppl [edo] lo [lea (oly devices from a single wafer, enhancing productivity and efficiency. If foundries WolU] [oI]|Wel ole [VIo-TN IT o ed gVY1 Z(S=T (e To E-1VA there is no chance they'd be able to support the volume of smart-phones, tablets and PCs. 20 _ PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Examples of fluoropolymers in Semiconductors Types of fluoropolymers and applications Semi-Conductor (ELE=iTglegle Liquid handling SEE WEEHeo ES] 21 PLASTISS Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Medical/Pharma Sector fKleuyorboepnoefliytmserosf < Issues with alternatives F CO ol SS] (WOT Tg Col[oSH of YA go] F=TaY SF=10 pharma packaging Key benefits include: Patient comfort and safety RCT [Vol=Te MTs Qe]fo (olpl-{=t Ie - ([o]TERT le Ry IB] medical complications Higher consistency of dosages, increasing effectiveness and safety of drugs =]Teloof= eVille aIgWS IS RAG EEA} Tissue attachment and cell adhesion without an adverse reaction, reducing the risk of (eo]ugle]l{ez=1ilelg + Alternatives may impact health risks from cross contamination and over- or under-dosage of pharmaceuticals Ll S1TegTo eT= 1o] o)I p IVATEH (S11 [elToo MM(=T1S(11a0To Mla WaolgFo]s) rejection 22 Le PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Examples of Fluoropolymers in Medical/Pharma Types of fluoropolymers and applications Catheters Implants (Stints, arteries, hernia mesh, etc.) Medical garments Packaging Films Equipment and tool lining (VETCETEETo lo [o ETN lg Fol (oT 65 071010 {o]@\Y [=To [Torc1 Ia][=Yetie]) PLASTICS Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Construction Industry fKleuyorboepnoefliytmserosf 2 Issues with alternatives < FLPs have excellent weatherability properties and enhance fire resistance. Roofing systems and exterior coatings that (VEY-W ol=e [ol To] 3211 = 1/0L]o B= [o P= ToWe fo) [a1 a RE=T04 have a very long life. Use of FLPs reduces maintenance cost while maintaining aesthetics throughout the lifetime of the building. PTFE tape is resistant to both petrol and oil due to its chemical inertness. It is used in automotive applications to seal and lubricate fuel line joints. Plumber's lubricating and sealing tape is fo [STTolgT=To to Motolo SRVI=)|IFTole [ST p lole [T= 1 INA R [To] 4] pressure and heat demands. Conventional coatings would require frequent re- =o]ol[[e(tf=oo\AY] oI E=R =AVABIAll S = = 1) {=oI (4 [=] Elo] ol[[e[=ol\a WENO] CE 1 CIM (1 EET RST ORYLE-THEH [STodTahol ol a =H V=Tg0o RTEEMV ET To I [00o Mg EEIM[)VVETS CSS ENTER (R=Te[o [ISSIR (TI SR=Tolo He [fo 10141)! natural gas service, causing leakage. 24 Le PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Examples of Fluoropolymers in Construction aadLS Types of fluoropolymers and applications A - Coated Fabric for Buildings/Roofs Facade and Infrastructure protection Green houses Gas tapes 25 2 PLS Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Energy Segment ii CO I SE - 1CN UEY=To WgWig o8 {oI| RY a ToT \AT[0=g [T=Tgo] fe (U1) to their resistance to high temperatures and ETEReElles] fKleuyorboepnoefliytmserosf < | BSR TCR UE =To Tg {TW (=10 [o1VE=1o[)SR =T5 ET0), Togal=Tal Go] CON = yo)(0)V|/eo=T]eNel|)=f oT= To: = Tg [0 Mi go) a181g [T= extanding service life Lithium batteries binder materials, extending life and fire safety * Fuel cells, resistance to harsh chemicals Issues with alternatives < + In the fossil energy segment, materials that withstand these enviroments less well are sometimes used. This results in more frequent 19(1 o [00113] 5)WT) go][Toz(=Y)e lo](oTel=STSTAVY geda WES inherently unsafe, and may cause unwanted spills and accidents. In the renewable energy segment, alternative materials will influence service life and safety. This increases costs and delays the energy transition 26 es PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 - Examples of Fluoropolymers in Energy Types of fluoropolymers and applications mdaleilelV/re= ][[|oXe=) [[S Li-ion batteries Fuel cells Downhole piping 8]gg]o]l[[or=] Heat exchangers 4 PLAST Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 27 2966492 Food Food Contact Key benefits of fluoropolymers Issues with alternatives < FLPs are primarily used for their low ig[ei(eg]M a lela Ele] (eX \ =I alEe i {] el = 10 [o MT153 clean properties at elevated temperatures, + Other materials can be used, but may result in higher: cleaning costs Fy(S + use of oils 28 PLASTICS Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Examples of Fluoropolymers in Food Contact Applications Types of fluoropolymers and applications Non-stick cookware Baking liners Industrial baking belts Oven coatings [plolels ok-lol[Iealo RillaeES Belt Conveyors [l [NS e aE Mo ELEE I Laser Marked and Printed Tubes for Identification 29 PLS Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Examples of Fluoropolymers in Consumer Applications Types of fluoropolymers and applications Non-stick cookware Baking liners Appliances ((\V[elteA]N Jl CROCE] QTE Watch bands SinElpge]glelgl=tS 30 PLASTISS Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 FPG RMOA AND CURRENT ACTIVITIES ON L=IFTlEmM CYCLE OF OUR PRODUCTS 296649922 RMOA key ta keawaYS PlasticsEurope GREEN DEAL A full PFAS REACH restriction would put at risk key applications that are necessary to ensure competitiveness of the EU industry, as well as the very ambitious goals set forward by the PlasticsEurope Fluoropolymers: FPs, along with their relevant monomers, should be derogated from the PFAS REACH restriction. The use of polymerization aids should also be allowed by regulators to enable continued EU manufacture of FPs. PFAS REACH RESTRICTION PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group PlasticsEurope Fluoropolymers Product Group. INDUSTRY COMMITMENT The industry should commit to efficiently ELLICERR GER LT CIE CI RGR ER EL TET TERT TRG Sl TL TA ER GN pursue R&D programs for the advancement of technologies allowing for the replacement of PFAS-based polymerization aids and their implementation when proven technically REET NCTa 1TalE ER TT TTo RyTo RY 118 PlasticsEurope Fiuoropolymers Product Group EU legislation dealing with industrial emissions and waste should be reviewed and updated to ensure that adequate technical controls are put in place to minimise any risk EU L EG I SLATI 0 N PlasticsEurope Fiuoropolymers Product COMPETITIVENESS It is expected that any regulatory action that may lead to limiting the market access for fluoropolymers could result in the complete relocation of this industry outside the EU. fluorapolymers.plasticseurope.org/ 2966492 Development of data and evidence on fluoropolymers PE OROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group RESPONSIBLE MANUFACTURING END OF LIFE USE PHASE PLC PROJECT 33 2966492 PLASTICS ty THE FLUOROPOLYMER PRODUCTS GROUP COMMITS TO RESPONSIBLE MANUFACTURING PRINCIPLES FPG'S PRINCIPLES 7 BESTAVAILABLE TECHNIQUES Continue to maintain, improve and/or develop Best Available Techniques in the manufacturing processes and management of environmental emissions related to fluoropolymers. The fluoropolymer industry, represented by the PlasticsEurope Fluoropolymer Products Group, is committed to develop and implement innovative solutions to minimize the environmental footprint ic to P p ction and to reduce their potential emissions, based on the Best Available Techniques (BATs). The flucropolymer industry has adopted and will continue to develop new technologies and to invest in R&D to reach this goal. Therefore, the Fluoropolymer Products Group member compa commit voluntarily to the following responsible manufacturing principles. re SE ~~ N CONTAINMENT, CAPTURE & RECYCLE TECHNOLOGIES Continuously improve and develop containment, capture, and recycle technologies to minimize into the from PFAS intentionally and non-intentionally present in fluoropolymers including fluorinated raw materials, process chemicaaildss,as well as by-products. and rT TM SAFE SUBSTITUTION OF PFAS-BASED POLYMERIZATION AIDS Intensify our efforts to investigate and develop R&D programs for the advancement of technologies for the of PFAS-based lion. Where proven aids during feasible, environmentally sound, and viable at an industrial and commercial scale, FPG commits to replace the use of PFAS as polymerization aids. alls ENHANCED RECYCLABILITY AND REUSABILITY ~~~ Continue to proactively work with its downstream users to increase recyclability with and reuse of its products and develop R&D programs in line the objectives of a circular econony. [ =dill I ENSURE WORKERS MINIMAL EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS Continue to minimize the exposure process. levels for workers to chemicals used in the fluoropolymers manufacturing -- . i. i TN MONITOR COMMITMENTS THROUGH THIRD-PARTY ASSESSMENT SYSTEMS Introduce or expand already existing third-party assessment programs to help verify progress in members' commitments. i Each member company takes actions to these responsibl Pp if principles. In addition, the F Products Group aim to progress on these actions by reporting on their achievements. As a first step, the Fluoropolymer Products Group is currently working on a review of wastewater related monitoring activities. The objective is the identification of best practices and possibly recommendations for procedural changes. OPEN AND TRANSPARENT DIALOGUE WITH KEY STAKEHOLDERS Spies Now Continue engage in an open and with to dialogue poli p: and other key 2966492 FPG members have voluntarily committed to responsible manufacturing principles. FPG member companies are working on both individual and joint projects at the trade association level with third party experts to continue to implement FPG responsible manufacturing principles. With the support of the consultancy firm Ramboll, FPG is working on a project of defining a set of implementable and measurable activities to minimize our environmental footprint with respect to the manufacturing of fluoropolymers. A "responsible manufacturing label" could be assigned to the companies that fulfill a certain number of selected activities. The label will indicate that the individual company goes beyond the related minimum legal requirements. = PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Recent work by the industry on PLC shows that the main commercial fluoropolymers meet the criteria to be considered polymers of low concern. The above information is an EMBARGOED MANUSCRIPT submitted for publication. Therefore, we ask you NOT TO CITE OR QUOTE, and this information is for YOUR USE ONLY. In 2018, the Henry et al. paper assessed four fluoropolymers (PTFE, FEP, PFA and ETFE) towards PLC criteria. Over the past two years, the industry has assessed 14 additional commercially available fluoropolymers for performance properties and functionalities. The data of this study show that they satisfy the accepted polymer hazard assessment criteria to be considered polymers of low concern (PLC). The current study in combination with Henry et al. 2018, represent approximately 96% of the global fluoropolymers sold globally in 2021. The article is currently under peerreview and is anticipated be published before the Summer. PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 INCINERATION Concerns related to the disposal of PFAS, are not typically related to fluoropolymers as there is evidence that fluoropolymers such as PTFE do not degrade in the environment or release substances of toxicological or environmental concern. Various studies strongly suggest that PTFE, the most stable fluorinecontaining polymer, undergoes complete thermal decomposition at a temperature of about 800C. Therefore, it is assumed that all other fluorine- containing polymers also thermally decompose completely at a temperature of 800C. Performance Fluoropolymers Partnership under American Chemistry Council is conducting a scientific study on incineration of FPs. Study project aims to identify optimum combustion conditions of FPs to achieve `controlled emissions state' and ensure fluoropolymers get completely mineralized. PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 Landfill FPs are inherently safe, non-mobile, non-bio accumulative and non- toxic. FP waste is chemically inert and, therefore, FPs disposed in landfills do not pose any threat to human health and environment. Recovery & recycling v Solid FP waste is grounded and fed back into the manufacturing cycle of FP products, wherever possible. v One FP manufacturer is operating an Upcycling facility to convert PTFE waste into its monomer. PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492 2966492  PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group S.No. |Industry/Application area |Uses Fluoropolymers used issions [During life [Use segment industrial Professional [Consumer Key Benefits - Why are FLP's used in this Issues of alternatives - what are the trade-offs? [Cost and time of requalification. Impact of performance mpact on End-of-life options [Chemical Process Industry [Gaskets, seals, packing essel liners. pumps alve and pipe lining chemical transfer hose PTFE PFA/MFA ETFE ECTFE Fep tubing coating expansion joints and bellows heat exchangers, Chiorine-Alkaline Electrolysis Cells (UHDE) inlet and outlet Jrubes, gaskets Filter bags FKM during intended use Industrial [In general Fluoropolymers in chemical manufacturing equipment is used to protect steel housing against a harsh chemical environment. As such it prolongs life of equipment, including pipes, fittings etc, prevents spilling of chemicals into the environment and keeps workers safe. ey properties used in general is the continuous service temperature (up to 260C for PTFE) and resistance to harsh chemicals. [in the absence of Fluorpolymer use in harsh [enviroments, materials that withstand these [enviroments less well can be used. It will result in [Risk of spills and the runwanted msissions from [more frequent shutdowns of complicated processes - may which is inherently unsafe - and spills and accidents. cause unwanted lan alternative, in some cases, is the use of high end alloys which significantly drives cost up, and in extreme cases even exotic alloys won't have the required corrosion resistance [Chemical fnanufacturing ites [Chemical industry is highly efficient and added capital cost will probably cause the industry to operate outside EU borders in time. |in general equipmentin (the chemical industry stays over the fin use life of the plants (>30yrs). When [plants are decommissioned, metals lare recycled by scrap dealers. With proper regulation in place, FLP's lcould be seperated as well ffor incineration, lchemical/mechanical recycling Powerplants Desulpherization of powerplant flue gas, heat recovery to improve overall efficiency Generator cooling hose PTFE nozzles high voltage cir cuit-breakers PTFE PFA |FEP during intended use Industrial [Long life of exchanger tubing - as in the case [Any other material is either very expensive or does heat lof chemical plants, frequent shut downs are unsafe|not last long as FLP heat exchangers - thus as and costly. requiring frequent unwanted power plant stops. [For coolant hoses in generator stator winding , cooling PTFE offers no ageing. excellent electrical resistance, no risk of arcing [Higher emissions S02 tothe ftmosphere [These HEX (70-100t/piece) jare easily taken apart and {the FLP could be offered to| lany of the EOL options 2966492 PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group IS.No. [Industry/Application area [Uses [Fluoropolymers used During life Use segment ind ustrial Professional [Consumer [Key Benefits - Why are FLP's used in this impact on ? |Issues of alt: - what are the trade-offs? bili Cost and time of requalification. Impact of performance [End-of-life options Automotive (with ICE) Fuel lines PTFE FEP Hoses Fuel management PFA systems THY Seals & gaskets Oil pan [ETFE Fm IO rings |ABS brake lines Lambda sensor components Break pad wear indicator ire conduits Push-pull cable liner Automotive (with Fuel cell Fuel cells as a land or battery) power source IX membranes fFKm [Battery as power source PTFE PVDF [0 during intended use Ind ustrial [when producing the components, Professional hen installing, Consumer in use Under the hood temperatures of cars are high due to hoise reduction as well as ever increasing fuel economy [turbo chargers, direct injection etc). Also aggressive fynthetic oils are used in break- and other hydraulic ystems. FLP's are required for the combination of its |Alternative materials in most cases increase the weight of the car and averse effect on fuel |economy. As such will increase carbon footprint [Higher carbon footprint igh continuous service temperatures as well as fesistance to aggressive chemicals (oils, Adblue, fuels) ey benefits include Lower quality material replacements will result in |higher maintenance cost and lower car reliability. Better fuel economy from weight saving Increased lifetime of components Improved reliability and lower maintenance costs. Component developemnt and re-qualification are| costly and in general take years. Permits use of alternative fuels IAbout 300 -- 500 grams of FLP is used per car [In general the components used in cars lare small and integrated in complicated lequipment. Seperation is not easy, and lprobably costly. [0 during industrial intended use orofessional 0 during [industrial intended use professional [Fuel sells for use in cars use a FLP membrane as well as FLP seperation gaskets, as the environment is acidic. [The key benefit is longer life and safety in an hydrogen environment. Lower electrical performance which means larger fuel cells for same power output. FC's are competing with the ICE that cost on average around $2500. High efficiency is needed; not clear if that can be reached with alternative [mpact on life [(Circularity) materials Lithium batteries need binder material for the Industry accepts a lower margin of fire safety - Eletrolyte (which is semi liquid). FLP's have proven to be hich will not happen. Extending batterie lifetime. Also FLP's are used as a keperator increasing the safety of (car-) batteries [mpact on life (Circularity) IMembranes are made of PSPVE film on la - grid of PTFE incineration is probably lthe only option will Li-ion batteries be recycled in the future. Seperating the binder material [from the kathede material will be (difficult - but not undoable. 2966492 Industry/ Application S.No. |area Uses [Fluoropolymers used [Emissions During Use Industrial Professional [Consumer Benefits - Why are FLP's used in this what are the ssues of ives - trade-offs? [Cost and time of requalification. Impact of performance impact on inabili PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group [End-of-life options 5 Aerospace Fuel Hoses [PTFE et engines IPFTKFME In-flight PTFE connectivity {Aircraft interior Films [PVF Overhead lbagage bins ealants PTFE PTFE ienn-tfleirgthtainment PTFE cabling Aerospace (contd) |PHeirgfhormance PTFE Aerospace Wires during industrial linten ded use |Overbraided, conductive PTFE hoses are used for aircraft fuel ftransport ta the jet engines. A combination of resistance to heat land to aggressive Jet fluel is the reason FLP's are used. [Aircraft industry is very conservative industry. Proven safe folutionsare hard to replace on designs. current aircraft [Other materials, such as metals, are less heavier, and do safe, ot allow for modern design constructions that vibrate |GHG emissions light weight) [Fuel hoses are relatively easy to take apart and FLP's can e seperated. during linten ded use during fintended use during lintended use 0 during lintended use during intended use Turing finten ded use industrial industrial [professional industrial ional industrial [professional Industrial [professional Industrial lprofessional Industrial i Components seals, hoses and wiring need to withstand as and and greases, extreme temperatures aggressive fuels eight reduction, Reduction in emissions, increased fuel leconomy and Safe aircraft operation [Recent developments enable im proved communication and [internet access in aircrafts with excellent telecommunications the land positioning signals out increasing size/weight of hardware required. This is achieved with cable-based antennas constructed with engineered fluoropolymers and light coaxial cables. [Aircraft interiors (siding) can be coated with a FLP film. This [specific choice bi hree FLP benefits: Fire Safety, leasyclean and non fouling and long life. The FLP has a fire ffect on the i posite structure ABS used for overhead bins contains PTFE for so called anti drip [effect - enhanced fire safety materials weight Other bperation. would increase and or reduce safe Requalification time is lengthy [Other materials be used in coax cables would decrease fire safety to and impact performance. GHG emissions light weight) [GHG emissions light weight) the [There are no films that exhibsiamte combination of Circularity (Longer penefits. Note that once installed the interiors last the liftime of flife) an aoroplane. [Safety: Industry has to accept a lower UL fire class, [GHG emissions light weight) in ealants based on FLP are used extensively aircraft: |- To seal components against moisture or fluids | To provide leak proof against water, fuel and air To improve aerodynamics (minimize and air resistance noise [To protection (avoiding abrasion between improve fretting surfacses due to moveable structure (wing flaps) [Alternatives might be possible, but would require a to the PFAS fom pletely new Kevelopment of the sealant, which might pe not in line with the take years and would i requested. (GHG emissions light weight) [Typical modern aircraft have 150 -- 250 kms of wiring installed. [Opting for conventional insulation systems would increase the [GHG emissions (Airbus 380 has >500 km). Excellent dielectric properties allow forweight of the cable system significantly and would thus increase [light weight) ery thin cables, while the main reason to use FLPs in cable he fuel use. The trade-off here is on safety and GHG emissions. systems is fire safety. in systems increase [The move aerospace mdustry to "Tly-by-wire" whereby [Opting for conventional insulation would the [GHG emissions I manual flight controls are replaced by an electronic weight of the cable system significantly and would thus increase [light weight) system which has as primary benefit weight reduction. PTFE as insulation provides excellent electrical resistance combined with he fuel use. The trade-off here is on safety and GHG emissions. fire resistance and low smoke. fin general the components used in jet engines are small easy, land integrated in complicated equipment. Seperation is hot and probably costly. Jin General wire and cable end-of fie - mainly to extract copper for re-use. FLP's me effort be seperated as well. operations exist could with Jit is relatively difficult to separate films from the the funderlying com posit structure and incineration is best probably the end of life option |mpossible to separate PTFE from the ABS matrix. Incineration isthe only option. Mechanicat recycles has an imp act on the anti-drip effect. Jin wire and cable end-of-life operations exist General - ainly to extract copper for re-use. could with FLP's me effort be seperated aswell. fin General wire and cable endo Ie operations - exist mainly to extract copper for re-use. could with FLP's kome effort be seperated aswell 2966492 PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group Industry/ Application S.No. area uses Fluoropolymers used ons During life se segment | ndustrial professional [consumer |Key - Benefits Why are FLP's used in thi ssues of ives - are trade-offs? what the and time of requalification. Impact of Costerformance mpact on inabili Medical catheter PTFE eadle coatings PCTFE implants: Cardiovascular grafts, PTFE prteries, hernia mesh, stents, ligaments 0 during intended use during intended use 0 during intended use ndustrial professional dustrial professional ndustrial professional [Patient comfort and safety [Afternatives impact comfort and patient safety [Reduced risk of cross-infections and thus medical complications. infections) negatively Higher consistency of dosages, increasing effectiveness and safety of drugs. Less frequent clogging and thus less frequent re- app lication/replacement for the patient (e.g. catheters, tubes). Class VI) Biocompatible (USP afety in deep needle drug injections terials create room for cross. [and biopsies keontamination and material failure _[Inert, compatible with body, no repulsion, life time [Reduced risk of cross-infections and thus medical complications. Increased lifetime of implants reducing risk of failure and risk of replacement. {Allows tissue attachment and cell adhesion without an adverse [For now PTFE seems to be the only proven Inaterial that works well in this application. reaction, reducing risk of complications. End-of-life options incinerated. Separation is not edical waste is already collected separately and of FLP's feasible is edical wasat lreae dy collected separately and incinerated. Separation of FLP's is not feasible Is edical wasat lreaedy collected separately and incinerated. Separation of FLP's is not feasible [Pharmaceutical edical garments films ackaging roducts for medical tere, corrosion resistant fquipment linings and coatings uch as diafrahgm pumps [lined fluid systems PTFE PFA FeP etered dose inhalers coatings edical packaging [capsfor injection doses) EP pra ETFE during intended use during intended use during intended use during intended use Industrial professional dustrial professional dustrial professional ndustrial professional Disease transmission prevention - as a result of non stick properties. to [Easy sterilise before use, [Easy sterilization and thus reduced risk of cross infections |For Easy clean and sterilization - FLP's are used for similar reasons as [the chemical Industry do. used, Other materials, like PE, can be ave the ultimate performance. but do not Other materials, ike PE, can be used, but cannot e cleaned as thoroughly as FLP's Other materials, ike PE, can be used, but cannot [circularity (Longer pe cleaned as thoroughly as easily FLP's annot be re-used. and therefore JOther materials can be used, such as glass. Life of he equipment becomes an issue. |ife) [iircularity (Longer ife) waste edical isalready collected separately and fncinerated. Separation of FLP's is not feasible is edical wasat lreae dy collected separately and ncinerated. Separation of FLP's is not feasible is [Medical wasat lreae dy collected separately and fncinerated. Separation of FLP's is not feasible [Medical waste isalready collected separately and incinerated. Separation of FLP's is not feasible during intended use during intended use industrial professional ndustrial professional j | gE consistedonsacgeys, increasing ef Se of uss [Alternatives may impact and safety of ) and over- pharmaceuticals health risks from cross or under-dosage of tend Higher consistency of dosages, increasing effectiveness and safety of [Alternatives to efther contaminate the drugs. edicine or lack the non stick properties. edical waste isalready collected separately and fncinerated. Separation of is FLP's notfeasible Is edical wasat lreaedy collected separately and ncinerated. Separation of FLP's is not feasible 2966492 PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group d S.No. |area Fluoropolymers Uses used Er Use Ben-eWhfy i aretFLs P's used in this During life industrial rofessional consumer are the Issues of ives - what trade-offs? [Cost and time of requalification. Impact of performance impact on inabil i [End-of-life options [Wire [Electrical/Electronics and cable fer linsulation (plenum leabling (Cat 5-7), lUBS-C, mobile telephony riser leables) Harddisk drives PTFE rales devices PFA PFTE connectors during intended use industrial professional [Excellent dielectric properties in combination with other fproperties are the reasons FLP's are used in a wide area of applications. Specifically Plenum cables are installed in a/c ducs (in US and ports and buildings worldwide) and have to be insulated by lJaFiLrP"s for fire safety (on top of the am reasons) conduits where [Cable of which the jackets can burn, need to be installed in metal possible, increasing the cost significantly In General wire and cable end-of-life mainly to extract copper for re-use. FLP's with kome effort be seperated aswell. operations exist could 0 during intended use industrial during intended use industrial [LP components in hard drives extend life of the parts that igh dielectric strength. need|Alternatives decreases Ifespan of the componentsin which are used by up three times due to the lack of extreme batteries used temperature retsoistance LP's are in the antenna (coax), circuit boards and Lion [Other materials have reduced purity during lfabrication, may lead to cross-talk when operating at high [frequencies they [Greularity [Longer [Electronic waste is increasingly collected separately , life) but separating out the FLP parts is difficult. during intended use industrial |n the effort of extreme miniaturization, small parts with high Wielectric strength are needed. FLP's have a proven track record are [The alternatives to lithium-ion batteries lead acid batteries, which do not contain flucropolymers, They offer reduced in Ioerforman ce notably in terms of energy efficiency and are heavier resulting reduced functionality and increased energy consumption compared to lithium-ion batteries [Equipment will need to become bulkier in order the same to get performance - in some cases where high heat Jdielectric resistance is also needed, replacement will be an issue [Electronic waste is increasingly collected separately , but separating out the FLP parts is difficult. [Gircularity [Longer [Electronic waste is increasingly collected separately , [life] ut separating out the FLP parts is difficult. AF printed wiring boards PTFE PFA Wearable devices [FKM during intended use industrial [Excellent dielectric properties at microwave frequencies, while IPTFE films do not melt during soldering process. |HF boards cannot be made [Electronic waste is increasingly collected separately , but separating out the FLP parts is difficult. during intended use industrial professional consumer used straps. [LP's are in smart watch The value in this [application is longevity and skin compatibility [Alternative materials do not show combination of properties such water as /dust/dirt repellency, chemical inertness and does not casue skin sensitivity and irritation. be [Circularity (Longer [Watch bands can easily collected. Recycling is life) partly possible, but cured rubbers cannot be uncured. 2966492 PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group S.No. [industry/Application area |Uses Fluoropolymers used [Emissions During life Use segment [Key Benef-iWthsy are FLP's used in this [industrial Professional [Consumer application? are the [issues of al - what trade-offs? [Cost and time of requalification. Impact of performance impact on inability [End-of-life options [PFA 5 [Semiconductor and other [Plasma lelectronic manufacturing [machinery Wafer carriers [PTFE PEA HP [Fluid handling [PFA systems [Fab Infrastructure 0 during intended use Industrial [0 during intended use Industrial 0 during intended use Industrial [0 during intended use Industrial [Specifically in semiconductor manufacturing FLP's are [There are no alternatives if manufacturers want to get to wafer diameter lused in fluid handling part of the process where ultra [current wafer size. A larger enables pure types are used with very low leachable content that [producing more semiconductor devices from a single lcan withstand the harsh chemicals used in the etching |wafer, enhancing productivity and efficiency. If foundries [process ould still produce 1 inch wafer today, there is no chance [they'd be able to support the volume of smart-phones, tablets and PCs. [Resistance to harsh chemicals Ipurity - no contamination of wafers, or ultrahigh-purity process fluids [There are no alternatives for this specific use while [keeping the overall yield of IC's per wafer high [High purity PFA is needed to keep fluids used in Imanufacturing ultra pure. It allows larger wafers and ltherefore ever improving and affordable microchips and LEDs due to higher production yields in semiconductor Iman ufacturing. [Manufacturing cost savings (component lifetime increase, lower maintenance cost, lower material lconsumption). [Reduced environmental risk (leak prevention, lower lexposure of workforce to chemicals). [Fluorepolymer articles in water purification, chemical delivery and waste management systems (tank and duct linings, pipes, etc [There are no alternatives if manufacturers want to get to lcurrent wafer size. A larger wafer diameter enables [producing more semiconductor devices from a single |wafer, enhancing productivity and efficiency. If foundries would still produce 1 inch wafer today, there is no chance [they'd be able to support the volume of smart-phones, [tablets and PCs. [See above FLP's from disbanded fabs are collected, cleaned and re-used FLP's from disbanded fabs are collected, cleaned and re-used IFLP's from disbanded fabs are collected, cleaned and re-used FLP's from disbanded fabs are collected, cleaned and re-used 2966492 Industry/Application S.No. [area Uses Fluoropolymers used Emissions During life Key Benefits - Why are FLP's used in this [Use segment|application? (Industrial Professional Consumer go PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group Issues of alternatives - what are the Impact on trade-offs? Sustainability [Cost and time of requalification. Impact of performance [End-of-life options 6 Renewable energy [Photovoltaic |PVDF solar cells ETFE lithium batteries THV ECTFE PTFE PVDF Hydrogen electrolysers coatings for windmill blades PVDF 0 during intended use 0 during intended use 0 during intended use 0 during intended use |Industrial [professional [Industrial |Professional |Industrial |Industrial [professional Photovoltaic cell life is amongst others [influenced by moisture. Performance is reduced significantly when moisure enters the cell. Most cells need a life guarantee of 20 - 30 years in order to to have investment |Alternatives reduce life and reliability of photovoltaic cells. payback vs conventional energy systems. FLP front and backsheets provide that moisure barrier and life time guarantee as well as improved fire safety Lithium batteries need binder material for |Alternative materials increase the [the eletrolyte (which is semi liquid). FLP's have proven to be extending batterie lifetime. Also FLP's are used as a seperator increasing the safety of (car-) batteries [risk of fire and will reduce battery life and charge speeds The production of hydrogen using the electrolyser route requires a FLP membrane, whereas most of the fluid handling syetems This are also FLP. to withstenad a harsh environment and thus extending life. FLP membranes are part of an very [efficient PEM - alternative materials |exist, but are less efficient and less resistant to harsh environments Once constructed it is very costly to take it |down and disassemble for maintenance. FLP coatings make sure blade life is extended |Alternative materials can certainly be used, trade-off is higher imaintenance cost and potentially safety concerns Circularity (Longer life) (Circularity |(Longer life) and GHG emissions |Circularity |(Longer life) [and GHG emissions |Circularity (Longer life) Larger films protecting [the cells are easily removable and could be mechanically recycled Batteries will need to be [recycled if only for rare metal content. Binder material will probably be incinerated. Membranes can be [easily collected separately , but need to be incinerated It is impossible to [separate the coating from the blades and incineration is the route of choice 2966492 PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group S.No. [Industry/Application area [Uses Fluoropolymers used Emissions During fe [Use segment [Key Benefits - Why are FLP's used in this application? ndustrial Professional [Consumer Issues of alternatives what are the [impact on - Sustainability trade-offs? Cost and time of requalification. Impact] of performance [End-of-life options IConstruction/Architechture [Coated fabrics for [PTFE buildings/roofs [facade and PVDF nfrastructure pyr rotection 0 during intended use 0 during intended use Industrial [professional Industrial [professional IFLP's are used in construction because of its excellent weatherability properties and enhanced Fire Performance. IRoofing systems as well as exterior coatings do not stain, avoid lalgae growth and have a very long life. |As such maintenance cost is very low while the esthetics remain lgood through the lifetime of the building. Extending life is an important parameter in the efforts to move towards a Circular economy IFLP's are used in construction because of its excellent |[weatherability properties. Roofing systems as well as exterior lcoatings do not stain, avoid algae growth and have avery long life. |As such maintenance cost is very low while the estetics remain [good through the lifetime of the building. Extending life is an important parameter in the efforts to move towards a Circular economy |alternative materials can certainly be used, trade-off is higher maintenance [cost and potentially safety concerns PTFE coated fabrics are difficult to separate. start Conventional coatings need frequent Jre-appliance and to look dirty [after some time. (Circularity (Longer life) PVDF/PVE are Long vs short life coatings in metal | in the circularity difficult to separate definition [Gas tapes PTFE 0 during intended use Industrial Professional [Consumer [Due to its chemical inertness, PTFE tape is to resistant both petrol[Prior to PTFE, Hemp was used. Hemp [increased leakage land oil. Therefore, it is often used in automotive applications to has lower resistance to aggressive fuelspof GHG gases seal and lubricate fuel line joints. Plumber's lubricating and sealing tape is designed to cope well under moderately high and dries out in natural gas service causing leakage. methane) lpressure and heat demands. [it is relatively easy to separate {the tape from the threads and [treat seperately. i ion/s ing is [probably the best option 2966492 S.No. [Industry/ Food Consumer [Fluoropolymers used [During life Use - [Key Benefits Why are FLP's used in this ication? industrial Professional IConsumer Issues of alternatives - what are the (trade-offs? [Cost and time of requalification. Impact lof performance Impact on i ility PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future p [End-of-life options [Bakeware/Cookware [PTFE FEP pra ind Bakeries - belts [PTFE [0 during intended use I0 during intended use Im this food segment FLP's are used mainly for [their non-stick and easy clean properties -- at elevated temperatures. FLP's also allow for cooking with little or no oil. in this food segment FLP's are used mainly for Jtheir non-stick and easy clean properties -- at elevated temperatures [Certainly possible to cook/bake without FLP lined cook and bake ware. It requires more oil to prevent attachment to the cooking surface (Health) while cleaning time. requires more [Transport belts not coated with FLP; are less easy to dean (hygiene) and bread land bakery tends to stick to the belt. [Higher use of |water for [cleaning |Gircularity (Longer life) [It is difficult to separate coatings from lcook and bake ware. Incineration during lthe iron/aluminium recycling process is leasiest It is difficult to separate coatings, often, [woven glass cloth. Incineration during [the glass recycling process is easiest [Oven and duct coating Wearables [Cell phones Apliances FKM pre FEP PTFE Bicycles/ motorcycles PTFE [Cosmetics Cars PTFE arious [0 during intended use 0 during intended use 0 during intended use I0 during intended use 0 during intended use 0 during intended use 0 during intended use in this food segment FLP's are used mainly for -- [their non-stick and easy clean properties at elevated temperatures See under Electronics Uncoated ducts and ovens need daily time consuming cleaning Higher use of water for cleaning [It is difficult to separate coatings from substrates See under Electronics In this segment FLP's are used in hi temp area's which in some cases are subject to strong surfactants |Alternatives reduce life of the appliance |Circularity (Longer life) Appliances are often collected separately. Taking out the small FLP lparts will be labour intensive [See under automotive JAccording to the web-based International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook (wINCI; Dictionary), these fluoropolymers are reported to have the following functions in cosmetics: bulking agents, slip modifiers, film Formers, viscosity increasing agents, dispersing agents, skin conditioning agents, skin protectants, land hair conditioning agents.1 Most of the ingredients have the film former function in common [See under automotive 2966492 5.1.2e si. Fluoropolymers Product Group PlasticsEurope Website LinkedIn PLASTICS EUROPE Enabling a sustainable future Fluoropolymers Product Group 2966492