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FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1946-1948 DOC IHF064 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION IHF Excerpts from Annual Conference Proceedings i a ee TRANSACTIONS of . ELEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING of a, INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC . NOVEMBER 7 1946 ais t 4 Oy kot TABLE IV Mee A 's MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION VALUES FOR MAXIMUM WHICH GOOD AGREEMENT GOOD AGREEMENT AGREEMENT AGREEMENT EXISTS : . Gases and Vapors : NuNmbuemrber Number Percent ceesesceceeees Substance Agreeing Disagreeing Agreeing M. C. ppm : Acetic acid cccccccscce 3 0 100 10 Acrylonitrle Acrylonitrile Ammonia 12 0 100 20 21 0 100 100 7, Aniline .. " ... 0 100 5 Arsine ... " ... 1 95 1 : : Carbon monoxide ccc cence 27 ? 100 100 Chloroform cece ... ... 1 90 100 oe 4 0 100 20 nitropropane 0 100 400 . Cyclohexane 3 ccc Dichlorobenzene 21 0 100 75 rc 1 1 Dichloroethane 1 0 100 100 1 Dichloroethane 16 0 100 100 Dichloroethyl ether . 13 0 100 15 Dimethylaniline ... 11 aw 0 100 5 Hydrogen chloride .. Hydrogen cyanide .. 24 0 100 10 ... i) 100 20 Hydrogen fluoride 25 0 100 3 : Hydrogen selenide 0 100 0.1 Hydrogen sulfide ..... 26 CHOCHON 100 21 Menochlorobenzene 15 CHOCHON 94 75 L Mononitrotoluene sees Y CHOCHON 100 5 Phosgene 28 100 1 Propyl ether ... CHOCHON 100 500 a : Styrene ... 11 CHOCHON 92 400 Tetrachloroethylene CHOCHON 100 200 Toluene 2 92 200 Trichlorethylene 2 92 200 trial hygiene in this hemisphere has recognized the importance of the sub- ject of codes and has a committee working on the development of a uniform could code one which be adopted by all the states The Industrial Hygiene Division of the U. S. Public Health Service which is intimately concerned with the activities of this Conference as well as with the state agencies administering industrial hygiene is urging the development of a code of the type outlined in the present discussion Such a code will probably take information is information considerable although several years of effort although a considerable amount of information is already at hand for inclusion The main problem as we see it will be to obtain unanimity among the various states It is felt that if such a code is based on scientific fact and is so worded that it takes into consideration the various social and economic aspects of the problem then it should meet with great favor among the state agencies and the public This will be especially true if it is administered in a spirit of cooperation with manage- . ment and labor Toxic Dusts and Fumes Mg Barium peroxide ee 6 ? 100 0.5 Cadmium 24 0 100 0.1 Chlorodiphenyls : : Chronic acid 28E 1 92 0.1 28E 0 100 0.1 = cece cee 1.5 Dinitrotoluene eeee 28E 0 100 Lead occ . 28E 0 100 0.15 Mercury cece essere . 28E 0 100 0.1 Tetranitromethylaniline . 28E 0 100 1.5 Trinitrotoluene ccs 28E 0 100 1.5 Zinc oxide ... 20 1 95 15.0 Asbestos 17 0 100 * ae Parts of substance per million parts of air by volume . Milligrams substance per cubic meter of air ~ Millions of particles of substance per cubic foot of air = 79 78 i must interpretation If not there are many in the public who are all too ready to supply an unfavorable interpretation Whatever you do you interpreted as managing with remember that Industrial Hygiene must be a heart MR MCMAHON I would like to ask Mr. Stock what are the social responsibilities that the public seems to expect from the plant eoxftent large this MR STOCK When we asked the citizens in a number representative communities What should a plant do for its employees the very first idea that comes into their mind is security To a word public Security is just a nice tasting word to the American having no meaning But a fairly large portion of the public use the word jobs A Sspeecciufricity to mean good working conditions healthful and safe industrial to third of the general public mention specifically that good plants should provide for their employees clean places to work light- good vendlation showers good drinking water safety devices of all MR MCAHON I may ask one more question what do you find is telling ? Y in the formula of telling the story STOCK 48 companies companies public vote in lived about am glad you asked that Recently in a study of we made a comparison of the top 12 and the bottom 12 in their their communities We found that all top 12 in public vote right interpreted their living right The management of bother to interpret their good acts None older than the bottom 12 had ever had a eleten had had one or more strikes within the 10 years We have studied numerous examples of the pay of adding good interpretation to good acts Notably we have observed cases where strikes have shortened production increased and costly turnover cut down Mr. Given has pointed out that when people know that a plant they place to work they want to work there This has tremendous that's trying to hire and keep the most qualified workers 22 SUMMARY OF FIELD STUDIES AND RESEA-R1C94H7 THEODORE F. HATCH Research Director Industrial Hygiene Foundation President American Industrial Hygiene Association Field research undertakings by the Foundation during the past year have exceeded the work of previous years in magnitude and scope as well as in the number of projects Studies have covered a wide variety of representative industrial problems ranging from investigation of underground operation to measurements of amounts and composition of wastes discharged from stacks A few undertakings were routine in nature requiring the use of highly standardized procedures for the correction of recognized hazards For the most part however the studies have been more basic even requiring entirely new procedures and having to do with broader problems than the simple discovery and correction of a hazardous exposure This is best indicated by the following list which summarizes briefly the primary objectives of some major projects SUMMARY OF PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF SPECIAL PROJECTS 1947 . Coordination of dust control procedures industry 2 Over appraisal of industrial health problems and advice on organization and operation of industrial hygiene service by ; company 3 Preliminary investigations of new dust and fume problems to develop the needed research program for further study 4 Basic engineering analysis of operations with Engineering Department to develop sound design procedures for ventilation and other control measures in place of empirical practices 5 Over study of operations in a chemical plant to provide the most effective layout and design of a new plant and equipment for maximum built control of hazardous materials 6 Development of an operator training program basic control measures and a continuous sampling and alarm system for a toxic gas which characteristically escapes accidentally rather than as a daily occurrence 7 Basic investigation of radiant heat in a hot industry to determine the primary sources and pattern of exposure with a view to the development of more effective control measures and further improvement of working conditions Further investigation of silicosis hazards and other dust expo- sures to provide more meaningful methods for distinguishing between hazardous and nuisance dusts and to give more meaning to occupational history as an essential aid in the diagnosis of chest ray films Industry Studies Of expecial interest in our report last year was the number of projects undertaken on an industry basis Investigations of this type account procedure for even larger portion of the work this year The is entirely an of the which is to Foundation in keepinignduwsittrhialthheeaulntdhetrhlryoinugghftuhnectjiooinnt effort of its members Further- and promote are greater when investigations are planned under- more the returns An outstanding feature taken on the broader base of a joint undertaking of an industry study the advisory technical committee from the industry which is set up to take part in the planning of the investigation detailed selecting the plants for study reviewing the data and collecting information from the several plants in the group There is greater utili- zation of the accumulated experience within industry in respect to a common opportunity problem In a single investigation there is little to utilize this experience What is more important it fisornoctomppoasrsiibsloen toanbdricnrgititchael veavraileud- experiences of different plants together ation when plant studies are conducted separately The significance of these joint undertakings extends far beyond the exchange enhanced value of the studies themselves The free of exper- details iences chemical and engineering data and even of manufacturing which has taken place in each case is a tribute to the sound policy processes and the high objectivity of the companies involved Potters Foundation the Mention has been made previously of the extensive studies conducted during the past three years This year the was in potteries the U.S. Association for the invited to visit all of the companies in of correlating the dust control work in that industry Recently Insti- purpose conducted a Clinic on dust problems here at the Mellon Association of which was to discuss in detail considerable tute the primary purpose the dust control practices throughout the industry Other industries may find this a worth while procedure and the Foundation will welcome the opportunity to assist in such meetings Expenditures for Greatest Good health Industrial hygiene is concerned with relationships between the of environment the worker and the stresses of his job and of the industrial The actual practices of industrial hygiene are based upon the assumption borne out by research and experience that these relationships can be ex- industrial terms That is to say the of the effects pressed in quantitative health can be determined from quantitative environment upon the workers of the levels of exposure to offending substances or other measurements 24 deleterious forces present in the environment The factual and objective basis of industrial hygiene not only justifies its existence as a technical specialty but is of the greatest practical value since so far as possible it aims to substitute facts for opinions By means of quantitative analysis major health problems are distinguished from minor ones Important sources of trouble are identified so that in the health program money and effort can be expended for the greatest good A formidable array of instruments and analytical techniques have been developed which are capable of measuring environmental factors with considerable precision An equally extensive list of standards of permissible exposure have been proposed which make it possible in the appraisal of working conditions to determine whether or not health hazards exist These developments are the result of many years of research in the laboratory and in industrial plants The record of accomplishments in the practical solution of health problems in industry through the use of quantitative methods speaks for itself and accounts for the increasing numbers of industrial hygiene services being set up within industry Because of the excellent record of accomplishment there is danger that industrial hygiene methods may become too standardized and acquire a degree of scientific sanctity not justified by the researches upon which they are based This can be avoided only by constant critical review of the procedures and standards and continuing research Only in this way can the practical usefulness of industrial hygiene be extended and strengthened Research Needs Research needs are emphasized by our day plant experiences where situations are repeatedly encountered which differ in many ways from those considered in the original studies upon which existing standards are based The question constantly arises therefore as to the universal applicability of standards and procedures The following examples may be taken from the work this year 1 Shaver's disease is a pulmonary disease caused by fumes from the fusing of bauxite in electric furnaces for the production of synthetic abrasive The causative ingredient in the fume is not known Fume particles are microscopic in size and cannot be studied properly by analytical methods in common use 2 Asbestos dust exposures preliminary study of asbestos dust exposures using the electron microscope and other advanced techniques indicates the need for considerable further study of this problem and the development of new analytical techniques 3 Silicosis the many years of study of this disease much remains to be learned Present criteria of the silicosis hazard are limited to the simple determination of dust concentrations and percentage of free silica in the dust Little is understood about the importance of microscopic particles not revealed by present analytical methods no consideration is given to the possible influence of ingredients other than silica in a mixed dust variation in the physical state of the borne dust which may alter the fate of the dust in the respiratory system is not now taken into consideration Experienced roentgenologists emphasize 25 nies SUMMARY OF ENGINEERING CONFERENCE PROF PHILIP DRINKER Harvard School of Public Health Chairman Engineering Committee Industrial Hygiene Foundation first Engineering Conference was held in 1945 and at that we had approximately 60 persons present from various member companies In In 1946 we had about 80 and yesterday we were just over 100. The inter- est in the topics was very intense and I for one feel confident that these Conferences of our enginering engineering group are an assured affair and will occupy a major place in the interests of the engineering personnel of our various member companies first topic was on community atmospheric pollution Our interest in that is naturally somewhat different from that of the Legal Committee although aallthotugh hough we do overlap in some measure One engineering aspect was presented very ably by Mr. Kane of American Air Filter Company who from considered it from the standpoint of the interests of clients in the purchas- ing of dust collecting apparatus and in that way developed some very inter- esting technical information Mr. Hemeon presented it from a slightly different different aspect aspect and and the the general general general discussion which ensued brought out still other points The next topic on roof ventilators ventilators elicited some interesting discussions and was well summarized by Mr. Mr. Hemeon who pointed out that the interest in these roof ventilators was primarily on heat dissipation from intermittent operations operations and dissipation of heat which would be relatively uncontaminated uncontaminated from air impurities The development of roof ventilators their performance and design design and installation was an important part of the general discussion Supersonic Measures for Dust and Fume Control The next talk was on the supersonic agglomeration of dusts and fumes representative Ultrasonic Corporation of Cambridge Mass He plant work that they are now doing in carbon Texas Upon being questioned by Mr. Tony of of us interested in metallurgical problems he stated which holds considerable promise through the offices of the Foundation er directly through the Ultrasonic Corporation in Cambridge After lunch Mr. Hatch presented general topics on exposure to industrial heat and improved methods for appraisals of heat exposures and following that was an interesting exhibition with some practical data by Held November 19 40 Mr. Dunn of Corning Glass Company on an conditioned suit intended particularly for protection against high radiant temperatures Details of that suit I am sure would be supplied by Mr. Dunn of the Corning Company The paper which followed was one of a general discursive and discus- sion nature in which everybody entered on procedures by which the engineering divisions of companies could be brought into the industrial ventilation picture When there are problems in industrial ventilation dust control and the like the plea was made that every effort be made to bring the proper engineering division of the company in question into the picture and not to have it handled by some other division which might very well be interested but not interested wholly from the engineering point of view The final talk was on dust valves gates feeders and specialized equipment in which a question and answer forum was held that interested all the members greatly 41 Fad Ey y Transactions of THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA Inc. November 18 1948 . SUMMARY OF CERAMIC CONFERENCE at Chairman M. W. Thompson General Manager and Treasurer of & Hall China Company and a member of the Foundation's Board of Trustees opened the meeting with an explanation for this conference as the first ceramic meeting undertaken by the Foundation He re- = viewed briefly the events leading up to this meeting and expressed the belief that if it were successful it might become a regular feature of the yearly meetings He introduced Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Division of Illinois Glass Company Toledo Ohio as the moderator an, HEN Agenda I- Compensation for Dust Diseases MRE Theodore C. Waters Chairman of the Foundation's Legal he Committee Pe Mr. Waters first discussed partial disability for silicosis he occupational GetNOMS stated that 39 states have disease laws and they are divided on the question as follows 22 provide limited compensation for partial disability 17 allow none and 3 limit the payment of oer compensation for partial disability to a minimal finding of 33 panes Pets, disability In almost all states some measure of wage loss is used as a basis for determining partial disability In New York disability is briefly classified as inability to earn wages Dr. George Wright of the Saranac Laboratory conducted some exprimentsexperiments on the evaluation of partial disability It was his con- Sef Set clusion that there is to date no sound medical evaluation method for determiningdetermining partial disability from silicosis In cases of simple uncomplicated silicosis the employee though exhibiting lung changes suffers no loss of wages this man should stay in his regular occupation He does have a demonstrable injury but has had no disability Some suits for partial disability have been filed at common law in and New York Pennsylvania Utah but have been refused The ques- tion has been referred to the Supreme Court but no opinions have been handed down Labor is making repeated demands for legislative changes to allow compensation for silicosis in all stages Three states have set up injury funds for the payment of partial disability benefits An exam~-ple cited was West Virginia in which state the compensation statutes * Held at Webster Hall Hotel Pittsburgh November 19 1948 42 have established silicosis in three separate stages and made a compensation evaluation of each 1. First detectableray but no disability Compensation allowed in the amount of 800.00 other claims barred 2. Capacity for work impaired Compensation allowed in the amount of 1600.00 and other claims are barred 3. Silicosis complicated with tuberculosis and disability Full compensation benefits allowed The state commission retains jurisdiction over all claims which can be reopened on showing of changed conditions Mr. Waters expressed the opinion that payment for partial disability is impractical and advanced the following reasons in support f his statements 1. It is impossible to medically evaluate disability Is the worker disabled b How much . Compensation should not be paid until there is a wage loss The employer's liability should be terminated within reasonable time New York state is conducting an extensive investigation of the question but no changes have been written into the statutes as yet Mr. Waters feels that with 44 states in legislative sessions in 1949 many such bills will be presented and of course some will be passed Questions from the floor Question Can lung function tests be used Answer Mr. Waters is not familiar with lung extent function to the where he can answer this question testing Question Was asked his opinion of the compromise settlement system used in Missouri Answer Is against compromise settlements he since feels that neither liability nor rights should be bartered away Dr. Paul Bovard added to the answer of the first question that lung function tests are not standard as yet and do not offer conclusive medical information Mr. T. F. Hatch Research Director of Industrial Hygiene Foundation had no opinion to offer on this question 43 : - ee : 34 nee a Thursday April 23 3:30 Practical Aspects of Fluid BalancRaleph Homann M.D. Los Angeles 7:30 Committee Chairmen's Breakfast Meeting Cleve- * Pinto Den- 4:00 Arsenic Trioxide in Smelting Industry Mc Gill M.D. Tacoma Wash and Sherman , M.D. , land Room 9:00 Section Meeting - Medicine Studio Room EM- BASSY AUDITORIUM John C. Ruddock M.D. Associate Clinical Profes- Chairman of Southern California and sor of Medicine University Medical Director Richfield Oil Company Los Angeles 00-10 Symposium on Pneumoconioses - James H. Sterner M.D. Moderator Pathology of the Pneumoconioses with Reference to Etio- \ logy and Pathogenesis J. Vorwald M.D : minutes The Place of the Roentgenogram in Pulmonary Dust Di- seases with Special Reference to Diagnosis and Disability Evaluation Rutherford Johnstone M.D minutes ver Colo 4:30 Contact Dermatitis Its Relation to PetroleumPetroleum Pro-ProNelson P. Anderson M.D. Los Angeles Thursday April 23 9:00 Section MeetinSgurgery AssemblyAsembly Room EM-EMBASSY AUDITORIUM Chairman John E. Kirkpatrick M.D. San Francisco California 9:00 General Treatment of BurnLs ouis T. MMore oore M.D. Pedro Calif Angeles 9:30 Surgery of Burns and Soft Tissue TraumaTrauma to Head and Mertin Hatch M.D. Los 10:00 Urological Disorders Angeles Los Urological Influences J. Crane M.D. Los Angeles Orthopedic Influences W. Blanche, M.D., Angeles Neurologic Influences W. Jones M.D. San Francisco Diatomaceous Reginald Smart M.D minutes Pneumoconiosis in Soft Coal Workers L. Friedman M.D. minutes Pulmonary Function Studies and Physiologic Management in the Pneumoconioses L. Motley M.D. minutes Practical Prophylaxis for Pulmonary Dust Disease Lloyd E. Hamlin M.D. minutes Physiologic Therapy and Rehabilitation Gordon M.D. minutes Introduction to Problem - James H. Sterner M.D. 11:30 Initial Management Chest InEjlurmyer C. RiRgigbbyy M.D. Los Angeles 12:15 Recess for Lunch 1:30 Surgery Primary Angeles Boyes M.D. Los Primary Michael Mason M.D. Chicago Ill Secondary Repair Reconstructive Surgery Bunnell M.D. San FranSumation by Written Questions for Discussion Kirkpatrick Francisco John E. Kirkpatrick M.D. San PaneSulmmation Summation by by 3:15 Intermission 3:30 Uniform Evaluation of Joint FunPcaticonkarPackard d Thurber Sr. M.D. Los Angeles 4:00 Displaced Fracture of Ankle and HeHeeel lErnest Bur- minutes gess M.D. Seattle Wash Berylliosis E. Tebrock M.D. minutes 10:15 Panel Discussion 10:45 Intermission Kirk- 4:30 Resume of Day's PrProgroam gramChairman John Kirk- patrick M.D. San Francisco Room 6:30 American Industrial Banquet State Hygiene AssociatAsisoocniation 11:00 Coronary Disease in Industry Garnett M.D. Los Angeles 7:30 p.m. American Association of Banquet Biltmore Hotel Industrial Nurses Discussant George C. Griffith M.D. Pasadena Calif 12:15 Recess for lunch me 1:30 p.m. Job The Employee and Peptic Sidney S; A. Portis M.D. Chicago Ill 2:00 Traumatic Pretraumatic Personality FacJohn D. Moriarty M.D. Los Angeles 2:30 Diabetes Relation to Industry Soskin M.D. Beverly Hills Calif 3:00 Intermission Friday April 24 8:00 Plant Tours * 12:15 Plant Tours * and 12:15 buses will leave the Statler hotel at 8:00 a.m. 1. North American Aviation, Inc. 2. Hughes Aircraft United * These tours are available avilable only to those of United States citizenship ! INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION be i4 | Facilities Services Membership Officers Committees | | Staff 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH PITTSBURGH 13. PA 31 INDUSTRIAL MEDICALMEDICAL ASSOCIATION THIRTY ANNUAL MEETING Los Angeles California April 20-24 1953 * Panel Discussion on Human Relations Problems in ; Industrial Medicine Moderator John L. Norris M.D. Rochester New York 1. How We Stand in Industrial Relations Edward S. Hochuli Manager Industrial Relations General Petroleum Corporation Los Angeles minutes Job 2. Improving Relations Ted Karl Sales Analysis Institute San Francisco California minutes GENERAL CHAIRMAN F. Wilkins M.D. General Chairman J. W. Shilling M.D. 3. Resentment an Obstacle to Christopher Leggo M.D. Crockett California minutes Program Chairman P. Luongo M.D. 4. Summation Discussion and Recommendations as to Hospital Clinics Chairman S. Haft M.D. Future Action Necessary Norris Panel and Audi- sear Banquet Chairman Frees M.D. ence minutes Svcs on American Foundation of Occupational * 4:30 Report Robert Collier Page M.D. New York City Monday April 20 00-11 Private Group Meetings Symposium Problem Drinking in Industry- Registration ..... a scientific program under joint sponsorship of Committee * on Problem Drinking Industrial Medical Association and Tuesday April 21 Western Industrial Medical Association Los Angeles Room 30-11 District Counselors Breakfast Meeting Cleve- Chairman Christopher Leggo M.D. President Western land Room 9:00 a.m. Hospital Clinics Los Angeles County General Hospital Medical and Surgical Clinics Coordinator Stanley S. Haft M.D. Los Angeles Rehabilitation by Plastic Surgery Presentation of cases before and Harold I. Harris M.D. Los Angeles30 minutes plus 5 minutes discussion and question period The Early Clinical Appraisal of William S. Kiskadden M.D. Los Angeles minutes plus 5 minute dis- cussion and question period . Trauma of the Abdomen R. Thomas M.D. Los - Angeles minutes plus 5 minute discussion and ques- : tion period The Problem of Fluid Balance in Medicine and Surgery- Ralph E. Homann M.D. Los Angeles minutes plus - Industrial Medical Association Special Speaker George N. Thompson Jr. M.D. Associate Clinical Professor Neurology and Psychiatry University of Southern California Title Therapeutic Management of the Alcoholic Em- ployee Report and Panel Discussion by Scientific Committee on Problem Drinking I.M.A. Practical discussion of actual problems R. G. Bell M.D. Chairman Medical Director Shadow Brook Health Foundation Willowdale Ontario Canada R. F. Buchan M.D. Director of Employee Health Prudential Life Insurance Co. Newark N. J. W. H. Cruickshank M.D. Medical Director Bell Telephone 5 minute discussion and question period Intramedullary Fixation of Fractures Film on the =: Intramedullary Fixation of Fractured Femur with Com- <". plete End Stanley S. Haft M.D. Los Angeles-; 30 minutes plus 5 minute discussion and question period ;~: Note Members will arrange own transportation in groups 30-2 Visits to Exhibits 2:30 OPENING SESSION Golden State Room A. Opening Ceremonies Presiding G. F. Wilkins M.D. Conference General 2 C1.haGirrmeaentings Fletcher M. Bowron Mayor of Los ge Angeles 2. Greetings A. Irvin M.D. President Industrial : Medical Association 3. Industrial Medicine As It Looks to Man- agement Reese Taylor President of Union Oil Co. of Canada Montreal Quebec J. S. Felton M.D. Medical Director Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tenn J. F. Jellema M.D. Medical Director Fisher Body Divis ion General Motors Corporation Grand Rapids Mich C. M. McGill M.D. Medical Director Tacoma Smelter American Smelting & Refining Co. Tacoma Wash Sherman S. Pinto M.D. Medical Director American Smelt- ing & Refining Co. Denver Colo James I. Roberts M.D. Medical Director New England Power Co. Boston Mass J. W. Shilling M.D. Medical Director Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. Los Angeles Calif B. L. Vosburgh M.D. Medical Director General Electric Company Schenectady N. Y. Company Los Angeles