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APPENDIX C TEST DATA - FOAM ON TOP OF JP-5 AR 25C
C-l
US00003151
Fig. C I- Mass data irt tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansin ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 28mm.
fm10180.dat
IEG-J 10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Time [sec]
Fig. C2- Foam tempentture in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansin ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 28mm.
1600
C-2 US00003152
fm10180.dat
Fig. C3- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 28mm.
fm10180.dat
Fig. C4- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 28mm.
C-3
US00003153
fm10180.dat
Fig. C5- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio-- 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 28mm.
fm10180.dat
Time [sec]
Fig. C6- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height^ 28mm.
C-4 US00003154
2B.0000001
fm10180.dat
27.9999999
E 27.9999998
E 27.9999997
27.9999996
27.9999905
27.9999994
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Time [sec]
Fig. C l- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 28mm.
fm10180.dat
0 .0 0 0 0 0 1 2
0.000001
0.0000008 E DC 0.0000006 co O 0.0000004
0,0000002
- 0.0000002
200 400 600 600 1000 1200 1400 1600 Time [sec]
Fig. C8- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 28mm.
C-5 US00003155
Fig. C9- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 68mm.
fm10181.dat 25 --------------------------
X Fue! O 0 mm 25 mm + 50 mm * 100 mm
5 --
0 -t-- -
-
0 too
-
-
200
,
300
............................ ......................................... ...................................................................................................................................
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Time [sec]
Fig. Cl 0- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3,3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 68mm.
C-6
US00003156
fm10181.dat
Fig. C ll- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height^ 68mm
fm10181.dat
Fig. Cl 2- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height-- 68mm.
C-7
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Drain Rate per Unit Area [kg/(s m2)]
- 'T0
fm10181.dat
Cl 3- Drain rate "versus Foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height - 68mm.
fm10181.dat
Time [sec] Fig. C14- Effective heat o f vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C, Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 68mm.
C-8 US00003158
Heat of Gasification [kJ/g]
68.0000025
fm10181.dat
68.000002
68.0000015
o 68.000001
X
Ero
uo. 68.0000005
68
67,9999995
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Time [sec)
Fig. C 15- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 68mm.
fm10181.dat
-0.0000005 - 0.000001
a: -0.0000015 co
- 0.000002
-0.0000025
E -0.000003
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1C30
-0.000004
-0.0000045
Time [sec]
Fig. Cl 6- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 68mm.
09
US00003159
Fig. 0 7 - Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ration 3.3, irradiance^ OkW/m2, initial foam height= 93mm.
fm10182.dat
10
100 200
400 500 600 700 800 Time [sec]
Fig. Cl 8- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initia! foam height= 93mm.
900
I C-10
US00003160
fm10182.dat
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 BOO 900 Time [sec]
Fig. C l9- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 93mm.
fm10182.dat
Fig. C20- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height- 93mm.
C -ll
US00003161
fm10182.dat
Fig. C 2I- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance=0kW/m2, initia! foam height= 93mm.
fm10182.dat
Time Isec] Fig. C22- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 93mm.
C-12 US00003162
fm10182.dat
Time [sec] Fig. C23- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ration 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 93mm.
fm10182.dat
Time [sec] Fig. C24- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.3, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 93mm.
C-13 US00003163
Fig. C25- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.08, irradianee= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
Fig. C26- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.08, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-14
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fm10300.dat
Fig. C27- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.08, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10300.dat
Fig, C28- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 5.08, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
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fm10300.dat
Fig. C29- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.08, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
fm10300.dat
Fig. C30- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20. Test conditions: expansion ratio 5.08, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-16
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fm10300.dat
30
Fig. C31 - Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.08, irradiance^ 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10300.dat
Fig. C32- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.08, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
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Fig. C33-M ass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 3.98, irradiance20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
Fig. C34- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio 3.98, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50rmn.
C-18
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fm10301.dat
Fig. C35- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.98, irradiance= 20kWi'm2, initial foam height3 50mm,
fm10301.dat
Fig. C36- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions; expansion ratio--3.98, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-19
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fm10301 .dat
Fig. C37- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.98, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm 10301 dat
Fig. C38- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.98, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam beight= 50mm.
C-20 US00003170
fm10301.dat
Fig. C39- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.98, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10301.dat
Fig. C40- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3,98, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam heighl= 50mm.
C-2I US00003171
Fig- C41 - Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio " 2.66, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
Fig. C42- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.66, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 75mm.
C-22
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fm10302.dat
0 20 40 60 80 100 T20 Time [sec]
Fig. C43- Drain rate in tests witb foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.66, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm 10302.dat
Fig. C44- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--- 2.66, inadiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
023
US00003173
fm10302.dat
Fig. C45- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.66, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam beight= 75mm.
fm10302.dat
Fig. C46- Effective heat o f vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio 2.66, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-24 US00003174
fm10302.dat
Time [sec] Fig. C47- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.66, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm10302.dat
Time tsec] Fig. C48- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.66, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-25 US00003175
Fig. C49- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.11, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
Fig. C50- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.11, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
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fm10304.dat
Fig. C51- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ration 4.11, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10304.dat
Fig. C52- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.11, irradiance^ 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
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fm10304 dat
Fig. C53- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.11, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
Fig. C54- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.11, irradjance= 35kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
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fm10304.dat
Fig. C55- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.11, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm 10 3 0 4 .d a t
Fig. C56- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.11, irradiance=35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
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Fig. C57- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.13, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 50mm.
Fig. C58- Foam temperature in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.13, irradianee= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm,
C-30
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fm10305.dat
Fig. C59- Drain raie in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4,13, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm1Q305.dat
Fig. C60- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--4.13, irradiance=35kW/ni2, initial foam height= 50mm.
031
US00003181
fm10305.dat
Fig. C61- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.13, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10305.dat
Fig. C62- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio-- 4.13, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-32 US00003182
fm10305.dat
Fig. C63- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.13, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10305.dat
Fig. C64- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.13, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-33 US00003183
Fig. C65- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.68, jrradianee= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
Fig. C66- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.68, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-34
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35kW/m2, initial foam heights 75mm.
Fig. C68- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 2.68, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-35
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fm10306.dat
Fig. C69- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.68, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
Fig. C70- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.68, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
I C-36
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fm10306.dat
Fig. C71- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.68, irradianee= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm10306.dat
Fig. C72- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio-- 2.68, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 75mm.
037 US00003187
Fig. C73- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.38, irradiance^
50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
.
Fig. C74- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.38, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-38
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fm11030.dat
Fig. C75- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ration 2.38, irradiance50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm11030.dat
Fig. C76- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.38,
irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
jf
C-39
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fm11030.dat
Fig. C77- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.38, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initiai foam height^ 25mm.
Fig. C78- Effective heat o f vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.38, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
I C-4G
US00003190
fm11030.dat
Fig. C79- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--2.38, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
fm11030.dat
Fig. C80- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio-- 2.38, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-41 US00003191
fm 11031.dat
+ Mass drained Mass evaporated A Mass in pan Mass Batance
Time Isec]
Fig. C81- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ration 2.81, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
Fig. C82- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.81, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height3 25mm.
C-42
US00003192
fm11031.dat
Fig. C83- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.81, iriadiance= 50kW/nv2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
fm11031.dat
Fig. C84- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--2.81, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam heights 25mm.
C-43
US00003193
fm 1 1031.dat
Fig. C85- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.81, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initia! foam height= 25mm.
fm11031.dat
Fig. C86- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.81, inadiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-44 US00003194
fm11031.dat
Fig. C87- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.81, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
fm11031.dat
I Fig. CSS- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.81, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm. C-45 US00003195
Fig. C89- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.04, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam beight= 50mm.
Time [sec] Fig. C90- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.04, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-46
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fm tt032.dat
Fig, C91- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.04, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm11032.dat
Fig. C92- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.04, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
I C-47
_
US00003197
fm11032.dat
Fig. C93- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.04, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initiai foam height= 50mm.
fm11032.dat
Fig. C94- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.04, inradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-48 US00003198
fm11032.dat
Fig. C95- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.04, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm11032.dat
Fig. C96- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 3.04, irradiance^ 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-49 US00003199
Fig. C97- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam beight= 75mm.
Fig. C98- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-50
US00003200
fm11033.dat
Fig. C99- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm 1 1033.dat
Fig. Cl 00- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 75mm.
C-51
US00003201
fnrrU033.dat
Fig. Cl 01- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height^ 75mm.
fm11033.dat
Fig. Cl 02- Effective heat o f vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height^ 75mm.
C-52 US00003202
Fm1t033.dat
Fig, Cl 03- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initit foam height= 75mm.
fm 1103 3 .d at
Q.
Q
X
E
Fig. Cl 04- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 2.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
I C-53
US00003203
Fig. C l05- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.67, irradiance= OkW/niZ, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10200.dat 25 --------------------------
X Fuel
OO mm 25 mm + 50 mm * 100 mm
5
0 ---- . r
,
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Time [sec]
Fig. C106- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.67, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam heights 25mm.
C-54 US00003204
fm10200.dat
Fig. C107- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.67, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
fm10200.dat
Fig. C l08- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.67, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 25mm.
C-55
US00003205
fm10200.dat
Fig. Cl 09- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C- Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.67, irradiance^ 0kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 25mm.
fm10200.dat
Time [sec] Fig. C l 10- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.67, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-56 US00003206
fm10200.dat
Time [sec] Fig. Cl 11- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.67, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10200.dat
Time [sec] Fig. C 112- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.67, irradiance= QkW/m2, initial foam heighf= 25mm.
C-57 US00003207
Fig- Cl 13- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.98, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam beigbt= 50mm.
Fig. C l 14- Foam lemperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.98, ijTadiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 50mm.
C-58
US00003208
fm10201.dat
Fig. CJ15- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.98, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height^ 50mm.
fm10201.dat
Fig. CI 16- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--4.98, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
t C-59
US00003209
fm10201.dat
T4.n980,CiIrr1a7d'iaDnrcaei=n 0raktWe V/merS2U, Sinfi0tiaaml fmoaamSShienigtehstt=s W50imthmfo. am on JP"5 at 20C- Tcst conditions: expansion ratio= fm10201.dat
Fig. C l 18- EiFective heat of-vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 4.98, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height=50mm.
C-60 US00003210
fm10201.dat
Time [sec] Fig. Cl 19- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 4.98, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10201.dat
Time [sec] Fig. C l20- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio-- 4.98, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 50mm.
C-61 US00003211
Fig. C 12I- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.45, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
Fig. Cl 22- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.45, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-62
US00003212
fm10203-dat
Fig- C123- Drain rate in tests with foam on TP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.45, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam beight= 75mm.
fm10203.dat
Fig. C124- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.45, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
f C-63
US00003213
fm10203.dat
Fig. C125- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.45, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height^ 75mm.
fm10203.dat
Time [see] Fig. C126- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ration 5.45, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-64 US00003214
fm10203.dat
Time [sec] Fig. 0 2 7 - Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.45, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height^ 75mm.
fm10203.dat
Time [see] Fig. Cl 28- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.45, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height=75mm.
C-65 US00003215
Fig. Cl 29- Mass data in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.37, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
Fig. Cl 30- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.37,
irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
.
C-66
US00003216
fm10261.dat
Fig. C13I- Drain rate in lests with foam on .IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions; expansion ratio= 5.37, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
fm10261.dat
Fig. C132- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 5.37, irradiance= 20k'W/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-67
US00003217
fm 10261 .dat
Fig. C133- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.37, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
Fig. C I34- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.37, irradiances 20kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mro.
C-68 US00003218
fm10261.dat
Fig. C135- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--5.37, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10261.dat
Fig. C136- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio5.37, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-69 US00003219
Fig. C137- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.12, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mtn.
Fig. C138- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.12, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-70
US00003220
fm10262.dat
Fig, C139- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.12, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10262.dat
Fig. C l40- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.12, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-71
US00003221
fm10262.dat
Fig. Cl 43 - Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6,12, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10262.dat
Fig. C142- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.12, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 50mm.
C-72 US00003222
fm10262.dat
Fig. Cl 43- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.12, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10262.dat
owJ' E
E IX
c
o
.Oc) x E
o
Fig. Cl 44- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.12, irradiance=20kW/m2, initial foam heighi= 50mm.
C-73 US00003223
fm 10273.dat
+ Mass drained Mass evaporated A M ass in pan Mass Balance
Fig. C145- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion raiio= 5.16, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height^ 75mm.
Fig. C146- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--5.16, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-74
US00003224
fm10273.dat
Fig. C l47- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP o at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.16, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm10273.dat
Fig. C148- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.16, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm,
C-75
US00003225
fm10273.dat
Fig. C149- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.16, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam h e ig h t 75mm.
fm10273.dat
Fig. Cl 50- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.16, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
.
C-76
US00003226
fm10273.dat
Fig. C!51- Foam height in tests with foam on TP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.16, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm10273.dat
OQ
V)
s
E
2 a: Q CcLo
X
uEroo.
Fig. C152- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.16, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-77
US00003227
Fig. Cl 53- Mass data in tests with foam on 3P-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.27, inadiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10274.dat
600
500 -
X Fuel
OO mm 25 mm + 50 mm A 100 mm
too
g 300
Q.
E 200
100
100 150 200 250 Time [sec]
Fig. C154- Foam temperature in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.27, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
C-78 US00003228
fm10274.dat
Fig. Cl 55- Drain rate in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.27, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10274.dat
Fig. C156- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.27, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
C-79
US00003229
fm10274.dat
Fig. C157- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.27, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
fm 10274.dat
Fig. C158- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.27, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
C-80 US00003230
fm 10274.dat
Fig. Cl 59- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C, Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.27, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam heights 25mm.
fm10274.dat
Fig. C160- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C, Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.27, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-81 US00003231
Fig. Cl 61- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.95, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initia) foam height= 50mm.
Fig. Cl 62- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.95, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height^ 50mm.
C-82
US00003232
fm10275.dat
Fig. Cl 63- Drain rate in tests with foam on IF'-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.95, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10275.dat
Fig. C164- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ration 5.95, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
i C-83
US00003233
fm10275.dat
Fig. C l65- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.95, irradiance=35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
Fig. Cl 66- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.95, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam beight= 50mm.
C-84 US00003234
fm10275.dat
Fig. 0 6 7 - Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 5.95, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm 10275.dat
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4
0.3
0.2 X
0.1
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
- 0.1
Time [sec] Fig. C l68- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio5.95, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-85
US00003235
Fig. C l69- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.42, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
Fig. C l70- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.42, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C -86
US00003236
fm10276.dat
Fig. C17I- Drain rate in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C, Test conditions: expansion ratio=5.42, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm10276.dat
Fig. C l72- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.42, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-87
US00003237
fm10276.dat
Fig. Cl 73- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.42, iiTadiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm10276.dat
Fig. C174- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.42, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-88 US00003238
fm10276.dat
Fig. Cl 75- Foam height in lestswith foam on JP-5 a! 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 5.42, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm 10276.dat
0.45 j
]
1
o' vj OS
E
E. . . . a> ' . ni ` oc
o
JE
QJ U. 1ii ' Q -C
9 X
rfl U.Uj uO.
0
I
-0.05
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
5
Time [sec]
Fig. Cl 76- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio-- 5.42, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-89 US00003239
Fig, C177- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.71, irradiance= 50k\V/m2, initial foam height= 25mm,
Fig. C178- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio - 5.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam heights 25mm,
C-90
US00003240
fm10280.dat
Fig. C179- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm 1 0 2 8 0 .dat
Fig. Cl SO- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-91
US00003241
fm10280.dat
Fig. Cl 81- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
Fig. C l 82- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.71, irradiance= 50kfW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-92 US00003242
fm10280.dat
Fig. Cl 8 3 -Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio - 5.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10280.dat
1.5
D.5
X E
-0.5
1
50 100 150 2 0 0 250
Time [sec]
Fig. C 184- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio-- 5.71, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-93 US00003243
Fig. Cl 85- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.2, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 50mm.
Fig. 0 8 6 - Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.2, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-94
US00003244
fm10281.dat
Fig. C187- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.2, irradiance50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10281.dat
Fig. Cl 88- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.2, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height^ 50mm.
C-95
US00003245
fm10281.dat
Fig. Cl 89- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.2, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10281.dat
'Fig. C190- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.2, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-96 US00003246
fm10281.dat
Fig- C191- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.2, irradiance50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm 10281.dat
Fig. C192- Foam height depletion late in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio5.2, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-97 US00003247
Fig. C l93- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.88, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
Fig. Cl 94- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.88, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-98
US00003248
fm10282.dat
Fig. C195- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 4.88, irradiance50kW/m2, initial foain height= 75mm.
fm10282.dat
Fig. CI96- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 4.88, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-99
US00003249
fm10282.dat
Fig. Cl 97- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio4.88, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm 1 0 2 8 2 .d a t
Fig. C l 98- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.88, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height^ 75mm.
C-lOO
US00003250
fm10282-dat
120
Fig. Cl 99- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio - 4.88, irradiance= 50k:W/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm10282.dat 1.5
0.5 E
C 0 c
Q -0.5
X
E -1
r 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 f 400 450
-1.5
Time [sec]
Fig. C200- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio4.88, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-101
US00003251
Fig. C201- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.06, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height=25mm.
fm 10 2 0 4 .d a t
E
5-
0 ................... . ,-r- .. ........... .. .......
, .................
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 S00 900 1000
Time [sec]
Fig. C202- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.06, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-102
US00003252
fm10204.dat
0kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm. fm 10204.dat
Fig. C204- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 6.06, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 25mm.
C-103
US00003253
fm10204.dat
Fig- C205- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.06, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
fm10204.dat 9000
8000
7000
S' 6000
=cruo 5000
J 4000
S 3000 2000
1000
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Time [sec]
Fig. C206- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.06, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-104
US00003254
fm10204.dat
Time [sec]
Fig. C207- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.06, i[radianee= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10204.dat
Time [sec]
Fig. C208- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.06, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-105
US00003255
Fig. C209- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ration 10.4, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10205.dat
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Time [sec]
900 1000
Fig. C210- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.4, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-106
US00003256
fm10205.dat
Fig. C211- Drain rate in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.4, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam beight= 50mm.
fm10205.dat
Fig. C212- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.4, irradiance- 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-107
US00003257
fm10205.dat
Fig. C 213- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.4, irradiance= OkW/ml, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10205.dat
Time tsec]
Fig. C 2 14- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.4, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam hejght= 50mm.
C-108
US00003258
fm10205.dat
Time [sec]
Fig. C 215- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.4, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam bejght= 50mm.
fm10205.dat
Time [sec]
Fig. C2I6- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.4, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-109
US00003259
Fig. C217- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.73, irTadiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 75mm.
Time [sec] Fig. C218- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.73, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-I10
L
US00003260
fm10206.dat
Fig. C219- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.73, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm1020S.dat
Fig. C220- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio - 8.73, irradiance= 0k\V/m2, initial foam height= 75mm,
C -lll
US00003261
fm10206.dat
Fig. C221- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio8.73, irradjance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm10206.dat
Time [sec]
Fig. C222- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.73, irTadiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam heighf= 75mm.
C-1I2
US00003262
fm10206.dat
Time [sec3
Fig. C223- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ration 8.73, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm 1 0 2 0 6 .d at
Time [sec]
Fig. C224- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.73, irradiance= 0kW/m2, initial foam heights 75mm.
C-I13
US00003263
Fig. C225- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.23, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
Fig. C226- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.23, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-114
US00003264
fm10207.dat
Fig. C221- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--6.23, irradiance^ 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10207.dat
Fig. C228- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions', expansion ratio--6.23, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam heights 25mm.
C - 115
US00003265
fm10207.dat
0 0 5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Foam Mass per Unit Area [kg/m2]
Fig. C229- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.23, irradiance=20kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
fm10207.dat
Fig. C230- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ration 6.23, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
C-116
US00003266
fm10207.dat
Fig. C 231- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.23, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10207.dat
Fig. C232- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio-- 6.23, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-117
US00003267
fm10208.dat
+ Mass drained Mass evaporated A Mass in pan Mass Balance
Fig. C233- Mass data in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.68, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
Fig. C234- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.68, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C -118
US00003268
fm10208.dat
Fig. C235- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.68, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam heights 50mm.
fm 1 0 2 0 8 .d at
Fig. C256- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.68, i[radiaiice~ 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-119
US00003269
fm10208.dat
Fig. C237- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.68, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height^ 50mm,
fm10208.dat
Fig. C238- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.68, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height^ 50mm.
C-120 .
US00003270
fm10208.dat
Fig. C239- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.68, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm 1 0 208.dat
Fig. C240- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.68, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam hejght= 50mm.
C-121
US00003271
fm102010.dat
4- M a s s drained Mass evaporated Mass in pan Mass Balance
Time [sec]
Fig. C24I- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions; expansion ratio= 9.39* irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam heights 75mm.
Fig. C242- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio" 9.39, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam heights 75mm.
C-122
US00003272
fm102010.dat
Fig. C243- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 9.39, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm102010.dat
Fig. C244- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio" 9.39, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 75mm.
C-123
US00003273
fm102010.dat
Foam Mass per Unit Area [kg/m2J Fig. C245- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 9.39, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam beight= 75mm.
fm102010.dat
Fig. C246- Effective heat o f vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 9.39, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-124
US00003274
fm102010.dat
Fig. C247- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 9.39, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm102010.dat
Fig. C248- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 9.39, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-125
US00003275
fm102011 dat
+ Mass drained Mass evaporated A Mass in pan Mass Balance
Time tsec]
Fig. C249- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.96, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
Fig. C250- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- ' 5.96, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initia] foam height= 25mm.
C-126
US00003276
fm102011.dat
Fig. C251- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5,96, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initia] foam height= 25mm.
fm102011 dat
Fig. C252- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.96, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 25mm.
C-127
US00003277
fm102011.dat
Fig. C253- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.96, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initiai foam height= 25mm.
Fig. C254- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.96, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-128
US00003278
fm102011.dat
Fig. C255- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.96, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
fm102011.dat
Fig. C256- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.96, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-129
US00003279
fm102012.dat
N
E
+ Mass drained Mass evaporated A Mass in pan Mass Balance
Time [sec]
Fig. C257- Mass data in tests with foam on TP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.01, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height^ 50mm.
Fig. C258- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.0], irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-130
US00003280
fm102012.dat
Fig- C259- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.01, i i T a d i a n c e = 35kW/m2, initial foam beight= 50mm.
fml02012.dat
Fig. C260- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.01, irradiance - 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-131
US00003281
fm102012. da!
Fig. C261- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.01, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm102012.dat
Fig. C262- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.01, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-132
US00003282
fm102012.dat
Fig. C263- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.01, irradiance^ 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm 102012.dat
Fig. C264- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio10.01, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 50mm.
C-133
US00003283
fm10210.dat
+ Mass drained Mass evaporated A Mass in pan Mass Balance
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Time {sec]
Fig. C265- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.46, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
Fig. C266- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.46, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-134
US00003284
fm10210.dat
Fig. C267- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.46, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initia! foam height= 75mm.
fm10210.dat
Fig. C268- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on IP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio ! 8.46, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initia] foam height= 75mm.
C-135
US00003285
fm10210.dat
Fig. C269- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.46, in-adiance=35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm10210.dat
Fig. C270- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.46, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-136
US00003286
fm10210.dat
Fig. C271- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.46, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initiai foam heighh= 75mm.
fm10210.dat
OW
E
E
tcoz.
Q
JC X E
Fig. C272- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 8.46, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-137
US00003287
+ W!ass drained Mass evaporated A Mass in pan
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time [sec] Fig. C273- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 7.26, irradtance= 50kW/m2, initial foam h e ig h t 25mm.
Fig. C274- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 7.26, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam heights 25mm.
C-138
US00003288
fm10220.dat
Fig, C275- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C, Test conditions: expansion ratio= 7.26, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm,
fm10220.dat
Fig. C276- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--7,26, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-I39
US00003289
fm10220.dat
Fig. C277- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 7.26, irradiance^ 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm10220.dat
Fig. C278- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 7.26, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-140
US00003290
fm10220.dat
Fig. C279- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 7.26, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
fm10220.dat
Fig. C280- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 7.26, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
C-141
US00003291
fm10221.dat
+ Mass drained Mass evaporated A Mass in pan Mass Balance
Fig. C281- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 9.56, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initia! foam height= 50mm.
Fig. C282- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 9.56, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-142
US00003292
fm1Q221.dat
Fig. C283- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 9.56, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10221.dat
Fig. C284- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio-- 9.56, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-143
US00003293
fm10221.dat
Foam Mass per Unit Area [kg/m2] Fig. C285- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 9.56, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 50mm.
fm10221.dat
Fig. C286- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 9.56, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-144
US00003294
fm10221.dat
Fig. C287- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 9.56, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm10221.dat
Fig. C288- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C, Test conditions: expansion ratio9.56, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
C-145
US00003295
fm10222.dat
+-Mass drained Mass evaporated A Mass in part Mass Balance
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Time [secj
Fig. C289- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.64, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
Fig. C290- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.64, rradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-146
US00003296
fm10222.dat
Fig. C291- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.64, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm10222.dat
Fig. C292- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.64, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-147
US00003297
fm10222.dat
Foam Mass per Unit Area [kg/m2] Fig. C293- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.64, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
o 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Time [see] Fig. C294- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio- 10.64, irradiance =50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-148 -
US00003298
fm10222.dat
Fig. C295- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.64, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm 1 0 2 2 2 .d a t
Fig. C296- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 20C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 10.64, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
C-149
US00003299
APPENDLX D TEST DATA - FOAM ON TOP OF .IP-5 AT 50C
D-l
US00003300
Fig. D l- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.32, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
Fig. D2- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.32, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 25mm.
D-2
US00003301
fm11034.dat
Fig. D3- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.32, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm11034.dat
Fig. D4- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.32, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
D-3
US00003302
fm11034.dat
Fig. D5- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.32, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
Fig. D6- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.32, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
D-4 US00003303
fm11034.dat
Fig. D7- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 4.32, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam beight= 25mm.
fm 11034.dat
Fig. D8- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ration 4.32, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
D-5
US00003304
Fig. D9- Mass data in tests with foam on IP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.81, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
Time Isec] Fig. DIO- Foam temperature in tests with foam on IP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.81, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
D-6
.
US00003305
fm 1 1035.dat
Fig. D 11- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C, Test conditions: expansion raiio= 5,81, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam heights 50mm.
fm 1 1035.dat
Fig. D12- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.81, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
D-7
US00003306
fm11035.dat
Fig. DI 3- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5,8), irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
Fig. D14- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.8), irradiance - 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
D-8
US00003307
fm11035.dat
Time [sec] Fig. D15- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.81, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm11035.dat
Time [sec] Fig. D16- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 5.81, irradiance^ 20k\V/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
D-9 US00003308
Fig. DI 7- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.33, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
Time [sec]
Fig. D I 8- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.33, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
D-10
US00003309
fm11036.dat
Fig- DI 9- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.33, irradiance= 20k\V/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm11036.dat
Fig. D20- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C, Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.33, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
D-l 1
US00003310
fm11036.dat
Fig. D21 - Drain rate versus foam mass in tests witb Foarn on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.33, irradiance^ 20kW/m2, initiai foam heighff 75mm.
fm11036.dat
Fig. D22- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.33, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initiai foam height= 75mm.
D-I2
US00003311
fm11036.dat
Fig. D23- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.33, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height^ 75mm.
fm 1 1 0 3 6 .d a t
Fig. D24- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.33, irradiance= 20kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
D-13 US00003312
Fig. D25- Mass data in tests "with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.85, irradiances 35kW/m2, initial foam height=25mm.
Time [sec] Fig. D26- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C, Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.85, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
D-14
US00003313
fm11050.dat
Fig. D27- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.85, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initiai foam height= 25mm.
0 50 to o 150 200 250 300 350 400
Time [sec]
Fig. D28- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.85, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
450
D-15 US00003314
fm11050.dat
Fig. D29- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on ]P-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.85, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
Fig. D30- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.85, irradiance^ 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
D'16
US00003315
fm11050.dat
Fig. D 31- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.85, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm11050.dat BO ---------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60
o
- 6 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time [sec] Fig. D32- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ration 6.85, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height^ 25mm.
D-17 US00003316
Fig. D33- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.76, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
Time [secj Fig. D34- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C, Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.76, irradiance^ 35kW/m2, initial foam heighf= 50mm.
. D-18
US00003317
fm11051.dat
Fig. D35- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.76, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initia] foam height= 50mm.
fm11051.dat
Fig. D36- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.76, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
D-19
US00003318
fm11051.dat
Fig. D37- Drain rate 'versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions; expansion ratio-- 6.76, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
fm11051.dat
Fig. D38- Effective beat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions; expansion ratio= 6.76, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
D-20 US00003319
fm11051.dat
Fig. D39- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.76, irradiance^ 35kW/m2, initial foam beight= 50mm.
fm 11 0 5 1 .d a t
i E
50 100 150 200 250 300 "350------------ 400 450
-2 Time [sec]
Fig. D40- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.76, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
D-21 US00003320
Fig. D 41- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.57, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm11053.dat
EE
o
X Fuel o
25 mm
+ 50 mm
A ioo mm
too 200 300 400 500 600 700 Tim e [se c]
Fig. D42- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.57, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
D-22
US00003321
fm 1 1053.dat
Fig. D43- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.57, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initia! foam height= 75mm.
fm11053.dat
Fig. D44- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.57, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam heights 75mm.
D-23
US00003322
fm11053.dat
04
E tn <
CoO
T
C Q
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Foam Mass per Unit Area [kg/m2]
Fig. D45- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratlo= 6.57, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
o 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Time [sec]
Fig. D46- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.57, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
D-24
US00003323
im11053.dat
Fig. D47- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.57, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initia! foam heigbt= 75mm.
fm11053.dat
Fig. D48- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6,57, irradiance= 35kW/m2, initial foam heights 75mm.
D-25 US00003324
Fig. D49- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.75, irradiance" 50kW/m2, initial foam height" 25mm.
Time [sec] Fig. D50- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.75, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height" 25mm.
D-26
US00003325
fm 1 1054.dat
Fig. D 51- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.75, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm 11054.dat
Fig. D52- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.75, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
D-27
US00003326
fm11054.dat
Fig. D53- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.75, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
Fig. D54- Effective heat o f vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.75, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
D-28
US00003327
fm 1 1054.dat
Fig. D55- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ration 6.75, irradiance^ 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
fm11054.dat
Fig. D56- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.75, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 25mm.
D-29
US00003328
Fig, D57- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.92, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 50mm.
Time [sec] Fig. D58- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.92, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
D-30
US00003329
fm11055.dat
Fig. D59- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.92, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam h e ig h t 50mm.
fm11055.dat
Fig. D60- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.92, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam beight= 50mm.
D-3l
US00003330
fm11055.dat
Fig. D6D Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.92, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam beight= 50mm.
fm11055.dat
Fig. D62- Effective heat o f vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C, Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.92, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
D-32
US00003331
fm11055.dat
Fig. D63- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.92, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initiai foam height= 50mm.
fm 11055.dat
Fig. D64- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion raticr= 6.92, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 50mm.
D-33 US00003332
Fig. D65- Mass data in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.61, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75ntm.
Time [sec] Fig. D66- Foam temperature in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6,61, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
D-34
US00003333
fm11056.dat
Fig. D67- Drain rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.61, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm11056.dat
Fig. D68- Evaporation rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio--6.61, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
D-35
US00003334
fm11056.dat
Fig. D69- Drain rate versus foam mass in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.61, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam heigbt= 75mm.
fm11056.dat
Fig. D70- Effective heat of vaporization in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.6!, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
D-36
US00003335
fm11056.dat
Fig. D71- Foam height in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.61, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
fm11056.dat OQ<>n s tnej Q
tBoTcO
Fig. D72- Foam height depletion rate in tests with foam on JP-5 at 50C. Test conditions: expansion ratio= 6.61, irradiance= 50kW/m2, initial foam height= 75mm.
D-37 US00003336
APPENDIX E DROP THROUGH TEST DATA
E-l
US00003337
Drop through tests were performed in the container shown in Fig. E -l. The square Pyrex container was 0.10 m on each side and was 0,10 m high. The side port was used to insert a 1.5 mm diameter, Type K sheathed thermocouple into the container to monitor the fuel temperature. For tests at elevated fuel temperatures, the container was placed on a hot plate to ensure the fuel temperature remained relatively constant over the test duration.
Tests were performed with 200 mL of fuel in the lower part of the container. AFFF solution was manually added to the surface directly using a 500 pL Hamilton syringe with a Chaney adaptor for improved precision. The calibrated scale on the side of the syringe was used to monitor the amount of solution added to the surface. The addition accuracy was limited to the volume of a single drop of solution, which was approximately 10 pL. During solution addition, the syringe was approximately 3.0 mm from the fuel surface to minimize the vertical acceleration effects of the drop. Two solution application methods were used in this study, 1) same location and 2) random locations. Data were recorded on the volume of solution necessary to cause one to five drop of solution to fall through the surface.
Tests were performed with three different types of fuel: -Hexane (Fisher Spectranalyzed grade), Cyclohexane (Fisher Spectranalyzed grade) and JP-5 fuel obtained from Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) at their Chesapeake Beach Detachment (CBD). Fuels were tested at room temperature (~20C) and at approximately 66C. The AFFF concentrate was 3M 6% AFFF, FC 206CF. To aid in the visualization of the AFFF spreading over the fuel surface, a water soluble fluorescent dye was added to the solution. Tests without the dye confirmed the dye had no impact on the drop through results.
E-2
Pyrex Test
Syringe
Figure E- 1. The drop through test apparatus
The results of the tests on the three different fuels at room temperature are provided in Tables El - E3. When the solution was initially added, it was observed to spread out radially from the addition point over the fuel surface. As additional solution was added, depressions began to develop in the fuel surface where the AFFF solution was collecting. Adding more solution caused these depressions to become deeper and more defined until, eventually, the weight of the solution in the depression exceeded the interfacial surface tension resistance. At this point, the majority of the solution in the depression dropped through the surface and fell to the bottom of the container. Solution added at a single location developed fewer depressions than solution added at random locations.
The amount of solution necessary for drop through was found to be somewhat fuel dependent. The -Hexane fuel was found to require the least amount of solution to cause the first drop to fall through the surface, while JP-5 required the most. This result is consistent with the interfacial surface tension results for these fuels. Of the three fuels, -Hexane has the lowest interfacial surface tension meaning this fuel has the least resistance to solution drop through. Less solution had to be added to the surface to cause subsequent drops to fall through. This
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amount ranged from 30-56 p.L (on average) for the different fuels tested when solution was added at a single location. Tests where solution was added at random locations on the fuel surface required 2-3 times more solution to for the initial drop to fall through the surface. However, only slightly more solution, 30-76 pL (on average), was necessary to cause subsequent drops to fall through the fuel surface.
Table El - Drop through test results with /-Heptane at 20C.
Addition Method
Single Single Single AVG
Net Volume* AFF - Added for Drop Through fpL] 1stDrop 2ndDrop 3rdDrop 4thDrop 5thDrop
60 30 ** 30 30 30 20 35 30 55 45 35 20 50 35 45 28 19 37 40
Random Random Random AVG
70 210 60 60 60 180 55 75 105 115 70 65 55 168 62
*N et V olum e-volum e o f AFFF added after previous drop fell through surface **D ro p fe ll through w ith previous drop Single=solution added to surface at a single location
R andom =solution added to surface at random locations
40 15 **
19
Total Volume Added [pL]
150 170 185 168
310 360 365 345
A d d itio n M ethod
S in g le S in g le AVG
Table E2 - Drop through test results with Cyclohexane at 20C.
Net Volum e* AFFF Added for Drop Through
l 5' D ro p
2nd D rop
3rd D rop
4th D rop
160 40 30 20
165 25 20 30
163 33 25 25
uLj 5"1D ro p
25 25 25
Total Volum e Added [pL] 275 265 270
Random Random
390 5 400 * *
35 130 55 5
AVG
395 3
45 68
*Nct V olum e=volum e o f A FF F added after previous drop fe ll through surface
**D ro p fe ll through w ith previous drop
SingIe=solution added to surface at a single location
Random =solution added to surface at random locations
40 40 40
600 500 550
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Addition Method
Single Single Single AVG
Table E3 - Drop through test results with JP-5 at 20C. Net Volume* AFFF Added for Drop Through [llL]
lsl Drop 175 200 200 192
2ndDrop
60 80 60 67
3rdDrop 45 40 40 42
4thDrop 95 60 40 65
5thDrop 50 50 50 50
Random
735
**
15
20
**
Random
650
40
30
**
85
Random
610
**
20
55
**
Random
590
15
25
85
115
AVG
646 14 23 40
50
*N e t Volum e=volum e o f AFFF added after previous drop fe ll through surface **D ro p fe ll through w ith previous drop S ingle-solution added to surface at a single location R andom -solution added to surface at random locations
Total Volume Added [pL]
425 430 390 415
770 805 685 830 773
The values in Tables E l-3 can be used to determine the minimum amount of solution that must drain from the foam before solution will begin to drop through the surface. Critical values for drop through are provided in Table E4 for fuels at 20C. In general, the amount of solution for initial drop through will be higher than the amount necessary for subsequent drops. Data for JP-5 indicate that the drain rate must initially be higher than 0.0646 kg/(m2 s) for the fuel to not have an effect on the drain rate. After the initial drop falls through the surface, the critical drain rate for no delay in solution drainage decreases to 0.0056 kg/(m2s).
Table E4 - Critical AFFF levels to cause drop through different fuel surfaces at 20C.
Fuel Type
-Heptane -Heptane Cyclohexane Cyclohexane
JP-5 JP-5
Addition Method
Single Random Single Random Single Random
1st Drop
Critical Volume [pL]
45 65 163 395 192 646
Critical Mass per Unit Area
[kg/nr] 0.0045 0.0065
0.0163 0.0395
0.0192 0.0646
Single=solution added to surface at a single location Random =solution added to surface at Irandom locations
Subsequent Drops
Critical Volume [pL]
31 76 27 39 56 32
Critical Mass per Unit Area
[kg/m2] 0.0031 0.0076
0.0027 0.0039
0.0056 0.0032
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A different behavior was observed when AFFF at 20C was added to fuel at an elevated temperature (66C which is near the boiling point of ?7-Hexane). In these tests, no depressions were observed to form at the fuel surface. Instead, the solution appeared to drop directly through the fuel surface. When the solution drop through the fuel surface, it was not as a drop but appeared to flow through the surface as a slow stream of solution. In tests with JP-5 and Cyclohexane, the solution was observed to spread across the fuel and then fall through the surface. The solution was not observed to spread in tests with n-Heptane, but instead just fell directly through the surface. Similar results were observed when AFFF heated to 66C was added to the fuel surface.
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APPENDIX F SURFACE TENSION DATA
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A series of tests was performed to quantify the surface tension of various fuels and a single formulation of AFFF (3M 6%), and the interfacial surface tension between the fuels and the AFFF. The fuels evaluated in this test series were Heptane, Cyclohexane, and JP-5. Tests were performed with the solutions at temperatures ranging from 10C - 50C. Solution temperatures were achieved by maintaining the test vessel at a constant temperature. This was done using a hollow Pyrex test vessel that had fluid from a water bath, set a the desired temperature level, continuously flowing through the vessel.
Tests were performed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) at the Chesapeake Beach Detachment (CBD) using a Autotensiomat Surface Tension Analyzer, Fisher Model 215. Tests were conducted in accordance to the procedures outlined in ASTM D 1331-89 "Standard Test Method for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface-Active Agents". A single Platinum-Iridium Ring (5.920 cm diameter, R/r=53.0322) was used in the study Reported values were corrected as specified in ASTM D 1331.
Surface tension results for the different solutions are shown in Figure FI at various temperatures. Surface tension levels decreased almost linearly with temperature at a rate similar to that determined by Moran e t al. [16]; however, the magnitude of the surface tension was approximately 5-10% lower than values in Ref. [16], The reason for the discrepancy is unknown.
Interfacial surface tension between AFFF and Cyclohexane, and AFFF and JP-5 are shown in Figure F2. For both combinations, interfacial surface tension was measured to remain relatively constant with temperature. Moran e t a l [16] previously reported interfacial surface tension values to decrease at nominally the same rate as surface tension of the hydrocarbon liquid, which is different than the result shown in Fig. F2. The reason for the discrepancy is unknown.
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Data from Figures FI and F2 were used to determine the spreading coefficient, which is defined for these tests as
a net = c r AFFF ~ a fuel ~ I F
(F !)
where cjnet is the spreading coefficient, Oafff'is the surface tension of the AFFF, cyue, is the surface
tension of the fuel, and (Jif is the interfacial surface tension. The spreading coefficient is a measure of the ability of AFFF to spread along the fuel; a spreading coefficient greater than zero indicates AFFF can spread along the fuel surface without dropping through. The spreading coefficient for AFFF on Cyclohexane and JP-5 is shown in Fig. F3 at various temperatures. Temperature was measured to decrease the spreading coefficient by 20-30%, which agrees with the conclusions of Moran e t al. [16] that temperature has only a slight effect on the spreading coefficient.
Figure F I - Surface tension of various solutions at different temperatures. F-3
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6
5-
<eD 4~ o
-
eof Uac>i hCOD t<3:13
CO
"to o *<tDz
1-
6% AFFF and Cyclohexane - V - 6% AFFF and JP-5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Temperature, [Celsius]
Figure F 2 - Interfacial surface tension between fuel and AFFF at different temperatures.
Figure F 3- Spreading coefficient of AFFF on fuels at different temperatures. F-4
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REFERENCES 1. Moran, H.E. Burnett, J.C. and Leonard, J.T., "Suppression of Fuel Evaporation by
Aqueous Films of Fluorochemical Surfactant Solutions," NRL Report 7247, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (1971)
F-5
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