Document xdryEzpbKGj76E8MvqQ94G25G

UNION CARBIDE r alidria Resin Grade 'sbestos Effective, low-cost thickening agent and thixotrope for epoxy resin systems imparts excellent viscosity control to resin systems (coatings, adhesives, sealants, caulks, mastics) UCC 007533 a/idria Resin-Grade 144 !sbestos ... a highly purified fiber product that is an effective, low-cost thickening agent and thixotrope for epoxy resin systems. By means of a special refining technique developed by UNION CARBIDE, CAIIDRIA Resin-Grade 144 Asbestos is made completely grit-free and non-abrasive--this latter char acteristic makes it especially valuable in spray application. Other desirable features of CALIDRIA Resin-Grade 144 Asbestos include: Disperses easily in liquid resin or hardener with a "Cowles" Dissolver or similar mixers Overmixing will not destroy the thixotropy of the resin-asbestos mixture Epoxy systems containing CALIDRIA Resin-Grade 144 Asbestos have excellent aging characteristics Reduced dust Unlike other thixotropes, it is effective with amine hardeners CALIDRIA Resin-Grade 144 Asbestos is substantially lower in cost than commonly used refined silicas or modified clays No amine salts are necessary for viscosity build-up or thixotropic stabili zation (with the exception of the low-viscosity, cycloaliphatic epoxides) UCC 0075?4 Typical physical properties Specific Gravity 2.45 Moisture Content, % by wt...................................... 2.0, maximum Surface Area, sq. meters per gram.................................60, appr. Reflectance, G. E. Brightness................................................ 72-76 Nature of Surface Charge...................... Electropositive (cationic) pH in Water................................................................................ 9.5 Bulking Value, gallons per 100 lb........... ................................4.8 Oil Absorption (DOP), pounds per 100 lb. .................... 120-140 Refractive Index, 0025 C................................................. 1.54-1.56 Wet Bulk Density in Water, ml. as received, 20 g. per liter; 3-hr. settling.............................700 after dispersion, 2 g. per liter; 1-hr. settling............ 900-1,000 Dry Bulk Density, lb. per cubic foot...............................................4 Shipping Density, lb. per cubic foot.......................................12-14 Standard Package Weight, lb....................................................... 35 % Magnetite..................................................................................0.6 Screen Size, Typical; % plus 325 mesh..................................... Nil Fiber Diameter, microns......................................................... 0.025 Length/Diameter, microns................................................200 avg. (1000 maximum) IMPORTANT; This information is not to be taken as warranty or representation for whtch we assume legal responsibility nor as permission or recommendation to practice any patented invention without s license. It is offered solely for your consideration, investiga tion, and verification. BAKELITE. CAUDRIA and UNION CAR 61OE are trade marks of Union Carbide Corporation U. $. A. C 1967, 1968, 1969 by Union Carbide Corporation. .UCCDQim.___ .. riyui IElfllllfO 1 THICKENING efficiency in V LIQUID EPOXY RESINS Typical applications > Figure 1 illustrates the effective, low-cost thickening and viscosity control properties of CALIDRIA Resin-Grade 144 Asbestos in epoxy resin systems. It compares relative differ ences in viscosity of BAKELITE Epoxy Resin ERL-2774 solu tions containing equivalent concentrations of CALIDRIA R-G 144 Asbestos, micro-crystalline silicate, and pyrogenic silica. Figure 2 illustrates the ability of CALIDRIA R-G 144 Asbestos to control viscosity in two different solvent-epoxy systems used in many epoxy coatings and paints. UCC 007536 PERFORMANCE DATA COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CAL/DR/A R-G 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS F-70-086 UNIDN CARBIDE CORPORATION CHEMICALS AND PLASTICS 270 PARK AVENUE. N.Y..N.Y. 10017 UCC 007537 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CALIDRIA R-6 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS CALIDRIA Resin-Grade 244 Asbestos, a new, modified asbestos fiber from UNION CARBIDE, developed for maximum thickening efficiency and thixotropy in polyester spray-up and hand lay-up laminating resins, is also an effective thickener for plastisols and organosols used in a broad variety of adhesives, coatings, mastics and sealants. In many systems, CALIDRIA Resin-Grade 244 Asbestos will not contribute color or opacity -- a characteristic that makes it particularly attractive in polyester gel coats. The distinctive characteristics of CALIDRIA Asbestos offer improved viscosity and thixotropic properties to polyester resin systems, superior to other commonly used thixotropic aids, at a considerable cost savings. On a pound-for-pound basis, CALIDRIA Resin-Grade 244 Asbestos has been found to contribute more than twice the viscosity of a typical pyrogenic silica. Savings up to 30 per cent or more are illustrated. Though CALIDRIA Resin-Grade 244 Asbestos is designed for use in stir-in mixers, optimum efficiency and lowest cost are obtained through use of high-shear mixers such as "Cowles" Dissolvers, sonic dispersers and homogenizers. Other desirable features of CALIDRIA Resin-Grade 244 Asbestos include: Ease of incorporation Reduced dust Clear, colorless products at low loadings Long term shelf life IMPORTANT: This Information Is not to ba takan as a warranty or raprasantation for which ws asswma lagal responsibility nor as permission or racommandatfon to practice any patantad Invention without a llcansa. It I* offarad tolaly for your consideration, investigation, and verification. 2 UCC 007538 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CALIDRIA R-G 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS SCOPE The rheological properties imparted by CALIDRIA R-G 244 Asbestos to polyester resin systems have been determined in a number of commercial laminating resins. Comparative evaluations of CALIDRIA RG 244 versus pyrogenic silica have also con firmed the performance and economic advan tages claimed for CALIDRIA RG 244 Asbestos. The following commercial polyester resins were used for these evaluations: Polyester Resin Manufacturer "Hetron" 26869 ..................................................................... DurezDiv. of Hooker Chemicals Corp. "Hetron" 17............................................................................ OurezDiv. of Hooker Chemicals Corp. "Hetron" 130.......................................................................... DurezDiv.of Hooker Chemicals Corp. "Hetron" 19............................................................................ DurezDiv. of Hooker Chemicals Corp. "Paraplex" 43........................................................................ Rohm and Haas "Marco" Resin ..................................................................... Marco Chemical Div. of W. R. Grace Co. "Koplac" 1000-23 ................................................................ Koppers Company, Inc. "Dion" DR-315 .................................................................. Diamond Alkali Company, Dion Polymer Prods. Freeman Resin ..................................................................... Freeman Chemical Corporation TEST PROCEDURE To establish a sound and reliable basis for relative test comparisons, viscosities of the base resins were equated by the addition of styrene. CALIDRIA RG 244 was evaluated in the resins at the 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 parts per 100 parts of resin (PHR). A commercial pyrogenic silica was used for comparative evaluations in several of the resins. Solids were incorporated by one of two procedures: 1. A high-shear laboratory "HomoMixer", with a 4-blade, 2-inch di ameter impeller. 2. A low-shear "Lightnin' " Mixer, with a 6-paddle, 2-inch diameter impeller. The degree of shear, implied herein, is in relative terms of impeller rpm. Mixing time was held constant at 3 minutes for all samples. Viscosity measurements were obtained with a Brookfield Viscometer at 25C. The samples were hand-stirred prior to measuring the viscosities. 3 UCC 007539 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUDRIA R-G 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS The comparative rheological properties of these commercial polyester resins containing CALIDRIA R-G 244 Asbestos are shown in the bar graph, Figure 1. Viscosities are those determined at 2 rpm. Thixotropic Index is based on the 2/20 rpm. viscosities. FIGURE 1 VISCOSITY AND THIXOTROPIC INDEX DATA COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUDRIA R-G 244 ASBESTOS IN VARIOUS COMMERCIAL POLYESTER RESINS AT 0.5 PHR ADDITION VISCOSITY. CPS., at 2 RPM. 25 C. Polyester base resins: adjusted to 100 cps. with styrene. Mixing: "Lightnin' " Mixer, 6-paddle, 2-inch diameter impeller. Mixed for 3 minutes at 1600 rpm. PROMOTED POLYESTER RESINS Unlike most other thixotropes, CALIDRIA R-G 244 does not normally re quire polar additives such as glycol derivatives for viscosity build-up or thixotropic stabiliza tion. However, in some promoted resins, particularly those containing cobalt-type accelerators, nominal additions of ethylene glycol or similar additives will improve the viscosity, thixotropy, and stability of CALIDRIA R-G 244 dispersions significantly. This is illustrated in Table 1. TABLE 1 Viscosity of CALIDRIA R-G 244/Promoted Polyester Resin Systems CALIDRIA R-G 244 (PHR) Ethylene Glycol (PHR) Viscosity, cps., at 25C. 2 rpm. 20 rpm. Thixotropic Index at 2 and 20 rpm. 0.75 -- 800 560 1.4 0.75 0.30 1600 630 2.5 ()"Silmer Resin" J-379B - Vistron Corporation Bass viscosity 165 cps. CALIDRIA R-G 244 incorporated with "Homo-Mixer" at 5000 rpm. for 3 minutes 4 UCC 007540 BRO O KFIELD VISCOSITY, CPS., at 26C. COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CAL/DRIA R-G 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS RELATIVE VISCOSITIES Figures 2 through 5 compare the relative viscosities of the various polyester resins over a range of 2 to 60 rpm.; each containing 0.5 PHR of CALIDRIA R-G 244 Asbestos. "Hetron" 26869 is used as the standard for comparison. FIGURES 2 THROUGH 5 - COMPARISON OF RELATIVE VISCOSITIES 10 20 30 40 50 60 . SPINDLE SPEED, RPM. 10 20 30 40 50 SPINDLE SPEED, RPM. 60 BRO O KFIELD VISCOSITY, CPS., at 25C. 10 20 30 40 SO 60 SPINDLE SPEED, RPM. 10 20 30 40 50 60 SPINDLE SPEED, RPM. s UCC 007541 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CALIDRIA R-G 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS CAUDR/A R-G 244 ASBESTOS VS. PYROGENIC SILICA A comparison of the relative perform ances of CALIDRIA R-G 244 Asbestos and pyrogenic silica is shown in Figures 6 through 9. The thickeners were incorporated with a high shear "Homo-Mixer", for 3 minutes, at 5000 rpm. Four polyester resins, ranging from high to medium low performance (see Figure 1, page 4), were selected for this comparative evaluation. In all resins, the performance of CALIDRIA R-G 244 Asbestos was superior to pyrogenic silica for promoting viscosity and thixotropy. In addition, significant economic advantages became apparent. FIGURES 6 AND 7 COMPARISON OF RELATIVE PERFORMANCES OF CALIDRIA R-G 244 AND PYROGENIC SILICA WITH "Hetron" 26869 AND "Marco" 7 ) ) B R O O K FIE LD V IS C O S IT Y , CPS., at 25C. 10 20 30 40 50 60 SPINOL6 SPEED. RPM. 10 20 30 40 50 60 SPINDLE SPEED. RPM. NOTE: Polyester rMint wars initially adjusted to a Brookfield viscosity of 100 cps. with styrene. Mixing: "Homo-Mixer" at 5000 rpm. for 3 minute*. UCC 007542 r'-r- COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUDRIA R-G 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS FIGURES 8 ANO 9 COMPARISON OF RELATIVE PERFORMANCES OF CAUDRIA R-G 244 'Paraplex" 43 AND "Koplac" 1000-23 B R O O K FIE LD V IS C O S ITY . CPS., at 25C. 10 20 30 40 50 60 SPINDLE SPEED, RPM. 10 20 30 40 50 60 SPINDLE SPEED, RPM. NOTE: Polyester mins were initially adjusted to a Brookfield viscosity of 100 cpe. with styrene. Mixing: "Homo-Mixer" at 5000 rpm. for 3 minutes. 7 UCC 007543 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUDRfA R-G 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS VISCOSITY VS. COST Figures 10 and 11 compare the viscosities obtained at 6 rpm., on various additive concentrations vs. the relative cost of the thickeners per 100 pounds of the polyester base resins. From these comparative tests and the relative thixotropic properties shown in Figure 16, page 11, it can be concluded that CALIDRIA Resin-Grade 244 Asbestos will provide, on the average, viscosities equivalent to pyrogenic silica, at approximately one-half the cost. FIGURES 10 AND 11 COMPARISON OF VISCOSITIES VS. RELATIVE COST OF THICKENERS 0RO O KFIELD VISCOSITY. CPS., at 6 RPM.. and 25" C. 20 40 60 90 100 120 COST OF THICKENER. CENTS, PER 100 POUNDS OF RESIN 20 40 60 80 100 120 COST OF THICKENER, CENTS, PER 100 POUNDS OF RESIN [ SHEAR EFFECTS ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES The effects of shear on the rheological properties of CALIDRIA R-G 244 Asbestos and pyrogenic silica in polyesters are shown in Figures 12 to 15. "Paraplex" 43 and "Marco" resins, considered to be typical of most polyester systems, were selected for these tests. Although results obtained with labora tory equipment cannot be assumed to predict optimum conditions for production facilities. these data do indicate that pyrogenic silica is more shear dependent than CALIDRIA R-G 244. On this basis, it can be concluded that pyrogenic silica requires relatively higher levels of energy to develop optimum rheo logical properties, in polymer suspensions, equivalent to those obtainable with CALIDRIA R-G 244 Asbestos. s UCC 007544 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUDRIA R-G 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS HIGH AND LOW SHEAR MIXING VS. SOLIDS CONTENT The viscosity vs. solids content experi mental results shown in Figures 12 and 13 below were obtained with both high and low shear mixing equipment, using the following standard testing conditions. The initial vis cosity of each of the polyester base resins was adjusted to 100 cps. with styrene. Mixing Time, minutes Mixing Blades and Size Mixing Speed, rpm. High-Shear "Homo-Mixer" 3 4 - 2-inch diameter 5000 Low-Shear "Lightnin' " Mixer 3 6 (paddle) - 2-inch diameter 1600 (tip speed 800 to 900 rpm.) FIGURES 12 AND 13 VISCOSITY VS. THICKENER CONCENTRATION RELATIVE EFFECT OF HIGH AND LOW SHEAR MIXING BROOKFIELD VISCOSITY, CPS., at 6 RPM., and 25C. 1.0 2.0 3.0 THICKENEH, PHR 1.0 2.0 3.0 THICKENER. PHR 9 UCC 007545 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CALIDRIA R-0 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS VISCOSITY VS. SHEAR RATE Viscosities determined at 25C., over a range of spindle speeds, from 2 to 60 rpm, on "Marco" and "Paraplex" 43 polyesters, con taining 0.5 PHR of the thickeners, indicate that CALIDRIA R-G 244 Asbestos, again, maintains a relatively higher degree of thick ening efficiency than pyrogenic silica, Figures 14 and 15. It is evident from these results that pyrogenic silica is more shear dependent than CALIDRIA R-G 244 Asbestos and requires higher levels of energy to develop satisfactory rheological properties for poly mer suspensions. FIGURES 14 AND 15 VISCOSITIES AT VARIOUS SHEAR RATES VS. EFFECT OF HIGH AND LOW SHEAR MIXING OF POLYESTERS CONTAINING 0.5 PHR OF THICKENERS 10 UCC 007546 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUDRIA R-G 244/POLYESTER RESIN SYSTEMS EFFECT OF SHEAR RATE ON THIXOTROPIC PROPERTIES CALIDRIA R-G 244 Asbestos provides exceptional rheological characteristics to polyester resins as shown in Figure 16. As indicated, a more fluid system for better spraying and brushing performance is avail able at one-half the concentration using CALIDRIA R-G 244 as compared to pyro genic silica, yet sag resistance and viscosity are higher as the shear rate is reduced. FIGURE IS COMPARATIVE THIXOTROPIC CHARACTERISTICS CALIDRIA R-G 244 VS. PYROGENIC SILICA 0 50 100 150 200 250 SHEAR RATE, SEC.'* NOTE: Then data mere developed for b "Paraplex" 43 polyester resin (Rohm and Haas) with 10 per cent by weight of styrene added. Instrumentation was with a Haake "Rotovisco". using measuring system SV II. 11 UCC 007547 Any of our offices below will be glad to give you complete information on properties, applications, and prices of "Calidria" asbestos. fU * UJ J3SSS&TOS Marketing and Technical Center Plant Niagara Falls, New York 14302 King City, California 93930 Safes Offices P. O. Box 579 P. O. Box K 716-285-3311 408-385-5961 Atlanta, Georgia 30329 17 Executive Park Dr. Baltimore, Maryland 21207 Beltway Bldg. 6707 Whitestone Rd. Boston, Massachusetts 02194 300 First Ave., Needham Heights Buffalo, New York 14225 3343 Harlem Rd. Charlotte, North Carolina 28210 6230 Falrview Rd. Chicago, Illinois 60606 120 South Riverside Plaza Cincinnati, Ohio 45227 West Street and Madisonville Rd. Cleveland, Ohio 44114 1300 Lakeside Ave.. N.E. Clifton, New Jersey 07012 935 Allwood Rd. Dallas, Texas 75207 2710 Stemmons Freeway Detroit (Southfield, Michigan Sales Office) Houston, Texas 77027 3737 Greenway Plaza Dr. Indianapolis (Cincinnati, Ohio Sales Office) Kansas City (St. Louis, Mo. Sales Office) Los Angeles, California 9005B 2770 Leonls Blvd. Memphis (Atlanta, Ga. Sales Office) Minneapolis, Minnesota 55416 3030 Excelsior Blvd. Mooreslown, New Jersey 08057 Route 38 and Pleasant Valley Rd. New York, New York 10017 270 Park Ave. Philadelphia (Moorestown, New Jersey Sales Office) Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania 15220 P'kway Center, 875 Greentree Rd. Southfield, Michigan 48075 26500 Northwestern Highway St. Louis, Missouri 63105 10 South Brentwood Blvd. San Francisco, California 94106 Seattle, Washington 96116 One California St. 4728 Rainier Ave., South 404-633-6161 301-944-8211 617-444-5400 716-837-6450 704-364-1400 312-822-7000 513-272-0206 216-621-4202 201-778-2900 214-631-0010 313-354-0800 713-621-1000 317-255-3181 913-362-2200 213-583-3061 901-396-5375 612-927-4221 609-235-6200 212-551-8423 215-923-3200 412-922-5700 313-354-0800 314-726-0324 415-982-1360 206-723-8660 UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION MINING AND METALS DIVISION 270 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017 TH DISCOVERY COMPANY F *70-006 7-70--2M "CaWdrla" and "Union Carbide" are rejiatared trade marka of Union Carbide Corporation. UCC 007548 ' Printed in U-S.A,