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174 CHAPTER 6 THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST TOBACCO 175 Fig. 6.1. The Nazi party barred smoking in many public spaces, includ ing party offices and waiting rooms (Dienstrdume). Note the negroid head on the cigar; Nazi antitobacco activists tried to characterize smoking as the vice of degenerate Africans. Source: Auf der Wacht 58 (1941): 24. That recognition was fostered, I shall argue, by a national politi cal climate stressing the virtues of racial hygiene and bodily purity. Tobacco in the Nazi view of the world was a genetic poison; a cause of infertility, cancer, and heart attacks; a drain on national resources and a threat to public health. The Nazi regime launched Fig. 6.2. "You Have the Duty to Be Healthy!" Cover from the Hitler Youth manual, Du hast die Pflicht, gesund zu sein! vol. 1, Nikotin und Alkohol, ed. Reichsjugendfuhrung (Berlin: n.p., n.d.), with thanks to Charles Rosenberg. an ambitious antismoking campaign, involving extensive public health education, bans on certain forms of advertising, and restric tions on smoking in many public spaces (see figs. 6.1 and 6.2). The aggressive steps taken in this direction were consistent with the regime's larger emphasis on doctor-directed "health leadership"