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| Monsanto : Chemicals AROCLORS AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-132 Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis 4, Mo. June 1, 1948 Selected blends of AROCLORS*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyle, are attractive extenders or sub stitutes for carnauba wax In the manufacture of polishes. This bulletin gives several practical formulas using Aroclors in wax blends possessing the qualities of car nauba wax for automobile, vood, leather and linoleum polishes. Registered in 0. S. Patent Office Its li.fwwsHsn In till butWA* Is toted > wt esfrlews, represent ee* toe! |e<ee* > Ito mens*, eto Is Intu'Wt* te to tolpfvh toil to easel wwi nistMlMlir fee ear fees er tulfii* to msv tesell tos to toe. HONS 078236 I. INTRODUCTION The AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, when properly blended possess the unusual qualities required to satisfac torily extend or substitute carnauba wax. Moreover, the extension of carnauba wax with blended Aroclors constitutes not only a saving of this unique and versatile wax, which has become scarcer In supply, but It also offers an attractive saving In cost. Particularly in England, considerable work has been done to replace oarnauba wax with blends of other waxes and Aroclors. Much of the following Information about the use of Aroclors for this purpose Is taken from the publication "Carnauba Wax Substitutes" by G. W. Wood (Maxuaxa Limited), presented in the Manufacturing Chemist and Manu facturing Perfumer, March 19*18, Volume XIX. The physical properties of Aroclors are given In Monsanto's Techni cal Bulletin No. P-115, "The Aroclors". Hi PROPERTIES OP PURE CARNAUBA WAX Pure carnauba wax has the following characteristics; Specific gravity................................. .... O.99 at 15C. Melting point ............................................. 84.1-91C. Acid value .................................................. 2.0-7.0 Sap. value.................................................. 78.4-88.3 mg. KOH Although there are several grades of commercial carnauba wax. In general the following properties are typical: Specific gravity ...................................... 0.978 at 15c. Acid value .................................................. 7.8 Sap. value .................................................. 87.0 Iodine value ............................................. 9.9* Alcohols ..................................................... 49.22* Melting point of alcohols . . . . 8lC. Acetyl value ............................................. 122 Hydrocarbons Nil These properties Indicate to the experienced wax blender that the preparation of a worthwhile substitute for carnauba requires the use of unique materials In order to conform with the qualities of the natural wax. MCNS 078231 Ill CHARACTERISTICS OP A CARNAUBA WAX SUBSTITUTE The principal requirements of a good oarnauba vax substitute are: Hardness or penetration value should be at least equal to that of the natural vax. Texture should be homogeneous, preferably non-crystalline and-somewhat brittle. Melting point should be similar to the natural vax and the setting point should not be more than about 6C. belov this point, otherwise protracted cooling phenomena will be experienced. Performance. Especially vith respect to physical appear ance and performance, the substituted vax composition must possess the working characteristics of the natural vax vith reference to the particular end use application of the substitute. IV. PREPARATION OP CARNAUBA WAX SUBSTITUTES The early vork done both in America and in Europe to prepare carnauba vax substitutes was based largely on blending materials such as paraf fin vax, ceresln, colophony, montan vax, beeswax, candelllla vax, ozo kerite and shellac vax to arrive at a blend possessing properties simi lar to carnauba vax. Like the case of carnauba vax, several of these naturally occurring substitute materials have increased in price and have beoome scarce. Also, vith the use of naturally occurring waxes there has always been the problem of maintaining uniform quality. These factors led to the recent interest in Aroclors as extenders or substitutes for carnauba vax. A number of suggested blends and the characteristics are given in the following table. 3 AONS 07S238 iigkiteHiiSSgSj . TABLE I. COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP AROCLOR-VAX BLENDS Parts by Ho. Composition Weight Color Softening Melting TexturePointPoint Aroclor 1268 5.0 Aroolor 1242 2.5 (l) Carnauba vax 2.5 i Ceresln 20,0 Paraffin 70.0 Aroolor 1268 10.0 Aroolor 1242 5.0 (2) Carnauba vax 5.0 Ceresln 20.0 Paraffin 60.0 Light Smooth; hard Cream non-taclcy 58C. Pale Similar to yellov, above vhite 60C. 67.5C. 78C. Aroolor 1268 19.6 Aroolor 1242 4.9 (3) Carnauba vax 6.8 ' Ceresln 19.6 Paraffin 49.0 Pale Similar to yellov above 77C. 79C. Aroclor 1268 30.0 Aroolor 1242 5.0 (4) Carnauba vax 10.0 Ceresln 20.0 Paraffin 35.0 Pale Smooth, hard, yellov slightly brittle 78C. 78C. Aroclor 1268 35.0 , Aj'oolor 1242 5.0 , (5) Carnauba vax 30.0 ( Ceresln 20.0 , Paraffin 10.0 , Aroolor 1268 Aroclor 1242 Carnauba vax Ceresln 35,0 5.0 40.0 20.0 Pale Slight surface 79C. cream crystallinity 86C. . Cream Similar to above 8lC. 86.5C. Aroolor 1268 35.0 ) Aroclor 1242 5.0 ) 17) Carnauba vax 50.0 ) Ceresln 10.0 Cream ,,. Smooth; oarnau- 80.5C. ba ringed surface ___ 88C. 4, MGNS 078239 It should be noted that a liquid or plasticizer-type Aroclor such as Aroclor 1248 is used in combination vlth the resinous-type Aroolor 1268. This is done to enhance the compatibility of the resinous type Aroclors with the vax and to increase solubility of the blend in inexpensive solvents such as mineral spirits. Mixtures of Aroclors 1254 and 5460 are also suggested for preparing the vax blends. A good commercial natural brovn grade of coresin vax is incorporated for binding and absorption of all surplus liquid in the vax blend. The standard vhlte commercial grade of paraffin vax, melting point 135_l40P., is used largely as a filler. The type of carnauba vax used in preparing the blends is prime yellov vlth a melting point of 84.5C. , All of these compositions possess excellent molding properties and vould be entirely suitable for the manufacture of molded products. Mixtures No. 5, 6 and 7 can be especially recommended for this pur pose or for electrical insulation vork. Mixture No. 4 is excellent for use in polishes. V. TYPICAL FORMULAE OF POLISHES The folloving are typical formulae for a household polish and a car polisht Household Polish Composition Parts by veight Composition No. 4 (Table I) . . 1 Natural ozokerite .......................... 3 Paraffin, hard .....................................26 Mineral spirits ............................... 70 Characteristics. This is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good p613siring properties on vood and linoleum. Car Polish Composition Parts by veight Composition No. 4 (Table I) . . Candelllla vax.................................... Natural ozokerite ........................... Mineral spirits ............................... 15 2 3 80 HONS 078240 Characteristics. This Is a smooth paste possessing good polishing properties on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery. VI. AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS WITHOUT CARNAUBA WAX Ourlcury vax Is less expensive than carnauba, generally much harder, with a melting point of 89-95C. and has equally good lusterproducing properties, lhe drawbacks of ourlcury vax are Inorganic Impurities, chiefly admixed silica, and Its dark color usually ranging from light chocolate brown to very dark brown. The following formulation Illustrates the replacement of carnauba with a purified commercial grade, medium brown ourlcury wax pos sessing a melting point of o9C. acid value 11.0 and saponifica tion value of 86.1: ' Composition Parts by weight Aroolor 5460.............................. 30 Aroolor 1242........................ 5 Ourlcury wax.............................. 30 Ceresln.......................................... 20 Paraffin..................................... 15 Characteristics: ~! Color -- ` Light buff. Texture -- Very smooth, hard Softening Point-- 60C. Melting Point-- 7d.5C. . The following car polish vas made according to this formula: . Car Polish (Ourlcury) Composition Parts by weight Wax blend (as prepared above). . 8 Natural ozokerite............................... 2 Paraffin, hard..................................10 Aroclor 1242 ...................................... 5* Mineral spirits ............................. 75* "Dissolved vlth agitation before adding to the molten vaxes. (it is noteworthy that aluminum stearate should not be used In this composition.) m NCNS 078741 Characteristics: . - The color of this composition is a light brovnish-tan similar to polishes made from fatty gray carnauba wax. It has good pol ishing properties on all types of surfaces. VII. TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE USE OP AROCLORS In the manufacture of wax compositions containing Aroclors, precau tions should be taken to avoid breathing the vapors from hot Aroolors. In this connection, the atmosphere of the workroom should be vented by the use of a suitable exhaust fan in line with ordinary and good factory operating praotioe. When Aroclors are used at normal temperatures, usually only normal precautions relative to the handling of chemicals or ordinary clean liness concerning commercial plant practice are followed. With reference to the normal end use of polishes containing Aroclors as suggested in the formulations given in this bulletin, it is not expected that the Aroclors vould present a problem of toxicity to humans. This is based on the following information reported by a reliable source: It vas determined by the skin patch test procedure given by Dr. Louis' Schwartz and Dr. Samuel M. Peck in Reprint No. 2552 from the Public Health Reports, Vol. 59, No. 17 (April 28, 1944) that cotton fabric coated vit)i Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin in such a manner that each square inoh of fabric contained 10.5 mg. of Aroclor 5460, vas neither a skin irritant nor a sensitizer. VIII. GENERAL COMMENTS 1. The use of a selected mixture of Aroolors permits the exten sion or substitution of carnauba wax to a substantial amount without detracting from the desired characteristics of the finished polishing wax formulation. This is accomplished at an attractive saving in cost. 7. MQNS 0742AI 8. Using a selected mixture of Aroclors and ouricury vax, it Is . possible to completely eliminate carnauba wax. 3- Polishing compositions of this type are excellent for use on practically all wood, leather, paint and linoleum surfaces. . Th Information contained In this bulletin is to our best know ledge true and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since the conditions of use are be yond our control. Monsanto Chemical Company disclaims any lia bility Incurred In connection with the use of these data or sug gestions. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product In conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY St. Louis 4, Mo. Nev York-Chlcago-Boston-Blrmlngham-Charlotte-Clnclnnatl-Cleveland Detrolt-Philadelphla-Los Angeles-San Franclsco-Montreal POB/rh MGNS 078243