Document xKQj1ka87E423JQoqp0gk5Vm

oo U.S. DEPARTMENT O DANIEL C. ROPER BUREAU OF SCOTT TURNER. --------- MINERALS Y 1932- O. E. KIESS Chief Economist, Division N49758 UNITED ST GOVERNMENT PRIN WASHINGTO {For tale by the Superintendent of Document*, W w 52 MINERALS YEARBOOK World smeller production of copper, 1928-32, in metric tons Country 1 NortChanAamdeari*c.a..:...... Mexico................. United States South America: CPehrilue.................... Eun>ACh|>ucrt.rlse.jrtclruliHaint.s.I8.n..v...a...k..l..n......................... FFirnalnacned.......................................... (Jernmoy 7- -- ........ Great Britain .............. INtaolryw..a...y............................................ RHuimssmian.l.a..v.................................... Spain.............................. . SYwuegdoesnla"vi.a.................................. Asia: China ................ Chosen................. India. British... Japan.................... 1928 1920 1930 1031 9541001,,,048140945 9795288,..790980179 1,014,928 1, 130,447 71250491,,,050512415 885,190 JI 1ID3.,15)8080 537, 175 32037628,,,009909107 400,0 27542., 920902 327, 102 i30533,.198082 357,150 J20487,,021817 265, 298 215. 000 44.305 200, (KM (*) , 22,531 (> 391,,,407221100 422I1HKI1375,.,,..,45M977M3M000086982Mi0008l800) 152,599 4,309057 08,233 I 73.235 381...9H0490051 531.,000100 3 2222258.,,,040541003054090053 240.,704785 173.334 I 647 751,.4G0019 81. 140 1441,,,005724010 I, 207 59, 200 18,000 22250254,.,,,924(15iX0940n2X290o33) 183.200 7139,,,200602383329 83,847 3, 235 31, 400 1,215 "j i.'ix'xi 55, 6IH) 10.000 721 (i4), 352 8 27. (XX) 25. 734 2.854 24,351 103,302 (<<>) 'Vj'ooo 50.000 wr- (*) () a w <) 740 .,14G1305O478O 81,299 Africa: Belgian Congo...................... JlhoUesIn: Nortliorn........................ Southern........................ Union of South Africa----- Ocennla: Australia. > 010,001) is smelted In Asiatic Turkey, hut data of output are noj 1 In addition to the countries listed, copper "vrCopper content of blister produced i Approximate |>rochlcllii. forcicn ores, e..xeclulussiivvee 0o1f ssccrraapp. Tile production from dofnejtlt ^ lunons: lira. !W,470 tons; 1030, 032,481 tons; l * '""s; ,w#-!KWi 'T?S3S^^'co,;per only in Oddltl.n ^ of refined copper which ,Sp TMtput r?porWd under the latter country. Stnt. Zusemmenstell.) . Approxhnate production. (Imp. Inst., London.) Smelter output from domestic ores. 10 l^ess than l ton. n Year ended Sept. 30. * Exclusive ol material from scrap. . ... u Exports of Inpots and slabs. , ,. neiE|nn Conpo, the following , nHBelElumt*ftnm,>ninttornnd nhoy^produced1^ the Beslan Congo; .028, 940 tons; .920, 1,453 tons, . 2,545 tons. ( m70,64.#. ~t}T By C. W. Wr ig h t a n d H. M. Me y Domostic production of lend in 1032 was 28 decrease of I .r,4,403 tons (35 percent) from the 19 most metals, the lack of demand or consumpt conditions was the principal cause of this declin of secondary pig lead--amounting to 128,000 t entirely from old storage batteries--did not decre responsible for the lack of demand for prima amount of second'ary lead recovered in 1932 was 78 percent 1 of the recovery of priimary domestic lead, t The decline in con 900 , Production-/ 800 v> ` *.**,/4.Y1 pri--e -- p 700 /Con"""s"umption.TT7-' g 600 sumption has been so :-|fapia that the pro ducers have been un able to adjust them selves to it, and this, 300 ith the reduction in he market price for gad, has been disns6ps financially to ven the strongest 100 --Sto c1ks * 1926 1927 ------- 1928 1929 ompanies and lias FiounE 3.--Trends In production, con primary lead in the Unite fyiised complete sus pension of numerous important lead-producing tirtailment in output nor the reduction in prico dad from increasing to a total of 176,000 tons at equilibrium of the market requires further curta ha year or more, as well as improvement in ge dkeworthy, however, that while domestic prod t tput 35 percent below that of 1931, foreign pro illy 12 percent in 1932. Figure 3 shows trends in production, consu Jfides of primary lead in the United States for t The following summary table includes the sa d industry in the United States for 1931 and :Jt is evident that consumption must increase ther to reduce stocks on liand. As for tlie advance in mining and metallurg `Sarch on uses of lead by producing companie the record of the past year offers virtually n 54 MINERAL? YEARBOOK Salient statistics of the lead industry in the United Slates, 1931-32 1031 1032 Production of refined primary lend: From domestic ores............................. From foreign ores and base bullion. .short tons. ............do... 30602.. 5ZO04O Recovery of secondary lend* As pip lead.................................................................................................................do. In alloys................................................... .................................................................. do. Total production of pip lead (primary and secondary)........................................ do... Imports (concral): ` Lent! m base bullion.................................................................................. ............ do... Lend In ore................................................................................................................. do... Exports of refined pip lead............................................................................................ do... Refined primary lead available for consumption....................................................do... Estimated consumption of primary and secondary lead...................................... do... Prices per pound of refined lead at New York: Highest monthly average......................................................................................cents. Lowest monthly average........................................................................................ do... Average for year........................................................................................................do... Quotation at end of year........................................................................... do... Mine production of recoverable lead................................................................short tons. Southeastern Missouri district......................................................... percent of total. Utah.............................................................................................................................do... Idaho............................................................................................................................do. Joplin (. tri'S. tato. l re.g..i.o..n................. . ___ do... AUilloo"ther...................................................................................................................do.. World smelter production of lend......................... ......................................... metric tons. United States.........................................................................................percent of total. Mexico. ,.................................................................................................................do. Australia...................................................................................................................... do.. Canada.......................................................................................................................do.. Spain............................................................................................................................. do.. All other.......................................................................................................................do.. 128, m 105,900 234. 700 32, 320 20,888 21,005 410,606 567,700 4.80 3.79 4.24 3.75 404.022 39 20 25 5 II 1,401,000 27 ID 11 98 29 108,300 1 Subject to revision. . Capital has not been available for technical improvements in eithe. mining or metallurgical practice due to forced economies and to the fact that most plants have a larger capacity than is needed. The lead production of the United States, compared with world production and with that of copper and zinc, is shown in figure 1 on page 1. ' The similarity of the graphs in trend and tonnage is noteworth; A study of these and of the production tables shows a relatively greater decrease in the lead production of the United States compared with world output than in that of copper and zinc. Curtailment ` lead output in foreign countries in 1932 was only 12 percent compar with a 33 percent decrease in the output of the United States exclu sive of refined lead from foreign base bullion. The reason is tha foreign consumption declined only 10 percent as against a decrease <jt 31 percent in the United States. Except the United States, Mexi shows the greatest reduction in output--84,000 metric tons--follows by Poland with a 20,000-ton decrease, while the lead production i Australia was increased 25,000 tons due to addition of the Moun Isa output. In Italy the 1932 production increased 6,800 tons. i Prices.--The average New York market price for lead in 1932 w 3.18 cents per pound compared with 4.24 in 1931 and 6.83 in 192 There was a period of extremely low prices in July, when the quotJ tion reached an all-time low of 2.65. Although prices rose to 3. , in August, at the end of the year they were again down to 3 con* St. Louis monthly prices were 0.10 to 0.21 cents below the New Yor quotations. LEAD has never enabled tL United s fS'nrhTng th.a differential. Internal rorSSS f producers to : touch below the possible London parity"0'"' keepu,S ,,,,,v I,;"' pi. if'* ' Month 1030 1931 fit. Louis New York London! St. Louis Nw York Jaouary... f February.. I March.. /April.. f May........ t'tfane*. ^September... jf October......... giNoveraber.. December. Average. . n. 10 - 6.09 5. 59 5. 43 5.41 5.31 5. 15 5. 33 5. 35 5.00 4, 05 4. 95 5.38 6. 25 6.24 5. 67 5. 53 5.51 5.39 5.23 5.40 5. 49 6. 15 6. 10 6. 10 5. 52 4. OS 4.60 4.08 4.09 3.86 3.69 3. 94 3.98 3. 89 3.42 3. 45 3.31 * 3. 92 4. 00 4.33 4.28 4.17 3. 65 3.76 4.23 4.22 4.22 3.78 3. 70 3. 59 4.05 4.90 4.54 4.63 4. 39 3.82 3.92 4. 40 4. 40 4.33 3.06 3.94 3. 70 4. 24 '8t. Louis: Metal Statistics, 1933. p. 333. Average daily quotations ofsoft Mis LfoMn market), as reported daily In the American Metal Market. r- New York: American Melal Market, dally issues. Pip lead, New York (outsi Atteot from West. |t London: Metal Statistics, 1933, p. 337. Average price of foreign lead. Trice p lb Metal Statistics, converted to cents per pound at average exchange rate reporte . * London quotations in pounds sterling per long ton, as follows: 1030, 18.076; 19 Consumption by uses.--The quantity of lead in all y domestic industry is estimated by the American B ttatistics to be as shown in the following table: .head consumed in the United Slates,1 1928-32, m sh fhlte lead 1................... i feed and litharge * .-few batteries*.. ' in UWdelncogv*e..ri.n.g * " * Automobiles. llway equipment uildJog *. SI metal r.., ........... Ingr.., .......... i`tlnrugsseis... : Total. 123.000 31.000 220,000 180,000 96.000 17.000 2,500 100 39,600 4, 400 35.000 32.000 37.000 17.000 32.000 18.000 46,000 930,600 119,700 3a ooo 210.000 220.000 96.000 18.000 5. 700 300 41.100 4,200 39.800 33.000 37.000 18.000 31.500 18,000 60,000 972,300 83,900 32,000 163.000 208.000 67.000 11.000 6,200 00 33,300 2, 700 20.000 30.006 27.000 16, 000 21.000 12,000 40,000 768,600 y u.a. urenu of Mines for 1028. itttive of oxides tor storage batteries. on JwS M thl MtlmW the le"d ud chlmlCT Later figure, h. Industry. Pr UD,t of ma <0"p~iObnytbe railway,. 56 MINERALS YEARBOOK Lead consumed in the United States in 1932 was only approximately 400,000 tons, a docrease of 30 percent from 1931 and 59 percent from 1929, the year of record consumption. The storage-battery indus tries ranked first as consumers of lead, followed by its use as cable covering and as white lead in paints. The consumption in storage batteries is estimated at 138,000 tons in 1932, a reduction of 12 percent from 1931. Much of the lend used in storage batteries is of secondary origin. Consumption in the cable industry dropped 53 percent compared with that of 1931 and 75 percent compared with 1929, reflecting the economies necessary in the communication business and lack of capital for new undertakings. The above table shows that slightly less lead was consumed as white lead than for cable covering. An amount of lead oxide nearly equal to that indicated as white lead was consumed in storage batteries. There was a 45 percent reduction in consumption for building pur poses and a 22 percent reduction in the use of lead for ammunition compared with 1931. PRIMARY LEAD Refinery production.--The following table traces the production of refined primary lead in the United States from 1928 to 1932. Refined primary lead produced in the United States, 1928-82 Year Production (short tons) Sources (short tons) Value Desilver ized lead * * Desil verized soft lead Soft lead * Total pro duction 1 From domestic ores and base bul lion From foreign ores From foreign base bullion Average per pound Total . 1928...................... 1029...................... 1930...................... 1931...................... 1032...................... 506.603 483.622 306,094 203,9)9 189,707 40,405 65,660 46.578 40, 456 35. 624 225.003 235,345 201.361 138, 389 63,130 781,071 774.633 643,033 442, 764 288,301 026,202 072,498 573, 740 390,260 255,337 26, 032 29,075 34, 348 22,254 21,747 128, 237 72,460 34.946 30,250 11,277 $0.058 $90.004.000 .063 97,604,000 .050 64,303,000 .037 32.765.000 .030 17,302,000 The Jcnd content of antimonial lead Is excluded (see p.57). * Desilverized soft lead is excluded. The 1932 production of refined primary lead from domestic ores in the United states was 35 percent less than in 1931 and 55 percent less than in 1930. Lend derived from smelting foreign ores aeclined but little, while that from foreign base bullion decreased 63 percent Source of ore.--The following table shows the source of foreign or" smelted and refined in the United States in 1932. The total le production from domestic ores is added, the approximate details of 1 source being given in a table on mine production on page 58. The figures for total lead produced from domestic ore include both base bullion and refined lead and thus contain a large part of th antimonial lead produced from domestic ores. , The sharp decline in production of refined lead from Mexican baji bullion in recent years is ascribed to the completion of additioni refining capacity in Mexico and to more favorable freight rates fro' smelters to points of export in Mexico. LEAD Primary lead smelled or refined, in the United Slates, 1928-32, Source Domestic ore Foreign ore: ' Australia............... Cannda.. Europo............. ` . Mexico. ........ '*. South America.,. Other foreign Foreign base bullion: Mexico................... South America... fJraml total. M2, 097 10, 102.712 M. 819 1,508 31 117. 193 11,044 154,809 797. fiflfl 085. 992 9, 4995 28 10.807 3. 285 61 61,295 21. 105 102,136 788. 127 eroufoJefo7fhe ffcrPnliSl ^rf0<]uced Principally fro dUndesi7eriz^ccoonntteennt t^and is resistant to corrosion by acids. I pipe^and sheets*! 13 USed chiefly in the ma Soft lead produced in the United Slates from domestic ores, 1 Year Soft pig lead Undesfl- Desil verb.ed verized Total Soft lead recovered Tot In pig l ments 1928. 1939. 1930. 1031. 1932.. 225,003 235,345 201,361 138. 389 03,130 49.465 55,060 45, 578 40,450 35, 524 274,468 291,011 246, 939 178,845 98, 654 10. 465 9,429 8.086 5, 722 4,932 28 30 25 18 10 TLWJ'?* dmTMU C!ed In . --------- 'f-Antimonml lead.--The principal uses of antimonia ed soft lead. by mixing metall Antimonial lead produced at primary lead refineries Production (short tons) From foreign oro From scrap Total 17,930 17,063 8,918 8 16,128 8,607 $4,793 12.418 17,675 11,080 h(') 45,470 43,244 24,797 21,842 21,024 Segregation discontinued. Antimony content Lead con Short tons 4.787 4.935 2.967 2,438 2,495 Percent age 10.5 H.4 12.0 11. 2 11.9 From domestic ore S3 3.628 3,577 1 Not recorded 58 MINERALS YEARBOOK Pigments.--Refined pig lead is used in the manufacture of white lead, litharge, red lead, sublimed lead, and orange mineral. Sublimed lead and leaded zinc oxide are the principal pigments derived directly from lead-zinc ores. Lead in pigments, 1 1928-32, by sources, in short tons Year Lend In pigments from Domestic ore 1 Metal Scrap Total Year Lead In pigments from-- Metnl Scrap Total 1928................ 1930............... 10.405 9. 420 0.080 242,914 248.657 100.182 054 254,033 2.427 200.513 089 197,557 1931.. 1932. 5, 722 10fl, 328 4,932 127,318 710 172,760 202 132,512 i Includes also lend recovered In 7,Inc oxide and leaded zinc oxide. * No pigments from foreign ore. The pigment industries ranked first in 1932 as consumers of primary lead. The 132,000 tons of primary lead used in the manufacture of, pigments were about 50 percent of the primary lead production. The principal uses of pigments are in the manufacture of paints and storage batteries. Further details are given in the chapter on Lead; and Zinc Pigments and Salts. .. . .. . Mine production.--Detailed information on mining activities in the various districts of the United States can be found in the chapters, dealing with the mine production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the various States. , The following tables show the mine production of recoverable lead , by States and by districts from 1928 to 1932: Mine production of recoverable lead, 1928-92, by States, in short tons State Kansas.................................................................. 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932' 1.019 7,100 38 040 20. 751 145,323 385 25, 270* 39 105, 393. 10.880 7,874 7,805 43.08?' 7 37 348 145,915 w 542 1,098 * 027,163 1,315 8,027 51 715 24, 445 14R.095 443 20,590 287 198.409 19.007 9.840 11.130 40,513. 10 425 149,377 < ) 508 1,530 047,995 1,305 4,240 53 1,780 22. 130 134,058 248 12,910 101 100,032 10,053 11,529 10.378 o 23,052 5 (>> 198 115, 495 0) 570 1,537 8, 307 558,313 1,001 982 78 1.879 0,884 90,305 205 7,082 100, 121 4,430 7,930 11,209 () 13,210 2 (>> 79,212 c) 1,386 952 7,974 404.022 1,280 1 1,000! MOO1 2,000, 71,0C0j 31 ] 6,400 ii7,i 1,190' 630; 10,780; 0) t 10,634 1 (>) | 61,240 0) 1 940 919 4,48) 290,911 * Subject to revtsloo. *I_n_c_l_u_d__e_d__u_n__d_e_r " Undist_ri_b_u__ted." Bureau of Mines not at liberty to publish figures. * Bureau of Mines not at liberty to publish figures. ... . . . Mn..Kiuhl i Exclusive of the output from Virginia, figures for which the Bureau of Mines Is not at liberty to publlrtj LEAD .. Of the total 1932 mine output, Missour 24 percent, Utah 21 percent, and New M cent each. The total mine production w for 1931. SECONDARY LE The leading consumer of lead and the : return of secondary metal is the storage '198,300 tons of secondary lead were reco half was from storage batteries. The ba was from cable piping, bearing, and type . This recovery of secondary lead, whic 78 percent of the production of primary d serious handicap to the lead-mining ind secondary lead are given in the chapter o Secondary lead recovered in the Unite Year Pig lead (short tons) Lead allo (sh ton 1929 1930. 1931 1932. 138.000 138,500 129,000 128,800 128,000 17 17 12 10 70 * Compiled by J. P. Dunlop, of the Bureau of Mines. IMPORTS AND EXP : Imports of lead in base bullion, which co ecreased 58 percent in 1932, while impo mained virtually the same as for 1931 ffsetting in part the decrease from Mexic ""7 lead show a small increase in tonnage In the following tables the lead impor ears by classes and by countries. Th -rnded warehouses in various forms at t given. The last two tables show the tonn By classes and by destinations. Statistics on imports for consumption, ollow, include imports entered for immed rawals from warehouses for domestic con ead imported is smelted and refined in bo ported for consumption is much less th 60 MINERALS YEARBOOK Lead imported into the United States, 1928-32, by classes, in short tons lOencral Imports] Year Land In oro and matte Lead In Pips, bars, base bul sheets, and lion old Total lead content 1028.......................... ..................................................................... 1930..................................--.........*............................... 1031..................................................... ............................ .............. 1032................... .............................- ...................... .................. 25,915 20.888 21.001 J28,408 83, 071 38.030 32. 320 13.402 001 1.057 209 10 41 155,044 110,059 78,216 53, 218 34,507 * Reclaimed scrap, etc. No Imports of pigs, bars, etc., worn recorded for 10.11. Lead imported into the United Stales, in ore, base bullion, and refined, 1928-32, by . sources, in short tons (Goneral imports] Year Canada 1931................................................. 1932................................................. 7.177 4.512 17,268 2,018 2, 469 Mexico South America F,urope ____--_______ ----------- ------ 137, 593 87,930 30, 721 38. 708 13, 545 JO, 204 23.520 22, 472 2,171 2,811 28 5,053 Other countries -- ... 43 MO, 039 Total 155,044 110,059 78,216 53,218 34,607 i Of this total, 0,703 short tons were from NowfoumJInnO^ i Of this total, 10,508 short tons woro from Newfoundland and Labrador. Lead imported into the United States, in ore and matte, 1928-32, by countries, in short tons lOenern! Imports] Country Canada.................................. Chile...................................... Mexico.......... . Newfoundland and labrador Peru............................................. Sweden....................................... Other countries......................... 1028 7,131 504 17,055 "i'l70 ........ 55 25,016 3.953 2, 295 23,415 (0 1,001 .......... 07 31,331 1931 17,257 3,313 10.341 831 "l'035 39.377 2,014. 1.800 6,495 9, 70S 194 ........ii 20,888 2,49 2,211 IN 10,8T c 5,C 21," Less than 1 ton. Lead imported into the United Stales, in base bullion, 1928-32, by countries, short Ions lOoneral imports] Country Mexico................. Fern...................... Other countries.. 119,935 8, 625 128, 468 03, 458 19,605 83,071 20,350 18,280 38,630 32,210 110 LEAD Lead remaining m warehouses in the United States, Dece tons [Stated In the form In which the material i * entered Year Lend In Lead fn ore and matte bbuallsioen rips, bars, sheets, and old Year 48, 823 00, 207 39,510 08,750 75. 434 1 5,042 4,130 1.328 o 1931................ 1932................ I Pigs, bars, and old included with base bullion; not recorded separately Lead imported for consumption in the United States, Lead n ore and njatte i Year Short tons Vaiuo Lead In base bullion Pigs, bars, and old She A Short tons Vaiuo Short tons Vaiuo Sho ton 1928 23,256 <2,626,231 6. 099 1929 10.823 1,160. 533 6,198 1930 15.458 1931 10, 734 1,461,350 10.423 1. 104, 191 10, 430 1982 9,047 803,135 2,674 <500,983 027,455 1,127, 920 071,002 131,679 10. 244 10.089 571 > 10 44 <808. 359 1,052.087 00. 493 1.703 2,031 3 4 4 4 6 ''L-0 *>* l Reolalmed scrap, etc. No imports of pigs, bars, etc., recorded for 1931 f Miscellaneous products containing lead imported for con * Slates, 1928-32 Year Babbitt metal, solder, white metal, and other combinations contain* Ing lead Typ Gross Lead weight content (short tons) (short tons) Value Gr we (shor 938 1,605 1,399 906 498 423 <569,486 663 777,354 630 593, 103 310 436, 574 191 143,662 Refined lead exported from the United States BP--------Pigs, bars, and old ifMr Bra Short tons Value Foreign lead exported In manufAC* lures with benefit of drawback (short tons) Year Pigs, Short to Qp *"i-* Err-- 116.209 <10,359,221 73,261 7.178.837 48,307 3,604,213 13,224 1931.............. 13,080 1932.......... . 12,161 21,6 23,6 m&y' . ... at;' 62 MINERALS YEARBOOK Refined pig lead exported from, the United Slates, 1928-32, by destinations, m short tons 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 Argentina.................. Uraall.......................... Canada................... .. France........................ Germany................... Japan......................... Mexico..................... . Netherlands............ Philippine Islands. Sweden.................... United Kingdom.. Uruguay.................. Other......................... North America........ South America......... Europe....................... Asia............................. Africa and Oceania. CONTINENTS 1.243 2,439 132 4, 628 23.552 21,210 79 5.088 210 5,310 43.428 384 8. 654 599 1,538 141 2, 202 9.745 16,416 83 1,522 111 7,255 23.732 448 0, 469 934 874 9 3,001 823 15. 653 40 22 543 7,557 9, 157 364 9,330 220 1,382 58 318 62 17,301 171 13 400 392 145 1,204 116, 269 73,251 48,307 21,665 472 093 318 435 . 4.834 3.852 2,442 1,903 . 87.161 50.049 27.899 795 . 23,802 18,055 17,289 18,524 2 359 8 116.269 73, 251 48,307 21,665 759 133 224 1,344 20,219 13 112 475 84 153 23,516 160 863 1,793 20.700 23,516 WORLD PRODUCTION ' World smelter production in 1932 totaled 1,157,000 metric tons, of which the United States produced 251,365 tons (22 percent) as against 27 percent in 1931. _ ,. In spite of the low price for lead in the United States production continued to exceed consumption, Mexican production shrank con siderably, but there was an increased production in Australia. .9 total figures show only a 12 percent curtailment in the foreign pro duction against a 33 percent reduction in the United States output exclusive of refined lead from foreign base bullion. Further curtail ment is necessary both in the United States and foreign, countries to reduce stocks and bring the lead output into equilibrium with its market. . ,.. ' For the first time in many years the United States lead mines were second on the monthly production-record list. During duly an August of 1932, Australian mines were first. The world output during recent months seems to have come to a resting point at abou 100,000 tons per month. . ,, The lead situation abroad has been complicated by depreciated lor: eign exchange, which enables the foreign countries off the gold stand ard to sell their production on a more favorable exchange basis wherens payment for labor is made in depreciated currency. Au=*" lia is a good example of this situation. . The following table shows the world smelter production of lea from 1928-32, so far as statistics are available. Official figures >- used wherever possible. ... ... Duplication in figures showing world production is always possible as some countries sent "work lead" or base bullion to other country for refining. Furthermore, secondary lead and antimonial lead a often included in the figures of foreign production, whereas the figir for the United States represent only refined primary lead smelted this country, whatever the source of the ore; refined lead produ from foreign base bullion is excluded. LEAD World production of lead, 1928-82, in Country * 1928 1929 Argentina........................ Australia......................... . Austria............................ Belgium....................... Canada............................. Chosen............................. Chechoslovakia............... France............................. Germany *........................ Great Britain................... Greece................................ Hungary.............. ............. India (Burma)................ Indo-Chioa................... Italy........................... Japan................................. Mexico............................... Northern Rhodesia........ Norway............................. Peru................................... Poland......................... Portugal............................ Rumania..................... Russia................................ 8outh-West Africa 7_ Spaln............................ Tunisia.............................. Turkey.............................. United States (refined) f Yugoslavia....................... 8,291 157, 605 & J36 80,200 136,501 719 3,005 22. 650 87,000 8. 638 7,306 () 79.642 10 21,220 3.053 227.800 4, 751 5 300 14,460 37,078 84 537 * 2, 592 5.004 130.950 17.606 8,062 692,238 13,875 1,686,000 9.02 180, 3 0. 5 82.85 138. 0 3 4,00 20, 35 97,90 10. 83 6, 30 10 81,62 22,66 3,37 230, 95 1,66 * 30 19,44 35. 78 9 56 6, 20 2,80 142, 75 18,85 7. 32 036. 99 9,47 1, 786.00 ! P* j PJ?11.^85 "'here smelted but not necessarily refined. |In addition to the countries listed China smelts lead, but no rel .1 Approximate production. : * Exclusive of secondary material (Metallgesellschaft, Frankfort 'Data not available. 1 Year eoded Sept. 30. * | Yar ended Mar. 31 of year following that stated. baseifullMnnot^nduitoJ10 rennef* Bnt^ *eR<^ rnnetl from foreign o Australia,.'--The increase of 24,600 long t production is due largely to the increased properties in Queensland. About 75,000 averaging over 10 percent lead and 5 oun treated at this mine. A third blast furnac Were installed at the smelter, raising the c bullion per month. As in the past, the m "*ived from the lead and zinc concentrate Hill district. Reduction in wage scales and f tea aided producers in this district in 1932 r ;our principal companies were operatin living reopened in April after having been ,. provements at the Port Pirie lead smelte SteriaJs and the continuous softening and noteworthy. Exports of bullion and refined lead incre d amounted to 172,000 tons. Europe too at Britain being by far the largest co tlr country increased about 18 percent, Mount Isa bullion to the Northfleet refin 10-percent tariff on non-British lead imp orts of lead ore and concentrates decreas 64 MINERALS YEARBOOK Canada.--Canada's output of lead shows a relatively small decrease for 1932 It is produced almost entirely by the Sullivan mine or the Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co. The ore is a massive sulphide averaging about 12 percent zinc, 10 percent lead, and 3 ounces silver. It is noteworthy that despite the lower price for lead this mine could continue production at about tho same rate as in 1931 "'V,'11, , sales of metal kept pace with the output. A total of 1,447,448 shorty tons was milled at this property in a flotation plant of high efficiency. Production from the Mayo district, Yukon territory, dropped from 2,227 tons in 1931 to 1,928 tons in 1932. ,, A large part of Canada's lead production is exported, in 1.132, 107.000 short tons of pig load or 85 percent of tho total production was shipped abroad. Great Britain took 57 percent and Japan 20 percent of the total. The 27-percent increase m shipments to Great Britain may be ascribed in part to the tariff imposed on non-British lead there. About 1,857 tons of lead in the form of ore were also exported in 1932. , ,, , . Germany.--Germany ranks third in consumption of lead and sixth in smelter production. In 1932 it consumed about m OOO metric tons and smelted about 95,000 tons but mined only 43,000 tons, lo meet the requirements of industry and the export trade, 51^,000 ton of pig lead and 67,000 tons of lead ore were imported. Ihere were 5.000 tons of ore and 23,000 tons of pig lead exported Newfound land supplied 48 percent and Yugoslavia 19 percent of the lead ore imported. The principal sources of the pig lead were Australia, which supplied 48 percent of the total, and Mexico, 17 percent. Imports of lead ore increased 36 percent, whereas exports decreased 78 percent. The pig lead exported went to neighboring Europe* ^ countries. , . ,, , , During the current depression primary production of lead in Ger many has been maintained fairly well, in spite of a severe decline in consumption. Comparing 1932 with the 5-year average (1925 to 1929), it is found that consumption dropped 38 percent, whereas smelter production increased 14 percent. Mine production declined only 8 percent. During 1932 the policy of Government aid through loans was continued on a broader basis by creation of a 6,000,090mark fund, to be advanced to privately operated lead and zinc^ ^Mexico.-- Smelter production of lead in Mexico decreased 38 percent in 1932. This decline was due in part to unfavorable exchange conditions and imposition of the British tariff on lead, which great! reduced the imports of Mexican lead into Great Britain, in change from the gold peso to the silver peso in 1931 and the decline exchange that followed gave the Mexican producer of lead an advatt tage in the European markets in 1931. However, depreciation in th currencies of the lead-producing countries of the British Gmplr following abandonment of the gold standard by Great Britain offs? this advantage gained by Mexico. ,, , Spain.--Notwithstanding the low prices for lead and the politic disturbances in Spain the decline in lead production was less seve than in many other countries. Smelter production declined frol 109,630 metric tons in 1931 to 105,807 tons in 1932 (3 percent Exports of pig lead decreased from 83,000 to 79,000 tons. Impo I of Spanish lead into Great Britain were reduced 79 percent, owing the British tariff and the exchange situation, offset by increased shipments to France and over o0 percent of the total in 1932. In Marc called a conference of the leading mining com and moans of ameliorating the serious situa continued low prices and of averting increase uy cessation of operations at the mines. So State aid in the form of loans amounting to apparently n. final decision was not reached. plicated by the fact tlmt some of the largest foreign companies. . Belgium.--Belgium ranked third in Europe K m ,wor t procl",ctlon ,n i032' with a /U.UOO nifitnc ton3, only l percent under th smelted m Belgium is derived largely from fo were imported in 1932 compar 1931. Much lead is also derived from resi ores smelted m Belgium. In 1932 Belgium i pig lead, scrap, etc., and exported 49,000 to pipes, sheets, etc. Bawd win mines of the Burma sible foi the entire output of lead from India of the ore extracted was, lead, 22.6 percent; zin 1.48 percent; and silver, 20.1 ounces. Con economy in the cost of production made it poss improvement for 1932 despite the decline in Hie total lend production declined only 5 pe lead declined from 68,640 long tons in 1931 to II percent. Great Britain took 75 percent a . the 1932 shipments. In contrast to Austra increased their exports to Great Britain in declined 9 percent. Great Britain produces less worlds lead but ranks second in consumptio 21 percent of the total. This demand is supp tion. In 1932, 266,000 longs tons of pigs ana decrease of 14 percent from 1931. A larger Was derived from the British dominions in 193 ^imposition of a 10 percent tariff on non-B 1932. In 1932 Canada, Australia, and British pent of the total imports compared with 64 pe ftom Mexico and the United States dropped there was a large increase in shipments from ow of lead bullion from Mount Isa. Appro ?s, sheets, and pipe were exported in 1932. jead consumption in Great Britain has he oughout the current depression. During th 29 the yearly consumption averaged abo Bring 1930 it was about 266,000 tons; and in tter being equivalent to 99 percent of the av e consumption m 1932 amounted to 221,000 .predeprcssion average. In the British Em n has also been well maintained. From 1 tput averaged 361,000 tons. In 1930 the ou GO MINERALS YEARBOOK hut in 1931 dropped to 363,000 tons. In 1932 it rose to 370 000 tons. The lead consumption of the Empire in 1931 was estimated at epproxi- nmtely 300,000 tons, indicating a surplus production of 03,000 tons (about 21 percent of the total consumption) in that year. The Northfleet refinery of the Britannia Lead Co , which began operating in October 1931, produced 39,447 tons of rcfi^* lead, 1,829,947 ounces of silver, and 6*5 tons of antimonml lead from Mount Isa bullion during the year ended October 31, 1932. , Poland.--Due to the accumulation of large stocks lack of demand, and low prices the lead smelters in Poland suspended operations in September. Operations were resumed in January 1933. lhe 1932 production was 63 percent less than m 1931. Exports declined from 20,600 metric tons in 1931 to 5,900 tons in 1932. Yugoslavia.--Trepca Mines, Ltd., has proved to be one of the few producers able to operate profitably under the low< pricesprevailing m 1932. During the year ended September 30, 1932, the company treated 397,963 long tons of ore, from which 48,566 tons of 76 percent lead concentrates, contabinilliinngg 2<->7 ounces of silver rper ton,' and 62,.192j tons of 50 percent zinc concentrates were obtained. The ore mined averages 11.5 percent lead, 10.5 percent zinc, and 3 ounces silver.; Mill capacity was increased nearly 50 percent during the year. Earn ings permitted payment of a 10-percent dividend. Most of the con centrates produced are exported through Salonika. ZINC By E. W. Pe mh s o n --------------Nineteen hundred a.nd thirty-two ranks as factory years in the history of'the United Sta average price for the year was the lowest on re tin of primary zinc was equivalent to only 3 60 r S 70 .percenfa ge of worl 1 p z (2 500 tc o Vtti/v A V PVimar f smeflfr sroduclion i f J 1 n. D 500 s 5 700 r-1 O Va 2 t-mi Iiporti at sla j Production from foret^> ores / -nf------ L- T"D<ta,D the erage from 1925 to 1929 and was the low duction and consumption of primary zinc b t of the 1925 to 1929 average and likewise 1. Most of the principal zinc-producing co cits in 1932. _ ( figure 4 shows trends in the United State *8. 182217--33------ 0 68 MINERALS YEAIUJOOK The vear w,is not, without some hopeful aspects however The decline in price reached its lowest point in May, and duringthe test of the year there was substantial recovery, so that bv the end of December the quotation had regained the level ,,f early Jn"""r.y the first time since 1928 that the price was not lower at the end of the year than at the beginning. The decline m the average price of zme during the depression has been less pronounced than that of lead and < 0 During the first 7 months of 1932 the slump in production failed to keep pace with the shrinkage in demand, resulting in an increase m stocks but during the last 5 months shipments exceeded production to such an extent that, there was a not decline in stoc.ks for At the, close of 1932 zinc stocks were equivalent to less than 3 monuis of normal consumption. The industry is thus in a re atively favor able statistical position and should be one of the first of the meta group to realize improvement should there be an increase in industrial ^Ou'tsidc the United States the statistical position also was improved by a large and steady decline in stocks, but price increases commensu rate with this improvement were not realized because c,f he sharp competition for markets and the hazardous existence of the Inter national Zinc Cartel, which had controlled production and reduced stocks. The foreign situation was aggravated further by depreciated, currencies imposition of tariffs, and Government subsidies; never-, theless production, consumption, and even price suffered less severe declines abroad than in the United States. . .. . r A statistical summary follows in1 which the zinc md stiy of United States in 1930, 1931, and 1932 is compared with the o pre depression years, 1925-29. . Salient etatietic* of the zinc industry in the United Mates, 19*6-33 1925-20 average Production ol prlmnry line: From domestic ores................ From foreign ores.................... ..........short tons. ..................... do... Electrolytic........................................... perccnl ot olo). Production o'fsecondary slab fine ........--si'ort tons. Stocks on hand nt primary smelters Dec. 31............. do Primary tine available lor consumption.................... nrt~rr,^eP^,o"irnt.8t:^,m:........ cent, per pound. lilghest quotation..................................................... ..... Lowest quotation. ---...... ......................................... Trire--venrly avernce at London............ ............. . /V '' Mine production ol recoverable tine................skjj Trl-Sutc district (Joplin)............... percent ol lolnl. loWestern States...................................... .....Other.................--,-------- ................. World smelter production of r.mc............ '}/>... .short tons. 589.648 12. 734 602,382 21 79 65, 380 45.575 544,016 6.76 8.90 5.40 6. 46 724,720 49 3210 1.435.000 498.015 26 74 49,300 167. 293 408,469 4.56 5.45 3.95 3. GO 505. 425 36 33 31 ], 637. 000 i Subject to revision- DOMESTIC PRODUCTION Production oj primary and secondary slab zi7!C?Jr0C' nrimarv zinc in 1932 was the lowest since 1921, and the reCO second aryTinalloyed zinc the lowest since 1908. Compared with t ZINC B?tt^S^t0?nii92f-29, 19i32 pri^ary Producti erPr/H fif r, secondary zme 69 percen Creased 66 percent m quantity and 86 percen all primary zinc was derived from domestic ore pastM0^ years0' UCtln f pniimry and secon(W , Primary and secondary slab zinc produced in the Primary (short tons) Secondary (short tong) UedlstiJJod Tlcmelted Tot 510.434 517, 339 572.946 018.422 592,5J 6 602. 581 025. 447 408,040 291,990 207, 148 39, 434 36. 486 39, J8J 40.799 42,784 48,066 47,348 11 3241,,804295 14,718 25.770 23. 400 22,249 23.771 22,016 22,034 18,052 14,451 13,175 5, 282 05, 68,8 01,4 04, 64.8 70,7 05, 4 49,3 34.8 20,0 f.rTnri^reaU l M,n(es classifies slab-zinc pro l^!Tnd rp*-aCCOrdl"e The^ier lfc was derive {?TMp- Fr,Vlary zmc ^classified as domestic o the orc srne|fed- Secondary zinc is l%rCarv zinaeC"rndslnnflT 1th meth?d of reco p primary zinc , as used herein, refers only t Ksr sTmeTfe/r madiate byproducts of Pri j f thlS Z1rc soon returns to the ^vamzers drosses ashes, and scrap metal to KT0' 1 therefore duplication in the tabl nr TnrTfim1 " the ?an?e metal m,ay be c m times m a single year. Although Ktttert the market indistinguishable from ordin e t h ?TM ? teesv,y. f < Td ad,r ^ maintain a segreg |fceaj period 1925-29 electrolytic zinc accoun total primary production. In 1930 and Evbe'aseHhpT inTi * fel,Kt?.fonly 1 ] Percent. EwmafPrTullTd ? tiie inability of electrolytic StS whirl dve t fckeir dePendence on custom Hths extrememlymlomwgmheatsalbpereicnesaot farepcaerntticyuelaarrsl.y a d0CJ!n.m j 5 PercGnt m 1932, Percent, and redistilled secondary decreas nrrl UCtlu. f redlsfcilled secondary Uuitled at primary, than at secondary smelters 70 MINERALS YEARBOOK The sharp decline in electrolytic zinc production in 1932 is reflected in tho decreased production of high-grade zinc. Compared with 1931 production of high-grade zinc declined 47 percent, whereas that of prime western fell only 27 percent. The production of primary and secondary electrolytic and distilled zinc, apportioned by method of reduction and by grades, is given in the following table. Distilled and electrolytic zinc, primary and secondary, produced in the United Slates, 1928-32, in short Ions APPORTIONED ACCORDING TO METHOD OF REDUCTION Year Electrolytic Distilled primary primary Redistilled secondary At primary At second* smelters I nry smelters Total 1929..................................... ................................... 1931......................................................................... ICO,IG0 156, 215 131,106 81.898 23,208 442.421 409.212 306. 879 210,098 183,940 13,554 11, 425 '8. 500 3 5, 343 1.590 35. 112 35.923 20. 349 10. 282 13.122 051.247 072,795 532,894 321231,.866216 APPORTIONED ACCORDING TO GRADE Year Grade A (high grndo) Grade B (Interme diate) Grade C (brass special) Grade 1) (selected) Grade E (prime western) To IbI 1928................................................. IQ32 .......................................... 197.075 207.32! 150.494 83, 445 44,195 41,779 27. 430 20.079 23. 924 13,295 73,957 96,163 91, 270 73,274 60,844 337,836 341.881 257.1)51 132,978 97. 532 051.247 072.795 W2.894 313. t For total production of secondary zinc see below' * Includes 22 tons of secondary electrolytic zinc. Includes 312 tons of secondary electrolytic zinc. Production oj primary zinc by States.--Illinois and Pennsylvania again ranked first and second in zinc smelting in 1932; but Montana,; which ranked third in 1931, fell to fifth. Oklahoma was the only State to report an increase in 1932. Kansas failed to report zinc production for the first time since 1877. West Virginia and Texas, included in "other States", showed substantial declines in 1932. ' Primary zinc produced in the United Slates, by States, 1928--32, in short tons 1928.............. 1929.............. 1930.............. 1931.............. 1932.............. Arkan sas Idaho Illinois Kansas Mon tana Okla homa Pennsyl vania Other States Total Total value I 20, 505 17,923 13,917 3.302 639 1,939 103.765 16, 582 112,425 9,509 103,331 8, m 70.290 5,955 67,010 3.1.923 158,221 106, 557 37,795 138,019 111,683 13,082 112.908 79.742 4,600 03,090 26.924 17,250 27, 22G 108,802 108,167 101.916 05,445 55,530 68,869 602,581 *71,515,000 82,853 625. 447 82.559.000 63,040 498,045 47.812.000 43,759 291,996 22.192.000 32,932 207, 148 12,429, tT Secondary zinc.--Besides the redistilled and remelted seconder slab zinc (unalloyed) previously mentioned a large quantity o' secondary zinc is recovered each year in the form of alloys, zinc dust zinc pigments, and zinc salts. The total quantity recovered in 1932/ including the unalloyed zinc, was 70,600 tons, a decrease of 31 percen1 from 1931 and the lowest output since 1910. Further details a-* given in the chapter on Secondary Metals. ZINC , Byproduct /sulphuric acid.--An important b is sulphuric acid made from the sulphur dio the roasting of zinc blende. Some of thes quantities of sulphur in addition to blende to u of their acid-producing capacity. The fol production of sulphuric acid at zinc-blende ro past 5 years. Production and value 1 of sulphuric acid (60 B. basis plants in the United Slates, 19 Year Made from r.lnc blende Mode from sulphu Short Ions Value Short tons Value 1028......................... 1929................................... 1930........................ 1931................................... 1932........ ................ 558, 537 627,018 536.614 426.618 341.140 $5, 523,931 0.038,183 5,167, 593 3, 745,700 2.594, 184 546,204 640,980 474,092 381, 210 244, 644 $5,401,9 0, 230.4 4. 665. 5 1,859, 2 1 At average of nlcs of 60 acid. * Includes acid made from small quantity of pyrlto?. Production declined 27 percent in 1932, b low rate of zinc production the quantity of showed a considerably smaller decrease tha phur. In 1931, 53 percent of the total was m percent from sulphur, but in 1932 the perc percent, respectively. The average price fo by producers in 1932, was 13 percent less tha A list of acid plants using gases derived f blende was given on pages 273 and 274 of M United States, 1931, part I. The followin production from 1929 to 1932: ;1, Details of production of byproduct sulphuric acid at the United Stales, 1929-3 1929 Number of establishments.................. ............................. tende used....................................................... short tons ilpburused................................. jo Add reported ns 50**00 B.: .............................. `Produced (expressed ns 60* n.)................. short tone Consumed at works (oxpresed as 00 B.) ,, do Sold (expressed as 00 B.)...................... do " jValue of add sold. 1. . 'ATvoetaral.g..e................................................................................ ........... dd reported as 66 U. and stronger: ...................... Produced (expressed as 66 B.)..................short tons .Consumed at works (expressed os 6fl B.) .. do Bold (expressed as 66 B.)............. do ' Vtiueofisold sold: ............................... i,/ Total.............................................................................. Average............................................................. \ acid sold, equivalent in 60 B.: ................. .......................................................short tons. add ooosumed nt works (no5 B')*!"short tons! 21 682,606 176,625 694,990 33.474 657,785 $6,336,444 $6.63 482,507 67, 670 441,617 $6,181,656 $14.45 1,187,726 112.718,000 114,678 Includes small quantity of pyrites. 72 MINERALS YEARBOOK Rolled, zinc.--Statistics of production of rolled zinc for 1931-32 are reported on a different basis than previously to eliminate dupli cation of tonnage, caused by rolling mills including rerolled zinc made from scrap originating in their own plants in their statement of production. Since such scrap represents a revolving stock within the plant it has no effect on the market, and its inclusion in rolledzinc production leads to erroneous conclusions on the quantity of slab zinc used each year in the zinc-sheet industry. Data needed for corrections before 1931 are not available at this time. Production of rolled zinc and quantity available for consumption in the United Stales, 1931-32 1931 1932 Shore tons Value Total Average per pound Short Ions Value Totnl Average per pound Sheet zinc not. over 0.1 Inch thick............ 15,468 $2, 682,000 Roller plate and sheet9 over 0.1 inch thick 540 90,000 33. 290 * 4,475,000 > 49.304 7.147,000 20 2.760 ' 40,566 2,300 461,000 $0. 084 .082 .007 .072 . 084 .038 .034 12. 291 $1,804,000 454 58.000 20.980 3.107,000 39,731 5,029.000 39 3, 010 30,700 4.000 433, 000 $0, 073 .004 .056 .063 .072 .030 .033 1 Figures represent net production. In addition 0,031 tons in 1031 and 8,060 tons In 1032 were rerolk*. from scrap originating in fabricating plants operated In connection with zinc-rolling mills. 1 Revised figures. Production of rolled zinc declined 19 percent in 1932 compared with 1931; all gages shared in the decline. The average value per pound of rolled zinc declined only 12 percent, whereas slab zinc declined 21 percent, so that the unit value added by rolling was very well main tained. The increased production of strip and ribbon zinc in 1931 due to the abnormal demand for fruit-jar covers was not maintained in 1932. Trade statistics indicate a 12-percent decline in the consump tion of rolled zinc in dry-cell batteries. Normally the battery industry consumes about one third of the rolled zinc produced. The following are the proportions of various grades of zinc used in the manufacture of 39,731 tons of rolled zinc in 1932: Brass special, 55 percent; prime western, 18 percent; high-grade spelter, 14 percent; electrolytic, 10 percent; and intermediate, 3 percent. Stocks of slab zinc at rolling mills declined from 4,863 tons on January 1 to 4,750 tons on December 31, 1932. _ Zinc dust.--Commercial production of zinc dust in the United States began in 1910 and reached a rrtaximum of about 11,500 tons in 1920. From 1922 to 1927 the annual production averaged about 8,000 tons. In 1932, 8,046 tons were produced, 24 percent less than' in 1931. ZINC Zinc duel ' sold by producers in the U Year Short tons Vain* Total Average per pound Primary zinc re covered as zlno dust (short tons)* 1928........ 9, 172 *1,475, 876 1029........ 11,050 1,864,672 1930......... 9,237 1,205, 740 $0.080 .084 .086 2, 008 5 3, 263 2, 659 1931. 1932. > TInhceluadmesounstmoerlsl e^ceonndtaitryy toinr teindeusInt rde,,c,otvemroaddSeiosfrrsBohtmeoiwi"blnaebirn^tttiino Zinc pigments and salts.--Zinc oxide, le nri16!^0 the Pfln(?ipal pigments of zinc, an are the principal salts. These produc De7nil8 zlfno.lfcrous materials--ores, metal Chapter 7ntfucd^Tl^l 07 Vmont Stoptaatel s 'Lead wCaSC092tf,45/n ail and Zinc Pigment pigmc,nts and orates was J2,G45 tons, 25 percent less tha Mine production.-- The following table recoverable zinc in the United States, by Mine production of recoverable in the Unite 1928 : Wwtern 8tates: Arizona....................... California______................. Colorado............ ' ............. Idaho.................... Montana............ Nevada................. New Mexico....................... Oregon.................. ' Utah................................. *_ Washington.............. Central 8tates: ' Arkansas.............. Illinois.................. Kansas.......... Kentucky___ 1" . Missouri...................... WOkislachoonmsina.................. ............................. -..... 039 '35,"731 31,263 82,830 3.398 31,203 40,929 43 232.036 86 17 107, 261 92 ..1.2,974 wjg Sutero States: tNew Jersey... . . New York............[.""'I' if*Tennessee and Virginia *_ 319,089 99.871 11,257 32,917 r 696,170 BiSmS ifrvnTM6rn.8tr!^ Productlon subject to revision .Bureau of Mines not at liberty to publish ffiigguurreess ffoorr TTeennnnesse 74 MINERALS YEARBOOK The 1932 mine production of zinc declined 31 percent compared with 1931 and constituted only 39 percent of the 1929 output. All the important zinc-producing States shared in the decline in 1932, but since 1929 production has dropped over 70 percent in each of the Western and Central States areas and only 24 percent in the Itas tern States. The more favorable position of the eastern mines may be ascribed to the.higher zinc content of the ores, large-scale operations, the proximity to markets, and the fact that most of the eastern zinc- minmg companies also manufacture the various zinc products required for the market, thus deriving all the benefits arising from the efficiency of vertically integrated industry. Another important factor is that most of the production in the Eastern States is derived from ore bodies where zino is the principal constituent, whereas in the West zinc is largely a byproduct depending on the production of other metals such as lead and silver, which has been unprofitable m many mines in recent years. .... The table that follows shows the output of the principal zinc- producine districts of the United States during the past 5 years. Further details of operations in these districts are given in the State reports included in this volume. Mine production of recoverable zinc in the principal zinc-producing districts of the United States, 1928-32, in short tons District Joplin region. Kansas, homo. New Jersey.................. New Jersey Eastern Tennessee.. - Tennessee. Austlnvill......................... Virginia Bingham............................ Utah St. Lawrence County... New York.. Willow Creek.................... New Mexico Coeur d'Alene region-- Idaho Battle Mountain............. Colorado Upper Mississippi Val Iowa, northern ley. Wisconsin. Pork City region............. Utah Centre!............................. . New Mexi< Ploche............................... Nevada Leadvtlle.......................... Colorado. Southeastern Missouri Missouri region. San Juan Mountains... Summit Valley (Butte) Eureka.............................. i Subject to rovlsion. i Data not available. STOCKS Stocks of zinc at primary reduction plants declined 11 percent mor in 1932. At the end of the year they were 23 percent below th recent high at the close of 1930 but were nearly three times as larg as the average from 1925 to 1929. Stocks at secondary distuhn plants increased in 1932, but the total at primary and seconds plants was 10 percent under the previous year. An analysis of th decrease shows that stocks of the higher grades of zinc (grades A an B) declined 49 percent, while the lower grades (C, D, and E) incress 16 percent. At the beginning of 1932 there were on hand 58,678 to of grades A and B and 87,411 tons of grades C, D, and E. At tn close of the year the tonnages were 30,085 and 101,477, respectively. ss ZINC Stocks of zinc on hand at zinc-reduction plants in the . . 198~3, in short tons At primary reduction plant.?... At secondary distilling plants. 1928 19 47.041 1.301 48, 432 85 3 89 The decline in stocks of smelted zinc was a decrease in stocks of zinc in the form of ore in the beginning of 1932 over 87,000 tons of con With an estimated recoverable zinc content o ;6nd of the year this was reduced to only 43,00 representing about 23,000 tons of metal. This plished by drastic curtailment of production d ..Stocks of slab zinc outside the United S International Zinc Cartel, declined from 2 December 31, 1931 to IG4,000 tons on Dece stocks may therefore be roughly estimated beginning of 1932 and 296,000 tons at the 'percent. DOMESTIC CONSUMPTI 1 inoofW suPPty- The supply of new zinc availa M932 was 32 percent less than in 1931 and 63 rewrd year 1928 but exceeded that in 1921 b ; The following table gives the quantity of Consumption in the United States during the Pnmary slab zinc available for consumption in the rr short tons Stock Jan. 1: , At smelters................... Production................................. Imports, foreign........................ Imports, domestic, returned. ^ Total available...................... drawn: Exports, foreign, from warehouse.. {Exports, foreign, under drawback. Exports, domestic.................... lock Dec. 31: | At smelters.................................... Total withdrawn..................... *ble for consumption................................................. 53,522 602,581 3 656,106 < > >'20,014 48, 432 78,046 573,000 1 48, 625, 074, () '>'16, 85, 105, 568. Budas stocks Bt secondary distilling plants. `Ign exports Included under domestic exports. > the foregoing table an attempt has been wv slab zinc or zinc produced from ores ters produce a substantial tonnage of red tof which is inseparable from primary m 76 MINERALS YEARBOOK stocks at the end of the year and exports of domestic zinc probably contain some secondary metal, although the amount is relatively small. More precise segregation of figures for primary and secondary metal is virtually impossible. As the table does not consider the fluctuation in consumers' stocks, only the general trend of consump tion of primary zinc is indicated. Industrial use of slab zinc.--In addition to the new supply noted above, a large tonnage of secondary slab zinc is available each vea.r for industrial use. The American Bureau of Metal Statistics esti mates the total industrial use of primary and secondary zinc during the past 5 years as follows: Estimated industrial use of zinc in the United States, 1928-38, in short tons 1 . Purpose 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 Galvanising: Tub * Shapes *............................................................................ Dross and casting 5............................................................... Other purposes 1.....................................................:............. 144.100 64.200 41.300 8. 400 43,000 291.000 174.000 73.500 30.000 58,000 020, 600 142. 800 52,200 39,000 10,800 45, 200 290.000 186.000 08,300 30.000 55,000 034.300 103,000 38,800 25,100 9. 400 217.000 120.000 51,400 21,500 41,000 460,000 77,100 21,600 6,900 108,000 98.000 58,300 J4, /UO 370,000 52,500 16,000 12,100 4,400 24,000 109.000 66,000 48.000 17.000 27.000 207,000 ' Ycnr nook, American Tiurenu ot Metal Statistics, 1932. p 73. Th. all- i include .mlo-llno linrriwnre, Imllnw were, chain*, and all article* not elsewhere mentioned. The esll . mates tor Uw5 use ol sleh r.lnc under this liuud, end also tor wire chilli, ere iirnlmlily Inraiiiiiilo. i Includes ail casting other than die casting, slush casting, and battery line. s includes alfthVl'nc'uscd'tor memdneturo^ot French oxide, Utlinpona, ntomlrcd xlnc dust, wire, 7,tnc lor wet batteries, slush cestlngs, and for the desllvcrlxallon ot lead. The estimated industrial use of zinc in 1932 decreased 30 percent and was equivalent to the normal consumption of about 1907. It was 2 percent above the recent low in 1921 but 50 percent below the average of the 5 years from 1925 to 1929. While there was no startling development in the field of new uses ; in 1932 considerable progress was made in the direction of laying a foundation for the return of normal business. The industry continued its campaign to improve the quality and popularity of zinc-coated: (galvanized) iron and steel. The success of this campaign is mdi-J cated by the fact that 75 percent of the manufacturers of galvanized! sheets have been licensed to produce the heavy-coated ware sponsoredf by the American Zinc Institute. Heavy coatings of high-purity zmcl are now being applied electrolytically to steel wire, and the increased! ductility thus obtained is expected to expand greatly the market joN zinc-coated wire. The increase in the use of rolled zinc for fruit-jar^ covers reported in 1931 was not maintained in 1932. PRICES The price of zinc reached new record lows during 1932 but recovered| enough for the quotation at the close of the year to be the same afta at- the beginning. The St. Louis quotation for prime western zinc averaged 2.88 cents per pound for the year, a decline of 21 percentj ZINC ^"L193,1 and 56 Percenfc from the averag of 1932 the quotation stood at 3.12)( cent downward. On April 25 the New York U.jJ7 cent per pound above St. Louis owin fell below 3.00 cents for the first time. May 16, when a final record low of 2.30 .New York) was established. Tho previ cents was in 1895. During the latter par reversal of trend following an announcem ore production in the tri-State district; b duration, and by the middle of July the again to 2.50 cents. During the next 2 abrupt rise resulting from the improvem f ins brought the quotation up to a high fo the middle of September. From this recession to 3.00 cents late in October. Sece b sett e^ to 3-12^ cents, where it t The following table presents a 5-year s It will be noted that in 1932 quotations York and 2.12 cents (Gold basis )in Lond 1.13 cents per pound in favor of New Yo " i non* J.J llnPsifcion of the British 1, 1932, did not have any appreciable e Jxindon quotation '(gold basis) having New York m February and 1.11 cents in decline m price in the United States c probably duo to the moro favorable statist about by Cartel activities. Prices of zinc and zinc concen ; Average price of common tine at-- , NewY ............................................... cents per pound... Sxoesa New York over London........ . . . .. ?Hp 60 percent tlno concentrates: ^ do " .............................. - PPrrice hpterrlnshnort ton................................................ .W..... nd0o,l,laarrs?' Smelter's margin...;;;;TM pe\podu0n nCg Indexes (1925-20 average* 100); ................. Zinc (New York)............................... Lead (New York)....... ...................................................... Copper (New York)..................................................................... Nonferrous metals . ................................................ v AU commodities'.....................I""!''!!!"".!.................... (Based on price Indexes of tbe U.8. Department of Labor. i. 'Th price indexes shown. in the forego M fared somewhat better than lead ana c r"r.nng av,er^e Prices in 1932 with th 1929 zinc declined 54 percent, while le a 62 percent, respectively. The nonfe percent. The effect of these declines h by a 34 percent decline in the w nodi ties. 78 MINERALS YEARBOOK The price of 60 percent zinc concentrates at Joplin averaged $17.83 per ton in 1932, a decline of 21 percent from 1931 and the lowest since 1894 According to the Joplin Globe weekly average prices ranged from $14 to $21 per ton in 1932. The 1932 average was equivalent to 1 49 cents per pound of zinc contained. Since the St Louis price of zinc averaged 2.88 cents the difference of only 1.39 cents per pound covers metallurgical losses and the cost of smelting and mar keting, and such smelting profits ns are realized. 1 his was less than half of of the smelter's margin of 2.96 cents per pound in 1929. The following table shows the monthly fluctuations in the quota tions of common zinc at St. I^ouis and London and of 60 percent zinc concentrates at Joplin during 1931 and 1932 Ihe New York quotation for slab zinc exceeds that at St. Louis by the freight differ ential--0.35 cent per pound in 1931 and 0.37 cent m 1932. Average monthly gaoled price* of common zinc (prompt delivery or spot) at SI. Louis and London, and of 60 percent zinc concentrates at Joplin, IJHl-34 1031 1032 Month fiO percent zinc coDceD- 1rfifes in the Joplin region (dollars per ton) Metallic tine , (cents per pound) St. Louis London 60 percent zinc concen trates in tlic Joplin region (dollars per ton) Metallic zinc (cents per pound) St. Louis London January... February. March... Anril____ May........ June........ JAuulyg.u...s..t..... Septcmbc October.. Noveuibe December Average (or year. 20.00 20.26 25.00 23.00 20.00 21.00 22. 63 23.00 23.00 20. 25 18. 35 18. 60 22. 60 4.03 4.02 4.01 3. 00 3.31 3.40 3.00 3.82 3. 74 3. 38 3. 20 3. 15 3. 64 2. "76 2. 78 2. 64 2. 46 2. 28 2. 56 2. 06 2. 48 2. 34 2.21 2. 30 2. 16 2. 52 17.40 17.85 17. 57 17.00 14- 55 10.20 17.47 18. 22 10. K3 18.32 17.75 18.20 17.83 3.02 2.83 2. 7-40 2.53 2.79 2. 55 2, 70 3.30 3. 05 3. 10 3. 12 2.88 ' All giiotstlon* from Metal Statistics, >033. vcrslcc of KrcElIsl. ions Intai Amcrlonn montrj based on average ratos of exchange recorded by the Federal Iteserte Hoard of me 1 lessory. The following table shows the actual prices received by producer*! for various grades of zinc during the past 5 years. It will be noteM that all producers do not realize the premiums usually quoted in tH| trade journals for the higher grades of zinc. Average price, of zinc received by producers, 1928-32, by grades, in cents per poui ... 1028 1929 1930 1931 1931 ................. t, 4. 92 4.00 Grades C and D (select and brass special) .................................... 6.90 0.08 0.44 6.42 4.69 3. 73 0. 1 6.6 4. 8 3.8 Prime western; average spot quotation nt 8t. Louis.................... 6.0 6. 5 4.6 3.6 lj 11 i American (f.o.b. New York), Brass special (f L 1032, 2.00 conts, ZINC ZINC-REDUCTION P Zinc shelters.--Disturbed industrial co tion in 1929 of large continuously oper siiarpiy curtailed activities during the pas horizontal-type retorts. At the end of 19 operating 95,460 retorts. On December 3 were using 20,613 retorts, a slight increase using 19,875 retorts at the close of 1931 regular retorts in plants operating at the en .i.u j u 119?2' 40 coHtmuously operate siaiiea but data on the number in operatio T7,,."Va,, ng. ^ble shows the primary United States at the end of 1932: jo , I rimary zinc-smelting plants in the Unite Operating company (A-acid plant, situated at the smcllor) S ' Athhtio Mining & Smelting Co . ViD Buren Zinc Co.*................ ................ American Zinc Co. of Illinois (A)..................... Hegeler Zinc Co. (A)........ ................ IUId o Is Zinc Co. (A)........................... ilMyahlessen & Hegeler Zinc Co. (A)................ Mineral Point Zinc Co. (A)'. .......... ? well! Chemical Co.*... ................ merlcan Steel & Wire Co.* ......................... lackwell Zinc Co., lnc..J'"'*.'............ ttie-Picber Mining & Smeitlng Co ............. wtonal Zinc Co., Inc. (A)........ leboteon Corporation1............ ....................... uinton Spelter Co.*.......... `" merlcan Steel <& Wire Co. (A)..."....!*". erlcan Zinc it Chemical Co. (A).... far Jersey Zinc Co. (of Pennsylvania) (A)., merlcan Smelting <fc KeAnlng Co.. .. -iwelll Chemical Co.1............. ' ' . tedToZtianloreStmoretslti.n...g....C...o..r..p..o...r.a...t.i.o..n....(..A...)... timber of retorts in uso at ond of year * Percent of total.................................. Fo Va Ea Da Pe La De Te Ch Bla He Ba Ku Qu Do Lan Pa Am Me Mo I Idle since 1927. Idle throughout 1932. Horizontal-retort plant Idle Dec. 31, 1932. not available. ' .,^The smelters of the Athletic Mining & S Cher Mining & Smelting Co. wore idlo nt Ut were reopened near the close of the ye ^ for a few months dur In addition to the primary zinc smelte le the Missouri Zmc Co. has a smelter t formerly treated ores but in recent y ndary materials exclusively. The pla . ontai retorts and was active during tors which produced zmc in large gra General Smelting Co,, Philadelphia, ,.,.nK j-,0 > Tottenville, N.Y.; Superior hja> Ba,; Trenton Smelting & Refin -^-BC.orpQra.taon, Trenton, N.J.; and ^Wheeling, W.Va. The secondary sm ting & Refining Co. was idle througho 80 MINERALS YEARBOOK ZINC Electrolytic plants.--The Anaconda plant of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co. and the East St. Louis plant of the Evans-Wallower Zinc Zina imported for consumption in the Uni Co. were idle throughout 1932. The Sullivan Mining Co. operated its plant at Kellogg throughout the year at 29 percent of capacity. Blocks or pigs Sheets Old i'! The Anaconda Copper Mining Co. shut down its Great Falls plant in .June 1932 owing to its inability to get zinc concentrates. At the Year 8hort Iona Vnlue Short Ions Value Short tons Value close of the year the rate of electrolytic zinc, production in the United States was about 3 percent of rated capacity. FOREIGN TRADE 1928......... 1929., 1930......... 1931......... 1932___ _ o 226 281 274 310 $06 21,002 26, 389 14,703 20. 132 3 $2, 550 3 $200 0) 62 (') 20 05 0.420 *35 1 1.903 20 2, 283 (0 35 39 4. 030 Foreign trado of the United States in zinc normally consists largely | of imports of zinc ore smelted in bond and exports of slab zinc derived; from the foreign ore. Considerable domestic ore was exported before the war and from 1925 to 1927. There is a fairly steady export trade. in rolled zinc, zinc dust, and zinc dross and some flow of zinc pigments! into and out of the country. During recent years foreign trade has declined to small proportions. . . ,J Imports.--The following tables give zinc imports into the United] States from 1928 to 1932 and a record of bonded-warehouse inventories.; 7Anc ore and old brass (fit only Jor remanufacture) imported into the. United 1928-32 [General imports] Yc.nr Zinc content of rlnc ore (short tons) Canndn Mexico Other countries Total Old brass f 1 Shor. tons Value \ 18 848 13 c) 1,016 13,563 25,044 778 1,904 3 182 2 ................. 1,607 0,076 si, me, m 14,411 7,031 l,371,05* 25, 839 3, 673 536,191 780 215,# 1,004 * 1, 259 63,6U ]-------------- - Figures probably Incomplete. ' Less than l ton. i Jan.-June 20,1932. None recorded filter June 20. Zinc remaining in warehouse in the United States, December 3/, 1928 82 * Less than 1 ton. ' 1 Included 33 tons ol dross and slclmmlnss, valued nt $1,829, Impor fvoorafld prior to change In tarltT. . The chief zinc import of the United Sta largely imported under bond so that it can be June-therefrom reexported without import du 01 zinc in ore were imported, an increase ove nly 7 percent of the 1930 imports. Dom poit the production of any zinc from foreign | The United States imports very little sla jnanufactured-zinc products. In 1932 the to Jo b $35,052, of which $9,318 represented th products. A considerable amount of old b from Canada, which supplied 94 percent of th The decrease in imports in 1932 resulted fro *pper tariff on June 21, 1932. After that rass were recorded. '. Exports. The total value of the 1932 mestic and foreign liianuracturos of zinc ( ttiducts, alloys, and pigments) was appr orease of 23 percent from 1931 but a decrea ent high in 1925. iThe following table shows the principal zi totes during the past 5 years: ... 4tlxc tine ore and domestic manufactures of zi Stales, 1928-32 1928................... 1920................... 1930................... 1931................... 1932................. Ore and calamine Blocks, pigs, and Zinc sheets Jj Zinc content (pounds) Value Pounds Value Pounds Vnlmj 8,719,290 3, 6e, 809 . 27,185.311 . 22,377,439 $797,023 ................. ................. ................. ........... Jj 784, 070 269,019 '"22," 900* .......... 240, 338 1.......... 43,334 71.089 43,330 Ji'tj 3,M 2,(J Sine ore add con centrates Pigs or slAbji i Plato* And sheets Short tons Value Short toos Value Short tons VaJue 4,618 $205,978 i. 71 2,434 ............373* 26,289 14.411 4,033 043 6, 471 *3, 013, 079 1,879,039 450,417 51,010 277,612 4,325 6,265 3,808 2,759 3. 010 5900, 515 1,075.000 701,007 461,130 432,849 UtfM slab tine made from foreign ore. Not separately recorde Orts cf slab zinc in 1932 increased mate t increased shipments to Japan, Britis dom, but were only 8.5 percent of the qu .to of sheet zinc also increased in 1932 82 ' MINERALS YEARBOOK shipments to Canada. Exports of these two commodities during the past 4 years are given by destinations in the following table: Slab and sheet zinc exported from the United States, 1929-32, by destinations, in | short tons Slabs, blocks, or pies 1020 1030 931 Sheets, strips, etc. 1930 1031 1032 . Countries: Cnnwtn................. Chile...................... France..................... (lerinnny.............. Indio (British).. . Japan..................... United Kingdom. Others.................... Continents: North America.. South America.. Europe................ Asia...................... Africa................. . Oceania............. 1/74 GW 2,200 1,001 I, OHI 587 4,717 1,627 14.411 840 I, 115 040 1,468 1,000 020 10. 502 2. 275 I 1,077 I. 180 2.350 20 7 2, 124 1.508 1,087 144 4 20 7 2 13 34 13 70 35 112 1.457 35 34<> 20 4 3 t 3,371 m 194 232 235 1,428 1, 592 1, 193 957 00 101 805 908 404 1,497 2 19 197 1,029 *7 _ .643 6,471 5,205 3.8G8 2. 759 ---- 3,010 .. 23 145 354 121 16 5 1,011 4.839 2,391 332 1,772 720 1 1,776 314 1,330 417 1, 197 105 1.021 339 1 43 30 1,387 89 1,066 261 1 Considerable zinc is exported each year in the form of brass andj in galvanized iron and steel, but data showing the zinc content ol| these products are not available. Export data on zinc pigments nna;| chemicals are given in the chapter entitled "Lead and Zinc Pimnentl^ and Salts." WORLD ASPECTS OF THE ZINC INDUSTRY International (European) zinc cartel.--At the beginning of 1932 till* Cartel was functioning under an agreement among virtually all 1m. portant zinc-smelting countries but the United States, the total] producing capacity of the members had been established by agreement^ at 1,125,000 metric tons of zinc per annum. Production quotas were limited to 50 percent of capacity or approximately 47,00ft tons per month. Cartel stocks on January 1, including some non" member stocks, amounted to about 189,000 tons of which abou 80,000 tons were frozen by agreement. During the latter part o 1931 and the first half of 1932 the existence of the Cartel was thread ened by abandonment of the gold standard in Great Britain, tnj imposition of British tariffs on zinc, the demand for tariff protectioj in Germany, and the demand of some members for increased quotas. The continued decline of the London price of zinc led to agitation for complete cessation of zinc production (or 2 months. Howevel rumors of the impending smash up of the Cartel were impelled July by statements in the press to the effect that the Cartel hi agreed to continue until January 1, 1933, and that, effective August production would be curtailed an additional 5 percent to 45 perceffl of tlie agreed capacity, a monthly output of about 42,000 tons, was also reported that the Italian members of the Cartel had be ermitted to increase production to meet home demands so tn !taly might become self-supporting with respect to zinc; asw desired by the Government. In return for this privilege the Italia agreed not to export any metallic zinc. ZINC J*TM* ,tlie latteir PartJ?f the year discus toward extension of the Cartel into tho new | of opinion developed. It was reported tha I favored by low costs of production were anx i n?mrmany !!nd presscd for ,arpr production ; Producers to renew their demand "r S "?t(i 9ommny. Other produ 21 rn 9 f their customers out of curre release frozen stocks. On December 28 a p feChud extending the Cartel for 1 month to Wfre to Je a owed to exceed thei fines for excess production. At the c jSmountefl to about 149,000 tons, a reducti ijtJor. JMi^nnn^ Produchon.--World production of m, etrlc,tons m 1932, a decline of 19 ft5Qt fl,TM H1 renCOrd 0Utput of 1929- 11 fc theUnS^f t 0VtpUe b/e71 p,erc,enfc- i d rtatf ft?C0l'n,t,ed for the large fSr fhe rnrof dUrCHI0n haT1,ng fr^1,?n 29 percent c f 1<r nrd' I !Iritc`1l Sfcatea reta j.Vcer? world but by the smalle L9'3;. Likewise, its proportion of'the world fas the lowest since 1898. Bntnm TWftS the ! lly Producer to &LTT' ,JaPan^and decreased Ruction, Australia, Germany, Mexico, and ^chnes ranging from 7 to 9 percent; whi Reunited States ^ perccntage decrcascs iuntriesll0WUlg table g`VeS prduction dur fetid smelter production of zinc, 1928-32, in metric to iCompilcd by L. M. Jonca, of the Bureau Country 1929 'tlmste production. 51,029 200,300 74,176 8,039 62,463 98.100 56, 28-1 2.887 10, 054 19, J17 11,220 20. 857 9, 751 'ioi'ais' J3,549 0, 100 540. 040 * 2, 246 4,883 1,401,000 52, 705 197,900 78,061 10,675 87,330 102,000 69. 234 3, 808 16,804 22,008 15,009 25, 712 12,316 6,610 100,029 11,826 4,718 567,393 * 3, 437 0,291 1,461,000 r wded Sept. 30. 1W17-33------7 ' 84 MINERALS YEARBOOK World consumption.---Preliminary data on production, imports, and exports of the principal zinc-consuming countries indicate that world consumption of slab zinc in 1932 totaled about 810,000 metric tons, a decrease of 23 percent from 1931 and of 39 percent from the average of the 5 years 1925 to 1929. This estimate does not consider the decline in stocks outside of the United States and Great Britain, and since it is reported that this decline has been substantial the figure given above probably understates actual consumption. In consumption, as well as production, the decline was more pronounced in the United States than the rest of the woild,. as is indicated by the 32 percent decline in domestic deliveries of primary zinc compared with a decrease of about 22 percent elsewhere. Al though the United States retained first place in zinc consumption in . 1932, its proportion of the total was only 24 percent compared with nearly 39 percent during the 5 years from 1925 to 1929. Germany and Great Britain again ranked second and third but decreased 12 and 21 percent, respectively, in the quantity of zinc consumed. France and Belgium ranked fourth and fifth, respectively, in 1932, the former having declined only 18 percent whereas the latter decreased 45 percent. Consumption in Italy and Japan increased 6 n.nd 7 percent., respectively. REVIEW BY COUNTRIES Australia.--Production of zinc was fairly well maintained in j Australia during 1932 despite low prices, owing to reduction in wage scales and favorable foreign exchange rates. Smelter pro ''ction ; declined only 8 percent. Exports of slab zinc fell from 56,000 long / tons to 37,000 tons (34 percent), while shipments of zinc concentrates decreased from 88,000 to 03,000 tons. At the dose of the year all; four principal Broken Hill operators were producing zinc concen trates, Sulphide Corporation having reopened in April after haying been idle since December 1930. North Broken Hill modernized its surface plant and completed a new mill during the year. .1 Belgium.--In Belgium, production of slab zinc, which is derived almost entirely from imported ores, decreased only 4 percent in 1932. Exports increased from 56,600 metric tons in 1931 to 64,100 tons in 1932. Shipments to Germany increased 28 percent and led to revival; of the demand in Germany for tariff protection for the zinc smelters.' Consumption, computed on a basis of production plus imports minus' exports, declined 45 percent, but this appears to be excessive in viow of the smaller decreases in other European countries. Evidently there was considerable liquidation of stocks in 1932, an observation substantiated by press reports that Belgian producers were pressing the cartel for increased production quotas to meet their export trader During the year Vicillo Montague installed a Waclz plant at Moresnet to treat calamine slimes. * Canada.--Canadian zinc production (all electrolytic) amounted to 86,142 short tons in 1932, a decrease of 27 percent from 1931. Sev*i enty-six percent of the 1932 total was produced at Irail, British Columbia, and 24 percent at Flin Flon, Manitoba. Manitoba increased its output 19 percent in 1932, whereas British Columbia decreased production 35 percent. Exports of slab zinc again exceeded, production but were 26 percent below 1931. Shipments to Great Britain decreased 31 percent and were 58 percent of the total, whereM ZINC those to Japan increased 10 percent and wer No zinc ore was exported in 1931 and 1932. mVlotVvlly n11 ?inc Prduction in British Co the Sullivan mine of the Consolidated Mi Canada, Ltd. A total of 1,447,448 tons of 'r u i ',* decrease of 11 percent from 1931 slightly higher and recoveries somewhat low were of higher grade than in 1931. Costs lower, notwithstanding the fact that operat capacity. The company reported a deficit vision for depletion and depreciation, com $713,000 in 1931. During 1932 the Hudson Bay Mining & only zinc producer m Manitoba, mined and ore averaging 0.085 ounce of gold, 1.13 ounc of copper, and 3.7 percent of zinc from whic 933,983 ounces of silver, 21,079 tons of co zinc were produced. All metal produced d An operating profit (before depreciation) o reported. France.-.--Production of zinc decreased 23 smelting industry depends largely on foreig metnc tons were imported in 1932, chiefly f Sweden. About 47,000 tons of slab zinc supplying 57 percent. Consumption decline Germany.--The German zinc-mining indus by Government subsidies to several privat policy was adopted to meet the demands of tective tariff and to prevent further unem cessation of lead and zinc mining due to e principle, the Government was to advance th of production and selling price in the form of No provision was made for custom-smelting latter part of the year they renewed agitation reported that tho Government was consi i urg electrolytic zinc plant, which 'facilities for Upper Silesian ore now exported was opposed by the sulphuric acid manufactur ?? j 6 Sround that creation of additional ac Magdeburg would demoralize their industri Magdeburg plant would provide German m mestic supply of electrolytic zinc, which is n therefore be a logical first step toward ultim tflriii policy. Karly in 1933 it was reporte ;nuning companies would be cohtinued inde .imposition of tariffs bad been postponed. i Smelter production decreased 7 percent in reports indicate a decline of 14 percent in sumption totaled about 133,000 metric tons 161,000 tons in 1931 Imports were 102,00 tuon in 1931 j Poland, Belgium, and Australi Sources. Great Britain. Great Britain was the onl to increase production in 1932. Consumptio 86 mi n e r a l s y e a r b o o k percent., totaling 116,000 long tons, ami imports dropped from 145,000 1 tons in 1931 to 88,000 tons in 1932. The imposition of a 10 percent 3 import duty on March 1, 1932, was fairly successful m excluding | non-British zinc. Canada and Australia supplied 63 percent of the | total of slab-zinc imports during 1931 and 87 percent during the last | 9 months of 1932. . , . , . . lnao W Italy.--Production, consumption, and imports of zinc m 1932 were | maintained at about the same levels as m 1.931. Exports of ore. | however, declined over 50 percent. 1 he mines of Sardinia operated fl under subsidies from the Italian Government in 1932, and Montepom, J Portusola, and Vieille Montague were the principal recipients. Ihe j 1 ast named exports its ore to Belgium for smelting. During the latter 9 part of the year Italian smelting companics obtained permission Irdm-a the Cartel to increase their production to meet home requirements,* after agreeing not to export any zinc smelted m Italy_ I Mexico.--Mine production of zinc m Mexico in 1932 totaled 57,000* metric tons, a decrease of 52 percent from 1931 and 67 percent from! the record output of 1929. This decline may be attributed to unfav-j orable exchange conditions and to the unprofitable nature, under* present conditions, of copper, lead, and silver mining, with which zinc* is intimately associated in Mexico. Smelter production declined* only 14 percent in 1932. . , . , , , .1 Newfoundland.--Mine production of zinc, was maintained at a high* rate despite low metal prices. Approximately 131,000 short tons of! zinc concentrates, containing 67,500 tons of zinc and 7> to" (| lead, and 49,500 tons of lead concentrates, containing 31,000 tons oil lead and 5,300 tons of zinc, were produced m 1932 comp.._?dwith! 87 000 tons of zinc concentrates and 38,600 tons of lead concentrates! in'l931. Virtually all the output was exported. 1 Poland.--The zinc industry of Poland experienced another severrt decline in 1932. Mine production totaled only 22,000 metric toMi! a decrease of 65 percent from 1931 and 82 percent from 1reooril output of 1930- Smelter output declined 35 percent. I olish smeltera treat large quantities of imported ores, mostly from German UppeM Silesia. A largo part of the Polish production of slab zinc is exported! In 1932, 73,000 tons were exported, including nearly 10,000 tons o* high-grade (electrolytic) zinc. German}* took about 51 percent 0j| the total and Russia about 11 percent. , , ,9 Yugoslavia.--Trcpca Mines, Ltd., has proved to be one of the fe* producers able to operate profitably under the low prices prevailing in 1932. During the year ended September 30, 1932, the compan* treated 397,963 long tons of ore, from which 48,566 tons of 76 percenj lead concentrates and 62,192 tons of 50 percent zinc concentrate were obtained. Mill capacity was increased nearly 50 percent duniffl the year. Earnings permitted payment of a 10 percent dividendl Most ot the concentrates produced are exported through Salonika.* LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS AN By E. W. Pe iih h o n a n d II. M Lc? i68if lef:dzme pigments in 1932 w S ,.m the Pigment-consu Tr n!rSa Cf m the pajnt industry, the la dmnlnT fi11 cornpftred ynth 1931 due la L?rL0 Kb^ dmg Pon^ruftin. Production -^ eS^?oWhl5h,large tonnages of 3 nerrenl ilntd 18 and 14 percenfc' respe ifcL,?rCei.Lfc d.RCI cas<? m new automobile St k the Urf stooge-battery indus irf old r!raXPnited' du6 t0 replacements requ t0 d - * d in;*se. The total registra tne umted States declined only 7 percent in Urof.ir ,rC lead sniphate decreased the "?21' fJ `of 3o percent. Other declines wer od lead, 27 percent; zinc oxide, 25 percent qiercent ^ 0Xlde' 23 percenfc; lifchopone .Prices of all lead and zinc pigments, as me oceived by producers, decreased further nportant pigments leaded zinc oxide slump Uier declines were litharge 18 percent; re lade' 12 Percent-dry white lead, 6 percent; f.-yeac average from 192 -.j AO P *tcj 1,0 following reduction: 42 P.ercent; dry white lead, 34 percen .cent; zinc oxide, 17 percent; and lithopon e periods the Now York quotations for a 54 percent, respectively. oreign trade in lead and zinc pigments WfJnr-P TW'0j In ?xPorts of zinc pigm mted kingdom and an increase m imports o ^exports over imports for the United Stat 82 compared with $2,539,000 in 1930, du consumption throughout the world nbed more particularly to Canada's in pe and to increased production of zi dom, enabling it to become an exporter that commodity. Another factor that :. oed ffect \n 1933 J9,.the increase in pref 1932 pigments' established by Canada an pectivelyZIin 1932ride ^ 8ulphate 88 MINERALS YEARBOOK The accompanying table contrasts the salient statistics of the leadand zinc-pigment industry in 1930, 1931, and 1932 with the yeaily average from 1925 to 1929, and figure 5 traces price trends. 1915 1920 1925 1955 Fig u r e {.-Production and price Irends of Ihe prlndpnl leed nnd doe piEnients, 1916-32. LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS AND ZI Salient statistics of the lead and zinc pifjments industry o 1925-29 (average) Prlndpnl pigments; Whit load {dry nnd In nih Litharge... . Red lead............................................. Zinc oxide....... Leaded rlnc oxide.. .. . Llthopone................................ Value of products: All lead pigments... All *lnc piements... Hfl ,i ** " " 154,483 if' *jin 1 - . * (WVl rtn' /i<Y 130 = Total........................................... Value per ton received hy prodm'cW-.................................. 101,400,000 White lead fdrv) . ` Litharge............ Red lead................... '' * ' inn Zinc oxide................. ........ 133 Llthopone............... .......... 124 Foreign trade: ................ Lead pigments: Value of exports. Value of Imports ,, '" Zinc pigments; '* ' value of exports. Value of Imports. " 69 I 1 Export balance PRODUCTION In this report sales of pigments and salts ar sent production, no account being taken of the beginning and end of the year. The amounts tneir own plants arc included under sales. . The total value of lead and zinc pigments s venTM3 ^8,563,000 in 1932 87,000 m 1931. The total value of all lea *19.132,898 and that of all zinc pigments sold ead pigments decreased 34 percent in total va quantity, whereas sales of zinc pigments decreas 1 2?/-erC,ennom 9uantity- The average gments sold in 1932, as reported by producers Pereas the average New York quotation for ent m 1932 compared with 1931. Zinc pig W8 m value per ton compared with a 21-pe .boms quotation for slab zinc. Ltadvigments.--Al]. lead pigments shared in 32. Production of white lead was 32 perce feent below the peak production of 1922. ,M fairly well maintained, having fallen only d 34 percent below the record output of 1929. 7"eased -7 percent in 1932. Declines in un bercent for dry white lead to 39 percent for tharge and ved lead unit values dropped 18 an .. r1 90 * ^ mi n e r a l s y e a r b o o k Lcorf jl'nmnp'ifoW fci/ domestic manufacturers in the United States, 1931-32 LEAD AND ZINC PIQMENT8 AND ZI Distribution of white lead (dry and in oil) sales, 19 11121) 1030 Pigment Short tons Value (nt plant, exclu sive of container) Short tons Value (at plant, exelusive of container) Industry .Short tons Percent of total Short tons Percent of total Abort tons AverapeV, nil91 Basic lead sulphate or sublimed lend: White.................................................. Blue................................................... Red lead.................................................... Oranpe mineral.................................... Litharge.................................................... 3. 700 800 25.853 232 03.890 $005.085 00. 755 3.325.875 55, 254 5.033.241 Total Average! $113 101 120 100 J09 5. 708 540 18.880 2!2 58.090 $534. 3GO 31,125 2,101,850 37. 001 5,155, 655 tt4l 63 jg ma *J Pitot........ Ceramics.. Other...... . 138, 520 4. 240 0. 259 )47, 031 92.8 2.0 4.3 91.503 3. 300 7, 211 J02, }40 89.0 3.3 7. 1 91,83 2,84 2,08 ! White irnd: ml m aBnausfiacclteuarde sinv.lp1h9a3.2le.--waCs o3n2spuemrpcetionnt boeflobwastichal t j)ry ................. 30.022 :i, K24.HI3 In oil'..'......... ..................................... 00. HO 13, M2,787 124 10.940 2,320,8711 209 40. 728 8,939,422 m3 cent below 1929. The use of this pigment in > Weight. of white lend only but value of paste. Zinc, pigments and salts.--Although the production of lithopone hag| been greatly reduced during the depression it has not fared as badly! llumped 92 percent since 1929. The white va tie lead pigments, and the blue variety is said to ' paints used as protective coatings on metallic as the other principal white pigments. The 1932 output of JithoponM Distribution of basic lead sulphate sales, 1929- was 20 percent below that, in 1931 and 41 percent below the predwa pression peak, whereas that of zinc, oxide fell 25 percent and 553 percent and that of white lead 32 and 00 percent for the same periods.^ This was not accomplished by price reductions, as lithopone produceral reported smaller decreases in unit values than have white lead andj Industry 1929 1930 Short tons Percent. of total Short tons Percent of total Short tons zinc oxide producers. Production of zinc chloride, and zinc sulphate droppt. 3d ana .^1 percent, respectively. The average value per ton received by zinOd chloride producers increased 7 percent, whereas that received by zin(t| sulphate producers declined 13 percent. Pilnta.................. Storage batteries sttbber................ tber................... 13.435 2, 327 056 307 1G.8I4 79.9 13.8 3.9 2.4 mo 9,673 1. 101 394 460 II, fi27 83.0 9.6 3.4 4.0 J00. 0 8,311 097 173 505 9,080 Production and value of zinc pigments and salts sold by domestic manufacturers ijt the United States, 1931-32 [g 1932 | 1931 Pigment or salt Value (at plant, exclu i Short tons sive of container) Short Average | tons 1 Total Value (at plant, exdM sive of container) 'tjj Total '4 Avere^l Zinc oxide 1........................................ Leaded zinc oxide 1.......................... Lithopone........................ .................. Zinc chloride, 50 B --................. Zinc sulphate.......... ......................... 90,700 18, 577 151.850 34,885 5,290 $11,997,990 2,140,804 12,999.590 1,117,010 199, 482 $125 115 80 41 38 72. 250 14,305 121,007 23. 524 4,252 i Zinc ,)t i(10 containing 5 percent or more lead Is classed as leaded r.lnc oxide. $7, 950.697 (1 1,290.070 10. J70,850 1,033.255 138,476 4 ___ ti _ Litharge. The principal use of litharge is in torage-battery plates. Sales to this industry 932 and were equivalent to 79 percent of the q les to the insecticide industry, the second la `osed steadily during the past few years due d arsenate in the spraying of fruit trees. R Apartment of Agriculture cutting down the ntent of fresh foods may adversely affect the enate. The sales of litharge to the oil-re ped steadily since 1929 as shown in the fol .os of raw materials are now being used in yield a sweeter product,, requiring less lith cess. Moreover some plants have installed the litharge formerly discarded. CONSUMPTION BY INDUSTRIES White lead--By far the principal use of white lead is in the man' facto re of paint, which accounted for 95 percent of the total coi sumption in 1932. The tonnage used in 1932 was 31 percent belo' that in 1931 and 54 percent below 1929. Consumption of white lea in the ceramic industry decreased 38 percent in 1932. 92 MINKJtALS YEARBOOK Distribution of litharge sales, 1929-82, by industries Industry 1929 1930 Short tons Porccnt of total Short. tons Percent of total Short tons Percent, of total 1932 Percent of total Storage* hnUorfo*........ Insr.d.lcidns.. _____ Oil refining............. Ceramics................. Chrome pigments. Rubber.................. Varnish................... Linoleum............... Other..................... . 37. !f>0 < ) 13,015 88..G1G132 fi, 051 3,121 **10,230202 87,010 12. 2 C) J5.fi 9.8 0.2 7.0 3.0 .4 11.7 100.0 I 33, 173 OQO n, 028 4, 089 3, 280 4.703908 388 8, 180 72, 578 45. 7 R. 3 in. r, 5.0 4.5 0.5 1.0 .5 11.3 100.0 31. 505 7,508 7.351 4. 124 3, 582 3.032 041 208 5, m 03,890 4I9I..85 ll0..f6i 5. 0 4.7 1.0 f>..3I 100. 0 20, 305 11.735 4. 73 2. 0fl3 2, 501 1,921 1,300 109 3, m G8,090 100.0.? 1 Included In other. Not separntcly reported. Red lead..--In 1932, 22 percent less red lend was used in storage batteries than in 1931 and 59 percent less than in 1929. Compared with litharge red lead lms decreased relatively more in tins important use. For several years battery manufactures have been employing smaller portions of red lead in the paste that forms the battery plate. As red lead costs more than litharge this trend probably has been, accelerated during the depression to reduce costs of production and meet the lower scale of storage-battery prices. It is believed that some manufacturers are substituting for red lead a substance referred to as active lead or suboxide of lead. Red lead continues to be the most effective protective paint for iron and steel, ;nd the sharp recession in its use in paint manufacture reflects the low level of building construction. Distribution of red-lead sales, 1929-82, by industries Industry Storage batteries Paints... ............ Ceramics............. Other.................... 1929 1931 1932 Short tons Percent. of loin) Short tons Percent of total Short tons Percent of total Percent of totel 25. f>80 If, 855 903 4, 574 43,021 59. 7 27.fi 2. I 10. fi inn. n 1W8,.9(W98fi 835 2, 202 32. (Ml 67.7 33. 1 2.5 0.7 f00.fi 13,700 0, 250 811 2,080 25, 853 53.0 35. 8 3.1 8. 1 inn. o 10,655 0. 389 j 407 1.309 I J8. RSfi I Orange, mineral.--Sales of orange mineral declined 25 percent HJ32, liic major decrease being in ink manufacture. Distribution of orange-mineral sales, 1929-32, by industries Industry 1929 J9 1931 Short tons Percent of total Short tons Percent of total Short tons Percent of total Ink manufacture........ Color pigments........... Other............................ 151 22.3 487 71.8 40 5. 0 678 100.0 88 24. 7 188 52.8 22.6 350 119 42. 2 114 40.4 49 17.4 282 Perce of to 58 108 40 LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS AND ZI Zinc oxide and leaded zinc oxide.--Owing to t manufacturer to segregate its sales of the zinc Mines is unable to report the consumption by i ments are used largely in tho manufacture of . Th most recent source of data on tho cons in the rubber industry is the Census of Ma According to this report 66,838 tons of zinc o manufacture of rubber goods in 1929, or 42 per of zinc oxide reported by domestic producers three percent of the total was used in the ma inner tubes, 4 percent in rubber boots and sho miscellaneous rubber goods. The data indicate oxide content of nil rubber goods is about 6 pe According to the Census of Manufactures for try consumed 55,603 tons of zinc oxide in that probably includes leaded zinc oxide also; thus t 30 percent of the total sales of zinc oxide and reported to tho Bureau of Mines for 1929. Lithopone.--Increasing use of lithopone and o ments in the paper industry is indicated by r pleted. Laboratory and preliminary plant te ; these pigments give to paper increased opacity, ness and a superior printing surface. In ad properties of the zinc pigments aid in keeping cause the formation of troublesome slime in pap ; Sales of lithopone to the paint industry wer 1932 than in 1931 and 38 percent below 1929. textiles took 15 percent less in 1932 than in less than in 1929, and sales to tho rubber indu below 1931 and 45 percent below 1929. Lithopone producers reported the use of abo pone m the manufacture of titanated lithopon With over 4,000 tons in 1931. Sales of high-st Up slightly better than of ordinary lithopone. Distribution of lithopone sales, 1928-82, by Industry 1928 (short 1929 (short 1930 (short 1931 tons) tons) tons) t rlnt, etc................................... Floor coverings and textiles.. Bobber........ ............................... Other............................... V' 149,122 35,41 fi 0, 898 9,032 200,408 150,804 37, 500 7, 170 10, 829 200.315 120,070 23. 060 ft, 997 8,330 104,005 1 1 Zinc chloride.--The principal use of zinc ch reservative, and statistics indicate that it is DFeosote in this field. According to the Depar the consumption of zinc chloride by wood-trea bout 8,000 tons in 1909 to a peak of nearly nee then it has dropped to about 12,000 ton in 1931, Meanwhile, the consumption o  !' 94 MINERALS YEARBOOK LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS from 51,000,000 gallons to a peak of 226,000,000 gallons in 1929.1 The consumption of creosote in 1931 was 30 percent below that of] 1928, whereas that of zinc chloride fell 56 percent. 3 Zinc sulphate.--Sales of zinc sulphate decreased 20 percent in.3 1932. One principal use of zinc sulphate is as a depressant in the ] flotation of lead-zinc ores. In 1929, 1,425 tons were so used, but j only 1,063 tons were used in 1930 and 509 tons in 1931. J RAW MATERIALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEAD AND] ZINC PIGMENTS AND SALTS j Lead content of lead anil zinc pigments produce 82, by sources, in sh 1931 Pigment Lend In pigments pro duced from-- Domes tic ore Second Pig lead ary ma terial Tota lead pin men Lead pigments and zinc pigments and salts are manufactured;] White lead................... Red lead....................... 78, 374 23.005 78,3 23.0 'A from a variety of materials, including ore, refined metal, and mis-1 Litharge........................ Orange mineral........... 00,446 250 60, 4 2 cellaneous secondary materials, such as scrap and waste, from various# Basic lead sulphate... 1.901 4,247 509 6, 7 industrial processes. In 1932, 96.1 percent of the lead in lead pig-1 Leaded zinc oxide___ Zinc oxide..................... 3,821 141 3,9 ments was derived from pig lead, 3.7 percent from ore, and 0.2 percent1 from secondary material. For zinc pigments the proportions were! 6, 722 106,328 710 172, 7 59.3 percent from ore, 21.4 percent from slab zinc, and 19.3 percent] from secondary materials. 1 Zinc content of zinc pigments and salts produce 82, by sources, in sh Metal content of lead pigments and zinc pigments and salts produced by domesticj manufacturersm 1981-82, by sources, in short tons j 1931 - Source 1931 1032 Lead In pigments 1 Zinc Id pigment and salt;. Lead Id pigments 1 Zinc In , pigments and salts. 5,722 160, 328 710 172, 760 74.532 26. 223 22. 799 123, 554 4,932 127,318 202 132,512 64,032 19,85) 17,800 92, MS * Includes also lead recovered in zinc oxide and leaded zinc oxide. The metal content of lead aoetatk] and lead arsenate Is not available os no canvass of their production is made by the Bureau of Mines. Mor*| over, these salts are derived from pip lead, and their metal content has already been taken Into statistics}] account In the figures covering lend production. j 1 Zinc ashes, sklramings, drosses, and old metal. 3 In the following tables the source of the metal used in the manufac-j ture of each pigment and salt is given. Pig lead is used exclusively^ either directly or indirectly, in the manufacture of white lead! litharge, red lead, and orange mineral and to a large extent in thffl manufacture of basic lead sulphate. Zinc oxide is the only pigment in] which considerable quantities of slab zinc are used. Ore is employed in the manufacture of zinc oxide, leaded zinc oxide, lithopone, zin<8 sulphate, and basic lead sulphate. Some secondary lead is used id the manufacture of basic lead sulphate, and a substantial proportion of the zinc in lithopone and zinc chloride made in the United State is derived from secondary material. .1 Pigment or salt Zinc la pigments and salts produced from-- Domes tic ore Second Slab zinc ary ma terial Tota zinc pig men and sa Zinc oxide..................... 47,460 Leaded zinc oxide___ 8.997 17,487 Zlne sulphate.............. 588 74, 532 26,136 67 20 20,223 45 540 15, 111 0,351 746 22,799 73,6 9,5 32, 5 0,4 1,3 123, 5 1 Includes zinc content of a small quantity of zinc sulphide PRODUCERS AND A list of the producers of the various zinc salts was given on page 220 of Min States, 1931, part I. During 1932 it Picher Lead Co. added 10 litharge furna the total to 16. Early in 1933 it was sta Co. was constructing a 50-ton mill nea " ew process for making zinc oxide wil group (Copperconda Mines Co.) that c lant at Santa Ana, Calif., in 1932. The Ozark Smelting & Mining Co., lilliams Co., began producing zinc su lant at Coffeyville, Kans. 96 MINERALS YEARBOOK PRICES The total value and the average price received by producers from sales of lead and zinc pigments and salts are stated earlier in this chapter. The range of market quotations as reported by the Oil, Paint and Drug Reportor appear in the following table: Range of quotations on lead pigments and zinc pigments and salts at New York, 1930-32, in cents per pound Troduct 1030 1031 1032 i White lead, or basic load carbonalo: Zinc oxide: Frcuch process, green scnl, bags, car lots.................................. French process, white seal, barrels, car lots............................. Zinc chlorido: Zinc sulphate, crystals, barrels 1......................................................... C. 75- 7. 76 7.26- 8. 25 10.00-11.54 7. 75- 8. 75 8. 75- 9. 75 10. 76-11.75 10.60-13.00 13.00-10.00 0. 60 0.60 9.38 10. 38 11.03 4.50- 5.25 10.00-32.00 2. 26- 3.50 5. 76 3.00- 3.50 6.00- 0.76 5. 60- 6.00 0. 50- 7. 25 0.33-10.30 5.76- 7.75 6. 76- 8. 76 0. 50-10. 76 10.00-10.50 10.00-10.00 0.00- 0.50 (') 5. 26- 0.00 0. 26- 7.00 8.76-10.76 0.00-10.60 0. 50-14.00 0. 50 0. 60 0.38 10. 38 11.03 4.50 13.00-10. 50 * 5. 75 -0.50 3 6. 75- 6.50 * 8.03- 9.76 *0. 63-10.38 3 10.8S-11.63 4.50 13.00-13.60 2. 25- 3.00 5. OO- 6. 76 3.00- 3. 50 3.00 5. OO- 5.76 3.00-3.60 1 Compiled from woekly reports. 1 Flguros not nvnilablo. 3 Beginning with Juno 4, 1032, recorded as 2-ton lots. * At works. Quotations for white lead and basic lead sulphate were steady up to the latter part of December, when a decrease of one half cent per pound was announced. The lead oxides fluctuated more, following the trend of pig-lead prices more closely. Quotations were main-1 tained at the level of the beginning of the year until the middle of July, when a drop of one half cent was recorded. During August three successive rises of one fourth cent each brought quotations above, the opening, but this was followed by a K-cent drop the first of October. A week later quotations again rose one fourth cent, where they remained until another J.-cent cut was announced the last of December. At the close of the year oxide quotations were one fourth cent below those at the first of the year. Zinc oxide quotations were reduced three fourths cent per pound below the year's opening levels about the middle of March and held at these levels for the rest of the year. Early in June, however, fur ther concessions were made by reducing the tonnage requirements from carload lots to 2-ton lots. The quotation for lithopone was maintained at 4.50 cents, but the basis was changed from carload t0,, 2-ton lots early in June. FOREIGN TRADE The United States continued to have an export balance in its foreign trade in lead and zinc pigments and salts in 1932. Exports wer valued at $974,253 and imports at $592,245, leaving an export balance LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS AND ZIN ,?f about $382,000 compared with $1,546,000 in in 1929. In 1929 exports were valued at $4,53 $1,198,000. Zinc pigments and salts accounted exports and 91 percent of the imports in 1932. The following table shows the value of tho salts imported and exported in 1931-32: Value of foreign trade of the United' Staten in lead and 1031-32 Lead pigments1, white lead.. Red lead. . Litharge.............. F Orange mineral. Total. 'i Zloc pigments: Zinc oxide..................... ' Lithopone.................... . Zinc sulphide.............. Total.. ' Lead 8nd zinc sails: Lead arsenate.......................... y ' All lead compounds *................. Zinc chloride.. Zlncsulphate. All zinc compounds TotBl.................... Grand total........ 76,600 724, 230 1 gd Includes litharge and orange mineral. ` Includes orange mineral. ...,* Excluding pigments. Salts not classified separately. Lead pigments and salts.--Imports of lead pigm negligible proportions. The most important lead compounds including lead acetate, lead nit ead pigments and salts imported for consumption in th in short tons Year Basic carbonato white lead Red lead Litharge 930.. L. 83 12 1 08 6 2 o74 10 <>) 08 0) 20 4 I Lew than 1 ton. The principal exports are white lead, litharge `enate, all of which decreased sharply in 1932, tharge, and red lead each amounted to less t omestic production of each of these pigments in hits lead to foreign countries decreased 66 per 98 MINERALS YEARBOOK the drop in exports to the United Kingdom. Exports of red lead and litharge fell 36 percent, as our principal customer, Canada, took 34 percent less than in 1931. Lead pigments and salts exported from the United States, 1028--82, in short tons Whilo lend Urtl load i l,it.hnrcn Load arsnnalo Other fend com pounds 1 nt.nl value j ms . . 1020.... 1030___ 1031___ 1032 ... 0, 476 ft, 908 f, 546 6, 008 l.WI - 2,084 2, 890 4, 128 3, 087 403 0) (*> (') (') 1, 403 ft47 782 1. 13ft 804 ftOft 102 $1, SOI, 950 1,010,937 1.777, 169 1,123,309 401,094 ' i Includes litharge from 1028 to 1931 and an unknown quantity of orange mineral, 1928 to 1032. * Included with red lead. White lead and red lead, orange mineral, and litharge exported from the United Slates, by destinations, 1928-82, in short tons Destination While load 1929 1930 1931 Kcd lend, orange mineral, and litharge 1929 1930 1931 1032 Countries: Argentina................................ Canada.................................... Netherlands............................ Netherland West Indies__ Panama.................................... Philippine Islands................ Unlten Kingdom................... Others........ ........ ..................... Total..................................... Continents: North America....................... South America....................... Europe..................................... Asia........................................... Africa........................................ Occaulo.................................... 400 122 532 2 rr.8 228 3, 382 074 5, 908 940 496 3,037 494ft 30 434 66 257 3 101 380 4, 750 ftftft 0. 540 388 575 5,075 484 8 10 67 81 36! 1 1 m 4, 235 IftO ft, 008 152 83 4,619 123 an f 31 25 23 1,545 387 3 "M2 201 77 m 133 743 169 148 729 2, 800 -- ' 326 75 1,131 ('1)48 f 2,100 190 227 213 IM1 96 1,604 58 901 79 144 442 804 103 1,935 37 o 70 80 233 017 63 1,268 4 3 2 105 29 616 4, 128 3,087 1,989 - -- - - - - -- 2,814 199 701 300 7 107 2,117 223 490 217 tn40 1,379 218 197 170 21 1 Less than 1 ton. Zinc pigments and salts.--For the first time in several years the value of 7,inc pigments and salts imported exceeded that exported--a result of a sharp decline in exports of zinc oxide and zinc salts and a substantial increase in imports of zinc oxide. Lithopone continued to be the most important zinc import both in tonnage and value, notwithstanding a 17 percent drop in tonnage. Imports of zinc, oxide (dry) increased 86 percent in quantity. Nearly all the zinc pigments imported, in 1932 came from Europe. I lie Netherlands supplied 56 percent, Germany 1 percent, and Belgium 43 percent of. the lithopone. Imports of zinc oxide originated as follows: Belgium,' 24 percent; France, 12 percent; United Kingdom, 55 percent; Ger-. many, 4 percent; and other countries, 5 percent. Most of the 1932 increase was derived from the United Kingdom. LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS AND Zinc pigments and salts imported for consumption in short tons Yonr 1928.................................................. 1929.................................................. 1931................... ....... , . .. . Z/nc oxide Dry In oil Lllhopone su 1.348 1, 207 1.066 1,352 2,ftt5 107 0,885 no 8,409 79 7,018 105 ft, 674 167 4,724 Exports of lithopone, zinc oxide, and zinc 75, and 70 percent in quantity, respective value of the three commodities declined 55 tinued as the principal importer of United S oxide, but shipments of lithopone declined 1 74 percent. Canada increased its imports United Kingdom and the Nothorlands 91 respectively, in 1932. Shipments of zinc o dom declined 94 percent in 1932. Owing to of zinc oxide at home the United Kingdo importing to an exporting nation in this com Zinc pigments and salts exported from the United S Year Zinc oxldo Litho pone Zinc anils Total value Year Z o 1928......... 1929......... 1930......... J4.700 17. 638 10, 753 3, 326 4, ftftO 3, 005 1.688 $2, 338. 0ft4 I,711 2,919, 140 J, 558 1,056,085 1031......... 1032........ Zinc oxide and lithopone exported, from the United Sta in short tons GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, LEAD, AND ZINC I MONTANA, UTAH, AND WASHI By C. N. Ge r r y a n d Pa u l Lu ARIZONA The value of the gold, silver, copper, and lead in Arizona in 1932 was $13,172,871, a marked d 694 in 1931. The decrease in the value of the Was more than $25,000,000, and there were a the values of the gold and silver productions. in 1932 was slightly more than that in 1931, b On account of the decline in the average price; from mines in Arizona in 1931 or 1932. ' The average price of copper in 1932 (6.1 ce than any annual average price from 1850 to 19 closing of several mines producing copper ore Operators in the last decade. After the Phelp absorbed the smelting and mining assets of the Mining Co. on October 1, 1931 the Copper Que Was closed, and in 1932 the Phelps Dodge Cor adjoining smelter formerly used by the Calum * g Co. The Phelps Dodge Corporation clo ranch in April 1932, and the Morenci branc leaving only the Bisbee division in active op pper Co. closed its mine and mill at Miam ipiration Consolidated Copper Co. closed its a concentrator on May 9. The closing of t ulted in the closing in June of the copper ational Smelting Co. at Miami. The mine ifanch of the Nevada Consolidated Copper C uously in 1932, but at a greatly reduced rat elter of the American Smelting & Refini termittently on concentrates from the Neva Hayden and on crude ore and concentrates ators. The mine, mill, and smelter of th II Superior, Pinal County, were closed in June tile United Verde Copper Co. at Clarkdale r t the year. The United Verde Extension j$only operated its mine at Jerome and its s ' ^ entire year but increased its output of go 3 of the 9 copper smelters in Arizona we year. In normal times Arizona produces ` of the total copper production of the U unt of the general decrease in the copper 1, and Michigan, the ratio in 1932 was cl 102 MINERALS YEARBOOK Mine production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in Arizona, 1928-S8, in tcrml of recovered metals Year Ore, old IfilllngH, etc. Gold Silver Copper Lead Zinc Total value 1928................... 1920..................... 1930.................... 1931...................... |932 i................... Short tons 22, 828. 708 25,8G0, 772 19.802,919 13,090,010 4.455,000 $3, 907,488 4.182, 287 3.501,010 2, 008. 495 1,319,000 Fine ounces 0.791.351 7,543, 283 fi, 540, 732 3.245.311 2.057,000 Pounds 732. 270.803 830.028,411 570.190,007 401.344.909 183,887,000 Pounds 14,380.904 10,054,122 8, 491.023 1,004,112 2,000,000 Pounds 1,278,030 $114,300,381 2, 458. 580 155, 507,133 1,030.500 81.042,416 40,144,694 --............. 13,172,871 Subject to revision. Gold.--The gold output in 1932 decreased about 50 percent from llmt in 1931 due to drastic curtailment in the mining of copper ore and to the decreased output of gold ore from the Tom Heed and other mines near Oatman, Mohave County. In 1932 the output of gold in Arizona was less than half that of any other year except 1908, since detailed records were started in 1903. An exceptionally large decrease was recorded in the production of gold from the rlom Reed mine, and marked declines were also recorded from the properties of the Phelps Dodge Corporation, United Verde Copper Co., and Mag*, ma Copper Co. A large increase, however, was reported from the' United Verde Extension mine at Jerome, Yavapai County. The United Verde mine, also at Jerome, the largest producer of gold ini* Arizona from 1924 to 1930, was idle in n32, as were the mill and smelter at Clarkdnle. - There was a decided increase in the production of gold from placei operations, particularly from Copper Basin, Big Bug Creek, Lynx- Creek, and Octavo in Yavapai County, Greatervfllc in Pima County,' Dome and Quartzsite in Yuma County, San Francisco River G__re__e_n_le_e C__o_u_n_t_yf , a_nd G__old Basin in Mohlave County. There w~ also considerable activity in gold mining at lode mines in the Do' Cabezas district in Cochise County; Vulture district in Maricopa County; Weaver district in Mohave County; Arivaca, Cababi, and Quijotoa districts in Pima County; Old Hat district in Pinal County Oro Blanco district in Santa Cruz County; Black Canyon, Cher Creek, IJassayampa, and Weaver districts in Yavapai County; an Ellsworth district in Yuma County. The Copper Queen branch o. the Phelps Dodge Coporation was by far the largest producer of gol, in Arizona in 1932; it was followed in order by the United Verd Extension, Magma, Tom Reed, New Cornelia, and Katherine pro' erties. .... ,, Silver. --The silver output in Arizona in 1932 decreased 1,188,311 ounces from the output in 1931, and the value from $941,140 to $580,074. Most of the silver, as well as a majority of the gold pro* duccd in Arizona, is recovered from copper ore. Since there was a unusual decrease in the output of copper material in 1932 there was decided decline in the production of both silver and gold. In 1932 th output of silver in Arizona was the smallest since detailed records w started, and the average price (28.2 cents an ounce) was less than tha of any year since 1850. The largest decrease in^silver output w* reported from the properties of" th' e Ph' e'lps Dod'ge ^Corporation. "T"h inactivity at the United Verde mine, the largest silver producer ' GOLD, ETC., IN ARIZ., IDAHO, MONT. Arizona from 1923 to 1930, resulted in a la put, and there was also a large decrease Superior. The Copper Queen branch of th tion was the loading producer of silver in A followed by the Magma and United Verde . Copper.--In 1932 Arizona was again the in the Lnitcd States, but its output decre output in 1931, and the value decreased fro 107. The a verage price of copper in 1932 w compared with 9.1 cents a pound in 1931 a unusually low price in 1932 resulted in the large producers of copper, some of which opernbon for 30 years. The value of the c nearly 70 percent less than that in 1931, 85 1930, and less than one fourth of the value o ,: The United Verde Extension Mining Co ' copper producer in Arizona which increase 1931, but the output was considerably less largest decrease was reported by the Cop Phelps Dodgo Coporation, followed closely erty. Other largo decreases were reporte '.Dominion mines in Gila County, the New the United Verde in Yavapai County, Greenlee County, and the Magma and Ra The largest copper producers in 1932 were Verde Extension, Morenci, Magma, Miam New Cornelia properties. ; Lead.--The lead production in Arizona over the production in 1931, but the valu to $56,000, as the average price of lead d .pound in 1931 to 2.8 cents in 1932. |. Nearly all the large producing lead mine 1032, which resulted in an output less tha 1004. Almost all the leod ore or concentra was smelted at El Paso, Tox., as the lead fur The Tombstone Extension property at To Sroducer of lead in Arizona in 1932, and it w ueen branch of the Phelps Dodge Corp Montana mine of the Eagle-Picher Load C County, and the 79 mine at Hayden Junctio -which produced nearly 2,000,000 pounds o .both in 1931 and in 1932. The increases fro Bion property , and from the Copper Quee Dodge Corporation in 1932 offset the decide Reef, Grand Central tailings dump, and sm 'Zinc.--No zinc was recovered from ore m 1031 or 1932. _ Review of districts and operations.--The ducing districts of Arizona are Bisbee, Coc County; and Jerome, Yavapai County. T f Warren district in 1931 was 1,186,213 ~pper precipitates, yielded $731,888 in g ``liver, 95,327,922 pounds of copper, and falued in all at $9,805,074, a decrease of $8, 104 MINERALS YEARBOOK the output in 1930. The chief producers in the district in 1931 were the Copper Queen find Calumet and Arizona mines. Jn 1932 the output ol the district wns again distinctly decreased, and the only operator worthy of note was (lie Copper Queen branch of the Phelps Dodge Corporation. The output of copper from this property in 1932 was less than half that in 1931, and there was also a decrease in the output of gold and silver, but the output of lead increased. ; The property, however, was the largest producer of gold, silver, and copper in Arizona. In 1932 about 200,000 tons of ore, chiefly copper material, were produced from the district, which yielded gold, silver, copper, and lead valued at about $3,755,000. The production of the Globe district in 1931 was 7,429,571 tons of ore and old tailings (chiefly copper ore), $50,809 in gold, 77,070 ounces of silver, 120,443,010 pounds of copper, and 47,005 pounds ol lead, valued in all at $11,581,503, a decrease of $9,121,253 from the value of the output in 1930. In 1932 the output of ore in the Globe district was less than one third the output in 1931, as the two chief producers closed in May. The Miami mine was the largest producer of copper in the district in 1932, and the Inspiration mine was second. The Old Dominion mine, a large iroducer of copper ore for the last 40 years, was closed October 14, 1931, and the mine was permitted to fill with water to the twelfth level. According to the printed annual report of the Miami Copper Co. for 1932, 1,417,810 tons of ore con taining 0.774 percent copper were milled during the first 4}< months of the year. Although operating costs were reduced to 6.64 cents per pound of copper, the price wns too low to permit further opera tion. The construction of a new plant to treat 3,000 tons of tadings a day was completed, and it was put in operation in August. This plant operated intermittently until February 8, 1933, when the entire property was closed. On January 1, 1933, the estimated ore reserves consisted of 78,527,502 tons of sulphide ore containing 0.88 percent copper and 6,911,678 tons of mixed ore containing 1.83 percent copper. In 1932 the cost of mining per pound of copper was 3.08 cents, the cost of milling was 2.26 cents, and general costs 1.30 cents, a total cost of 6.64 cents. .. According to the printed annual report of the Inspiration Consoli dated Copper Co. for 1932, operations began at the property on June 29, 1915, and from this date to the end of 1932, 72,392,583 tons of ore were treated, which yielded 1,328,566,121 pounds of copper. The ore reserves on December 31, 1932, consisted of 41,217,769 tons of milling ore containing 1.438 percent copper and 27,793,001 tons of mixed ore containing 1.276 percent copper. The property is fully equipped to produce 130,000,000 pounds of copper annually. The mill treated 4,092 tons of sulphide ore by flotation in 1932, which yielded 124,785 pounds of copper; 537,929 tons of ore were leached, which yielded 11,061,682 pounds of copper; 28,029 tons of slimes from the leaching plant were concentrated by flotation, which yielded 172,311 pounds of copper; and 667,403 pounds of copper were re covered from slimes leached, a total production of 12,026,181 pounds of copper for the year compared with 61,368,033 pounds in 1931i The combined extraction of ore and slimes treated in 1932 was 88.926 percent of the total copper, and the cost of producing fine copper, including depreciation, but excluding depletion and federal taxes, was 9.907 cents a pound compared with 8.429 cents a pound in 1931. GOLD, ETC., IN ARIZ., IDAHO, MONT. , The value of the output of the Verde dist The output consisted of copper ore chief Extension and United Verde mines. From Verde mine was the largest producer of silv , same period, with the exception of 1923, i ,of gold in Arizona; and with the exception o (largest producer of copper. In May 1931 ('Were closed, resulting m an unusual decre ^district in 1931-32. The United Verde Ex 1 important producer in the district in 1932, over that in 1931. According to the compa :,for 1932, 212,241 tons of ore and concent yielded 10,007 ounces of gold, 348,247 ounc pounds of copper. The mine ranked secon and copper in Arizona in 1932 and third in of producing 1 pound of copper was 5.45 c .end of 1932 are estimated to be 360,000 tegular quarterly dividends during the yea The Mineral Creek and Pioneer districts district in Pifna County, and the Copper M lee County ore also largo copper-produ mines of the Nevada Consolidated Copper 'district, Pinal County, were operated near . ) 12,000-ton flotation concentrator at Hayde (The ore output in 1932 was less than half t (production decreased nearly 40 percent. A ; concentrates and 9,900 tons of crude copp (American Smelting & Refining Co. plant at and smelter of the Magma Copper Co. in (`Couinnty, were closed in June, but the mine :<.16 and mining resumed from November 28 ;mg to the company's printed annual repo duced 5,151.72 ounces of gold, 486,037 ounc (pounds of copper, a decrease of 2,361 ounces jBilver, and 7,085,107 pounds of copper fr 'tons of ore containing 6.90 percent copper a ( treated in 1932 by table and flotation con :i86,000 tons of first-class copper ore, were nelia mine and 15,000-ton notation conce Puna County, was operated by the Phelps April, when all work ceased. The produc about one fourth that in 1931, and there w m the production of gold and silver. Th Phelps Dodge Corporation in the Copper M County, was operated until July, when all m ng ceased. The property is equipped with centrator and a 500-ton smelter. Althoug in 1932 was about 15,000,000 pounds less th erty ranked third as a producer of copper i 106 MINERALS YEARBOOK IDAHO The value of the gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc picul need from m__i_n_e_s_in Idaho in 193_ 2 decreased abDcout 34 percent from 1931. The largest decrease was in lead, by far the most important metnl pro duced in the State. The production in 1932 was the smallest since 1902 and was valued at about $3,976,000 compared with $7,352,981 in 1931. There were also decreases in the output of zinc, silver, and copper, hut the output of gold was the largest since 1910 and was more than double the output in 1931. Smelting and refining operations at the lead plant at Kellogg were conducted at a considerably lower rate, and the electrolytic zinc plant at Silver King was run on a part-time basis. Several of the large mines that had operated regularly for many years, especially those in Shoshone County near Wallace and Morning, were idle during part or nil of 1932. In general, the mining industry in .blah" in 1932 was distinctly subnormal and was a con tinuation of the lepressed conditions in 1931. Several interesting developments, however, augmented the pro duction of both gold and silver in Idaho during the year. Probably that attracting widest attention was the unusually large gold pro duction made by the St. Joseph Lend Co. at its property near Atlanta, Elmore County, ns the mines in this region had been virtually idle since. 1917. Development at the St. Joseph property--a consolidation of the Atlanta Mines and Boise-llochcstcr group--had been in progress before the recent interest in reopening old gold mines, but the dredge activity at Warren in Idaho County, the work at the Mayflower mine in Boise County, and much of the activity in Valley County were new features of 1932. The increased output of silver from the Sun shine (Yankee Boy) property was also notable, not only because the production was greatly increased over Unit in 1031, but because the, ore was mined when silver was sold at such an abnormally low price. The mine became the largest producer of silver in the United States in 1932 and produced about 44 percent of the State output of silver. Mine productinn of gold, silver, copper, lend, and zinc in Idaho, 1028-32, in iermi of recovered mclnltt ' Ycnr Oro, old (.niHnRS.clc. (loM Silver ('np|ior 7,1 nc Tolnl vnltie 1028...................... 1930..................... 1932 ................. 2,054,320 2, 174,125 1.944.900 1.299,927 1,031,000 fine ovnret $433.703 8,998.330 418. 545 9,414.403 443.309 9. 420.039 379, 563 7. 220.923 930.434 6, 700, 000 Pounds 2,072,105 5,131,438 3.111,555 1,144,915 1,097,000 Pounds 200,045,905 297.389, 488 208,115,903 108. 729.228 142,000,000 Pounds 02, 520. 048 91.350.807 75,298,172 39. 137,212 20. 400,000 $20,007,708 3). 104,240 21.494,807 11,418,013 7,601,16; Subject to revision. Gold.--The mine output of gold in Idaho remained close to $400,000 from 1928 to 1931 but advanced to an amount valued at $936,434 in 1932 due to the greatly increased production from both placer and lode properties. The value of the production in 1932 was the largest since 1916 when $1,115,810 in gold was produced. The increase in the output of gold in 1932 waa due chiefly to the shipment of gold bullion mid concentrates resulting from tho operation of the mine and mill of tho St. Joseph Lead Co. at Atlanta, Elmore County, the increase in the output of gold from the dredge of the Idaho Gold (Dredging Co. near Warren, Idaho County, and mill of the Yellow Pine Co. near Yellow Pine (Talache Mines, Inc., operating the Gold Hill & (burg, was the largest producer of gold in Ida ; virtually idlo in 1932 following the fire of Au (however, was reopened and the vein develop " ` The Idawa Gold Mining Co. and the poration, both large producers of gold si i gold in 1932. r After spending much time and money in '.Rochester property and the Atlanta Mines building a new 200-ton amalgamation and flot St. Joseph Lead Co. became tho largest produ . 1932. The new plant had its initial run earl . bullion was shipped tp the assay office at Bois concentrates were hauled to Mountain Home a ;smelting. In 1932 the company produced a total State output of gold or more than all produced in 1931. f A comparatively new company which be 1932 was the Yellow Pine Co. at its property n |County. The company started operating its iplant in January and by the end of the year suc third largest producer of gold in Idaho; the mi quantity of concentrates containing stibnite, th new dredge of tho Idaho Gold Dre increased its output of gold and ranked secon in Idaho in 1932. A new dredge was constru by the Warren Creek Dredging Co., the old B Creek near Pierce was reconditioned by the Now 1 Corporation, and the dredge in Owyhee Coun jthe American Gold Dredging Co., was worke by the Superior Leasing Co. The combined Elants was valued at about $170,000 compared %y 4 dredges in 1931. Considerable gold was olden Anchor Mine near Burgdorf, Idaho C small Wmlitnnensn 1throughouit itkheA SCtlantle.. There wafpi___--,, -_____ in the output of siliceous gold ore in 1932 an 'eposits of gold at the assay office at Boise for tSilver.--The output of silver decreased 52 small quantity compared with the decre lespite the decrease in value from $2,094,068 932 the State was the second largest produce tates, following Utah, as it was in 1930-31. y in the Coeur d'Alene district, which produ unces of silver, about 45 percent of the silver re of the Sunshine (Yankee Boy) Mine on Big ost of the remainder was produced from the ecla, Morning, and Crescent Mines, which 'ven. The Golconda and Page properties in t. Joseph property in Elmore County, and onner County were also large producers of roperty increased its silver output about 550, nly the largest silver producer in Idaho but b 108 < MINERALS YEARBOOK GOLD, ETC., IN ARIZ., IDAHO, MONT., U * producer in the United States in 1932. The 500-ton flotation plant creased from $1,487,214 to about $632,400. ; ! was worked regularly and the company paid four quarterly dividends June declined from 3.8 cents a pound in 1931 aggregating $150,000. Large increases in the output of silver were also made from the Crescent on the west side of Big Creek and the Golconda Mines cast of Wallace, but unusually large decreases were reported from the Morning, Ilocla, Bunker Hill & Sullivan, Hall- Interstate, Page, Blackhawk, Dayrock, and Sherman Mines. Copper.--Tho output of copper decreased about 4 percent in 1932, and the value decreased from $104,187 to $00,917 as the average price of the metal decreased 3 cents a pound. About half the copper produced in Idaho in 1932 came from the J Sunshine (Yankee Boy) property, as the chief mineral in the ore of ' thb important producer is a variety of tetrahedrite carrying con sult. -able silver as well as copper. It was followed by the Bunker Hill & Sullivan and Hecla properties, where a small quantity of copper is associated with lead ore. The regular copper producers in Idaho, such as the Mackay Metals Co., operating property in Custer County, 4932, several of the large producers of lead '.throughout the year, and most of those t .curtailed production. More than 57 percen 5recovered by roasting and leaching at the el -Falls, Mont., and the remainder was recov Sullivan Mining Co. at Silver King, which w one third capacity. The Morning Mine ex production and produced slightly more tha the State, but its output was 56 percent less order were the Bunker Hill & Sullivan, Si ,Star, and Page Mines. The output from e except the Golconda and Star Mines, was co in 1931. Mines and mills.--According to the print 'Federal Mining & Smelting Co. for the year and the Winder-Stillman Con, operating property in Lemhi County, 1 have been closed since the drop in the price of copper in 1930. | Lead.--The output of lead in 1932 decreased about 28 percent 3 from that in 1931, and the value of the output decreased from $7,352,- f 981 to about $3,970,000 as a result of general curtailment of produc-] ih the Hunter district, Shoshone County, wa 12 days a month from January 1 to May 31 .December 31'; the mine was closed from Jun property is equipped with a 1,200-ton flotat 1932 the plant treated 102,352 tons of lead tion caused by a continued drop in the average prices of lead and zinc.q 129,267 tons from 1931. The ore contained Idaho suffered particularly from the extremely low price of lead,! as the State produces about 25 percent of the lead produced in the! United States. The State, however, maintained its position as the; second largest producer of lead in the United States, after Missouri. Of silver to tho ton, 9.8 percent lead, and 6 12,194 tons of lead concentrates were prod ounces of silver and 17,981,158 pounds of l Zinc concentrates were produced containing The Bunker Hill & Sullivan, Ilcc.la, and Morning Mines were as! usual tho three largest producers, but the total output of these mines] was 20 percent less than that in 1931; the output from the Morning! Mine alone decreased more than 20,000,000 pounds, as the property , was closed 5 months of the year. Other large producers of lead ini 1932 were the Page, Golconda, Sidney, and Whitedelf properties.'! According to the annual report of the Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining &| Concentrating Co. for 1932 the company mined and treated 429,8801 tons of ore compared with 460,300 tons in 1931. The Bunker Hilll smelter and refinery were operated on a 1-furnace basis and pro-1 duced 00,283 tons of lead, 8,528,772 ounces of silver, and 34,760.1 ounces of silver, 537,361 pounds of lead, a tine. In 1931 a total of 48,146 tons of lea Concentrates was produced containing 183 ounces of silver, 39,240,023 pounds of lead, a zinc. In 1932 the mine was operated at a lo tjO a profit of $65,170 in 1931 and $766,091 in - Ore reserves at the end of 1932 were estim developed ore. During tho year the 3,450 le !onaI length of 30 feet, making the total leng he 3,650 level was opened an additional len tal length of 720 feet on tho ore. ounces of gold compared with a production of 77,687 tons of lead,' . The Page and Blackhawk Mines in the Y 10,049,526 ounces of silver, and 44,841 ounces of gold in 1931. The] sharp decreases indicate a marked reduction in both company and] custom materials received at the plant. Dividends paid in 19321 amounted to only $01,637 compared with $553,246 in 1931 andj $2,109,090 in 1930. Ore reserves at tho end of the year were 2,118,273j tons, and mine development was limited to the new Flood-Pikfr*| Stanly area where important new reserves of ore were opened. The! electrolytic zinc plant of tho Sullivan Mining Co., which is worked-! under the control of the Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Concentrat*! ing Co., operated continuously during 1932 at about 29 percent ofl capacity. Although virtually all tho important producers of lead ini Idaho decreased their output decidedly the Golconda Lead Mines! increased its output nearly 1,000,000 pounds. '1 Zinc---The zinc recovered from ore and concentrates in 1932] decreased about 47 percent from that in 1931, and the value d-^ pounty, were also operated in 1932 on the sam Mme by the Federal Mining & Smeltin nnted company report, 19,174 tons o1 lea m the Page Mine and 4,428 tons of simil e Blackhawk Mine. The ore from both m the 300-ton flotation mill at tho Page prop se of 4.20 ounces of silver to the ton, 11.1 ercent zinc. A total of 3,907 tons of lea 'ncentrates was produced from both mines Id, 91,016 ounces of silver, 4,756,646 poun unds of zinc. This represents a decided d .,1931 when 54,909 tons of Jead-zinc ore wero total of 9,287 tons of lead concentrates an induced containing 18 ounces of gold, 2 ,885,834 pounds of lead, and 1,604,781 p 110 MINERALS YEARBOOK serves in the Page-Blackhawk group are estimated at 344,400 tons . at the end. of 1932. Besides properties in Idaho the Federal Mining & Smelting Co. also owns properties in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri, hut the only mines worked in 1932 were those in Idaho. The total value of all metals sold in 1932 was SI ,085,844 as compared to $3,007,304 in 1931. After $1,510,133 was deducted for cost of production, freight, treatment, and royalty the net operating loss was $424,289. ,i The Hercules custom-flotation plant at Wallace was operated part of the year chiefly on ore from the Tamarack & Custer Mine. The total quantity of ore treated in 1932, however, was less than 7 percent of that treated in 1931. MONTANA Most of the gold and silver and nearly all the copper produced in' Montana depend on the output of copper ore from mines at Butte,, Silver Bow County, and the value of the metals recovered from copper material in 1931 accounted for nearly 93 percent of the total value of. the metal output of the State. In 1932 the value of gold, silver,, copper, lead, n.nd zinc produced from mines in Montana was $6,667,957 compared with $19,575,053 in 1931. , The largo decrease of nearly $13,000,000 in the combined value of the metals resulted chiefly from curtailment in the output of copper ore by the Anaconda Copper Mining Co. and the continued drop in the average sales prices of silver, copper, lead, and zinc, iho output: of each metal except gold decreased to a marked degree from that in 1931--copper 54 percent, lead 73 percent, zinc 67 percent, silver 56 percent, and gold less than 1 percent. Mine production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in Montana, 1928--32, itf terms of recovered metots Year Ore, old tnIHags, etc. oo)d Copper 1028___ 1929.... 1930___ 1931.... 19321... Short tons 4.344,279 4,723,445 2,08fi, 669 2,085,083 705,000 203,020 1,131,949 899.001 829.102 823.773 Fine ounces 10.853, 27fi 12,716, 977 7,052.889 3,829.837 1,071,000 Pounds 248. 202, 027 297,725,973 190,187. 523 184,555. 735 84,717,000 Pounds 33. "59. 644 39,213, 707 21,300, 044 8.8G0,180 2,376,000 Pounds 105. 600,180 130,351, 734 52, 841,108 13, 494,980 4,475,000 i Subject to revision. Gold.--The value of tho gold output from both lode and plac mines was close to that of 1931, chiefly on account of tho intorest the operation of lode gold mines. A feature in 1932 was tho goner and continued activity in gold mining which resulted in rcoponr mines formerly productive as well as prospecting for and develop new ones. The Jardine Mine at Jardinc, Park County, a large producer 0 gold from 1918 to 1926, was again active in September 1932 and p duced more than $28,000 in gold during the last quarter of the ye Besides gold, part of whicli is free, the ore contains arsenopyrite an scheelite. The plant includes a 200-ton amalgamation and conce tration mill, arsenic plant, and cyanide plant. The I. B. Mining Cwhich started working the Sleeping Princess group near Bannac GOLD, ETC., IN ARIZ., IDAHO, MONT., U Beaverhead County, in March 1931 continue throughout 1932. The property is equipped plant, and slightly more gold bullion than in mint at San Francisco. The mine ranked se told in Montana in 1932. The Puberty Mont its property near Jefferson Island, Madison C year at one third of its normal capacity. The fchalcopyrito and pyrite, was treated in a 15 trator, and copper concentrates rich in gold we for smelting. The production of gold from Property in 1932 was more than double that became the largest producer of gold in Monta been a large producer of gold recovered fro during the last 5 years. The Ohio-Keating g roadwater County, was worked by the Ohio ~rporation until September 10 when operatio 6,000 tons of iron oxide ore were treated in lant and gold bullion valued at about $64,0 . on, 247 tons of iron sulphide ore containing to the ton was shipped for smelting. The prop its output of gold in 1932 but ranked third a 'ontana. About 2,800 tons of gold ore fro ine near Southern Cross, Deer Lodge County mation, and exceptionally rich gold ore o lpped from the August Mine near Landusky 'Mines in the Highlands district 15 miles so ow County received more attention in 1932 "d the Butte Highlands Mining Co. shipped re containing more than 1 ounce of gold to th me of the Montana Mines Corporation, a ce 1928, was idle in 1932. The decrease i ty and from the Anaconda group represente f'l14,600 ounces of gold; but the large increas 6 Liberty Montana, Ohio-Keating, Jardine, OH, and Butte Highlands properties, and the In the I. B. Mine and from many small p As of the State nearly offset the decrease. `he largest gold producers in the State in ontana. I. B., Onio-Keating, Anaconda, J in, and Drumlummon properties. ver.~The output of silver in 1932 was less d was the smallest since detailed product rded. The decrease in silver output was curtailment in the output of copper ore fro aconda Copper Mining Co., as most of t pntana is recovered from copper ore mined a M for silver, however, much silver-bearing o Kila, Flathead County; Philipsburg, Granite cade County. opper.--The copper output decreased nea 932, and the value of the output decrease 67,737, the lowest value in the last 30 tase in the size of the copper output, com e average sales price from 9.1 cents a poun 112 MINERALS YEARBOOK pound in 1932 find the decrease in the value of the silver output, accounted for nearly 95 percent of the total decrease in the value of the inetal output of the State. . Despite the large decline in the output of copper the State retained its position as the second largest producer of copper in the United States. In 1932 the Anaconda Copper Mining Co. produced nearly all the State's copper from its mines at Butte, which were kept in operation despite the exceptional drop in the price of copper. The production was less than half that in 1931. Lead.--The production of lead decreased 73 percent in quantity and 80 percent in value; it was the smallest output since 1903. The decrease of nearly 6,500,000 pounds in the production of lead was due chiefly to the closing of the Jack Waite Mine and mill in March. The property, however, was the largest producer of lead in Montana in 1932, as it was in 1931. . ' Nearly all the large producers of lead in Montana, especially those at Butte, have been closed since the drop in metal prices. The Block P Mine near Monarch, Judith Basin County, was the largest producer, of lead in Montana in 1929 and 1930, but the property was closed during the latter part of 1930 as a result of low metal prices. In 1929 and 1930 considerable lead was also produced from mines near Basin, Jefferson County; Philipsburg, Granite County; Radersburg, Broad water County; and Melrose, Madison County. The lead smelter at East Helena was operated until June 16 when it was closed for an indefinite period. The receipts in 1932 consisted chiefly of lead con centrates from Idaho and residues from the electrolytic zinc plant at Great Falls. Zinc--Nearly all the zinc produced in Montana in 1932 was recovered from treating current slag in the fuming plant of the. Anaconda Copper Mining Co. at East Ilcicnn. The total output of zinc decreased 67 percent in quantity in 1932 and was the lowest, since 1908. The value decreased from $512,809 in 1931 to $138,726. in 1932. This large decrease was due to the fact that the production* of zinc from current slag at East Helena was suspended when the lead smelter closed in June. The Jack Waite property in Sanders County, produced a little zinc, recovered from zinc concentrates shipped, to the electrolytic zinc plant at Silver King, Idaho. The electrolytic zino plant near Great Falls was operated at less than one half capacity, treating chiefly custom material from Utah and Idaho; the electr"' lytic zinc plant at Anaconda was idle. The custom flotation plant* for the treatment of lead-zinc ore at Aanconda and Butte, owned by the Anaconda Copper Mining Co., remained inactive the entire year. In 1929 nearly 74 percent of the zinc produced in Montana waa recovered from zinc ore and lead-zinc ore from the mines at Butte, Silver Bow County, but the mines were closed in 1930 as a result of the drop in metal prices. In 1929-30 considerable zinc was alsd produced from the Block P Mine near Monarch, Judith Basin County from current slag at East Helena and from mines near Phihpsbuig Granite County. ...... t Butte district and Silver Bow County.--The Butte district, by 1 the most important mining region of Montana., produced 1,869,33 tons of ore and old tailings in 1931 from which $206,268 in gold, 3,698. 676 ounces of silver, and 184,361,564 pounds of copper were recovered or metals valued at $18,055,786, a decrease from $29,300,026 m 193 GOLD, ETC., IN ARIZ., IDAHO, MONT., UTA The production of gold, silver, and copper from precipitates from the Butte mines in 1932 $5,831,736. . The Anaconda Copper Mining Co. was virtua in the Butte district in 1932. According to the pany report for 1932 the mines continued to but at a greatly reduced rate. In 1932 tho Ana produced 97,573,887 pounds of copper, 2,027,6 and 18,551.5 ounces of gold; nearly all the copper mines at Butte, but about 83 percent of the gold from mines outside of Silver Bow County. produced 173,440,855 pounds of copper, 3,640, and 19,486.2 ounces of gold. Tho electrolyt Anaconda Copper Mining Co. at Great Falls May 6, 1932, and the plant at Anaconda has 1931. During the time the plant at Great Falls production of 33,904,565 pounds of zinc was ma concentrates received from mills in Idaho and :two plants produced 125,983,883 pounds of zi Ih.e sales and earnings of the Anaconda . and its subsidiaries, in 3 932 were $52,295,611. including all operating expenses, current develo charges, repairs, selling and general expenses, to $57,240,906, resulting in an operating loss of With an operating income of $6,409,427 in 1931. .interest, and expense of carrying nonoperating and $610,063 was allowed for miscellaneous inc Surplus was $16,893,240. The company paid n and the reported surplus at the end of the y Compared to a reported surplus of $69,613,562 a \ No lead or zinc has been produced from the 1930 on account of low metal prices. The Nort a large producer of copper in 1930, was closed mamed nonproductive throughout 1932. ^From 1882 to the end of 1932 Silver Bow Co he Buttb district, yielded gold, silver, copper, l J.t $2,172,616,484, as follows: Gold, $37,367,104; opper, $1,577,522,736; lead, $21,016,091; and ,hese values represent 1,807,633.58 ounces unces of silver, 10,371,575,359 pounds of ounds of lead, and 2,567,395,925 pounds of zin UTAH * The mines of Utah produced gold, silver, co &lued at $14,325,782 in 1932, a value less than fo d a decrease of $14,645,192 from the outp reduction declined so rapidly in the last 3 years ye metals in 1932 was only 15 percent of tha ar in the history of metal mining in Utah. The curtailed output of copper ore, chiofly fr perty at Bingham, and the decline in metal ^percent of the total decrease in the value of th te. There was also a large decrease in the 114 MINERALS YEARBOOK GOLD, ETC., IN ARIZ., IDAHO, MONT., UTAH, AND ore from mines at Bingham and Park City and in lead ore from mines in tlio Tintic district. The smelting plants at Murray and Tooele were operated at greatly reduced capacity and for only part of the year, hut the lead smelter at. Midvolc was worked throughout the year on a 1-fumaco basis, and the copper plant at Garfield continued to operate at reduced capacity. Utah remained first in the United States in the production of silver followed by Idaho and Montana, ranked third in copper after Arizona and Montana, and third in load after Missouri and Idaho. The. fact that the average, prioo of copper dropped to an unprec edented low of 0.3 cents a pound, resulting in the closing of the Utah Copper mine part of the year after the capacity had been greatly reduced, was a severe blow to the mining industry in Utah. Three features of the. year, however, were most encouraging for the future of the industry. The Eureka Standard mine continued to be an important producer of gold from ore of smelting grade and surpassed all other mines in Utah in gold production at a time when the Utah Copper Co. was seriously curtailing its output. The high-grade gold ore. shipped in 1932 contained the telluride minerals hessite and petzite and gives Uic mine a unique place mincralogically coin pared with other active gold mines in Utah. While the Park Utah Consolidated , Co. property at Kcctley and Park City was virtually idle, the Park City Consolidated Mines Co. resumed operations in March after being idle since June 1, 1931. The company shipped about 21,000 tons of f ore containing more than 400,000 ounces of silver, which was sufficient to prevent Utah from losing its lead in silver. The third feature of tlio year was the continued operation and interesting development m the various properties of the United States Smelting, Refining Mining Co. at Lark and Bingham. Mine production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in Utah, 1938-32, in term* of recovered metals Year Oro. old tailings. (Jold Silver Copper Lend Zinc 1028........... 1020 1030.............. 1931.-.......... 1932 1........... Short torts 18.427,117 10. Ml .073 11.0-11,841 S. 954,017 3. 770,800 $4,391,001 4.000.015 4.300.148 4. 108,323 2. 797, 720 Fine ounces 17.072. 852 17.602.300 13.12U.42I 8, 290. m 6,939.645 Pounds 203, 235,030 3IK, 282, 523 180,526,423 151,230,505 65,113,000 Pounds 291,830,021 208, 764,420 230, 080. 780 158,423,453 123, 149. 500 Pounds 93, 857. 352 103,019. 485 88.900.938 74.581.072 59, 1.50. 000. 17B,2M,80l 06,086.801 48,653,461 28.070,074 H, 326, T 1 Subject lo revision. Gold.--The gold production decreased about 32 percent in 1932 due chiefly to curtailment in output of copper ore from Bingham an to the decrease in the output of gold from mines in the Tintic distric Tlio output of gold from mines in the Bingham district decrease more than 36,000 ounces compared with that of 1931; the output o gold from mines in the Tintic district decreased more than 27,0 . ounces; and there was also a decrease in the output of gold from min' in the Park City region. Unusually large decreases m the products, of gold were made by the Utah Copper, North Lily, Eureka Stands Chief Consolidated, and United States Smelting, Refining & Muun companies. A substantial increase in the output of gold was ma at the Yankee Mine in the American Fork district, Uta t t -u "TMencan Smelting & Refining Co. and from min Hill, Tooele County. Although the gold recovered in the past from place been relatively small, more gold was recovered in 193 operations m Grand, Garfield, and San Juan Counties years. Most of the gold produced in Utah, howeve from bullion after smelting copper and lead ore and c furnaces in the Salt Lake Valley or in Tooele County n An effort was made in 1932 to rejuvenate old lode go State, particularly in Park Valley district, Box Elde Mercur and Gold Hill, Tooele County; in the Fortuna d rrf1 andln ^10 Mountain district, Piute and S i l Tp- .g63^ Producers of gold were the Eureka Stan "he Tintic district, the Utah Copper, United States, properties in the Bingham district; the Yankee (Ame a Refining Co.) Mine in the American Fork distri L Delaware property in the Bingham district; and the M > in the Tintic district. (. ^1' production of silver in Utah has decrea t. in the last 3 years, and the value of the silver output d | $2,404,380 in 1931 to $1,956,952 in 1932. The averag | metal dropped slightly from 29 cents an ounce in 1931 |in 1932. |A;'Utah bns been tbe leading silver producer of the |-*}fc,e 1920, The State retained its position in 1932 EUightly ahead of Idaho. The increased output of silve King Coalition and Park City Consolidated compani RrP "cTMase ,neftrly 300,000 ounces in the output of s irark City region, hut tlio output of silver from the Increased more than 900,000 ounces, and the output fr |ham_ district decreased nearly 600,000 ounces. The Coalition mine at Park City was the largest produce Utah in 1932, followed closely by the Tintic Standar KHvidend in the Tintic district, which held first place in lurge silver producers were the United States, Niaga Ponsolidated, Eureka Standard, Utah Copper, and Bl RA,.Quartzite properties. wmCoj>ver.--Copper has decreased in Utah from more tha Dpund8 in 1929 to 65,113,000 pounds in 1932. The BgPPer output decreased from $13,762,622 in 1931 to ab m'1932; The output in 1932 was the smallest since Hrorage price of copper declined from 9.1 cents a pou fflicehts a pound in 1932. The decrease of 57 percen Wpper production of the State was due almost entire Bf,anient in the. output of copper ore by the Utah C gOgham. Following the Utah Copper Co., the leadin fflfers were the Silver King Coalition, United States, U JfltYankee properties. The lead output was valued at $3,694,485, a 51861,668 in 1931. The output in 1932 was the small Bute average sales price of lead declined from 3.7 cen HU,tto 3 cents a pound in 1932. A substantial increa Hforted from the Niagara property, controlled by the H' 183517-33------8 116 MINERALS YEARBOOK Smelting, Refining & Mining Co. at Bingham, and smaller increases were made at the TJnitod States and Lark properties of the same1 company. Unusually large decreases were reported at the Tintie Standard, Park Utah Consolidated, North Lily, Utah-Apex, Bullion Coalition (Combined Metals Reduction Co.), Chief Consolidated, Plutus, and Utah-Delaware properties. A decrease of nearly 19,000, 000 pounds was recorded in the Tintie district, more than 9,400,000 pounds in the Park City region, and more than 4,400,000 pounds in the Bingham district. The largest producers of lead in order of out* put were the United States, Silver Ring Coalition, lintic Standard, Bluestone Lime & Quartzite, and Niagara properties. Zinc.--The zinc, recovered entirely from milling lead-zinc ore, decreased from $2,834,081 in 1931 to about $1,774,500 in 1932. The average sales price of the various grades declined from 3.8 cents a pound in 1931 to 3 cents a pound in 1932, which resulted m a large decrease in the output of lead-zinc ore from mines at Bingham and Park City. The production of zinc in 1932 from the United States mine at Bingham, the largest producer of lead-zinc ore in the State, was much less than that in 1931, and there was also a large decrease in the production of zinc from the Park Utah Consolidated properties near Park City. The Silver King Coalition Mines Co. at Park City) which ranked second as a producer of lead-zinc ore in the State, in1, creased its production of zinc. Most of the zinc concentrate made from ore mined in Utah in 1932 was stock-piled to await a rise m the price of zinc. The largest zinc producers in Utah in 1932 were the United States, Silver King Coalition, and Niagara properties. i Review of districts and operations.--According to estimates made early in 1933 the mines of Utah produced 3,776,800 tons of ore and old tailings in 1932, a decrease from 8,954,617 tons in 1931, chiefly in copper ore. The Bingham district produced about 3,450,000 tod compared with 8,485,873 tons in 1931, and the metal output of the West Mountain or Bingham district was estimated at 70,49 ounces of gold, 1,909,800 ounces of silver, 62,526,000 pounds of copper 62,720,000 pounds of lead, and 43,740,000 pounds of zmc. The ou , put from Bingham, the most important district of Utah, represented marked decrease from 106,867.66 ounces of gold, 2,502,057 ounces o silver, 147,706,141 pounds of copper, 67,193,735 pounds of lead, an 53,215,489 pounds of zinc produced in 1931. According to the printed annual report of the Utah Copper Co. fo 1932, the total output for the year dropped to about 42 percent o that in 1931 and was about one third the average annual output fo the last 5 years. A total of 3,169,411 dry tons of ore containing 0.97 percent copper was mined and milled. The average recovery " copper in the mill concentrates was 93.15 percent. Mining cos were 45.78 cents a ton and milling costs 59.01 cents a ton. Th average cost per pound of net copper was 8.48 cents in 1932 compar with 6.99 cents in 1931. Concentrates shipped to the smelter co tained 57,477,385 gross pounds of copper and mme-water preci tates contained 4,484,298 pounds of copper. Metals sold during t year consisted of 55,991,783 pounds of copper, 25,398.63 ounces gold, and 222,417 ounces of silver which had a sales value of $3,489,57 The net cost of the metals sold was $4,595,590 and after miscellaneo income was added and depreciation and metal pnee adjustmen were deducted the net loss for the year to surplus account w $3,218,887. The company paid no dividends during 1932. ` GOLD, ETC., IN ARIZ., IDAHO, MONT., UT In the annual report of the United States . for 1932 the company states that nnc it produced came from the United States m was operated continuously during the year. T was. nonproductive during the year, but ac 0amed on at both properties, resulting in an ore reserves. tintie district produced ore and old tailings compared with 216,698 to plated production of the district was 50,000 ou ptinces. of silver, 980,000 pounds of copper, 18,4 Snd 115,000 pounds of zmc. The production Unces of gold, 3,286,748 ounces of silver, 1,568 00j863,599 pounds of lead, and 791,130 pounds ^ The annual report of the Tintie Standard Min e output from the Tintie Standard mine as 4 d 8,828 tons of siliceous ore which containe old, 1,843,612 ounces of silver, 361,561 po .8,163,057 pounds of lead. The net profit to su Pai<i was $253,666, and four quarterly 1230,663 Were paid in 1932. The Tintie Stand j PFc?nt of the issued stock of the Eure qated Mining Co. The Eureka Standard mine Of siliceous ore during 1932 containing 39,274.38 punces of silver, 345,083 pounds of copper, a 3ad. The ore had a gross sales value of $ larges were deducted the net profit for the yea pmpany paid four quarterly dividends in 1932 The important output in the section near E Mnmoth mine, which produced more than 1 -ing gold, silver, copper, and lead, but valuab reduction from the North Lily mine in 1932 w ^consisted of 832 tons of ore containing 28 silver, and 96,273 pounds of le Vhe Chief mine was also small comparod with pas f 1,361 tons or ore for which the net smelter he Brand Central mine, owned by the Chief 0., produced 5,948 tons of smelting ore in 1932 uFirui ' ^3,348 ounces of silver, ana 87,374 pou Mill ore and first-class ore produced by mi iTeo -i an,ou.n^e^ about 151,500 tons in 6,521 tons in 1931. The estimated output of t ces of gold, 2,430,000 ounces of silver, 980,0 |260,000 pounds of lead, and 15,300,000 poun .e Park City region produced 5,041.06 ounce 2Lsli!!.er' 818,545 pounds of copper, 34,73 d 18,871,329 pounds of zinc. uhe^ilver Kiag. Coalition Mines Co. was the Xk City region in 1932 and according to the JfDrLreport tons ore was mined and .fljoOo tons of lead concentrates and 13,574 tons of the lead concentrates were sold but 10,36 ittn were placed in storage. The company giv the concentrates and lease ore sold in 1932 ces of gold, 1,816,671 ounces of silver, 1,022, 118 MINERALS YEARBOOK 25,545,861 pounds of lead, and 4,002,672 pounds of zinc. The in come from the sale of ore and concentrates was $97o,081 and after other income was added and all charges wero deducted the net proht to surplus was $2,323. The company paid no dividends in 1961. WASHINGTON Due to the interest in gold mining and the operation of the mill at Metalino Falls the value of the gold, silver, copper, lead, and zmepro-i duced from mines in Washington in 1932 was approximately $297,o43 compared with $565,498 in 1931. Previous to 1931, when the Pend,; Oreille Mines & Metals Co. increased the output of lead and zinc in ; Washington, there was a gradual decrease in the value of the metal, output of the State, which was continued in 1932. Marked decreases, in the production of copper, lead, and zme m 1932 resulted from the continued drop in the sales prices of these metals, bufc *jhcre was a fair, increase in the gold output, amounting to about $37,000. The Pend Oreille Mines & Metals Co., an important producer ol, lead-zinc ore at Metaline Falls in 1931, operated its nulling plan^ and produced both lead and zinc concentrates during the first 4 months of 1932. The production of gold, chiefly from the Boundary lied. Mountain mine and the Azurite mine in Whatcom County and from various properties at Republic, Ferry County, was more than the, output of 1931 but less than the average annual output of the last decade. Mine, production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in Washington, 1928-82, ih terms of recovered metals 1923. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932 * Ore, old talllnus, etc. Gold Short tons 6-1. 554 03, 527 43.400 92. 049 42,200 $337.187 78,898 87, 748 60,035 97,168 Silver Fine ottnres 99, 738 47,182 32.810 22,410 17,500 Copper Pounds 1,177.246 l,400.489 1,200.438 202.503 5.000 Lend Pounds 1,084, 739 1,015,190 1,152, 586 2. 771.116 1.870.000 Zinc Pounds 85.318 2,117.344 703, 782 9. 947.495 4, 588,000 Total value $633,1 652. 348, 565,4' 297, Subject to revision. Gold.--Tlie production of gold increased nearly 62 percent m 193 and was larger than in any year since 1928. Dio Roundary lC Mountain mine south of Sardis, British Columbia, was the larges gold producer in the State in 1932; its output was more than doubl that in 1931. Mines in the Republic district, chiefly the Knob 11 Mountain Lion, Morning Glory, and Ben Hur, produced gold valu at more tlmn $46,000. The mines were operated by lessees wh shipped about 4,300 tons of siliceous gold_ ore to the ConsoUda Mining & Smelting Co. of Canada, Ltd., of Trail, British Columbi and to Tacoma, Wash. The Boundary Red Mountain mine , largest producer of gold in Washington in 1929 and 1930, wasactiV most of 1932, and its gold output was valued at about $29,500 co pared with $12,465 in 1931. . . w ,. -.-j ,,*- During the decade 1923 to 1932 mines m Washington produc. $2,137,468 in gold. More than 71 percent of this total was produc from siliceous gold ore from mines in the Republic d^fcric^ *"d. percent was produced from gold ore from the Boundary Red Mount mine in Whatcom County. GOLD, ETC., IN ARIZ., IDAHO, MONT., UTAH Jfr-~Pie,outPut.of sllver 1,1 tlie State dec 5"Vll% valuo decreased from $6,499 in 1931 to $4, than 68 porccnt of the silver produced in 1932 c gold ore mined at Republic; most of the remain le"d-z'nc mo mmod at Metaline Falls. In th in Washington have produced 1,154,500 ounces of percent of the total output was produced from gold republic, 2o percent from copper ore and concent Lhewelah and Index, and more than 21 percent fro from the Colville district. Silver was also produce dale and Palmer Mountain districts. ^ Copper.---The output of copper decreased deci the value decreased from $18,428 in 1931 to only a oxUI!SC 0ITr ^- near Index, the largest pro ie State since 1923, was idle throughout 1932, Wver-copper ore from Chewelah were suspended. Lead.--Lead decreased from a production valu .931 to an output valued at $52,917 in 1932, due Uantity of ore mined and in the price of the m roduccr of lead in Washington in both 1931 and reille property at Metaline halls, but the mill wa _ a result of the continued drop in the sales price ;veral cars of high-grade lead ore were shipped omt and Gladstone properties near Leadpoint, b 6 M?talme Falls, a large producer of lead-zin sn idle since January 1930. .During the decade 1923-32, 25,872,957 pounds Uced from mines in W ashmgton. More than half , PTM /hum lead ore from the Gladstone mine " ; Stevens County, and 28 percent was produ p Metaline district, Pend Oreille County, chiefly m the property of the Pend Oreille Mines & Met t 3 years. Considerable lead was also produced e( Colville, and Bossburg districts, all in Stevens .?Prod,Iction of zinc decreased abo antity m 1932, as the mill at the property of the P Metals Co. was idle 8 months in 1932. The va eased from $378,005 in 1931 to $142,228 in 1932 ce of mc decreased from 3.8 cents a pound to 3 ut 33,400 tons of ore containing lead and zinc w t dunng the first 4 months of the year; lead pped to the Blinker Hill smelter at Bradley, Ida ttates were shipped chiefly to the electrolytic pla % Co. at Silver King, Idaho. vunng the last decade a total of about 24,919,0 been recovered from ore mined in Washington tnt of the total production was recovered from Josephine mine of the Pend Oreille Mines . up 'Di i and, about 25 percent was recover the Black Rock mine near Northport. Most lack Rock mine was produced from 1922 to 19 , nc from the Josephine mine was produced i ally all the zme produced in 1928 was reco 6re from the Grandview property at Metaline ' VI GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, LEAD, AND Z NEVADA, AND OREGO By V. C. He ik e s CALIFORNIA ?(' RThe total production of gold, silver, coppe and lode mines in California in 1932, in ter .Was valued at $12,053,677, a decrease of appr 931. Gold was the only metal which show Representing nearly 98 percent of the total v for 1932. Silver decreased 44 percent in qu and copper 91 percent compared with 1931, w lie recovery of some zinc was reported in Continued low prices of the baso metals were roduction of silver, copper, and lead, but d the decrease in cost of its production res lies and labor helped to stimulate the mini liction in 1932 was the largest since 1926. The approximate value of the metals produ tal value of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zi oe 1848 to $2,144,957,862. J" `ine production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zin . terms of recovered metals Year Gold Silver Copper $10,785,310 8,528,703 0,461,162 10,814,162 11,774,077 Fine ounce* 1,478,771 1,170,806 1,622,803 807,818 486,000 Pound* 26,160,743 33,218,094 27, 286,272 12.931,995 1,136,000 bjeot to revision. fold.--California again maintained its le te with its lode and placer mines yieldin /'valued at $11,774,677, an increase of 9 hantity and $960,515 in value over 1931 ost of the gold in 1932 was produced fr 8, such as the Empire-North Star and Ida ty; the Original Sixteen to One and th ty; the Argonaut, Central Eureka, an '.tv; anti the Yellow Aster in Kern Coun Id from mines on the Mother Lode be * 122 MINERALS YEARBOOK Calaveras, Tuolumne, and Mariposa Counties was offset partly by increases in gold from pocket operations in the East belt mines in Tuolumne and Mariposa Counties. Three of the principal mines of the Mother Lode belt produced $235,266 less gold in 1932 than in 1931, but part of this decrease was offset by the gain of $110,833 in gold from six important lode mines in Nevada and Sierra Counties.. Thirty-two companies, each with an output of more than 1,000 ounces, produced about 83 percent of the total gold yield of the State 1932. The 10 largest lode and placer gold producers were the Empirt Star Mines Co., Ltd. (gold lode); Natomas Co. (6 dredges); Idah Maryland Mines Co. (gold lode); Yuba Consolidated Gold l'lelds in Yuba County (3 dredges); Capital Dredging Co. (3 dredges); Arg naut Mining Co. (gold lode); The Mountain Copper Co., Ltd (gol lode); Original Sixteen to One Mine, Inc. (gold lode); Kennedy Mini & Milling Co. (gold lode); and the Merced unit of the Yuba ConsoU dated Gold Fields (1 dredge). . Much gold has been recovered in the past from copper ores mined in the State, but in 1932 the outpu from this source was small. ,. As the gold-dredging fields of tho State become exhausted t production of gold from lode mining is steadily exceeding that fro the placers. According to a report of the California Debris Commi? sion for 1932, issued by the War Department, 44 hydraulic plac mines were granted permission to operate, and 1,062 applicatio for licenses were pending. Surveys have been mado in tho area und the jurisdiction of tho commission of those portions of the Yub Feather, Bear, and American Rivers containing great deposits mining debris. Hydraulic mining is opposed by the agncultur interests in the valley counties, and in some parts of northern C forma placer mining is restricted 3 months of the year. Since th beginning of dredging in the Orovillo district $174,520,417 in go has been produced, and of this output tho Feather River field i credited with $33,621,406, the Yuba River field witii $67,049,597, an the American River field with $44,793,178. Various cstimatesj the future lifo of the remaining dredging ground have been inad. but no definite figures arc available. Yuba County, formerly one^ the largest gold-dredging areas in the State, is now supplanted b Sacramento County, where the dredge gold output from the Foiso field has increased the last 2 years. Twenty-two dredges m Amado Butte, Calaveras, Merced, Sacramento, Shasta, Stanislaus, Trini and Yuba Counties produced 188,730 ounces of gold, valued ; $3,901,395, from 48,851,063 cubic yards of gravel, with an aver recovery of 8 cents a cubic yard in gold. In 1931 the dredge go production was $3,619,355 from 22 boats handling 44,423,652 cu yards of gravel. Another dredge was added to the I1 oIsom held\ the Gold Hill Dredging Co., which moved its 9-cubic-foot dredge fr^ Dayton, Nev., for operation on the American River. Tlio Cal- Dredging Co. completed its boat, which began digging early in 1933. gravel south of Yreka, Siskiyou Countv. The gold obtained f- drift placers in California is nominal, and the largest output from . method of mining in 1932 was from Calaveras County. The Oalav Central drift mine near Angels Camp was an important producer, late in 1932 the Tonopah Belmont Mining Co. took control of. Vallecito-Western drift mine near Angels Camp, a producer of g for several years. Production was continued by the new company GOLD, ETC., IN CALIFORNIA, NEVADA, A 'Small-scale gold mining.--Increasing interest . imng lured many people to the foothill countie Other gold regions in northern and southern icovered enough precious metal to pay their li experienced prospector also joined in exploring uartz veins and reopening old prospects an he results of the gold rush of 1932, in which the terminated in some places in about 90 days, ,, 'gh water or snow restricted work and hampere fldrtam regions, while in a few places the work ^tireyear. /The records of those who bought gold from the er, and layman in compliance with the Cali w, administered by the State mineralogist, wer iled with the following results, which are of intere , elihood from small-scale gold mining. Ninety-four bullion dealers in California, inc ants, and'private refiners, all licensed by the S aliforma to pnrcliaso gold in 1932, sold to tho d other refiners 23,870 fine ounces or $493,437 -tal compares with $162,000 in gold purchased 31. The reports of the bullion buyers in dividuals produced 30,880 lots of new gold con "gets, and amalgam with a range in value from $100. The average value of each lot sold was ount received by the prospectors for their labo tjjear was $41.12. She licensed bullion buyers located in 17 countie -rkmg m all known mineral areas of California Id and that of established mines was deposited nk which issued 19,265 deposit certificates, c 6d with 8,153 settlement certificates in 1931 osited was from California, with important lo Wine Islands, and Arizona. Other State evada, Oregon, Now Mexico, Montana, Utah amount of gold received at the o the Mint was 2 ounces, equivalent to about $40 ,iwas returned to the sender whose only reco d to a bullion dealer. r.-e nearest bullion dealer in California paid fu (prospectors have discovered the saving in e eges on each lot sold and the added advantage o or. merchandise. mador County bullion buyers at Plymouth a IBS fine ounces of gold valued at $6,519 for 58 *rige deposit was $9.73 or $11.24 for the season lated from the Consumnes River in Eldo `tics. Gold was also reported from Sutter, j^cott Creeks, and a little gold was recovere Butte County 6 bullion buyers bought 2,7 Valued at $57,060 from 2,052 individuals, aged $12.83 per deposit, or $27.81 for the recovered chiefly from placer gravel of th and Plumas Counties and in more than 50 124 MINERALS YEARBOOK Calaveras County bullion buyers at Angels Camp, Mountain Ranch, and Camanche handled 484.62 fine ounces or $10,018 in gold. There were 488 individuals who sold 610 lots of gold dust averaging $16.32 a deposit, or $20.53 for the season. Most of the gold was from the Mokelumne River in Amador and Calaveras Counties. Particular localities mentioned in the reports received from buyers were Rich, Hicks, Wet, and Adobe Gulches and the O'Neil, McKin ney, Murray, Jesus Maria, Alartins, and Cliile Creeks. Del Norte County gold producers sold most of the gold recovered from beach sands to private refiners of platinum metals. The gold produced in the interior districts was shipped to banks at Grants Pass, Oreg., and to the San Francisco Mint. The burlap table continued to be the popular method for recovering gold from beach sands in Del Norte County. . Eldorado County bullion dealers at Volcanoville, Placerville, Pilot Hill, and Georgetown purchased 648.76 fine ounces or $13,411 in gold, representing 1,059 lots of gold dust from 654 individuals. The average of each lot was $12.66, and $20.51 was the average result of a season's work for each person. Most of the gold was produced from the vicinity of Placerville, Webber Creek, and Big Canyon Creek. In Fresno and Madera Counties bullion dealers at Fresno, Friant, Orange Covo, Selma, and Coarsegold purchased 414.67 fine ounces or $8,572 in gold, representing 833 lots from 634 individuals. The average lot amounted to $10.29, and the result of the season's work amounted to $13.52 for each individual. Most of the gold was from the abandoned gravel pits near Friant. Many white families and a few Indians were camped near the gravel pits and along the San Joaquin River during the year and made a scanty living from their i labors. In the vicinity of Coarsegold most of the gold was from Dead- wood, Cabin, Coarsegold Gulch, and the Fresno River. \ Humboldt County prospectors sold small lots of gold to a bank at Eureka and shipped bullion direct to the San Francisco Mint. Gold was produced from the beach sands at Gold Bluff and from the bench gravel on the Klamath and Salmon Rivers, most of it originating near Orleans, and sold to a buyer at that point. _; Kern and San Bernardino County dealers in gold dust at Cantil, Bakersfield, and Hobo Hot Springs and various Los Angeles refiners of; gold bullion handled gold produced by about 200 individuals, whose total output for the season could not be learned, but judging from gold ; sold at Cantil the average for tho season was about $20. Most of the gold came from the vicinity of Randsburg, Goler, Oro Fino,! Summit Diggings, Black Mountain, and Boulder Gulch. Other localities in San Bernardino and Kern Counties mentioned frequently were Atolia, Panamint, Lytle Creek, and the Goldstone district. Mariposa County bullion dealers at Mariposa, Bagby, Hornitos,' Coulterville handled 265 small lots of gold for 209 individuals, whose, combined output amounted to 160.84 fine ounces, or $3,325 in gold,1 An average of $12.55 in gold was sold, and the prospector received' $15.91 for the season. Most of the gold was from Saxon, Agua Fria,i Mariposa, Chispia, Sherlock, and Solomon Creeks; Australian Gulch and Merced River also furnished some gold. In Nevada County 8 bullion buyers at Nevada City, French; Corral, North San Juan, and Bridgeport purchased 3,636.72 fine- ounces of gold valued at $75,178 from 1,346 individuals whose gold' GOLD, ETC., IN CALIFORNIA, NEVADA lots averaged $27.00 a lot, or $55.86 for the se was reported from placers on Doer Creek and came from small lots of crushed quartz origin in the Grass Valley region. Placer County bullion buyers at Auburn, Colfax, Foresthill, Gold Run, and Sheridan ounces or $47,084 in gold from 1,293 individ dust averaged $15.08 a lot, or $36.41 for th Most of the gold was from the North, South, a American River and Buckeye, Blue Canyo The localities frequently mentioned were Ste Baltimore, Shirt Tail Canyon, Georgia Hill, a Plumas County bullion buyers representin at Quincy, La Porte, Belden, Virgilia, Kedd purchased 1,800.04 fine ounces of gold valued mdividuals whose work for the season totaled of $12.60. for each lot of gold sold. Most Spanish, Nelson, Squirrel, Rush, Black Ha Frequent mention was made of the Middle a Feather'River and streams and tributaries Counties in the vicinity of La Porte. In Sacramento County three bullion dealers 653.41 fine ounces of gold, chiefly from the f Placer, and Eldorado Counties. A total of 6 $I4.69in gold for each lot sold and $16.92 for Siskiyou County was the most favorable of for the small prospector who averaged $57.4 season. From records of 10 bullion buyers a Camp, Sawyers Bar, Forks of Salmon, and viduals sold 4,308.49 fine ounces of gold or $8 per lot. The placers of the Salmon River an the North Central region wore most frequen seekers. Shasta County prospectors sold most of the menfc in Redding, winch handled some gold counties. Altogether, 3,271 small lots of g retorted material ranging from 9 cents to abo from 1,258 individuals, whose average gold whose average for the season or year amount the gold was from French Gulch, Whiskeyto eye, Clear Creek, Squaw Creek, Beegum Cottonwood Creek, and the Sacramento Rive r In Trinity County producers of gold sold buyers at Denny, Lewiston, Hayfork, and W ding hi Shasta County 1,609 lots of gold avera 628 individuals whose work for the season a of the gold was from the Trinity River and its `` In Tuolumne County 1,046 individuals sold at Sonora and Jamestown 1,152.15 fine oun $23,817, or an average of $22.77 for the seas was recovered from placers, but some came f in the East Belt region and on the Mother L was reported from various creeks (Turnback, Mormon, and Eagle) and from the Stanislaus a 126 MINERALS YEARBOOK Yuba County, with five bullion buyers at Marysville, Smartsville, and Strawberry, handled gold from various points in Yuba, Sierra, and Plumas Counties amounting to 1,068.44 fine ounces, valued at $22,087. This represents the output of 711 individuals, who averaged $25.27 a lot or $31.06 for the season. Gold was recovered from beach sands near Santa Cruz and Monterey. Several districts, formerly old producers in San Diego and Im perial Counties, and all the old diggings, worked before the 49 discovery, in Los Angeles County were again productive, especially near Saugus and Azusa and in the San Gabriel and San I rancisquito Canyons. ^ . . ,1 Silver.--The production of silvor m California is largely a by product of gold mining, although silver ores and lead-silver ores have been mined for silver alone in Inyo, Mono, Napa, and San Bernardino Counties. The output of silver in 1932 was approximately 486,000 fine ounces valued at $137,052. The average price was 28.2 cents a fine ounce compared with 29 cents in 1931. San Bernardino County had the largest yield of silver, duo to operations at the Kelly Rand silver property, discovered in 1918 and a large producer during sue-, ceeding years. The county was the only one with an output of over, 100,000 ounces in 1932. Nevada County, second in output, denveSj its silver from gold-bearing ores mined in the Grass Valley-Nevad^ City district. . In Inyo County, the Estelle and Cerro Gordo properties, operatei as one unit by the American Smelting & Refining Co., have long beei important silver-lead producers, and in 1932 theso properties and * Santa Rosa property in the same region contributed largely to silver output of the State. Duo to the low prices of silver and lea< shipments of small lots of lead-silver ore from mines in Inyo and Ss Bernardino Counties decreased. The yield of silver in Plumi County was chiefly from copper ore, but due to curtailed minu operations the output fell below 50,000 ounces in 1932. Silver oi from the Comanche group in the Blind Springs Hill district, Moni County, was shipped to a smelter in Utah. I he Treadwell Yukoi Co. did much exploratory work in the Bodie district for about 2 yeai but withdrew from the field late in 1931, and the district, except fofl leasing operations, was practically dormant. Nevada and Inyo wi the only counties with a yield of silver between 50,000 and 100,Oi ounces; Plumas was tho only county with a yield between 20,01 and 50,000 ounces. Pour counties, Mono, Shasta, Amador, anj Kern, named in order of production, produced between 10,000 ani 20,000 ounces, and the other producing counties fell below 5,(F ounces each. . .. Copper.--The production of copper in California in 1932 was proximately 1,360,000 pounds, valued at $71,568. This is a decide decrease in both quantity and value compared with 1931, when 12 931,995 pounds, valued at $1,176,812, was recorded. The averaf price of copper in 1932 was 6.3 cents a pound compared with 9.1 cen in 1931 and 17.6 cents in 1929 when the production was 33,218,9! pounds. Although Plumas, Shasta, Trinity, and Calaveras Countlf have been large producers of copper only one mine in Plumas Count! that of the Walker Mining Co., continued production in 19^ The company, however, closed its mine and mill the end of Februa retaining a small force to make repairs and improvements. Accord GOLD, ETC., IN CALIFORNIA, NEV to the printed annual report of the comp broken, and 35,866 tons were produced. 34,741 tons, yielding 1,770.84 tons of co produced 60 tons of copper precipitates a copper. The company sold 2,114 tons 1,543.70 ounces of gold, 28,674 ounces of of copper. In Shasta County, the Moun 1 recognized as a copper producer, discont 1931 and turned to gold mining. The [ activity to mining gold-bearing gossan l dePsR and treating it in a 500-ton cyan 'n of0**' m^ne Prduction of lead f f,346,000 pounds (partly estimated) valu / L411,2,56 pounds in quantity and $68,6 | ,1931. The average price of the metal in I'.compared with 3.7 cents in 1931. Lead UnyoandSan Bernardino Counties, and th I the Estelle and Cerro Gordo and the San I Gordo district of Inyo County. The Am I Co. took over the Estelle and Cerro Go |since been operating them as one unit, sh IjSmelter on San Francisco Bay where mos feare treated. Some ore from eastern San Kfroin the Panamint, Shadow, and Provid gSJtah smelters and to the Selby smelter. Review of mines and, mills.--New co gplants in California in 1932 included the Plants by replacing gravity concentration Installations replacing vanner and table c Amador County at trie Kennedy mill ne mental flotation plant was constructed at Plymouth. In Nevada County the Ida Operated its two amalgamation-flotation dotation cells were added to the Golden Ce lame county are four other miljs, the Mu Spanish, which used the flotation proces "dorado County a new departure from As made at the Beebe mine near George ,th steel-shod wheels 24 feet in diame >eebe ore is an altered silicified schist ave unng a test of the Hadsell mill lasting se 8 tons of ore a day was crushed at a lo uct of which 2 percent was plus 60 m mesh. The mill is designed to separa cover the gold from the sands by cyanid 'a 6-cell Kraut machine, and the flotatio tenuously with the sands for cyanidation. ild was shipped to the San Francisco ; Garden Valley a 100-ton flotation p .. p amalgamation mill in December. i^ation process proved successful at the ipeprarlch, where the ore was crushed ihers and to 80 mesh through 10 stam mt with a Dorr classifier. The flotati lUstom cyanidation plant. 128 MINERALS YEARBOOK The deepest producing properties in California are the Argonaut and Kennedy mines in Amador County, each with workings at a vertical depth of over 5,000 feet. Nevada County mines, chiefly in the Grass Valley-Nevada City region, are developed to a vertical depth of over 4,000 feet; some of the richest ore is mined in the upper levels at a depth of about 2,000 feet. The five leading mines produced more gold in the last 2 years than any district in California. In 1932 the output was $3,395,000 in gold compared with $3,191,820 in 1931. The Empire Star Mines Co., Ltd., at the end of the yenr lmd put the Murchie mine on a profit-earning basis after an expenditure of about $500,000. The flotation mill and mine equipment were materially improved; the shaft was also reconditioned and sunk an. additional 300 feet. Operating costs were lower for the Murchie than for any mine in the Grass Valley-Nevada City district. According to tho annual report of the Empire Star Mines Co., Ltd., for the calendar year 1932, the North Star and Pennsylvania proper ties were practically without pay ore by midsummer, but by making a 10 percent cut in all wages and salaries paid by the company and with the reduced cost of powder all mines continued in operation although the North Star mine remained unprofitable. During 1932 under ground development totaled 22,757 feet and diamond drilling 1,787 feet. The company mined 207,322 tons of ore, including lease ore, compared with 267,500 tons in 1931. The mills reduced 228,156 tons of ore with a 95.96 percent extraction compared with 214,534 tons milled and an extraction of 95.90 percent in 1931. The average gold recovery per ton of ore was $8,789 compared with $9,435 in 1931 and $9,442 m 1930. This drop in mill heads was slightly compensated by a further drop in total costs to $6.92 a ton compared with $7.08 in 1931. The Idaho Maryland mine according to the annual report of its holding company, the Idaho Maryland Consolidated Mines, Inc., produced 58,245 tons of ore in 1932. Of this qunntity 36,805 tons were treated in the Brunswick flotation plant and 21,440 tons in the Idaho Maryland amalgamation-flotation mill. The total gold and silver recovered from ore milled amounted to $979,420, an average of $16.82 a ton compared with $13.84 in 1931. The average loss in the tailings at both plants was $1.14 a ton compared with $2.13 in 1931. With bullion and smelter charges deducted the net value of the year's output was $954,712. Total expenditures amounted to $485,936.94, including compensation insurance, local and State taxes, mine develop ment, metallurgical experiments, and alterations but without interest or smelter charges. The total cost was $8.34 a ton of ore milled. The Hoge Development Co. continued development work in 1932 by adding 1,000 feet of drifts and 1,500 feet of raises to its property. About 6,000 tons of ore were treated at the Murchie- mill of the Empire Star Mines Co., Ltd., and a similar quantity was treated at the Hoge flotation plant after its completion in September. The property of the Golden Center Mines Co. is opened by a 1,300-foot inclined shaft and 10,472 feet of drifts. The gold associated with sulphide minerals carrying silver, copper, and lead was recovered in a 20-stamp amalgamation gravity concentration mill until September when flotation cells replaced table concentration. Gold bullion was shipped to the Son Francisco Mint and lead concentrate to the Selby Smelter and to a metallurgical plant in South San Francisco. GOLD, ETC., IN CALIFORNIA, NEVA NEVADA The value of the mine production of gold zinc in Nevada, in terms of recovered $11,673,787 in 1931 to about $5,135,792 i the 1931 production there were decreases in all metals, substantial ones being recorded i copper, lead, and zinc. Silver decreased 46 and value compared with 1931. Mine -production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and terms of recovered meta Year Gold Silver Copper 1828................................................. 1928.................................................. 1930................................................. 1931..............*.................................. 1932....... ....................................... $3, 620.833 3.384,211 3.081,436 2.941,473 2,006.007 Fine ounces Pounds 6.481.674 168,876.88 4,923,626 140,138.80 4,219,832 109,203.61 2. 662,071 72,634.49 1.300.100 31,473,00 * Subject to revision. Gold.--The gold from mines in Nevada d in 1931 to about $2,695,607 in 1932. The in 1932 recalls the period from 1892 to 1895 below $2,000,000 a year, reaching the lowes duction of $985,700. Mine production wa gold discoveries at Delamar, which again important gold-producing district. Gold cent of the total gross value of metals prod Five companies, each producing between 1 yielded 52 percent of the State total; thes with 6 other companies, each producing b ounces, yielded over 71 percent of the tota Due to the decrease in mining activity in yield of gold did not increase as it did in s States. In the Robinson district, White P erable gold has been recovered heretofore f ores, a substantial decrease was recorded; b Esmeralda County, the output of gold exc mines of the Tonopah district produced a gold as in 1931. The leading gold-produc m 1932 were the Elkoro Mines Co. at Jarb at Goldfield; the Nevada Consolidated Co Gold Hill Development Co. and the Neva Inc., both at Round Mountain. A record of the exact number of people p placer gold during 1932 is not available, bu State Bureau of Mines estimate that 600 to placer areas. The gold produced in reg tricts increased over that of the previous ye produced by small-scale mines was not de placer ai%as producing in 1932, named in Round Mountain, Battle Mountain, Manh 130 MINERALS YEARBOOK Silver.--The silver production from mines in Nevada decreased from 2,562,071 fine ounces in 1931 to about 1,390,100 ounces in 1932 , and the value from $743,001 to about $392,008. The Tonopah dis trict produced about 591,300 ounces, a decrease of 232,572 ounces compared with 1931. Lessees continued to work in the properties of the Tonopah Mining, Tonopah Belmont, and Tonopah Extension mines and cleaned up ore and material in the mines and milling plants of these companies. The Desert cyanidation custom plant of the Tonopah Mining Co. at Millers closed in May after 25 years of operation, and dismantling of the mill was well under way in October. Other important silver producers were the Nevada Consolidated Copper Co. at Ely, the Gold Hill Development Co. at Round Moun tain, and the Ely Revenue at Ely. Any revival in the price of silver will benefit mining as it is a by product in almost all of the copper, lead, and zinc ores mined in Nevada. The ores of the Tonopah, Tybo, Piocho, Cortez, Comstock, Roch ester, Eureka, and 60 or more other districts past producers of silver promise much activity, but at present no large-scale silver mines arc operating. The principal mines in many districts are ready to resume operations whenever it becomes possible to do so, but the continued low prices of silver and the possible disruption of railroad service may cause a long shut-down. The mines are fully equipped with modem operating facilities including reduction plants. Copper.--In 1932 the mine production of copper in Nevada was 31,473,600 pounds, a decrease of 41,160,897 pounds or 57 percent from 1931. The total value decreased 70 percent or $4,626,902. Con centrates yielded most of the copper in 1932, as the low price of the metal cut down shipments of crude ore. Most of the copper was produced in the Robinson district, White Pine County, by the Ne vada Consolidated Copper Co. and the Consolidated Coppermines Corporation, both companies suffering heavy losses. The operations of both mines and reduction works were on a part-time basis. Some blister copper was shipped to Italy during the year. Lead and zinc.--The lead output from mines in Nevada decreased from 15,860,634 pounds in 1931 to about 1,195,200 pounds in 1932, and the value decreased from $586,843 to about $35,856. The largest producer was the Combined Metals Reduction Co., in Lincoln County. Zinc-lead ore was shipped from the Yellow Pine district in Clark County to eastern oxide plants. Nevada's zinc output in 1932 was estimated at 982,800 pounds valued at $29,484 compared with 20,861,348 pounds valued at $792,731 in 1931. Review oj mines and mills.--Production in Churchill County in 1932 was confined to a mill clean-up and to small lots of gold ore mined in the Fireball district and! treated by amalgamation at Olinghouse. Gold-silver ore was shipped to a smelter from the Fairview district. In Clark County the Crescent, Eldorado Canyon, and Searchlight districts produced gold chiefly from the Eldorado-Rand, Quartette, and Duplex mines. Oxidized zinc-lead ore from the Yellow Pine district, aggregating 600 tons, was reduced at the Ozark works in Kansas. The ore was principally from the Yellow Pine, Bullion, and Anchor mines. A new discovery of gold was made in the Chiquita claim adjoining the Keystone, a former gold-producing mine, and gold bullion was shipped to the San Francisco Mint. GOLD, ETC., IN CALIFORNIA, NEVADA 1 The production of molybdate of lead a attracted attention to the Shenandoah pro Some molybdate of lead was forwarded to the foreign market, and arrangements were m Kingman, Ariz., for future treatment. 1 ETko County mines produced gold, silver, an Jarbidge and Gold Circle were the two large gold. The Elkoro Mines Co. at Jarbidge, accord of its holding company for 1932, had exhaust property in September. The mine and 100 nave produced about 20,000 ounces of gol In 1932, the company treated 40,517 tons of o profit of $138,878. ... At Midas in the Gold Circle district lesse and Elko Princo holdings of the Gold Circle Buena Gold Mines Co. made important shipm bullion recovered by amalgamation and cyan ore was also shipped to smelters in Utah. The outstanding development in Elko Coun large deposit of copper ore in the Rio Tinto City. The first car of ore shipped to a s 47 percent of copper, a little silver, and a trac ' Esmeralda County produced chiefly gold an at Goldfield, Gold Mountain, Silver Peak, G part of the Tonopah district. The mineral mentioned under Nye County. Goldfield district production in 1932 was c Consolidated mine and the property of the Go each worked by lessees who shipped ore to th shaw, Inc., continued to treat the old Goldfie dation and handled 281,000 tons of tailing du output amounted to $360,951 in gold, 9,257 ou pounds of copper. ' At Silver Peak various leasing interests of th Mammoth companies and the Calumet Gol about 1,800 tons of ore from the Mary mine in the Black Mammoth and Liberty Divide o tion-flotation mills and the old Mary mine cyanidation plant. The total output of th approximately $91,000 in gold, and some silv ore, bullion, and concentrate. Production in Eureka County was confine 'district, from which lessees shipped lead ore mi Eureka property and the Bear, Cyanide, . groups to Utah smelters. The Buckhorn produced and shipped gold and silver ore to district about 50 men worked placers, and on found good pay gravel after removing consid In Humboldt County the production cons from Buckskin mine in the National distri mines near Ten Mile, Daveytown, and Parad 132 MINERALS YEARBOOK produced milling ore yielding a little gold bullion. Some placer gold was reported from the Sawtooth ana Leonard Creek districts. Lander County mines were important producers of copper until 2 years ago. Now copper ore is held in reserve for better prices, and gold ore discovered by lessees of the Copper Canyon Mining Co. near Battle Mountain has been worked since 1931. The output of over $100,000 in gold from the lode and placer properties in the county was greatly in excess of that in 1931. Production in Lincoln County in 1932 was greatly reduced due to the restricted operation of copper and lead-zinc mines. In the Pioche district tne Combined Metals Reduction Co. produced from its no. 2 or Caselton shaft silver-lead ore containing a little copper and zinc, which was shipped to a smelter in Utah. A little lead-zinc ore of milling grade from the no. 1 shaft of the company was shipped to its flotation mill at Stockton, Utah, for treatment when metal prices recover. At Delamar in the Forguson district new discoveries of gold ore were made in the Magnolia and April Fool mines. The gold output of the county was chiefly from Delamar and amounted: to $47,.100 in gold compared with $18,783 in 1931. In Lyon and Storey Counties at Silver City and in the Comstock district mining was active but was done principally by lessees on various properties. Engineers investigating some of the old mines carried on extensive examinations. The output of the region was chiefly gold and silver, and in 1932 approximately $75,000 in gold and 140,000 ounces of silver were reported compared with $115,000 in gold and 27,000 ounces of silver in 1931. The Donovan custom mill operated its amalgamation and cyanide units to full capacity, treating chiefly ore from Silver Hill mine where 20 sets of lessees worked during most of 1932. At the Overland mine and 10-stamp mill, owned by the Comstock Silver Mining Co., some gold-silver bullion was produced by lessees. At the close of 1932 a new flotation mill of 150 tons capacity was nearing completion at the portal of the Hale and Norcross tunnel for the Arizona Comstock Corporation. This flotation mill was designed to mill ores from the Chollar-Potosi, Hale and Norcross, and Savage mines. Several shipments of gold ore were made from the Milwaukee mine, and many small lots of ore from other mining claims in the region were treated by the miners at the Trimble amalgamation plant. A shaft was sunk on the Woodville-Justico property, and the Teddy O'Neal mine near the Milwaukee mine was operated by lessees. The McTigue amalgamation plant at Silver City was overhauled and. completely equipped for treating ores by flotation. Most of the lessee ore produced from the Santiago and Haywood group was treated in the Trimble mill. In the Palmyra district the Stone Ctfbin Consoli dated near Como started operation of its flotation mill built originally . to treat ore from the Pony Meadow property, ; In Mineral County most of the ore in 1932 was mined in the. vicinity of Mina in the Gold Range, Omco, Summit Springs, and Pilot: Range districts. The Sunnyside mines in the Silver Star district and the Olympic lease were the most important producers of gold, The Simon Silver-lead Mines property at Simon was idle. _ Nye County produced more gold in 1932 than any other county in Nevada. Gold amounted to about $728,000 and silver to about GOLD, ETC., IN CALIFORNIA, NEVADA, 500,000 ounces compared with $682,246 in gold 'of silver in 1931. Mines in the Tonopah, M Mountain districts were operated by lessees district the White Caps Gold Mining Co. was of ore, and lessees shipped about 5,000 tons of Utah. Ore from the Nevada Coalition Gold and various other lode claims worked by less War Eagle stamp-amalgamation mill. The pl larger than in 1931. At Tybo no new ore was pr to the annual -report of the Treadwell Yukon C of zinc concentrate were in storage at the end centrate assayed 0.037 ounce of gold, 12.75 percent of lead, and 49.23 percent of zinc to th discontinued development at Tybo and other on October 1. 1'At Round Mountain, lode mines and place silver valued at $518,386 in 1932 compared wit $203,159.in 1930. The Gold Ilill Developmen annual report for 1932, opened up its prope 3,503 feet, part of which was on the deepest leve progress in sinking or crosscutting to the Gold to a halt at a depth of 645 feet owing to an e yUl available commercial oro, except portions o practically exhausted at the end of the yea requiring additional pumping facilities the c discontinuance of operations in the mine and butput of the Gold Hill mine for 1932 was 38,05 Was milled in the company cyanidation plan ounce of gold and 1.91 ounces of silver, valued recovered bullion contained 11,755.02 ounce ounces of silver, representing 91.59 percent of t percent of the silver. The average cost of m and that of mining $3.94 a ton, which includes a ton and a development cost of $0,787 a ton. During repairs to its Sunnyside stamp-a Nevada Porpl^ry Gold Mines, Inc., at Round .operations, but its placers wero worked con placer mining was piped 9 miles from the Toya Was recovered by amalgamation from ore of th the owner of which operated a small tube m development work was done in the mine. In Pershing County most of the mine pro /Seven Troughs and adjoining districts. The and large cyanidation plant remained closed. reported from small dry-washing operations in near Imlay. Placer ground also was worked in districts but with indifferent success. In Washoe County the White Horse distri ducer of gold from the operations of many various properties of the district, chiefly the ore was treated in the Springfield amalgamati In White Pine County the value and quant i tion of metals was substantially less than in 1 exceeded that of any other county in Nevada. 134 MINERALS YEARBOOK county in 1932 produced 1,375,100 tons of ore and tailings from which were recovered $339,847 in gold, 104,400 ounces of silver, 30,864,500 pounds of copper, and 2,000 pounds of lead. This compares with $778,464 in gold, 184,842 ounces of silver, 71,350,587 pounds of copper, and 77,874 pounds of lead produced in 1931. The placer production, chiefly from Osceola, was valued at $3,543 in 1931 and $10,467 in 1932. The Nevada Consolidated mill and smelter near McGill treated all the ore of milling and smelting grade produced from mines in White Pine County. In the Cherry Creek district a continued demand for convertor lining material caused increased shipments of low-grade siliceous ore and tailings. Most of the material was from the Nevada Standard property. OREGON The total value of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc from lode and placer mines in Oregon in 1932, in terms of recovered metals, was approximately $439,295 compared with $319,703 in 1931, an increase of about $119,592. Gold was tho chief metal produced, with an out put of approximately 21,000 ounces valued at $434,109 compared with 15,350 ounces valued at $317,315 in 1931. The silver yield was incidental to the production of gold and increased from 7,254 ounces valued at $2,104 in 1931 to about 9,000 ounces valued at $2,538 in 1932. The production of copper increased from 1,700 pounds valued at $155 in 1931 to approximately 32,500 pounds valued at $2,048 in 1932. Lead increased from 3,497 pounds valued at $129 in 1931 to about 8,000 pounds valued at $240 in 1932. The recovered zinc was entirely from the experimental treatment of ores and amounted to about 12,000 pounds valued at $360. Mine production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc, in Oregon, 1928-82, in terms of recovered metals Year Gold Silvor Copper Lend Zinc Total value 1928............. ............................................ 10321...................................................................... $225,008 353.323 207, 702 317,315 431, 100 Fine ounces 30.924 30,000 0,000 7. 254 0.000 Pounds 368,403 655, 746 170,300 1,700 32,500 Pounds 13, 240 20,180 9,113 3,407 8,000 Pounds 12,528 12,000 $290, 440 486,000 325.143 310,703 430,205 1 Subject to revision. Gold mining was confined principally to the placers, although a few lode mines in the State were productive. The .three dredges operating in Baker, Grant, and Jackson Counties produced slightly more than 36 percent of the total gold, their combined output increas ing about $20,000 over that of the preceding year. Shortage of water prevented continuous operation of the dredge in Jackson County. Gold produced from placers and lode mines in eastern Oregon was ha ndled chiefly by banks in Baker and Grant Counties. About $58,000 in gold was shipped to the offices of the Bureau of the Mint at Boise and San Francisco and to private refiners. Most of the gold of the small producers was purchased by mine operators or merchants. Small placers throughout the State were active, and their production GOLD, ETC., IN CALIFORNIA, NEVADA, A contributed substantially to the gold output i Oregon the Empire dredge in Grant County w producer, followed by the Superior dredge in Bake on Salmon Creek above the old Nelson mine nor operated with a power shovel. Pino Creek gra Hereford have produced gold for 34 years, but available for large-scale mining. At the Yellow the mouth of Pine Creek gravel was handled with hauled a quarter of a mile in trucks to water River. At Harper's placer, 3 miles from the mo power shovel handled about 300 yards of mate the gold was very coarse, and one nugget foun weighed 12 ounces. The Elliott drift placer in developed and worked when water was available power shovel worked to bedrock and obtained miles west of Baker in Washington Gulch water w short season to permit the operation of hydraulic sunjc 50 feet to tho original bedrock. Two h operated in Rye Valley on the Silbaugh property hydraulic giants washed gravel on the Mary Canyon City; at Vinegar, Olive, and Vincent Cree ville district. The Macy and Virginia 10-stamp mills were Cornucopia mill near the portal of the Union-C rebuilt. New mills were added to the Evans m the Pedro Mountain mine 13 miles west of Durke property in the Rye Valley region. A small m Crystal Palace mine in the Sparta district. Som was added to the plant on the Bull Run mine, employed in developing the Record lode mine At the Sanger mine some specimen quartz of during development. Men working on Elkhorn west of Baker, on the Hurdy Gurdy and Denn duced rich gold quartz in hand mortars; tho shipped. Tho Imperial mino in tho Cable Cove with a crew of 14 to 18 men, and some high-grad At the Columbia and Taber Fraction properties retimbered and 3 car lots of ore shipped to Tacom Mining Co. or Vindicator property on the Bake near Medical Springs was under new manageme sunk 100 feet to the 350 level. Development property was continued, and some gold ore w Banzette property. In Grant County the Rabbit mine and 5-stam continuously, and the shaft was deepened. A little ore was treated by flotation, and concent silver, and lead was shipped with small lots of cru Hill smelter in Idaho. In Malheur County th , claim was under development. A 200-foot sh Sunday Hill mine, and a little gold ore was mille In western Oregon the principal banks at G and Ashland handled $128,349 in new gold (inclu five merchants), of which most was m small cents to several dollars. This new gold was p 136 MINERALS YEARBOOK individuals representing prospectors and small working parties who averaged $126.32 in gold during the year or season, chiefly from placer ground in Josephine and Jackson Counties. Most of the gold was reported from Evans, Foots, and Sterling Creeks in Jackson County and Grave and Althouse Creeks in Josephine County. Gold pro ducers in Coos, Curry, Douglas, and Linn Counties also sold gold in Grants Pass. ' Next to dredging, hydraulic gravol mining had special interest. The Flynn placer mine on the Illinois River, 3 miles from Takilma, the Plataunca hydraulic property in Fry Gulch, and the Llano de Oro hydraulic placer near Waldo were all producers. In the Althouse Creek region many small-scale producers of gold added to the regular output of the Ramsey claims, 12 miles from Holland. The Tigertown hydraulic mine was worked on a small scale, and the John Apple hydraulic mine, 7 miles south of Holland, produced gold. Placers on Sucker Creek were active; the Barnett was hydraulicked to full capacity. Small-scale placer mining progressed on California Bar, and some gold was sold to the local storekeepers. Hydraulic placers were worked on Jump-Off Joe Creek and tributaries. The chief gold producers were the Weymouth and placers on Jack's, Briggs, Hogum, Starveout, and Silver Creeks. A power shovel and trucks to transport gravel to a washing plant were placed on Louse Creek at the Lindar gravel property. Sardine Creek had the largest mechani cal placer outfit in southern Oregon, a lh-yard power shovel handling 100 yards of gravel hourly. On the banks of the Rogue River in Josephine and Jackson Counties small groups were at work. Drift pincers were worked in 12 places within the city limits of Jacksonville, by shafts 12 feetin gravel to bedrock, and very fewlarge wash boulders were encountered. Some beach mining was carried on in Coos and Curry Counties, and the Mule Mountain district in Curry County was actively prospected. Lode mining was productive in few instances in southwestern Oregon, but plans for financing several mines were under way. A Straub mill was installed on the Brady mine at Whiskey Creek, and the Mead property on Jones Creek was opened with a crosscut drift. A new mill was ready to operate in December on ore from the Towne mine at Jacksonville, and the Opp mine enlarged its reserve of milling ore. A 20-ton mill was constructed at the Sunbeam mine, 15 miles south of Grants Pass. At the head of Louse Creek gold ore averaging $75 a ton was developed in the Granite Hill mine. The Humdinger mine, actively developed in 1931, was turned back to the owner, and no production was reported for 1932. In Jackson County the Ash land mine was developed, and some bullion was sold to the San Francisco Mint. Bullion was shipped from the American Boy mine southwest of Medford. The Chieftain and Continental lode mines in Douglas County and the quartz property of the Bartels Mining Co. in Lane County were producers of gold. Considerable development work was done, at the Continental, and at the Chieftain the 15-ton floatation mill was operated. In Marion County the. Amalgamated Mining Corporation operated a mill and shipped lead-zinc concentrate to Midvale, Utah. GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, LEAD, AND Z NEW MEXICO, TEXAS, SOUTH DAKOT By Ch a s . W. He n d e r s o n COLORADO . In 1932 the output of gold, silver, copper, le rado ores and gravels, in terms of recovered an metal, was 314,117 ounces of gold, 1,703,378 o pounds of copper, 4,116,800 pounds of lead, zinc. Gomparcd with 1931 gold increased $1, 492,536 ounces, copper decreased 1,000,000 9,651,200 pounds, and zinc decreased 32 approximate gross value of the output of me was as follows: Gold $6,493,377, silver $48 lead $123,504, and zinc $6,540, a total of $7 $7,942,154 in 1931. Mine production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zi terms of recovered metals Year Silver (todo Oold (lode and placer) Flue ounces 1028......................................................................... $5.304,870 1929......................................................................... 4,417,358 1930......................................................................... 4,617,610 1931......................................................................... 4, 822,734 1932*....................................................................... 0, 493,377 4,052, 253 4,307.377 4,382,852 2.195, 914 1, 703,378 Year Lead rounds Value 1928......................................................................... 1929......................................................................... 1930......................................................................... 1931......................................................................... 1932....................................................................... 53, 501,723 48,889,900 44. 260.000 13,708,000 4,110,800 83.103, 100 3,080,064 2, 213,000 609,416 123, 504 i Subject to revision. The value of metal production herein rep Mexico, Texas, South Dakota, and Wyom at the figures given in the table that follows mint value for fine gold; that is; $20.67183 price is the average New York price for bar s and zinc prices are weighted averages, for e primary metal sold by producers. 138 MINERALS YEARBOOK Prices of silver, copper, lead, and zinc, 1928-32 Year Sliver Copper Lead Zinc Year Silver Copper Lend Zinc Perfine, Per ounce pound 1928........................ $0.585 $0.144 1929........................ .533 . J76 1930....................... .385 .130 Per pound $0.058 .003 .050 Per pound 10.001 .060 .048 Per fine 1931........................ 1932.................... Per Per Per SS'SJ pound 030 Review by counties and districts.--The Cripple Creek district in 1932 produced $2,200,507 in gold compared with $2,385,709 in 1931. The Goldep Cycle 1,200-ton roast-amalgamation-cyanidntion custom mill at Colorado Springs was operated at the rate of 800 to 900 tons daily, principally on Cripple Creek suJphoteJiuridc ores. All Cripple Creek ores arc treated at this mill. During 1932 part of the 300-ton selective flotation mill added to the Golden Cycle equipment in November 1929 was used intermittently to treat custom gold-silver ores from Boulder, Clear Creek, Gilpin, Lake, and Bark Counties, chiefly gold (silver-lead) ores from Park County from September 10 to the end of the year; the tails from the flotation machines went direct into the cyanide circuit or to the roasters to burn the carbon in the American ore. Producing mines and dumps in the Cripple Creek district included the Acacia, Atlas, Buckeye, Cresson, Doctor-Jack Pot, El Paso, Elkton, Empire Lee, Gold Dollar, Gold Pinnacle, Granite, Jerry Johnson, Pharmacist, Portland, School Section, Strat ton Estate, Strong, and United Gold Mines. The Cripple Creek district has yielded $354,022,394 in gold from its discovery in 1891 to 1932, inclusive. San Juan County in 1932 produced $511,092 in gold, 339,965 ounces of silver, 1,031,000 pounds of lead, and 1,367,000 pounds of copper compared with $647,208 in gold, 430,793 ounces of silver, 1,250,505 pounds of copper, and 1,134,000 pounds of lead in 1931. The Sunnyside Mining & Milling Co. 1,000-ton selective flotation mill at Eureka continued idle. The 550-ton Shenandoah-Dives selective flotation mill operated throughout the year on gold-copper-silvcr-lead oro from the Mayflower group. The Durango lead bullion-copper matte smelter which closed November 1, 1930, remained idle. No ores were marketed from llico, Dolores County, but the St. Louis Smelting & Refining Co. completed its 6,000-foot adit. In San Miguel County a small production was made from the mines at Ophir, and lessees continued gouging operations in the SmugglerUnion mine at Telluride, sold in 1929 for its salvage value. Clean-ups were made at abandoned mills in the Telluride district. The Cimar ron mine at Telluride was reopened. The King Lease on the upper workings of the Camp Bird mine, Ouray County, continued to extract gold ore which was treated in the amalgamation-concentration mill built by the leasing company at the upper adit, in Imogene Basin. Production of small lots of highgrade gold-silver ore from the Trust-Ruby property at SnefTels was continued. Other small producers in Ouray County were the Ameri can, Banner American, Governor, and Valley View. Gold, stiver^ copper, lead, and zinc mined in Colorado in 1938, by counties,nn terms o f recovered metals 1 GOLD, ETC., IN COLO., N.MEX., TEX., 140 MINERALS YEARBOOK Small but slightly increased shipments of gold ore were made from the May Day and other mines at Hesperus, La Plata County. The La Plata Mines Co. continued development work at the Gold King mine above La Plata and operated its mill intermittently. Eagle County continued in 1932 as one of the principal producing counties in Colorado through the production of the Empire Zinc Co. Eagle mine from ore bodies in the Leadville limestone formation, dipping northeastward under Battle Mountain near Redcliff. Since 1912 this company has been opening and developing its holdings, always with some regular annual production; from November 1929 to December 1, 1931, the company ran its new 600-ton flotation mill on zinc-lead-silver-iron sulphide ore. This mill is built in an excava tion cut into the granite face of Eagle Canyon and thcroforo is mostly underground. In 1931, in addition to milling zinc-lead ore from its large reserves, the company continued to ship copper-iron-silver-gold ore to Utah smelters. In 1932 this smelting ore was shipped both to Utah smelters and to the Arkansas Valley smelter at Leadville, which was equipped to handle copper ores. Several cars of gold ore were shipped to Leadville from the reopened Champion mine on Battle Mountain, many years ago a prominent gold producer from ore bodies in the Cambrian quartzite formation. Lake County (Leadville) in 1932 produced 6,255 ounces of gold, 16,768 ounces of silver, 152,000 pounds of lead, 6,000 pounds of copper, and 126,000 pounds of zinc compared with 5,055 ounces of gold, 81,183 ounces of silver, 33,308 pounds of copper, 2,940,514 pounds of lend, and 5,773,000 pounds of zinc in 1931. The Leadville district produced no iron-manganese ore in 1932. The Leadville Deep Mines Co. properties remained idle. Gold ore was shipped from the Ibex, Tribune, and Venir mines. Development was continued at the Resurrection group. The Arkansas Valiev smelter was idle during January and October. It ran as a lead-bullion smelter in February and March, as a copper-matte smelter from April through August, and again as a lead furnace in September, November, and December. The Climax Molybdenum Co. at Climax, 14 miles north of Leadville, continued to mill at the rate of 44,000 tons a month to August 1, then 8,000 tons a month to December 1, and 15,000 tons in December, making a total for the year of 354,030 tons treated, which yielded 1,797 tons of molybdenite concentrate containing 1,913,375 pounds of elemental molybdenum. Aspen (Pitkin County) continued to show the effect of the low prices of silver and lead; in 1931 its production was 37,169 ounces of silverand282,000poundsofleadand in 1932, 45,965 ounces and 228,000 pounds, respectively. Several cars of gold smelting ore from the old Independence district gave Pitkin County a gold production of$ 1,092. The silver mines of Mineral County (Creede),' which ceased to operate after July 1930, remained idle in 1932. The United States Vanadium Co. 140-ton roasting, leaching, and precipitation mill at Rifle was operated continuously to July 1, 1932, on ore from its vanadium mines 12 miles from Rifle; the mine was then abandoned. In Gunnison County small shipments of gold bullion were made to the Denver Mint from the Maple Leaf mine near Parlin and from the Carter mine, at Ohio City; development work only was done at White Pine; some new development work was done at Powderhom. ,GOLD, BTC., IN COLO., N.MEX., TEX., S Production in Summit County in 1932 was ments of lead-silver smelting ore from Brecke gold-silver bullion from the Tiger Amalgam ridge, and placer gold-silver bullion from th Co. dredge on Blue River, below Breckenridge, licking and sluicing operations on Blue and S Gold production (recoverable) in Park $871,789 in 1931 to $2,599,412 in 1932 as the r shipments of gold ore from the American Extension. Other producers were the "Nort Hock Hocking (silver-gold), Magnolia, Or "West London." Development work was do Mountain, Onhir, and Weber groups. Clear Creole County yielded $119,876 in g silver, chiefly from the operations of the Li Mines near Idaho Springs. Gilpin Count gold, principally from the operations of the C City. Other producers in Gilpin County w toga, and Perigo. Small lots of bullion, marketed from Boulder County mines in 193 and 11,737 ounces of silver. NEW MEXICO In 1932 the output of gold, silver, copper, Mexico ores and gravels, m terms of recovere able metal, was 23,930 ounces of gold, 1,1 28.899.000 pounds of copper, 20,951,000 61.108.000 pounds of zinc. Compared with a decrease of 7,231 ounces of gold, an incre silver, a decrease of 32,604,100 pounds o 1.586.000 pounds of lead, and a decrease of The gross value of the New Mexico metal p follows: Gold $494,669, silver $335,707, $628,530, and zinc $1,533,240, a total of $ $9,494,766 in 1931. Mine production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zin terms of recovered metal Year 1028.. 1029.. 1030.. 1931.. 1032 1 Year 1928... 1929.. 1930.. 1931.. 1932 t. i Subject to revision. Gold (lode and placer) Silver (lod Fine ounces Value Fine ounces 32.912.41 35,176.46 32.870.42 31,161.24 23,929. 62 1680,360 727,162 669,166 644,160 494,669 827,79 l, 121,64 1,107,33 1,041,86 1,190,46 Lead Pounds Value 15,610,801 22,260,811 20.766.900 22.637.000 20.961.000 $906,40 1,402,43 1,037,84 833,86 628,63 142 MINERALS YEARBOOK The large low-grade porphyry copper deposit of the Chino Mines of the Nevada Consolidated Copper Co. at Santa Rita was mined at the rate of 6,474 tons daily for 180 days in 1932 compared with 7,178 tons in 1931 (actually 8,852 tons for 296 days). The deposit is mined by open-pit methods, using steam and electric shovels, and the ore is concentrated at the company flotation mill at Hurley, which lias a daily capacity of 15,000 tons in all seven units. The Lordsburg district, the second largest gold and copper producer in the State in 1931, in 1932 shipped 16,608 tons of siliceous coppcr-gold-silvcr ores, containing 1,404 ounces of gold, 37,561 ounces of silver, 936,100 pounds of copper, and 59,284 pounds of lead, compared with 96,032 tons in 1931, which contained 11,287 ounces of gold, 137,731 ounces of silver, 4,725,223 pounds of copper, and 186,196 pounds of lead. As usual, llio oro was shipped to Douglas, Ariz., and El Faso, Tex. The largest producing mine in this district, the Eighty-Five, was closed soon after January 1, 1932. The only other producer in 1932 was the Bonney mine. The Pecos mine of the American Metal Co. on Willow Creek, San Miguel County, in its sixth year of production, continued to produce at the rate of 538 tons a day. The ore minerals in this complex sulphide ore body are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, and the gangue is a sheared micaceous diorite. The ore bodies are mined both by the cut-and-fill system and by square-set stopes. The mine and mill are connected by a 12-mile aerial tramway. The capacity of the mill, a selective flotation plant, is 600 tons a day. In 1932 the mill produced 44,681 tons of zinc concentrates and 17,665 tons of lead-copper concentrates compared with 44,780 tons and 18,911 tons, respectively, in 1931. The actual heads of ore into the mill in 1932 averaged 0.112 ounce of gold, 4.24 ounces of silver, 0,89 percent copper (wet assay), 4.89 percent lead (wet assay), and 15.50 percent zinc. This mine is the largest single producer of gold, silver, lead, and zinc in New Mexico. Other producers of zinc concentrates were the Black Hawk (or Combination) selective flotation mill at Hanover, which was operated continuously, and the Peru selective flotation mill at Wemple, near Deming, which was operated the last 3 months only. Zinc concentrates produced in New Mexico in 1932 amounted to 55,870 tons containing 61,576,492 pounds of zinc and averaging 55 percent zinc. Several cars of silver-gold ore were shipped to the El Paso smelter from the Cochiti or Bland district, Sandoval County; several ship ments of gold-silver concentrate were made from the Mogollon dis trict, Catron County; and several small shipments of gold-silver ore were made from Tres Piedrns and from Red River, Taos County. Small lots of placer gold bullion were shipped from the Mt. Balay district, Colfax Count}'; the Pinos Altos district, Grant County; the Jicarilla district, Lincoln County; the Hillsboro district, Sierra County; the Orogrande district, Otero County; and the Golden district, Santa Fe County. TEXAS Although no output of gold, silver, copper, or lead was recorded for Texas in 1931 a small output of each of these metals was reported in 1932. As shown in the accompanying table $180 in gold, 1,421 ounces of silver, 7,000 pounds of copper, and 34,000 pounds of lead were recovered, with a combined gross value of $2,042. GOLD, ETC., IN COLO., N.MEX., TEX., S Mint production of gold, silver, copper, and lead in recovered metals i------------------ ' Year Ore (short tons) Gold Sliver Copper Fine ounces Value Pounds Va 1028................ 70,015 *10,115 1020................ 03. 872 20.439 1030................ 31, 147 3. 048 1033 ............. 185 180 1.340. 022 1,020,610 389, 239 1,421 1784. 204 643.935 140,857 401 447,702 341,000 J43, 100 7.000 $04 60 18 1 No production was recorded for 1031; figures for 1G32 subject to re Tho motnls produced in Toxas in 1932 wore County, and AJlamoore, Culbertson County. SOUTH DAKOTA The metal mines in South Dakota in 1932 gold, 126,199 ounces of silver, and 7,000 poun each of the three metals over 1931. The Homestake mine at Lead, Lawrence C ducing gold mine in the United States, was in 1932. The company report showed 1,401,5 ceeds from gold-silver bullion treated by am cyanidation of sands and slimes were $9,911 were $2,662,296. From 1876 to 1932, inclusiv bullion and concentrates which brought $25 $62,653,292 in dividends. Mine production of gold, silver, and lead in South D recovered metals Year Ore (short tons) Oold (lode and placer) Fino ounces Value Silver (lode e placer) Fine ouncos Va 1928................. 1929................. 1930................. 1931................. 1932>............... 1,422. 233 1,403,160 1,365,156 1,404, 153 1.401,664 317.378. 94 310,636.86 407,221. 14 432.075. 39 480,329. 74 $6. e00.805 6,640,699 8,418,008 8,931,791 9,929,297 90,647 85,182 105, 236 113,562 126,199 35 4 4 3 3 * Subject to revision. Ore milled, receipts, and dividends, Homest Year 1028... 1020... 1030... 1031... 1032 1 Subject to revision. Ore milled Short font 1,416,949 1, 437,636 1,364.450 1,403.939 1,401,693 144 MINERALS YEARBOOK In 1932 placer gold production in South Dakota totaled 1,148.14 fine ounces, chiefly from the Grand Hills Mining Co. steam shovel Ainlay bowl installation on French Creek near Custer, the scene of the first discovery of gold in South Dakota in 1874. Other placer production was from a gasoline shovel and sluicing at Tinton and small-scale placers on Battle, Bear, Castle, French, Spring, and Whitewood Creeks. From 1875 to 1932, inclusive, South Dakota has yielded $308,084,819 in gold and 8,009,825 ounces of silver. In 1932 the production of lead in South Dakota, in terms of re covered metal, was 7,000 pounds, from a car of concentrates from the Sitting Bull-Richmond mill. WYOMING Metal mines in Wyoming in 1932 reported production of $5,129 in gold, 195 ounces of silver, and 9,000 pounds of lead. These metals had a gross value of $5,454 compared with $1,989 for the State in 1931. The bulk of the gold production of Wyoming in 1932 was from shipments of amalgamation and placer bullion from Atlantic City, Fremont County. One car of lead-silver ore was shipped from Encampment, Carbon County. Mine -production of gold, silver, copper, and lead in Wyoming, 1928-32, in terms of recovered metals Year Ore (short tons) Gold Silver Copper Lead Fine ounces Value Pounds Value Pounds Value Total value 1928............. 129 $077 53 $31 2,004 $376 $1,083 1929............ 143 995 20 14 4.301 767 1.758 1930............. 1,285 9,158 122 47 11,600 1,508 10,713 1931............ 23 1,105 17 5 9,000 819 1,089 1932 .......... 80 5,129 196 55 .................. ................. 9,000 $270 5,454 t Subject to revision. GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, LEAD, AND AND CENTRAL ST (MINE REPORT) __________ By J. P. Du n l o p a n d H. M J Mines of the Eastern and Central Sta valued as follows: Gold, $21,854; silver, $ lead, $8,381,280 ; and zinc, $16,008,210. both quantity and value of all these m was only about $2,000 less than in 1931 j to the smaller quantity of copper ore min The value of metal production herein r fit the figures given in the table on page mint value for fine gold; that is, $20.6 valued at the average buying price at Ne copper, lead, and zinc prices are weighted all grades of primary metal sold by produ Salient statistics of mine production of gold, silv Eastern and Central Stales in 1932, by Stales State Ore, old tailings, etc., sold or treated Gold (lode and placer) 8llver (lode and placer) Eastern States: Virginia........................... Short tons 800 440 659,051 189,679 20.060 69,811 150 H52, 8*5 304, 773 1.998,848 $1,423 6.760 Fine ounces 10 30 7, 691 1,660 1.408 3,315 037 21.854 23,827 10,045 830 6 19, 300 < 8 30.228 03,949 Central Stales: Illinois . Wisconsin....................... Total, 1931 . .............. <) () 750.600 () I. 142,775 3. 786,000 1,687,700 310,300 7. 577.875 -----14,871.948 257 71,408 1, 128 72.793 42, 737 1 i Estimated smelting value of recoverable tine content of ore facturing charges are added. t New York and Virginia included under Tennessee; Bureau figures. 1 Excludes value of lead, which Is included under Tennessee * North CRroltna and Pennsylvania included under Tennesse separate figures. Excludes value of copper, which Is Included under Tennes * Virginia Included under Tennessee; Bureau of Mines not a 1ncludes also value of copper from North Carolina and P glnia, and line from Virginia. 1 Excludes value or lead and zinc, which is included under T * No estimates available for small quantity of ore treated in 146 MINERALS YEARBOOK Prices oj silver, copper, lead, and zinc, 1928-32 Year 1028 11003209 Silver Copper Per fine ounce $0. 585 ,633 .385 Per pound $0. 144 .176 . 130 Lead Per pound $0.068 .003 .050 Zinc Per pound $0,001 .000 .048 Year Silver Copper Per fine ounce 1931......... $0,290 1932......... .282 Per pound $0,091 .003 Lead Per pound $0.037 .030 Per pound $0.038 Gold and silver.--The output of gold in the Eastern States was valued at $21,854 in 1932, or $1,973 less than in 1931. Placer mines yielded 226.88 fine ounces of gold in 1932 compared with 166.12 ounces in 1931. Gold derived from siliceous ores increased from 90.36 ounces in 1931 to 459.04 ounces in 1932. Gold derived from the refining of copper bullion decreased from 896.15 ounces in 1931 to 371.27 ounces in 1932. More than twice as many placer and lode gold mines were operated in 1932 as there were in 1931. Small yields : of gold were reported in 1932 by 15 lode gold mines and 20 placers. Numerous other properties were being prospected, old mines were reopened, and experimental mills were built, indicating a considerate ^ increase in gold from the Southern Appalachian States in 1933. In 1932 about 2,200 tons of siliceous ore were treated at mills in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia; in 1931 lode mines were productive only in Georgia and North Caro- ' lina. The value of the estimated output of gold in the Southern Appalachian States from 1799 to 1932, inclusive, is recorded as $51,243,198. Mines in the Central States yielded no gold. Of the silver (30,228 ounces) produced in tho Eastern States in 1932 all except 21 ounces from placer bullion and 77 ounces from lode gold mines was derived from copper bullion recovered from copper ore and copper concentrates from mines in North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. As the copper output in the Eastern States decreased in 1932 the silver output was less than half that in 1931. Production of silver in the Central States in 1932 was 72,793 ounces. The output of Illinois was from lead concentrates recovered in mining fluorspar, that of Missouri was from zinc concentrates derived from milling lead ore, and that of Michigan was from copper ore. Lead, zinc, and lead-zinc ores mined in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin contain no appreciable quantity of silver. Copper.--The mine production of copper in the Eastern States in 1932 was 10,872,200 pounds, valued at $684,949, a decrease of 12,573,800 pounds from that in 1931; each of the producing States showed a decrease. Tho output was derived from copper ore.mined in North Carolina and Tennessee and from copper concentrates recovered from Pennsylvania pyritiferous magnetite ore mined for its iron content. The copper oro yielded $0.06 to the ton in gold and silver. The copper concentrates from magnetite ore contained about 20.1 percent copper and $2.42 to the ton in gold and silver. All the copper produced in 1932 in the Central States was from mines in Michigan; no copper ore or residues containing copper were shipped from mines or smelters in Missouri. The output of refined copper in Michigan was 54,396,108 pounds in 1932 compared with 118,059,491 pounds in 1931. The average recovery of copper per ton of rock treated increased from 33.1 pounds in 1931 to 47.6 pounds in 1932. GOLD, ETC., IN EASTERN AND CEN Lead.--The output of lead from mines in all from lead-zinc ores from the Austinville Balmat mine in New York, and the Embr Lead concentrates shipped amounted to 7,291 The lead recovered from mine shipments trates in the Central States decreased from 135,228 tons in 1932. Missouri shipments lead, of which 116,152 tons were from mines in Production of lead in Oklahoma, as measure Concentrates shipped, decreased from 13,210 tons in 1932. Shipments from Kansas mine tons in 1931 to 6,490 tons in 1932. Wiscon duced ore yielding 952 tons of lead in 1931 Only a few cars of lead concentrates were Illinois. The output of lead from Arkansas tons in 1931 to 4 tons in 1932. Mines in region shipped 23,523 tons of lead concentr 18,131 tons of recoverable lead. ' Einc.--The recoverable zinc in ore and co mines in the Eastern States was 116,768 ton in 1932, compared with 156,697 tons, valued Mines in New Jersey yielded 81,460 tons, as m at $7,993,650. {N.B.--Tho value of the zinc in New Jersey Is no the estimated smelting value of the recoverable zi freight, haulage, smelting, and manufacturing charge Mines in New York shipped concentrates, partly from lead-zinc ore, from which 16,79 covered. Zinc sulphido ores yielded nearly nessee, and all the ore was concentrated exc zinc carbonate. The recovered zinc output a concentrates from mines in Virginia may n recoverable zinc content of concentrates ship Virginia was 18,514 tons, less than 50 perce 1931. Some of the zinc concentrates made the mines. The zinc concentrates shipped fr States in 1932 totaled 580,352 tons, including carbonate from Tennessee and Virginia and t New Jersey. Shipments in the Central States had a re 08,268 tons in 1932 compared with 130,476 the Tri-State or Joplin region shipped ore a 90,660 tons of zinc in 1932 compared with 1 considerable part of the zinc concentrates shi in 1931. Mines in Oklahoma contributed 7 Kansas 29 percent of the zinc from the T The zinc recovered from mines in Wisconsin tons in 1931 to 7,522 tons in 1932/and that decreased from 3,205 tons in 1931 to 986 tons zinc carbonate and silicates yielding 46 tons o mines in Kentucky. No ore or concentrate shipped from mines in Arkansas or Illinois in 182217--33------11 148 MINERALS YEARBOOK REVIEW OF MINE PRODUCTION IN THE EASTERN AND APPALA CHIAN STATES Alabama.--The value of the gold produced in Alabama lrom 1830 to 1932, inclusive, is recorded as $769,229. In 1932 there was a re vival of lode mining, and the mines yielded $1,423 in gold and 10 ounces of silver. Most of this was from the W. F. Fasley mine near Alexander City, Tallapoosa County; the mine is equipped with a cyanide plant. Georgia.--The value of the gold produced in Georgia from 1830 to 1932, inclusive, is recorded as $17,859,439. In 1932, 11 small placer mines and 3 lode mines yielded $5,760 in gold and 30 ounces of silver; in 1931, 2 mines produced $1,827 in gold and 12 ounces of silver. Placer mines near Dahlonega and Auraria in Lumpkin County yielded nearly 80 percent of the State output of placer gold ($3,720) m 1932; the remainder was produced by small mines operating in Cherokee, Dawson, Douglas, Gwinnett, and Hall Counties. The lode gold mines producing in 1932 were the Russell near Cleveland in White County, the Arnold near Lexington in Oglethorpe County, and the Hamilton at Thomson in McDuffie County. The Hamilton mine and mill were operated by W. II. Fluker, who sank two shallow shafts and did considerable drifting. The ore milled was taken out during development and treated at a 5-stamp mill. It is stated that amalga mation recovered only 60 percent of the gold content of the ore, whereas tests showed that cyanidation would recover a much larger proportion. The Hamilton mine adjoins the old Parks and Columbia mines which have yielded considerable gold and arc now being re opened. The Russell mine was operated by Telford and Kenimer, and the gold ore was treated at a small mill. The Arnold mine is opened by a shaft and drifts, and the small quantity of ore mined yielded about $9 a ton in gold. The Chestatce placer mines and the Barlow, Findley, and other properties of Craig R. Arnold in the Dahlonega district are optioned and are to bo developed in 1933. Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, and Vermont.--There was no production of gold, silver, copper, lead, or zinc in these States in 1932. New Jersey (see also note on p. 147).--The production of zinc ore in New Jersey in 1932 was 559,651 tons containing 162,920,000 pounds of recoverable zinc. The only producing properties were the Mine Hill and Sterling Hill mines of the New Jersey Zinc Co. _' New York.--The quantity of zinc ore and old tailings milled in New York in 1932 was 72,615 tons, and the quantity of lcad-zinc ore was 117,064 tons; the concentrates shipped yielded 16,794 tons of zinc. The mines were not operated at capacity in 1932, and the shipments of concentrates were only about two thirds of those in 1931. The old Edwards mine yields sulphide zinc ore and is equipped . with a 450-ton all-flotation plant. The Balmat mine near Sylvan Lake yields sulphide lead-zinc ore with a recovery of about 1 ton of lead concentrates to 10 tons of zinc concentrates and has a 600-ton flotation plant. _ North Carolina.--The value of the gold produced in North Carolina from 1799 to 1932, inclusive, is recorded as $23,698,278. The yield of gold in 1932 was $7,591 and that of silver 10,045 ounces. Six placer mines yielded $449 in gold and nine lode mines $7,142. The placer mines were worked on a small scale. The Fontana copper mine GOLD, BTC., IN EASTERN AND CE was tho largest producer of gold from lode m was recovered in Burke, Gaston, Halifax, a Lode mines wore productive in Cabarrus, G gomery, Randolph, Stanly, Swain, and Un gold mines wore all small producers, and los ore were milled in 1932; properties that pr Hearne and Sibley in Cabarrus County, op the Crayton, also in Cabarrus County; the Jackson County, whore rich gold ore was m Lindsey in Guilford County, operated by Ankle in Montgomery County near Seagrov vertical shaft and open cuts and where a undor construction; the Kindley near Fulle equipped with a ball mill; the Whitley n County, equipped with a 10-stamp mill u the Rogers near Waxliaw in Union .Coun Strother, from which ore was shipped to Terry & Holler are erecting a new 10-stam Mecklenburg County, and II. II. Green has at Gold Hill in Rowan County. The Nor Co. shipped crude sulphide copper ore fro Swain County to tho Tennessee Copper C Tenn. The crude ore assays 0.01 ounce o silver to tho ton. The Fontana mino is open shaft. Pennsylvania:--The Cornwall mines in operated at a much reduced rate in 1932, an copper concentrates was shipped as in 1 pyritiferous magnetite, and the tailings from to the flotation plant. Tho copper conce about 20.1 percent copper and $2.42 to the were shipped to the Nichols Copper Co. South Carolina.--From 1829 to 1932, in Carolina yielded $5,184,753 in gold. The o of which $947 came from lode gold mines placer in 1932 was the Brewer near Jefferso operated by J. F. Hartman. Smaller yields Bogan and by E. C. Young. Some gold w old Haile mine in Lancaster County near output was from the Notts mino in Unio This old mino, idle since 1900, was reopened Cannon. The 10-stamp mill was operated on ore from old dumps, but some good ore 80-foot shaft. Tennessee.--Mines in Tennessee produce 1831 to 1932, inclusive. Almost the entir been from copper ores. There were large d of copper, zinc, gold, and silver from mines in of gold decreased from $8,325 in 1931 to $3 silver from 41,000 to 19,300 ounces. Ten little lead, but the quantity recovered in 1931. The total lead recovered from mines and Tennessee in 1932 was 4,460 tons, and from mines in Tennessee and Virginia (for w 150 MINERALS YEARBOOK not be given) was 18,514 tons. The output of copper from mines in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania was 10,872,200 pounds, a decroase of nearly 12,474,000 pounds from 1931. The Tennessee Copper Co. ran its flotation plant and smelter on ore from the Polk County, Burra-Burra, and Eureka mines in Tennessee and on crude sulphide oro from the Fontana mine in Swain County, N.C.; the company mines wero operated 101 days, the flotation plant was operated 173 days, and the smelter was operated full time on reduced tonnage. The Ducktown Chemical & Iron Co. operated its Isabella and East Tennessee mines and its flotation plant part of the year; it did not operate its smelter but stored the copper concentrates. The Mascot mine and mill of the American Zinc Co. of Tennessee were operated at about 80 percent of the 1931 rate. The Universal Exploration Co. did not mine any zinc carbonate ore in 1932 but kept its 800-ton all-flotation plant running on zinc sulphide ore at a lower rate than in 1931; the blende concentrates shipped had an average zinc content of G4.83 percent--the highest grade zinc con centrates reported in 1932. The Embree Iron Co. in Washington County shipped much less high-grade zinc carbonate than in 1931 but more lead carbonate. ... Virginia.--The value of gold produced from mines in Virginia from 1828 to 1932, inclusive, is recorded as $3,299,073, of which only about $9,800 was produced during the last 22 years. In 1932 Virginia produced $037 in gold and 8 ounces of silver--the first output of gold since 1926. Shipments of lead and zinc concentrates decreased sharply in 1932. As there were only two producers of zinc and one of lead the Bureau of Mines is not at liberty to publish the figures. Sulphide lead-zinc ore was mined at the Austinvillc mine of the Bertha Mineral Co. The Ivanhoe Mining & Smelting Co. mined some oxidized zinc ore from shallow shafts. The gold and silver came from the Moss mine near Tabscott, Goochland County, operated by J. C. Williams and others. A 150-foot shaft was completed in July 1932, and a small stamp mill was operated for a few days on ore taken out during development. Part of the ore developed probably is not amenable to treatment by amalgamation and must be shipped to a smelter. Development work was continued in 1932 by Leo Faust on the Waller mine near Tabscott. The vertical shaft is down more than 300 feet. Some good ore is reported at the 150-foot level, but no effort will be made to mill the ore until drifts are run at the 300-foot level to cut other veins and until tests are made to indicate the proper method of treatment. The Moss and Waller mines are only 2 miles apart, in the James River area about 40 miles from Richmond. REVIEW OF MINE PRODUCTION IN THE CENTRAL STATES Tenor of ores.--The only fair basis for comparison of the relative magnitude of mining operations in different States is that of quantity of crude ore or "dirt." There are, however, marked differences in the metal content of the ores of the several mining regions and States; therefore, comparison of tenor of the ores is of interest and significance. All but a very small part of the ore from the Central States is of such tenor that it requires concentration. In Kentucky and southern Illinois most of the lead and zinc concentrates are recovered as by products in the concentration of the fluorspar that they accompany, GOLD, ETC., IN EASTERN AND CE 'and it is not possible to calculate the met ore raised. In Arkansas very little oro has years, and the average tenor calculated from these years would not present an accurate co during a period of active mining. Quantity and tenor of copper, lead, and zinc ores, old Central Stales, 1930-32, by S State 1030 19 Ore, etc. Metal content > Ore, etc. Kansas........... Michigan.............. . . Missouri.......... Oklahoma.................. Wisconsin.............................. Short tont 3.517.300 6, 059.036 7,010.100 7,213, 600 486,400 24. 880,436 Percent 2.80 1.27 3.08 2.61 Short tom 3, 670, 74 5, 240, 40 3,828,90 318,70 14, 871,94 r J)ie Porantaces represent the metnl coDtent of the ore Insofar a in Michigan tho metnl so recovered Is copper; In the other Centra! the relative proportions of which are shown fn the table on p. 145 an In the sections devoted to the respective States. Production of lead and zinc by regions.--Th 1930 gives the areas included in the seven regions of the Central.States. Mineral Res brief reviews of the history of lead and zin States, the yearly production of each State clusive, and historical notes and estimates of lead and zinc in each State before 1907. Mine production of lead and zinc in the Central S Hoglon Lead Short tOD8 Value Concentrates: Joplin................................... . Southeastern Missouri............................... Upper Mississippi Valley *............................. Kentucky-southern Illinois............................. Northern Arkansas.................................... Total, 1931........................ ......... Metal: Joplin................................... Southeastern Missouri.. . Upper Mississippi Valley ...................... Kentucky-southern. Illinois............................. ' Northern Arkansas................................. Total, 1931......... ............................................... 23,623 162,989 1,312 56 6 $836,56 4,891,97 38,49 1,34 18 187,886 5, 768,55 253,588 11,160, 71 18,131 110,152 910 31 4 1,087,86 6,909,12 64,60 1,86 24 135,228 8,113,68 181,648 13,441,95 Includes both galena and a small quantity of.lead carbonate conc * Includes sphalerite and a small quantity of zinc carbonate and tln Includes Iowa, northern Illinois, and Wisconsin. 152 MINERALS YEARBOOK Arkansas.--No zinc ore or concentrates were shipped by mines in Arkansas in 1932, and shipments of galena concentrates were only 6 tons, yielding about 4 tons of lead. In 1931 the lead output was 78 tons. No zinc mines were operated in 1932, and all the lead ore shipped was from the Brewer land in Newton County. . Illinois.--None of the zinc or lead mines in northern Illinois were operated in 1932, and the only shipments from mines in southern Illinois were 56 tons of galena concentrates having an average lead content of 55.4 percent. The recoveries from these shipments were 31 tons of lead and 257 ounces of silver. The output in 1931 was 205 tons of lead and 1,300 ounces of silver. The Hillside Fluor Spar Mines was the largest shipper of galena concentrates in 1932, and all the concentrates were sold to the St. Louis Smelting & Refining Co. plant of the National Lead Co. The Rosiclare anu Franklin mines, producing mainly fluorspar, did not sell any lead.concentrates in 1932. Kansas.--The output of recovered lead and zinc in Kansas in 1932 was much less than m 1931, although considerable quantities of con centrates milled in 1931 were shipped in 1932. The recovered lead in concentrates shipped decreased from 7,082 tons in 1931 to6,490 tons in 1932 and recovered zinc from 39,051 to 26,277 tons. The total quantity of zinc and lead-zinc ore and old tailings milled in Kansas in 1932 was 750,500 tons (1,913,200 tons in 1931), and the total shipments were 8,300 tons of galena concentrates, 79 tons of lead carbonate, and 49,487 tons of sphalerite concentrates. The galena concentrates had an average lead content of 79.3 percent, and the sphalerite concentrates had an average zinc content of 60.3 percent. The following average prices were received by sellers of concentrates: Galena concentrates $39.20 a ton, and sphalerite con centrates $17.97 a ton. The 507,100 tons of crude ore milled yielded 0.91 percent in galena concentrates assaying 79.3 percent lead and 7.03 percent in sphalerite concentrates averaging 60.4 percent zinc. The 243,400 tons of old tailings re-treated yielded only 4 tons of galena concentrates but contained 2.01 percent in sphalerite con centrates with an average assay of 59.5 percent zinc. The total concentrates made by flotation in 1932 were 13,400 tons of sphalerite and 290 tons of galena. . Of the total shipments of sphalerite (49,487 tons), mines near Crestline contributed 11 tons and mines near Galena 27 tonsj the remaining 49,449 tons were shipped from mines in the Blue Mound- Baxter Springs area. This area also contributed 7,529 tons of galena concentrates. Mines at Galena shipped 547 tons of galena and 79 tons of lead carbonate concentrates, and mines at Crestline shipped 224 tons of galena. .. ' In the Crestline area all the large mills were idle in 1932, and most of the galena shipped was from stocks at mines. In the Galena camp most of the concentrates shipped were produced by small gougers on leases of the Eagle-Picher Mining & Smelting Co. GOLD, ETC., IN EASTERN AND CENTR Mine production of lead and zinc in Kansas --------- ------- Year ' Lead concentrates 1 Zinc concentrates Le Short tons Value Short tons Value Short tons 1931............................ 9.283 1932................................ 8,379 $404,231 73.690 $1,651,992 7,082 327,344 49,487 889,066 6,490 i Includes 79 tons of lend carbonate, containing W percent lead, from Oa carbonate, containing 57 percent lead, in 1931. ,JDe.??Icu.,atl!l* ,the m.etR* content of the ores from assays allowance has of Doth lead and line. In comparing the values of ore and motal it should b given for the ore Is that actually received by the producer, whereas the v culated from the average price for all grades. Tenor of lead and zinc ore and old tailings milled and Kansas, 1981-3$ 1931 Crude ore Old in Total ore and old taiilncs milled.................... short tons Total concentrator shipped: Oalena......................................... . do Sphalerite................................... do Ratio of concentrates to ore, etc.: Zinc............................................................................ do. Metal content of ore, etc.: Lead..... ........ ................. . ..do. Zinc.-------- ...... ........ ____________do___ Average load content of gnlnnn concontrnlcs......... do. Average zinc content of sphalerite concentrates..do.. . Average value per ton: Oalena concentrates...................................................... Sphalerite concentrates............................................. 1,040,800 8,882 55,537 0. 94 6.30 .73 3.80 79. 3 60.4 $44.99 $23. 26 87 1 $ $ The mines near Baxter Springs shipped 1,225 6,112 tons of sphalerite. Of this quantity, ab milled in 1931. Little prospecting was done in only new mill erected was a 100-ton plant of the Co. The principal shippers in the area in 1932 we Co. (tailing mill), Lucky O. K. Mining Co., Vin (Hartley-Grantlmm mine), II & B Mining Co., Mining Co. (Hartley mine), and Lowther & Co. The mines in the Blue Mound area, which in tons of galena and 60,304 tons of sphalerite, h output in 1932; shipments, including a large qua a smaller proportion of sphalerite from mine bin tons of galena and 43,337 tons of sphalerite in shippers in this area were the Jay Hawk Mining Inc. (tailings), Black Eagle Mining Co. (ore ana Mining & Royalty Co. (Webber, West Side, Eagle-Picher Mining & Smelting Co. (Bendela tinent Lead & Zinc Corporation and Vinegar H mine). 154 MINERALS YEARBOOK The Waco district (in Kansas) shipped 2,063 tons of sphalerite in . 1931; all mines and mills were idle in 1932, and no shipments were made from stocked concentrates. _ . Kentucky.--The fluorspar mines in Kentucky made no shipments of lead concentrates in 1931 or 1932. Shipments in 1930 were 184 tons having a recoverable content of 101 tons of lead. Shipments of 137 tons of zinc carbonate and silicates were made in 1932 from mines near Marion, by Roberts & Frazer and Avery H. Reed; the recovered zinc content was 46 tons. The ore mined by Avery H. Reed is a mixed zinc carbonate and lead carbonate. Michigan.--In 1932 the mines of Michigan produced 1,142,775 tons of rock yielding 79,753,030 pounds of mineral, from which 54,396,108 pounds of refined copper were obtained. The production was less than half that recorded for 1931. Adverse industrial conditions throughout the world caused a severe contraction in demand for copper, and an unfavorable balance between supply and demand resulted. A new low price for copper was established in 1932, and virtually all copper mines in the country were operated at _a Joss. Owing to these conditions the Michigan State Tax Commission re duced the assessed valuation of the mines in Houghton and Keweenaw Counties during the year from $28,562,661 to $19,992,470; Houghton County mines were valued at $14,132,470 compared with $20,347,661 in 1931 and Keweenaw County mines at $5,860,000 compared with $8,215,000 in 1931. The assessed valuation of Calumet & Ilccla properties in Houghton County was reduced from $14,650,000 to $10,580,000 and in Keweenaw County from $5,575,000 to $4,040,000. Copper Range was reduced from $2,765,000 to $1,900,000; Isle Royale from $950,000 to $645,000; Quincy from $900,000 to $435,000; Arcadian from $50,000 to $25,000; La Salle from $80,000 to $25,000; Superior from $20,000 to $10,000; Mohawk from $1,850,000 to $1,380,000; Seneca from $700,000 to $350,000; and Douglass Copper from $40,000 to $30,000. _ Mining companies in Michigan made every effort to reduce the cost of production by selective mining, abandonment of exploration and construction work, reduction in salaries and wages, etc. The grade of rock mined increased from 1.27 percent in 1930 to 1.65 per cent in 1931 and to 2.38 percent in 1932. Selective mining and the failure of the Calumet & Hecla Consolidated Copper Co. to treat copper sands in 1931 and 1932 were responsible for this increase. The average grade of rock for the district in 1932 was considerably highor than in any previous year since the compilation of mine figures was begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1906, due princi pally to the mining of high-grade rock from shaft pillars and old backs in the conglomerate branch of Calumet & Hecla. According to Butler and Burbank,' who recorded the grade of rock produced by individual mines in the Lake Superior district from 1845 through 1925, this mine produced rock yielding 66.6 pounds of copper to the ton in 1897 (slightly higher than the 65.53 pounds reported for it in 1932) and produced no rock of such high grade after that time. ' Butler, B.8., and Burbank, W. S., The Copper Deposits of Michigan: U.S. Oeol. 8urvey Prof. Paper H4, 1029, p. 80. GOLD, ETC., IN EASTERN AND CENT Mine production of silver and copper in Mich ,/ Year Sliver (flne ounces) Copper * Yield C Pounds Pounds per top of ore ("rock ") Percent 1028...................... 17,153 178, 442,704 1029................ 20,795 180, 402,218 1930............ ... . . 7, 820 189.381,413 1931...................... 1.437 * 118,059, 401 1932...................... ** 71.408 4 64,390,108 24.2 24.5 25.4 *33.1 4 47.0 1.21 1.23 1.27 * 1.66 4 2.38 2 2 2 41 4 'Tbe figures are based on the actual recovery of copper from '`min recovery from mineral that waa not smelted during toe year. Includes copper from sands. 'Includes "mineral" from sands. 4 Includes sands. # No sands roported for 1031 or 1932. Value of silver and copper produced in Michiga Year Sliver Copper Total Por ton of oro ("rock") Total Year Sliver 1928........ $10,035 $25. 005, 749 1929........ 11,084 32, 800, 700 1930........ 3, Oil 22,019,684 $3.49 $25, 705, 784 4.32 32.817,874 3.31 22.022,696 1931.... 1932.... $417 20,137 During 1932 the mines of the Calumet & Copper Co. produced 32,354,000 pounds of cop sold (not including depreciation and depletion) compared with 72,367,000 pounds of copper in 1 sold of 9.77 cents a pound. The reclamation p and Hubbell were both idle in 1931 and 1932. branch, mining of shaft pillars and old backs ext zones of the mine where the rock is of richer q and raised the grade of rock for the entire bran to the ton in 1931 to 65.53 pounds in 1932. I 48.69 pounds per ton. Because of the low pric January 1933 production was confined to the backs, and the lower part of the mine was permi Closer selection in the stopes of the Ahmeek mi rock from that mine slightly; operations were su The Osceola amygdaloid branch was closed M mained idle throughout 1932. At the Calume conglomerate rock were stamped, and at the Ah amygdaloid rock were treated. Reconstruction at the Ahmeek mill to permit fine grinding a under way when the mine and mill were closed A treated 22,000 tons of concentrates and mass Hecla mines and 106 tons from the Isle Royale 30,560,000 pounds of refined copper was prod 156 MINERALS YEARBOOK 71,100,000 pounds in 1931. Plants of the Lake Milling, Smelting & Refining Co. were idle throughout 1931 and 1932. Operations at the property of the Isle Royale Copper Co. were continued on a curtailed basis until the latter part of April when the mine and mill were closed. Late in December the mine was allowed to fill with water. Copper produced by the Isle Royale Copper Co., 1929- 1929 1930 1931 1932 Bock hoisted........................................................ short tons.. Rock-house discard......................................................do-- Rock treated.................................................................. do-- Cost of mining, transportation, stamping, and taxes per Refined copper produced.......................................pounds.. Refined copper per ton of rock treated....................do------ 609,049 164,026 516,024 $2.67 10,864,085 21.09 668,700 168,438 610,202 $2.44 10,659,413 20.89 460,682 97,007 363,076 $2.24 7,731.418 21.90 74,189 16,878 68,311 $2.63 1,403,142 24.06 Production at the Champion mine of the Copper Range Co. was maintained at approximately 1,000,000 pounds a month in 1932, most of which came from the south end of the property. Operations at the north end were discontinued March 1, 1932. A total of 12, 188,578 pounds of copper was produced at an average cost delivered, exclusive of depreciation and depletion, of 8.646 cents a pound. The Baltic and Trimountain mines wore idle throughout the year. A total of 291,265 tons was stamped at the Champion mill in 1932. Work on electrical crushing to replace steam stamps was begun late in the year. The new crusher will have operating advantages over the steam stamps, and a substantial reduction in costs is anticipated. Copper produced by the Champion mine of the Copper Range Co., 1928--82 Year Rock stamped Copper produced Yield Cost per Price per too pound 1 received Net profit 1928......................... 1929......................... . 1930......................... 1931......................... 1932......................... Short ton* 427,240 448,804 <*> < 404,830 291,286 Pounds 19,603,535 20,660,701 19,999,604 < 17,721,270 12,188,678 Pounds 46.79 46.24 44.57 < 43.77 41.847 Cents 11.10 1111..7660 <0.764 8.646 Cents 15.01 17.94 11.43 <8.2 6.0 $820,357.45 1,267,685.97 <32,966.04 , < 461,450.25 * 690,106.09 Excludes depreciation and depletion. Figures not given. < Deficit. * Includes Baltic mine. < Deficit for tbe Copper Range Co. Copper produced by the Baltic mine, 1928--82 1 Year Rock stamped Copper Yield Cost per Price produced per ton pound * received Net loss 1928... 1029... 1030... 1931... Short tons 92,742 53,833 8 Pounds 3.415,082 2,127,920 . 3,251,705 (') Pounds 36.82 39.53 49.72 (>) Cents 14.54 21.27 11.82 0) Cents 16.01 17.94 11.43 <) $16,086.51 ; 62,339.97 : 8 < No production recorded for 1932. * Excludes depreciation and depletion. * Net profit. * Figures not given. included with Champion mine in preceding table. GOLD, ETC., IN EASTERN AND C Copper produced by the Trimounta Year Rock Copper Y stamped produced p 1928..................... 1929................. 1930....................... Short tons 38,960 42, 763 (<) Pounds P [ No production recorded for 1931 and 1932. Excludes depreciation and depletion. * Figures not given. At the property of the Mohawk Mining were stamped and yielded 8,450,388 pound cost of copper produced in 1932 was 5.163 with 7.038 cents in 1931. With the exhau pect, this record low cost was obtained production with freedom from developm penses. Mining operations were continued day and 6-day week until September 12, reserves and the increasing pressure of th no. 6 shaft, the only one in operation, t Mineral and mass from current production the year totaled 27,055,350 pounds and yie copper. The 18,049,750 pounds of minera 1932 woro estimated to contain 12,600,0 copper. At a stockholders' meeting on Ma to proceed with liquidation of the comp 1932 totaled $1,120,750. Copper produced by the Mohawk Min Rock hoisted---------- ------------ ------------------------ ------Rock stamped------------------------------------- -------- _-----Product of mineral------------------- ----------------- -------- Copper in mineral produced........... ..................... Yield per ton of rock treated___________________ _ Cost per ton of rock hoisted 'III. Cost per ton of rock stamped *..... Operating cost per pound of refined copper 1cen Cost of taxes1................... ................................ ........... Cost of smelting, freight, and marketing product, offices' expenses-------------------------- -------- ---------- - Total----------------------------------- --------------------- Operations at the mine of the Quincy M September 22, 1931, and the mine remaine Copper produced by the Quincy Minin Year Coppe rock an mass 1928.............................................. 1929................... 1930................... ............................................................................ 1931................................................. ' Short to 60,8 207,8 () No production In 1932. < Not given In company report but Indicated by other figures. * No report Issued by company, but production o! oopper, as indi * Based on actual production costs from Jan. 1, 1932, to date of s 158 MINERALS YEARBOOK Missouri.--The following tables show the production of lead and zinc in southwestern Missouri and the tenor of ore ("dirt") and con centrates from Missouri. Mine production of lead and zinc in southwestern Missouri, 1031-32 Load concentrates 7,lnc concentrates McUl content1 Year Galena Carbonate Sphnlerite Silicate and carbonate Lend Zinc Short Ions Vnluo Short tons Valuo Short tons Vnluo Short tons Vnluo Short tons Vnluo Short tons Vnluo 1931............ 1,254 $51, 073 1032............ 849 25,837 440 $13,985 3,000 $70,371 040 14,491 1,538 26,180 377 $4,700 1,171 $80.054 1,085 $150,800 404 4, 248 1,007 00, 420 910 60,700 t In calculating the motol content of the ores from assays allowance has heon nmdo for smoking losses of both lead and zinc. In comparing tho values of oro and metal It should bo borno In mind that the vnlue given (or the ore Is that actually received by tho producer, whereas the vnlue or the lead and zinc Is cal* culated from the average price for all grades. Tenor of lead and zinc ore and concentrates produced in southwestern Missouri, 1929-32 1929 1030 1931 1932 Total ore............................................................................... short tons.. Total concentrates In ore: Lead.................................................................................. .percent.. Zinc................................................................................... Metal content of ore: Average lead content of galena concentrates............... Average lead content of lead carbonate concentrates. ........do___ Average elnc content of sphalerite concentrates......... ----- do___ Average zinc content of silicates and carbonatos........ ___ do___ Average value per ton: Galena concentrates..................................................... Lead carbonate concentrates..................................... Sphalerite concentrates............................................... Zinc silicates and carbonates..................................... 428. 400 0.33 3.80 .25 2. 26 76.3 60.0 60.3 40.2 $82.31 61.36 40. 63 21.24 328,800 0.40 3. 89 .31 2. 26 76.0 60.0 00.0 40.1 $59. 39 53. 42 33. 55 24.00 104,800 1.03 3.76 1.15 2.16 74.6 59.1 58.6 39.0 $41.21 31. 78 22. 05 12. 03 46,400 3.61 4.69 2. 48 2.60 75.6 69.6 59.6 39.8 $30.43 22.43 16.37 10.61 Tenor of lead ore and concentrates in southeastern Missouri disseminated-lead district, 1929-82 1929 1930 1931 1032 Total lead ore.......................................................short tons.. Galena concentrates in ore.................................... percent.. ZId c content of ore........................................................ do-- Average lead content of galonn concentrates..........do___ Average value por ton of galena concentrates.................... Average zinc content of sphalerite concentrates percent.. Average value per ton of sphalerite concentrates............. 6, 430.600 4.31 .11 72. 7 $75. 61 68. 1 $39.44 6,681,300 4. 15 . 13 73.0 $59.00 6, 135, COO 4.30 .04 72.4 $43. 93 58.2 57.6 $18. 80 * $17. BO 3,740,200 4.36 .01 72.7 $30.01 67.15 $16.26 Mine shipments of lead and zinc concentrates in southeastern and central Missourit 1907-82 Year Lead concentrates (galena) Short tons Value Zinc concentrates Sphalerite Carbonate and silicate Short tons Value Short tons Value 1030 1932 ....................................................... ................................................... 5.853,746 277,520 223,853 162,989 $382,041,262 16, 558,920 9.833,045 4,891,978 25,335 8,411 2, 408 80 $948,639 158,116 43,000 1,300 10, 285 $233,534 GOLD, ETC., IN EASTERN AND CE The value of the silver, lead, and zinc ship was $7,089,018 in 1932 compared with $1 auantity of silver recovered from ore and con declined from 40,000 ounces in 1931 to 1,1 quantity of recovered lead declined from 117,159 tons in 1932 and that of recovered zi The silver recovered came from residues derived from lead ore mined in southeastern lead concentrates (of which only 646 tons w 164,484 tons compared with 225,547 tons 1932, 162,989 tons were shipped from mines and averaged 72.7 percent lead; the reco 116,152 tons in 1932 compared with 158,960 Shipments of lead concentrates from Missouri comprised 849 tons of galena and 6 The average lead content of the galena fro in 1932 was 75.6 percent, and the average p sold mainly in small lots, was about $30. of galoha concentrates in the Tri-State o although indicating the trend of prices, did to sellers of galena concentrates. Sellers o quoted price or less, whereas sellers of c totaling several hundred tons, were paid $ prices. # Practically all the zinc concentrates ship in 1932 were from properties in southwe about 2 cars of blende concentrates we ern Missouri mines. The total quantity shipped from Missouri in 1932 was 1,618 tons from 1931. The blende concentr Missouri had an average zinc content of 59 average price of $16.37 a ton. The shipments of zinc silicate in 1932 c western Missouri; they amounted to 404 to 1931) and averagod about 39.8 percent in z silicate was a milled product os there was and all was purchased at a flat price as ther 1932. Tho total value of lend and zinc c southwestern Missouri decreased from $149 1932. The total value assigned for the 16 centrates shipped from southeastern M ($4,941,067 less than in 1931). The quantity of crude ore and old tailin 1932 totaled 3,786,600 tons. The total amo of lead and zinc concentrates sold in 1932 w of $1.31 per ton of crude ore and old tailings in 1931). There was a very small demand for high trates in 1932, and no premium was paid for did not desire to purchase lead-free zinc con containing more than 60 to 60.5 percent zinc were purchased more eagerly than jig or change in preference of ore buyers is due to t are equipped to re-treat the concentrates t 160 MINERALS YEARBOOK 1 lower prices and also save much of the lead contained in such zinc | concentrates. The new and more efficient milling plants usually can | make sphalerite concentrates averaging as high as 63+ percent in | zinc content. The general average zinc content of the concentrates 1 sold in the Tri-State region in 1932 was about 1 percent more than in i 1931, notwithstanding the fact that a considerable part of the 1932 j shipments were concentrates made in 1931. Several largo mills which j were producing 61 to 63 percent sphalerite concentrates are keeping j the content at 60 percent or less, and the concentrates now held in i mine bins include very little flotation products or low-grade jig and table concentrates. Prices quoted in 1932 were not paid for some of ; the zinc concentrates shipped in 1932, as they were sold under special : contract, and a large quantity was shipped to smelters for smelting with the proviso that the metal recovered was to be held subject to control of the shipper of the concentrates. Only a few small mines and mills were operated in southwestern Missouri in 1932. Most of the lend concentrates were produced by small lessees and sold in small lots. The zinc carbonate sold in 1932 was mainly from tlio Aurora and Wentworth camps. Two thirds of the sphalerite was shipped by operators in the Waco camp who leased the properties formerly worked by the Missouri-Kansas Zinc Cor poration. Small shipments were also made from mines near Granby, Joplin, Oronogo, Fidelity, and Webb City. _ . The lead ore (3,740,200 tons) mined in the disseminated-lead district in southeastern Missouri yielded 4.36 percent of galena concentrates averaging 72.7 percent lead. As the operators mine and smelt their lead concentrates the assigned value of $30.01 a ton is more or less arbitrary. Of the 227 tons of galena produced by operators of shallow diggings most was purchased and shipped by T. F. Blount of Potosi. The Annapolis mine and mill in Iron County were idle; the remainder of the galena shipped was produced by the National Lead Co. (St. Louis) and the St. Joseph Lead Co. The five mills of the St. Joseph Lead Co., which have a daily capacity of 17,000 tons, milled about 3,056,000 tons of crude ore--about 75 percent of the quantity treated in 1931. From about March 1 to December 31 the mines were operated at about 50 percent of capacity. The National Lead Co. (St. Louis Smelting & Refining Co.) operated its 3,500-ton mill in 1932 at about 73 percent of its 1931 rate. Oklahoma.--The average zinc content of sphalerite from Oklahoma increased from 59.9 percent in 1931 to 60.9 percent in 1932. The zinc content of the concentrates made from crude ore averaged 61 percent, and some of the concentrates assayed 63 percent. The zinc content of sphalerite made from .old tailings increased from 59.5 percent in 1931 to 60.3 percent in 1932. Many mills were idle in 1932: others were operated part of the year. Very little profit- could be made by operators even when liigh-grado crude ore was treated. Generally the work was distributed among as many employees as possible; in some instances miners were permitted to work upper levels on a restricted weekly output basis, and the output was purchased by the owner of the mine. The wrecking of many old plants and the erection of the largest mill in the district by the Eagle-Picher Mining & Smelting Co. provided an unexpected use of labor and supplies which partly mitigated the idleness in the district. The new mill was put in operation early in the fall of 1932 (although GOLD, ETC., IN EASTERN AND not run at capacity) on ore mined at v ported in standard railway cars. A con made daily are loaded direct on cars for r About 40 mines and tailing mills and operating at different times during 193 concentrates were made from several idle About 1,000 tons of the galena and 2 were flotation products. It is estimated of the concentrates made in 1933 will be . Mine shipments of lead and zinc in Okla District Lead concentrates Zinc concentr (galena) (sphalerite Short tons Valuo Short tons Val Miami................................... Peoria.................................... Quapaw and Sunnyslde___ Total, 1931............................... 48 57 13.649 17,005 $4Q5. 411 111,830 1,000 1,880 6,440 468,891 118,276 780,719 148,112 $2,076 10 2, 17 3,540 I and : given for the ore Is that actually received by the|producer, wh ciliated from tbe average price for all grades. Tenor of lead and zinc ore, old tailings. and slime in Oklahoma, 1931 Crud Total ore, etc., milled......................................... short tons.. Total concentrates shipped: Galena............................................................ Sphalerite...................................................... Ratio of concentrates to ore, etc.: Lead............................................................... Zinc................................................................. Meta) content of ore, etc.: Lead.............................................................. Zinc................................................................. Average lend content of galena concentrates ..........do___ Aversgo fine content of spholorlte concentrates..do___ Average vultio per ton: Galena concentrates.................................... Sphalerite concentrates............................ 2,20 1 12 $ $ Mine production of lead and zinc concentrates in Lead concentrates (mainly galena) District Short tons Value Miami............................................... Peoria................................................ Quapaw and Sunnyslde.................. 1,037,707 2,254 25.065 1,065,016 $90,408,208 110,703 2,239,226 62,70S, 107 162 MINERALS YEARBOOK The larger shippers of concentrates from mines near Commerce were the Lost Trail Mining Co. and the Covert Mining Co. The Quapaw and Sunnyside area had numerous small operators and shippers; its shipments of galena were only 57 tons, and 84 percent of the sphalerite shipped was concentrates made in 1931. Shipments of 1,369 tons of galena and 11,519 tons of sphalerite from the Douthat area were largely those of the Admiralty Zinc Co.; smaller shipments came from the Beck Mining & Milling Co. and the Continental Mining & Development Co., both of which were idle most of 1932, Mines near Hockerville shipped 480 tons of galena and 18,182 tons of sphalerite. Most of the sphalerite was from ore or tailings milled in 1930 or 1931 by the St. Louis Smelting & Refining Co. Other shippers were C. Y. Semple (Brewster tailings), Jager Mining Co., Blue Bonnet Mining Co., Roberts Mining Co., Thurston Mining Co., and Smith Davis Co. The mines and mills in Picher made a much smaller output in 1932 than in 1931, and a large part of the sphalerite sold was from old tailings. The large shippers were the EaglePicher Mining & Smelting Co. and its sublessees, the Retriever Mill ing Co. (tailing mill), Just Right Milling Co. (tailing mill), Midway Mining Co., and Davis Big Chief Mining Co. Mines in the CardinTar River area shipped 8,411 tons of galena and 63,839 tons of sphalerite in 1932, a considerable part of which was concentrates made in 1931. The larger shippers were the Myers Milling Co., Interstate Zinc & Lead Co., and W. H. Aul & Co. from old tailings milled and from mines of the Commerce Mining & Royalty Co. (3 mines), Evans Wallower Lead Co. (2 mines), Velie Mining Corpo ration, Vinegar Hill Zinc Co., Dines Mining Co., Rialto Mining Corporation, and Eagle-Picher Mining & Smelting Co. (Central ana Domado mills). Wisconsin.--The National Zinc Separating Co. at Cuba City was the only roasting plant operated in Wisconsin in 1932 and treated practically all the zinc concentrates except the high-grade flotation concentrates made by the Badger Zinc Co. Only four mines had an appreciable output. The total value of the concentrates shipped in 1932 was about 60 percent of that in 1931. Very little prospecting was done, and no new mills were built. The larger shipments came from the Badger Zinc Co. at Linden and from the Vinegar Hill Zinc Co. which operated 2 mines at Hazel Green and 1 at Shullsburg. Mine production of lead and zinc in Wisconsin, 1931-82 Year Lead concentrates Zlno concentrates Sphalerite Metal content Lead * Zlno Short tons Value Short tons Value Short tons Value Short tons Value 1931................................. 1932................................. 1,307 $59,277 1.312 38,493 34,200 $317,272 28.133 178,326 952 $70.448 910 64,600 10,088 $766,688 7, 522 451,320 In calculating tbe metal content of the ores from assays allowance has been made for roasting and smelt* lag losses of both lead and zinc. In comparing the values of ore and metals it should be borne in mind that tbe value given for the ore is that actually received by tbe producer, whereas tbe value of tbe lead and zinc Is calculated from tbe average price for all grades. GOLD, ETC., IN EASTERN AND Tenor of lead and zinc ore and concentrates p 19 Total ore.*.............................................................short tons.. Total concentrates In ore: 00 Lead......................................................................percent.. Zinc.............................................................................do___ Metal content of ore: "' Lead....................................................... do Zinc.............................................................. do___ Average leadcontent of galena concentrates............do___ Average zlno content of sphalerite concentrates.,do... Average zinc content of zlno carbonate concentrates percent. Average value per ton: Galena concentrates....................................................... . ( Sphalerite concentrates................................................. . Zinc carbonate concentrates........................................ . 182217--33------12 360 MINERALS YEARBOOK cutting material patented by McKenna " combines tungsten and/or molybdenum with the tantalum carbide. The use of tantalum as a binder and otherwise in conjunction with tungsten carbide received further attention in 1932. A better demand for columbium is predicted in the form of the twin carbides (tantalum-columbium) for use in welding as well as in cutting tools. Imports.--Imports of tantalum ores into the United States jumped to 36,131 pounds valued at $51,033 in 1932; this compares with 6,288 pounds in 1931, 8,474 pounds in 1930, and about 15,250 pounds in 1929 (previous record). World production.--Except for a few small and sporadic shipments the world supply of high-grade tantalite has come from Australia, principally from the Pilbarra field of Western Australia. A Rhodesian concern, however, is reported recently to have offered 5 tons of highgradeore (72 percent Ta206) monthly. In the production statistics of British India a small quantity (100 pounds, valued at 4) of columbite was reported ns produced in the Monghyr district, Bihar and Orissa, in 1931. TELLURIUM During 1932, as in 1931, only two companies reported a production of tellurium, and the Bureau of Mines is not at liborty to publish the amount. In 1930 three producers reported an output of 14,095 pounds and sales of 4,717 pounds valued at $7,996. The price of the metal is still more or less nominal. Throughout 1932 the quotation was $2 a pound, f.o.b. New York. Uses.---Tellurium, oven more than its sister element selenium, was long considered a metallurgical abomination. Its presence not only complicated the extraction of valuable metals from their ores, but the metalloid itsolf exhibited certain highly unpleasant properties. An enormous amount of laboratory time and effort was expended in the search for commercial uses for tellurium but with almost universally disappointing results. In one of the most promising fields, as an antiknock addition to gasoline, it was quickly displaced by tetra ethyl lead. Of real importance was tho startling discovery by U. C. Tainton that the element is a most valuable reagent for purification of zinc solutions at western electrolytic plants, and almost 90 per cent of the domestic output was used for this purpose in 1930.30 The quantity required is about 13 pounds per ton of zinc. In 1932 serious attention was directed to the successful use of tellurium as a rubber compounding material. It is said to increase resistance of rubber to heat, to be effective in revitalizing old rubber, and to improve aging qualities. The bloom that frequently accompanies the use of selenium is absent when tellurium is employed. Much attention, especially in Europe, hns recently been given to the use of tellurium as a lead hardening agent. Researches on the use of tellurium in glass making indicate that the color-producing tendencies are like those of selenium, but no commercial applications have yet been made. >* McKenna, P. M. (assignor to Vnoadlum Alloys Steel Co.), Composition of Matter (Tungsten* Tantalum Carbide Alloy): U.S. Patent 1848800, Mnr. 8.1032. 10 Chemical aod Metallurgical Engineering, Editorial Staff Report on Electrochemical Developments Discussed at Baltimore--Annual Meeting of Electrochemical Society, April 21-23, 1932: Vol. 39, no. 5, May 1932, pp. 276-278. MINOR META TITANIUM The domestic production of titanium of the order of several hundred tons of or rfioro of ilmcnite annually. The actu published without revealing individual Corporation of America undertook th ferrocarbon-titnnium. As in former ye also made by the Titanium Alloy Manuf free ferro-alloy was made by the Me The Titanium Pigment Co. (subsidiar and the Krebs Pigment & Color Corp continued to be the loading manufac The former company, after seeking a s reported to have selected a site on th Amboy or Sayreville, N.J. Prices.--The prices of titanium pigm for about a decade as a result of econom stationary in 1931 and experienced only justments in 1932. The pure dioxide mained unchanged at 21 cents (barrels) respectively, a pound. Thero were tw price of titanium-calcium pigment, brin Dags) to 6 conts, compared with 7 cents the year. The new contract price of $ carbon-titanium (15 to 18 percent tita producers' plants, freight allowed), initi continued throughout 1932. The price of ilmenite, though nomin per long ton for high-grade imported o dioxide), seaboard, tended to be slight ample, the quotation at the end of th ($11.75 to $12.70) a metric ton, compar of 1931 and 400 to 425 francs early in cents a pound for domestic rutilo, gua concentrate, has not been changed for price of 45 a ton is mentioned, equiva Metallic titanium was quoted at $5 percent quality; the new 96 to 98 perce market at $6, delivered New York. Uses.--Titanium in the form of carb added to the list of superhard cutting m said to contain titanium carbide (and n carbide and the other usual ingredient material. Another new development mercial use of titanium dioxide, under t coating material for onionskin paper. metal, containing 96 to 98 percent tita nary 75 percent product, was placed o Gold-und Silber-Scheideanstalt; it is Germany, from American rutile. . A review of the technical literature interest in titanium additions for con various steels, including rail steel, stain 362 MINERALS YEARBOOK The new alloys of copper and titanium were studied further, particu larly with respect to their marked age-hardening properties and cor rosion resistance. Beneficial effects arc produced in sundry aluminum- copper alloys hy treatment with a fraction of 1 percent of titanium. New uses reported for titanium salts include their employment in primary electric batteries and in forming a corrosion-resisting coating on steel. ... . As a constituent of glass titanium dioxide, cuts down the selective transparency for short wave lcngf.hs. Consequently, according to a recent American abstract of a. German patent,*1" the. addition of up to 2 percent titanium dioxide is recommended to inhibit the coloration of certain kinds of glass upon prolonged exposure to sunlight or light of short wave length. As usual, a variety of new processes and patents are reported in connection with the manufacture of titanium pigments from ilmenite. Mention may he. mad*', of a. method for making the dioxide from rutile; a, finely ground briquetted mixture of magnesia (I part) and rutilo (2 parts) with enough carbon to reduce ferric oxide is heated at 1,410 C., forming the tita.na.te (MgTi()3), which is dissolved in sul phuric acid and subsequently hydrolysed.3* Titanium chloride is the raw material in another process in which the volatilized salt is oxi dized in tho flame of a burning gas.33 _ Imports.--Imports of ilmenite amounted to 33,491 long tons in 1932 valued at $231 ,(!.r)2 compared with 29,837 tons valued at $144,951 in 1931 and a previous maximum of 22,380 tons valued at $104,887 in 1929. The increase in the declared value from $4.85 per ton in 1931 to $6.92 in 1932 is noteworthy in view of the. sharp drop in the exchange value of the rupee. As in the previous years, imports were all from British India, the. dominant source of world supply. The beach deposits of tho Truvanoore. State, along the extreme south westerly shore of the Indian Peninsula, contributed more than 80 percent of the known output of all countries in 1931 and possibly an even larger percentage in 1932. Although British controlled, this output is consumed mainly in the United States. The imports of rutile jumped to 170,393 pounds valued at $4,508 compared with 2,000 pounds valued at $189 in 1931. REVIEW BY STATES Arkansas.--The Titanium Corporation of America, at Malvern, Hot Springs County, Ark., reported an output of 100 tons of ilmenite and 40 tons of rutile, none of which was shipped due, to lack of market. Brookite occurs in this vicinity, which is not far from the deposit at Magnet Cove. According to the. trade press,34 another company, the Rock Port Minerals, Inc., Malvern, Ark., wa.s preparing to erect a plant with a daily capacity of 0 tons of titanium concentrates, con struction to begin about December 1, 1932. Virginia.--Tlio new plant of the Southern Mineral Products Cor poration, which came into production in 1931, was closed early in 1932; it was subsequently reopened but only for the production of n Sociftfi Anooonyrao ties Manufactures des Qlaccs et Prodults Chlrnlqucs de 8t. Gobaln, Cbauny 4c Olrcy, Glass: Gorman Patent M3095, .Ian. 12, 1027; Cheru. Abs., vol. 20, May 10, 1032, p, 2600. u Lutowsky, 8. J. (Assr. to Molul A Thermit Corporation), Manufacture of Mngneslum Tltanate: U.S. Patent 1843127. Fob. 2, 1032. Mittasch, Alwln, Lucas, Richard, nud Grlcssbach, Robert (to I. O. Farbenlnd. A.-G.), Titanic Oxide: U.S. Patent 18S01M, Mar. 22. 1032. i* Rock Products. Voi. 35, d o . 23, Nov. 10, 1032, p. 54. MINOR METAL calcium-acid phosphates (for baking pow body of this company contains an ave titanium dioxido, which is almost all separators in tho form of an ilmenite con percent titanium dioxide, which may be in another section of the plant, or shipp manufacture of fcrrocarbon-litanium by In 1932, as in former years, the Ameri of the Metal & Thermit Corporation) from its properties at Roselaud, Nelson new tables being installed and better class were reported during tho several months Tho Bureau of Mines hn.s icceivod num and rutilo from Bedford County, and lat of this chapter with Dr. Frank L. Hess, Bureau, visited an occurrence of nclson Va. No deposits of titanium ores of however, have yet, been found in this vic * THE INDUSTRY IN FOREIG Australia.--Tho first factory to prod Australia was nearing completion in 1932 from Melbourno and will employ ilme deposits on King Island about 130 mile sands of New South Wales indicate the centrates consisting mainly of zircon, ilm 2 to 8 percent of other minerals.3" Thes in the post lor gold and platinum, but reported to bo working the sands on th and rutile. Beach Sands Mining Co. h and is producing 50 tons of concentra Black Head Mineral Co. is treating its c small experimental output of rutile has South Australia near Yankalilla Gorge. Canada,.--There was no production of 1932. Ilmenite, containing in places as occurs in large deposits in the St. Urbain Quebec, about 7 miles north of Baic St shore of the St. Lawrence River about 6 of Quebec, Shipments of ilmenito or export to the United States havo been several years, amounting to 1,509 shor 1931. The genesis of theso deposits has who after extensive field work in 1930were formed by replacement in previou were deposited from solutions derived reservoir from which tho anorthosite h time before. An analysis of a deposit diabase shows Fe 43.62, Ti03 21.96, P30 percent. ii Hunt, Rnlph D., American Vice Consul nt Melbourne, T Australia: World Trade Notes on Chemicals, etc., lluroau o no. 62, Dec. 20, 1032, p. 0. i* Whitworth, II. r. Mineralogy and Origin of the Natur Wales: Jour. Proc. Royal Soc. N. S. Wales, vol. 05, 1931, pp. it Chemical Engineering and Mining Review: Vol. 24, no. 2 11 Glllson, Joseph L., Uonesis of the Ilmenite Deposits o Econ. Geo)., vol. 27, no. 0, September 1932, pp. 654-677. 364 MINERALS YEARBOOK . France.--The production of titanium white in France was begun in 1923, and the annual output by two producers is estimated at. about 600 tons. Plans are contemplated for expanding output.3' ' French M7est Africa.--Black sands occur all along the Senegal, coast and southward in French Guinea and (British) Sierra Leone. Commercial exploitation has been confined to the stretch between ( Rufisque and the mouth of the Gambia, where the sands are rich in ilmenito due to decomposition of the basaltic rocks of Cape Verde and Corel Island, the principal centers being in the vicinity of Joal near the mouth of the Saloum. A good grade of ilmenite (50 percent titanium dioxide) is readily separated from the associated minerals, which include zircon, garnet, magnetite, etc. A maximum of 7,240 metric fens was produced in 1929. Italyr--According to a recently published review *40 the production . of titanium white in Italy is increasing. Manufacture of this prod uct was undertaken in 1925, and in 1930 the output had risen to 1,400 metric tons. Titanium white is manufactured by one Milanese firm, which treats titanium ore with sulphuric acid. Russia.--A large paint and varnish factory with a projected out put of 12,000 tons was scheduled to be built in 1932 at Cheliabinsk in the Urals.41 * Unofficial reports are to the effect that some 50 million rubles are to be expended in building 13 plants with an aggre gate capacity of 150,000 tons of titanium white, lacquers, and mixed paints. _ Attention was directed to the smelting of Ural titaniferous magnetite, with the recovery of iron, titanium dioxide, and vanadium as joint products. Rock salt is added to the coal before coking, replacing part of the lime in the subsequent blast furnace smelting operation. Slags with 43 percent titanium dioxide were obtained in laboratory furnace, and subsequently43 operation on a large scale has been successful. Sierra Leone.--In the vicinity of York and Hastings, on the coast of Sierra Leone, small quantities of ilmenite, assaying 50 percent or more titanium dioxide, are recovered as a byproduct in mining alluvial platinum.43 In 1931 an output of 10 tons was officially reported. United Kingdom.--To provide a British source of titanium pig ments for the Empire market a new plant was under construction near Luton by National Pigments, Ltd., a subsidiary of the Imperial Smelting Corporation, and Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd.. Goodlass Wall & Lead Industries, Ltd. of England, and the National Lead Co., and Titan Co. of America are reported to be jointly inter ested in this development. The Imperial Smelting Corporation is. also engaged in production of other pigments. * Commerce Reports, Expansion of French Paint and Varnish Industry: Bureau of Foreign and DO' ? mestlc Commerce, no. 17, Apr. 25, 1932, pp. 213-215. ` 40 Chemicol Ago (London), White Pigments in Italy; Notable Increase In Production of Titanium WblU: } Vol. 27, no. 702, Dec. 10, 1932, p. 554. 41 Economic Review or the Soviet Union, Paint Factory to be built in Cheliabinsk: Vol. 7, Apr. 1, 1932, p. 107. 41 Brltzke, E. V., Shmanenko, I. V., and Taglrov, K. Kh., Utilization of Ural Titano-Magnetltes Based , on the Work of the Institute of Applied Mineralogy: Mineral. Suir'e, vol. 0,1931, pp. 020-030; Chem. Abi,. v vol. 20, July 10, 1032, p. 3402. 43 Minin* Journal (London): Vol. 179, no. 5009, Oct. 15, 1932, p. 093. MINOR METALS World production of titanium mine Mineral ffbd country 1031 Ore produced Conteot ofTIOi Value 1 ' Ilmenite: Brazil........................ Canada (Quebec)... India (Travancore)., Norway....................... Portugal..................... Senegal *..................... Sierra Leone.............. United States............ Rutile: Norway L.......... ..... United States............ Metric tone 1,369 30. 740 6,000 152 1,074 10 (<> 21 o) Percent 18-25 54 44 50 47 W 90-93 (<) $9,88 190.42 47,00 04 14,31 0,01 c) 1 Values as officially reported, converted to United States currenc as published by the Federal Reserve Board. * Exports. 1 Data not available. LBureau ef Mines not at liberty to publish figures. Concentrates. zir c o n iu m Production of zirconium minerals in the irregular and almost insignificant, except fo ations at Pablo Beach, which culminated in tons in 1927. No domestic production has although consideration has been given the p as well as ilmenite from black sands in gold and other Southeastern States. Zirconium minerals are widely distribute are few, being mostly water-concentrated conium, usually as zircon, is a joint product such as ilmenite and monazite. Prices.--The quotations for zirconium pr nominal, are modified infrequently and we by the downward movement of general c ore, 55 percent, has remained stationary fo $45 a short ton, f.o.b. seaboard, in 30-t ."Zirkite" (natural ZrOj) the quotation re : cents a pound for 65 to 70 percent grade, .use; no extra charge is made for fine powd ! through 200 mesh, which is sold as zirkite 80.cents to $1 each and "Zirconalba" (high at 80 cents to $1.10 a pound and the lower ide at around 30 to 43 cents a pound (a Zr02 content) were likewise quoted at the ' level as in former years. Early in the ye made in the price of zirconium-ferrosilicon (1 39 to 43 percent silicon), from $103.50 to ,.$97.50 to $105 per long ton. In December silicon-zirconium (35 to 40 percent zirconi con), which dropped from 16 to 19 cents a I pound. Zirconium metal of 98 percent pu ket since 1930; in 1932 it was quoted at $7 to quantity.