Document xGZEdwDNaxm2RRLdB08ZNjXb

.i . F imtem -Is '^riLtc aaife* Re c e iv e d OEC 2" 1S6I AUX pPS. DfPT. N11888 0007-SWP-000006562 :ro;:rp>:iJiT? a l z t ik k x i : a;i i i :.s juiiinz ^Snapan Kirkpatrick ' ' gscenber 22, I?6l . ' RECEIVED BEG 2 " ISfl m m. DOT. i?;:MF.r . . Available T-Yidesce indicates that lithopone is physiologically hardens. SCV7Z C7 THIS ?.ZKSRT .. '. An inquiry has bees aads regarding the safety of employing lithopone as cr, ir.gr aaisnt in plastics U3sd for dishes and tablsKsrs. It is possible with this cizz that braces' of lithopone would cons Sato contact with food, and it is possible, altkoujh :-.i|hly rasliksly, that traces might actually.enter food. Hence, there is a need for isforeatioa as- to' whether iiiboiMae .'ia'-:tcadC: and-as to whether it; is earednogrr lto saspsridaolal *url: van done for this report, butinferzaation available la Chemical Abstracts and In available reference bods was. collected and summarised, u sons eases publications containing possibly relevant information were not avail abl;. and photostats were requested. A supplementary report will be Issued when thj ' additional aaterial is received. For reasons given below, however, the supplementary information is not likely to efaagni the picture. Faw reports are available on results of testing lithspons as such. Howe^or, ^ir.cs lithopone is a mixture of high purity barium sulfate and vine sulfide, it .is f .` - ' ' ' . ' - . helpful to exadna the evidence on the nontosic characteristics of each of these i:;o chemical substances separately. Since both are quite insoluble and do not react wi such other, there can b little doubt that lithopone is no more tonic than Its t:?o ingredients. . N11888.01 0007-SWP-000006563' 2 romqgxg o f zim s ih l f id e m u Only a fm esporinsisfea have bees reported In which a direst attest was -is: to determine the tesieity of alas, sulfide. ' In 1950,. J. L,, Gabby (1) of tbs Gllddes Compwy reported feeding mixtures of sine sulfide, sadadma sulfide, and barium sulfate'to rats in order t evaluate pigments used in compounding paint and blackboard crayons. Be reported that no demonstrable pathologic etang: occur. ' . . F. Hehs ssd E. Ste (2) reports in 1955 that they fed both 2nS and litfeopoM to rats at the. rate of 12 to 1*0 grams per kilogram of body weight withon; harm. They mm ab2 to feed rabbit 3 grams per mograrn without diffisulty, but ' the rabbits did sot tolerate 6 grams. (3 grams per.kilogram, tbs safe rate in rabbits, eorresponds to a dose of one-half posaad in an awrapt-elsed -bbs . ltd grams per 1 / kilogram would be a dose of six pounds for a human being.) ' .: '' Sabhy; J* Tosieity of Cadmium Sulfide and Cadmium Sulfoselenide Figments, Arch, ind, hyg. Occupational Msd. 1, 677-81* (1950), CA hk, 85le ' . 'thol. ifrargakol. 226, 1*21*-3U (1955), CA iS^JUjUS "C~ l`rt~" 0007-SWP-000006564 3 Bsrim sulfate is sufficiently' inert and unreaetive to pass throat the digestifs tract of wm without absorption. Consequently, it has been used for assay year in X-rsy'diagnosis of the baa digestive tract by feeding the patient a "barium nasal consisting of a water slurry of b&rius sulfate to render the tract visible. Ja recognition ef tills sad other facts, the Food and Brag Adninistratiori has authorised the use of barit sulfate as an ingredient in food additives result!. ; Seam contact with containers or oqulpaeat and food additives otherwise affecting toed. (3) '' V' .3 r (3) Federal Begistcr. Tuesday, August 8, 1951, pp. 70Sf 0007-SWP-000006565 HaBoapfflx m zm egmimas . . As Ziae Is^droi by jggsaO, Ctejgsdsptt . - '' . A good review of the biological significance of sins Ms bees prepared by . S. L. VaUee.(lt) Then is evidence that else eo^soeiids, as s bc M, ere neither topic nor carcinogenic bo lama beings or aaiaals. - lbs boat, evidence is this* As recently. shows, sfec is m essential trace element repaired in span ati for stompl physiological end setahelie processes in man, aafeels and plasts (li) . - - '. Tim first eea*t esqplaaatioB of .its node ef aetce mas given in 29lt0 efasn ' &iUn am mm (?) tbat tbe eapsie carbonic asiydrase contains 0,33% sine ' as an essemtfel part sf it asleep, and, tbas, that das is re^oired in tbe elimination of carbon diesddss fesm the. te%v . .- ' . ... ':{ . Its estaal basis fetal ef sins is UJ to 2? silUgreas per day, 'the sine* content of Innas organs varies'fron 20 to 200 aicregraas per gran of wt tisane. Apparently m Hamm stores sine preferentially. ^be total anoont of sine is tbe bon body bas been estlaated to be two ^eas on tbe average. Bmsn . mole blood contains abesb fSQ etemograas of siao per IffiS ajUAlitwe. ik) . If asiaals are fed a diet eeastefetsg ao 'siao, s sins deficiency disoaee develops. A similar -disease fee been observed fe plants. .' Zinc is eonttaaoes^ eliminated feast tbe bnaa body at the rate of absat 10 ' raHligrass per day in fesee sad Sheet 0ii ailligreas in erine. . Ta & letter dated SkrehlS, X9?0, feoa Q. F. A* Stats, Hunger, Pignut Division, ITstr Jersey Zinc Conpuiy, to E; A. Ewre of Sbewdn^THiaws, a stateseat is qeoted from Dr. A. J. Letups, Chief, DiTision of Bwraeoolegy, Food and Deng Adsfeistration, to the effect that fesrgaaio salts of sine are acceptable fe food packaging if the V of the satsrial cenfeibetes less than $0 parts par dlllon to the food. Valise, le 2&, :. :CTifie.-~.ee of Zinc, pp. 669-47?, Ziac-fha r-.t-.I, Its Alloys and Cagggands. 0. H. Hethswsoa9 Editor, ACS Jtsssgraphiio. 1U2, SSSBSSa 15.59. . (5; Keilin D., and Hum, T., "Carbonic Anfoydrsses Purification and Haters of Enzyme75, Biocheia. J,, 3k. II63-4176 (I9it0) 0007-SWP-000006566 5 - -eWr- 0007-SWP-000006567 B agi^^jgasaai . , The Shove Section indicates that wy sm.ll anoante ef siae eeagoaads are termless aai aem><cisQgaie Larger amounts, sey eanse difficulty. Several eases of sine poisoning have bean reported. These fall into three categories g the - ingsstlea, of large amounts of sloe eeepssmds with food or drinks direct contact with mtm or aim seXtef the iahalstiaa of Mgb 'eaneantrations of feebly farmed" sine aside fumes. ' If a considerable quantity of a selahle aim salt Is ingested* the result is an seat and trsasitasy illness with mna sad vodtigg, diarrhea, -etc. 1 typioal oircaagstease producing this kind of illness is the d&'iiidsif ef large aussfeitias ef ' lemonade or ether acid feuit Juice which has bean prepwed ia a galvanised backet* m - container. The iUaae is usually shart^llved . (6) .. . * ih-geaeral* s Jj w and else salt arm well tolerated by the haasa wiw- ^es c&id fer' wsw fMrs hss been a constituent -ef "adhesive tape aad surgical bandages. Zbo aside ointment has beep prescribe far many skist conditloas while ealmdne lotion (mainly sine asdds) is & standard.treatment- fer sashskis inflametlans as that resulting from poison ley. (?) There tunes-been reports ef dermatitis dee to contact with sine salts' hot this same to be s very ram eeowreaee. (h) A contact dermatitis attributable to eatpoeuge to sine chromic has been observed end is reports to be troublesome* persistent* sad relatively disfigariisg. Eewsver* the ekromete* end 'not the sins* is presaged to the the offending agent.(8) ; A sever* iBaess has been reported in workers who 'have Inhaled fusee of flreshly prepared sine aside* although equally high concentrations ef sine aside dost formed . " '.ere than a few boors before exposure are repsrisdly without effect. (9) The condition, kssn in sine smelters -as "atal feme fever" or "sine Shakes" is poorly understood. lSJ~~T%TIMa8lia?^X aiS^sniikwT*^.j1*.^Asutte Poisoning by the Zinc aad Antimany Conte in Mraaade Prepared.in a Galvanised Iron Can." Military Surgeon. 80, 6? (193?) (?) Jgw-Hercfc Mmaai of. DtaewaeiK and Therapy, Wblishod by Hrek, Sharpe and Doehme , Tenth Sditioa, 1961, pp. Di58 , .' (3) Hall, AJ., "Occupational Contact Dermatitis Among Aircraft Workere," J. Am. Mad. Assoc., 125, 179 Whh) " (9) Clinton, M., **. and Drinks , P., "Industrial Poisoning by Metals*-" p. 758, Americas Society for Metals, Cleveland, Ohio, 191x8 " handbook- 6 -ipgrop^or^---- ,j,,ij| j . -n-i rmr>iiBit -- aiiimin Mam. miiftai'a . mu MaaeiMHM.aaA If wa. may expect. that the ingestion of snail quantities. of sine sulfide be harmless as far as ib sine contout is concerned, there resales the question of whether sqr difficulty- night be caused by the sulfide pert of the molecule. ' It should first be noted that sins sulfide is exceedingly insoluble. Hie solubility product of sin sulfide is given in handhole as 1.2 x IS*8. Sons indication of the hnard &o* ingesting snail traces of sulfides can be gained by esamtelag the toxicity ef iron sulfide, which, though relatively insoluble, has a somewhat M#or soMdlity them sine suEde, (% 3.7 x 1"*). ferrous sulfide was found to be naetcsle when given by mouth is as iseestigaticn' by C... .0.. Sen.fc_ essea.'{3. ,0) - HnsefABIUri fBSB *"-------:----------- , , .. . i .$ lh evaluating plastic'wap^rs end containers for packaging food, one.of tSm. ' Titeria used by the Feed and Brug :Administration is inforsEtie on whether'any material is extracts fee the peerage into the food. 3b determine eetraeidbility, ths package to be tested is mpeaad for a considerable period of time at 135"F. ' to ths following' .solventst distilled water, 3$.sodium chloride slsticE, 3J8 acetic acid solution, 3$ sodium bicarbonate solatia, 2QS sucrose solution containing 1$ citric acid adjusted to pS 3.#* liquid food fat sash as a vegetable oil er lard oil, and aqueous ethyl alechsl of the- appropriate concentration (needed only fer alcoholic beverage mm) . - : It would seem that if the plastic ddanemere is of a quality the average customer wdd accept, .tbs amount of smterial ostreeted team it by these .solvents would be, in effect, sere. This ebnM be fairly easy to.demonstrate, should it become necessary, - by-the manufacturer. ` . '10) C. 0. Santeseon. fhs effect of iron and osnastteus sulfides, Skamd. Arch. Hysicl. 79, 169=92 (1938) GA |2, 927S :! ' 0007-SWP-000006568 -T- from the above' iaforisatios, it wouM appear likely, not only that litfaopoa is hanEieffis,. tot thst it sight tda Qorernnant approval for the proposed asss. . TOOTHS. TOUT ' If m desire to aaswsr' tbe question of toother tasposure to Hthopaae tends to predas caases5, m sight nil discover that the records of tbs Ossrk Ssslting and Mining Gosptfsy at Goffeycill, Ease, eoatsin tbs best evidence to to fend saytoere- in tbs Baited States, ' \ : '- '... '. etei&r sfcufep sixIlBr to tost tbs tastojeaa Salting asi efiwtag Goajsnf did far taltlng and IsfJsiag Geapeqy bad a study asds bjr Shows' S. fists, X, S., ia toiell tbs death reports.of.all .satin. nplsyaes axsd peasiflmrs for the years 1$! to 19S9 mm coSaeetei and aadynd. She ensssof death end tbs psresatage of deaths f*oa earner df'nrloas typos mm tabulated. Bates of eases? of sartors in the temeimn Ssslting and Bcfiaieg arsenic plant were coopered with aisilar data for sostors ia othsr pleats of tbs suss eoapeay and it sas feani that than ess no ' significant diffareas. Ks, areals apparently does mi c @bs easaer. - - ' It say be ab^estad that tbs. .as^l* ms too nail. Esnw, it is tbs biggest saaple toish eoald to obtained of people ids bad been satpasad to arsenie is large quantities and. If n mated to do a sisilar etady op Uthopone, tbe evidence of tbs cause of death of people ia oar on Hthopene plant in Coffeyvills sight to tbe eery beet - isfenaation available aaytosre. It maid sake aa interesting study. TKsJa 0007-SWP-000006569 nrnmmsmrn - It is 'well to re^eEphasise that a mmrmtfm from H. E Spitsap m. - 9, 3S$9* designated the director of the Analytical Research Department as the laditidsai who %oaM aet as advisor, consultant and coordinator of all . technical Usages ad should approve as& rmqmsts for tonicity clearance.1* nssf the correct procedure would he. to clear with Janes MstManesg of cur Mm3jtiealJReteareb Departaessfe before saying anything to anyone outside our Company regarding the teadcity or handlsssnees of any predoat, regardless of the eteriel contained In this report. nt*w 0007-SWP-000006570