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SL 074604 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7-1-91 Edlno duration of the employee's employ ment. Upon termination of an employ ee's employment. Including retirement or death, or In the event that the em ployer ceases business without a suc cessor, records, or notarized true copies thereof, shall be forwarded by registered mall to the Director. (11) Records required by this para graph shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representa tives. and the Assistant Secretary In accordance with 29 CPR 1910.20 <a>(e) and (g)-(i>. These records shall also be provided upon request to the Direc tor. (lli) Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the em ployer a statement of the employee's suitability for employment In the spe cific exposure. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 12180081) (39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974. Redesignated at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975. and amended at 41 FR 35184. Aug. 20. 1978; 43 FR 49751, Oct. 34. 1978; 45 FR 35282, May 23, 1980; 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30.1984) 9 1910.1017 Vinyl chloride. (a) Scope and application. (1) This section Includes requirements for the control of employee exposure to vinyl chloride (chloroethene). Chemical Ab stracts Service Registry No. 75014. (2) This section applies to the manu facture, reaction, packaging, repackag ing, storage, handling or use of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride, but does not apply to the handling or use of fabricated products made of polyvi nyl chloride. (3) This section applies to the trans portation of vinyl chloride or polyvi nyl chloride except to the extent that the Department of Transportation may regulate the hazards covered by this section. (b) Definitions. (1) Action level means a concentration of vinyl chlo ride of 0.5 ppm averaged over an 8hour work day. (2) Assistant Secretary means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occu pational Safety and Health, U.S. De partment of Labor, or his designee. (3) Authorized person means any person specifically authorized by the employer whose duties require him to enter a regulated area or any person entering such an area as a designated representative of employees for the purpose of exercising an opportunity to observe monitoring and measuring procedures. (4) Director means the Director, Na tional Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, or his designee. (5) Emergency means any occurrence such as, but not limited to. equipment failure, or operation of a relief device which is likely to, or does, result In massive release of vinyl chloride. (6) Fabricated product means a product made wholly or partly from polyvinyl chloride, and which does not require further processing at tempera tures, and for times, sufficient to cause mass melting of the polyvinyl chloride resulting In the release of vinyl chloride. (7) Hazardous operation means any operation, procedure, or activity where a release of either vinyl chloride liquid or gas might be expected as a conse quence of the operation or because of an accident in the operation, which would result In an employee exposure In excess of the permissible exposure limit. (8) OSHA Area Director means the Director for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Area Office having jurisdiction over the ge ographic area in which the employer's establishment Is located. (9) Polyvinyl chloride means polyvi nyl chloride horaopolymer or copoly mer before such is converted to a fab ricated product. (10) Vinyl chloride means vinyl chlo ride monomer. ,, (c) Permissible exposure limit (l)No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations greater than 1 ppm averaged over any 8-hour, period, and (2) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations great er than 5 ppm averaged over any period not exceeding 15 minutes. 138 | Occupatl nal Safety and Health Admin., Lab 1910.1017 (3) No employee may be exposed to monitoring and measuring required by vinyl chloride by direct contact with this paragraph. liquid vinyl chloride. (e) Regulated area. (1)A regulated (d) Monitoring. (1)A program of Ini area shall be established where; tial monitoring and measurement (1) Vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chlo hall be undertaken In each establlsh- ride is manufactured, reacted, repack i ment to determine If there is any em aged. stored, handled or used; and ployee exposed, without regard to the (11) Vinyl chloride concentrations are use of respirators. In excess of the in excess of the permissible exposure setion level. limit. (2) Where a determination conduct ed under paragraph (dXD of this sec tion shows any employee exposures, without regard to the use of respira tors, In excess of the action level, a i program for determining exposures for each such employee shall be estab lished. Such a program: (I) Shall be repeated at least month ly where any employee Is exposed, without regard to the use of respira tors, In excess of the permissible expo sure limit. (II) Shall be repeated not less than quarterly where any employee Is ex posed. without regard to the use of respirators. In excess of the action level. (III) May be discontinued for any em ployee only when at least two consecu tive monitoring determinations, made not less than 5 working days wart, show exposures for that employee at or below the action level. (3) Whenever there has been a pro duction, process or control change Which may result In an Increase In the release of vinyl chloride, or the em ployer has any other reason to suspect that any employee may be exposed In excess of the action level, a determina tion of employee exposure under para graph (dMl) of this section shsJl be performed. (2) Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons. If) Methods of compliance. Employee exposures to vinyl chloride shall be controlled to at or below the permissi ble exposure limit provided in para graph (c) of this section by engineer ing, work practice, and personal pro tective controls as follows: (1) Feasible engineering and work practice conti ols shall Immediately be used to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible exposure limit. (2) Wherever feasible engineering and work practice controls which can be Instituted Immediately are not suf ficient to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible exposure limit, they shall nonetheless be used to reduce exposures to the lowest practi cable level, and shall be supplemented by respiratory protection In accord ance with paragraph (g) of this sec tion. A program shall be established and implemented to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible expo sure limit, or to the greatest extent feasible, solely by means of engineer ing and work practice controls, as soon as feasible. (3) Written plans for such a program shall be developed and furnished upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assistant Secretary and the Director. (4) The method of monitoring and Such plans shall be updated at least measurement shall have an accuracy every six months. (with a confidence level of 95 percent) (g) Respiratory protection. Where of not less than plus or minus 50 per respiratory protection Is required cent from 0.25 through 0.5 ppm, plus under this section: or minus 35 percent from over 0.5 ppm (D The employer shall provide a res through t.O ppm, and plus or minus 25 pirator which meets the requirements percent over 1.0 ppm. (Methods meet of this paragraph and shall assure ing these accuracy requirements are that the employee uses such respira available In the "NIOSH Manual of tor, except that until April 1, 1976, 1 Analytical Methods"). wearing of respirators shall be at the (5) Employees or their designated discretion of each employee for expo representatives'/hall be afforded rea sures not In excess of 25 ppm, meas sonable opportunity to observe the ured over any 15-mtnute period. Until 139 SL 074605 9 !9:o.ioi7 April 1, 1076, each employee who chooses not to wear an appropriate respirator shall be informed at least quarterly of the hazards of vinyl chlo ride and the purpose, proper use, and limitations of respiratory devices. (2) Respirators shall be selected from among those jointly approved by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration. Department of the In- 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7-1-91 Edit! n) terior, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health under the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11. (3> A respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of 11910.134 shall be established and maintained. (4) Selection of respirators for vinyl chloride shall be as follows: Almoapharic concanttalxm ol m*l cHantU (I) Unknown, w abov* 3,800 p/m (I) Not ovar 3.800 p/m. (Mi) Not war t,000 p/m (tv) Not war 100 p/m .. (v) Not ovar 23 p/m . |vi) Not war 10 p/m . .. fWquvad appkfalut Opwvdroia, nlkMM WMihing ppa'tiut. prauuw <a<n*nd typ*. (A) GamUnaSan typo C arppjarl atr raaptraior, prasaura damand typa, aadi Ml or had tanapraca. and auaWary aatKontamad aa auppty; or (61 Combwiton typa. arppttad atr mpaatnr conknuoua How typa, with hd or halt tacaptaoa. and audkaty aak cootamad aa auppty Typa C. kfpiad atr /aapaamt, contnuoua iky* typa. with Ml or had lacapraca. hahnal or hood (A) Condwadon typa C luppkarl aa raapitatar damand typa, wtdt Ml taoaplaoa, and auvdary aad-contamad aa *44>*y; or (8) Opan-drcuA aad-conramad braathtng apparahia with lud tacapHca. In damand moda; or (C) Typa C aupltdad aa raapaator. damand typa. with Ml tacaptaca. (A) A powarad aa puraying raapaator with hood, hakwt. Ml or had lacapraca. and a caniatar which prowtaa a aarvloa Ida ol at laaai 4 houra lor concarvaliona at vinyl oMorida 141 to 28 p/m. or (B) Gaa math. Irani or back mountad caiaatar which providaa a aarvloa Ma ol at laaai 4 luma hyr ooncantraDona ol vtnyl chlorida 141 lo 28 p/m. (A) Con4vnabon typa C auppkwO av raapaator. damand lypa, wah had tacapiaca. and atitdiary ttH-amtuntd a> aipipiy or (B) Typ* C auppaaihak raapaator. damand typa. with had lacapraca. 01 (C| Any c/wmcai oaraddpa rajpvalcv wan an organic vapor canrtdpa which provMaa aantoa Ida ol at laaai 1 houi lor concamraaona ol vinyl ctdonda 14110 10 p/m. (fi)(i) Entry into unknown concentra tions or concentrations greater than 36.000 ppm (lower explosive limit) may be made only for purposes of life rescue; and (It) Entry Into concentrations of less than 36,000 ppm, but greater than 3,600 ppm may be made only for pur poses of life rescue, firefighting, or se curing equipment so as to prevent a greater hazard from release of vinyl chloride. (6) Where air-purifying respirators are used; (I) Air-purifying cannlsters or car tridges shall be replaced prior to the expiration of their service life or the end of the shtft in which they are first used, whichever occurs first, and (II) A continuous monitoring and alarm system shall be provided where concentrations of vinyl chloride could reasonably exceed the allowable con centrations for the devices In use. Such system shall be used to alert em ployees when vinyl chloride concentra tions exceed the allowable concentra tions for the devices In use. (7) Apparatus prescribed for higher concentrations may be used tor any lower concentration. (h) Hazardous operations. (1) Em ployees engaged In .hazardous oper ations, including entry of vessels to clean polyvinyl chloride residue from vessel walls, shall be provided and re quired to wear and use; (1) Respiratory protection In accord- . ance with paragraphs (c) and (g) of this section; and (11) Protective garments to prevent skin contact with liquid vinyl chloride 1 or with polyvinyl chloride residue j from vessel walls. The protective gar- f meats shall be selected for the operatlon and its possible exposure condi tions. (2) Protective garments shall be pro vided clean and dry for each use. 140 Occupational Safaty and Health Admin., Lobar 1910.1017 (1) Emergency situations. A written (k> Medical surveillance. A program operational plan for emergency situa tions shall be developed for each facili ty storing, handling, or otherwise using vinyl chloride as a liquid or com pressed gas. Appropriate portions of of medical surveillance shall be Insti tuted for each employee exposed, without regard to the use of respira tors, to vinyl chloride In excess of the action level. The program shall pro the plan shall be implemented in the event of an emergency. The plan shall specifically provide that: (1) Employees engaged In hazardous operations or correcting situations of existing hazardous releases shall be equipped as required In paragraph (h) of this section; vide each such employee with an op portunity for examinations and tests In accordance with this paragraph. All medical examinations and procedures shall be performed by or under the su pervision of a licensed physician, and shall be provided without cost to the employee. (2) Other employees not so equipped shall evacuate the area and not return until conditions are controlled by the (1) At the time of Initial assignment, or upon institution of medical surveil lance; methods required In paragraph (f) of this section and the emergency is abated. (1) A general physical examination shall be performed, with specific at tention to detecting enlargement of (J) Training. Each employee en gaged In vinyl chloride or polyvinyl liver, spleen or kidneys, or dysfunction In these organs, and for abnormalities chloride operations shall be provided training In a program relating to the hazards of vinyl chloride and precau tions for Its safe use. in skin, connective tissues and the pul monary system (See Appendix A). (ii) A medical history shall be taken, including the following topics: (1) The program shall Include: (A) Alcohol Intake; (1) The nature of the health hazard (B) Past history of hepatitis; from chronic exposure to vtnyl chlo ride Including specifically the carcino genic hazard; (C) Work history and past exposure to potential hep&totoxlc agents. In cluding drugs and chemicals; (11) The specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to vinyl (D) Past history of blood transfu sions; and chloride in excess of the permissible limit and necessary protective steps: (ill) The purpose for. proper use. and limitations of respiratory protective devices; (E) Past history of hospitalizations. (Ill) A serum specimen shall be ob tained and determinations made of: (A) Total bilirubin; (B) Alkaline phosphatase; (tv) The fire hazard and acute toxici ty of vinyl chloride, and the necessary (C) Serum glutamic oxalacetic trans aminase (SGOT); protective steps; (v) The purpose for and a descrip (D) Serum glutamic pyruvic trans aminase (SGPT); and tion of the monitoring program; (vi) The purpose for. and a descrip (E) Gamma glustamyl transpeptldase. tion of, the medical surveillance pro gram; (vll) Emergency procedures; (2) Examinations provided In accord ance with this paragraph shall be per formed at least: (vlil) Specific information to aid the employee In recognition of conditions (I) Every 6 months for each employ ee who has been employed in vinyl which may result in the release of vinyl chloride; and chloride or polyvinyl chloride manu facturing for 10 years or longer; and (lx) A review of this standard at the (II) Annually for all other employ employee's first training and indoctri ees. nation program, and annually thereaf (3) Each employee exposed to an ter. emergency shall be afforded appropri (2) All materials relating to the pro ate medical surveillance. gram shall pd provided upon request (4) A statement of each employee's to the Assistant Secretary and the Di suitability for continued exposure to rector. vinyl chloride including use of protec- 141 90 9 *z o 1910.1017 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7-1-91 Edition) tive equipment and respirators, shall Polyvinyl Chloride (or Trade Name) be obtained from the examining physi cian promptly after any examination. Contains A copy of the physician's statement Vinyl Chloride shall be provided each employee. (5) If any employee's health would Vinyl Chloride is a Cancer-Suspect Aoent be materially impaired by continued (5) Containers of vinyl chloride shall exposure, such employee shall be be legibly labeled either: withdrawn from possible contact with vinyl chloride. (1) (0) Laboratory analyses for all bio Vinyl Chloride logical specimens Included in medical examinations shall be performed in Extremely Flammable Gas Under Pressure laboratories licensed under 42 CFR Part 74. (7) If the examining physician deter mines that alternative medical exami nations to those required by para Cancer Suspect Agent or (ii) In accordance with 49 CFR Parts 170 through 189, with the addi tional legend: graph (k)(l) of this section will pro vide at least equal assurance of detect Cancer-Suspect Agent ing medical conditions pertinent to the exposure to vinyl chloride, the em ployer may accept such alternative ex aminations as meeting the require ments of paragraph <k)(l) of this sec tion, if the employer obtains a state ment from the examining physician setting forth the alternative examina tions and the rationale for substitu tion. This statement shall be available upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assistant Secretary and the Di rector. (1) Signs and labels. (1) Entrances to regulated areas shall be posted with legible signs bearing the legend: applied near the label or placard. (6) No statement shall appear on or near any required sign, label or in struction which contradicts or detracts from the effect of, any required warn ing, Information or instruction. (mi Records. W All records main tained in accordance with this section shall Include the name and social secu rity number of each employee where relevant. (2) Records of required monitoring and measuring and medical records shall be provided upon request to em ployees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accord ance with 29 CFR 1910.20 (a) through Cancer-Suspect Agent Area Authorized Personnel Only (e) and (g) through (i). These records shall be provided upon request to the Director. Authorized personnel rosters (2) Areas containing hazardous oper shall also be provided upon request to ations or where an emergency current the Assistant Secretary and the Direc ly exists shall be posted with legible tor. signs bearing the legend: (i) Monitoring and measuring Cancer-Suspect Agent in This Area Protective Equipment Required Authorized Personnel Only records shall: (A) State the date of such monitor ing and measuring and the concentra tions determined and identify the in (3) Containers of polyvinyl chloride struments and methods used; resin waste from reactors or other (B) Include any additional informa waste contaminated with vinyl chlo- tion necessary to determine individual Co ride shall be legibly labeled: employee exposures where such expo sures are determined by means other Contaminated With Vinyl Chloride than individual monitoring of employ Cancer-Suspect Agent ees; and (C) Be maintained for not less than (4) Containers of polyvinyl chloride 30 years. shall be legibly labeled; (ID [Reserved] 142 1 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor 1910.1018 (ill) Medical records shall be main Appendix A to 1 1910.1017--Supplementary tained for the duration of the employ Medical Information ment of each employee plus 20 years, or 30 years, whichever is longer. (3) In the event that the employer ceases to do business and there is no When required tests under paragraph <kKl> of this section show abnormalities, the tests should be repeated as soon as prac ticable, preferably within 3 to 4 weeks. If successor to receive and retain his records for the prescribed period, these records shall be transmitted by registered mall to the Director, and : each employee individually notified in - writing of this transfer. The employer shall also comply with any additional requirements set forth in 29 CFR 1910.20(h). (n) Reports. (1) Not later than 1 month sifter the establishment of a regulated area, the following informa tion shall be reported to the OSHA Area Director. Any changes to such in formation shall be reported within 15 days. (1) The address and location of each testa remain abnormal, consideration should be given to withdrawal of the employee from contact with vinyl chloride, while a more comprehensive examination is made. Additional testa which may be useful: A. For kidney dysfunction: urine examina tion for albumin, red blood ceils, and exfo liative abnormal cella. B. Pulmonary system: Forced vital capac ity, Forced expiratory volume at 1 second, and chest roentgenogram (posterior-anteri or. 14 x 17 inches). C. Additional serum tests: Lactic acid de hydrogenase, lactic acid dehydrogenase Isoenzyme, protein determination, and pro tein electrophoresis. D. For a more comprehensive examination on repeated abnormal serum tests: Hepatitis B antigen, and liver scanning. establishment which has one or more regulated areas; and (11) The number of employees in each regulated area during normal op- 139 FR 35896, Oct. 4, 1974; 39 FR 41848. Dec. 3, 1974, as amended at 40 FR 13211. Mar. 25, 1975. Redesignated at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975 and amended at 43 FR 49751, erations, including maintenance. Oct. 24. 1978; 45 FR 35282. May 23, 1980; 54 (2) Emergencies, and the facts ob FR 24334. June 7. 19891 tainable at that time, shall be reported within 24 hours to the OSHA Area Di 6 1910.1018 Inorganic arsenic. rector. Upon request of the Area Di (a) Scope and application. This sec rector, the employer shall submit addi tion applies to all occupational expo tional information in writing relevant sures to inorganic arsenic except that to the nature and extent of employee this section does not apply to employ exposures and measures taken to pre ee exposures in agriculture or result vent future emergencies of similar ing from pesticide application, the i nature. treatment of wood with preservatives (3) Within 10 working days following or the utilization of arsenically pre I any monitoring and measuring which served wood. ^discloses that any employee has been (b) Definitions. Action level means a exposed, without regard to the use of concentration of Inorganic arsenic of 5 respirators, in excess of the permissi- micrograms per cubic meter of air <5 1 ble exposure limit, each such employ- pg/m1) averaged over any eight (8) . ee shall be notified in writing of the hour period. results of the exposure measurement and the steps being taken to reduce the exposure to within the permissible exposure limit. Assistant Secretary means the As sistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa tional Safety and Health, U.S. Depart ment of Labor, or designee. - (0) effective date*, ill Until April 1. Authorized person means any person *1976, the provisions currently set specifically authorized by the employ Iforth in 11910.93q of this part shall er whose duties require the person to apply. enter a regulated area, or any person (2) Effective April 1, 1975. the provi- entering such an area as a designated ' lions set forth in { 1910,93q of this representative of employees for the spart shall apply. purpose of exercising the right to ob (Approved by 'the Office of Management serve monitoring and measuring proce and Budget under control number 1218-- dures under paragraph (e) of this sec N10) tlon. 143