Document x8pVdO5zebeYobQJmEoEBNoE

FILE NAME: Shell (SHEL) DATE: 1950 Apr 28 DOC#: SHEL009 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Memo RE Problems of Environmental Cancer in the Petroleum Industry SHELL D E V E L O P f o ^ ^ f r ANY TOFROM S U B JE C T . ' 2 '95 - .K. R / E D b S S t l l ffilB --- J fflSCfAfU^F- prU 28, 1950 C. H. HUE, H.D., CONSULTIeNMGERTYOVXIICUO-^LO--GIST CERTAIK HiOBUMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CANCER IK THE PETR0IR0M INDtJSTRT creased concern atout'^the'inclSncr^f cancer^n S ^ " ' 0 J" " M 7 "OIIrc an In Since it is my understanding that certain Departmental? vorlcLnE age group, occasion in the future to t o w an i n c r w L d m \ w*???7 1,111 *" volatile petroleum mixture,, I t o w prepr,d S e f o l ^ ,, f f " d non information. I can aee no cause for im^ttat. c o n c ^ ^ " "^andum for your the province of your group to have acceaa to i.r.. .. * "Ter As rightly occupational cancer. t0 infrtu,tl< shout the problem of causes an environmental carcinogen There ie cnn*4a *" * Wssues reprasants increase in cancer due t H ^ ^ U 0 ^ ^ in diagnosis and treatment doubtleaaly increase' t t o ^ L t o ^ 7*Ctors " there is little doubt that there is a ^ S u U w ^ ^ ' S T ' improvement environmental carcinogena. For e m e m n l H e r r ^ b ^ f ^ t o d "PCtn" rf number of lung cancers recorded during the oast AO w^ r t ^ ihcrease in the world. The emtrinaic origin of this etono-L.. * ^ froB " V P^rts of the increase has been more pronounced in males tha in fSfles" 5 At th a lack of proof that a sinrie eitrinir < /-" a188* At present there is development. It is well established that^ s wholly responaible for this physical and chemical properties may caufiM T ?r agonta ^ h highly different origin. Properties may cause puLnonaxy malignancies of occupational be traced \ o rt^ 7 -vironwntal cancer carcinogenic o u a l i t i e ^ ^ - " S "L ^ a r w n i T Miinea, in addition to -radio-active elements. . " * ben2l, and aromatic fined mixt^-e^of a r ^ ^ c h e n S ^ ^ completely known. The members of this crude mineral oils caraffin o-n g-,P oil era030ta and k S L n a ^ ' ,, & d r *" cauaed exposure to ill de f *" U ~ ?" pitch, asphalt, soot, s^^ possible mechanisms in producing cancer. Th^ COncer:ii^ thfi the known action of the aromati? amines and^ predicates a direct action on cellular subatrate TbiJ W d Q ^ interfering with normal cellular encymatic activity ^ b T ^ ^ S i ^ ^ i t i ^ 003343 - 2- ..reaulting in the formations.-of allergens. -A second theory relate a that car-ino- genfl^d not poaoeas.direet carcinogenic properties, but that they-act through.. changing bobs normal chemical constituent of the cell or. tissue fluid so tha- xt becomes endowed with carcinogenic properties. A third theory concerns ^ n t s vnich may cause quantitative or qualitative changes in sane indicate g and or the liver, which responds with a generation within the body of abnormal endogenous carcinogenic products. Cancers of this type may be p r S u c S W ^ toxxc agents such as azo dyes or chlorinated hydrocarbons. " 7 hfipato~ Human contacts with soot, carbon black Ditch Hnnhaif j t h^lP t i il, +0i1' luhrlcatin and oil, anthracene oil and otherrdisUa' txnations and fractionation products of coal and petroleum apparently cause th* majority of environmental cancers in man. 7 the The specific carcinogenic agent or agents in these products i. r,n+ a c U ^ t y l 1S Pr0babl that 3,1-benzpyrene account for at least a portion of thi^* Despite the observation that tar products, petroleum, and oil shale ^ ducts account for tb. m j o r i t y of envixcn^nt*! cM e.r iz, Grftf.r, on ing the incidence rate of cancer among the employees of an oil refinery did net fiod any s i g n i f i e d different from that of the geoaral populaUon. ^ i a M r ^ authority ^Occupational Cancer Problems atatee that he feels that the vSidity of T t o l T T i i T ' questionable, due to difficulty in obtaining factual data! T^ttifi1' 1 h! PrC " 0f UndertafcLne S survey among certain msmbers of the Institute wno have kept aoequate medical records; their report should be forthcoming in about a year. Information of a highly confidential type has reached me that Esso has conducted such a survey and has obtained information which is causing con siderable concern. The role which the inhalation of tar dust and fumes p l ^ i T the production of cancer in man is still unaettled. Animal experimental evidence shows that soot containing gasoline motor exhaust products cause cancer nf tv, i after inhalation or sarcoma of the subcutaneous tissue after injection in mice 1 S T * \ v,H!WeJer' th8 1UDg C" Car rate in Pittsburgh was found to be lower than that of any other large city surveyed with the exception of Denver. w , to Hueper has pointed out that the great majority of cancers which can bo traced to occupational origin in modern times have resulted from carcinogens which entered industrial processing during the last 50 years. In the following tablfare presented all- the known or commonly suspected chemical agents causing cancer that S s i t T w L ^ S ! il, f dr tr7* <* a gBnaral rule occupational cancers arise at ilth th the particular carcinogen has the moat prolonged and intense contact with the tissue. Consequently, we would expect the majority of cancers in the petroleum industry to occur on the skin, mucous membrane and surface organa CHH/mw cc: N. W. Jacobean R. R. Ward 003344 C. H. HIRE, H.D., Consulting Toxicologist CARTER 1C -50 Substance An~n~lne and derivatives Anthracene, crude Aromatic organic chemicals Asphalt Organ or System . 1 Bladder, ureter, kidney Skin Liver Skin Eye Benzidine and derivatives Benzol Benzol derivatives Bladder, ureter, kidney ~' Blood forming organs Blood forming organa Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (?) Liver Creosote Skin Lip Eye Mineral oil, crude Skin Lip Respiratory system Ujre Naphthylamine, beta Oil shale Bladder, ureter, kidney Skin Paraffin oil, crude Pitch Soot Spindle oil Tar i Skin Skin Lip Bladder Eye Skin Bladder Skin 00334 o Lip Skin Respiratory system Bladder Blood forming organa Eye 1 I I CARTER ----d _ i TABIZ 1 - Page 2, . . - of agents encountered in the petroleum industry elicit pre-canceroua r a t i o n , vhieh an. eharact^iatic to a e.rtaia ^ Qf = TM . egenta and which represent ^ iuws ^ ^ original normal tisane and the final r . n ho final cancer. In Table 2 ,, a enumerated certain of tha nor, C0Bmon of the,, . 6 wgetner with the portion of the 7 affected and a description of the lesion. 003346 CARTER ^ JKDi: Atrophy: StLn-groEly thlM a d ^ gu sUnlng in patchesa, associated with ' keratotic areas. Pitch, tar, asphalt, radio active substances, radia tion (including ultraviole Keratosis Hyperkeratosis: i Verrucas Ulceration? Leukoderma: discrete, scaly area on skin vith raised pearly borders. Usually on parts of skin exposed to carcinogen, but may occur in unexposed parts, par ticularly about sweat glands, with arsenic.______ Rough, fissured keratotic plaques with " " J1 * hard> w a r l i k e horns, usually on hands and soles. May become nodular and ulcerate. Anthracene, arsenic, asphalt creosote, crude mineral oil paraffin, pitch, sodium nitrate, soot, tar, radio active substances, radiatio (including ultraviolet rays Fora of hyperkeratosis .Breakdown of keratotic Absent Pigmentation alone. Leuko-melanoderma: Melanoderma Scleroderma; Patchy increased and absent pigmenta tion of akin. Most common in areas of highest pigmentation, and may in volve oral mucosa, .Increased pigmentation a1nn>| Dry, scaly, parchment-like akin, with enlarged pores, associated with laukomelanoderma Anthracene, arsenic, asphalt creosote, crude mineral oil paraffin, pitch, tar, radic active substances, radiatic (including ultraviolet ray* Crude mineral oil, paraffin oil, radioactive substances, Hemorrhage submucosal Papillomas: AfES: Papillomas: Varying size with telangiectasis Located mainly in trigone and about ureteral orifices. . Polypous or villous, pedunculated or sessile, often multiple about trigone _ and ureteral orif !<. 6 Aniline, benzidine, beta- naphthylamine and deriva tives. 003347 Pedunculated, develop mainly on lids occasionally on eychaVi ' Arsenic, asphalt, creosotej crude mineral oil, pitch, tar, radiation (incl^riinc' ultr-Holt rivj). riT?TVB