Document x77x9ygRg0qY4KD2Bz0a671

/ / INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION l 4400 RTT8 AY1WV1 VRTSSUftQH, PA. 2 PLAINTIFFS 1 J EXHIBIT , I i LoM -d^j I t April, 1942. Vol. VI. No. 4. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, ?a. 338 Plans are being consld uatrial health ferric# for Federal workers to raduca aide goTarzBant agenclos $100,000,000 a ysar, It is to bo coordina United States Public Health Sorrice, through the Division of and tentatlre plana are that radical directors for each Dopa from tho U.S. Public Health Ser- Ice staff, who naible to the BeparQ&ent head, "Suphasis entlon^and disc of disease, through health adu- cation pro senteaim. studies, r^a^l of health hazards, and first aid and tre minor ailments.s^frpattaai^ahd cure for more serious con- ditlons left to the private ph^^ian."^>^ W Legal Developments vVJ 339 Allergy to Wheat Flour* The claimant in thla case, an Aployaa of a bakery, appila*tf5i >r compensation for disability due to "Allergic 8ronchiec$asia," thrtc .condition is due to contact with wheat flour, to which ha is allergic, Cli has worked as a baker for about 6 years la Ohio and Indiana. Bis attending physician in report ing on the case said: "This is definitely allergy to flour duet which oror a long period of time has produced disabling bronehiectaelf, and be must leave hi 3 work until well and then find some other occupation," An expert to whom the claimant was rsferred for examination gave essentially the same opinion. The claimant was rofarred to the Board of Silicosis Seferees for exadnatlon and it found that the claimant was totally disabled for a time but was not sow disabled, although it expreasod the opinion that disability would again ensue if claimant returns to bis foaer occupation. The Comsslon allowed the claim, Ohio Xnd, Goa, Monitor, ^5, 13 (January, 1948), Industrial Sygiens Digsat . z 340 Injury frcm_Tajplng Compensable. An assembler employed by a tool and die plant, applied for compensation, alleg ing ha had been disabled by a severe pain in his right stoulder and amt which ha attributed to the hand tapping of cap screws in the assembling of machines. Investigation disclosed that tho claimant was required by his aaployer, on or about Kerch 11, 1941, to do some heavy tapping of screws, using a hoary tap wronch and he hAd a large order to complete* While doing this tapping he re ceived the strain upon which the application for compensation was based* This type of work is usually done by aachd^sbut as these particular taps were of a the employer was Afrt4&4tiu)%acblne would break then and ordered thm^Jo^ y hand- using a Uawr^L It was pointed out that the cl< a bench. asa^moLy aan ans^u required to do very little tapping* er cerii d the claims reviewer held that the er flMcb^both lay and leal, iB4>jNah\pzAt the claim was one that should be n^Sktwft as an occupati compensable* The Comalssion gydenv'that the claim b< iomeC\\ o lad. Com. Monitor, ^5, 12 (Janv 341 This _ Lief fH$ and in < was first given ployeea who r is not clear, t. aro alloging th The Lodge and ai claims are not act include oec allowed for t employee wi^ benefit patio. (jjtfs&PLM). the Oceupatloaal Us ed on by the Cuyahoga lability was given as tuberalleged tubercular condition he Ledge are public relief t to exceed $10 per month* It os what basis the claimants eeult of their wployment at He points out that these yee( s Compensation Law does ordered that the claim be dishat claimant Is a work-relief such is only entitled to w, under which law occu- b. Monitor, 15, 13, _ n^. _ Clear. Aggravation by Kerrous TensigB^fairtn^^rlks* Absence of Acci- ental Traimatlc Injury. T "5/ ^ Shea had been employed by tbs appellant. A strike2devalh$ed. Shea mined in side the plant for 13 days, when he suffered from^perforeted gastric ulcer and died. The Industrial Coaisslon disallowed the el decedent's death 'as in no way ralated to any incident of employment. The f Cosmos Plot* dircct- od a verdict for defendant. The Court of Appeals revsesj that jud^ont, flad- lag that thsre is evidence tending to show that the dec subjocted to e high nervous tension by reason of tbs conditions exist place of his rntploymant, which high nervous tension either caused or ted a duodenal ulcor from which decedent was suffering causing asms to perforate resulting in his death. The evidence of so-called injury was not supported by any proof of a trawatlc injury, accidental in origin and cause, which was the result of sudden happening at a particular time. Judgment of the Court of Appeals re versed and the judgmont of the Court of Cosmos Pleas affirmed. Shea y* Youngs town Sheet k Tube Co., Ohio Supremo Ct., Decided March 18, 1942. (CCS). 343 Uhdulant fever Contracted While Skinning Dead Cow. "Ho Hvidence that Cow had This is a wortaen's compensation csss. Jud^est was rendered in favor of plain tiff. Defendant appeals on the ground that there is no evidence to show that Industrial ifcrgiens Digest - 3 plaintiff's disability resulted froa the injury. While skinning a cow, plaintiff cut his finger and became violently ill with u&dulant fewer. There is so evidence showing that plaintiff contracted u&dulant fewer through the cut in his finger while skinning the dead cow. The defect In plaintiff's case is the lack of any evidence that the cow in question had Bang's disease. It would have been necessary to establish by positive evidence, and not by circvsnatastlal evidence, that the cow had Bang's disease, in order to lay the proper ground for an inference that the disease was comunicated to plaintiff from that particular cow* The judgment of the trial adSrtis reversed, and judgment is here ren- deredttm favor of defendant. FeddSklunderwriters Exchange v. Hightower. Texar'ofc* of Civ.^App., 2nd Dipt. \SDWcided April 3, 19427 (CCS). 344 Death Heat ter in Bat Restaurant Subjected to Mol Condition in Locality on Sat Day. Death Held && Appellees, 5f Clarence 5. Banat, deceased, were egqrMff" coapeasa- tlon by the of Indiana at the rata of $9,8Ap4rafeek for a per- iod of thre Appellees alleged Banet ttmd M^^isult of personal Injuries day, by reason of qa^elde&t arising out of and i^aa^eurs eat by the appel^^kv\Ol9pellanu contends that thare^jS&o evidenc lath was tha rerult of an affmeai arising ou .t operated a restaurant* Bairn, a waiter, was arly hot day on which the rola- tlve htaldity was as , and tha doctor diagnoaed his ailment as heat prostratl hours latsr. Appellant contends that this ovlde&ce is 1 w that tha daath was a result of an accident arising out of his ht ba^the appellant. Appellees* decedent, because of his employ&e exposure to injurious re suits than the expo a that locality ware subject- ed. Se was engaged 8n>jtarfing upOa the customers la a room without cross- -antilatieS\jWrday was exces&y^ly . tha buaidity was high. The trade ;;r tbt&rettta| meal was quite waiting upon these customers, the appellgrMQpecedont was exposed to the kltehen, the steam tablev^^^^elxee urn, and while so eng bor, the appellees' dece- ercoffl# from the heat. This < i^ffyArose out of his < ttploy- bath was the result of heat exhaus --</^-iiBad* fox v. Banet Indiana App. Ct. Decided March 24, Manganese Poisoning* Exposure Prior to Occupational, DlsSrae Act, Disability and Death Theraafter. Award Affirmed. - McIntyre entered the mploy of defendant, and froa 193^on his duties involved exposure to manganese dust. In September, 1937, hs wass^ansferrtd and there after had no contaet with nanganose. Ha was discharged^|^ths fourth of February, 1938* On the twenty-fourth of that month he becAe totaSj^isabled from mangan ese poisoning, and died on April 27, 1939, and hie widow ifttg^lhbetltuted as claim ant* An award was made and affirmed. Tho point raised ifethat the Occupation al Disease Compensation Act of 1937 does not cover the situation, because, by its terms, it did not go into effect until January 1, 1938. Since the date when McIntyre's disability occurred was February 24, 1938, this was the time when a compensable injury occurred, and, it being subsequent to.the effective date of tho act, no retroactive construction of ths statute is involved* Sven if the construction thus placed upon the Act of 1937 ware to be regarded as giving it a retroactive operation, such interpretation would not make it unconstitutional. It could not-be contended that, if an occupational dlsense arising in the course of the employment culminated in a disability which manifested itself after tbe employment had ceased, the disability could ast be the subject of compensation, Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4. 'for otherwise, after an employee had been exposed to the hazard for years and the seeds of occupational disease had been sown in his body, his employer could discharge him and thus avoid compensation liability for a resulting disability which aight reveal itself shortly, or even immediately, thereafter. Affinaed. McIntyre v B.J. Lavino h Co. et al. Penna. Supreme Ct. Decided March 23, 19421 (CCS)". . 344 Occupational Disease Hernia, rfolture of Right to Coapensation Be- cause of Refusal of Operation f ingt'BKl ooxf no Aggravation of Hernia by Prior Non-Coitoeasable Disease. Award ployed ^ , suffered a hernia* Defendant ft ret work. He worked one day when he was, *enc< a disease about which defendant .ifff i ht. Upon return to work, defondant an emia which plaintiff refused bacaueofkfjfflrreceat f applied for coapensation and^pdzjfcPlve correction of. the occupational disease imrt\^j)tae coapensation to\ suffered ra\an occupational disease .aint Defendant contends itiff forfeJ he refused an opera- by his own doctor. The is well establis not attended with danger and if the operation , than he must either suhoit to the operation or release doctors testifying agreed that plaintiff is a less than risk* Tha record sustains tha finding of the coni salon that it y_i4*dvl*nble, but also dangerous for plain- tiff to u^ergo an op ~ and the comission's bolding that plaintiff did not it/td\comi ion because he refused an opera- tion. The c .so found that ff's disability was caused by an occupational rnis arising the course of bis aaployoent, and the e a contributing factor in the discont plaintiff's employs*! contains evidence to sup- port nding* Moreover, there is i^yae record to sustain the f" t tha disability caused by the a waS/Stt aggravated by the Malta Award affirmed. Coombs v. Sirsd v Mthh*/^Supremo Ct* Decided 1942. (CCS* Linotype Operator Gets Dermatitis from Lead Allov/-^ks. Linotype machines require a aelted lead alloy froaT^hihh the type is made. In the plant where claimant worked as a linotype operator*? pots electrically heated were used la connection with the machines to melt the^ae^l. There was no app&r* atus to remove any fines that resulted* The pots were ^djgped except when the metal was put in* The claimant had to open the one attach^)to his machine fer this purpose, and at times when readjustment was neceasary^p^also handled sticks of type which had not cooled* Se developed a daxsati^s* Tests indicated that the desaatitis resulted from the f\aes volatilized from the melting anti mony which was one of the elements in the lead alloy, sad from handling the cot type* The claimant was found to be unusually susceptible to the hazard which caused the dermatitis* An award was granted* The deaatltls was held to b compensable as an "occupational disease" notwithstanding the fact that only^ em ployees unusually susceptible would suffer from it* La Leako v* Wilson 5. !_ Co. (Coon.) 24 Atl. 2nd 253 (January, 1942). Qccup, Hazards, 27 (Apr. ,19*2!. 348 Spavr_ Lifting Causes Tuberculosis TLara-Uo. A laborer while lifting a 300-pound bag of scrap complained of pain in his bac* and abdooaxu Zt was found that tbs ploy#e has suffered a ltaboscacral strain. Previously, the employee had a condition of quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis* Industrial Urgieas Digest - 5 The strain of the lifting caused the tuberculosis to flare up and resulted in the death of the mtpioyee. The death was held to be compensable as belag the result of an accident sustained in the course of msployment* Jenkins v, A. Abramson & Son. Inc, (N.J.) 23 Atl. 2nd 122 {October, 1941). Occup. 3a2ards,4. 27-2s, (April, 1942). 349 Saployee Being Allergic to Cleaning Compound does not Prevent Deiaatitis Award. The saployee developed a dormatitis from the use of a certain cleaning compound. Tho evidence showed that the claimant^tids allergic to the substance contained in the cleaning compound and consequentfysiaa more susceptible to the development of ^Hrmatltis from it than perScSsMaoT; having such susceptibility. This dj not 'prevent an awrd. Under, the^woriowa* s Compensation Act, provldii ponsattba^for Snowies caj^jj&w accident or disease arising out of any di^Wvthat^F^au^S^& employee's work becomes compensate standing~^ ^Ller^fc^&Uccy of the oaployee to the conditions tfflHgmfaS the diseese Pos^ie^TBK^Bi' Crocory & Baking Co. r. Industrial 1*13.) 1 N*"/. 2nd 302 (J iccup. Hazards, 26 (April, 19< 350 Occ Law. J. D. Dorsett. et, 21 pp. (Jan.,1942). at .lecture delivered 12, 19*: 2, as part of on Indus ^and Occupat eases, at the Center for Education, N< 't discusses the legal rights and obligations of t & after the fozser has suffered physical injury as the dent to his ployment. The hls- tory of occupational disease^ in the United States is traced briefly, with accounts of the lmpora4 led to changes in ths laws. The defin- ltion of occupational dls A list of states is given in which diseases are (1) schedui^ff^f^joclfical , , (2) defined in general terms, and (3) u&defjAL^The problem of. compensation is discussed and varied Interprftsjupns in different stft case of dust the problem otTipe iven. Especially in the ability has also arisen, and the experience^fnEhs^ork State with the^nw f 1933, loading to the en- acmacnti^zKAr^rdle 4-a of the present a>Ct0Oi crusd liability by gradu- is described. Similar law,~fc&! cted in several states, plan has been In force In ' `' djusted in 1939 so that te pays a part of the compensation disability accrued tine before the lav was passed; the ther diseases in addition to silicosis*! Ths procedures of a, calling for divid- ed compensation, have ltd to difficulties which hgte not s y,, et been altog_ether adjusted* Tho Horth Carolina plan by which full d^tfjTensttion may be waived by employees who are not fully disabled, is discussed, ^e^nitlon of "accident" 13 also not a simple matter, and state laws vary in their^Ling on tho meaning cf accidental injury* The trend, at least recently, has b^sh^oward the enaemtent of well considered levs; however, not only good lavs, butf^^sl administration, aro essential* The author closes by stressing prevention of^scldents and occu pational diseasss as solution cf the problAS, and recounting the part of legis lation, govoranent bureaus, tho insuranes companies and other organisations in furthering prevention* 351 All-Inclusive Coverage of Occupational Diseases under the Hew York Workmen* a Compensation Law. AMoaraua. Internet. Lab. Rev.. 45. 157-165 (1942). After a short survey of plans for occupational disease compensation, the author describes the Bsw Tork system, under which 2? occupational diseases ware origin ally compensable and in 1935 a paragraph covering "any and all occupational diseasee," was added* In 1936 silicosis and other dust diseases were included. In 193B the definition was stated to cover "conditions which ettaoh to an occupation a hazard which distinguishes it from ths usual r of occupations and is in ex cess of the hazard attending employment in general." Conditions compensated Industrial Hygiene Digaat - 6. under this definition include hernia, facial paralysis, Dupuytren* s contraction, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, and tuberculosis and Infectious diseases, especially among nurses and attendants in hospitals. The number of cases of compensated diseases increased from 94 in 1935 to 1775 in 1940, but the nusber is still less than 3 of compensation cases from all causes. A large proportion of the cost of occupational diseases is caused by the high compensation cost in deaths and peraanent disability from sllicoals and other dust diseases. 352 Death from Disease Caused by Bacillux^Stcridltls Held Compensable under Work- sensation Act. (Utah Su- cRirt; Andreason et al. v. Industrial .100 P. 24^202, sided March 13, 1940; rohearing denied May 3ir^940; 2d 69j An lucts company, whose duties consisted araksrciag and butcl bacillus as a result of contracting a dlsease<^^rvhstdd to widow sought compensation under the rBse^^ettcaea' s compensation employee State, or and her minor children* The IHhew^from which tho id rare, and there were no othfijtoS&n cases In the was acquired from eoMtt with diseased animals evidence that came m contact with _ work. The atattuu provided for compensation fo'i^hITinjury or doct&'Sfcs an'b^ipi&roe "bynnwfeJtrariJing out of or la the course of his employoen4-/The i^alsn^^^waXhat "personal Injury by acci dent arising out of or ia^^^urs^K||m^9y&ont" should "not include a dis ease, except os it shall n^^^c^^^r&jury." The Utah Supremo Court said that two questions confrontdd/ij&M^Sly,-was the disease an accldontol injury, and, if so, was it contract^gSnSstte couijL*, of the deceased's employment. These questions were answered Jd^aratfr&aati'Yt^X The court was of the opinion that under the compen0as&oj)law uryN^^&iiag out of an accident was not limited in aeaninegtff^tpe result of the^ appfwiiion of physical force to the body of the accidental injury nig^i^oall be expressed as a di3abilit: happening bytfeianpror unexpectedly bufcjwt, i^rer, be connected with tho cm- ployment*^5n^Jv not wish to imply, 3aii.'he> courr^>hat, because one becomes ill wttpfrai vrart, the statuto applies eTeh^^migh it may be that he be- cqa^ijCU<5ioxpectodly. "That alone is cot^^t^^islonihBvBahe this case one of fental injury* There must bo a causal^^nncct&t^b^tweea his employment, .s .place of aaployment, and his illness --^sc^thi^WSich happened to him the perfos&ance of his duties, or some contact ha nader^1 his place of employ ment while on duty there -- which foms the connc*tiac.lifl* botween 'is employ ment and tho contraction of the illness. And, we a^jnt_add, which is not an occupational discaso." Respecting the legislative prevision, above-mentioned, relative to personal injury by accident not including 'disease, the supreme court referred to one of its prior decisions in which it had &f^tated that the pur pose of the legislature In so enacting was to eliminate oe$0^$ional diseases. Relative to the evidence, the court stated that it bclievod^fhat there vas only one reasonable Inference to be drawn and that was that tSe deceased con tracted the disease in the course of his mplcyment* The court held that, 20 far as the questions submitted to it were concemod, the dependents of the de ceased wero entitled to compensation. Pub. Health Rcpts. ,> 551-552,{Apr. 13-42). Book Reviews 353 The Intor**^*"*! labor Code -- 1939* Price $5*00. 920 pp. (Decber, 1941). This volise is a codified edition of the Conventions (Treaties) and Recemenda tions adopted by the I2f7SQ(A$XQKAL LABOR OOftFERBICX during the period 1919 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7. through 1939* It includes explanatory and bibliographical annotations as well as amorous appendices embodying other standards of social policy adopted under the auspices or with the cooperation of the International Labor Organization* There are twelve books in this single volume, dealing respectively with de ployment and Unemployment; General Conditions of deployment (wages, hours of work, weekly rest periods, holidays with pay); the deployment of Children and Young Persons; the Hkploynent of Women; Industrial Health, Safety and Wolfare; Social Insurance; Industrial Relations^ the Administration of Social Legislation; compensation* The nodical material, particularly the wrii^oalcal charts, are de signed to be ueod by lay persons -- both in nanagemenlf^s^insyrance -- and are very clear and concise* The section on medical fees sbou^jbe of value to all tional diseases, listing the nature of the hazard and its symptoms, and a su=r*ary of the statutory regulations governing compensation in the States and Federal divisions. Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects 356 Dust Problwa in Industry as Related to the Coroner. C.O. Sappingtom. Ind.Med., U, 127-130 (Kerch, 1942). Dr. Seppington discusses briefly the diagnosis of tillooelf, with especial refer ence to the coroner1 s problmns* He discusses 3 cases In considerable detail, in . Industrial Hygiene Digest - 8 which wrong diagnoses were aade by the autopsy surgeon, and points out where the mistake lay. The essentials for correct diagnosis of silicosis are reiterated. 357 Lead Exposures in the Printing Industry in Virginia. R.T. Somevacod and H.X. Worsham. lad. Med., U, (lad. Hyg. Sect., Z), 186-188 (April, 1942). A surrey of lead exposures was made in 16 job printing and 9 daily newspaper plants in Virginia. Precipitator air samples urinary samples were :akea with special precautions to avoid contamination and lead was determined in both by the dithizone method. Ataosphorlg^ead concentrations were generally within ailovo^e limits in linotype, aoM^toe^fcompositioa and press departments. Eow> rv^im droaatna <nd siewiM opemSlbna concentrations as high as 955 mg. prffr \ ~ trations are worse in newspaper planta thatf if the larger quantity of metal used. /HhAkihar*/ iged in these operations showed waluets^aIso lead. On the basis of these f^dTnQ9reconsaenda- been made. 358 lalth aspect* ina manently stared. The presence of the two "talc this type should be evoi methods of controlling the noralogic Studies. and C.H. Willisms. , 1942). in certain USFboaate and serpentine sed. Sueb^Mes^ are to be preferred from er ^bfcnjpet material Is more of less per* 3us tissue was developed in the the least carbonate. "Talcs" of sible, but when these are esrtntial, 359 "Lesters' Disease' A. Schraak. Deut nae-apilmaa in Workers on Lasting Machines). f. kiln. MedTSjggT 491 (July. 1941). (Gemanj. Abstr. from X. h^llS. 850 (MardS?, l|gK This condit cterized by spaw^in th*-ar; llaries of the fingers, is an occupati^AlAgi^o'Sdar which develops i y disposed workers on lastin^sm^Ses as a result of irritatidm(nl The reaction is local and nO^^cektral nervous origin, although feus system may become t^vdd if it persists for a long time i=>i|affctive as long as tho xw--ork c_o__n_ti_n-_-u_--e_-_-s. I__f t_h__e__j_o_b__is___c_h_a_ngveadm, S^aesulte, but symptoms ,B7 persist for a long time. Treatment with diitnamy S&^rith alternating baths offers good results except in cases of seveneediseom^in which muscular and articular parts are involved* Since alcohol azg^mcotlne are vascular poi sons, these patients must abstain from them* Young inkers are more prone to the disease* In factories with modern* non-7ibratlng-l*ging machines and automatic holding devices, 1asters' disoaso has compltt*g&41sa?psared. 360 Pulmonary Asoar*Hasia- I.M. Donaldson and others. X. Clin. Mad., 27. 740- 746 (March, 1942)." _ A case of pulmonary aspergillosis is presented with a discussion of the mode cf infection, pathology, symptomatology, x-ray picture, diagnosis, sad treatment. It is msphaslzed that aspergillosis has a distinct relationship to certain occu pations. It is most rn--nnlT observed among bird fanciers and pigeon stuffers who feed the birds from their own mouths. This occupation affords a double haz ard in the infected birds and the contaminated grain. Other occupations in which there Is a prolonged exposure to groin dust, such os occurs in faming, milling, threshing, and sponge cleaning afford ample opportunity for infection with this organitt* It is likely that often ropeated massive dosage is the chief factor In the pathogenesis of this disease. Asymptomatic cases have been found upon routine examination of fron workers in certain localities* Potassixa icdiie is the principal therapeutic agent* Industrial Hygiene Digest 9 3SL Boards In Steel Mills. J.W. Pehnel. Presented at Amer. Ind* %g. Assoc. Convention, Cincinnati, 0., April, 1942. The operation of a by*product coho plant presents the hazards of coal-tar dis tillates, Use and acid bursa, ammonia and carbon monoxide gas* Staployees at blast furnaces are constantly exposed to varying concentrations of carbon ncn- oxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide* Casting floor workers are exposed to the sulfur gases* Many of these people are exposod to high degrees of heat and radiant rays* Open hearth workers are exposed to carbon monoxide, and, in tearing down the furnaces, to sllic^gjjjf dust* Qaployces on the pouring plat- form^^d the ladle crane operatorsrard^Kposed to the fines given off by the mol^^Siaterial^oth from the metewand the coel tar pitch lining of the In pfSqutfiiig alld^, many medals art added to the steel, among than nicki chroaim/f^rroau^anesa^Arrtkllicon, titanium, tungsten, and molybj Puses mh&ho ^xcassl^fwAgially in the case of electric furnace*?)'^s^bon moaoxde pr^^^y^ihe vicinity of heating furnaces ond^e^rafc pits. Pickle and e^a^g(j^yg^t^expose workers to the aista and Tgfioro^r a ntnber of adda, alkc " 362 The Lncev Chanit csminatlon in the of Silicosis. L. U. .,,a a* - `ti, 0 April, ited at Anar. rad. Phys:* St Surg., is an alarming >7 senee of silica in tisS ?ribut< 'stic significance to the pre .ts state or to associated anatom- leal evidences of diseas aul performed to determine the presence of pathological lesions; in t demonstration of oven great excesses of a son-poisonous irritant without meaning* The reasoning res- possible for this tendency*jyyjfd upon sueh obvious fallacies that the necessity for even discdaainJ'The^jiiibjec' rather surprising* Because tissues from cases of rocogntf2&l weiicosts gene veal large amounts of total siii- ca often in exceuTa&i per cent of the converse is assisted that a large smounjho'fQ*al silica must seasey) Because the total silica re covered fjaa\airCotic lungs usually 1 el eadugh free to have caused pulaca- cry fijrailj^he total silica content opts^nfa standard in this coa- J^fcnough in all others only free is ^d^kidered significant. Jfeper demonstrates the ranges for t li&*"\36 lungs with no known e, in 20 with significant exposure _^micrb^jdc evidence of sili- nodules, and in 72 with both sxposure anft-dassl slons* Many of the lungs with definite silicosis contained less thaajbper .t of total silica 12 the dry tissue sad some with larger amounts reveelkd^ silicotic nodules. Other data demonstrates tho difficulties of correlating e^3ure with the amount cr character of the duet in the lunge* The acre logtcaT c^terion of the free sili ca content of tieeuee le discussed with figures on 32 SgE^&tlc lunge illustrat ing the absence of correlation with total silica values* ^mially, experimental evidence le prosented which suggests the improbebility of Wt correlation be tween even free silica and pathological reaction* Tho free sdlice values nay be high, but an aasociated inhibitor mineral may have prevented irritation of the tissues; the values may be lowered in casos of advanced fibrosis due to di lution with ash of the newly formed tissue* 363 The Casting a* c. R* Williams. Presented at Amer* Ind. Eyg. Assoc. Convention, Cincinnati, 0* April, 1942* With vastly stepped up use of magneslta, there ere many nsw problems in foundries handling this vital metal s^ its various alloys* Perhaps the most spectacular of these is the fire and explosion hazard, but there should be equal concern with the potential occupational disease exposures* In general, tbs processes are no different than those in any non-ferroue foundry* There are, however, Industrial Hygiene Digest - 10 several departures from standard foundry practice which introduce materials not usually encoiatered in foundries. Thus, in addition to the usual air contamin ants characteristic of foundries, there nay he water soluble fliwrides, hydro fluoric acid, sulphur dioxide, chromic acid, carbon tetrachloride, magnesium oxide, and magneslim metal -- and this list will probably grow as time goes on. Data are presented as to concentrations of fluorides found In the vicinity of several operations which may give rise to these compounds in air. In addition, concentrations of MgO end SO2 from pouring and "salting out" are reported. Diffi" " e-xperi`enc'ed* a result of tfcOe exposures and suggestions for overcome presented. 364 The Shle and Z.J. Largest. Prosested lad. ,, Innatl, 0., April, 1942* Settled uorosls, Daxsous, Ceddur, and fluorlM^ecgsrxia are clinical by the absorption of excessive ane^nXMf fluoride, Moreover, has resulted from the IngeMpra^xiuondes. The sAstenc of public health and IndusTOjflaift occasioned in vostlgatl fluoride in tbo bodlfa^rffrhisin experimental sub- jects have established IpuM^oP Intake and output of fl xmal diet. Tha.^ftne'Was found to be the prin- c was incro^^dHontioa aad retention when fluSSide fferpn^wWwite (up to 25 times the normal Intake). Within swely constant proportion of the ex- cess fluoride was stored orption of fluoride in quantities up to 1 par diem was aot=%^ ^ th storage, but nounte greater than 2 mgp. par iim resulted in' " N^ThS\quantltlos stored were act released and excreted after the 1 $0 nozmal levels. The absorption of fluoride is greatl by tiie aqudous solubility of the fluoride salt ingested. 7ery :s cf'#~~*ide ' stored In the bones without the appearance of Logic changes, bones are abnormal. 365 Silicon rn yuarles -fc^lnor Med. Assoc., US: a query concerning Industrial'pot>onlhg^^>" sillcon gas," several ^ forms of exposure are discussed. A^^^orne^wpenslons of the eloaent >n might be construed as gaseous In the'<f3jtfihUb*$t4 on electric furnace lataent. The fine particles of such fimes caj^wct aS^faft cobweb-like stream ers in flues, rafters* etc. It has been shown by 'bqBgSrlaentatlon that this foa is inert and incapable of producing tis&v^&anges except phagocytosis. The same was found true of coarser particles 1 to S^miiyonj in dioeter. On the other hand, some of the gaseous compounds of silicon d^rdnjurlous. Silicon tctrafluorlde is a colorless, irritating gas. The tetr^a&^rlde has a suffocat ing odor and is used in the preparation of smoke screea?^5aTtral other halogen compounds are imown. Of the organic silicates that might hd/^ahaled as vapors, ethyl silicate has bean found to be highly toxle on injectldl|lfcto animals. 366 Bronchloaenic Carciane In Association with Pulaoi^wy Aehaatosls. Report of Two Cases. H.H.aslleb and A.Angrlst. Am.J.Pathology. 18. 125-125 (January,1942). Two cases art reported in which men between 40 and 50 were found to. have both aebeetoeis aad a primary carcinoma of the lunge. A table listing 10 reported cases* collected from tbo literature, in which both diseases occurred, is pre sented. The authors conclude that the data from 2 eases, with some reports in the literature in doubt, are insufficient for a statistical evaluation, and that caution should be used in ascribing carcinoma to asbestosis. In one case the carcinoma was in a region least affected by asbostosls, but where carcinomas often occur. Industrial Hygiana Digest - U. 367 Nba-Tuberculous Conditions and Complications of Tuberculosis. C. J. Soared and others. Diaaasai^ Most of the large nunber of son-tuberculous patients who are aistakonly admitted to tuberculosis Institutions could have had proper diagnoses if sufficient time had been given to the history and examination. Silicosis is the disease most frequently mistaken for tuberculosis* History of exposure, symptoms, physical, roentgen and laboratory examinations must be obtained to sake a diagnosis* The paper includes a brief doseriptlon, including reproductions of roentgenograms, of Uncases of several diseases adapted to the Woodmen of the World Hospital witb/dfc'erroneous diagnosis of s&joe pulmonary tuberculosis. Five of the soBblnaj of silisgsis.^filico-aoniliasia and silieo-tuherculc >*ata' such cases from ordinary pulmonary >ughf discussion and la the roontgenogrj Lons rsis are a history of long silica e: ` sputimi foi 1, pinpoint nodular infiltration unlRm^^hrougheut both lungs sis) and physical findings lesa/MM^r than such symptoms th and weakness* The otgar 6\^ges, treated brief- ly, in$ sarcoma, lympbogrutiuoa, and abscoss, aortic aneur^^T tl addition 3 tra&kHAi^cary tuberculosis cases ited bri< te such comhk&tftiipti* as pleuritic effusion and saneous pnevmot] 366 Carbon Monoxide and Pas ito r of Holland Tunnel and Metropolitan New York* w.P. Yaai and' of Mines, Rapt. of laves., No.3565, 66 pp. (November, 1941). A study of carbon monoxide. fljEffij^icaiE^^ttsr in the air of the Holland tunnel, its dissemlnatigjrmn^T^^urroy^i^pg atmosphere, and how the concen tration in the air itf^tS^^modSktw^cihi|^-of the tunnel compared with that in air at other The concentration fs^iptimated to decrease to about ic# of that at the wt>or discharge, witbln and to 25& within 130 ft. The cally visible oil- siohCp^ticles per milligram of parties _ lectod from the air about 1500 million. The of tunnel-added particulates air when the traffic was cars was estimated to " vpoua.ds^or about 7 grains per car. city of lucitona and Veraonite. Queries **tnor J.A.M.A. U8, .59 "March 28, 1942). ''(J) Both of thoso materials, used in making denturesbelieved to be nethacry ate resins. Delcteann's experimental result* showing'S^WTjUi nce of pathologic effects are reviewed* The respiratory tract showed the sevrerdit damage and only local and tstporary effects on the akin were found. The possibility exists that the prolonged absorption of small quantities may lead to tSs^^aduction of porphyrin which through photo action may load to dermatitis or oth^jbyslologlcal abnor malities. 370 Firedamp. H. Porstaaim. Glueckauf., 6, 595*608 (1940). (German). Present knowledge of the eausos of formation of flrodamp (sothane) in coal mines is reviewed. A study of gas movements in a mine was made by blowing anmoaia in to boreholes* Data for tht methane content of the air at various positions in tho mine are presented, and possible mothsds of reducing the firedamp hazard ire discussed* 371 A Case of Poisoning by Hydrogen Solonidc. H.W. Senf* Deutsche med. Wchnschr., 67. 1094-1096 U941) .(German). The author gives a survey of the literature and reports a case of poisoning by pure hydrogen salenlde In a chamlst working continuously in its production. Sigma and symptoms included flow of tears, coryza, hoarseness, dyspnea, purple rash on Industrial Sjrgisa# Digest - 12 the cheeks* edema, thrombophlebitis in the calf* and finally a noart lesion. Selealus could not ba found in the urlno or sput\m. 372 Illnesses Caused by Turpentine and Its Substitutes. W. Bofbauer. Deraat. Wchnschr.. 113. 821-824 emn?- ~ Skin diseases are relatively froqucnt In parsons working with turpentine or its substitutes. In examinations of 31 patients the author found that substitutes wars the etiologic factors in IS cases-- Data are presented regarding exposure to turpentino and to the substituteq^jfougth of exposure* age, and the effect of. skin tMts. Although some of thA^)rta^)fre rather confusing* they indicate in, gone^;that turpentine is more ih&rious to the ki" than are substitutes, that'kae^aubstip^tes oftend^lct the akin after sensitisation to turpe: * The aut&O; gtrcsggp-thg ty in obtaining the right materials because iubatttui ften changed. The substitutes on wi riments were cond use in Germany* 373 Palaflglnff Ztschr. In _ _ :ea of the developed 16^' lysis of feet The auttors made obs bar of facts observed tho conclusion that the nerves, as was believed the muscles themselves Phosphate. 8. Wslthard and k4ETV srd. Schwoiz. 4, 410-420 U94CU soiling the first dsMurf&e&t consists of serious nsl tract lafl^ugSabeut 5 days. The later startipg^tjjt&.ns in the calvea, followed ater and hands, with muscular atrophy, /in which 89 cases occurred. A ma ssed by 1 experiments, lead to _ are not situated in the peripheral nor^^the central nervous system, but in 374 Wchnachr., 71 (1941). (German). Experiments ducted in order to^dkte lungs andetairretiy causes damage to t the JjttfcJdpVas a barrier for the poos res of edema of the lungs. Expel (he alone and ergotamine followed b Conclusion that the lung presents no teral. Calclvs therapy was found very effec sequences in the surviving animals. Hothlln. Schweiz, med. .ether phosgene penetrates the kidneys, otc., or whether es to other organs ere de with phosgene alone, atlon. They led to and poisoning is ng the secondary :cn 375 Ultraviolet Bums of the Eve. queries and Minor No6y?J.A.M.A. 118. 1264 (April 4, 1942). Increase of ultraviolet burns of the eyo is accompasylag^manslon of the heavy industries. In the beginning of an attack of photophthaSafej iced applications are of some value. Cocaine is contra-indicated but ono of^^pore recent corneal anesthetics affords rolief. An antlseptlo to preven^infaction of the eroded area, is valuable. After 24 hours, heat hastens epithelial regeneration. There are so known therapeutic agents of curative value, but the condition is aolf-limited, provided there is/aftercurrent infection of tbo-comeal^surface. 376 The Effect at in Daily Work -- A Suggested Method to Increase Efficiency. K. Zachariaa. Zentralbl. f. Oowerbehra.. ~2g7119-122 (1941). (Gessaa). The author, a physician, discusses the oxertien and fatigue caused by standing in many types of work* Se has invented a "standing support," consisting of a tripod with an adjustable tube and with a seat similar to the saddle of a bicycle. With this seat it is possible to work close to a machine in a half sitting* half standing position which is less fatiguing than "free standing. * Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13 3?7 The Causes of Accidental Experimental Contribution to the Effect of ?atigua. S. Tovo. Rees. Bed. Indus*.7 12, 298-322 U941J. (Italian). The author gives a broad survey of the literature on the significance of physi ological and pathological deficiencies! of fatigue, absence of mind, imprudence, inexperience, carelessness and alcoholism, as contributing causes to accidents. Tho author then describes the reaction of Donnagio, by which fatigue and other abnormal conditions may be detected chemically, ind reviews the literature on the subject. He examined 21 normal individuals and found an average reaction of 4 to 5 on an arbitrary scale of 68. tfOTsimilar test on 107 workers as soon as possible after a slight accidont^^fco 4* average of 6-9, that is, slightly abz&zad or fatigued than theoth^pgroup, but in some the reaction fall few day%siater*<xTho reactj^^prmally was higher in the early moral; noon theh in the^tta raraLns^'and higher on Monday or Saturday than middle df^^e weelt^^wW^^ of the men who had accidents were<f^h4&. (The abstractor^^ncura^^^picia that has been made of this pap**, Trt it tends to ovoremphas^i^^^'^^^-cance of relatively mull result; 378 The Infl Temperature and Suaidi Dryness of the C, ~Harrington an< lbaeh. Am. I. Hyg., January, .tioa of t ace moisture was studied by .ng the quantity discs of dried blotting paper, applied to the a period of 5 seconds. Obeerva- tlons before and during ts to various temperatures and humldi- ties showed that the respired air is a function of its vapor pressure. With press of mercury the mucosa was rela- tivsly moist, but with 4 In. there was a marked drying of the mucosa. Mb epj fchqj) iT'prashntod w that such drying is harmful, but it is pointedodP laV'lf the^effect /^h^be controlled, a relative humidity of over 50 is growM ' with ordinary^oooyt^tperatures of about 70F, J.2.P. Gocher. NortbBreit 40. 476 (Docaober, 1941). .M.A., ^18, 1012 (March W^42)(C^ Lnts that follow exposure to 't*d&S* aal^ust of zinc oxide, chrom- __ and chloride arc enumerated. ara^daraatitis of the trunk and upper parts of the thighs, conjunctiviftU^ chfiii&gastroiatestinal up- rts, chronic anemia after about six months of^ttpoaurS^/beiils and eczema. No permanent .disabilities ware observed, but a cartsi&jmsbs^of men retained a distinct susceptibility and allergy to zinc salts^^ 380 Comparative Iffacts of Propylene Glycol and Some Othag^Afrents on Oxygen Consume- tlon of the Organ!ma. IT Winkla. J.Lab.& ClinJledi^g7. 770- 773, (Mar. 1942). Propylene glycol was found to depress the o^rgea con*\apt2xjRof white rats, this depression not being due to a decrease in activity, since ^^depressions of pentobarbital and chloral In the same rats did not significantly dscrease the oxygen conswption. These results on whole animals are in agrtmaent with previ ous results on isolated liver parfusod with propylona glycol, which also showed a decrease in oxygen consumption. The doses of propylsne glycol used were be yond those likely to be taken as solvant or vehicle in food or medicinal agents, but the depression of osygen consueptloa could ooour with very large or toxic doses. This result is essentially of scientific importance, because the use of propylsne glycol has a wide margin of safety. 381 ^itemin A Concentration in Pat liver Purina Recovery from Carbon Tetrachloride Cirrhosis. C.galy and I.Paat^ PTaa-Sfta-arpay.Blal.& Med.. 48. 710-717 (Dec. 1941). The authors showed that tha liveie of rats recovering from carbon tetrachloride cirrhosis contain much lass vitamin A then do lirers of nozmal rats on the sane diet* Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14. 388 War Industries Face flew Hazards* L.E. UacBrayne. Factory Man. & Main., 100. 72, 196 IKarch, 1942} Among tae increased hazards that may be attributed to wartime production are the introduction of potentially dangerous chemicals new to the plant's experience; stepping-up of a hitherto safe process to the point where it becomes hazardous; lowered vitality caused by fatigue because of long tours and overtime work, and consequent inefficiency* A umber of specific examples are described* A dis cussion of sick absenteeism is also included. . 363 Prevention of 111 Health in Industry ng Toxic Chemicals. J.JI. Foulger. Presented at Aser* Ind. Hyg. Asso ntion, Cincinnati, 0., April, 1942* The^ustrlsl physician has the espoasibility of maintaining good and, ^nsequentlj^effici p uctlon, of many thousands of worker; UhitedMSWtes specially in those branches mald.ng Fow ope synthetic chemicals, which might While it that with care, cosmon sense, end nn^&s$hToraatioa, any chamic without Injury to health, the cojrrmfe<z% also true, Ignorance lead to serious injury from^n^ls. The great n materials now in use off befvr'lntroduced daily makes physloloeiw^cmtlon of chemicals, programj^^evntive medicine. Such information 'four years by a study, of is of examina experiments, in a variety of ctomlcaL , a procedure has been established for medical control using chemicals. This method of study makes it possible ect of expose?* to harmful substances at a stage at which no < occurred* At this stage, physiological abnormalities can be rm eased physical protection, attention to the habits of worker: ' ys of rest or tporary change of occupation* It 1 hysiological changes (and subse- quest injury if nfl&b^gkrly changes ana no attention) depend, not only upon the degrWjnr^stposure of workecrtfo i as controlled by physical protectio^j<gi,ivrper medical observ ' to a very great degree, upon of workers during tho of the day away from their .ant* Uimecessgry overexert!# ernes of temperature and prolonged automobile driving, e dly serviced and poorly Tated cars, improper nutrition, sclf-m*^datioh ajudiclous treatment synthetic drugs, can make an otherwise normal wo usceptible to harmful 'chemicals* The maintenance of good health ind' ,uires close cooper- atlon of employer, industrial physician, family phyeici very definitely, the worker, himself* & 384 Health Hazards in the Faint and Lacquer Industry, Nat^lhint Tarnish & Lacquer Assoc., Sci. Sect. Clrc., Mo. 629 , 319-382 (1941). Iron o^de, chrome oAde, ultramarine blue, barim sulfat^^d titanim dioxide are not tosde to men, and these dusts are not unusually lrrt^a^ing to the lms. However, lead, arsenic, antimony and cadmita pl^ents are hs&rdous and require special precautions* Zinc pigaents are irritating when taken internally but their external effects are comparatively son-toxic. Toluidene reds, para reds and lake colors do not appear to hava marked toJttc effects. Fmes and vapors from tot drying oils and resins are irritating to the eyes and respiratory organs. All volatile solvents, except water, that are used in the paint and varnish in dustry are poisonous when present in the air in sufficient concentration. 385 Industrial Benzene Poisoning and its Remedies* D. Florentine Ann* d'Syg., rub. Indust* et Socialas. 97-112 (1941). (French). This is a general paper on benzene poisoning, including uses of benzene, matbed of entrance into the system, and preventive measures* Industrial Hygiene Digest - 15. 366 The Clinical Forma of Benzol Poisoning, their Prognosis and Prophylaxis. Lacaelle end others. Bull.at s<m.Soc.ttod.hop.de Paris. 56. 353-358 (1941). (French). The authors studied 47 cases of benzene poisoning in famalo workers using nearly pure benzene. Vfithin the first month some workers shoved emaciation, Intestinal troubles, headache, and' sometimes fever. The authors tens this foim "minor benzol!sm." Then between the 48th andl20th days there appeared various forms of purpura, menorrhagia, and metrorr^Mla; serious cases developed with or with out fBver, with tonsilitis and naoAai^ef the mucous mmabwnes of the mouth. Ozu^suhi case ended fatally. The^sSbd examination presented the picture ofc hypoSnpMdc anep^with leugjjp&nia^Md hypogranulocytosia. In one case cell coup^was ^^^Vajcocyte count 2600, rising to 25,800 si fore de^ ^ sQ} ` 387 Possible UftJ (March 28, Generali2 a dlMAvsgypa chsBuMSfrstamic po Poseur and other d testl should be made water with the sodium Solvent. Queries & Minor Motes. Jj cleaner using SkellyMirtT 4s*6 not sen to have though deimatiti^Jtimgpha Jags," and rarely cur with this aaXFeqtptTpetroleua derivative, ng may be^^nwixer significance. Contact dilutfS^ q^^cetone with the solvent, and itloning the solvent. 388 cywta* Pematitis. qua A treatment is suggested fo wet boric acid dressings range from 0.6 to 0.8 " debridement may be*ij a' es. 7.AJI.A., 935 (March 14, 1942). title. Boric add oinmaent U.S.P. or erlng agent keeping the pH in the 0aave been produced, superficial 389 dina^y. h In the Plastics^jndus Cummings. Pcnna. Dept. of Labor . _ . afe Practice Buli..,`-/MbV 38 Deraati^S^S'-'Sho most ccmoa industrial/ PP* . plastics industry. The sources of hazards are: (lj^orapt o ng powders, (2) funes 'ting pellets in the molds, and (3)'>^^brod 3/foraed when the solidified 'ct is machined. Protective and prevent^ as^s1^>lnclude: (1) use of tion hoods leading to dust collectors; (2)\gdscnai:< ' .iness, and (3) use of protective creams or ointments and respirators^ The tafacture of plastic molded bottle cape is described. 390 Specific Diseases in the Sugar Industry. S.2. Meyer. Jfcgtene y Seguridad, S, 623-626 (Sovflaher, 1941). (Spanish). Sugar crystals irritate the skin mechanically, and sugarj^all forms has an irritating action, not only on the hare skin, but also wheh^fca clothes become impregnated with syrup or molasses. Usually exposure is flawed by slight fever, chills and malaise. A localized infiltrated patch appears, and one or more extremely painful boils develop in a few days, with lymphangitis and aden itis. The bolls open spontaneously and recovery is very slow. Apparently staphylococcus is the causative agent. Tho disease is frequent in new workers, but iaauaity usually develops within a year. Other ailmente Include a squamous dermatitis between the fingers and on the back of the hands, fermentation in the gums, and gingivitis. In axtreme cases the teeth fall out after 2 or 3 years of iwrk. Conjunctivitis and keratitis have been attributed to hydrogen sulfide vapors. The author recoa&ends as hygienic measures, good ventilation, dust con trol, bathing aad washing facilities, drinking fountains, instruction of work men, dmitlst's and medical service, adequate supply of clean clothes, and gen eral sanitation of the factory and of tha wertaen*s houses. Industrial fyglasa Diktat - 16. 391 glaatialeaa Poimatltia. I. Greenfield. Urol, and Cuten. Rev., ^6, 120-122 (February, 1942; The acid gut eater of the resin used in chemically fabricated wearing apparel, especially olastiglaas wristbands has been found responsible for cases of der matitis among persons who wore them. The principal symptoms were pruritus in the exposed area, followed by papule formation, erythema and edema. Heat and moisture were found to be important factors in the develojment of skin reactions. Recovery is slow, and contact of the<^erial with the skin of sensitized person^ reproved the disease within 24,^&?s^ 392 Mango^adQHualtoe^rJ iimati' Paulson. Standard Oil Co., N.7., 5, 197-1 tab] The autl icril tls caused by the and hualtocjfe bers of Lly found In northern Peru, and othem^tri _ tries* The' ta are non-proteins and are foup& ugprif' sap of the peel and t] fruits and in the young lGSvps'bf the hualtaco tree* with impunity. 393 raatltls Large Veslc ed by Parsley. Z. icttam and 7. Wchnscl 733 , 744-752, 76^.776 (19hE) {German). The authors found acute of the hands and forearms, in the majority of fale parsley in a canning factory. Purple discoloration was present parts, as were often extremely large vesicles, followed by puruiyTM^--- and carbuncles. Purer and chills . were present. Rabbits ectlon of parsley extracts, and in these animals injectimno^hh sarA, ca local anaphylactic reaction, only when the patients^rftSVbltfts were senslti the same kind of parsley. Magnesium Acotata as an Ashing Agent In Pluorine Analysis. 7.2. Crutchfield. Ind. Eng. Ch*., Anal. Id.r ii, 57-58 (l942). In determining less than 0.1 mg. of florins in biological fluids some fluorine may be lost during the ashing of the samplo* Many of 'Vof ashing agents recom mended in tho literature are likely to contain fluoring^MM 2000 analyses were made with fair success when magnesium perwflde was uflb^Lbut difficulty was encountered with seme samples of food* Pure magneal\m aceta%) prepared from electrolytic magnesium was found excellent. The blank is negligible and mere concordant* In 64 cited results the greatest error appears to be 36*9$ in deter mining 0*284 mg. of fluorine* 395 A Portable Pield Colorimeter fer Industrial Hygiene Gse* T*R* Thomas and L. Silverman* Ind. Med., U, (Ind. Hyg. Sect* 3), 186-191 (April, 1942). A simple circuit portable photoelectric colorimeter containing combined absorber and colorimeter tubes is described. It is adapted to field or laboratory use for detazainatione by colorimetry, aophalomotry or photometry. Examples of -ts applications are in the determination or deteetlon of carbon dioxide, carbon di sulfide, chlorine, chromic acid, nitric oxides and trichlorethylene. Details of construction and operation are given, with illustration. Industrial Hygiene Foundation - 17. 396 The Rata of Solution of Particles of Quartz and Certain silicates. P.H. Kitto and H.S. Patterson. J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox., 24. S9-7g--(April, 1942) . Experiments on the solubility at 38*9C. of quartz and silica suspensions of particle siza comparable to the dust in mine air are described, in which condi tions of preparation of the samples have been carefully controlled and interfer ing factors reduced to a minimum. The effects of varying pH, particle size, and methods of preparation cn the rate of solution of the particles are given. The initial rate depends on many factors, bt the final rate may be proportional or nearly proportional to the radius. J^iSr some weeks the solution of the particl* reacjie&a very slow steady rate wtaSk improbably the true solubility of the distajcb^i surfaces^ Experiments az^mentioned on the depression of the ra$e' 3oluti<m<ead thremoval already in solution. The theory of tlon of'dusts, and-t^^^MVtained are discussed. The initial hi4r\fci^bf solution Mjiue matjijdgg >5*ra "Beilby layer" and "edge" effects, gd$^aabne3e are dissolv&^mvraM^ncreases rapidly. The intrinsic solubdA&tys^ir the finest particles is eT whan this disturbed outa**^uzx*e has been removed. --%J$3^8vf_s 397 r. Franklin. J.Ind. Hagpra., 2*, 80 A ennu analysis impinger particles by the Greenburg-Smith techni ca of shattering. Several writers give results but thea may be in error due to inadequate precautions pling. Other sources of error in their observations all the particles and the use of higfa- er than specified iapln, Experimmtal data obtained showed no shattering of discrete particles and no significant change in the mean particle ground-in e normal sampling rate. Aggre- gates were observ original end semples. The number of aggre- gates did not a 'be significant?^-- s1 summary. Immersion^y for the Racid Appro: Ind.Med., (Ind. Hyg. ary to the immersion method o In Industrial Dusts, ^-191 (April, 1942). atlon where speed but accuracy are essential, a method ge in refraction of quartz with wave spending upon the f a';^Q|ixtz particle be isers- ea in a liquid having high dispersion and a re btive'&^Sfc for sodium light just equal to that or quarts, and illllu:minated by Qtftln ;ht it will appear yellow-orange with a blue-green halo. Or vice verscr^spendlng upon whether it is within or beyond the focus of the microscope. tIfrjai^cred fiilltler is interposed, the quartz will have a higher index than the liquid, sntb-the opposite if a blue filter Is used. In operation, two such filters ere us*|j% there are various methods of comparing the .particles. For particles over wimcrcns, filters which transit both red and blue bands pemit the estliwatitg/to be made in one operation and with a single filter. 399 The Occupational Disease Hazard. W.A. Cook. Ind.Med., (Ind.Hyg.Sect., V,, 195-197, (April, 1942) The author outlines the general methods of conducting Industrial hygiene surreys. One point of the discussion is how such information earn be obtained by general observation without instruamits. The conclusion it that general observations :n the part of experienced persons and applied with cosaon sense serve to locate the severe exposures and aid materially in planning instrumental tests, tut should not bt relied on as a substitute for other tests. Obtaining information on length as well as severity of exposure is emphasised, and integrating methods are advocated where possible. Industrial K7gi Digest - 18, 400 Procedure for Teaming Gag Masks for Permeability. tf.S. Bur. of Mints, Schedule 14E, 19 pp. (Doetsber 24, 1341) This schedule supersedes Schedule 14D, issued May 9, 1935. It describes the standard tests for approval of the various types of gas masks, with directions for supplying and narking the saterial to be tested, schedule of fees, persons to be present at the tests, etc. Gas masks are classified into the following types: (A) for protection against acid gises; (B) for protection against organ ic vapors; (C) for protaction against ammonia; (AB, ABC etc.) for combinations of two or acre; (AE, BE, etc.) for protection against dusts or mists in addition (1) by ashing of the urine staple, (2) by ashing Sw^thiscce extraction, (3) by precipitation of lead by entrainment and subseqttret^afaing, and (4) by pre liminary alectrolytic separation, according to the rwmt-work of Banbech & of lead by this method was demonstrated by determination of weights of lead added to the urine, and the possibility of an unpreeipititrable lead com plex was ruled out by parallel experiments in one of which any complex would be broken up by the treatment. After precipitation of the lead, the remaining treatment consists of ashing the precipitate, dissolving in citric acid end polarlgraphing. The accuracy of the method is + 10$. Details of reagents and procedure are given. 403 A Raold Method for the Microenalvsis of Lead. L.T. FMrhall and ft.G. Keenan. J. Am. Ch. Soc., & 3076-3079 (1941). '' The dithisone method has proved its usefulness in the determination of lead in urine aid other biological materials and in drinking wator. However, e study ef the natural laad content of a sample of urine sufficiently large so that It Industrial Hygiene Digest - 19. could be dettmined by standard chicleal procedure, as coopered with dlthiso&e readings with small individual samples, indicates a notable disparity between the apparent quantity as measured colorimetrically and the actual lead content. The dithizone value3 in a series cf experiments varied from 3.6 to 13.5 times the chemical value. A rapid aicromethod for the determination of lead is des cribed which permits the objective separation and precise evaluation of minute amounts in drinking water and in urine without the necessity of ashing. Pull de tails are given. (Reprints are obtainable from the Division of Industrial Hy giene, National Institute of Health,^S. Public Health Service, Sethesda, Md.) 404 sulfanilic acid afford tective action is in sems^ ve Agent* Agalflat Soc.Exper.8iol , 361-363 (1941). administrati Isaide reduces the s against rods in acute carbon tetra- d e were also protective while _ last fact lndlcatas that the pro f the sulfonamide group. 405 The Removal of Carbon Pioxi erthlng Apparatus. J. Adrlanl. J. Avia- tion Med., 1, 304-309 (& Rebreathing apparatus an&it*4sShti closed system equipped with a method for renoving^iNSwSiioxid^-erfict ... Two types are described, with special enphasi^Av^^ canister and the pw es of its contents. Comparative data are considered from jfeyei al, chemical and physical view- points. tchinsen* Heat, k Vent. (April, 1942)7 sent state of knowledge concerning th is very unsatis- 'ctory. There would seen to be little juatiJ _ e advocacy of humid ity control as a health aeasure. On the other hand> the^pdksibiiity that unusual humidities may be decidedly unhealthful is suffiefigra? well founded to warrant the greatest hesitancy on -the part of the engineer abasing air conditioning methods which result in unusually high or lew humidiie#^eveo though they may be within the so-called comfort zone. Within the comfort *6a, the scat important influence seems to be the inverM relationship which eadWwfcetween that intan- glbla quality called "freshness" and the humidity of indo< 407 An Outline of Industrial Ventilation. F.F. Kravath. ^Heet. k Vent., 36-58 (April, 1942). 1 A comprehensive guide (in outline fora) to be followed in the design of an indus trial exhaust ventilation system of any type, an explanation of each heading and subheading in the guide explained, profusely illustrated, discussing the proper combination and sizing of ths elements comprising a system. This Reference Sec tion is divided into tae parts) the first being devoted to the technical phases of the subject; the second is made up of brief illustrated descriptions of a cum ber of actual installations of various types of exhaust systems sad covering a fairly wide scope of industries and equipment combinations. A limited number of reprints ef this 24-page section are available at 26 cants each, postpaid, from Heating and Ventilating, 148 Lafayette Street, Hew fork City. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 20 408 7mn+A\m+.ta& and Dust Problems Associated with Deep Tube1 Operations in Colorado. R.J.Qwens* Presented at Aaer.Ind.Hyg.Assoc.Convention, Cincinaati,0.,April, 1942. The Carlton drainage Tunnel located at Cripple Creek, Colorado, and the 3ig Thompson ffater Diversion Turmal located between Grand lake and Estes Park, Colorado, have held the attention of tunnel and wiping sen throughout the United States for the past few years* The Carlton Tunnel ns designed to "under water" the faaous Cripple Creak alnlng district. The bore was started at an ele vation of 6,890 feet above sea level and extended underground for a distance of 31,600 feet* 'Elis is ths longest tuqjrffl that has been driven from one portal withou^any addits rising to the arfJa<5g?for auadliary ventilation. It*was an cipa^g/)that four^ysars would be rjm.red in order to complete this project. ever,"T&t& aoder^^uipment^^ie h&nel was completed two years and two after djOltog ba^p\ Pjp^jy^ytly all testing world records ware drillingx^fs^tuna^/flrauy solid Pike's Peak granite* On teo^eed^ajtafs the tunnel was^d^cadSrajjjM^in 24 hours. The average daily ady^ncr^Mrthe south of Septesber^^^NjIKn^l feet* The diameter of the boi*j*acjfcly 10 feet by 11 feet* ^8ra9faax^EL 1941, after the tunnel had be^faraiSa 28,970 feet a water co0aa^n^ruc^d^h flowed 20,000 to 5>0Qfgptf^E& several days. This waheiNi^a si^rated ewjfc'herbon dioxide gas wfci^iU.uted the air under- ch an exjtffifc thh&3nre was not suffiorare <pj^gen to sustain life, the vsntlljsffljag s^k^a^Nwere made_aaj@$x2king* of the air line was necessary to continue the an epidemic of boils s^ mlo* ni ` this water was micountered 1 dermatologist froa the Derma- toses Invertigation Divii tetes Public Health Service was da- tailed to Colorado for the' sting end asking a. study of this problem. in underground oped and installed to control the gases resulting from the te* Carbon monoxide concentrations in certain parts of the <^mdLe'IPilxcrtded cent and oxides of nitrogen were found to be as bjh eg?43Q pfti&T^ The temporarily controlled the gas problem undergraraL\3s Many dust cotiSts e during drilling and sucking operations, ijmrajjhcentrations, whilf ' being done, were effectively lowered tTgmSjBL mp/efa to 10 mp/efa Silica content of the gran- ite thrjrattwank this tunnel was driven^ er cent SIQg or free silica and^d^^oent total SiOg. The ` and other underground work j^SwSs surface operations are describe ' thod of taking blood (gfeiMfcicn of the miners and a close-up ' that developed during the driving of this tunnel* The Big Thompson; sion Tunnel designed to divert water froa the western slope to the eastern under Continental Divide, is discussed* This tunnel when completed be 13*2 miles in length, The method of driving this tunnel is comparable to of the Carlton Drainage Tunnel* Engineering data obtained froa the Carlton is bting used to ad- vantage in driving the Big Thompson Tunnel. The Big Tuanel may be con sidered as two individual tunnels which will meet appro: y six and one half miles underground, each half of the tunnel being similar Carlton Tunnel insofar as msthod of drilling and problems which are confro! the operators. 409 gxhangtinff Fiber end Dust in Tire Inmlatlcq Psona. Dept, of Labor and Ind'*, Safe Practice Bull., Ho*9$, pp* 6 (April, 1942). A description of the dust control system used in a plant producing aabestos- covared wire* There are two general types of asbestos application here, one ir. the spool form (to be used for braiding the outside of the finished wire), and the ether the ball or lap form of asbestoe which is losssly wound on a reel (used on the carding machines) and applied to the wire in the form of a felt* The re sulting dust, if uncontrolled, is not only a health hasard but, since it has a decided abraeive action, is also deleterious to machintry sad other plant equip- ot. The duat control installation described is considered a model of its kind and has proved not only a safeguard for health but hae produced some revue from the salvage of waste fiber which previously bad bean lost* Industrial Hygiene Digest - 21. 410 Researches on the Prerantlon of Industrial Anthrax: tea Disinfection of Aniaal Hair by Steam. S. Hailar and K. Heicaen. Zent. f. Bakt., 147 . 209-222 (July 7, 1941). (German). The efficiency of two types of steam disinfector for treating tales of animal hair was tested by thrusting into the bales a "spear" carrying a thermal element and a capsule containing anthrax spores, the viability of which was tested at the end of each trial. Bales of haix>^roB various species from 20 sources were examined, tinder the ordinary^^ttiyg conditions the spores remained aliva^ in 127 tests, largely becaifber^ie interior of the bale was not always ed to^^^tespemure at wfaio^ateriiization is effective. The authors1 aendatic* ipvol^^kpadfittf^i hair and sterilizing it at 104C in ett^osSKets, This pro'b^te inc^^^^^^^iger to the worker, and protective jgtowjMrshould be worn. A " 411 Prohlea of H Q, 1097 1342). A of ts of expe: eczema caused by always the alkali. A kaline soaps. The author constituents of which are It is helpful in preventing sensitive to alkali end of Skin. W. Burckhardt. (German). Abstr. fros z. fchsehr., 849 (March 7, ine substancesi^&^athogeaeais of eczemas, tests are qrfMrtga?aad observations on patients offsh^S^S^Astnce is not the perfume but _ al skin cleaasors to replace alparties of a skin cleanser the active foaates. It Is effective and harmless, tfrcplarly in persons whose skin is hyperlives frequent oleansing of tha hands. 412 c^a*w*<!ms Deterwmi lenO.v-JrA.M.. 804-817 (March 7, 1942). An extensive art; ___ the cleansing^ thi Many points concerning the nechanisa ar ^controversial but ja?at1 aade to indicate the most satisfac |li5atiocs at the pres<~^ ` pita of the large amount of fg on the subject of del s, aj3g$iaida*entai problems reo&ln Further elucidation of the'' as^Mpraification S^J1 valuablei as wall as a study of tors^&actlng penetration of of d.targnts thTr^^TofloU yer$2^ the skinc. alTlh,efoerxact further investigation. The pathogenesis of t deroatitis\&pa the use of deter gents especially, sad tha development of a rtlieb&Jitjndard patch test or other tests to aid in tha proper-interpretations of ths cma} factors of such a derma titis, are subjects for consideration by laboratory c clinical workers, with further research on sons of these subjects there would ftadbubtedly be developed more effective sad safer detergents and perhaps s more e&ictlve method of akin sterilization without injury to the skin. 413 Dermatitis Control in a Mass Production Industry. T.F. Mocndj?. Ifld. Med., II, (lad. Hyg. Sect., j), 191-19S (April, 1942). The four factors in dermatitis prevention -- personal cleanliness, elimination of irritant material from contact, use of protective clothing, and application of protective creaas -- are discussed briefly, with special reference to their use in the Ford plant at River Rouge. These control measures, together with good housekeeping, have lowered the incidence of dermatitis to less thx 11/2 cases for each 1,000 of plant population per month. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 22 Industrial Medical Practice 414 Dental Status of Adult Mine and Smelter Workers. H.P. Brinton, D.C. Johnston and .0. Thocpson. Pub.Health Reota., 7, 215-228 (February 13, 1942). Dental examinations were made on 2,365 adult sale workers in 3 industries in tah. The D.M.F. (number of teeth untreated dental caries, plus filled test&4 plus missing teeth,) per JgfljSat'was 1*446 among coal mine workers, l.j etal mine industries, anff'^^4samong smelter workers. The data foi " atioa^are arranged^hforttug to age groups. Missing teeth wer< adulteix 15 5fl\OTv all miners were toothless. Gingivitis about 30$ for years of the 40 h' to 65. Pyorrhea shows a prevalen than ip and slightly over 65$ for the to 65 >loyed in a lead mine showed a lea all but one pyorrhea was present in 72$ .M.F. rates for the n Uetroml&b lees than for a group of>*Sl of the studied previ ,but the difference is ng&<QtfTIcant wh s are taken into There were some dif- between fOperable to the yo and betwe rkers eidences of the diseases, bable reason is the exposure to leed of members 415 Dental Services in In&ia r. Ind.Med., ^ 157-163 (April, 1942). The foremost cause of im is the common cold, snd the second is defective teeth r about 2S$ Several'instances of the prevalence of b*d o sed in various ways; the number of persons having defad&vtbgteth wgrl'es f to 95$ of the total included in the particular Some industries e progress in correcting such conditions ir employees, to too little is being done. The average fcxtaSiaation- does not im ` and follow-ups when teeth are c are usually more desul test. A table of various shows the ratio between c septic roots, on the one common colds on the other, t. Another table shows other diseases to be more preval nditiens are bad. A g list of diseases attributable to bad te' _ A table of non-occu- pational causes of absence includes only a *all ^ercamt^e attributable direct ly to dental conditions, but three types of disdM^directlv traceable to dental conditions (arthritis, gastro-latestinal snd gmaiw-jiginary), caused 67$ of the total days lost* Great improvement in general healsT-of employees of one com pany followed elimination of their south infections, Imc^L^uch clinics are urged for all industries. They will reduce compensation becit8e\they will prevent dis ease. Such a program requires the action and cooperatiofeofx the industrial executive, the in&Strial physician, the private practltidhv and the worker him self. The greatest difficulty is in interesting the worked Posters will help, but education is necessary. - 416 Periodic Physical examination! in Terma of Results. B.M. Graham. Ind.Ued., U, 112-115 (March, 1942) Beginning in 1922, examinations of all the operating employees of the Pullman Company were conducted, end the author reports on the 1940 survey and & comparison with the earliest surveys. Comparisons are given for 16 classes of disease. Some of the most striking features of the report are: 10$ increase in defects or chronic diseases in spite of pre-employment examinations and per iodic check-up; a decrease of active tuberculosis cases from 14 to 2; increase in hernia from 5 to 7$; and in general when there has been an increase, the con ditions are usually the result of chrcnic degwierative changes, or the diseases of aging. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 22 417 The tnfluence of Vj-tanHw b (Conniex) Surplus on the Capacity for Muscular and Mental fork. 2. Simonson and H. Inzer. J.Ind.Hyg. 4 Tox., 2$, 35-90 (Apr. 1942). The effect of vitamin B (complex) surplus (6 mgm thiamine, 80 nicotinamide, 8 mgm riboflavin, etc*) on tbe capacity for muscular and mental work was studied in 12 normal, healthy subjects end compared with a control group of 11 normal subjects. No effect of vitamin B intake was seen in S different types of mus cular work. Vitamin B surplus increased the fusion frequency of flicker in 3 of 12 subjects. The first measurable increase appeared after 3 weeks intake; the effect reached its After 5 weeks vitamin 3 intake, and dropped to the initial values during 4 to 6 weeks cessation of vitamin B intake. All of the experimental group and only 1 of the control group experienced sub^ jec$i?iv improvement of marking ' A favorable influence on the capa$ for al; types of^%prk characferi* fatigue of the central nervous may )eci of normal healthy people if a conside, plus of\i added to the normal diet. -- Author; 418 Cardlovaa< .Supervisors. W.L.Cock. Presented :er. Assoc, of Ind. Phys. ;innati, 0., April, 1942. This surv< irmine the incidence of cgadio'^s^fcular disease in a group of i ttlves and whether mutiSkllalted type of examin- att proceaa in its ag^ggjF'stages. The incidence .ties eei Electro abnoreal. Blood pres Loni abnormal. Fluoroscopy 9.2$ abnormal cardiac contours, Auscultation with significant ourmirs. Urinalysis with positive findings, There were 13.IS of the more findings which deviated from the normal. Indi _v branch block as the only abr.or- aality or those exhlhiKl!^^}iypertension certainly susceptible to car- diovascular accidaaw7))T5e eight'cas$j osuria should have definitely benefited from <a&yttfBcovery. The feicf^led 37$ of this group were, from this limited^B^catlon, not candidate ` .oyascular accidents is comfort- ing k&amj^&n^lt la believed that thCy ni work will be enhanced by repeJ&$s$*o*cause esr^a borderline fas of definite abnormalities o %n*cked for comparison and bserWdL )e>teP3ioo in Workers over Forty Tears of A&^Pre Report. A.M. istar"and S. Dack.~Xnd. Med., U, 14S-U7 (April,,,19 The authors report an analysis of the data of blcfqnrea. of nearly 5500 workers over 40 years of age. In 3665 males the &sx3&ce of hypertension (ISO cystolic or 90 diastolic or more) was 25.7$ between 4<Ksad 49 years rising to 35.7$ between SO sad 59 years, and 52.8$ between 60 ah^SP years. The respective incidences in the 1788 females were 40.2, 51.5 and 71.4^&ese percentages are considerably higher than any published heretofore, but it^Sywobable that at least this incidence of hypertension holds for the general gelation. Hyper tension within certain limits is concomitant of the aging precsss. Since the spea of life is increasing yearly it will be found that millions of people in the general population have some degree of bypertnsloa. Since hypertension is such a coasaon finding over the age of 40, it should not be considered a sole cause of rejection for employment, unless it is excssslve. This should serve to reassure both industry and labor. 420 Aphonia in Telephone Operators. Queries 4 Minor Notes. J.A.H.A. 118. 857, (March 7, 1942). Loss of voice does not commonly occur as an occupational disability in telephone operators. There Is no significant change after three years or more of service, careful inquiry reveals. Instances do not occur freqpsntly enough to be a cause ffiT concern in the industry. Industrial Hygiace Digest - 24 421 The Treatment of Fiet and Eve Burna with a Sulfhvdrvl Solution. A.E.Crethirds. Ind. tied., H, 1X)9-U2, (March, 1342). Favorable results were reported ia 43 eases of hires involving injury to the eyes sad other parts of the face, treated with an aqueous solution of sulfhy- dryl, as described in Abstract No.219 (February, 1942). The outstanding advan tages of this solution are: (1) the prompt alleviation of pain; (2) the foraa- ticn of a flexible eschar; (3) a ai*<of scarring and contractures; (4) pre vention of infection; (S) complete lack of to^city; (8) ease of application and low expense, and (7) a rapidity of healing vastly more prompt than any other bum treatments used by the author! ,422 21 Lon In Industrial Health Seeger* J.A.M.A., 1017-1019, The ohfSe^ive! ^ edicine may be In general beyond the averaga^nqtitit 'has been a lag in the absorption in <T**fr* medicine on the part of practicing jfcyBtopuis due to two facto! ily rapid development of industryjKurcta^?ailure of medical roper emphasis to the trainintfoStj jndents, both and to assiffi to prevents msaxcine the place which ere are shortages In the three pro- chasm rvlce to indugmvJgSe medical and profession- .s and are under hxn8ligation to create or la- o^ortunitiee 423 War and Industrial Healf umings. Ind Had., ^ (lad. Hyg. Sect., 186-187 Up; Many new workers are those recruited for service, working hours are being length materials are produced. Therefore the need of health idJs_soted f workers is greater than in normal times. Goveremeat/jfcit?s bavfeafcend r industrial hygiene divisions during recent However, little ha done to Improve health service within oan^mMufal industries, the continuation of ejd.at- ing facUjdo^ ^Compete:tly trained^i^lst cians, hygienists, chemists or suxdM^aaculd not be diverted from positions in industry to .tar7 service which do not these practically irreplace- Lteroretaticn of the Patch Teat. G.L* Le 177-179 (Apr.1942). This is an editorial calling attention to some .tions to be used in making patch tests* Careful training in the ique is necessary. Differ- ent parts of the body of-the same person differ y in sensitivity, so the results on one portion of the skin are not neces nclusive as to the sen sitivity of another portion* The areas tested s near aa possible to the site of the infla--ition but it should be at the part of the body nay hows been further sensitised* A worker should l4itfpatched with all the materials used in his occupation, and if all tha rosponse^Jre negative, other materials used in his home should be tried* The insulating material between the chemical and the adhesive plaster which affixes it should be non~irrit4tih<. Unvarnished cellulose azwi thin mica have been proved most innocuous. Whether the tests are negative or positive, other factors besides the results oust be considered*. 425 Why Industrial Disease Control is to Women Workers* M.T. Mettert. Occup* Has rds, ^, 10-13, (January, 1942). . The heavy influx of woml into industry presents new problems in industrial lie- ease control* There is s definite sex variant in illness* The national Health Survey showed that among men and women workers 15 to 64 years old woman Industrial Hygiane Digest - 25, experienced * higher sickness rat* la every age group, the difference increasing with age* Women are noro susceptible to certain industrial poisons, especially lead and benzol, the latter even producing a different reaction than in men* Young wemen are also particularly susceptible to polsoos affecting the nervous system, such as carbon disulfide. Among hazardous processes employing sore wnon recently is dial painting with radioactive palate. There is sene evidence thet women's susceptibility may in. part be due to poor nutrition because of lower wage scales* 426 maoaM *+ Bones 1942)7 L. Teleky. IndJKed., 164-1 .... dis< all JfctiTd^ne diseases of any importance thet are, partly be^uhetio: including pboephomecroeis octaltls^o/^thd^-of- pearl, ad caisson dii sher effects of fluorine, the skeletg&MrEens of Injuries fzm orerexertion* In the fcw&Stegory are a number of ' it are obsolete or unimportant iwkirjsrally, but "shovol at is discussed at seme ^gagteJ/The effects of use of pneuu icussod* 427 a Joint Sei tho Sube Industrial Health and on Industrial Health. Aaerl- >rll 4, 1942). if it seems in the intefii Industry, an agency for the dlsacmla- ation of industrial health be created which will probably be directly attached to the sul Industry is to absorb the products of accelerated industrial concomitant program of training industry in the advaati <slon over workers.is indispenable* The principal probl< s to .which are, or consider themselves, unable lndivid\ lupport medlcaj_and ~~ |.ng programs. Council on In 118. 818-819, fourth article on a series ion of the industrial physician of unhoalthful occupational expo )e a reliable and inexpensive method of be based a program of adequate control is outlined for the physician* industry. The primidentification and studios have proved e data on which ng such a survey 429 Occupational tafr Compensable Disease with Special Hefafreiftce to Tuberculosis. L. Brahdy. lad* Med., ii, 147-150. (April, 1942). The author compares tho compensation lews cf the vario^ ee according to whether ocemotional diseases are compensable and if so, or by schedule or by blanket coverage. Cremation for tuberculoels is t\ as follows: ccmpenaatlon is payable for tuberculoels (1) when it la ci by an injury which in Itself is compensable, wherever there is a espensetloa law; (2) when caused by an occupational disease which In itself is compensable, whether blan ket coverage or a schedule prevails; and (8) when caused by occupational contact with tuberculous patients or bacilli* Tho last applies*ere there Is blanket coverage and in Massachusetts where occupational contact la specifically includ ed* The methods of extending compensation lama are lifted* The whole structure of cpensation lav and occupational health rests with the medical data* When physicians fall to recoils# the occupational origin of a disease, or incorrect ly class one as occupational, its prevention la impossible. All compensation laws acknowledge that physicians are the sole authorities In the field, and they must accept the responsibility* IaduatrUl Sfcrgieae Digest - 2$. 430 Upolosr* Scmo Industrial and Compensation Aspect*. A.J, Greenbexger and k.Z, Groonberser. Ind.Med.. 11. 123-127 {March, lcaai. The author* discus* various phases of urolcgy is relation to ccmpensatloa eases. Thorough examination tad history taking hare is many ease* dcnstrated non-occupatlonal causes, often infection, for injuries tailored by the patient to be of occupational origin. The relationship of bladder tuaor and renal calculi to trauma is illustrated with ease presentations* Other subjects cowered aro the relation of traiaa to tuberculosis and^to epididymo-erchitis. 431 rtion in Industrial Medici T.L. Hazlott. *16 (March, 1942}* ' itrial leal proffSMon^ln general has suffered fron lack of T\ ictie* the^Mimaibillty that it should have, mostly b^hopi^in. ucted by physicians who here had nrfmLng in fieli .who. t aa secondary to private practice. fsTah<Sftaedy lies uetrial medicine in medical schtt^ mneuia* A CO) medicine should be given tl^ujndwrgraduatos, and aoAent of the worker, jp^rtl2i)rTole of the physi- clan ccupetlcns and cargdi^Mloyees, both under baz* .tioi sin health proffiV^Tmreld trips should be made .-organ! *< lust cal depaiwahi.^Sueh a course, preforably in^tha senior year, ran an ^tfcuptas 20 hours, would give a stla- ulus for future work*' ^specialists la industrial medicine, on a par with other should be given* 432 The Status of Medicolegal Jotmstone. Zad. Med., ^ 104-106, (March, 1942). Before the advent f tho ethical physician waa rarely doandx charlatan was more often soon a the wltndfc^hStad. How, lnicn is required in every occupational^AlSeupB case before an In&i cident Demission or similar body* Ttara^ro^hree groups of cas* ^ testimony: (1) those in whieflQmp^-extent of disability from d; (2) those involving dlggmlt^hT Industrial poisoning, and g tho speculative reln- between an alleged traima and a In compensation tion, medical testimony is derived tho claimant1 s physi- 'an, usually the fully doctor, and tho indti*: an* Since the latter appears aero frequently in court, ho is often judlce in favor of the uploysr or insurance carrior. The author s statistics and evidence to disprove any contention of prejuiice, and to show op'ther that he renders on equitable decision in favor of the claimant in 98jt cases he examines. The statistic!, from California records, reveal that in c<&tamtloa of the largo nuaber of Industrial easoa in which he is engaged each ffik ho appears before tho Industrial Accident Comission comparatively few tlmei&/thus dispelling any insinuation that ha is comparable to tho "professional* aero^L witness of the ccmea courts* finally, from the analysis of tho survey by the Amorican Medical Association, it is apparent that the insurance carrier is United in the choice of a medical witness in any given comunity when the modicologal probloa involves an opinion regarding tho induetrial origin of tho claim, simply by the ccmpcra- tlvely small amber of physicians -- 1,283 out of 120,000, who can be recorded as competent in industrial medicine. 433 Tho Hurao in Industry. H.Belden. Conn. Health Bull., 39*41 (?ebruary,1942). Tho factions of tho industrial nurse, all leading to reduction of absentoois, aro discussed briefly; (1) knowledge of tho raw materials usod and product! nods, their potential hazard*, end what wexkors are o^osod to tbs; (2) attention to illness from causes net associated directly with employment; (3) keeping accur ate records f absenteeism* Industrial Sygisne Digest - 27, 434 The Zcono"*g Exacts of Industrial Cage of Health. A. Marcus* Zentralbl. f. Gawerbehvg*. 29. 113-119 (1941). (Osman) 7 Tho euthor first discusses the American data os costs caused by illness and accidents, showing that there are about 9 days disability through sickness and non-Industrial accidents annually per person in the tf.S.A* The sickness insur ance in a large Goman plant shows 17 days of illness per worker* The author estimated, tho total loss of work time in Gexnony to be'1.5 billion work hours, and the loss of production to be 19 b ion R.M. The employment of factory physicians is the most hopeful me decreasing this lost time* The regula tlcas^pr industry and workers' tions issued in Germany outline the tasktCeif these ph*icions, wjjeks be appointed in every factory. Thoj dutlQOrtt&lude aid, ideal examinations, advice to tho manej sanlt riser in ovary question of health* expoetod and Should "Offlco of cept in first aid end certain physic tho family doctor* Yearly reports 'a Protection*" " snts, to the 439 Pi afinaav in. itlna Industrial .Tullpen and P.A* 7ch, 1942). rocccB&ei and tabula procedure la disposing based onx ience eflne an occupational dexaa- say disease , curing, or in the course of a porson's work* This di rd/lnjury"* The procedure in aval- untlng causal relationship outline foam* first, the past sad prosent history are to be should bo placod oa whether i&iprove- seat of the eruption cci ef exposure sad exacerbation occurred on rosiaptlea of oxpost uld bo given to household and cvo cational oxpesuros* St4 cal oxnnination, Includes oxamin&- tion of the entip and the nstratlon by the pationt of his daily work rcutfiSiC*nuaber of cl f the eruption are to bo noted, Tho tcchnlquS>^cautlons and interpbgj ionk^&pjjpatch tosts ore next discusaod, with c^a4&6$gpian of "false positive,^ se TMrtive" sad "delayed" reactions, A IdafivdlSgl classes of substoacos for tosvg^slth rccocmended concontm- tidOA^sr prosentod. finally a careful oa )impartial opinion as tc relationship should take late accouat^^d&Ucf ndings described* Hbalth of the Worker la Industry in. War TlW. J'.G.' Ingham* Ccnad. Pub* Health I., 3, 562-564 (Hovmber, imV. In poaco time about 290 of all workers la industry^B^a important physical de- focts, aad the maber if now l&eroasod by the eallstmmvof fit persons and the employment of handicapped men and women* Accidents arw ^creasing, partly on account of new workers, supervisors aad methods of prodros&n, but they also in- orooso la XJO iadustrios whoro those conditions do not at Sickaoss is aero Important as far as output lost is concerned, reaching wof^rking time* Pro duction* however, is a much more sensitive Index of ill health than lost time, as is shown especially in tho offset of increased working hours* The Canadian Goversaont is considering limiting men to 11 hours a day or 60 a weak, and Moaan to 54 hours per woak with 1 day's rest in 7* Right work is increasing, but fortnightly changes of day sad night shifts have laeroassd output of production sad decreased sickness absences* Occupational disease is increasing, due to la crosse* exposure* However, aoa-oceupatloaal illness remains the meet important curb oa output* The laoroosed aoeds of medical inspection, prearployaont and periodical examination, supervision of first aid end education In personal health cro stressod. Acetylene determination 401 Anthrax 410 Aphonia, in telephone operators 420 Asbestos!s Aspergill 3tt xhbb (April, 1942) Fluorine, determination 394 400 Huaidity. effoct Hydrogen sele 5> 3voertavm luartz Detcmiaatioa 398 rata of solution 396 Silicon 365 Silicosis chemical examinatlo 362 coroner's proh tuberculosis 67 iDental service. industrial 414*415 Dermatitis control cyanide diagnosis olastiglass mango parsley plastics solvent 413 386 435 391 392 393 369 387 Fatigue 376-377 Fluorides, metaboll; 364 Paint industry. 384 Patch tests 424 Phoegcne 374 Physical examinations cardiovascular 418 poriodlc 416 Plasties industry, ****"* 389 Pronvlono glycol 360 wigar industry, hazards 390 Surveys, industrial barmens technic 399-428 358 phosphate 373 Tuberculosis co&pensetlcn 429 Turpentine 372 traviolet burns 375 . industrial 430 effect on capacity 417 on 407*408-409 tries, hazards 13-423-436 Women in industry 425 21no 379