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< 1910.1000 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBPART Z--TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES caK. Z 1910.1000--AIR CONTAMINANTS An employee's exposure to any material listed in table Z-l, Z-2, or Z-3 of this section shall be limited in accordance with the requirements of the following paragraphs of this section. (a) Table Z-l: (1) Materials with names preceded by "C"-- ceiling values. An employee's exposure to any material in table Z-l, the name of which is pre ceded by a "C" (e.g., C Boron triflouride), shall at no time exceed the ceiling value given for that material in the table. (2) Other materials--8-hour time weighted av erages. An employee's exposure to any material in table Z-l. the name of which is not preceded by "C". in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week, shall not exceed the 8-hour time weighted average given for that material in the table. Table Z-l Substance p.p.m.* mg./M* * Acetaldehyde 200 Acetic acid___ Acetic anhydride................... . Acetone.................................... Acetonitrile........ ..................... 10 5 1,000 40 Acetylene dichlortde, sec 1,2Dichloroethylene.:.............. Acetylene tetrabromide..___ 1 Acrolein............ ....... .............. 0.1 Acrylamide--Skin.......... I-- Aldrin--Skin................................. Allyl alcohol--Skin..................... Allyl chloride............................... 2 1 f* Allylclycldyl ether (AGE) 10 Allyl propyl disnlflde................. 2 2-Aminoethanol. see Ethanolamine............................ ............. 2-A ni inopyridine......................... 0.5 Ammonia -.................................. Ammonium sulfamate (Ani mate).................i....................... SO n-Amyl acetate............................ 100 sec-Amyl acetate......................... 125 Aniline-Skin.............................. 5 Ani.Mdine (o. p-isomers)--Skin... Antimony and compounds (asSli)....................................... AXTU (alpha naphthyl thiourea)..................................... See footnotes at end of table. 360 25 20 2,400 70 14 a 25 0.3 0.25 5 3 45 12 35 15 525 650 19 0. 0.5 0.3 Table Z-l--Continued Substance p.p.m.a mg./M*^ Arsine......................................... 0.05 Azinphos-methyl--Skin............... .................. 0.2 . 0.2 Barium (soluble compounds)......................... ,0. 5 p-llenzoquinone, see Quinone. -................ 1----- :t'.. * A Benzoyl peroxide.................................. ........ 5 *-i Benzyl chloride.......................... 1 5. Biphenyl, see Diphenyl............... ...................................... Boron oxide.................................................... 15 C Boron trlfluoride....................Bromine....................................... 1 0.1 3 0.7 Bromoform--Skin....................... 0.5 Butadiene (1.3-butadiene)____ 1,000 5 2,200 Butanethiol, see Butyl mer- captan......................................... 2-Butanone.................................. 2-Butoxy ethanol (Butyl Cel- losolve)--Skin........................... Butyl acetate (n-butyl acetate). sec-Butyl acetate......................... 200 50 150 200 590 240 710 950 tert-Butyl acetate..................... Butyl alcohol............................... sec-Butyl alcohol....................... . 200 100 150 950 300 450 tert-Butyl alcohol..................... 100 C Butylamine--Skin.................. 5 300 15 C tert-Butyl chromate (as CrO)--Skin............................... ai n-Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE).. Butyl mercaptan........... ............ 50 10 270 35 p-tert-Butyl toluene..................... 10 60 Calcium oxide. Carbaryl (Sevin)....... ............................... Carbon black.................................................. Carbon dioxide........................... 5,000 Carbon monoxide.......... ............. 50 Chlordane--Skin........... ................................ Chlorinated camphene--Skin............ .......... Chlorinated diphenyl oxide.............. ........... C Chlorine.....................-............ 1 chlorine dioxide._____________ 0.1 C Chlorine trlfluoride................. ; 0.1 C Chloroacetaldehyde........... . 1 a-Chloroacetophenone (phenacylchloride)................... 0.05 Chlorobenzene (monochloro- benzene).................. ......... .... 75 o-Chlorobenzjiidene maiononitrile (OCBM)______ 0.05 Chlorobromomethane............. .. 200 2-Cli!oro-1.3-butadiene, see Chloroprene....... .................... Chlnrbdiphenyl (42 percent Chlorine)--Skin..................... Chlorodiphcnyl (51 percent Chlorine)--Skin................... 1-Ciiloro.2.3-opoxy propane, see Epichlorhydrill................... . 2-Chloroethanol. see Ethylene chlorohydrin......................... 5 2 5 3.5 9,000 55 0.5 0.5 as 3 0.3 a4 3 0.3 350 0.4 1,050 1 0.5 1910.1000(a)(2) 696 Change 22 UCTC 21207 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.100MnM2) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Table Z-l--Continued Substance p.p.m. Chloroethylene, see Vinyl chloride.................................... C Chloroform (trichlorom ethane).................................. 1-Chloro-l-nitropropane Chloropicrin................................ Chloroprene (2-chloro-l,3- butadiene)--Skin.. ................. 50 20 0.1 25 Chromium, sol. chromic, chromous salts as Cr............. Metal and insol. salts................ Coal tar pitch volatiles (ben zene soluble fraction) anthra cene. BaP. phenanthrene, acridine, chrysene, pyrene____ Cobalt, metal fume and dust___ Copper fume............. -.................. Dusts and Mists....................... Cotton dust (raw)................... . Crag herbicide............ . - Cresol (all isomers)--Skin--------Crotonaldehyde........................... Cumene--Skin............................ Cyanide (as CN)--Skin............ Cyclohexane.......................... Cyclohexanoi.... Cyclohexanone............................ Cyclohexene---- --------- ------------- Cyclopentadiene......................... -- 5 2 60 300 50 50 300 75 2,4-D............................................. DDT-Skin..--.......................... DDVP, Skin 1................................ Decabora ne --Skin--................ Demeton--Skin.............. -........ _ D (acetone alcohol (4-hydroxy- 4-methyI-2-pentanone)............ 0.05 50 1.2-diaminoeUiane, see Ethylenedlarolne.................... Diazomethane............................ Diborane.......... .......................... 02 0.1 Dibutyl Phosphate_____ _____ 1 Dlbutyiphthaiate......................... C o-Dichlorobenzene.................. 50- p-Dichlorobenzene....... ............... 75 Dichlorodifluoromethane.......... 1,000 1.3-D lchloro-6,5-dimethyl hydantoin.............. .............-- 1.1-Dichloroethane....... ............... 100 1.2-Dlchloroethylene..... ............. C Dichloroethyl ether--Skin__ 200 IS Dichloromethane. see Methylenechlorlde.................... Dichloromonofluororoethane... 1,000 C 1,1-Dichloro-l-oltroethane___ 1.2-Dichloropronane. see 10 Propyleneaicnloride__________ Dichiorotetrafluoroethane......... 1,000 Dieldrin--Skin______ __________ Diethylamine.............................. Diethylamino ethanol--Skin__ 25 10 Diethylether, see Ethyl ether... Difluorodibromomethane........... 100 C Diglycidyl ether (DOE)........ as Dihydroxybenzene, see Hydroquinone..... ..................... Diisobutyl ketone....................... Diisopropylamine--Skin............ 50 5 See footnotes at end of table. Change 8 mg./M* * 240 100 0.7 90 0.5 1 0.2 0.1 0.1 1 1 15 22 6 245 5 1,050 200 200 1,015 200 10 1 1 0.3 ai 240 0.1 5 5 300 450 4,950 B2 400 790 90 4,200 7,000 a 25 75 50 860 2.8 290 20 Table Z-l--Continued Substance p.p.m. mg./M* * Dimethoxymethane, see Metbylal..... ............................. Dimethyl acetamide--Skin........ 10 35 Dimethylamine.................... ...... 10 18 Dimethylaminobenzene, see' Xylidene................................... . Dimethylaniline(N-dimethyl- aniline)--Skin......................... 25 Dimethylbenzene, see Xylene... Dimethyl l,2-dibromo-2,2-dl- chloroethyl phosphate, (Dibrom)......................... _____ 3 Dimethylformamide--Skin____ 10 30 2,6-Dimethylheptanone, see Diisobutyl ketone..................... 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine--Skin__ v \ t /. as .......:r Dimethylphthalate..... ................. "5 Dimethylsuliate--Skin......... .... 5 Dinitrobenzene (all isomers)-- Skin........................................... Dlnitro-o-cresol--Skin____ .;.... 1 a2 Dinitrotoluene--Skin________ ... 1.5 Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)-- Skin........................................... 100 360 Diphenyl........ ............................ 0.2 1 Diphenylmethane dHsocyanate (see Methylene blsphenyl isocyanate (MDI)...................... Dipropylene glycol methyl ether--Skin............................... 100 600 Di-sec, octyl phthalate (Dl-2- . . .ethylhexylphthalate) Endrfn--Skin 7 5 ai Epichlorhydrin--Skin......----- 5 19 EPN--Skin....................................................... a5 1.2-Epoxypropane; see Propyleneoxide............. 2.3-Epoxy-l-propanol, see Olyddol........................ . Ethanethiol, see Ethylmer- captan.............................................. ......... Ethanolamine.................... .......... 3 2-Ethoxyethanol--Skin________ 200 2-Ethoxyethylacetate (Cello- solve acetate)--Skin_________ 100 Ethyl acetate............. ................ 400 Ethyl acrylate--Sldn__________ 25 Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)________ 1,000 Ethylamine...................... 10 Ethyl sec-amyl ketone (5- methyl-3-heptanone)________ 25 Ethyl benzene..... ........................ 100 Ethyl bromide............................ 200 Ethyl butyl ketone (3- Heptanone)...______________ 50 Ethyl chloride.............................. 1,000 Ethyl ether.............. 400 Ethyl formate....... ....... 100 6 740 540 1,400 100 1,900 18 130 435 890 230 2,600 1,200 300 C Ethyl mercaptan____________ 10 Ethyl silicate................................ . 100 Ethylene chlorohydrin--Skin__ 5 25 850 16 Ethylenediamine.................. 10 C Ethylene glycol dinltrate and/or Nitrozlycerin--Skin... * a 2 Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, see Methyl cellosolve acetate___________ __________ Ethylene imine--Skin................. a5 25 1 I See footnotes at end of table. 697 1910.1000(aX2) UCTC 21208 1910.1000(a)(2) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Table Z-l--Continued Substance p.p.m. Ethylene oxide.................t........ Ethyl idine chloride, see 1,1- Dlchloroethane....................... N-Ethylmorphollne--Skin-----Ferbam........................................ Ferrovanadium dust.............. Fluoride (asF)........................... Fluorine...................................... . Fluorotrichloromethane Formic acid................................ . Furfural--Skin............................ Furfuryl alcohol Glycidol (2,3-Epoxy-l- propanol)............................... -- Glycol monoethyl ether, see 2-EthoxyethanoI...................... Guthion <g> see Azinphos- metljyl....................................... Hafnium............. ...................... Heptachlor--Skin--.................. Heptane (n-heptane)................ Hexachloroethane--Skin.--.... Hexachloronaphthalene--Skin.. Hexane (n-hexane)...................... 2-Ilexanone................... .............. Hexone (Methyl isobutyl ketone).............. ....................... seo-Hexyl acetate........... ............. Hydrazine--Skin......................... Hydrogen bromide.................... C Hydrogen chloride.................. Hydrogen cyanide--Skin........... Hydrogen peroxide (90%)_____ Hydrogen selenide.............. ........ Hydroquinone--....................... C Iodine_________________ ____ Iron oxide fume..________ ____ Isoamyl acetate.......................... Isoamyl alcohol Isobutyl acetate_____ _____ ___ Isobutyl alcohol......................... Isophorone:.. Isopropyl acetate....................... Isopropyl alcohol Isopropylamine....... ........ ........... Isopropylether.............................. Isopropyl glyddyl ether (IQE). Ketene............. ....... ..................... Lindane--Skin-----------------------Lithium hydride......................... L.P.G. (liquified petroleum gas)........................... ................ Magnesium oxide fume...______ Malathlon--Skin............. ......... Maleic anhydride________ _____ C Manganese__ ____ __________ Mesityl oxide........ ........... ........... Methanethlol, see Methyl mercaptan........................ ...... . Methoxychlor....... ........................ 2-Methoxyethanol, see Methyl cellosolve....... ......................... Methyl acetate............................ Methyl acetylene (propyne)___ Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture (MAPP)..................... Methyl acrylate--Skin............... Methylal (diraethoxymethane).. Methyl alcohol (methanol)......... SO 20 0.1 1,000 5 5 50 SO 500 1 500 100 100 60 1 3 5 10 1 0.05 ai 100 100 150 100 25 250 400 5 600 50 as 1,000 0.25 25' 200 1,000 1,000 10 1,000 200 mg./M* 90 94 15 1 2.5 a2 5,600 9 20 200 150 &5 V. ft 2,000 10 a2 1,800 410 410 300 L3 10 7 11 1.4 a2 2 1 10 525 360 700 300 140 950 980 12 2,100 240 ao as a 025 1,800 15 15 1 5 100 15 610 1,650 1.800 - 35 3,100 260 _____________ Table Z-l--Continued ______Substance____________p.p.m.* mg./M* Methylamine............................. . 10 Methyl amyl alcohol, see Methyl isobutyl carblnol-------------- ------- 12 Methyl (n-amyl) ketone (2- Heptanone)............................... 100 465 C Methyl bromide--Skin': 20 80 Methyl butyl ketone, see 2- Hexanone___________________ Methyl cellosolve--Skin........... 25 80 - Methyl cellosolve acetate--Skin 25 Methyl chloroform....................... 350 120 1.900 Methylcyclohexane................. . Methylcyclohexanol....... .......... . 500 100 2,000 470 0-Methylcydohexanone--Skin. . 100 9 ^460w [`I, Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), % see 2-Butanone........ ............. .... Methyl formate.......... .............. . 100 250 Methyl iodide--Skin................... 5 28 Methyl isobutyl carblnol--Skin. 25 100 Methyl isobutyl ketone, see Hexone____ _______ ____________________ Methyl isocyanate--Skin........ . 0.02 a os C Methyl mercaptan-..................... 10 20 Methyl methacrylate........ .......... 100 410 Methyl propyl ketone, see 2* Pentanone_____________________________ C a Methyl styrene.......... ........ 100 480 C Methylene bisphenyl Isocyanate (MDI)______ ____ 0.02 0.2 Molybdenum: Soluble compounds................ ................. Insoluble compounds 5 15 Monomethyl aniline--Skin____ 2 9 C Monomethyl hydrazine-- Skin........................................... 0.2 0.35 Morpholine--Skin_______________ 20 70 Naphtha (coaltar)_____________ Naphthalene...... ....................... Nickel carbonyl.......................... 100 10 0.001 400 50 a 007 Nickel, metal and soluble crapds, as Ni.--------- ------- ---------------------Nicotine--Skin.... 1 as Nitric acid.................................... 2 6 Nitric oxide___ ______ ________ p-Nitroanillne--Skin.................. Nitrobenzene--Skin...........,___ 25 1 1 30 e 6 p-Nitrochlorobenzene--SkinI-------- 1 Nitroethane................................. 100 310 C Nitrogen dioxide __________ 5 9 Nitrogen trifluoride....... ............. 10 29 C Nitroglycerin--Skin a2 2 Nitrometnane. 100 250 1-Nitropropane......... ......... .-- 25 90 2-Nitropropane_________ ______ 25 90 Nitrotoluene--Skin:................... 5 30 Nitrotrichloromethane, see Chloroplcrln............... .................. Octachloronaphthalene--Skin____ ai Octane....................... .............. 500 2,350 Oil mist, mineral........ ...................... 5 Organic Arsenic compounds (as As) 0.6 Osmium tetroxlde........ ......... ......... Oxalic acid..------ ------------------------- Oxygen difluoride...................... . a os 0.002 1 0.1 Ozone...... ...................... ............... Oil Paraquat--Skin.................... ........................... Parathion--Skin--.............. ............................ Pentaborane.................... .......... Ot 005 0.2 as ai aoi -- See footnotes at end of table. 1910.1000(a)(2) 698 Change 8 UCTC 21209 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH m<U000(aX2> STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Table Z-l--Continued ______ Substance___________ p.p.m. mg./M Pcntachloronaphthalene--Skin.. Pentachlorophenol--Skin............ Pentane.......... ........................... - 1,000 2-Pentanone................................. 200 Perchloromethyl mercaptan----- 0.1 Perchloryl fluoride...................... 3 Petroleum distillates (naphtha). 600 Phenol--Skin............................... 6 p-Phenylene diamine--Skin____ Phenyl ether (vapor)--........... 1 Phenyl ether-biphenyl mixture (vapor)................... 1 Phenylethylene, see Styrene..... Phenyl glycidyl ether (POE)... 10 Phenylhydrazlne--Skin 6 0.6 0.5 2,950 700 0.8 13.5 2,000 19 0.1 7 7 60 22 Phosdrin (Mevinphos )-- Skin........................... ................ Phosgene (carbonyl chloride)... Phosphine____ _____ __________ Phosphoric acid_____ _______ -- ....... . 0.1 0.3 ............ 0.1 0.4 &4 1 Phosphorus (yellow).................... ... phosphorus pentachlorlde--------- Phosphorus pentasulftde..._____ Phosphorus trichloride Phthalic anhydride___i............. Picric add--Skin........................ Pival (2-Plvalyl-l,3- indandione)________ .'I.-- :::::::::: .......... 0.5 2 .............. ............... 1 3 12 0.1 ai Platinum (Soluble Salts) as Pt............................................... ................ Propane 1,000 n-Propyl acetate...................-- 200 Propyl alcohol--....................... 200 n-Propyl nitrate.......................... 25 Propylene dichloride_____ ____ Propylene inline--Skin........... . 75 2 0.002 1,800 840 600 110 360 6 Propylene oxide........................... 100 240 Propyne, see Methylacetylene... Pyrethrum................ ................... ........... 5 Pyridine........ .............................. 5 15 Qninone_________ _____ _______ Oil 0.4 Rhodium, Metal fume and dusts, as Rh.________________ _________ : ai Soluble salts............................. --------------- aooi Ronnel._______ _______________ ................................ 15 Rotenone (commercial)________ .................. 6 Selenium compounds (asSe)____ .................. a2 Selenium hexafluoride a 05 . 0.4 Silver, metal and soluble com pounds................... ................... ............... Sodium fluoroacetate (1080)-- Skin.................... ........... .......... .................. Sodiuip hydroxide...___________ ................ Stlblne......................................... 0.1 0.01 0.05 2 0.5 Stoddard solvent..______ ____ 500 2,900 Strychnine___________ ______ __ ................................. ais Sulfur dioxide........................ . 5 Sulfur hexafluoride........ ............. 1,000 13 6,000 Sulfuric add.................................. Sulfur monochloride................... . ......... i.......... Sulfur pentafluorlde................... 0.025 6 0.25 Sulfuryl fluoride.............. ........... 6 20 Systox, see Demeton .......... ... 2,4,5T................................. ......... Tantalum...... ................................ 10 5 TEDP-Skin.............................. . Tellurium...................................... 0.2 0.1 Table Z-l--Continued____________ Substance____________ p.p.m.* mg./M* Tellurium hexafluoride............... a 02 TEPP--Skin.................................. .......... C Terphenyls............................... 1 1.1.1.2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoro- ethane......................................... 500 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloro-l,2-difluoro- ethane................... ................... .. 500 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane--Skin 5 Tetrachloromethane, see Carbon tetrachloride............................ . Tctrachloronaphthalene--Skin. .. Tetraethyl lead (as Pb)--Skin... Tetrahydrofuran....................... 200 Tetramethyl lead (as Pb)-- Skin............................................... Tetramethyl sucdnonitrlle-- Skin....... ................................... as Tetranitromethane 1 Tetryl (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl- methylnftramine)--Skin______ Thallium (soluble com pounds)--Skin as T1___________ Thiram....... .................................... . Tin (inorganic cmpds, except oxides......................... ................... Tin (organic cmpds)........ ............. C Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate____ 0.02 o-Toluidine--Skin........... ............ 6 Toxaphene, see Chlorinated camphene............... ...............-- Tributyl phosphate .......... -- 1.1.1-Trichloroethane see -- Methyl chloroform.... .......... ........ 1.1.2-Trichloroetbane--Skin____ 10 Titaniumdioxide_____________ -- _______ Trlchlorometbane, see Chloro form................... .......... ........ ........ Trichloronaphthalene--Skin_____ _____ 1.2.3-Trichloropropane 60 1,1,2-Trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoro- ethane______________________ 1,000 Triethylamine 25 Trifluoromonobromomethane__ 1.000 2.4.6-Trinitrophenol, see Picric acid.__ ...___ ........ 2.4.6-Trlnltrophenylmethyl- nltramine, see Tetryl--------------Trinitrotoluene--Skim;_________ ________ Triortbocresyl phosphate..........Triphenyl phosphate____________ ________ Turpentine.______ ____________ 100 Uranium (soluble compounds)... ________ Uranium (insoluble compounds). ________ C Vanadium: VtOt dust___ _________________ ___ ___ i VjOjfume..__ ____ ____________ Vinyl benzene, see Styrene...-- Vlnylcyanlde, see Acrylonitrile.. Vinyl toluene....._______ _____ Warfarin.______ ________________ .1.0.w0 .... Xylene (xylol) 100 Xylidine-Skin..-........................ 5 Yttrium.---------------------------------- _______ Zinc chloride fume______________ Zinc oxide fume_____ _____ ____ Zirconium compounds (as Zr)___ _______ _______ ............. 0.2 0.05 9 4,170 4,170 35 -2 0.075 690 0*..0S7*5**** 8 1.5 ai 5 2 0.1 0.14 22 '5 45 15 6 300 7,600 100 6,100 L6 0.1 3 560 0.05 0.25 as ai 480 ai 435 25 1 1 5 .5 See footnotes at end of table. Change 8 Footnotes continued on page 700. 699 UCTC 21210 1910.1000(a)(2) 1910.1 000(b)(2) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS "This standard applies in cotton yam manufacturing until compliance with 1910.1043 (c) and (e) is achieved. Parts of vapor or gas-per million parts of contami nated air by volume at 256 C. and 760 mm. Hg pressure. Approximate milligrams of particulate per cubic meter of air. (No footnote "c" is used to avoid confusion with ceiling value notations.) An atmospheric concentration of not more than 0.02 p.p.m., or personal protection may be necessary to avoid headache. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH employee's exposure to a material listed in table Z-2 shall not exceed at any time during an 8-hour shift the acceptable ceiling concentration limit given for the material in the table, except for a time period, and upl a concentration not exceeding the maximum duration and concent ration allowed in the'column under "acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentration for an 8-hour shift." (b) Table Z--2: (1) 8-hour time weighted averages. An employee's exposure to any material listed in table Z-2, in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week, shall not exceed the 8-hour time weighted average limit given for that material in the table. (2) Acceptable ceiling concentrations. An (3) Example. During an 8-hour work shift, an employee may be exposed to a concentration . ofBenzene above 25 p.p.m. (but never above, 50 p.p.m.) only for a maximum period of 10 minutes. Such exposure must be compen sated by exposures to concentrations less than 10 p.p.m. so that the cumulative exposure for the entire 8-hour work shift does not exceed a weighted average of Id p.p.m. Table Z-2 Material 8-hour time weighted average Acceptable maximum peak above Acceptable the acceptable ceiling concentre- ceiling tlon for an 8-hour shut. concentration ------------------------------------------------- --- Concentration Maximum Benzene (Z37.40-19S9)1_10 p.p.m___________ 26 p.p.m______ 60 p.pjn________10 minutes. Beryllium and beryllium compounds 2pg./M*6 pg./M* 26/xg./M*....____ 80 minutes. (Z37.29-1970). Cadmium dust (Z37.6-1970)0.2 mg./M*0.6 mg./M*__________________________ Cadmium fume (Z37.6-1970) 0.1 mg./M*________________ 0.3 mg./M* ... Carbon disulfide (5537.3-1968)20 p.p.m_______ 30 p.p.m______ .. 100 p.pjn______ 80 minutes Carbon tetrachloride (Z37.17-1967) 10 p.pjn26 p.pjn____________________ . 200 p.p.m_______6 minutes In any 4 hours. Ethylene dibromide (Z37.31-1970) ______ 20 p.p.m________ SO p.pjn______ .. 60 p.pjn_______ 6 minutes. Ethylene dichloride (237.21-1969)60 p.pjn_______ 100 p.pjn____ .. 200 p.pjn_______8 minutes in any 3 hours. Fluoride as dust (Z37.28-1969). . *.... 2.5 mg./M*.]... Formaldehyde (Z37.16-1987)3 p.pjn6 p.p.m_______________________________ 10 p.pjni______ 30 minutes. Hydrogen fluoride (Z37.28-1969)do .... Hydrogen sulfide (Z37.2-1966)20 p.p.m____________________________________ .. 50 p.pjn________10 minutes once only if no other measur able exposure occurs. Methyl chloride (Z37.18-1969) ____________ 100 p.pjn_____ 200 p.p.m.. . 300 p.pjn_______ minutes in any 3 hours. Methylene Chloride (Z37.3-1989)_____ ____ 500 p.p.m____ 1,000 p.p.m_____ . 2,000 p.pjn_____ fi minutes In any 2 hours. Organo (alkyl) mercury (2537.30-1909)0.01 mg./M *__ 0.04 mgJtS. *____ _ Btyrene (Z37.15-1969) 100 p.p.m__________________________ 200 p.p.m............ 600 p.p.m_______ minutes in any 3 hours. Tetrechloroetbylene (2537.22-1967)-100p.p-m______________ 200 p.p.m______ -300 p.p.m__ ____5 minutes in any-3 hours. Toluene (Z37.12-1987)................ ......... .......... 200 p.pjn____ 300 p.pjn............ 600 p.pjn_____ _ 10 minutes. Trichloroethylene (Z37.19-1967) 100 p.p.m________________ 200 p.p.m......... 300 p.pjn5 minutes In any 2 hours. Mercury (5537.8-1971)....... .................................. ....... _______ lmg./lOM* Chromic add and chromates (Z37.7-1971)_______ do *......................................... * Occupational exposures to benzene are eubject to the reeuiremente of i 1910.1028 except as specifically exempted by 4 1910.1028(a)(2). Exposures exempted by {1910.1028(a)(2) are covered by this 11910.1000 1910.1000(b)(3) 700 Change 8 UCTC 21211 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.1000(c) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (c) Tabl 2--3: An employee's exposure to any material listed in table 25-3, in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week, shall not exceed the 8-hour time weighted average limit given for that material in the table. Table 25-3--Mineral Dusts (<f) Computation formulae: (1) (i) The cumulative exposure for an 8-hour work, shift shall be computed as follows: c*t. c*2\ -f-... Substance Mppcf Mg/M* Silica: Crystalline: Quartz (respirable)... 250 * lOrng/M* %SiO*+6 Quartz (total dust)-------- ---------------- =--- Cristoballte: Use H the value calculated from the . count or mass formulae for quartz. Trldymite: Use >$ the value calculated from the for mulae for quartz., Amorphous, including natural diatomaccuus earth____ ___ _ 20 %SiO+2 80mg/Al> %SiO,+2 80ing/M* . %SlO> Silicates Oess than 1% crys talline silica): Mica__________________________ Soapstone............................. 20 20 Talc (non-asbestos-form)... 20a Talc (fibrous). Use asbestos limit................................... Tremolite (see talc, fibrous) Portland cement______________ ISO GraphIte (natural)_____ ____ IS Coal dust (respirable fraction less than 6% SiOj)___________ ____ ___ _ 2.4mg/M' or For more than 5% SiO*.___ ____ ________ Wmg/M* lert or Nuisance Dust: Respirable fraction________ Total dust.... %SiOH-2 16 6rog/M* 60 lfimg/M* Note: Conversion factors-- mppcfX35.3->mIHion particles per cubic meter "particles per c.c. * Millions of particles per cubic foot of air, based on Impinger samples counted by light-field technics. 'The percentage of crystalline silica in the formula is the amount determined from air-borne samples, ex cept in those instances in which other methods have been shown to be applicable. " Both concentration and fiercent quartz for the appli cation of this limit are to be determined from the fraction passing a size-selector with the following characteristics: Containing < 1% quartz; if > l% quartz, use quartz limit. where: E is the equivalent exposure for the working shift. C is the concentration during any period of time T where the concentration remains constant. *' * T is the duration in hours of the exposure at the concentration C. The value of E shall not exceed the 8-hour time weighted average limit in table Z-l, 21-2, or Z-3 for the material involved. (ii) To illustrate the formula prescribed in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph, note that isoamyl acetate has an 8-hour time weighted average limit of 100 p.p.m. (table Z-l). As sume that an employee is subject to thefollow ing exposure: Two hours exposure at 150 p.p.m. Two hours exposure at 75 p.p.m. Four hours exposure at 50 p.p.m. Substituting this information in the for mula, we have 2 X 150 + 2 x 75 + 4 X 50 = 81.25 p.p.m. i: Since 81.25 p.p.m. is less than 100 p.p.m., the 8-hour time weighted average limit, the exposure is acceptable. (2) (i) In case ofa mixture ofair contaminants an employer shall compute the equivalent exposure as follows: - Ci Cz C. where: Em is the equivalent exposure for the mixture. C is the concentration of a particular contaminant. L is the exposure limit for that contaminant, from table Z-l, 2*2, or Z-3. Change13 701 10.1000(dX2)(i> UCTC 21212 1910.10D0(d)(2Xi) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH The value of Ea shall not exceed unity (1). (ii) To illustrate the formula prescribed in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph, con sider the following exposures: Material Acetone (Table Z-l) 2-Butanone (Table Z-l) 'Toluene (Table Z-2) Actual concentration of 8-hour exposure 8-hour time weighted average exposure Emit 500 p.p.m. 1,000 p.p.m. 45 p.p.m. 200 p.p.m. 40 p.p.m. 200 p.p.m. ^Substituting in the formula, we have: ''"``BOP45 40 Em *------- + ----- +.. 1,000 200 200 Em -- 0.500 + 0.225 -I- 0.200 E. = 0.925 Since Em is less than unity (1), the expo sure combination is within acceptable limits. (e) To achieve compliance with paragraph (a) through (d) of this section, administrative or engineeringcontrols must first be determined and implemented whenever feasible. When such controls are not' feasible to achieve full compliance, protective equipment or any other protective measures shall be used tQ keep the exposure ofemployees to air contami nants within the limits prescribed in this sec tion. Any equipment and/or technical measures used for this purpose muf7bfe approved for each particular use by a compel tent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. Whenever respirators are used, their use shall comply with 1910.134.. 1910.1001--ASBESTOS (a) Definitions. For the purpose of this section. (1) "Asbestos" includes chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite. (2) Standard effective July I, 1976. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers. (1) Standard effective July 7, 197Z. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (3) Ceiling concentration. No employee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic cen timeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (c) Methods of compliance. (1) Engineering methods. (i) Engineering controls. Engineering con trols, such as, but not limited to, isolation, enclosure, exhaust ventilation, and dust 1910.1OOUcXlXD 702 UCTC 21213 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (ii) Goggles that can be worn over correc tive spectacles without disturbing the adjustment.of the spectacles. (iii) Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted behind the protective lenses. (4) Every protector shall be distinctly marked to facilitate identification only of the manufacturer. I910.I33(aX3)(it) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (5) When limitations or precautions are indicated by the manufacturer, they shall be transmitted to the user and care taken to see that such limitations and precautions are strictly observed. (6) Design, construction, testing, and use of devices for eye and face protection shall be in accordance with American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, Z87.1-1968. 1910.134--RESPIRATORY PROTECTION (a) Permissible practice. (1) In the control of those occupational dis eases caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors, the pri mary objective shall be to prevent at mospheric contamination. This shall be accomplished as far as feasible by accepted engineering control measures (for example, enclosure or confinement of the operation, general and local ventilation, and substitu tion of less toxic materials). When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or while they are being instituted, appropriate respirators shall be used pursuant to the following requirements. (2) Respirators shall be provided by the employer when such equipment is neces sary to protect the health of the employee. The employer shall provide the respirators which are applicable and suitable for the purpose intended. The employer shall be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a respiratory protective program which shall include the require ments outlined in paragraph (b) of this sec tion. (3) The employee shall use the provided respiratory protection in accordance with instructions and training received. ' (b) Requirements for a minimal acceptable program. (1) Written standard operating procedures 333 'governing the selection and use of respirators shall be established. (2) Respirators shall be selected on the basis of hazards to which the worker is exposed. (3) The user shall be instructed and trained in the proper use of respirators and their limitations. (4) Where practicable, the respirators should be assigned to individual workers for their exclusive use. (5) Respirators shall be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Those issued for the exclu sive use of one worker should be cleaned after each day's, use, or more often if neces sary. Those used by more than one worker shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each use. (6) Respirators shall be stored in a conven ient, clean, and sanitary location. (7) Respirators used routinely shall be inspected during cleaning. Worn or deteriorated parts shall be replaced. Res pirators for emergency use such as selfcontained devices shall be thoroughlyinspected at least once a month and after each use. (8) Appropriate surveillance of work area conditions and degree of employee exposure or stress shall be maintained. 19I0.134(bXS> UCTC 21214 1910.134(b)(9) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (9) There shall be regular inspection and evaluation to determine the continued effectiveness of the program. (2) Breathing air may be supplied to respirators from cylinders or air compres sors. (10) Persons should not be assigned to tasks requiring use of respirators unless it has been determined that they are physically able to perform the-work and use the equip ment. The local physician shall determine what health and physical conditions are pertinent. The respirator user's medical status should be reviewed periodically (for instance, annually). (11) Approved or accepted respirators shall be' used when they are available. The respirator furnished shall provide adequate respiratory protection against the par ticular hazard for which it is designed in accordance with standards established by competent authorities. The U.S. Depart ment of Interior, Bureau of Mines, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are recog nized as such authorities. Although respirators listed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture continue to be acceptable for protection against specified pesticides, the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, is the agency now responsible for testing and approving pesticide respirators. (c) Selection of respirators. Proper selection of respirators shall be made according to the guidance of American National Standard Practices for Respiratory Protection Z88.2-1969. (d) Air quality. (i) Cylinders shall be tested and main tained as prescribed in the Shipping Con tainer Specification Regulations of the Department of Transportation (49 CFR Part 178). (ii) The compressor for supplying air shall be equipped with necessary safety 'and* standby devices. A breathing air-typev compressor shall be used. Compressors shall be constructed and situated so as to avoid entry of contaminated air into ' the system and suitable in-line air purify ing sorbent beds and filters installed to further assure breathing air quality. A receiver of sufficient capacity to enable the respirator wearer to escape from a contaminated atmosphere in event of compressor failure, and alarms to indicate compressor failure and overheat ing shall be installed in the system. If an oil-lubricated compressor is used, it shall have a high-temperature or carbon monoxide alarm, or both. If only a hightemperature alarm is used, the air from the compressor shall be frequently tested for carbon monoxide to insure that it meets the specifications in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph. (3) Air line couplings shall be incompatible with outlets for othex gas systems to pre vent inadvertent servicing of air line respirators with nonrespirable gases or oxygen. (1) Compressed air, compressed oxygen, liquid air, and liquid oxygen used for respi ration shall be of high purity. Oxygen shall meet the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia for medical or breathing oxygen. Breathing air shall meet at least the requirements of the specification for Grade D breathing air as described in Com pressed Gas Association Commodity Specifi cation G-7.1-1966. Compressed oxygen shall not be used in supplied-air respirators or in open circuit self-contained breathing apparatus that have previously used com pressed air. Oxygen must never be used with air line respirators. (4) Breathing gas containers shall be marked in accordance with American National Standard Method ofMarkingPort able Compressed Gas Containers to Identify the Material Contained, Z48.1-1954; Federal Specification BB-A-1034a,June 21, 1968, Air, Compressed for Breathing Pur- . poses; or Interim Federal Specification GG-B-00675b, April 27, 1965, Breathing Apparatus, Self-Contained. (e) Use of respirators. (1) Standard procedures shall be developed for respirator use. These should include all 1910.134(e)(1) 334 UCTC212U OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.134(eXl) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS information and guidance necessary for their proper selection, use, and care. Possi ble emergency and routine uses of respirators should be anticipated and planned for. (2) The correct respirator shall be specified for each job. The respirator type is usually specified in the work procedures by a qual ified individual supervising the respiratory protective program. The individual issuing them shall be adequately instructed to insure that the correct respirator is issued. Each respirator permanently assigned to an individual should be durably marked to indicate to whom it was assigned. This mark shall not affect the respirator performance in any way. The date of issuance should be recorded. (3) Written procedures shall be prepared covering safe use of respirators in danger ous atmospheres that might be encountered in normal operations or in emergencies. Per sonnel shall be familiar with these proce dures and the available respirators. (i) In areas where the wearer, with failure of the respirator, could be overcome by a toxic or oxygen-deficient atmosphere, at least one additional man shall be pres ent. Communications (visual, voice, or signal line) shall be maintained between both or all individuals present. Planning shall be such that one individual will be unaffected by any likely incident and have the proper rescue equipment to be able to assist the other(s) in case of emer gency. (ii) When self-contained breathing apparatus or hose masks with blowers are used in atmospheres immediately dan gerous to life or health, standby men must be present with suitable rescue equip ment. (iii) Persons using air line respirators in atmospheres immediately hazardous to life or health shall be equipped withsafety harnesses and safety lines for lift ing or removing persons from hazardous atmospheres or other and equivalent pro visions for the rescue of persons from hazardous atmospheres shall be used. A standby man or men with suitable self- contained breathing apparatus shall be at the nearest fresh air base for emer gency rescue. (4) Respiratory protection is no better than the respirator in use, even though it is worn conscientiously. Frequent random inspec tions shall be conducted by a qualified individual to assure that respirators are properly selected, used, cleaned, and main tained. vVa-a'-*: (5) For safe use of any respirator, it is essen tial that the user be properly instructed in its selection, use, and maintenance. Both supervisors and workers shall be so instructed by competent persons. Training shall provide the men an opportunity to handle the respirator, have it fitted prop erly, test its face-piece-to-face seal, wear it in normal air for a long familiarity period, and, finally, to wear it in a test atmosphere. (i) Every respirator wearer shall receive fitting instructions including demonstra tions and practice in how the respirator should be worn, how to adjust it, and how to determine if it fits properly. Res pirators shall not be worn when condi tions prevent a good face seal. Such condi tions may be a growth ofbeard, sideburns, a skull cap that projects under the facepiece, or temple pieces on glasses. Also, the absence of one or both dentures can seriously affect the fit of a facepiece. The workers diligence in observing these factors shall* be evaluated by periodic check. To assure proper protection, the facepiece fit shall be checked by the wearer each time he puts on the respirator. This may be done by following the manufacturer's facepiece fitting instructions. (ii) Providing respiratory protection for individuals wearing corrective glasses is a serious problem. A proper seal cannot be established if the temple bars of eye glasses extend through the sealing edge of the full facepiece. As a temporary measure, glasses with short temple bars or without temple bars may be taped to the wearer's head. Wearing of contact lenses in contaminated atmospheres with a respirator shall not be allowed. Systems have been developed for mounting correc- 335 m0.134CeK5)(H> UCTC 21216 m0.134(e)(5)(ii) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH tive lenses inside-full facepieces. When a ' workman must wear corrective lenses as part of the facepiece, the facepiece and lenses shall be fitted by qualified in dividuals to provide good vision, comfort, and a gas-tight seal. (iii) If corrective spectacles or goggles are required, they shall be worn so as not to affect the fit of the facepiece. Proper selection of equipment will minimize or avoid this problem. bands, valves, connecting tube, and canis ters. Rubber or elastomer pprts shall be inspected for pliability and signs of deterioration. Stretching and manipulat ing rubber or elastomer parts with a mas saging action will keep them pliable and flexible and prevent them from taking a set during storage. _ (iv) A record shall be kept of inspection dates and findings for respirators r^io- . tained for emergency use. *" * * >%- (f) Maintenance and care of respirators. (1) A program for maintenance and care of respirators shall be adjusted to the type of plant, working conditions, and hazards involved,- and shall include the following basic services: (i) Inspection for defects (including a leak check), (ii) Cleaning and disinfecting, (iii) Repair, (iv) Storage Equipment shall be properly maintained to retain its original effectiveness. (2) (i) All respirators shall be inspected routinely before and after each use. A respirator that is not routinely used but is kept ready for emergency use shall be inspected after each use and at least monthly to assure that it is in satisfactory working condition. (ii) Self-contained breathing apparatus shall be inspected monthly. Air and oxygen cylinders shall be fully charged according to the manufacturer's instruc tions. It shall be determined that the reg ulator and warningdevices function prop erly. (iii) Respirator inspection shall include a check of the tightness of connections and the condition of the facepiece, head- (3) Routinely used respirators shall be col lected, cleaned, and disinfected as fre-, quently as necessary to insure that proper protection is provided for the wearer. Each worker should be briefed on the cleaning procedure and be assured that he will . always receive a clean and disinfected respirator. Such assurances are of greatest significance when respirators are' not individually assigned to workers. Res pirators maintained for emergency use shall be cleaned and disinfected after each use. (4) Replacement or repairs shall be done only by experienced persons with parts designed for the respirator.' No attempt shall be made to replace components or to make adjustment or repairs beyond the manufacturer's recommendations. Reduc ing or admission valves or regulators shall be returned to the manufacturer or to a. trained technician for adjustment or repair. (5) (i) After inspection, cleaning, and neces sary repair, respirators shall be stored to protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture, or damaging chemicals. Respirators placed at stations and work areas for emergency use should be quickly accessible at all times and should be stored in compart ments built for the purpose. The compart ments should be clearly marked. Routinely used respirators, such as dust respirators, may be placed in plastic bags. Respirators should not be stored in such places as lockers or tool boxes unless they are in carrying cases or cartons. 1910.134(f)(5Xi) 335 UCTC 21217 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (ii) Respirators should be packed or stored so that the facepiece and exhalation valve will rest in a normal position and function will not be impaired by the elastomer setting in an abnormal position. (iii) Instructions for proper storage of emergency respirators, such as gas masks and self-contained breathing apparatus, are found in "use and care" instructions usually mounted inside the carrying case lid. , (g) Identification of gas mask canisters. (1) The primary means of identifying a gas mask canister shall be by means of properly worded labels. The secondary means ofiden tifying a gas mask canister shall be by a color code. (2) All who issue or use gas masks falling within the scope of this section shall see that all gas mask canisters purchased or used by them are properly labeled and colored in accordance with these requirements before they are placed in service and that the labels and colors are properly main tained at all times thereafter until the canisters have completely served their pur pose. (3) On each canister shall appear in bold let ters the following: 0) Canister for.................................................. .............. (Name for atmospheric contaminant) or Type K Gas Mask Canister (ii) In addition, essentially the following wording shall appear beneath the appro priate phase on the canister label: "For 1910.1340X5X11) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS respiratory protection in atmospheres containing not more than .............percent by volume of.................................... .......'......................................................... " (4) Canisters having a special high-effi ciency filter for protection against radionuclides and other highly toxic par ticulates shall be labeled with a vstat,em.ent^ ofthe type and degree ofprotection atfor by the filter. The label shall be affixed to the neck end of, or to the gray stripe which is around and near the top of, the canister. The degree of protection shall be marked as the percent of penetration of the canister by a 0.3-micron-diameter dioctyl phthalate (DOP) smoke at a flow rate of 85 liters per minute. (5) Each canister shall have a label warning that gas masks should be used only in atmospheres containing sufficient oxygem to support life (at least 16 percent by volume), since gas mask canisters are only designed to neutralize or remove contami nants from the air. (6) Each gas mask canister shall be painted a distinctive color or combination of colors indicated in Table 1-1. All colors used shall be such that they are clearly identifiable by the user and clearlydistinguishable from one another. The color coating used shall offer a high degree ofresistance to chipping, scaling, peeling, blistering, fading, and the effects of the ordinary atmospheres to which they may be exposed under normal conditions of storage and use. Appro priately colored pressure sensitive tape may be used for the stripes. Change 7 337 UCTC 21218 1910.134(gX6> 1910.134(r)(6) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Table 1-1 Atmospheric contaminants to be protected against Colors assigned* Acid gases. White. Hydrocyanic acid gas White with %-inch green stripe completely around the canister near the bottom. Chlorine gas_ White with %-lnch yellow stripe completely around the canister near the bottom. Organic vapors Black. Ammonia gas________ ____________;----------- Green. Acid gases and ammonia gas Green with x/3 -Inch white stripe completely around the canister near the bottom. sW Carbon monoxide Blue. Add gases and organic vapors Yellow. Hydrocyanic add gas and chloroplcrin vapor. Yellow with x/i -Inch blue stripe completely around the canister near the bottom. Acid gases, organic vapors, and ammonia Brown. gases. Radioactive materials, excepting tritium and Purple (Magenta). noble gases. Particulates (dusts, fumes, mists, fogs, or Canister color for contaminant, as designated smokes) in combination, with, any of the above, with %-lnch gray stripe completely above gases or vapors. around the canister near the top. All of the above atmospheric contaminants.. Red with %-lnch gray stripe completely around the canister near the top. Gray shall not be assigned as the main color for a canister designed to remove adds or vapors. Nora: Orange shall be used as a complete body, or stripe cdor to represent gases not Included in this table. The user will need to refer to the canister label to determine the degree of protection the canister will afford. 1910.135--OCCUPATIONAL HEAD PROTECTION Helmets for the protection of heads of occu pational workers fromimpact and penetration from falling and flying objects and from limited electric shock and burn shall meet the requirements and specifications established in American National Standard Safety Requirements for Industrial Head Protection, Z89.1-1969. 1910.136--OCCUPATIONAL FOOT PROTECTION Safety-toe footwear for employees shall American National Standard for Men's meet the requirements and 'specifications in Safety-Toe Footwear, Z41.1-1967. 1910.136 338 Change 22 UCTC 21219