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Monsanto Chemicals
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AROCLORS
P,P ,r?
AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX
Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-132
Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis 4, Mo.
________________________ March 18, 1949
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7977
Selected blends of AROCLORS*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, are attractive extenders or sub stitutes for camauba wax in the manufacture of polishes.
This bulletin gives several practical formulas using Aroclors In wax blends possessing the qualities of carnauba wax for automobile, wood, leather and linoleum polishes.
Registered In U. S. Patent Office
The Information in chis bulletin is based on our experience, represents our best judgment in (he matter, and is intended to be belpfoltbut we cannot assume responsibilit y (or any loss or accideot that may result from its use.
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I. INTRODUCTION
The AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, when properly blended possess the unusual qualities required to satisfac torily extend or substitute carnauba wax. Moreover, the extension of carnauba wax with blended Aroelors constitutes not only a saving of this unique and versatile wax, which has become scarcer in supply, but it also offers an attractive saving in cost.
Particularly in England, considerable work has been done to replace carnauba wax with blends of other waxes and Aroelors. Much of the following information about the use of Aroelors for this purpose is
taken from the publication "Carnauba Wax Substitutes" by 8. W. Wood
(Maxwaxa Limited), presented in the Manufacturing Chemist and Manu facturing Perfumer, March 1948, Volume XIX.
The physical properties of Aroelors are given In Monsanto's Technical Bulletin No. P-115, "The Aroelors."
II.
PROPERTIES OP PURE CARNAUBA WAX
Pure carnauba wax has the following characteristics:
Specific gravity..................... .....
O.99 at 15C.
Melting point ... ................................ 84.1-91C.
Acid value ........... 2.0-7.0
Sap. value
........... 78.4-68.3 ms* KOH
Although there are several grades of commercial carnauba wax, in general the following properties are typicals
Specific gravity .......
Acid value .........
Sap. value .........
Iodine value .........
Alcohols
.........
Melting point of alcohols . .
Acetyl value .........
Hydrocarbons .........
0.978 at 15C.
7.8
87.0
9.9* t9.22$ 81 C. 122 Nil
These properties indicate to the experienced wax blender that the preparation of a worthwhile substitute for carnauba requires the use of unique materials In order to conform with the qualities of the natural wax.
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III.
CHARACTERISTICS OP A CARNAUBA WAX SUBSTITUTE
The principal requirements of a good camauba wax substitute are:
Hardness or penetration value should be at least equal to that of the natural wax.
Texture Bhould be homogeneous, preferably non-crystalline and somewhat brittle.
Melting point should be similar to the natural wax and
the setting point should not be more than about 6C.
below this point, otherwise protracted cooling phenomena will be experienced.
Performance Especially with respect to physical appear ance and performance, the substituted wax composition must possess the working characteristics of the natural wax with reference to the particular end use application of the substitute.
IV. PREPARATION OF CARNAUBA WAX
SUBSTITUTES
The early work done both in America and ir. Europe to prepare carnauba wax substitutes waB based largely on blending materials such as paraf fin wax, ceresin, colophony, monism wax, beeswax, candelilla wax, ozo kerite and shellac wax to arrive e.o a blend possessing properties slmi lar to camauba wax. Like the case c" carnauba wax, several of these naturally occurring substitute materials hava increased in price and have become scarce. Also, with the use of naturally occurring waxes there has always been the problem of maintaining uniform quality. These factors led to the recent interest in Aroclors as extenders or substitutes for camauba wax. A number of suggested blends and the characteristics are given in the following table.
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TABLE I.
COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS
Parts by No. Composition WeightColor
Texture
Softening Melting PointPoint
Aroelor 1268 5.0 )
Aroelor 1242 2.5
(1) Carnauba wax 2.5
Ceresin
20.0 )
Paraffin
70.0 )
Aroelor 1268 10.0 )
Aroelor 1242 5.0 )
(2) Carnauba wax 5.0
Ceresin
20.0 )
Paraffin
60.0 )
Light cream
Smooth, hard non-tacky
Pale yellow, white
Similar to above
58 C.
60C.
67.5C.
78C.
Aroolor 1268
l
Aroelor 1242
(3) Carnauba wax 6.8
Ceresin
19.6 5
Paraffin
49.0 )
Aroelor 1268 30.0 )
Aroelor 1242 5.0
(4) Carnauba wax 10.0 5
Ceresin
20.0 )
Paraffin
35.0 )
Pale yellow
Similar to above
77C.
Pale yellow
Smooth, hard, slightly brittle
78C.
79C. 78C.
Aroelor 1268 35.0 )
Aroelor 1242 5.0
(5) Carnauba wax 30.0 )
Ceresin Paraffin
20.0 ) 10.0 )
Pale cream
Slight surface 79C. crystallinity
86 "C.
Aroelor 1268 35-0 )
Aroelor 1242 5.0
(6) Carnauba wax 40.0 )
Ceresin
20.0 )
Cream
Similar to above
8lC.
86.5C.
Aroelor 1268 35.0 )
Aroelor 1242 5.0 )
(7) Carnauba wax 50.0 5
Ceresin
10.0 )
Cream
Smooth; carnau- 80.5C. ba rinded surface
88 C.
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It should be noted that a liquid or plastleizer-type Aroolor such as Aroclor 1242 is used in combination with the resinous-type Aroelor 1268. This is done to enhance the compatibility of the resinouB
type Aroclors with the wax and to increase solubility of the blend in inexpensive solvents such as mineral spirits. Mixtures of Aroclors 1254 and 5460 are also suggested for preparing the wax blends.
A good commercial natural brown grade of ceresln wax is incorporated
for binding and absorption of all surplus liquid in the wax blend.
The standard white commercial grade of paraffin wax, melting point
135o-l40oF., is used largely as a filler. The type of carnauba wax
used in preparing the blends Is prime yellow with a melting point of
84.5C.
'
All of these compositions possess excellent molding properties and
would be entirely suitable for the manufacture of molded products.
Mixtures No. 5, 6 and 7 can be especially recommended for this pur
pose or for electrical insulation work.
Mixture No. 4 is excellent for use in polishes.
V. TYPICAL FORMULAE OF POLISHES
The following are typical formulae for a household polish and a ear polish:
Household Polish
Composition
Parts by weight
Composition No. 4 (Table I) .
Natural ozokerite ......................
Paraffin, hard.................
26
Mineral spirits...................... ..... .
1 3
70
Characteristics. This is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good polishing properties on wood and linoleum.
Car Polish
Composition
Parts by weight
Composition No. 4 (Table l) .
Candelilla wax.................
2
Natural ozokerite ......
Mineral spirits .................................
15
3 80
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Characteristics. This Is a smooth paste possessing good polishing properties on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery.
VI.
AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS WITHOUT CABNAUBA WAX
Ouricury wax Is less expensive than oarnauba, generally much harder, with a melting point of 89-95C. and has equally good lusterproducing properties. The drawbacks of ouricury wax are inorganic impurities, chiefly admixed silica, and its dark color usually ranging from light chocolate brown to very dark brown.
The following formulation illustrates the replacement of carnauba
with a purified commercial grade, medium brown ouricury wax pos
sessing a melting point of 89C., acid value 11.0 and saponifica
tion value of 86.1;
Composition
Parts by weight
Aroclor 5460...............
30
Aroclor 1242 ......
Ouricury wax ......
Cere sin..........................
20
Paraffin ........
5 30
15
Characteristics:
Color --
Light buff.
Texture --
Very smooth,
Softening Point -- 60C.
Melting Point -- 78.5C.
hard
The following car polish was made according to this formula:
Car Polish (Ouricury)
Composition
Parts by weight
Wax blend (as prepared above) . 8
Natural ozokerite ................................. 2 Paraffin, hard...................................... 10 Aroclor 1242 ............................................ 5* Mineral spirits ...................................... 75*
Dissolved with agitation before adding to the molten waxes.
(It is noteworthy that aluminum stearate should not be used in this composition.)
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Characteristics: The color of this composition Is a light brownish-tan similar to polishes made from
fatty gray carnauba wax. It has good pol ishing properties on all types of surfaces.
VII.
TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE USE OF AROCLORS
In the manufacture of wax compositions containing Aroclors, precau tions should be taken to avoid breathing the vapors from hot Aro clors. In this connection, the atmosphere of the workroom should be vented by the use of a suitable exhaust fan In line with ordinary and good factory operating practice.
When Aroclors are used at normal temperatures, usually only normal precautions relative to the handling of chemicals or ordinary clean liness concerning commercial plant practice are followed.
With reference to the normal end use of polishes containing Aroclors as suggested in the formulations given In this bulletin, it is not expected that the Aroclors would present a problem of toxicity to humans. This is based on the following information reported by a reliable source:
It was determined by the skin patch test procedure given by Dr. Louis Schwartz and Dr. Samuel M. Peck in Reprint No. 2552 from the Public Health Reports, Vol. 59, No. 17 (April 28, 1944) that ootton fabric coated with Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin in such a manner that each square inch of fabric contained 10.5 mg. of Aroclor 5460, was neither a skin irritant nor a sensitizer.
Also, results of standard skin patch tests showed that Aroilor 1254 is neither a skin irritant nor a sensitizer.
VIII. GENERAL COMMENTS
1. The use of a selected mixture of Aroclors permits the exten sion or substitution of carnauba wax to a substantial amount without detracting from the desired characteristics of the finished polishing wax formulation. This is accomplished at an attractive saving in cost.
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2. Using a selected mixture of Aroclors and ourioury wax. It is possible to completely eliminate carnauba wax.
3. Polishing compositions of this type are excellent for use on practically all wood, leather, paint and linoleum surfaces.
The information contained in this bulletin is to our best know ledge true and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since the conditions of UBe are be yond our control. Monsanto Chemical Company disclaims any lia bility incurred in connection with the use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use.
MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY St. Louis b, Mo.
New York-Chlcago-Boston-Birmingham-Charlotte-Cincinnati-Cleveland Detroit-Philadelphia-Los Angeles-San Francisco-Montreal
PGB/mag-2M
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