Document x5GMyy8RyqDkqmkrB4YgDa5mJ

f BAD NEWS PCB's don't smell or turn fish belly up. But they can make people AND GOOD sick--and they lie in heavy concentration; at the bottom of the great river. t HUt lUlh-- Lathe Mut, mttitgsr of the two Ocor*l Electrio irigurltTT factories at Hudson Ml* ud Port Ed' word. N.Y. holds op o moil viel Bad with a brillMp Mr, slightly viscous liquid. "lids to the stuff that's cauaad all tha fuse," ha apt. "IMS to PCI's.* PCI's to short for polychlorinated biphenyls, a tarty ladeatructible and highly dangerous group of Industrial compounds that for many years sssmsd Ip ha uspnntlhlt for nothing but good works. Tha vary meant "fusa" has comprised a succession of unproeoioatad omnts. Pint cams tha banning of ahnost aM oanmisrcisl fishing on tha Hudson River. Hmh came a M-mHIIon settlement by the polluter. Paler HeUmaw, a freefone# writer, often has fished the Hudson Mvor. O.E. And now that G.E. has all but stopped dis charging PCB's into tha river comas the most diffi cult and dangerous problem of all: What to do about soma 300,000 pounds of the stuff that still residt menacingly on tha river bottom? In his Mg, drab office at tha Hudson Falls plant. Hart demonstrates for his visitor and a watchful G.E. corporata lawyer (ha positive tide of PCB's. He plugs In an electric motor with an ammeter on It* face. He pushes one button and tha needle jumps to 400 amps. He pushes another button and the needle drops back to 200 amps. But tha motor continues to hum at full power, even though it is drawing half as much current The difference, Hart explains, is that the second button has cut-in capacitors--devices that store and smooth out elec tric current so that it is mors efficient Capacitors are used In everything from toasters to huge gen erators, helping save untold millions of dollars on everyone's electric Mils. Yet In Its basic (brm, the capacitor consists of nothing more than layers of a metal like aluminum foil, which la a conduce* of current, separated by paper, wMch is not a earn doctor. Such a nonconductor is celled a dltlsnisli. and the beet capacitor of ad is oaa in which tin paper dielectric to impregnated with Pet's. At Its two plants on the Hudson diver, O.E. puto anywhere from a few drops to three gaUone as PCB's into tha tans of thousands of ripsriints k makes sack day. Q.E. engineers, says Hart, ham not found any compound equal to PCI's for Mg? dielectric performance coepied with almost com pitta resistance to fire or explosion. Because KMt are a superior heat-transfer agent as well, the) are also preferred for use in transformers to earn heat away from the colls, where fire is always t threat Sealed up in electrical systems, PCB*s di their job and never misbehave. Only in tha last decade has it became obvlom that PCB's are a subtle but pervasive pollutant o air, earth and water. Other (Continued on Peg* JB, HONS 050862 In lltt background, the Hudton Jtlvcr, where campaign* agafnet familiar forma of poHutlon art finally beginning to ehow rttultt. in tkt foreground, PCB**, or polychlorinated biphenylt--l*** familiar and fnvitiblt In the wator, but highly toxic. Some 500,000 pound* of PCM't He at the bottom of tk* Hvor, and no ono it *uro what to do about them. Pag* 10. Photograph by Port MUIer Jtu**oH Baker Im4ij OfcMmr Communicatef Brock Brownr 11 I mb. *em Omm "1 am not going to my grave worrying that I spoiled it for eithtr Ford or Carter," says Preetdentiaf candidate McCarthy. David A. Andolman 14 Letot alttr tko tafcMTir "The people mutt understand," toy tk* now Communitt ruttro. Out IMr trvn-fl*to4 Intkttww on efficiency and eelf-eufficicney already kat forced 200,000 Laotian* to /lot thatr homehmd. PMtrHtlbnan Daniel rtrgin Qontfl guboh fkarpt Patricia Peterson BrendanGUt ftobert Wool 14 Tom M Hglgik bm4 mwi l ffttd Tko bad newt: PCPi don't omoN or turn fieh body up. But ikty oan mako pooplo tick and they Ho In heavy cumnntrotlont at the bottom of tkt groat Hvor. Tko good nowtt Control* on otktr form* of pollution art paying off. In moot visible way*, tko Hudoon kat not boon o heaftfiy for decadee. 40 lhui| Trwmmm-- rrdti* ad fwOid At betk Prttidtntiel eandMatto Imitate bit ttyIt, Motortan* argut ovtr M* doodo. 41 |g mmrnmagwmpkj amtot T--. - ad mwfho Two yaor* ago a turgt of publicity about brtait eanetr brought crowd* of woman to mammography ctMec. Now, pubttetty about tko dangort it keeping thorn away. The greatest danger may He in tkt continuing confusion. SO Mill* On soap-Optra tpoof* and campaign theatrics. 00 faihin Madlton Avenue French .. 00 PtllgB BAM grow* in Brooklyn 74 i>tdt Up Iveai Ot tollaw A guido to itoring wino under Itee than ideal eondMbne. ftobert Ntalt Lott week'* answer*. Pagt 94 100 IMpf*r Tkt mouth that roared Picture credit*. Pago J02 MQN5 050663 -2. MOMS 050664 I Hudson Hiver Cwrilmiwl from Page ia such pollutants hm bun dMwM la the environ ment recently moat notably, tha highly tude iiiMotklde Kepone. In feet, three waeka ago, fee U. S. Dlatrlet Court In Richmond. Va., flood tha Allied Chemical Corporation 113,378,000 for dumping Ke* I pone Into the James River. But none of them ha turned up with such alarming frequency aa PCB'r In ell kinda of living organisms, from tiny orastaeeana to hu* man beings. Just last aum* mer, tha U.S. Environmental Protection Agency found the chemical In the milk of moth* era In 10 different atatea. The effect of PCB'a la, at worat, fetal end, at beet, unknown. And, thanks to O.B., nowhere la then n greater concentre* tlon of PCB'a at looee In tha environment than In (be Hu^eon River below the capacitor plant* at Hudson Palls and Port Edward. Due to high levels of PCB'a in resident and migratory flsh all tha way down to Its mouth, mors then ; 200 miles away, the Hudson I has been dosed since feet Ashing for the first time In its history a time, ironically, whan the river It relatively It has been a year since O.E. has discharged any elfntflcant quantities of PCS'* into tha river. The current dally discharge la less than one pound. By nest summer, O.E. will atop using PCB'a hogether and substitute an other enhefaana- aa yet net announced that It bailaves wifl be affective In Its capac itors and safe in the river. Even to, the company la spending severe! million dol lars to prevent residual PCB'a , in pipaa and the soil around the plants from leaking into the Hudson. The principal sup. pller of PCS'*, Monsanto Cam* pany. has aimounrari it wiH atop praductag tha compounds by tha and of October 1077. Last August, after months of negotiations, Q.E. agreed to pay the State Department of Environmental Conserva tion S3 million to help restore tha river and another SI mil* J Hon for research. The state win chip hi S3 million of its I {Continued on Page 20) -J? HONS 030869 Cewrtmiid from Bogt sU he was conducting on th oil and animals of his coun own for restoration. This Is try. Ha Was looking for trgecs mi agreement with many lra- of DDT and related Insertl' pikatlons. By paying up, O.B. tides, but he found instead haa tadtly admitted respon- traces of something that slbility for the environmental dM not conform to known conaequeneee that stem from DDT patterns. After two yean its activities. Moreover, the of trial-and-error compari company has done so even sons. Dr. Jensen finally iden though it haa never been specifically prohibited from dumping KB's into the river. In fact, until very recently, it had a permit--issued by the E.P.A. and endorsed by the state -- that specifically au thorized it to discharge up to 30 pound* of PCB's into the river daily. By contribut ing $3 million of Us own toward restoration as part of the agreement, the D.E.C. has tacitly acknowledged IU own failure at a watchdog. tified the unknown substance as PCB's. At that point, of course, they were merely a novel pretence, not In the same worrisome and wotl- pubHcited class with DDT. If anything seamed ominous about the discovery, it we* that Dr. Jensen found PCB's In plankton and in large eagles the bottom and top of a wildllfe food chain. That, and the fact PCB's were bsing found in a country that did not manu facture them. The nearest Whan the state at last con* manufacturer was in Ger fronted OJ. a little more then many, across the Baltic Sea. a year ago, the situation had Dr. Jansen speculated---cor all the makings of a bitter rectly--that PCB's, rising u- and protracted court battle of burned from Incinerators the tort that Reserve Mining beesuss of their low flamma Company and a raft of publk bility, could travel long dic agencies have fought over taness by attaching them Reserve's waste discharges selves to airborne dust into Lake Superior. The August agreement, by con trast, was accomplished by negotiation after e rigorous but comparatively swift ex judicial hearing sponsored by the D.S.C. and chaired by a law proftaaor from Columbia University. The whole process took lees than a year. And while the partita never saw the inaMa of a courtroom, the agreement nonetheten puts American companies on no tice that they may be held responsible for whet they do to the environment -- even when they have not been specifically prohibited from doing it The truth' is that PCB's have been around for soma 48 years without producing thrUnd of dramatically obvi ous effects that might have caused O.E. or any otter user 'to think twice about dump ing them In a river. They don't smell. He in slicks atop the water or turn flab belly up; they simply sink to the bottom. At tbs earns time, they are extraordinarily use ful to industry. Besides their use In caphdtors and transfonnsrs, KVi have proved Invaluable In products as ! diverse as hydraulic fluid, adhesive* and carbonless car bon paper. By IBM. they were being manufactured in the Unitad States. Russia. Japan and at least she European particles, raindrops and snow flakes. Four yean after Jensen's discovery and on tbe other side of tha world--at a riceofl factory in the Fukuoka prefecture of wsetsm Japan-- a machine containing PCB's prang a leak, contaminating tha rice oiL Thousands of people who used that oil for cooking became Ul. The ef fects of what came to be known as the Yusho---riceoil--syndrom* included ikta eruptions and darkening of the pigmentation, swollen eyelids, aye discharges, swell ing and painful joint*, numb ness of the Herbs, coughing end sputum, and general fa tigue. Some victims suffered from enlarged Hvers and Im balanced enzyme and bloodUpM levels. Perhaps most disturbing, mothers who had bean exposed only fleetingly to PCB's--and who dM not necessarily show any symp toms Uiein--lsm gave birth to babies with dark pigmenta tion, delayed tooth daveiopment and kwer-ttan-average weight Even today, almost nine years aftar eating tiny quantities of Rjy> huMTSm tfW til liaWKave passed from their bodies -tha qfUp tome of many Yuato victims persist RscsntlyK a Japanese reeaaiehsr toM a earner earnforesee at Cold Spring Hasbor that the Incidisica of liver Then, In 1B64, a Swedish scientist named Una Jan' sea was puzzled by tha resuits of a sophistiested analy- now appears to be as high as is times tha normal rat*, in New York, OX baa always ssssrtisd that workers - y- MOMS osoae* A 0.B. pipe now discharges negligible amount of PC8*#; next summer, the company will discontinue thoir use entirely. with loortmi wposiw to PCB's hove suffered no more then occasional skin fishes. But Dr. Irving Settkoff of the ML 9inei Medical Center, who is now studying workers at tbs two pUnts on the Hudson, warns that to sssunw the problem are limited to skin rashes "would be in error." Meanwhile, as Monsanto, sole U.5. producer of PCB*, supplied an ever-growing de mand for the product all through the 1900's, mink ranchsrs in tbs Great Lakes region wsre having mjrsteitous prohlssyi fitting their remaie minks to reproduce. "Those ranchers ware gstting wipad out," says Robert (Unger, e physiologist at Michigan State University, "and they didn't know why." Dr. Ringer sus pected the trouble was the DDT in the Greet Lakes risk that the mink ate. But even whan ha fad than fish con- offspring. And oaoo the Infant monkeys began nursing, thay were subject to further has* ards. Since KVi moves rap idly into fatty parts of tha body, the substance became concentrated in Uw mother's milk. Hence, Uw level of KB's preeent in the infanta at birth subsequently Increased 100 times. As the danger flap went up, Monsanto began limiting sates in 1971 to manufactur ers who used PCB's In "closed systems'* -that Is, in trans formers and capacitors, where the substance Is tented hi and not exposed. "Open systems," by. con trast, put PCB*! in direct con tact with the environment-- paint, for example or, worse, sprays used on dirt roads to keep down dust. But even "dosed systems" don't stay closed forever Old capacitors and transformers continue to U Mil, aw wwnw7 mum went right on reproducing. In 1968, Dr. Ringer finally de termined that the problem was not DDT but PCB's. A Uny amount--fust 0.164 parts par mllUoo (p-pju.) -- stopped mink reproduction. A larger amount--3.97 p.p.m.--kilted all the adult minks. Even this last figure is well under the maximum of S p.p.m. that the UJ. Food end Drug Adminis tration currently . allows in food far human consumption. Other experimental evi dence was piling up. One American researcher fed PCS'* to rats and produced tumors. Another, Jamas Allan, s pathologist at the University of Wisconsin, fad PCS'* to monkeys and produced the symptoms of the Fusho syn drome, including reproductive- problems. In female monkeys that were fed PCB's at the P.D.A.'s permissible level for humans, 9 p.pjn., only one In eight gave birth to normal they eventually break open and teak PCB's Into the aoH. Though Monsanto acted voluntartly, It surely would have been forced Into such a ban by a Federal task fores then studying FCB'a. In Japan, that same year, all PC* production was ordered stopped. But G.E. continued to be Monsanto's biggest PCB cus tomer; In 1970; it had por chseed a record 4,600 tons, end the bulk of It went to the two capacitor plants oo tha Hudson River. Despite deer evidence of big problem* with PCB's, no red flag had yet gone up here. As late as Dec. 31. 1974. In fact, O.E. would be granted a Federal permit, with the Ml blaastngi of the D.E.C., to discharge up to 30 pounds par day Into the Hudeon--not an ounce less than G.B.'s estimate of Its own discharge over the pre vious several yean. Q.E. scarcely could have hid HONS 0906*7 its mtMrtvt PCI discharges, and it never tried. The company had stated baldly that It had bean dumping PCI's Into the Hudson for a long time at the rata of at least 30 pounds a day. Urn D.E.Ct In approving 0.1,'s various par* miti over the next few years. United the dunging of certain chemicals -- Kjeldaht nHiogaa. fo* example but it never mentioned PCS*a. Bven if the O.LC, was somehow un aware of the alarms soendad by the experimental research on KB's, it couldn't have missed the conspicuous militant opponsnt of KB's, Stoos had begun peppering trie superion with memos la 19*. On Jan. 26, 1972. ha of KB's In soil around fallen polos, stone got back a memo from his su perior, Herbert Doig, thanking him for his efforts and telling him that others wars now at work on the problem 'It wlU. therefore, be unnecessary for you to devote additional time to the issue.** Pour days later. Stone wrote Doig: **Unfortunately, your May 7tb memo did not arrive until May 10th, and I had already taken mote samples end done more exploration Into the KB problem.. ..." It is plain that, for all his dedication to the Job, Stone did not exactly have a gift for gentle percussion. On May 26, 1974, for example, cutting through several bureaucratic layer*, he wrote directly to Carl Parker, chief of dm thing from ducks to eeela for PCB's. The coat of such an initial analysis, ha figured, would be no more than 63,406. Noting his particular concern for to* clearing "juvenile mortalities" in see birds on Oull Island to Long island Sound. Stoos ended that memo with the warning that "PCB's pose great threat to the same spades that the chlorinated hydrocarbon pasttctdaa threaten." . around the state to dig up sell samples where utility poles had fallen and splUed PCS'* from broken transform ers. Theee forays apparently mede am quite worried about PCfs and feel that their presence is one of the mors importmri wfldHfo management prob lems of our time but expect ttttle rec ognition of this problem In e depart ment that looks at such things as dear pouching end party penults as the leading conservation problem of the day." If Stone's bluntnest get Mm nowhere from the" inside, there is no evidence that anyone eould have done better from the outside. As fas buck as 1671, Robert Doyle- a senior writer for Sports Ilhwtreted, ardent fisherman and author of a hook on the Hudean that is remarkable for both Its Informa* mouse scooting around the kitchen. After sanding out a long memo detail ing his findings of op to 18,000 p.p.m. commissioned that showed coofamine* tion of roe from Hudson River striped bass at levels as high ee 11.4 p.pjsi. - 6* - MOMS 050064 "There arc grim figures and I certainly think the state aheuld warn fishermen noi to aat stflped-baas egg*," wrote Boyler Parfcsa's reply, according to Boyla, waa "derisive." What tha Mata would not do for itaaif waa finally dona, in August 1974, by Royal Nadtau and Robart Davit of tha local office of the tPA Disturbed, along with a faw othata in tha agency, by reporta of high PCB lavai* showing up around tha country, they decided to check out tha Hudson River, with special attention to tha taction below Port Edward and Hudson Falla. This waa hardly a brilliant idea, of course, tinea GX. had bean announc ing its PCB discharges in psnolt applications for years. Nadaau and Davit found extraordi narily high kaveia of PCB'a In tha water, rtvar mud and living craaturaa in tha vicinity of the O.K. plants. Juet below Port Edward, they found what waa, until than, a "world's rec ord" for PCB-Infasted fish--a rock boat (Mat uring in at 358 p.p.m. They could hardly balteva it waa still altva. For a full yaar, the report of the two sctentlata ftoeted around. H finally reached Oilman Vatih, a chamist at the E.PA's National Water Quality Laboratory In Duluth. Minn. Dr. VaiUi had first coma up against FOB'S as a graduate student working on the mink problem in tha 1900`s. Now ha waa watchdogging PCB'a nationwide. "I waa con- woret Td seen in the country by at least a factor of ton." Vatth wrote a review of that report, emphasising its seriousness, and sent it off to tha director of tha E.P.A. regional office in New York, It waa forwarded. In July of last yaar, to Ogden R. Raid, who had bean '"nmuiiitlmm of the D.E.C. for Juet six months. At last, things began to happen.'Startled by this alert all tha way frees Duluth, Retd known, but nothing had bean dona. Nobody had even bothered to tell him about PCB'a. Retd found that he bad to develop new com munication Hnas to inaura ha would gat PCB memos Including those of Ward Stone. That August, RaM warned the ctttetnry not to ant striped base from tha Hudson or salmon from Lake Ontario, a warning ha would convert into a ban 4a tha Hudson by February. Ha also ordered an administrative hearing, chaired by a Columbia University law profes sor, Abraham Softer, to deteralao If GX had violated state water-quality atandarde and, if so, what sort of restitution tha com pany should reasonably make. At those hearings, held last November, a parade of stage's wltnawa testified that PCI's are toxic to a wide rang* of living creatures, Enclutting man. U was also made strikingly dear not only bow high PCB counts ware dawnatwam from tha GX plants (7B.00B p.pm at tha Hudson Falls outflow), but how low they wore juot a faw hundred yards upstream (practically negligible). As a result of aaw surveys, tha record established by Nadaau and Davie with their rock bam was easdy braban by many Ash. The new record holder waa an American eel contain ing 875 ppjn. of PCB'a. It would hove supplied a consumer with more than half Ms Mfatima PCB Itmk as sol by tha F.DA. And in Canada. whore the maximum PCB content of edible flah is 18 p.pja. rather than 1 that single- . Given such testimony. It earns m quite a -7- MONS 050*49 surprise when OX intro duced it* own upart wfinas*. Gerald Lauer of Ecological Analysts, Inc., who presented hi* finding that flih taken from below th* two plant* did not contain PCB lavah In aseoa* of th* sonant itandait of 9 p.p.m. upon croae-examinatton, Lauar had trouble deciphering his own note* and table*. It turned out. furthermore, that the laboratory in Tannest** that bad mad* th* analysis had botched th* Job. G.K. with draw Lauar** testimony. OX did better with Its basic "affirmative defense," which held that It had applied for j and been granted both steta | end Federal permit* to d!*charge PCB*s. How could It be penalised for scrupulously following the law? Sofatr agrosd that thia argument had "more than superficial ap peal." But It wa* not enough to excuse OX from th* gem eral requirements of it* parmil. which forbade th* company to violate state water-quality standards even ingly, Sofaer ruled that HOX haa diacharged KB's In quan tities that hav* braaehad appiicabia standard* of watar quality . . . Injured flab, and . . . destroyed th* viability of recreational fishing In various part* of th* Hudson Alvar by rendering its fish dangerous to consume.* it cam* out during the hear ings, most httaraeHagly, that even before foe KB problem became pubtte, OX already had determined that further significant discharge* could ! bo dbntnatod without much difficulty. PCTa catered th* river primargy via watt* waters used to wash off the casings of capacitors that had bean submerged In a PCB bath. Tide water couM reedy be contained and tha pa's destroyed by oftm-Mgbtampantur* fodnerntton. OX war nor th* only party to loe* out. Just four months after Sofaer** decision was ! half aa Ctunmlminmr of the DXC Several tfcks had goo* I wrong, but the main on* wa* I that he hod picked an Inoppor tune time to go after O.L--tha mkUD* of governor Cany** dasparato campaign last wfntar to hoop the steta from baiag pulled down by New York City's financial eoltapa*. Looking forward to th* criti cal "spring borrowings," Carey was busy telling the financial eoaunanky what a wonderful and hospitable place Now York was to do buaineaa, while Bald played th* heavy to on* of the state's -j - HONS 050870 top corporate dtlaaos. At om I MtM apatlRl wMhjCniir ud Reid, ttM 0.1 board chairman. Reginald Jones, it reported to have aofrily warned that ht would pul) all conpMjr facul ties out of Now York If Hold forced tbo two Hudson River plants to fo to zoro-PCB do chargo before OX thought it feasible. PuMIdjr, Carey never bucked off from defending Reid on the OX Issue. But neither did he etop a vlgoroue frontal attack by Raid's fallow commissioner, John Dyaon of the State Departmeat of Commerce. "B zero diacherge means aero Jobe end three ouncaa meane 1,300 lobe, f eay wa go for three ounces," said Dyaon, In one of Ms nany utterances. Reid's downfall was has* tensd, do doubt, by a manner that struck many upper-levsl departmental bureaucrat# aa being peremptory and Insensi tive to the packing order. As the end approached last win er, three of those bureaaerate resigned together in protest of Reid's leadawhlp. Reid even bed the Albany press sniping at him over departmental ''morale" right up to the day of his resignation. At press conferences, certainly, Reid did not have Carey's light touch and fancy footwork in fending off sticky gusstlena. At a seneitiut Urns for the state in Its relatione with In dustry, Reid carried e Mg stick but walked loudly. Though Reid la gone, re placed by Rater A. A. Berts, end O.E.'* FCB discharge* era all but ended, a momentous problem remains: the estimated 900,000 pounds of KB*I on the river bottom downstream from the plants. The stats has roughly 90.4 million with which to attack the problem about $3.4 mUMon of It from the settlement with OX (The not of the OX money will be spent on studies of othci chemicals In tbs Hudson, in cluding the one OX plans to us* In place of PCB*t.) The , first step, which wtN cost about 91 million end take tat months. I* to find out what can be done.'This wiR consist mainly of mopping the precis* locations and depths of the PCfs, which now sp end Trey. The next step wM be to at tempt to render the PCI's yean, The meet obvious ap proach-dredging up the PCB muck preeants several prob lems. For oiw thing, tbo task might require expensive, spe- -9 - MONS oson di|)rMpHiMpf<M(n> over, no HywMi locality la likely to woleon huge mounds of KB muck la its backyard. Ono possible sola* tton. wMck Philip Olttsn. tho D.8.C. counsel, admits (a now "esoteric,'' would bo to neutraHsa the mhetenra through a campion method rocaatiy developed by a Canadta Mo* ly dsviloped strata of bac teria to devour thorn. It has wotfcad hi tha laboratory, but parfactsd for largo acala uaa. Dredging antails yot an* othar complication: Ufes stir* rants, renewing tha danger to living creatures, For this reason, says QlUao, soother approach might bs "to do nothing.** Tha trbuMa Is that, unllka dust la a closed room, PCB's don't noeasaarily Ha dormant. In tha 13 days of heaviest river flow each year, according to D.R.C. tests, as many as 10,009 pounds of PCB's may pass over tho Troy dam. They will than hand, unimpeded. toward tha rich estnary of Havorstraw Bay, where they can do far more ham than in tha already unhealthy and unproductive stretch shove tho Troy dom. Even if at least soma dredg ing is uadsrtahen--as now appoors likely--it assy bs throe years before PCB's are actually scooped out of tho river In quantity. hleo-badk taringwilt torn tha comer from tho tea In March and head up the river past tha Batiary, past tha West Side Highway, up tha ever* widening flow to tho Tappan Zeo and Kaveretraw Bay and even up Into tho narrowing of tho Highlands. They win twin up to spawn by the billions. Several weeks later, they will be followed by their larger cousins, tha fighting shad. Than will eoow ths swift striped bass end tha ancient. they will unavoidably accumu late PCB's. And, despite tha fish win be fret of PCB's, or fraa enough, at least, to allow tho river to bo reopened to commercial fishing. And, cer tainly. nobody knows precisely what the eventual effects of this subtle pollutant will be. 'V- MOMS 050S72