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.i * i.|aQ Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. 4400 Fifth, Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. April 22, 1929. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (A) News Items 258 RECENT COURT DECISION IN OHIO. The Supreme Court of Ohio rendered a decision on March 22, 1939, which is im portant with respect to common law recovery for occupational disease. Ohio has always been one of the few states in which the courts have held that there was no cormon law right to recover for occupational disease. A firm of lawyers in Marion, Ohio, has, over a period of years, filed numerous actions seeking to recover for silicosis and pneumoconiosis. They uniformly failed. Many of these cases were carried to the Supreme Court of Ohio and several efforts were made by them to get into the Supreme Court of the United States. Last fall they made an application in tho Supreme Court of Ohio for a rehearing of two cases, to-wit, Triff v. Natiopal Bronze e Aluminum Foundry Co., and Smith v. Loud d.b.a. Marion Brass h Bronze Foundry, and the Court granted the applica tion for the rehearing. The cases were reargued in the Supreme Court on January 17th. The employers of Ohio, acting through the Ohio Manufacturers Association, intervened, participated in the argument, and filed an elaborate brief. By a four to three decision, the Court on March 22nd rendered final decision in both cases specifically overruling former decision of the Court and holding that there is a cozrnon lav; right to recover in Ohio for occupational diseaso. Tho ef fect of tho decision with respect to silicosis is somewhat limited in vow of the fact that silicosis has been compensable 3ince the adoption of the amendment to tho Ohio Occupational Disease Act, which amendment became effective July 31, 1937, 259 TOWARD CONTROL OF SILICOSIS IN CALIFORNIA. Labor Standards, 2, 24, (Feb. 1939). About three years ago silicosis claims were being filed in large numbers, some times as many as 50 a month, but this numbsrhas gradually been reduced and is now about 3 per month, on the average. It is thought that the reduction has boon the result of extonsive preventive operations carried on during the past 15 years. 260 ORGANIZED LABOR ON INDUSTRIAL HEALTH. Labor Standards, 2, 24, (Feb., 1939). Attention is colled to on editorial in the January issue of the American Fedorationalist which states the interest of labor in the promotion of indus trial hygiene. The editorial asserts that technical information now exists that would protect workers and that it can be put to service through those govern mental agencies charged with promoting the welfare of labor. 004-396 References to Recent Literature - 2 (B) Facers on Dust, Dust Diseases and General Industrial Hygiene. 261 SILIC0SIS-CAS2 REPORTS. LI. Conrozier and J. Magnin. Industrial Medicino, 8, 114-20, (March, 1939). This article, a short notice of which appeared in our January, 1939 Abstracts (No. 16), has been translated fron tho French is is reproduced in pert in Indus trial Medicine for March, 1939. Some of the case-histories of the original paper are presented together with x-ray reproductions. The article, as translat ed, makes interesting reading inasmuch a3 it is noccssary for the authors, in their presentation, to provo to French physicians that silicosis is e separate disease entity. 262 VENTILATION IN THE GRANITE INDUSTRY. . E.C.J. Urban. Journal Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 21, 57-66, (March, 1939). This article describes the dust control methods in the granite industry in Vermont. The two most dusty operations ere drilling at the pit and finishing in the shops. Without local exhaust each operation develops concentrations far above a safe limit, set at 10 million particles per cubic foot. The most comon pit drill is the leyner drill, a long horizontal bar along which a vertical pneumatic drill is moved, drilling holes every 3.5 inches around the sides of the block. The exhaust on this drill consists of a specially designed hood built around the drill rod, exhausting 400 cu. ft. of air per min. Portable exhaust units consisting of hood, hose, box for dust-separating screens or bogs, exhaust fan and motor, are available and in comon use. In the finishing shops, special ly designed hoods on flexible rubber hoso are supplied for each machine. Photo graphs and sketches aro included rath tho article to aid in the descriptions. Proper operation of the available equipment will reduce the operators' dust ex posures to.far below the accepted standard of 10 m.p.p.c.f.Included also are the approximate costs of the equipment. 263 PREVENTION OF SILICOSIS IN SANDBLASTERS. H. Sauerteig. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg., 25, 297-305 (1938) (German). The article describes the new regulations for combatting silicosis by the Asso ciation of German Iron and Steel Trade Groups, which were published to go into effect in August, 1938. Following the regulations, the results of the examina tion of 4916 sandblasters is given, 1220 of whoa (24.6) were forbidden further work because their x-rays showed light to severe silicosis. The article also describes the various types of sandblasting, and tho necessary technical pre ventive measures, including many illustrations. Included elso is a description of the use of steel shot. Regarding the mon employed, all must be over 21, must pass a pro-employment examination and a subsequent examination after two years. No worker shall be employed es a sandblaster more than two years, efter which time ho must do non-dusty work for another two years. He may then return to sandblasting, after another examination. The examinations arc to be given by physicians authorized by the Association. 264 ASBESTOSIS. R.R. Sayers and W.C. Dreessen. American Journal Public Health, 29, 205-14, (March, 1939). Read before the Industrial Hygiene Section at the American Public Health Association Meeting, Kansas City, Mo., October 28, 193& This paper is a reviev; of the material contained in U.S. Public Health Bulletin No. 241 (See Abstract 804, 1933). It describes an extensive survey made by the U.S. Public Health Service together with tho North Carolina State Board of Health in the- asbestos toxtlle industries. Asbestosis, a comparatively modern disease, is caused by chrysotile, a hydrax od magnosium silicate containing no quartz. 004397 References to Recent Literature - 3 Its uses have increased greatly during the past 20 years. According to the re sults of the survey, cases of asbeotosis develop quite rapidly v/hcrc exposure to the dust is over 5 million particlos per cubic foot. No cases wore found where exposure v;as less than this figure and it has been accepted as a limit. Definite clinical and roentgenograph!c evidences of asbestos!s has been observ ed in exposed persons after 5 to 10 years of work in exposures exceeding 5 n.p.p.c.f. ............... 265 A STUDY 0? QUARTZ-FU3ING OPERATIONS V.TTH SPECIAL DEFERENCE TO THE UEASURZ2BJT AND CONTROL CP FUMES. E.C. Riley and J.M. DallaValle. U.S. Public Health Reports, 54, 352-8, (Harsh 3, 1939). No cases of silicosis have been reported among fused quartz operators in the United States, although evidences have been found among these non in European countries. The very short hours of daily exposure nay account for the lack of silicosis anong then in this country. Fused quartz is blown at tenpraturcs between 2700 end 3000??., at which temperatures it has bcc-n shown that the vap or pressure is quito high. The authors collected the fumos in regular inpiagors (two in series), estimated the nnount in solution by the method of King and Dol. an. During operations they found from 116 to 341 nicrogrcns per cubic foot, but it is impossible to correlate these findings because of the lack of other similar studies. ...Because of possible toxic.offeets of tho funeo and the disccafort of the excessive heat, it is rcconnendcd that quartz fusing operations bo carried . on under exhaust hoods. .... 266 CETTRAL MINING -- RAND MINES GROUP. HEALTH DEPARTMENT REPOST FOR THE YEAP. 1937. A.J. Orenstoin. Johannesburg, So. Africa. This report deals with the various activities of the Department, particularly with the health conditions of tho native labor force employed in the gold mines of the Y.'itwatersrand. The total mortality from all diseases for the year has reached tho record low level of 6.82 per 1000 and mortality due to accidents wa3 1.97 per 1000. The principal disease is pneumonia, the mortality rate for which v/ns 2.60 per 1000. Although the pneumonia rate still remains high, a notable improvement has been achieved when it is noted that tho mortality rate for this disease in 1911 wa3 13.0 per 1000. An analysis, taking into account meteorological conditions, shows that the highest incidence of pnemonia is during seasons of low temperature and high wind velocity. The incidnnce of pul monary tuberculosis has also been reduced notably. In 1915 tho rate was 12 per 1000, and in 1937 was 1.84 per 1000. At the same time tho mortality rato for the disease has dropped from 1.48 to 0.43. Tho Department maintains 11 hospitals, rescue training stations and supplies the workers with adequato, fully cooked . rations. - 267 TUBERCULOSIS IN INDUSTRY. G.C. Omstein and D. Ulnar. Quarterly Bulletin, Sea View Hospital, 4,, 164-81, (January, 1939). The writers toko exception to tho generally accepted views ns to the high in cidence of tuberculosis in industry. They recommend caution in attributing on abnormal incidence of tuberculosis to environmental factors in a particular industry when its labor is recruited from sections where the incidence of such infection is abnormally high. They do not subscribe to the opinion that silicot ic subjects arc more susceptible to tuberculosis than others; they believe that error has arisen in mistaking the lesions due to silica for those of tuberculos is and find: it impossible to diagnose tuborculosis in tho absence of denonctrabl tubercle bacilli. They concludo that tho present positive opinions arc based only on vital statistics and not on autopsy statistics. This assumption is in correct as there is in existence sufficient autopsy data upon which to buso op inions. Tho relation of trauma and exposure to obnoxious guse3 to tuberculosis is also discussed in the paper. References to Recent Literature -4. 263 TUBERCULOSIS INCIDENCE IN F^^IADILPHIA,2 INDUSTRIES. Charies-Francis Long. Industrial Medicine, 8_, 93-6, (March, 1939). A compilation of data from some of Philadelphia's industries shov;s the inci dence of tuberculosis in those industries to bo hotter than that of tho general Philadelphia population. The contribution of industrial modicine to the commun ity tuberculosis campaign lies in the physical examinations of large employed groups with prompt reference of tho tuberculous cases to the proper channels. Most large industries now have pre-enploynent and periodic examinations but suggestions ore made for tho extension of this service to the smaller companies. Chest x-ray films should be made a routino part of such examinations. Tho beneficaat effect of plant sanitation is cited. 269 INDUSTPJAL ASPECTS OF THE REHABILITATION PHOELHI OF TEE TUBERCULOUS. E.Hochhauser. Trans, of the Thirty-fourth Annual Meeting, National Tuberculosis AssociaxionJ93S. This paper is a study of the present practice in industry as to the re-enployment of workers with pulmonary tuborculosis after treatment and arrest of the disease. The author summarizes his conclusions based on 219 replies to a ques tionnaire sent out to plants in the United States and Canada. The best treatment from every point of view is to get the arrested cases back to work and tho real object is not obtained until they are again gainfully employed. In the cases roemployed tho loss of time compares favorably with thet of other employees. Most companies will re-employ arrested cases, while about one-half of those answering tho questionnaire would not accept them as nev; employees, largely because of the character of the work at those plants. 270 TEE PRACTICAL USE OF RESPIRATOR? FUNCTION TESTING B? MEANS OF HISTAMINE. Peter Muller. Deut. Tuberk.-Blatt., 1, 267-73, (1938) (German). Histamine causes (l) increased respiratory frequency through spastic contraction of the small bronchioles, (2) a docroase of vital capacity, through pulmonary statis and (3) a temporary shortening of the apnea. The effects occur in path ologically changed lungs, but not in healthy lungs. The changes produced by histamine parallel the soverity of tho conditions effecting the respiratory organs, and therefore the method is serviceable for testing respiratory function. Several cases of silicosis and silico-tuberculosis were tosted by using 1 mg. histamine (1 cc. Inido Roche) subcutaneously. Valuable information on the extent of pathological change can be obtained, and in silicosis cases it can be of diagnostic value. 271 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, PAST AND PRESENT, IN GERMAN?. F. Koelsch. Deutsch. Med. V/chnschr., 64, 1435-6, (1938) (German). A short survey is presented of the development of occupational disease in Ger many. In the "Iwain" of a minnesinger, Hartmann von der Auo, in 1204, the poor social conditions of women spinners and weavers ore described. The first German article on industrial hygiene "Regarding Poisonous Fumes and Vapors", was written in 1473 by Ulrich Ellenbogen, physician of tho town of Augsburs. He mentions the exposure of goldsmiths to cool fumes, lead, mercury, and aoua fortih- 272 MEDICAL RESEARCH AID REPORTS ON OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. REPRINTED FROM MAIN REPORT OF TEE FACTOR? INSPECTION FOR 1937. 46 pp., Gravchago, (1938) (Gorman). Material regarding the prescribed examination of certain Groups of workers is given together with reports of certain occupational diseases, as poisoning by benzene, carbon monoxide, lead, nicotine, and other substences. Of 248 sand blasters examined, 33 had definite silicosis, 12 v/cre doubtful cases and 8 had sllico-tubcrculosis. 004399 \ References to Recent Literature - 5, 273 THE DURATION 0? INCAPACITATING SICKNESS. A.3. Walker. Journal Royal Son. Inst., 59, 511-26, (January, 1939) (British). This paper, based on the returns of incapacitating sickness in the insured pop ulation of Scotland, shows that such sickness has tended to rise. On the whole, there has been a rise in both sickness and disablement benefit payments from 1921 to 1933 but the rise has been proportionately greater in disablement bene fit. The average disability for the year 1935-6 was 12 days longer than the average for the yoars 1930-5, end the increase was mainly duo to an increase in chronic incapacities, i.o., incapacities of 1 year or more. 274 INDUSTRIAL DISEASES AND EFFORTS TO PREVENT THEM BY INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS IN 1937. (FROM THEIR ANNUAL REPORT). Arbeitsschutz, pp. 330-8, (1938) (German). The report presents material on the frequency of industrial diseases in certain industries. Altogether there were 13,566 cases reported and 1,267 compensated for the first time, with 164 fatal cases. Valuable individual reports on diseas es and protective measures are included in the second part. Researches on print ing dyes made without benzene and its homologs arc important, but these dyes evidently give good results only if the edition printed is not too large. The discussion on the prevention of silicosis calls attention to the fact that some industries are substituting artifical grinding stones for sandstone ones, and using steel shot in sandblasting in place of quartz sand. 275 DANGER 0? DUST IN 0EZHLAU5ITZ FACTORIES MAKING FIRECLAY AND SILICA BRICKS. R. Maassen ana H.E. Buttner. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9_, 179-97 (1938) (German). The article reports the work done in two factories in-Silesia and the examination of 508 workers of whom 91 showed silicosis with an additional 50 being doubtful oases. The authors state that training is much more highly essential in making the diagnosis than ever'before. The silica brick pirn', employed 79 men and had been in operation 15 years; the fireclay plant employed291 men and had operated 29 years. There happened to bo the same number of silicotics in each plant and from this the authors conclude that the silicosis hazard was about equal, a con clusion which does not seem reasonable. Dust hazards can only bo oveluated by taking dust counts. 276 TBHY NOT A DUST-FREE FOUNDRY? C. B. Gordy. Factory Management and Maintenance, 97, 79-80, (March, 1939). Description is given of an extensive dust and smoke control system in a large foundry which maintains dust free atmospheres in all locations. The system handles over a million cubic foot of air per minute and requires 13 men to oper ate it over a thrce-3hift poriod. The investment was mado, not especially to gain a specific saving in operating costs, but to insure a clean working place for tho employeos. 277 RESEARCH ON THE CAUSE AND PREVENTION OF PNEUMONIA IN A FACTORY. M. Gundol and Y/. Heine. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9_, 248-68, (1938) (German). Among 400-500 workers in a steel factory, there wore 35 cases of pneumonia, with 25 douths, over a period of six and one-half years. Careful investigations of the chemical and physical causes were mado without results. In nearly every case tho pneumonia developed from a cold or exposure to cold. In 18 of 30 casos it wa3 shown tint after working in an oven, the men washed up and then drove heme on motorcycles. In othdr casos tho disease appeared shortly after the men re sumed work following a long poriod of unemployment. General hygienic rules for combating tho disooso arc suggested. Such investigations are valuable, since the high incidence of pneumonia in cortain industrios is not unusual. 004400 References to Recent Literature - 6. 278 AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CLINIC FOR IRON WORKERS. W. F. Cries. Mining and Metallurcy, 20, 205, (April, 1939). Preventive medicine is less costly than corrective medicine. The healthy workman is the efficient workmen and now programs to make his. sore health-minded are bcia put into operation. The author gives a description of a New Industrial Hygiene Clinic being established in one of the iron mining companies in Northern Michi gan. Regular physical examinations which have been made during the past will bo continued but more emphasis will be placed on early diagnoses so that immediate medical care may be given. 279 ROENTGEN STUDY 0? THE LUNGS OF BUFFERS AND DRY GRINDERS IN THE RSISCKETD TOOL INDUSTRY. V/. Bergerhoff. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9., 167-73 (1933) (German). Artificial grinding wheels cure used in this industry. Eighty subjects employed in the work from one to 41 years were studied, and the results confirm all that was found about 10 years ago ~ that among these workers one finds only a light fibrosis. Silicosis is found only if the men work near sandstone grinders. The author emphasizes the importance of the ultramicroscopic dust particles. 230 CHANGES IN THE HEART Aid FJLMONAHY BLOOD VESSELS IN OTEtZHENTAL SILICOSIS AND SILICO-TUBERCULOSIS. G. Hegemann. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., _9, 228-37, (1933) (Germa in an attempt to study heart changes in silicosis, the author compared the weight of the heart with that of the kidneys in a series of experiments with rabbits. He found no evidence, however, that the weight of the heart had changed in rela tion to that of the kidneys. Only two of the 70 rabbits examined, however, had symptoms of serious silicotic modulation. 231 THE SPUTUM IN SILICOSIS. A. Ingelman-Sundberg. Nord. lied. Tid., 16., 1619-26, (1933) (Norwegian). In recognition of the difficulty of establishing a positive radiological diag nosis in silicosis, the author searches for other diagnostic methods by an in vestigation of sputum tests. Saploying a modification of Burke's method for the detection of mineral particles in sputum, he has investigated four cases of knov.i silicosis end two each of suspected silicosis, using six persons without dust ex posure as controls. The four silicotic patients had 170, 230, 170 and 540 par ticles per cc. of sputum. The two suspected cases had 50 and 250 particles per cc. The mineral particle count of the controls ranged from 30 to 70 particles per cc. The experiments and. procedure are being continued with hope of better result 282 USEFULNESS OF LEHMANN'S APPARATUS FOR TESTING NASAL FILTRATION IN ORDER TO SEL ECT PERSONS NOT ENDANGERED BY DUST EXPOSURE. V. Reiohmann. Arch, f. Gewerbepath. 9, 43-57 (1939) (Gernnan). The noses and lungs of 392 miners and stonecutters were examined by using Lehmann's method. It was found that the number of "good" noses was small and that the owners of such nosos do acquire silicosis, although not as often. The author maintains that working age is of greater significance. All men perform ing hard work breathe through both the nose and the mouth. The examinations showed that the samo individual varied a great deal at different timos so that the method w*as not a sound ono in selecting men for dusty work. 283 SCLEROSIS AND ANTHRACOSIS IN THE PULMONARY LYMPH NODES. G. Mottura. Rass. Med. Industr., 9.i 330-44, (October-Deceaber, 1938) (Italian). This is a pathological study. The author states that his paper is designed to re-exaiaine published material and to study tho various aspects of sclerosis (hardening) of tho lymph glands of tho lungs. Examination of tho lungs of autopsied industrial workers indicated that the chronic irritative factor from coal dust was relatively unimportant, but that the dust tended to accumulate in tho lymph glands. 004401 References to Recent Literature - 7 284 THE CHEMICAL STUDY- C'F SILICEOUS INDUSTRIE DUSTS. H.V.A. Eriscoc. Science Progress, 33, 447-61 (January, 1939) (British). This paper is c short summary of the work v:hich the author and his co-workers have done up to date. To collect samples of the dust "as the worker breathes it", it has beon stipulated that the dust must be secured without contamination, not wetted v.lth wutor and oust not be heated above 100C. Three methods of collect ion are used; volatile solid filters which can be sublimated away from tho col lected dust at relatively low temperatures (as naphthalene, acenaphthalene or anthracene); solublo solid filters as salicylic acid from which the dust can be centrifuged; and the labyrinth, wherein the dust is trapped by impingment on baffles. Thus far cost of the tests have been confined to loss on ignition end to solubility of tho various typos of dust collected, although the latter has not been investigated thoroughly. 285 METHODS OF MEASURING SMALL DUST SAMPLES. 0. M. Faber. Staub., 8, 4-46 (1933) (German). _ It is desirable for many purposes to have a method which will quickly evaluate the dust in the atmosphere. Such a method is necessary for testing respirators. Actual counting ia very troublesome and other methods aro much preferable. The author first reports on various- kinds of micrometers, then on methods and instru ments for rapid measurement of dust on konimeter slides by photographic methods. He then selects the method of Walton as the best of this sort and a description of it is given. This method is described in this country in Journal Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, 18, 689-98 (December, 1936). 286 INCREASING THE PORTABILITY' OF THE BAUSCH L L0M3 DUST COUNTER. L. Silverman end C. R. Williams. Journal Industrial Hygiene L Toxicology, 21, 67-71, (March 1939). The portability of the Bausch and Lomb du3t counter has boen increased by two minor changes. First, the pump mechanism has been moved from a horizontal posi tion to a vertical one alongside th^microscope tubo. Second, the base of the counter has been changed to contnin/flaohlight-battcry powered lamp to enable the instilment to be used at tho site of sampling without an electric current. A series of tests with the redesigned instrument shows that its efficiency in the some of that of the original counter. 287 THE FLOW OF AIP. AND ITS DISTRIBUTION THROUGH DUCTS. Part 2. FLOY; Y7I7K FRICTION. DUCTS WITH EQUAL FRICTION. J.R. Zwickl. Heating ic Ventilating, 36, 49-52, (March, 1939). A previous article in the February issue described and developed formulas for flow without friction. The present paper continuos the series with attention to flow with friction. The series of articles is a good discussion of the hydraul ics of duct systems. 288 CLEANING OF DUST RESHEATOES. Hetzel. Dragerhefte, 198, 3949-52 (1938) (German). Cleaning dust masks usod in mineral dust exposure was 90-100 per cent effective, provided, howrever, that the filtor had not been used for too long a period. Cleaning wes not effectivo after the respirators had been used on ammonium chlorido or other such aerosols. 289 HEALTH INJURY-1 FROM FORMALIN RESULTING FROM ITS USE AS A DISINFECTANT OF GAS MASKS. Hotscl. Dragsimitteil., 41, 7-8, (1933) (German). When masks are cleaned vlth formalin solution or formaldehyde gas, they must bo thoroughly rinsed vlth water and well aired. Instances of injury havo been noted when these precautions wore not followed. OO4402. References to Recent Literature - 8. 290 AMERICAN STANDARD SAFETY CODE FOR THE PROTECTION OF HEADS, EYES, AND RESPIRATORY ORGANS. U.3. 3ureou of Standards, Handbook H24, U.S. Dept. Commerce, Washington, 95 pp., (1938). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C. price 15. This booklet, superseding H2, was prepared under the chairmanship of Dr. M. G. Lloyd of the Bureau of Standards. Manufacturers, insurance companies, labor or ganizations, technical societies, etc., were represented on the committee. While there is nothing especially now in the handbook, it contains the various govern mental specifications for masks, rospirators, goggles, welding helmets, air masks, and has an excellent index. The result is a practical and handy manual. (C) Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer, Dermatitis, etc. 291 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY OF CALIFORNIA WINERIES. Industrial Hygiene Service. Dept, of Public Health, California. Investigation Report No. 2, 36 pp. (February, 1939). This bulletin describes the wine industry in California, the classifications of wine, the processes in its production, together with the potential health haz ards that are involved in the processes. The materials and environmental condi tions to which winery employees arc exposed to some degree, and which nay have a detrimental effect on health, include alcohol vapors (7655 of all employees); carbon dioxide (53$); excessive dampness (51$); sulfur dioxide gas (24$); alkalis (14$); and carbon monoxide (12$). A set of provisions for protecting employee health is suggested. 292 FROM THE SWISS FACTORY INSPECTORS' REPORTS FOR 1937. E. Bitterli. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 278-80, (1936) (German). A short survey of the activity of factory inspectors revealed some interesting . observations. There were found some cases of addiction to trichlorethylene in workers in that department of a factory. Cases of poisoning from hydrogen sul fide developed when a sodium sulfide lye was allowed to run into a trough con taining acid water. A case of death from nitrogen dioxide from autogenous weld ing is described. % 293 WORK WITH PNEUMATIC TOOLS IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY AS CAUSE OF DISEASES OF MUSCLES, EONES AND JOINTS. K. Schramm. Arch. f. orthopad. u. unfall-Chir., 39, 248-57, (November 17, 1938) (German). Disabilities caused by pneumatic tools have been reported chiefly in men who , work in mines and in the stone industry, not so much in the men who use such tools in the iron and steel industries. In this paper the author describes his observations on 58 iron and steel workers who operated pneumatic harriers and riveters. It was found that defects caused by pneumatic tools are not less common in these workers than in workers in mines and quarries. Typical changes were found in the elbow joint, shoulder joint end in the sinilunax (wrist) bone* That predisposition plays c. part is proved by the fact that some workers who had used pneumatic tools for 25 years were free from complaints,whereas a young worker had noticeable defects after 3 years. Discussing the prevention, the author stresses tho importance of selecting the right type of tool in accordance with the hardness of tho material to be worked upon. Men who work with pneuantic tools should be subjected to examinations at regular intervals in order that possible impairment nay bo recognized early. 004403 References to Recent Literature - 9. 294 AFFECTIONS 0? TEE SHOULDER JOINT IN RELATION TO OCCUPATION. L. Teleky. Trans. 5th Internet. Congress on Rheumatism, Stockholm, September 1936. Mercators Tryckeri, Helsingfors, (1938) (Sweden). The components of thy shoulder joint are described in scae detail. The bones and ligaments of many persons froquentiy show changes caused by extensive lift ing of heavy objects. They occur frequently in longshore.acn, porters, black smiths, niners, and those who work with compressed air tods. Injury to the olbow joint is, however, more common among tho latter. 295 INFECTIONS OF THE EU4D. R. Pilcher. Indust. Welfare, 20, 476-30, (December, 1938) (British). This paper gi'res a short analysis of cases dealt with at a special 'iVhitlov; Clinic starred at University College Hospital, London, in 1933. Of 192 patients with a history of injur,-, only throe had received first-aid treatment and this stands out as the most important necessity for rapid recovery. Certain features of treatment of different types of injury are also discussed. 296 ELECTRIC OPHTHATMIA AS IN INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT. E. Avalos. Rev. Cubans Oto-Neurc-Oft., , 4i (1938) (Cuban). The effects upon the eye-of electrical energy cf varying intensities arc describ ed, and prophylactic measures suitable for workers exposed to such harmful ef fects ore proposed. 297 Y/KAT THE PHYSICIAN SHOULD OBSERVE II? GIVING ARTIFICAL RESPIRATION. G. Pflosser. Mod. Welt., 12, 1600-1 (1938) (Geiman). The author tested whether the fatal effect in animal experiments is caused by the oxygen itself or by faulty technic. Y/hen ho used pure oxygon the animals died after a few hour's inhalation. With the usual oxygon apparatus, 80 per cent oxygon at most is inspired; with the inhalation apparatus, 55-65 por cent, . and with the pulmotor 40-60 per cont. Only with tho so-called automatic lung apparatus does it rise to 99 per cent. Those automatic devices must be employ ed with care. In toxic pulmonary edema, the pulmotor should not be used, because excess pressure and too low pressure arc too difficult to avoid. In all cases without lung tissue injury it can be used with good results. 298 PNEUMOTACHOGRAPH!C RESEARCH ON ARTIFICAL RESPIRATION. L. Fischer and I.Engeser. Med. Welt., 12, 1664-7 (1938) (German). With a tachograph the authors took respiration curves on a patient trained to submit to artificial respiration without breathing himself. They show the re sults of various methods of artificial respiration. That for Sylvester's method deviates substantially from the normal; that for the Howard method gives very unsatisfactory results; and that for the bioaotor gives a curve corresponding to the normal. Tho Hans bellows are also satisfactory. When possible, manual meth ods should be replaced by mechanical ones. 299 CONTINUOUS RECORDING 0? THE SKIN TEMPERATURE 0? MAN. H. Anton. Arch, f. Hyg., 120, 63-104 (1938) (German). An apparatus is described for the continuous registration of the temperature of a number of spots on tho skin. The change of potential developed by thermocoup les is followed with a string galvanometer and reproduced photographically. By means of a revolving drum, contact is repeatedly made with each of tho thermo couple loads. A circuit for calibration is embodied in tho arrangement. Appara tus for ensuring that tho standard tanperaturo remains steady throughout the recording is also described. 004404- References to Recent Literature - 10. 300 FOURTH REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON LIGHTING IN FACTORIES. Hone Office. H. U. Stationery Office, London, 1936. Regulation of Industrial lighting was begun for the first time in Great Britain in 1937. The object of the report presented here is to review tho recommenda tions of previous committees and to make rocommendations as to standards fer tho new code. It is statod that the effects of bad lighting are: (1) increased ac cident rate; (2) damage to eyesight and health; (3) insanitary conditions; (4) effect on discipline; and (5) diminished output and quality of work. 301 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FIELD FEVERS IN SOUTHERN BAVARIA. W. Rinpau. Much. med. Wchnschr., 85, 1979-81 (1933) (Geraan). This disease of harvesters in certain parts of Germany has been shown to be caused by leptospira, a subgroup of spirochetes. The difference between this disease and Y/eil's disease (icterus infectlosus) is still not clear as to the infective agent and epidemiology. Of those with field fevors, about 2 per cent develop icterus. 302 CLINICAL ASPECTS AND SPECIFIC THERAPY OF FIELD FEVERS. G. Jordens. Munch, med. Wchnschr., 05, 1979-01 (1938) (German). The author reports on a number of cases, mostly among harvest v;orker3, who work borefoot or with inadequate shoes. Tho disease begins suddenly with chills and high fever. Most of the patients showed marked stupor, conjunctivitis, gastric symptoms, bronchitis, frequent hyperesthesia of tho bones, and occasionally an exanthema like measles. The fover falls by crisis in most cases, but the pat ients recover very gradually. Fatal cases ere rare. In many areas in Lower Bavaria at harvest tino, hundreds of workers are incapacitated for 2-3 weeks, and only gradually recovor complete ability to work. $03 DISEASES OF TIE KIDNEYS /MONO STREETCAR EMPLOYEES. R. Civetta. Med. del lavoro, 29, 302-5, (1938) (Italian). Of 248 employees, the author found 56 with urine changes; 35 with phosphaturia, 6 with a slight albuminuria, and some with the two combined. The incidence seems high to the author, and he discusses the 'possible causes. 304 THE 7.HIT2 BLOOD PICTURE HI GENERAL CHILLING OF THE BODY. A. Frohlich. Dtsch. Ztschr. f. d. ges. ger. Med. 30, 199, (1938) (Geiman). Rabbits were held up to their necks for 8 to 15 minutes in ice v/ater (1C). Blood samples wore token just before the experiment, about 15 minutes after it, and again about en hour later. A total leucocyte decrease was found in 10 animals and in 5 others there was a definite increase. Tho lcucocytosis develop ed in especially strong animals which had better resistance to cold than tho others; the temperature drop they suffered was loss, also. 305 CHEMICAL CHANCES IK TEE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFTER ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS. F. Masella. Folia med., 24, 1121-31 (1938) (Itelicm). The author examined the blood, brain and nerves of rabbits killed by electric currents or killed after prolonged electric dosage. There ?/ere charges in the amounts of calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate and cholesterinc, but in creases or reductions in these materials woro not regular. 004405" References to Recent Literature - 11. 306 THE CHROMIC EFFECTS ON DOGS OF FEEDING DIETS CONTAINING LEAD ACETATE, LZ'JD ARSENATE, AND ARSENIC TRIOZIDE IN VARYING CONCENTRATIONS. H.O. Calvary. E.P. Laug and li.J. Harris. J. Pham. Exp. Therapy, 64, 364-87, (December, 1928). THE EFFECT OF LEAD OH RATS FED DIETS CONTAINING LEAD ARSENATE Aim LEAD ACETATE. E.P. Laug end H.P. Morris. Ibid., 64 , 388-410. THE STORAGE OF ARSENIC IH RATS FED A DIET CONTAINING CALCIUM AESHIATE AMD ARSENIC TRIOXIDE. H.J. Morris and E.V,'. Wallace. Ibid., pp. 411-19. THE GROWTH AID REPRODUCTION OF RATS FED DIETS CONTAINING LEAD ACET.VTE AID ARSENIC TPJOXIDE AND THE LEAD AND ARSENIC CONTENT OF HET.VBORN AID SUCKLING RTS. H.P. Morris, E.P. Laug, H.J. Morris end R.L. Grant. Ibid., pp. 420-45. TIE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM AID PHOSPHORUS OH THE STORAGE AID TOXICITY OF LEAD AID ARSEJIC. R.L. Grant, H.O. Colvery, E.P. Laug and H.J, Morris. Ibid.,pp, 446-57 VARIATIONS IN THE ARGIHASE CONCEfTRATIONS HT TEE LTIERS OF WHITE RATS CAUSED BY THE AIMINISTRATIOH OF ARSENIC AID LEAD. H.D. Lightbody and H.O. Calvery. Ibid., pp. 458-64. VThen lead or arsenic was incorporated in the diet of rats and dogs, there was clear ovidence of storage, even at the lowest lovels fod. Rats proved relatively less sensitive to lead, tolerating amounts up to 213 mg./kg. in their diet. At this high level, there v,t.s impairment of growth, and marked hypertrophy of the kidneys. At somewhat lower levels of intake, no effects were noted on fecund ity or fertility. Dogs wore very sensitive to lead and showed tho characteristic symptoms associated ?/ith lead poisoning on intakes as low as 0.33 mg./kg. per day, an amount well within tho range of possible toxicity for the human. It was found that v/hon the level of calcium was reduced in tho diet, both rats end dogs wore not only much more sensitive to lead, but also stored from 3C0 to 400 per cent raore lead in their tissues. Tho largest storage of lead occurred in the bones, kidneys and livors. Storage of lead in the long bones favored the epi physeal region and in tho kidneys, tho cortex. Clear evidence was also obtained that both lead and arsenic pass from the maternal tissues to tho fetus, end in the case of lead a measurable amount passes into the milk (arsenic was not de termined in tho milk) whence it is absorbed and stored by the rat from birth to weening. In contrest to dogs, rats proved to be somewhat more sensitive to arsenic than to lead. Calcium arsenato, in the amounts fed in these experiments provod to bo more toxic than arsenous oxide. Arsenic, while exerting little or no hypertrophic offeet on kidneys, did produce, in rats, a marked effect on the liver. It was also found that both lead and arsenic lowered the erginase con centration in the livers of rats, as well as the response of erginase increase in starvation. 307 CHRONIC LEAD POISONING. H.B. Williams. Journal American Medical Association, . 112. 534-7, (February 11, 1939). A physician tells of hi3 own experience in developing a chronic lead poisoning without the well-known classic symptoms of constipation, colic, blood changes, end lead-line on tho gums. Ho and mombers of his family used water from a copper tank that had been reinforced in certain places with a wiping solder con taining two-thirds loed, which dissolved qulto readily in the slightly acid water. Tho amount absorbed daily was very small but v;as sufficient, in addition to tho other ordinary sources of lead, to produce noticeable nervous disorders without the other classic symptoms. 004406 References to Recent Literature - 12. 308 CEUHWXnETSIC INVESTIGATIONS CF LEAD V.'ORKZRS EEFORE AND /JETER WORK. E.I.Schutz. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9_, 198-227, (1933) (German). The author examined by chronaxinetry (the measurement of the time required for the excitation of a nervous element by a definite stimulus) the flexor and ex tensor muscles of 26 women typists before their work and after 9 hours of work. In the evening the average time required was 36 per cont longer than in the morning. He then examined 25 white lead workers who had been employed in this work for several years. Their chronaxy values were considerably higher than those of the non-lead workers and the author concludes that this measurement is valuable in diagnosing lead damage.. This point was first brought out by F. H. Lewy in America and the present work serves to support Lewy's view. The value of the measurement in the recognition of impending damage is not as yet deter mined. 309 BLOOD PROTEINS IN LEAD COLIC AND MERCURY POISONING. M. Renato. Med. del lavoro, 9, 363-72, (December, 1938) (Italian). The author notes a diminution in the globulines and a light hyper-albuninemia in 5 cases of lead colic and 4 cases of mercurialism studied. In all cases of lead poisoning, after the disappearance of symptoms, various protein fractions returned to their normal values, while in the mercurialism they persisted or even increased. 310 LEAD POISONING AMONG WORKERS MAKING PROJECTILES. U. de Peppe. Med. del lavoro, 29, 257-68, 306-11, 332-40 (1938) (Italian). The author examined 53 workers in ammunition factories and presents the blood findings and material on porphyrinuria for each man. He concludes that such work is only mildly dangerous, but that many workers develop a hyposaturnism with no clinical symptoms but with slight blood changes: slight diminution of hemoglobin content and a real polyglobulia. 311 AN UNUSUAL CASE OF LEAD POISONING. G.E. Beaumont and R. Wyburn-Mason. British Medical Journal, pp. 150-3, (January 28, 1939) (British). A full clinical record is given of a case which was determined to bo lead pois oning before the source of contamination vras discovered. Encephalopathy, trans ient blindness, oliguria, raised blood urea and abdominal pain were present, end also anemia and slight jaundice. No history of occupational risk was obtained as the patient was a railway signal clerk, but the symptoms had preceded this occupation. The domestic water supply was from a well, and was pumped through load pipes. Water allowed to st^nd in these pipes showed 4 parts of lead per 10 million parts water. 312 RISK OF LEAD POISONING OCCUPATIONALLY INCURRED IN PREPARING "ETHYL" PETROL. F. Costs. Arch. Mai. Profess., 1., 281-93, (1938) (French). Motor fuel containing tetra-ethyl lead is prepared in 41 stations in France where ethyl fluid imported from America is mixed with gasoline. During the last four years 17$ men have been employed in this work. The men ore provided with entire outfits of working clothes, rubber aprons, gloves and boots, which arc inspected daily. All workers are carefully selected by medical examination and must pass subsequent examinations two or throe times a year. Because of the careful nedical supeivision, no cases of poisoning from the highly toxic tetra-ethyl lead compound have occurred in this industry. 004407 References to Recent Literature - 13 313 BOOK HEVir.7 -- CARBON MONOXIDE ASPHYXIA. Cecil K. Drinker. Oxford University Press, New York. 276 pp. (1933) Price $4.50 The book is a valuable source of information for those with a practical or theoretical interest in carbon monoxide poisoning. The author begins by giving a complete description of the physiology of respiration end the exchange of gases in the lungs as a basis for the text that follows. Other chapters are devoted to statistical and general information, pathology of asphyxia, treatment, the contro versial subject of chronic poisoning, and discussion of methods of detection. Tho work is especially valuable for those in fields of industry having a carbon monoxide problem. 314 CARBON MONOXIDE FILTERS AND VARIOUS EXP2SHJDJTAL CLAIMS. H. Muschenbom. Dragerhefte, 198, 3959-61 (1933) (German). Experiments shov; that the length of time a carbon monoxide filter can be used depends not so much on the carbon monoxide content (at least from 0.1 to 2.0 per cent) as on the moisture content of the air. For instance, at 25 per cent rela tive humidity a filter is good for 15.2 hours in 0.1 per cent carbon monoxide, 12.8 hours in 2.0 per cent. With a relative humidity of 90 per cent the res pective periods of effectiveness for these concentrations is 9.8 and 8.3 hours. 315 CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. S. E. Schartz. Viestnik Ophth., 15, 370 (1938) (German The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are very bizarre generally, as well as in relation to ocular manifestations. The author's case was unusually severe, with edema and ecchymosis of the lids, chemosis, exophthalmos, limitation of movement, superficial keratitis, and rise of intraocular tension. Tho final re sult was loss of vision in the right eye and recovery in tho left. 316 CAREON DISULFIDE POISONING. R. McDonald. Arch, of Ophth., 20 , 838-45 (1939). The author was among those who collaborated on the viscose rayon study made re cently in Pennsylvania (Abstract 826, 1938) and the material is the same as that on which the Pennsylvania report is based. The literature on ophthalmologic effects of carbon disulfide is reviewed and the author's experience in examining 120 men from viscose rayon; plants is given. More than half of those examined had been employed for 10 years or longer, and approximately 75 per cent had ocular complaints of various sorts. Enlargement of the blindspot, which has not previously been reported in tho literature, is believed by the author to be the most significant early ocular sign of chronic carbon disulfide intoxication. It was found in 22.5 por cent of all workers examinod. Diminution of the corneal reflex was the most constant finding, occurring in more than one-half of tho cases. Diminution of the light reflex was the socond most common finding. Vascular changes of the usual nature were found in about one-third of tho cases. Although amblyopia was a consaon symptom in tho previously reported literature, it was not present in any of the cases in the author's series, and no scotomata wero demonstrable. 317 DETERMINATION OF CARBON DISULFIDE AND CARBONYL SULFIDE IN GASES IN THE PRESENCE - OF EACH OTHER. A.V. Avdeeva. Zavodskaya Lab., 2> 279-81, (1938) (Russian). The gas is aspirated through 3 connecting absorption flasks in the order given. Sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are absorbed in a standard iodine solution; titrating the solution with sodium hydroxido to motfcyl orange gives hydrogen sulfide directly end 3ulfur dioxide by difference. Carbonyl sulfide is absorb ed in 7.5 per cent calcium chloride containing 1 per cont ammonium hydroxide, and the carbon disulfide in alcoholic 15 percent potassium hydroxide. The solu tions are then oxidized with hydrocen peroxide or bromine as usual and the con tents of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide arc determined by precipitating the sulfuric acid with barium chloride. 004402 References to Recent Literature - 14. 318 SFECTROORAK-IIC METHOD FOR IDE/TIFICAIIOI-: AND DZTEUCNATION OF SHALL QUANTITIES OF BESSIE; DETERMINATION OF 3EN2ENZ VAPORS III AS ATMOSPHERE. P. Lurian. J. Pham. Chen., 27, 561-77 (1938) (French). The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of benzene in alcoholic solution permits identification of benzene down to a dose of 0.1 mg. The absorption curve of this alcoholic solution is obtained by means of the apparatus of Fabre and Any (see Chen. Abstr., 31., 6109). By calculating the optical density of the raaximuns, benzene can be determined for quantities equal to 2 mg or more, with an approximation of 5 per cent. The technic is applied to the detection and deter mination of benzene in the atmosphere by condensing it at low temperature in the prcsenco of 95 per cent alcohol, which under these conditions collects it com pletely. 319 THE PROBLEM OF APLASTIC BOSS MARROW AND PSEUDO-APLASTIC LFJCB2A FROM BENZENE EXPOSURE. F. Permit and E. C. Vigliani. Rass. Med. Industr., 345-61 (October-December 1938) (Italian). Chronic benzene poisoning divides itself into four categories: (1) cases that are clinically, hematologicolly end onatoao-pathologicnlly typical of aplastic anemia; (2) cases clinically typical of eplastic anemia but showing an active heaopoesis especially in the bone marrow*, with numerous undifferentiated blood cells (pseudo-aplastic anemia); (3) atypical cases of aplastic anemia with myel itic hyperplasia or metaplasia, having a lcucemic appearance, especially in the spleen and liver; and (4) cases of certain chronic or acute leucemia not in frequently appearing as a leucemia. The abovo classification was capable of being experimentally demonstrated in animals. They are stated to bo a direct effect of toxic action of benzene end should be so designated. 320 CLINICAL ASPECTS OF POISONING BY SOLVENTS OF THE AROMATIC SERIES. E. C. Vigliani. Rass. Med. Industry., 9., 303-29 (October-December 1938) (Italian). This article is a sumnary of present knowledge with regard to benzene and its derivative.Stress is laid on the action of these substances on the blood. Socondary effects arc discussed at some length. The author points out that care should be exorcised in identifying the specific solvent which is used, since symptomatology varies v/ith the different homologs and derivatives of benzene. 321 EXAMINATIONS OF LEIPZIG PHOTOENGEAVERS V/ITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEMORRHAGIC TENDENCY. S. Kchle. Arch. f. Kyg., 121, 67-83 (1938) (German). Following a review of the literature the author gives a careful description of the results of examining 20 photoengravers. Symptoms rofarable to the central norvous system were very numerous: headache, dizziness, fatigue; others referable to the digostlvo tract were eructations and heartburn. The many findings on hemorrhagic tendency and vasolability were striking. The thrombocyte values in half of the casos lay in the lowest normal range, but definite thrombopenin was not seen. In 75 per cent of the casos, the Rumpd-Leedc test was positive, suggesting injury to the vascular endothelium. The dermographia found in cli eases points to damage to tho capillary function. In 30 per cent, and, in a later examination, 40 per cent, there was found leucopenia and neutropenia (v/ith tho latter r. relative lymphocytosis). In conclusion tne author reports on a case of fatal aplastic anemia in a 60-year old photoengraver who had worked for 19 years. 004409 References to Recent Literature - 15. 322 THE "TOLERANCE C0KC22H3ATICK" OF RADON IN THE ATMOSPHERE. J. Real. r.nd J. C. Mottraa. 3rit. J. Redid., 12, 54-60 (January, 1939) (British). Radon, the gaseous substance "chat enanates from radium, is said to cause leucopeni:-. cmong v/orkors handling radium, or working in atmospheres v;hero radium is stored. Concentrations found in various working places were taken, and orperi-1' nents on mice were carried out. From the results the allowable limit suggested is 10"^ curies per cc. This allows for u safety factor of 10. Proper venti lation can keep the concentration down to 10**12 curies per cc. It is suggested that radium safes be ventilated continually or just prior to opening. Workers exposed to radon should be examined periodically in order to establish defin itely the safe concentration. 323 A CASE OP MYELQTTC LEOCSsIA IN AN X-RAY ASSISTANT OBSERVED FROL! THE BEGINNING. W. Weits. Klin. tVeknscfcr., 17, 1579-80 (1938) (German). The patient, born in 1901, began work in 1920 with x-rays, worked extensively with them after 1930. Sines then her blood has been examined regularly. In August, 1932, there was a considerable increase of eosinophils, end in June 1933 she gave up the work entirely. At that time there v/ero 25,000 leucocytes, of which one-half of one per cent were immature myelocytes, 2 per cent meta myelocytes, 9 per cent eosinophiles, 6 per cent basophilos, 11 per cent mono cytes, 19 per cent lymphocytes, and 52 per cent neutrophiles. There was a sligh increase in the spleen, which since then has continued to increase gradually. In January 1935 there were 74,000 leucocytes, and'in the summer of 1935, the spleen was enlarged two fingers above the center line and one finger below the navel. She was treated with x-rays,but died in April 1958. 324 POISONOUS GASES IN THE LEATHER INDUSTRY. J.A.S. Morrison. Leather World, 30, 886,7, (1938). Asaonigir:^ydrogen sulfide and hydrogen arsenide nay be formed if waste lime liquors/in contact with acid liquors from the tan yards. Carbon monoxide and methane may be liberated by fermentation of waste vegetable tanning materials. Dangerous concentrations may occur in sumps, pits, sewers, etc. The simplest precaution is to flood with water to replace the foul atmosphere before allowing men to enter. If this is not practical, the men should wear approved masks supplied with oxygen or pure air. 325 HHI0GL03IN CHANGES AND THE BEHAVIOR OF PORPHSEIHE IN URINE AND FECES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANILINE POISONING. C. Seglini. Med. del lavoro, 29, 289-301, (1938) (Italian). Aniline was injected into rabbits, and was found to appear first in the blood end later in liver and nervous system. Porphyrine increases in urine and feces as the poisoning continues. In chronic poisoning the increase is greater be cause the liver changes aro greater. 326 STUDIES ON PHENOTKIAZINE. V. FATE OF PHZNOTHLAZINE IN THE BODY. F. DeEds, C.W. Eddy end J.O. Thomas. J. Phaim. Exp. Therap., 64 , 250-62 (November,1938). VII. THE BACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF URINE AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PH2N0TEIASIUE. J.O. Thomas, F. DeEds and C.U. Eddy. Ibid., 230-97. In the first paper it is demonstrated that tho urino of animals ingesting watcrsolublo phenothiazino contains in addition to the solublo oxidation derivatives, thionol-leuco thionol, somo water-soluble form of phenothiazino, possibly con jugated or in some loose chemical combination. This lattor product is precipi tated from tho urineon strong acidification. Tho effects of phenbthiazine are discussed in earlier papers. No mention is mndo of tho amounts of phenothiazino recovered in the urine. In the second papor the authors show that urine contain ing tho phenothiazino dcrlvatios above named shows strong bactericidal action 064-410 References to Recent Literature - 16 for S. Cell, both in vitro an.l in vivo under the proper conditions of pH con centration. Thionol appears to be the active reagent. 327 TIE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ISOPEOFfL ETHER AND TO A MIXTURE OP ISOPROPYL EThiR AND GASOLINE. V;. Machle, E.'V. Scott and J. Treon. Journal Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, 21, 72-96, (March 1939). Improved methods of production have increased the field of uses of isopropyl ether, especially as a fuel in internal combustion engines. Like most ethers it is on anesthetic, but, because of its toxic and depressant effects, it has not been used as such. Because greater potential exposures to this substance are probable in the future, the present investigation was conducted to gain a moro definite knowledge of its physiological action. Isopropyl ether is a simple aliphatic other v:hich at ordinary temporatures is a colorless liquid, boiling at about 68C. The experiments show that ingestion nf the liquid in small, amounts (7-9 cc. per kilogram body weight) causes rapid intoxication and death. As a vapor it is anesthetic to onimal3 (rabbits and monkeys) at about 3 per cent concentration, lethal at about 6 per cent, and only mildly toxic at 1 per cent. Wo permanent pathological characteristics woro noted on animals that wore exposed to, and survived, a 3 per cent concentration in air. Isopropyl ether is explosive in mixtures of from 1.5 to 2.0 per cent in air and it is unlikely that higher concentrations will be encountered because of this fact. Mixtures of 40 per cent isopropyl ether with gasoline were less toxic than the pure substance. 328 SPECTROANALYSES IN SHE DIAGNOSIS OF SOME INDUSTRIAL POISONINGS. EXPERIMENTS ON THALL0U3 CHLORIDE POISONING. F. Capelli. Med. del lavoro, 29, 321-32, (193S) (Italian). The author writes first about spectroanalysis and then shows that after the injection of 5.6 mg. thallous chloride over a period of 5 days, thallivn can be found in the urine of rabbits by spectroanalytic methods. 329 HEART INJURY FROM NICOTINE. F. Lassing. Med. Welt., 12, 1485-7, (1938) (German). Recently acute poisoning has occurred from the use of nicotine as an insecticide. A case is presented with the following symptoms: weakness, no pulse, fall of temperature, tonic-clonic cramps, sugar in the urine, arrhythmia and bradicardia in the electrocardiogram, lengthening of the transfusion time, disturbance of the conduction of stimuli, and injury to the heart muscle. There was some im provement, but even after ninemonths certain of the symptoms were still notice able. Another case was that of a tobacco cutter who complained of heart pains end bradicardia. In the electrocardiogram there were seen slight fluctuations of the vestibule, and there was slightly augmented bilirubin in the blood. 330 EXPERIMENTAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF VANADIUM POISONING. F. Molfino. Rass. Med. Industr., 9_, 362-73 (October-December, 1938) (Italian). The following are the"author's conclusions based on experiments performed on rabbits: (1) vanadium anhydride is absorbed and eliminated in the urine where it can be demonstrated; (2) venadium anhydride exerts a strong irritant action on the respiratory organs; and (3) except for its irritating action, vanadium anhydride simulates zinc - origin its after effects.. 331 VASCULAR DISEASES AFTER MERCURY POISONING. K. Fellingcr and ?. Schweitzer. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9., 263-75 (1938) (German). The authors present the""cases of 3 men who had worked with mercury and suffered mercury poisoning. Later they showed signs of endarteritis, beginning with claudicatio intern!ttons and followed by gangrono in tho toos or feet. They were cured by vasodilator treatment. .. 0044Ji- References to Recent Literature - 17 # 332 KUSEr FUNCTION AFTER DAMAGE BY HEAVY METALS (MERCURY, KOLLARGOL, Y.TTH A NOTE Oil CLINICAL ASPECTS OF BAIL'S DISEASE). P. v. Monekow. Deutsche Arch. f. klin, Med., 133, 155-70 (1938) (German). The author calls attention to the resemblance in poisoning by mercury, uranium, bismuth and gold insofar ns kidney changes are concerned. The histological and functional changes are described. Blood and urine data are given in the case of a woman with Bang's disoase who wan given 0.04 Kollargol (colloidal silver) intravenously. The clinical course was quite similar to that seen in mercury poisoning. There was an immediate anuria; thereafter the slight amount of urine was pale and of low specific gravity. It contained a good doal of albumin and many cylinders but no blood. In poisoning by heavy metals the kidneys behave characteristically, but quito differently than in other kidney ailments. Thero is on unusually low concentration of urea in the urino at the height of the poisoning, extremely little difference in concentration between blood urea and urine urea, and in spite of a crop in blood chloride, often below the threshold value, the chloride excretion is maintained at a concentration only slightly below that of the blood. 333 DOES MANGANESE CAUSE PNEUMONIA? E. C. Vigliani. Folia Med. 23, 451-8, (1937) (Italian). Pyrolusite (an ore of manganese) is suspected as a cause of pneumonia. There have been, in the past, noticeably high incidences of pneumonia among pyrolusite miners and those who handle tha ores in mills. The rates of pneumonia are high in other similar industries but do not account for the correspondingly higher rates among pyrolusite workers in particular. 334 NASAL CHANGES IN CHROMIUM WORKERS. G. Hancioli. Rass. Med. Indust., 9., 258-71 (1938) (Italian). Injury from chromium in the plating industry is both fron inhalation of fumes and from contact with the solutions. The very best of exhaust systems are re quired, es cases of poisoning were found even in locations where better than averago exhaust systems were in operation. Chromium poisoning is characterized by greenish chrome sores in the nose and septum and the absence of serious dis comfort misleads the patients and makes them careless. During the period of ulceration they ore only conscious of a burning sonsgtion in the nose which causes them to put a finger (usually covered with chromium solution) into the noso, thus bringing the poison in direct contact with the mucous membrane. Prophylaxis includes powerful exhaust systems, use of boric vaseline or salicy lic ointment on or in the nose, the uso of respirators end rubber gloves. 335 EXPERIMSITAL INVESTIGATION ON OCCUPATIONAL CHROMIUM POISONING IN THE ELECTROCHROMIUM PLATING INDUSTRY. St. Galloro. Folia med., 24, 1256-65 (1936) (Italian) The author reviews the literature and then reports on experiments with guinea pigs that were kept over a chrome bath from one-half to three hours daily up to 45 days. Changos of the mucosa and submucosa of the respiratory tract were ob served and examined histologically, as well as changes in the spleen and kidneys 336 FACTORS IN CARCINOGENESIS. R.D. Passey. J. Roy. Inst. Publ. Health & Hyg. Z, 16-63, (January, 1939) (British). This article deals with chemical and physical carcinogenitic agents, viruses, parasites, and genetic factors. Lengthy bibliographies are given. In a short section various types of industrial cancer are enumerated. A question is asked whether there is any osteogenic sarcoma among the Schneeburg miners, whore the lung cancer is thought to be caused by radioactivo substances. The exact cause of bladder cancer among dyu workers has as yet not boon dotemir.cd, and extensivo experiments with these materials have failed to find the compound or com- 00441 2-