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KARST INFLUENCE IN THE CREATION OF A PFC MEGAPLUME VMiinrngeisnoitaaDYeipnargtlmienngt of Health, 625 Robert Src . St. Paul, MN. 55155, USA, virginia yingling@sate nn us Abstract cPehrefmliucoarlosuhsneidcatlosp(rPoFduCc)ereafwuildley ruaonigenaotfedinccrugsainacl aanndd mcoombmielrciianlthperoednuvcitrso.nmTehnetiranedxinreeamrsly puebrisqiusitteonucse pcroensceenmces irnegahrudmianngs thaenidr wenivlidroenmehnatsalraiasnedd sheurimoauns wceareldliess.poIonfihsneteh1rd9e4e0u3nl0in1e9d70as,nPdFCs-bienarWiansghiwnagstleosn Comny, Mimnesot. The resuling co-mingled PFC p2l5u0mKeisncroefatgerdouand"wmaetgearplaunmde"foutrhamtajcoorntdarmiinnkaitnegdwaotveerr aaqnudifetrsh:ouascantdisn ofcigphrtivmateuwnellis.wcatSieitrepsuaipnplsltyigsaytsitoenmss rdeuveaClheidenthaGtroKuarpt (fOeaPtDuCr)es,, pnardticuglraorlwyndiwnattehre-sPurraiiciec mwiagtreartiionnt.eractions played a critical fle in conminant Introduction PoregrafnliucorcohcehmeimciaclaslsthPaEtChsa)veabreeeacnhussseodftoflpl-rflouodraiunwaciideeed range of industrial and commercial products, Their neexarrelymeupbiequritosusipsraetnsdeemncnbe ciinethuimntahneseannvdirwoinlmdleinfte ahnads isd serious concems regarding thei environmental aal.nd2h0e0a3;lthAeTfSfDeRt.s (2G00i9e)y. aAnsdaKeansnlan,in2020020:6,OtbheenE,PoAf. amounced it would sek the phasing out of production and mostusesof two PECs, prflvoro-octane sulfonate (PFOS) and peluarooctanare acid (PFOA). SM Corporation (3M) researched and produced PthFeCs1i9n4C0ostt1a0ge1G97r0osv,e, PMFCN-bseianrceintghew1a9s4i0se.s Fwreorme disposed ofa the 3M Cotiage Grove facility and in t(hArTeeSDuRn,li2n0e0d8)l.anAdlflilolsftihnesWeassihtiensgwieorne Cionuvnetsyti,gaMteNd for industrial solvent contamination in the 1980s aopnedraihiangd. acItnive200g3r.ou3ndMwatneotrifieexdtratchteionMinsnyesstoetmas Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) that PFCs had been detceied in the drinking and production water at the Cottage Grove plant. "The MPCA and Mimesoa DepartmenofHeall (DH) bfoergaPnFCesstiinng 2W0a0s3h.inTghtiosnwCoorukntcyvenpuuballilcynddelpriicvaatteewtehlrlese 2ma5j0orknc?o-omfinggrloeudndPwFaCterplinufsourthmaajcoornadmriinnkaiingd-voavteerr aaqnudiftehrosusaafnfdecstoifnpgrciivgahttewmeulnisc(iYpianvglaiinegr. suaplpl2y0s1y)s.icms nliimiatled,grdoiusncdreweatterPFfClowplmuomdeeslin(gBurprredEincgtiednermionr,e g20r0o5)u.nd1wwaatseralsdiovideatshstubmiesdectthsattha cnoourntthy-swouotuhldtraegnedilnyg HliomwietvePrF,C fcurolnhaemriinnavteisotnigattoiontherevweeasletd.ofgrtohuenddwiavtideer sfueraftaucrees wiantaerkeiyntbreadcrioocnksaqaunidferthcereiantfelduewnncaenioifpakatresdt patiwaysfo contaminant migration. CHoyudnrtoygeology of Southern Washington eSdoguetoifetmheWTawsihniCnigtiiaens CBaosuinntayndiissluoncdaetreldaoinnbhyehecalsoiweemr Palooiesedimentary seqtypiucaloefthneHolclandeale gElmacbiaalymderinft, acnodvearleldovbiyom3 (--Fig3u0rem1)o.f Ruenaccotnisvoaltiiodnateodf Proterozoic fulssometime aftr the MiddleOrdovician rbleoscukfeadultinswliatrghe-vsecratliec,alodrihseplaasc-esmoenwtiwoefsutp ttore4n5dinmg andsssociated subperpenadndiscubupalraallrljoining (Figure 2: Mosler and Bloomgren. 1990; Mossler and Tipping. 2009. Four major aquifers provide the majority of drinking wSia.tePretfeorr Scaonmdsmtuonniety(OaSnTdP),priPvraatieriewellas CihnietnheGraorucp (OPDC), Jordan Sandstone (CJDN), and Tun City sGerpoaurpate(dCTbCyG;lowfeorrmeprelnymeatbhieltFyranlcaoyneiras).orAl"tlheoakusg"h abqeutiween (thae iCnItDheNcaasned oCfhTCeG),Si. bLedarworckiefau(lCsSTanLd vtheemsiecalayejrosi,ntpsarilcuelarlcyomipnrtohmeisseoduhtehem aindmciaseronf mst portions of the coun. Thi, in pan, ccounis for hydraulic communication betwee the quer. Jam sworeconrtence_cxaseoss 319 Exhibit 3592 392.0001 compara roves | STATE 02972045 QOvntceonrarhytDeep0o.r5tm. 30m. 2T5hihepo"hringhomfotmheisOsPiDiCy issoseo"met(i1m2es),re5feremductho Wiettevil&e Gleavecd Formations: 4 m. 1. eterSandton: 045m. (ann) =[EST=ED ot SeCHen ro007, te | Great. owe membersquad)"| FLeiBLed tmsommeosn Grd Sowers maton Vemrd)| Tenet ou 150m. (acu figure 1. Generalied stofigraphic column or Stofipstihheroegrrno.oundRdwuantkeierlfnltowsl.vwpi2t0hle0in70)t3hepoaOrmPtieDddCe booTcnrcsursostoamalet odolmueisiacnlwealglsedntehdediingyplofaLneakFeacEltmso ftnhatht iOPrDcC 1W0h1e0skri(d19o9 roipiOPeDCapein asseo.mlbwerveMceess owp cToopiwnigeotnal.Mi(n2n0s06o)tsepofoiveedrtbeaslhews wopbwseerrvdatFioornms tFhoenCuIsiDoNnatnodwdaorwndwsaHrTdZf,lowwilfhroomuthne dupp(elroSwhaiklopleee aaquwi at Ftarbor,on. wUpawsarTd ToGw ToSmothrIeON mWaosnhoirnigtnognwCeolulsnyai(oWeesoofn StohlutPioEnCs, dIinsg.po0s0al7)s.s in aTsiiofpestaolpo20n0ie6)rrnepogrFtchinucrassewdhepreeiuerShsackonpede Fomatonis buriedess than60 mers late 0 tose in WAreesnxtetiwpnogrkhodopofwCndosuptnoltyyth,eiMCiiIsssNeooattnooposvballlyeys,enwhlie ne`monomlrseagdeydepmlytbuurreisTea(dacreesad,sn.eItpcia)snaewlsoaeoxrpebgecustbedgsdtthatyasnodlutmaiaornneCcToL imn sommebupeletnsw,eipnrocvpideanratqteusiimsiocSonTf FpOiPDlCe, bouidontaalyt(heRruonskeielnl.w2e00s, of he row brid CIDR. The valleys were once buts to. Uh oMissuissiippi,River, wSh.iCchrobounRdivstehr,ecwouinhtybotheosnosw1h0atnhd NPeFrCyPl2.u00m0epDubelli.inepartviio.n and. mniring wel cosisTfoorsveothvWrasrdetihngCfooorwnsrounddvarteer dacnorr. sinveso2u0t0,h WparsoviinnggondCeoawds saitvse! baeedn tseammppolreed S(oFhiggr2uounKdwwateerkendtClar,u1g990s, es ts coun dofelnetPiEnCsodftteeePdFCis pphearmlsa.crTohbeuamooisct awiidd,esPpFreBaAd Karst fats, partial in the OPDC, futher (foFifsgscx2.tePeFyBAoiwcsnwoaftlhee maosrtpmieobinlecPEcCs odus aclalnsdeorgrotaml d(v2a01t3e)r o1pd.r hceonOanmcionranFormomvaemnentth,e evxaesed(sKAs<a0l01.modTehleinxgipnredoifcttiohnsPFofBAthpeapnasnefasx lodwuenrgmtehmbe3rtoofSthmeilOlFoDnC,yowuedreenptoskritiWfcaasiosn (BaeroEunngidnveaereitngd,it2e0,09T,hiscowadsinigsroabseproendainotse FLotrmaptrieocnedKeadridfecpoasiiotinoonfiofbethSeakoovepreleyikngoSotcackuorpeeds _ dsriution other PECs (TSDR, 2008 ulroinvgia n15gmiOllSoTn?y(eVuohlieat,us2p0r0i8or. 10Asdeposeitilon ooff WRhoillleo maolsyt opfeathl cPEoCnscmeaprpnedangdesr- yigphpase0 oVloulncheadrceontdiuotns aevsentl, naldopresrwpeedircuof0wibtedldiin.g -sFoOeSoinstewOdudkeo-Lcikse wEillhofaemssdocdsowowngFruairosn ToefaheheOPcDCoanotpfiepeoSpertoavakideersmnusdhOorfeohes hmemdbelrs 3W.ashLionwtocnoCnocueryrnLsanfdiPmFoOnSitoarrieng.dewreeldaidn Ttee aColdousetiy or 145 bse ene wpe 4P3E1O)S plsaosrtddsiss dobevloew rR,ecHsowvese,s (r0e0s3 I ccnmeonns msm comme 3592.0002 STATE02072448 wo oo:k > he RQht \{ GENIE (Xl IR F - NEsRI Joe 2 l Jl SPREE Eo vag A osS REIENRMA KAS Bret : 4 % i Lr e: rg dPar h JEI Le TX JE AS 7 lP i ao i Ri EEIl:Sh CEEER er = I aii Figure 2. Bedrock and hydrologic features SaonudtehxetrenWtaosfhiPnFgBtAocnoCnotunatmyi.nAarteiaiosnnwithout shadingindicateno PFC S0MmPies OYE DREN pSoouitsh"aonfd scoluetahrweedstPiR.OSdcoowncnengtrraatidoniosfn(dh-e)2 sgiel,)otin oprfitvhaetsewe"lhlost wseorte"dehansieadd.istAinkcot,iveth"eFipnlguemreinsg"opuaitsetm (sFiimapwlresc3o.manTiinsantsugagnesstpeodrtabry roebgeironf]acgtorrosunbedsviadters flow wer at work. GRervoieuwnodfwtahte egrro-uSnudwraitearcseamWpalitnegrdaItantreesrcaacltediotnhsn all PFOS detections in Lake Emo private wells were lionceartemdiesno:usaencdamwesetmeorfRgaelseifgohmCraocsk iFsiguorfewe3t)laTnhdiss nar he 3M-Oskdae Disposal Sie, where high lvls oaftcPaFbOSle(s4i50e0.0 SiunLp)lihnavoef RbaeleeinghdeCtrecctkedinin20t0h6e decid concentaofiPoROnSs, PFOA, wd PFBA wp 10"B8otusnpoer"airn tLahkediEspmosoal(sTieSDanRd.up200053).iTLhecsaurrfatchee wdaeterredconicnenhtreatnieoanrsbycorprrevlaateedwecllolsselcyomtpolPiFeCd ilnevtehles OSa TOPPDC upto 55 miclow growd sufice. seven 1955 and 1995, groundwater extracted from thseoWnaoshirnogtnocnmCoounntvyasLaaiadn spar1dt0o2ftfvhetini ydustsl roimael oCviecre.k pTpuriovsiemwaecrlyul2ikmnalmyordisocfhaErgxees tPooiRnalLeaikgeh (3F5igkuereP4F)OMADwHreedsiscturmieosdrmeoathtahnte4ce5r0eckskgdPurFiBnAgatnhids inc (ATSDR, 2006) r-o10cu proionut eLiaketieasn,d LwahkoereEgmroounardevacchrssrifeecdgaes and discharge occur in differen parts of the lakes (Washinglon County, 2014). Groundwater discharges (0 Eaglo e Poinm t Lake vfevromethesnoorth and wreocharsgeis nbaeck Gouna sso diciures to Like Fino fom the or an rechges back to the groundvaer ear the costandsoueas shorn oHviesrofrlcowaeld,tdurring soflrooeduosfawgee,tlahEnadgsleto PLoaikne ELlaok,e on the cast side of the groundwater divide. To control flooding ofLake Elmoa,pipeline was construcied from Eagle Point Lake to Horseshoe Lake. Lpaekce, yanedr LgaekeceElmnot.heAssawtietsh wRaelreigohf ECxrgeleek,Potihne glarkoeunwdavtaeerrPsFaCmplceosnfcreormatnoensycOorPcDhCiewdelcllsos(eFliygur0e w3,ellTsabdleown1)g. raPdFiCnsth(avceaaslsotb-esnoodfueHtteocrhtseeedsahinoseOPLaDkCs (ascampolesnGcW-teasnainmditlSaWrr-f)oa. otssidetocetned in Laks Emo "The PECdaa lutte the ivesgroundwater wsaptieerdefruartthieorntshawnhimcohdehleipngexpprleadiinc,teidn.paFrto,rheoxwamPpElCes PFCs discharge from the groundwater 3 te Onkdale fDilsopwosstaolwaSridethietcoitRyaolfeLiaghkeCrEomcok., Ti hrens,itaisonthsefcrroemcak gaining 10: losin scam ustcast of 1694), cinasg lcion-enairnsgoleicnegowfilPhFtChserPecFhCarggrionugnodwtahteergrpouhndewastoeurracnedd fom the Washingion County Landfill (Figure 4). At 1EoagtlheosPeoidnitsLcahkrei,nPgE1CtfherohmikRealferiognh tChreogcrkoaurnedwaadtedre,d rForuonmdwEaatgelre,PosilniLnikge,insohmee ParFeCasorfecchaorgme a10ntdhe wes south and souhvest of he lk, However, ome emsmonos comemmct ccaimoons 321 3592.0003 STATE 02072447 %| Co A, <i { Fe E3R oo & al Ai p% eEs T Pea 4dEERE CO i Lpt otehig gE 7 Eo ith i LE fein E % anf : od Ay fase LB [ pL Key 3 et Mos owt EFOSOO. ots 0s 1000 pros core coriaot AN E Ly efrossasrom IPcroossamvackechrs s)a 3CR ry cri rSeFsOrS0s1e5. n07e30p rere mmStwaatecfatee. 3 ieed Hhw4y C iSEgruerc3eio eAdnroSourfn TtGoOensSswdrelresa: oArbgeaiosufawPlfhOoioSrulsnoNoWoisnsnGegetmakleas-rhLeoeksneoiEFmaEoC.asrcemosr.sDPaltveacensehsBoocwonmncsoeaontteactiieosrs a ren rTaablcee1. oCorloeca(f9edSGororuensdw(atmeri(.GWS)aampnlde. hgnaartessni tihe tvordesofntaehkce.s dTehaer PEChes locations shown on Figure 3 Th romietanrd souo lake. Similarly, PFCs discharge from Horseshoe Lake to [[ownf[sh 5 o iw s] ] The Role of Karst in PFC Migration B[ J o o vJe Joroo J] or] GSmraiorrchmvoeernmimoevnvaderonriyndrbacciueotnimnsopoornoeirecoacmFohor Bef eB Cie intonCommy Lath ams i am I f or o r--f r] -- Br r mi or eimescreruosme orsmra(irsmiocSnosy = oTfoioe EwasetPo5Lhike swoatr (aodfPEC)Wlremnteom0 1s0cHaorreamno LLikee. EnLawkhlEinoe,mPECspireodmreElxye Poin Like combine i PFDA ischsing wih the himedemm eee Poin LakeandLake Elmo is unexpected,given the location hTiheespsarre10 CoPnEcCigaehrise eogcrvallgs, ilobg.isbwlanlhoefQiuhik1 dHepZoswi iAsnpohedOhcP,C 322 NCKHSIMPOHUMS 14THSINKHOLECONFERENCE 3592.0004 Stare ozon2u4n ioa :: eE Si fT RH: TTaL oEr l3EEela]3 ch Ereneeg) lh ir Ue SG ie Ci iad iw. V Fea Se g aamly I LhNEE ey TREN i= SR I hI CE wo aH PTW EAER iTsM ivr ia DN Yds! Sa gE PEEI nd 3iExgie\a' MeeTSxE fo NiGun: had 05 k| |KMeyoros IE okors zine 5s 5 a Wroonsnaman FOwoRnaoGr aO0tieTstt 4 f ] Jove ball m2p sarinttsoutorurss ----Susaecrewnataemeaekre. ae i] a ihH e oNHn SFihgouwren4s. A@nCoommaplloeutsioPnFoOfAPdFiOstArirbeutsiuosn lfloursiratGeasufceorms,piWehxePrEeCofkreasnsaproertsphaadiehda,ysG.olDoatinadicates b`eceonncenctorlaitcironesddetected insurface water. Ares without shading indicate no PFC samples have ihheerdsentshietyShaankdopsespFeorrmatofiosnoisuobunr-iendlnegsedtnea60rms, tpoacelosc,altlyh hdeiaspdliacfertnhcegsraros awpepraredlivirdeetfrcomrn15 nconeduritss. McrsaatpingpofiHwighnhegrflhowe.HIvTeZloscuibyropgsrobulndowwatterheaessduimveiddeloscatthoeny,mailgorwatiengthtreougPhFChse(H0TaZppaenadr r0sctrheon Qcoumastamtaiornytcoehpeoiartca(sOleenr,s2h0e09PPiCepldu necarrocpsrithse Iflrows.pAornisdestpolauitnimtahyhbesreegisounsngrosunsdepr srowdvater divide Figure 9) ifnrokmarstt,hwghircdhiecnan(aTlilpowinf,or pleorswondalisccomomnucthaeiodni).r AwSelolbtsheerivgeihdnhayqudifreirtcesctosnduacntdivfiltioewsmmeetesrsinegdininatshae mThiigsratmiaoyn oafloPFaCcscou(nltaotrethto aepplaroennt "swrpogmrnavdiaetne"r aHcTaZd crsa signtifeicfarnotmpboottehoionverceeanad iufderrrysisnsg fliown)esdleonlgysoonnsbroafnchheesWofashheingbteodnrocCkovaullney,Lsansdrsl oairsewohrerfeacttuhreye.saTe hIsnuedpllesoconmceocniopdebayrsa a(rFsiriss03.leAsutgouretgi,onalPrCoSunadrvdatirceTdowfniwnedlil S10caolcecyur sllons eGbomesoticoknsvbaleleeyse.nwhtihechQpUroIviTdeaabosvse 600m orthoftsbdo aly, ain gbreliow otfhePOFncCotatoFormtaetioOnF.DTChisvaiallothwesfHoTrZ.piIdn Tphhaemesso(utFhivressr3s4n,i4ngndf)inmgaeyrilke bo easndfb atthieoePnFC maocowtrnce cmos 323 3592.0005 STATE 02072449 nKaersrt eineflduenrcoeuognhsloyn2a40midasnst.rTnhsi,i cTohnese"nTntgewrsi"h Tincament orien spor by Messer a Toping t(n2ee0a0s4p)ir.novIstiodseteeopmnrs-erneelannsiognaeab,plesituo bsaupsfpasoerctPjtoFhiCanttmhisigtgrshaetirionnf.tlhoi|ws STChoueumnmPaRClrsyiamtesitahieonpsoiinn t sofourbohirghlyWaschoimnpglteoxn caonrtalminyant fmoirgraitigonh ppaetrshivsn:inchKeamircaol.quWihisl,e rroouuninvdateerr smaomdpellien.g pbroovridoend unnidearstdanidricnigoanf hfoer +reqeuxicreeeddsedamMeinnaesredmrionkhisngPFwCast,er sundads and TCDhoiiosspecrlpauatbiilvimeceatArironsewnase sNuuppmoerrte,d TbSyI.-Lt4h0e5,GraTntator by the Centers for Discse Control and Prvenion a(uCtDhCo)r. aItnscddoonottaerneencseostlseasrliylythererpersepsoennstibitlhietyoofffitcihael vHiuemwasnoSfevthieesC,DC or the Deparment ofHealth and ARleefaendreernCcEe,s Runkel AC, Typing RG, Gesn JA. ueSnrdametrilioyinnssg,beeadnnrddotchkefinideatrureos, gnrouaannnddodrwenaiootnreern-asutrifoincooeffwaaIrtse,rst,2F0U13MT.EaSDweie.pSDetoivcmategoorrliDaggiion,sonSosf ispninskhhoolert3co,lslcMapioose:nrne,s pafleluatmtue,rse,s,ssTwmhaainssyeraiotdfictahlseidtgorniianfckicicenaragnnwea}itmeprlicwaetVliiocnuostsagafocrdpnutblhiec t'MuNelCiKEdnRigIsicnSiepyelmripinonagrsyinuCdmonE2fPenrorcereneodcoinenlgSsionfIkthmhopleaesc13tatnohd PFC "hot spots" hat were not predict by modeling Ket 2005. Consbad. NA, p 288291 n croli] FEE. = gSi fa EL i dont:1i o5 nesEa SEE) oY8 | iz ah ; yeh * %Ch Laeindd gl B"Nd X 4 5RN L pa e em i r osn oe IERs Zan ih fl GRFiargtoucurhneidn5wg.)aCtocerorreedlliaotctieeo,sn oTwfihteahrwePhaEisCthwmhGiegrrroaewtshiiongnchaictcrraaornssesmiiashrseeivagistryonzueonrndsewa(HtHeZTZr)scsiuodbceor.opNssothaeonndhaiPtnFPCysEeCclrlooosnrse GPeFtOeActraedsuosrfdoanatliccapnuttedri.tance "epgradent" of he buted valey. Datia 0 complation of 328 comonns msn comet 3592.0006 STATE 02072450 ATSDRP.ru2o0r0o.chPuebnliicalHeClninaAnisnasiotnn Lak Ea nd Ose, Washington Cou isso. Prepared by the Mimesoia Dept. ofHealth usr rativaegreementwith the U.S. Department OA riande man Seo r2ie, ATSDRn .Ang 30, 2008. [Cited 2015 Mar 2]. 173 p. Available online: ATSDRr. 2o09rbr.at TVoixsol20g0i.atCiPreofl0e1a4 Mc 9). 404 p. Available online: www.atsdr.gcodvc toxprofiles 200.pdf. rca inh Enironmen. Enron Sei Technol. 147-152. Barr EMSnoigdeienWleieenrgis,ngtU.in20np05b.CoiuFhnotrdymepLroaOrnakddpiarelGpearrDeiosdpurosnaeld KanivMeitknyeRrs,CPlleainJndM.C1o9r2.lFAygdenrcgye.olNoogvy 2005 `SGweoalnoogincLA, Mely-eWrasaGh,idnisgoorn).CouCnotuyn,tyMAissso. Sruerse,,AUlnsiv:e,rsPofce5s. Mtin.eso1t.a GPaeuoll,oMgiNsl MossGkJeroJSlHo,gSBicloAoamrsenBWAi.sha i1n9g90o,n CBeodruonckMGeeosloogsy.in: SSioeev,e,AUlnaisveCr5s, PoflMsi2.mMesitss.o1. PGaelo,loMgNi.c Moser Jii,vTaipnpinage2io2m0e0%a Glyiin ppoa rt of `County. Informal mapsandgrids submited as odHeelaitvmhe,rabncleessoartcoanhtPreaocMltlibamenotsCweoannDrheleUpAnaigrveemrnesinotnftyd i Watingonm County egos of Public Rea MosViieInres20.08MiRaInGSe:soPslGoersslcgiNnoSmueeyl,aRterpoosrct Ona.flm2e0s08tgaUtonnspSut PbaGul,SAiNa.ysershofeigdh mionepmoirisosnwsiof sosuotnhee(r1n1W2a)ssicnrgaopnpiCnoguncta,tions DeMpiimersmtean.toPfeHepalrteh,bdySt.BrPuace.OMeN, Mimsota OlinLGWu.nCdhJeKr. T2,00M.IKPErJT,orBsuroscaJe.uHalnseen K1J,d aRoldrrcore oatcuhleotd ndoneors,seEanmoofnAHmeerlia Pepect. 11 192-1901 RaMoAsCin,eTr iik,ngAlsReGxa,ndAelrsSaC.nd20r0%E.C.HJyGdrrogeeoelnog,y ofthe Porat beduck in soubasen. Nima Wises Gesogis Survey Report Runkoef AICn:vesMtigoatisones. 6T1i. spin RG. 207 Ths LpSyadekreasEralvmogotrdaoppwhnhococlethlaoegrgtinneg aproiojteocoatnf:rfarioend og ton Tipping RG, Runkel AC, Alexander EC, Alexander ireenJA. X Evidencefor hydraulic ce USA. Sedimentary Geology. 184: 303-330. WashiPSnigaetohcn.CHoePudnrtiyon.u:2t0E1b4ny.vWGiorsorhuoindnnwgaoftnoreCroh.ePlaWDni:ts.2h0i1on4fgon `CNo.oBiodartSoefptCemobmemri2s.i2o0n1.4 Site, MN. WesoiSnMSeVooBaanr,idsnWDkai.lslp2o0R0s7ae.lcHSoin,ySWdootdbeEurvya:sFioNomN.enr Prepared Weston Solutions In. Ws Chis, WIGCPSAiefBkoI.ra31rM9s9C,bomaGprsaonuynn.dswSaetpote.rs2c00i7M.nicinshe.uPsanec BTesi papa er submit to he Geoldogyaanid s TPeontpcanCot Water Inercians Helped Ceea Megaplime (abs). National GroundwtatereAssocaiatio"na20e14 =com Amable ashame rp sworecompet exasmvonses 326 3592.0007 STATE 2072451 326 scanemecnsns law sol comeronce 3592.0008 STATE 02072452