Document x1JvmXaqpBnqwmrEXO30yqKZJ

FILE NAME: Owens Illinois Library (OWL) DATE: 1950 DOC#: OWL028 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine - Relevant Abstracts A R C H I V E S OF * i Industrial and Occupational Medicine EDITORIAL BOARD PHILIP DRINKER, Chief Editor 55 Shftttuck Street, Boston 15 THEODORE F. HATCH, Pittsburgh FEXN E. POOLE, Glendale. Calif. ROBERT A. KEHOE, Cincinnati FRANK PRIXCI, Denver FRANK A. PATTY, Detroit WILLIAM A. SAWYER, Rochester, X. Y. JAMES H. STERNER, Rochester, N. Y. RICHARD J. PLUNKETT, M.D., Chicago, Managing Editor Volume 2 1950 PUBLISHERS AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION CHICAGO 10, ILL. N 12 Oxygen--Continued deficiency: carbon monoxide anoxia: intravenous administration of procaine hydrochloride In treatment of acute and chronic effects, 110 Ozone toxicity of, 612 Paint Industry occupational jaundice and anaemia, 472 Paper Industry Investigation of inquiry on health problems in shift-works in Norwegian paper Industry, 465 Patch Test Its technic and interpretation, *565 Pathology BAL in industrial, 232 Patt, H. M. Distribution and fate of cadmium in animal body, *175 P-Chloronitrobenzene: See Xitro Compounds Perfume Industry occupational jaundice and anaemia, 472 Fetrolatum liquid: skin cancer in engineering industry from use of mineral oil, 105 Pharmacology: See also Drugs Phenols local and systemic effects following application of dilute solutions of phenol in water and in cam phor-liquid petrolatum on skin of animals, *454 Philippine Islands problems of industrial hygiene in, 353 Phosgene: See Gas, poisoning Phosphatase observations on effects of beryllium on alkaline phosphatase, 466 Physical Examinations preventive and periodic medical examination as part of industrial Insurance, 238 rhysiclans industrial medicine today, 464 private practitioner and industrial medicine, 464 Pituitary Preparations effect of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) on beryllium granulomatosis: preliminary report, 475 P lasm a: See Blood riutonium deposition and fate of plutonium, uranium and their fission products inhaled as aerosols by rats and man, 118 Pneumatic Tool Workers compressed a ir tools as cause of sprlngflnger, 481 Pneumoconiosis anthracosliico8is in bituminous coal miners: clini cal and pathological manifestations, *284 asbestosis problem In Slovakia, 610 bronchodynamic aerosols in study of respiratory function in patients with silicosis, 106 cardiovascular complications of silicosis: medical aspects of pneumoconiosis, 229 compensation for lung changes due to Inhalation of silica dust, *56 due to graphite dust, 605 dust study of building brick industry in Indiana, 735 effect of aluminum on silicosis-producing action of inhaled quartz, 357 examination of silicotlcs with special reference to oxygen debt, 610 heart in pneumoconiosis of coalminers, 358 and lung cancer: with special reference to silico sis and asbestosis, 104 pathogenesis of slUcpsis (ulterior! osservazlonl ad una rielaboraziont Americana della ipotesi piezoelettrtca di Velicogna sulla patogenesl della sllicosi), 755 pathological and physiological factors Involved In treatment of silicosis in coal miners, *365 Pneumoconiosis--'Continued prevention of silicosis in sandblasters, 479 research on silicosis. 467 slderosls: benign pneumoconiosis due to Inhala tion of iron dust: clinical, roentgenological end industrial hygiene study of foundry cleaning room employees, 356 slderosls: benign pneumoconiosis duo to inhalation of iron d u st: experimental study of pulmonary reaction following inhalation of dust generated by foundry cleaning room operations. 603 silicosis in miners in Roglce-Oslavany coal basin (Moravia). 609 silicosis-producing quality of mineral silicates as related to solubility of silica, 229 in steel and iron cleaners, 107 studies in clinical evaluation of disability la anthracosiUcosis, 109 studies on plasma components in silicosis, 468 study of excitability of respiratory ami sympa thetic vasopulnionary centers in sllicoiics. 605 on Western Australian goldfields, 357 Pneumonia acute toxicity of inhaled beryllium: observations correlating toxicity with physicochemical proper ties of beryllium oxide dust; *25 Pneumonitis: See Pneumonia Poisons and Poisoning: See also under names of substances, as: Benzene: Beryllium: Cadmium; Carbon Monoxide; Kthanc Derivative-: 6 u ; Lead: etc. sonic requisites to making LIiVs from different laboratories comparable. *2so Polyneuritis: Sec Neuritis, multipb' Polytbiolactic Acids: See Lead, toxicity Poxtel. S. Iistfibll!hll him! f a te o f cad liiim n hi 175 hotly. Pottery I imI u sU v lead poi>niiitig in. "7 pottery worker- tlo-.ihh .! lation-. I 2 7 -..*! regu Potts. A. M Distribution and fat* "I .ijmu-:. i* 175 body, l'ozzatil. C. S. Comparative acute ami allctbrlu and pyretbrin-. *12" iilrs of Price. L. Vnhm plans. *256 Printing industry anatomic substrate of lead ein**|>hab|Mth\. 109 and hazards of lend |mlM>olug. c,o- use of radloaetlre static eliminator- hi printing plant, 482 Procaine and Procaine Compounds: Sec Carbon Monoxide Public Health fellowships. 749 Industrial health In undergraduate medical cur riculum. *123 Pyradine and Pyradlne Compounds cydohexamine, p-chloronltrobenzene. 2-aminopyridine: toxic effects In industrial use, 612 Psychosomatic Aspects of miners* nystagmus, 600 Pyrethrum comparative acute and subacute toxidtics of allethrin and pyrelbrins, *420 Pyrlbenz&mine: See Respiratory Tract, diseases Q Fever: See Rickettsial Diseases Quartz content in soap producing silicosis, 467 effect of aluminum on silicosis-producing action of inhaled quartz, 357 fate of siliceous dusts in body: comparison of the in vivo solubilities of cement, carborundum, quartz, and molding sand, 106 Radiations: See also Roentgen Rays acute radiation syndrome in man, 7 health hazards in radiation work ionizing radiation' materials as air low activity hoods. UK practical aspects of medical super' radiation hazards of radiotherapeu radiobiological activity of various lions. 765 tentative dose units for mixed rau threshold limit values : adopted American Conference of Oovernn Hygienists in Chicago in April, value of blood counts In Individ Ionizing radiation. 119 Radioactivity: See also Atomic Ener calculations for maximum permhthermal neutrons, 246 handling radioactive wastes in at gram, United States Atomic Ki 240 improved film badge method fomtnation of personnel exposur Introductory manual on control from radioactive materials, 23v Ionizing radiation materials as a medical aspects of protection fr< lions. 241 personnel protection in use of r 239 precautions for workers using r 241 pulmonary cancer produced by tions, 483 radiation hazards of radiothci safety criteria in radioactive w. use of radioactive static elln. plant: 482 Railroad Workers railroad retirement board dlsal studies on hearing loss of rai ees in Finland, 112 Rayon Industry toxicological studies of compo use as inhibitors of biologic of ethylene chlorohydrln, Rays: See Roentgen Raya Refining Industry -, arsine poisoning in smelting try, *148 Rehabilitation handicapped workers, *542 management of heart disea 415 ^ notes on work placement of conditions following accid Research miotature work situations : special reference to study 63 Resins toxicological studies of for use as inhibitors <> toxicity of ethylene chi Respiratory Tract acceleration of carbon r man by high pressure <- diseases: See also Pneun diseases: of alsbaster \u 607 diseases : allergic effects tton, *329 diseases: chronic exposin acute Infectious respira diseases : effect of inter breathing on respirator diseases : pulmonary m Intoxication: review w diseases : tripelennamln* ment of common cold. 104 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE is again directed to the regulations which require stone-dusting to be carried out. It is not always recognized how quickly a potentially dangerous layer of coal dust can accumulate. During the year 111 persons were killed and 597 injured in accidents owing to underground haulage and transport, while in accidents on the surface 34 were killed and 255 seriously injured. Of the accidents on the surface, 4 of the fatalities and 52 of the others were incurred by youths of less than 18 years of age. "Beat knee" has occurred with increased frequency in recent years, probably owing to the increased use of conveyors in thinner seams--the ideal knee pad has yet to be designed. Certified cases of pneumonoconiosis in the South Wales coal field (which includes the anthracite area) numbered 3,800, compared with a peak number of 5,821 in 1945. In the other coal fields the number of cases is growing, and reached 950 in 1947. Much energy is being expended on the dust problem. Appendixes give much statistical information about employment, output, extent of mechanization, accidents and their causes and industrial diseases. The total number of persons employed at the mines was nearly 729,000. These worked an aggregate of 179.7 million man-shifts, and raised 191 to 199 million tons of mineral. Altogether 618 persons were killed and 2,446 seriously injured. Comparative figures for these quantities are given for each year back to 1947. T homas Bedford, London, England. W hen and H ow P atients with A rterial H ypertension Can W ork. F. Chiovino, Med. depor. y trab. 14:2858 (Oct.) 1949. W ork P lacement. J an Roubal, Pracovni lek. 1:95, 1949. Correct placement of workmen based on medical examination is discussed. There are two main sides to the problem: (1) how to evaluate the ability of the workman and (2) how to evaluate the work and the tyorking surroundings from the point of view of burdening the man. Both these questions are discussed from a broad angle. Different classifications of the working ability of men are compared, as well as classifications of types of work and working surroundings. The mutual relationship of both types of classifications is stressed. The problem of the placement of the partly disabled is discussed, and a classification of their ability to work is given. Finally the responsibilities of the physician, of the engineer, of the social worker and of the management regarding proper place ment are considered. F rom th e A uthor's Summary. Occupational Diseases and Hazards P neumoconiosis and L ung Cancer: W it h Special R eference to Silicosis and A sbestosis. L. W. Smith, Compens. Med. 2:3 (Nov.) 1949. Pneumonoconiosis is discussed with particular reference to silicosis and asbestosis and the subsequent association of pulmonary cancer. An attempt has been made to analyze critically the statistical data which has been presented in the literature over the last quarter of a century, both pro and con, respecting the etiologic relationship of these two conditions. The inadequacy of the evidence incriminating silicosis as an etiologic agent in the development of cancer of the lung is pointed out, and it is emphasized that such data should be reviewed by the court in considering ABSTRACTS FROM CURRENT LITERATURE 105 compensation on the basis of insignificant statistical data, with respect to control information, viz., the incidence of carcinoma of the lung in the community in which the patient lives and in the occupational group as a whole, corrected for age and sex. Otherwise, such evidence will be found wanting and inevitably in favor of the claimant. It is recognized that such claims will increase because carcinoma of the lung throughout the world is increasing. D ermatoses D ue to K ambala W oods--U lcerations Due to Chromium Com pounds. A. L angelez, PACT 4:26 (Feb.) 1950. Ulcers of the hands and feet and perforation of the nasal mucosa may occur among workers in plants handling chromium compounds (chrome steel, chromates, bichromates, etc). Prevention consists in the use of barrier creams where possible and where they cannot be used in thorough washing with water and the appli cation of a solution which is 25 per cent hydrochloric acid, 25 per cent alcohol and 50 per cent water, or, alternately, of a 2 per cent astringent solution of iron sulfate. Borated or sulfated cream should be applied to the accessible nasal cavity with the aid of a finger. Kambala wood workers are exposed to an irritative or toxic dust. The skin lesion which may develop is polymorphous: Mild pruriginous erythema may occur in some persons, while in others isolated or confluent papules may develop. There may be more or less generalized eczema involving the neck and ears. Disseminated papules may appear on the chest, the back or the extremities. The mucosa of the eye may be involved frequently. Certain persons may present involvement of the respiratory passages with the clinical aspect of severe and prolonged attacks of asthma. The dermatosis may subside when exposure ceases temporarily, and immunization may result from the first contact with the irritative dust. On the other hand, permanent sensibilization may result Local aspiration of dust, protecting clothes and goggles, repeated washing of the hands and the use of barrier creams for hands, face and nostrils may effect control. S k in Cancer in th e E ngineering I ndustry from t h e U se of M ineral O i l . C. N. D. Cruickshank and J. R. Squire, Brit. J. Indust Med. 7:1 (Jan.) 1950. This study indicates that the hazard of skin cancer is found in certain jobs in the engineering industry. The evidence is drawn from three sources: (a) workers exposed to cutting oils in "bar automatic" shops; (b) records of patients with scrotal cancer at the United Birmingham Hospitals, 1939 to 1948; (c) animals in which tumors were produced by painting with a sample of cutting oil. Of the 138 employees examined, 79.6 per cent showed oil folliculitis and 32.6 per cent showed either hyperkeratotic plaques or pigmented rugose warts similar to the ones observed in tar workers and mule spinners. A case of scrotal cancer in a patient 42 years of age is reported as further evidence of possible carcinogenicity of cutting oils. A t the United Birmingham Hospitals during the period from 1939 to 1948 34 patients with scrotal cancer were treated. Of these, 6 were machine operators ; 6 were workers exposed to oil in the engineering industry; 13 were tar and pitch workers; 9 were employed in other ways. Biologic tests showed that cutting oil produced benign tumors in 2 of 4 rabibts by the fifty-second week, and a benign keratinized papilloma in 1 of 46 brown pure strain C57 mice after 54 weeks' painting. 610 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE E xamination of S ilicotics with Special R eference to O xygen D ebt. 0 . L ehotan, Pracovn! Lekarstvi 2:61, 1950. In view of the great scatter of the relative oxygen debt in normal healthy persons and in view of the difference in the norms according to the working conditions of the examined group, it is necessary to treat results obtained by this method of examination with great reserve. Under no circumstances should the oxygen debt be used alone to estimate respiratory deficiency. The behavior of the oxygen debt allows only an estimation of the over-all respiratory and circulatory factors, as well as all other factors influencing the working capacity of the individual. A daptation of A uthor's S ummary. T he A sbestosis P roblem in Slovakia. K. H olomn, Pracovnf Lekafstvi 2:69, 1950. At present not a single case of asbestosis of the lungs has developed in the three plants in Slovakia which have been investigated. This is due to the fact that the majority of the workers were exposed to dust containing asbestos fibers for relatively short periods only. The type of working process in these plants might also be of importance; raw and wet asbestos is used, allowing only relatively long and less noxious asbestos fragments to be suspended in the working atmosphere. Control examinations after longer periods of time will show whether certain sus pected roentgenologic findings have an anatomic basis due to asbestos or were due to other causes. A daptation of A uthor's S ummary. V anadium P entoxide Du st : A Clinical and E xperimental I nvestigation of Its E ffect A fter I nhalation. Sven-Gosta Sjoberg, Acta. med. Scandinav., 1950, Vol. 138, Supp. 238. Sjoberg presents a comprehensive study of the problems arising from inhalatioh of vanadium pentoxide dust. The clinical material used consisted of a group of 36 workers engaged in the production of VsOs, all of whom showed symptoms in varying degree. These patients were under the author's close supervision for more than a year. Most characteristic are the respiratory symptoms in the form of irritation of the nose, pharynx and larynx and of the bronchi with symptoms of bronchitis. Acute pneumonic changes in the lungs may also be present. A slight irritation of the conjunctiva is observed. No digestive disorder nor any severe damage to kidney or liver was noted. Chemical analyses showed increased con centration of vanadium in both blood and urine. This increase may be of use in differential diagnosis. A detailed discussion is given of all phases of the very complete clinical study. Symptoms generally appeared within a few days to a weekafter exposure. The duration of the disease varies from a few days to more than two months. Two weeks was the average duration where sick-leave was required. Treatment was mostly symptomatic. Analyses of the quantity and chemical composition of the dust in the factoryshowed that the maximum concentration of vanadium present would have been 6.5 mg./M3. The best prophylaxis is obviously elimination of dust. The measures taken to this end are described. The handling of vanadium compounds without face masks is no longer permitted, and air pressure masks are worn in all processes likely to involve formation of dust. Strict personal hygiene is enforced, and workers are under medical supervision. The second part of the paper deals with experiments in which rabbits were exposed to VsO dust of known concentration. High concentrations inhaled for a At short period r This was the (concentration the respiratory ery, appeared emphysema. 1 matory change The dust is fa effect. The ai Serum Coppe Nord. me> Wallgren ; fume fever. > worked with i. seven had onl> grams per 100 obtained. In c 160 microgran . the remaining toms were can the direct resu and oxidized < determinations S afe H andle' . News 27:. I mportant 0 T reatmen D eterminatio letter 10:- D iagnosis an G reenbuk This article lating the pra summarizes thi manganese, chi stresses and ill in suspected ca IEDICISE `HOSPHATASE. Biol. Chem. work, in an oi beryllium. .1 as activator is of interest ickets and of the enzyme; reverses the t is suggested im poisoning. : to its effects. !.[.. Hvo. .d by C arbon zaxto, Proc. 1 as the test liet relatively per 100 Gm. I>er 100 Gm. hours prior Os. increased mucleic acid tange in the ctention and letion about e tentatively I, which has .L. H yc. Sicel, T. F. Pub. Health n in a woolnent--fixation They recom- autigens of ypical pneiu___ To the other dairy, meat, ig raw wool 'M MARY. ABSTRACTS FROM CURRENT LITERATURE 467 O ccupational Causes of Canter. (March) 1950. May R. M ayers, Compens. Med. 3:11 Little is known about occupational causes of cancer, although there are chemi cal agents, used in industry, which produce cancer at specific sites in the body. Maximum allowable concentrations for exposure to noncarcinogenic substances have been developed, but such standards are not a guide to control of carcinogenic agents in industry, because there is no known relationship between the toxicologic properties of a substance and its carcinogenic potentialities. Control of carcino genic agents is also difficult because of the delayed onset of cancer after exposure, and the fact that exposure to carcinogens rarely causes acute illness or death. The better understood occupational carcinogenic agents discussed are beta naphthylamine and benzidine, producing cancer of the bladder; chromate, cancer of the lung; estrogens, breast cancer, and radiation. The New York State Occupational Cancer Committee has undertaken a study of the environmental factors which possibly are responsible for the development of cancer. They are taking detailed occupational histories of living patients who have cancer and are supplementing this record with information about the environ mental exposures known to be associated with those occupations. A statistical analysis of the data is expected to provide leads for further study of the occupa tional causes of cancer. J ohn M. W eller, Boston. S kin H azards in t h e F ur I ndustry. M. H . S amitz and P rimo Mori, Indust. Med. & Surg. 19:198 (April) 1950. The authors enumerate the processes of the fur-dressing and dyeing industry and the fur-manufacturing industry. The commonest cause of skin trouble in these industries is trauma. Irritation by formaldehyde and chromic acid is also seen. Epidermal sensitization to natural and dyed fur is infrequent. R. K. F unkhouser, Cleveland. A Case of P ulmonarv Asbestosis. R. L ivingstone and E. W . Street, Brit. M. J. 1:939 (April 22) 1950. R esearch on S ilicosis. E n s io Z anetti, Med. d. lavoro 41:1 (Jan.) 1950. The roentgenologic and clinical checking of the workers in a factory making abrasive soap, where such preventives as aspiration of dusts, job rotation and ``plain" mask wearing are enforced, has shown that 5 out of 40 female workers were affected with silicosis: 2 in the nodular stage with initial conglomeration. 2 in the niicronodular stage and 1 with moderate reticulation. The investigator stresses the characteristics of the roentgenographic picture (small nodular shadows, unevenly distributed and of slight opaqueness, with gen erally shaded outlines and early tendency toward conglomeration) and the com paratively rapid appearance of the picture. According to the investigator, the factors responsible for the appearance of silicosis were the 80 per cent quartz content of the soap, the fine grinding of the quartz and the insufficient protection of the workers. The remedial steps sug gested include installation of machinery for meclianical handling of the abrasive powder or adoption of masks of greater filtering capacity. A dapted from A uthor's S ummary. \ - I ? i) i