Document x18LwbJzkE33VzMQXMa93Lg10

FILE NAME: Asbestos in Hair Dryers (HD) DATE: 1979 Mar 29 DOC#: HD021 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Petition to CPSC from EDF RE Prohibiting the Further Sale of Hair Dryers Containing Asbestos Materials ' "vfk V ' ,,VH. , 0*C^ ''rtV *r Art *'*' _> Sk'N, *- ` r1 rP ,, J i. _.V '*" ' ^-`v-^r ', ^fg. '4 SM?^ 7 ^ 'v W ''' jt 5\ * .* ^ ft'4 # 4, 4-`A A %-AJ A S T A B L E or, CONTLNTS ^ ffM * **>-'** i-, - i* ,, 1-'' A1 ' < V?tf^<~--wV"*k~ -.v;-'*..*->o ,< -"A? A $-W T.'U n s x t o -... -....... * -j>riW -4 '' Vt u 'SifTZ ,assigns -, ... ps^sa'TjfSeSt,si^^rrWtr#tritfrlgtAtSvrt>^3^i -aia L> # T , <5^ Summary. ' */Hir*i*t ?**, '^s^ let-ties atouesls OEV ^ r - /&/ k J''* v biAt vh j, ^ t 1 V O ^ s1 - ,, c the Consuirier.-'.-Prodiict^Safetv'SMf* <- - . y^ 'r - S, t_n AiPhf,, :x* ^ Co m i s s i o n ^ursu intyto .SlSfc) ritlkVia.'.-r 1'. lit e O-, 7 '. . ; ` I .." - --r . - ' c t r?i ' - .. - . J} t . i A ard. 13 (d)'01. the Carsuitupo* . .. : ,^ " a ... . _. .. V--.. . .. - . . .'" 'T 'i... to V -& *?d p c fc S a f e t y A ctgtto^flhTiuaJce -a defcermxttatioreVp'ttosu'anfcifo?: y <f -r , i v - ' < " ? SIS (cl that h a ir dryOrs c o n ta in ig a sb e sto s n a S i a l h , p resen t 0 - - - 5 - -'-,,i, : 7 c I `- P ^ ad n c to h a K ard r ( 2 ) r e q u i r e the iu a n u f a c tu r e r s "(- 'fix mm aiASAyr; xy; -ox,,re.tailerst.ot such products to give oubliev r ~ ha^arfpresented by a u c h d i i a r / m d l o U L e U t ft 'V- W K f 'w' f wo-,,jagi*v smss#- *.vifw * * ' to n a t l f y O e v e r y p e r s o n who h as* ^ r c h i s e d v s u c O if i& i ^ t t o J a S ` r ^ -ify iff < ig^raS^|^ti^lmai^7;(3J^tb^isiue tm order3pursudnt to* i#iS(4]r ^ h x. ^ S i t ^ f i g - m n i x t a r e \ox[ sale r -: m- '- * ' ' t " ' ' ' " -I v imi-rC4fyxe<juire:-tiie repair or i^8^ 5Sia ^ i p Ci^ ^ r t ! . hands .-t. ?atitiott|f^lfentS"'evidence-. " ' . . ' - . . -. - . . A ... j.., replacemerrb oi aucis c 'X I f i V ,c i <&(>&** " i1 ;.' * 1 " isulafioffimaterials can emit substantihi miantitlea i n ,l t, <**. s^dk^^^^&ijji^^ioperationv IS^peec^iaeasured'approach .t.h. ose.'.--w'htioctlot^'tloiaxve^-baeJw'^^rSeswjorjii^THj^.*''-11* l l l i i B I 4 i ^ posur^ 3.!ftr.TV f1lfti""'Tcipj<e=ir?-ric;V i-rf* mpbc;nf-"h,a"l< o `- aJ^^1rivkr/-.ap -hr^.n.'.k^cx-^ r,'.- ............, . { stqs `.released from ..such"dryersf-can^accuHniiatti^^^^i^^i^?' ^....ae-.^and is constantly resusperided?a3fa^xesuit.:'of/abrnaly^kS*f*"-* -.y r. "y. ta P*1?1^ ? 5 P J e s e `n^' e v id e n c e t h a t .a cc e p ta b le -^ a lte rria ta v e H -r^ -:'^ - ^ o ^ f c . u s e of asbestos in such dryers are available, such.as : ' . `--the use of mica. Furthermore, petitioners present evidence that some manufacturers have produced hair dryers which do no: G 00201 V ". 1d- ........i.-> , . V 5W V . . . . . J iv ,-, v b . ti- from Lhe ^ r k t ' a m u l o require of eXistixg dryers^ i M l ^ ' l n tre ^ *>I * ar the proLiaa^iUti n^r f ' `which w o . l t g i ^ i t * ' -"s a fe s t ^ SP S S S iS iiU -' ^ -. - proc^ Ws-J-**''~'4~--*Q^v, ' r ^ ,'!^ !p - jr T > < iw f..- .5.S-^ . .- .- ' -> s^ixja '^ j"`tJ -K /A -.J, J '. J' I ^ S ^ reSte,3^ er^ ^ a *** opportunity 'or a hearing 'in:'accordance '' wits* subsection (f),, that a product distributed in commerce G 0020 2 -~?V""a*1* _-,,,./ j fvfr''1t..-u-.'-vfji,i'^rr?K-i>> v -c V u { ' jijVrri un-w.-:'. .* -, ; e: - --> 'y y A '- '^ Z a J f* f t l ,.-r ,r X w h ,.J^ -,~ ' .i ' r 5 !_-*X*.-X* - ;->;.v W n ii-t 1* G'fS&f r - ^ ^ a -p a s -c ftY t - -^ V */ ibcatiGe of the_pdttera o ^ t h e defect^ the ""umberfo r v e . -t \ i tA ^ A A , ? - j A l*A^AAxkA ?i "r ^ 1 1 w ;"H products, d istrib efed firo co m m erce, th a^severxtv o r h fe e itis k i ` - ~ ^ ir-x -r, ^ '1 ' X ^ `` ' ior otherwise] ,createsa^substantial risk of iniuxy'if o lfch<i G" G5S , wf i ^ i 4 r v . - x * s 'f _i ^ -*'- * * * * m \ ttL Cemmia^i^mkea'such a binding,, it ha^the>auti or ifcv itig j:;; I cfiase.v'price:':oi such',product .;(Iefss3^sMh&3^ rowatice^for-tuse^it; such produc ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^.lms^lfeeMl^l^^Bscssion^of^rconswc^ ''ixBs^ '^Aj^ ^ ^ ^y/owg 'yei^-forhimoB5(A>' -at th-'.time of p u b l i c --& X ' ' X ^ ^ ri X notice''r3der^Bubsectian (c) of this section M ' _ */ A"s .v,r l'""'1'o^^^-a^rj^he-lti ir^ho_coi^i^er-wc^eiWs-^ctaii~ f~ -- ^ -- -- ---- - " "%)&.. notice'of-the defect or noncompliance) , -. -* -;. . Finally, the Comraission may prohibit the further sale or maru~ facture of the product. G 30203 III. Description of Petitioner > .- v Petitionerr Environmental Defense Fund,- Inc. lEDFi..c is...&--- 7.nonprofit, tax-exempt-corporation, organized under the 'iansioff'f" --the.State of..New .Yorkpedevcrced to the preservation and^iuprove"* smeat-of the environraentiW.One of -the .organization's'primary .-goals-''is the protection--:of the public front carcinogens-and hi -.4 .. othervtoxic-.substances'Sg^Through its Toxic Chemicals Frdiixarapb,- ^ ^ ;7i - - - . ~ h r. ' S r ' S^eEkDdFig.Zs7eJet.k*s to..eliminates carcinogens from ,, fi-ix/s. ... the air, -water^iuid'-1 ^^consttmer productsi^Xhelorganization has over."45,000 memiters- h-j^_nationwide,- dneluding/lawyers, scientists/.and -other persons; 'n. - ` i>-- P ~,, >44'icoWilhied .tec'theSprotectioifcof the public--health and-..env:jconnent- b J.#StVaha-toitiai- oSEDFis -members are.-:exposed to-^asJwsstos' . -., V * .iS^frete-'Hie.normal-'operation*of-hair dryers-.-containing such. " - ^fHenca^t^^p^e^ihcreased- risk- of mesothelioma;--and - taMCYareer .v*:* frl - T'hatdrganizatiori^-has: offlees and -is'doing*lni'sine'ss xOenver^Coiorador.-B<3fe2506ADwight Way, Berkeley, California. . `i s . . - ..- ., . -v r t , - -X - r * ` vii t *' c h i-u 1 '::.V.hf-t'-:C"'':. (5 0-0204 cjf ^ - J cja- ^ ^ ^ - j. - > V t j_V ^s^iVaii it^ in^is fnr BrnfilTat-fng Agl e-*to tron. tind-ht Id ^,7X X "*!^-tH`'> ' -"HJTX"s-*`"~-"*"----^rcY--T^ > ,,y~^ *f y^s\i5XmA m. # * JfO . us ,c_* C^&y't-e W 0 A fA^b^i q^^x&ju Pat'oT&'Jiinian C^^A^J2]fJ}:^i.?ZlIllLSS^S^ vt t M C l " u^^^^iTFT^ p r fb 5 Fn "osijrGS and Low.Lceyvcol! jEyxEpOossuurreesyt w^,, VtW#al S ,`^ ^ % W- M J<f *_-K i ^{jjj K-e, J. ^ ^ -U. ^ ix*. ^ W ^ t e ^ n human e a n e e ^ c a u s ^ g agent ' 3 ^ ^ j 4 h o n % a > f e - | # n ' a variefco|.aniL eeLi A /s < <iMm A^n &<jBnhu U ^- -**- x Otly e 5 tt iVe^fmr e l y t r f c i_ -V exposure *;i- r ~#4-<_ - p e r io d ^ For ex , i, T ** ^ ^ r v * x ^ \ * * ~ $- m -< /A f: i V g S f l C D Wl-ar r j b y i ^ U o r 1or* ~ r J 2 'S V W ^ y .v ~ ^r& " X 2 ` Xc% . -*; ,, ccent of'the^aniJwlB^expsed'to^i 's& ^ <* V <AM ''-'f V . / V ' ' `U = - * 1he rforke s w c u from maXI^rjayfcf mooothnlioma the* leera (iin n q "V^" t J~rr*' ^ 'Jlrv Vu tG$. >0r L` xo.f "tue tfusfcgO of peri^~tonecu^m*^"i(vlirn-iRng of the xaorndomeon)j-'d^w*~~,'j,esutnei<ie itutT/'fGkTf^^e'rt la mu rcrecdnaH t-a.'-a/1'always-fatal cancer elm'nearJr era cq ec u"l i^ Gr **^ a `"y'-'Gu, f- -- 1 * ~' '' >-- H G f GTm G i tioneia tha general populations ^Asbestos workers wlu tmoke^ citjar-t4 ' r o tta a had a p p ro x im ate Iyj 9 2 ^tmaa,''the r in k o f dying o f lun g cancer- " id 'S 2r-- * '* ` * fu? ' -> h G, 4 **7 tttiu u l' aid ^ v ro Jte rtf o f equal"* a g a lM io 1noi therfsraofced oI T wq 1 "d * i t i j i asb e ato astq A sboatoa workaradwho'*smoked had 8 tim aad th a Itir g tarn e r f 1 V : *> & & > V* Vl .- = . sm okers. Sfeli^b ffio b aerv ed sim ila r K piation hip a ar onylk vib^riAitvG'kt -(/V*J*3VNSmV*4,nVU-;V>ii*nY*l*ir'i3iV*3'^iuvh w<vrt>-\v* m^Ui-hh<Ijhm -Jf-mi _u*.,-i ,u<^1.,,.(,,._. - ^-Lt*t'^0>.2&*+4&3i]rPi5h*. vw LV 4 l. ,,, -> _ t i_ __ i S o S i f S w f c i t W r a 1-u-%7iSS^Sv^&sSiCS*.i-r- T-j.~.''r~ I r v f ' u a ^ ( y t e k V t - v i f T n . n f Wr i 1j S i ^ .,,-. 1 ,,,..n. l . . i . ' ' `f e L / " -f 4- y .-ke, ^ ^ ^ ^ r B a p I r a t ^ B ^ c a a c e r i r i s k v2 1-llMiaathat e x p e c t e c l ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ft i^ cap cSrv .riB k i have been V ioim ^^ ,'(**.^>^1 Hurs--rt-^K.wr^---4"\y-ri,ai*u ^ .uiWjia-u-fr*`rtv**4^. ^.ih.^v-.w J-y '-J.J.*t._t...V'Vt.j* IfVlflB_ t'ib II-f"ri-efoikU;v>: rfur-f f; -f '-'"'f.'''' fid aaoslte asoastoa. V iff. ' .-'*' "'' `'-fu *'"* f "ff- Studies by Newhouse and BersylV'-f__e__a__v__e_ __i__n__c__i__- STSV'f -- rcated-a increased-wesotheHoroa xate-among workar3:'e:rpo3ed"'to mixe'd'" G 00106 SI -7-' 'pV > fGsbexto. fibers. Additional evidence confirming tho f s s o l f ,,sou J : . ..f .........' . . C - ,t ^ - `...r.- * .. -... .: - . .. -a 0 . "eao^ii9^%..and -asbestos .exposure comes iron, date'"*' era * " " - c , * l 1 Netherlands' and. fchVthiitJed gdomrRAxt ' ' j?* - -' .-.'.'. * -* > 7\Ct^l W*=fc?-.-'< ' V v. - v */ 3 J a. - _ -T ^ > * ' .. " < ^ - 2 " V rs ' .-, ** - * % . < ( l'V 'b y .- . . t ^ ; ** af t h o s e - w o r k e i ' | vho work'directlyVlfch'^fi'G ' f : . ^ v... ili^ iP>e,Ax?rL ^ " J>>-5 .^. . , ^g^ r a" tssssi ^e Cl ^#1 TM w*~ L u ^ s o e s r a s . a^ong.^f Jw ^ e r s v U n c lt i 2iag-v s te v e d o r e s ) , c i o t ^ i i i g ? 2 's o n e r s ' ,Cra,, p S S c f f l S k , p x S s ilg S t-on." ^ ^ ^ , a s s o c i a t i o a b e t ^ ;e e n ^ S ^ s u i 1|S-Fooioii~;fiS:kI^ ..i^ia^ijpw^wiciely accepted v` ' ~ < - tK.7%f " ".ii-iK. . ;-t f 14 f faabest^il^^ x .dkr.tii '- ' i- c -r ^ 4jv ; o . _ ' "x".-kra r1u ... -'.j.l, ` '1>- -C' i_-W^'Ofit ^k.'O, I, -eu -1^ tfvPa'- 1 seatoP ? r'. . '5>3fe>'' ' '' '' ^ 1B\ f l deaths.'expecJed^Blaje U,SHjrP A ^ 4 /*ibeik>i1S^ " ' ha^e-..also'shown incieas2d/c|nce> .rPtee ^io^JIevcis o f `asbedtoWo^rapoitpdtoP-2ri%,opib . ^ i the^Intijirnafcional'-Associatlon for Research'' :.^C^ pfiQsure-fas .'brier aaJone dav.*2' - ...;;'4 ^ p ..._ J "' ' i . ' ' ' -ra - ~ y ^ . . - \ O v. . v :..v ;^ - . jf ''P: t-f In''?ne of .the first studies which demonstrated that brie:: ' G 0021)7 oecjjpafcional exposure-'to -as'oc.scos could load to c.incoc^'tlowrir us "ImcT^iioEi^^ qsbthe liona tiiatlicITT!"""1' occurred over a 50"year-period, matching these-cases urtru-controls- that? did',not have'mesothelioma - A clear association with occupa-'' tional||-doBie3tic and,,neighborhood asbestos .exposure was>demot strated ,for|t^^Besothelioma',casesit''.and occupational exposures for.we a ware' .'Vracorde&ffor "as littleSasrS- weeks of-exnosure, and for woman- for-t. aa^litfSEaras-'C monthajcf- exposure. -5 ' t . .- .11-: \ . -,$?tliwSi&ireeent studylo$9f33;men who-.worked at.,an anwsiWf*bbe3tosi*.-v , - - t o t i s S f f e i i . : . : . v i v - m & s f r -is/:.. a --. --p. - - - I . ' - ; v .facto^mseidwapj. rLilis^and.Selikoff--- '..observed -that .work^'S-^wtov;w i^tyejpi^<a^^^ed--og-rley^itKiM^'one month had' a-alight excess in a'ui - ' land ^ 8 who worked one month, the 'limg^cmioirr'.V'.-.. ^prgjcbmt^ ^ ^ ^^tiaieg. the expected. rate. .^Worlcarc.`who.../ month*experienced nearli^ai4^ai^v^ k -/- that'sheeted for lung cancer after 30 years ram" // rJ.Si-saffKRfsufci.- .........-. -;-_-.--:*- -- - - -*&te?j'-''' *'* ta, ......... .studygof 246..cases o : j T O S O ^ ^ o m ^ | ^ .^'^^feirQ'ajtd"LloydHDa^erf^A found that '12 percent of. '6iar'caaeti^5'-a ''n&i&?odci$pational 'exposure had been exposed for'under 5 year jT.and. liferTM" - ' - -- -- ' " i^oneSfesse for -only -3 weeks* -t ^^^^pMaaiologicalx studies have also dem&nstrated a cor^eli^dn ^ ^ *twe^^feancer and aslbestoa 'exposure for 'people living in ,, vicini^'of facilities handling asbestos and persona living it .-.the-, ... *. ht'" - - . ' , sapaiihouse.s a.s .as.bes.to.s .workers,.people who were likely expo.ned -to " ;. hiy, _ . , . . . i- 'levels':of asbestos much lower -than workers. --- p"* lid''-; -- - - . 22/ `i/" " '!'' Of fil cases of mesothelioma identified by Wagoner-- -/ by 1353,,. the majority a the patients had not actually worked with aa.jestos. G 00208 -9- Indeed, only 12 had industrial exposure,, The rest'had .lived; in ! -'-vicinityiof asbestos nines and' mills, some navirig. leftsthe..asfac&sws "fieldj as-'young children/.'or .in 'their teens. v.In. some of .the,,cast .;tiu-Yxposure was briefi/eFor..example, the youngest case ..dxagrioseu., age'-llp"was apparently only-exposed to asbestos for a yery brie^, time as an infant..when ne'was taken to'a "cobbing" si Le oy.M i s . y iitotheryfxor.i the ageiof .6"weeks until he-was weaned; fnianother./fd c a s e va a s ..bom i n ^'3- tov/n on th e a s b e s t o s fi-alds^x. l e f t a t . ''`t l . r - r .. ' -;i r^'. _ 'b -n -x 'i. : the-dge^of 5, and Was"!#good health until:55V.when she developety,. pleuraj^KiSsoiihelioma;..,y yr study cited'eaxHer,., Newhouse andl.Thompson^tobseCTea:, **v' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ e l r :8 3 ^ a o 'tfielioBia cases -lived wipin' one-half?|il i - '* ` ' *' ' o:^^aif6astos factory ^ycoiapared to 5 individuals in the. control ... ceer:o'-the- -eiM^elioma .''cases', 'all iemaxe, lived withl ~'V * ib\V-^* t bi'tt^`a^iryf for only 7 years ..before the agerof 14* v '<- ***_- - -- - ' - '' gr.'!-i.r p ^ k''t>p^ie^"dnS-':retiiai'ried`''in -the 'area for between 3 and 7 years . f' "*x*;l!e:bias:i `> n 4 P i s fcavka--y foiind^ t h a t o u t o f lived or worfce&lin- .'J o' ^7'77''' ; ' Uf ai? asbestos plant, while Greenberg and Lloyd-Daviesy-- ' ,-r J ',-.- ` den^fie! _ , - 13.%ces^r(5%} out of 245 cases studied that'were associated .with .'7 . ... - .j- *&i>'''' c' - -- ' `` . '' ' t . "* . esrgbs-tsra. by neighborhood or domestic sources or asbestos*.:^* ... b ~ `-Cii jTf G .... - * * ` v nfll X (/ --* V- .L- 4WL,V.*JtVjHn, ~uWy a 2 & / found that 53 out of 201 men with lung cancer* ; admitted to a thoracic surgical center gave a history of exposure___ to asbestos, compared with only 29 of the matched controls, although G 0021)9 Administration.'s proposed cancer policy concludes; ' ,-ki =yytoJpktol utu*y. .1to'.toltali.yr! fir*s"impt ion u. >:arfLnrJje.icit*^ 1'For" a.sbstnncc any e^o^i^r^rTTEa'c" ';{y'ssoshonor rwtohe' considered to be attended by risk when.- to I considering any 'given population. No exception to this . point-has yet .been demonstrated,,Hence, today.;.it does.',;,;A ; no'te'seen "feasible-to predict a "finite" safe.level f o t j carcinogen-'.to an individual human, let alone for a popula" .: tion j Comprised /as. we are of aggregates of genetically '4~:.: heterogenoustonaLwiduaXif with Widely varying predispositions ; -tolly and suSceotlbili'tijes.33/ " v . . by:. ' specifically concerning .-asbestos tothe National'Institute' '' Occupational Safety and Health concludes; . ' ;c .to .. Evaluation *o ail'human data-provides no evidence for-..i-.yy>t 5' " threshold or for a '"safe" 'level,of asbestos exposure a ,- ; , Sased'.on-..the'.available -data, no assessment can presently...;!;::;,. be 'made concerning'..-the. existence;of a- level of asbestaj.'.i;.'.u -- f 1 exposure .below- which.-:an' increased risk of cancer could . -tr.notv'be- deteeted^d/.'t' ' . ' ' ' ' 'ttototi .****' 1 , *fCutLy^atbanron '^'TtteeTofasbestos -can ensure complete/protec~ *tie'against- this'mineral's carcinogenic effect.35/ '..toStototo - toto ,r-to-toto, ,y. > ) ' - The' iMWj-ijabnographtoa .asbestos ;concludeas . .. At "present it is not 'possible'to assess whether there i*..,,- a -level of. exposure?! humans below which am - i n c r e a s e d . risk of caxscar could not.occur.3/ ' - ...-'-.d;. .-/ toBo/ Significant Quantities of Asbestos May. Be Released Durlrr 'to: ;the Normal Use of Hand-Held Hairdryers ; "to -"4'f%Hand;held hairdryers'consist basically of a fan blowing air; i ' past a eating element. Because the .barrel of the dryer in 'usually .. . narrow',' an' insulating -liner is sometimes needed to protect 'the plastic barrel-from the heat of the-heating element A variety of materials'' have been used as insulating liners in hairdryers A substantia,L number of hairdryers have asbestos paper'insulating liners. In the . course of normal operation of these dryers, the asbestos paper can be damaged and significant amounts of asbestos released, into toe air -13- Sll Sir- Rc^eht"v tes ts by EM'/ Associates d?/a yAwifri-p4'c, ,-^TpZ *yV-v, jii%i ?*ary 1`*ld |jp \ r ^ t l t , 2 7j asbMtoPkitiasu'durjng ch^noimar operatioryof ccrt. x hairtept' $ 2 ^ - Srx haij^vcrs r e choscpjfdr analysis Threej/crc new dryers^ v _ whiie^fether- th.ee ver^jjiged^to have-been used fa. u b o u t ^ , ^ y y e a ^ i ^ ' s i x d r y e r s - i S t l b e s t d s , l i n e r s T h f i was coitfix^ftJjjfr Hal^^-s^il rlijnej? th',SEM/BDXi raerhodgg | | M . -'.fi'-U" do descri ' teat/ S l o w ; ^ ^ i ^ ^ a f i ^ t d 6 B i t ^ f*piace before th*f W< Is r e l j S ^ T e ^ c u t , edges of the liner were ' f cfx? ^5* v-^r rf a-' `. V ^ 1 rdry! . , t -,,- , ^-t." -yd,~ ''agai| -^- ~;j - - x " -, rai -asfoi -nr-V-V'CttA.-v..' ~ ^.capt V, ./-.d'4: . r,. a..noi rc/Mt...:-# . . i.. r.*>. ' ryy-f W S ie 'f^ M -iionx test period,by each of tha^ljgtrr t f i v " w-" ' /b>'.,'V--:.;_. .. .: , -',/ '-,'V-''/ iii sstr4,y1MSS' St-KVereS w ater,"w hieh/vasisthen f i l W r ^ ] . -s* 1 b ^ ^ ittwsstij 2 b 0'l'^ ' -? - ; -v - yyr.y *> ^.v ^ > v- - - la^terpai /under 'an.,electron-microscope __ .. .l> clii-c ' - ebiK %$ ction-- technique-,wati-choset m ordet_ Jt/,a ' "" > -Mf/fedSt , ^ A 'ys5t S*K *' airet'beeiieleaSed|'?md.b o - j ^ ^ , - Y" 'Y: " ^'dryri"-*-Since r-theirolurae of' airgpaM ;tw-c i jts^ff***** r^large, e p ^ t o t O ^ ^ ^ ^ wm Jgz ' " < r .- -, :- ^ ' . V ?lr; 'H',\ ;continuoui^srer USJ ^ ^ , W* 1 i vitijoaxi v tlp l t tgiliter g ,'^r/Tilte E S t o ^ a ^ ;eBllSed.ir1i^-n^^c^hcr i ^ r S ;rSoetron.' mierpsa d" IsSi l '-ytA- ^abi;ener^^^di>sperBive."x"r analyzer''' i-tSC'-- -- ..-..ZJVSf.'ii}-. ,.. .j.-.'H;;J-',.. , /; ja'3tdfi5^Si^fL fche'CX"S S ^ i p S " " w h e ^ f l f S u s S r t i c l e w a s `detected, the EDXA was used to iden t i f y "llS-cKa&3^eike-=n3r;-- The^hcroi^T-txmti^ morphological information provided by SUM, was the means of U1 O4'JA i3 G id o n t i Cyingj ashenfcQ^&sby- :fcypcr. '^.Vvirv.-iL*--'.'G v 1 .: -v -..v- Q u a lii;y r.ant.co . iuni[lwuU^iW|iyUJ.II,Hll,[h<fa,aiiltmilrtMiiiLil,M Ik Iwas -pI.ur.,.o.r.v,ui.j.||.I.a. ea-.jJV ..cwnuuc c.Jiiiq-.oL ..:v- . r . . .`Q'f . , . ; r r,- L t s U a u u,.c^ O ` *'^wj.%-s<fa .., ........ IIi11nilIIIIII....... * ,*w- ' t t f i l t e r e d " ! ami natTMi 1ow vh o o d ' In a d d i t i o n ',, r c o n tr o l sam p le s f o r > i `ie i ^ ^* < #r Ifv'o JS:water .and for the laboratory air were'obtained.*j?la all^iaotancai j t .* ` :- 'the control sampleafclicL not contain ;asbestos,,- i,,` ^ 4 ^-Vik"eu i~ 'III - " :v r ~ -****?*: "t` . - . * rha: results ofitne-tests were'sSriliingi, Ashes cos fiber be tdlas .^ - Qtauifjt*?,-. ftthe^cbryaotiia^^riaty-- wereJdetect^-?'oh'S?ihe ifilters -from--all--tit' hairdryers .a-'Th.ihj^feranged.in idtameter*rom.one-.to pBey^mlcrona. oiWsbeatdsfrelaaiiSlfrrOT^each^imiteitfliistod.li^abliisti; iv . hi^i^^oa^o^khe bunkl**"iCwaa ailXimu^tiJ ^ ,':tor;eatimkter,with c e r ta ia t y - it ! ! % & -> heltasH-ioitasberstos:Torelea'si^S%i^nii&^&lZ^-ek:'w,,atzeLr: vb-a,+to,h'/wiWavibsiwv^M^gSl: ) ^ ^ ^ ^ 'tf'jS-Ck",\ty.mM TM ; ,ji \% vv>.V.^;. . ^ '. rAjioiX.i' 1^-f-- .1-. T..... ti" f ***Si . ^vin. t i a r ^ i - k, i ;jtiid:gedy -yaacu .uu f i v e years*o l d , f h e used Sears dryer was roughly one year ole. r.ips -----a. ^ , ~liie C d ree n a w ~ d r y e r r r ^ a l s o ^ r e l e a s e d ' - s i g n i - f l - c a n t - ' a m o u n t s - - o f --a.sb.es_t o i t G 002:14 ,,Mil Q o o 55555555555555555551555555555555555555555555555555555555-55555 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 SSSiJppyn':^ ItxlifeSSlblkv'' klhry^>Xii*ik" b -i "* a i' stfVy.tf'W*t"i -f )-h-i -1 7- J `"v -^YU?\ ''** - ^ ' u-t 4lh V v~ .tf:- .'. - ' - ,,'-K tv k .1. -' &f< r-t >-t * - ''ir_,k y>hh.h C^k,t^-^^uiHJl;ii`Lai;A(LuiiUii iu '' iSo " L -( ' Hhlie fcne,.-data^base?Sffiwited,;ft>'i^clearffron^Tafteli|that r o t a c ..'*.'-- >-/<'.-- ?''*-^'''-*r|-~Qx-r , u, i -~ oL?iJ-r't andinct,,drv , ,, ,, 7 rel iwiS3*w"a"s''o.'>e'--st-a-sh.f*a-pp'e-ars- hiqhesiS^frora^olia<evr'-'drversr- camparea^to>MW^ar esiy"- vr'-iv' '..':-. .o' '''-:* ^--.^-1`^p^-V-' - - - ;-c;;.^_-v; -i1-:-i'Ccap,.ne.w _m_o_d_e_l__r_e_l_e_a_se,_d_'__as.Se-stb'a/at_i__a__r_a_t_e^:d.S_O_n_g_/_m_'_3_)_.--_f_a_r_^I_n__e_x_ce_l__a__o_J_f_yia~v'f:--f 'ri'---*' ,;'i- .-^^v*gi8^i|jfr.y -- " '.> ,. '- : -:~- '***' the other new dryers."''TSis^is indicative of the variability likely to be found in new and used dryers due to ways in which the cryer: G 0021t ,,-Ui-y _ tit-, VGfi -`^"'If, -GO. ' -.\rJ'pSg'?"-1~r"`G G -"--- :are- used, the quality -of the paper.-employed ,and/othermae tors* Jl S ' . ^-"- - . " . U, 'Z -rV ^* r~l , l iT- -,* ^ ^ ^ , , "; t v ' r . .: ;ii j-^`~rv5- C' ` -* *. ' -j k * 1 >.' ddinor strains the-clear.hand not-to arbitrarily-tiiaxfcrconccra uhr ufe ' , 1 ,,.r t ^TT^Hclus^roOTarTxrnisiHraxryoTsrtrroir^^ ;' :`l /i ' V ' ' 1 ret , .v.-.-.. '' ' liners containing asbestos can "ba>'consic(eced-'sae--and^without.--..-.- ia* - * .t/. ' - '- ~ ihh <. -*'1 ^iteutiar-'risJc.' ^v&v*- - & *- ' ' .* lajf'hi* 1 1 ' . > v, hrt i '/ *"Because all. -the asbestos endtte^by^asdryetr,.i3rnoiiim.tiaily.;o.. ,l,v/:"'; ' ( . ' :-" - 'ec-A .tlA>i v ", ' ---lr G y 1y- t . ' 1 /respirable sire and.- the air relea3^'0f^om.-,tlie.:dryer.';.aii3tes;with .'-room it ;-`b irKy-^ZitLhlie&j:fcaicul^el-cllauxtudii.i6i'n._3:iin/i'ab"lS^|^prp^^to|m^;:>U2ESir ouS/rrebhe revel ifeStey _ ^f^^^xesMytiittd.' asbestos 'vlabie;#or^irihaiatxoH^rS'iaeTiasbestos.. .T.i-GyG-r-'r^ . 'A V*)*<K3&f3*` ''ir ,yAp1f^^httfidles'released"troaithe dryeraf.tse^Sr8^inxti.a.iKL3f,,Kc,,Ieariy::aiove fo . r* ^i^^^^wBilerespirahle'. sizerange:and^therfw^feel-inikel:taieotii'tJ a r yt^?,^, , MiC^^.atBBtALyar^respirablec.-anatcoticd^entlMs^ttiailm^embeadea- in- thq-it aq 'l i a S g B g S ririv a y '"i1^iffiSkl)wi^byvlKl'Asaoeiatas `did'"! hdoioeiy! i ///I?* | / l i`v-gkrMtin}-daaitero.-;<SignlficaB'btqMiii&3i^biStbese^sai!ibeK s - llh I>'li l # '!: ' Il .the -liber .bundie'^l\rm^iw^9ra3:tlbWb'iib'`h id ^ 1 f/l ' ' - ` ' l i s t e . V ' A . ' . r n t i M a ^ m M i g m m i ^J^.y m^|[J ^.,-M-1^- . , *Mi.1'!*.vi("ri'.l.I.. JT Ml ^^3iipIayed|e^HB ;'`midJ:in>snany^caae^wre0:X3o^I^aTOr'e^at'M'%c^ '-- - i - j W J ------------------------- - ._____ ____________,, - - M . * . -- l >:.J>k releasedfrom.the'dryer which 'islaootfe^th&irespxrablevrabge car.Jew.* ^ ,vfe; ,T?f - W S / -' ,.'-..-v* & -expected "to'break, d-'ow-n t'o...r.e.s.pyir-va^b.l.e^J^"s"-l"-,^r.e.^.hc-i.^-..r.^^.e.^.^.yni,a,nandd^^n^>-"v .VvJ^'"">' 1 ^ jil. - - ...M'i.r>:`" .-I- '' i" Once released into the air,* asbestos* .'fibers5for the -moat - 1-r part are 'not transferred outdoors. 39/.A,porti"o*n'o'f 'the'se o'ld fibers as -they are resuspended in the air by normal activity are - - G 00218 ^ also avaxiaole .tor iniialatxpn Upon.'regpsp^nston ,,-xsbes tod,: tibai runaio'airborne-'for-tiong`periods , t r '* -Jr ^ -*- P~ -,fi-P ' M Da. -Paul Rating the Senii,,ioorr- Vice Presxcienfc^fo r * Hea 1lh,ES a f -i . vt; ' ~t j ' *3V - ' 9 -* `' ard'Envioment`of Jobns-Manyille'C o r p o r a ^ p | : i * p r i n e i i ^ y > i ^ t e ^ ,, Of asbestos has argued '.110]nee asbestos^etsj^to ,tne c o m * jejto2fc*> ' , M \ Tic-- ' ' *'+/'*? 42, : ; p f it is*.fcbere'ivirtually permanently." - ~` > weeJc^roEs^munoex*. ox >. u s e ^ a t l r n s ; The calculations in Table'' 31Issufc;tiiafcttheJ^ i | t | p ^ - ' . " a 5^ros"is-cvgra^^%^^M^dhgoMgfiQilr'the>-room and that none of the asbestos has left the room. These values are shockingly high. G 001119 TAD Ur.' 1 Minutes Used ' Daily .... Asbestos '... Heiaased ..; * per Minute . . ` ^r.'-iyrgr''.-r-- J. ..*.- --_ Mass of ^W'e' Con eriOrtolan : Minutes.Used. .,-.Asbestos ;frto -Loftonbestos .,: per Week "i-I -Emitted In ^ncri'iaena/nG' i _ 10 , 412 itoy 70 '.yXG y ;23 ,,700-.syc.r-rJ%-ky,1/tjOO -m | ' - 15 ' .' . ' 412.'.;r:-`r j 105 ; ; ..-it 43/050 It'i 'i 2/*'00 -- y JO - toto - : ''; >., I ,.' -2102- . r G c,iv:>.s6;ioo-:.ifito 0 $ G-tto0;; '''" 2 .' j.i.-'iifto " * p to ^ "r ?i.i,ir Coder actual conditions, one-would expect/'in: a^xoon^fe'asbeatiiDa^^ 14'^C jt ' V-.- *n ^ :.' -- `- ' - , &:* ^coiitjeatratioa-gradient^lnci: ea s i n g ..-f r cx c a i 11 n g | t o , l o o 't*eJr a,li t act . '' ,-soi 1* + * , ^ _J .-.iito.an'`even fiba^dlatriba1t-lcidonn.- -,,T.iWljaa.a;catcutaulalr'Minc^enn^tnr^.itSoi2rar^twP`2S2&Aitltd^'"^''5^sto - ittopepena iii lasgevp'arti on how mai^oiHfcha. ....... " " rnlWt JStCt'rT-';"-'** 2C: ...` "* \* .- .. "" "xeattafiffliiclecl^ he*aiitmt*'bf aew asf^toai'la^the^batSKod^pilSfrJ hfCS^r'.Or.V' " ; 1 T' *** -`i'rvH4Vhir^.'li^ ?rvcft -Vmi 1-4Vr*^lsi>-.j.I"w 'ft-i.ei, Tl^-t^iv-) -%h it,.-,. -to4S-...,.Jt.itoiii-f.iit.'to1'-jK -?-* .:.->--V- ,Ofl-jkhaother haad/iSthe^Table- 3 figure t-rebxesefcctSi^aadtiats^o<-4 & "toito 4 t o t G y ^ I t o r / ..., --, ^"d-uSltori -` --. ` a s b e s t o s - i n a 'r o o m afcer"'o riiy one w eekyof; ....- v.dito: yto ;- . ^ ?: ' -..>v: isa^fe#'^ * -*v^ * fi *because tha ;aiiaoimtt.of;aibus tos * ' ':' -'.: -.- will coatinue'releasing' asbestos'throughou.'-its apetofelngiliit i C to iigat - ^ - .- r '.a .. . 1 . ' to-' '':\ '""" '2?ylK;C--y'..raU-^..<_il/~- a iMtnough tha weight of the.asbestos.iusulatingF _ - --., '*'* - *. ` . ` ' , v -' .ditto r ^ K W . ' ^ - t o ^ ,"V ' - ^ J w r > . 'v g ,j -- -haoii-heia hairdryers is 'variable/"the average "liner^vdghlriJ' ' "'y ' ' ' ' \ ' . ' ,` 'i" ,x~ .'."^cy^ approximately l.S-'graras of which, up--to 90 percent Is^eieb-e^tos.i For a dryer such as the Norelco 1000/ the rate of asbestos -- ^em-ssion-is~-roughlytoli ng/permiinutor-- If^sudhrar-dryer--- G 00220 -SS00 o ~ ' Vr, wore used 150 .. . ' ' _ \ e -V- - hours a'year and spewed out asbon toa- at the'^omc-V' hourly rate, in one year i t would releaseTMavdr JTs m iTll on nanag-rnras.vor 3*6 milligrams of asbestos' into the'home environment But a| ^ 'typical liner (2,,5-grams- in weight, 75% asbestos) contains close ~a 1900 tailligrams of asbestos* Consequently such a-dryer contains - ,-aaough asbestos to remain-a. serious hazard far in excess of xirLt . '^0 ^ 1 lifetime.) '5 - f V ~* ** 7 i 7 ' ; - * _7;,4 - it'is also instructive,. ..using the data presented "in Tablet 3j- t>7 r V b p C P v i T x 1 w- g, J,-?>rb41 .^compare the calculated,concentrations of-asbestos1with otherp <* fa f t1.5, situations in whi^tasbestotfS'liazairds have been Identified* IXheV -> ' ,, . , >- ' : . - . 5" -* > vK mxiiffiM! predicted -concentration-'after .one week; based an 30 mintsKeS <, " t P r`'p- ofeus per:day .of tna-:testecT'Ho'`'elect 1000 dryer, .'-is 4800' p-p-pi 177 ' - fabla" l;t.data is presenterfiaa.dthe-'range of" asbestos concentratione b, noted- ia-r variety .Stpsituationa'Prom, 'the"concentxatioas^ofPf^"V7'7 ->'53 asbestos,-found in urban.- and 'rural air td''those levels medsutect nu e r p occHpa-ciowal conditions 4-rClearly,, -a; level*of- 48(30. ng/ra3 excee'i ^ i 'ffV "7 7 ' - ' - ,.b-: 7" -7 Yq^M-gtaesfc level found i^ iambient air by 50 times and falls 'within. ;,5tb^;range_of envIronme'nfeXPanyoccupational exposures previously2* i#`r --associated with d is e a s e iilic " , ' _- j , ^ prypt? ly P iy y V '5 "rPb*ri-The Use of`'Asbestos-.Insulated Hair Dryers May Significant' Health-- Haaard~~Even -to Those.Who Do Kot"~Pl>f ^^'5 -. 7 7 Themselves Use Such Products . ` >- Within many homes where an asbestos 'insulated hair dryer islff 7 tfcre are family members who themselves never use such "dryers *. TV'- Nonetheless, they may be at risk from 'theasbestos released by 7 " .7 V these hazardous consumer products* Adults or children may share - ---the--same-ba-fehreom-aar--powder-room-- aci-itxeis'"where--a"~dfyer is normiXXy used, and thus be exposed to expelled asbestos- fibers * Asbestos G 00222 -23- nsf ^^ J may be tracked away from these areas and spread' throughout the resfe**^?**!^ 44y of the houses The entire family raay thus bear a risk rroa one '-< "M'Oip ' ' ' ' . ; t & ' s .member's use':of a hazardousihair dryer - . 'i f' . 'While exposure to asbestos poses a serious health hazard for adults, the risk faced by children-is even greater Children are -o*-ify*/. more likelygthan adults to survive!' sufficiently long for'the ' iib ii"- carcinogenic..effects of asbesto^-td be manifested'.,- 'The 'lag'time' yr - a ss o c ia te d - w ith ' -the in d u c t i o n i o f m eso th elio m ar f o r . e x am p ley i s y -V^y ... i ~ ... 'ty/yyp.r.'.y:..c'. - -tps| y ^ ^ t y p i c a l l y between 35 and 50-jy e ars ." Induced neoplasm s in /'ch ild ren ; ., y - 'i'f i y '' e x p o a e d - to - a s b e s to s r e l e a a e ^ i r o r n / h a ir d r y e r s can be e x p e c te d t o man ir-y 'p iji fa s t, tn em lv ea, th e re fb r ^ ^ ^ f.tb s in d iv id u als reach m iddle ,r\ " / ... -ri/:' - .' " - . . ; '. : In 'a d d itio n y b e c a u se /o ifsp h y sio lo g ic a l c h a r a c t e r is t ic s and - rcy ym gr. a c t iLvvi ti tyy ^ i . e y e i s y y M l d r e n i ^ ^ a ^ l i i g h e r r is k : ;than-' a d u l t s / t o ` -* v o - h a r a x d s id f :a ir b o r n e c a r c in o g e n s .such: a s ; a sb e sto h ,, i.-. C h ild r e n ; '.'.'I y: ;.' ' v- r-fJ: .' - ' ,'1"' . ' . ypy-.',ipppp: a h ig h er.''rats;o f a i r exch^^i#|and.'.''tttetabolism than .a d u lts and can^ . se q u e h tly fe x ch an g e a ..r e la t i'^ e iy ^ g r e a .t e r volume, o f a i r . i.Tlaus, u n it bodyi^weight,. c h ild x e n 'iir e a th e ' more a i r than adultsT k-O n der ^ i l cb m p ara'M e'tb an d itio n s^.''ch iid ren |.h av e been.. reported-- t o .in h a le , t'ocy'iy- ' - Jr.., ' f. ... ' _...'V^i`'' . '. 45/ t o th r e a A'tiiaes an much o f 'a ^ .p a llu t a n t a s o ld e r p e o p le --^:- ' ' ' ///-'/:!. ' - i-v'/Add^cl-td -this n orm al-.'difiererice.^iri a i r exchange/.rajaas'is-. fa c t .5'th a t c h ild r e n a r e m a r e a c t i v e "7th an a d u l t s A s 'th e l e v e l ' ' activity rises, so does the/rte of air. exchange in the lungs - . . . . . ...... roughly in an exponential 'manner.'-.'- Therefore, children in- homes .... . .. . . . j. , i ^ 'xv-f where asbestos contamination has occurred are likely to irthalfi-- significant levels, of contaminated air while playing Moreover, '' pyty .such,physical activity in.xhiljaren is often associated with mouth___ 1__ y.. breathing and consequently with a loss of the body's normal nasal G 00223 -filtering capacity. Further, because "children are^irorter^ thiS?' tsdari-'ct'.--they -rare-Borer iifcgly-tp-'Cfliae inrewrtatcfe-yH^r^he-^bosbo >Sy dust that gets stirred up fro.%S;fIoor.- 'Studies on various pallitiatSi ^.indicate, a distribution in pollutant- concentration, as 'a, function 'at distance fromjfche ground. Intone;studyi'lead concentrations weae ounu.r-tari.ee...as high, 1 .S'meters -from--the floor as",20'iaeers.^S/ rib I _ For: ayiulte or .older children who.-=.smoke, the hazard^:caused by * A " dsbea-fcos^exposure are heightenedi^Asrnoted earlier^Sellkoff'ai co~oorkers rhave. reported that, workers -who smoke-and who are ^ ~ r' \ ',v : v . :. ; b y . - r y - . - - , ' ;y -;'. * - r ^ i , * 'tr c i/ b iS : occupationally, exposed to asbestrfsi;haye. 92: times'the-riskf of dvj v , & & & ! oZ itmg cancer than do workers- whoydidi.isat smoke-''and-have-not" be y y y i ...>. - :b y '' yy-^ - '* F Fierpoaed .terasbestos..'-.'Asbestos--wofkersiwto smoK^ilSSP'8~tim6s ths"'-V^t5^w ya^er-'rislb^iather 'tin and. eight million teenagers OTok^.fcigarettes. Many of "tSiese p&oale 5;Eare^likely users of hand-held'halrd^ersyy Par thoseVudpgt:.;< *( t ` y.d-y. 'i-yy'-y /y .i,:i .i: itdy.y y t y -;., y -" qs"^^..dryers/; their smoklngihahit, eracerba^sftfieiprob/imfli^^SS^ -"-'tty '".i.yrV'rbb..-'' ...' -..'titeir face.'. G ". ' . . "".", y i y y y y - " ' _ . 'y, dyt'byG ^ home-use of hand-held-'dryers :is the jpriinar^foeSns of0 .concern, -it is not the sole focus,fla.'recent years ;MoWylry.- hair, y r yvy `>'i.} ... . .yiiyib'Kliy.yr-'- '- ' fc,si^s -vstyles have become, increasingly '^u'ptilar:among both ' m e i a M w o B e n ^ i i . V y t - . . . ._ .. f yf' - - d'-r .-.Consagueaitly,.thIte2 use no'fF Vhiatinndr?---heldT dry>e*;r*'*s-'-5i\n*i beauty "shops"-'iain.di''e ' ~ ^ fr haircutting boutiques has increased 'dramatically. 'In'shops wher s asbestos-lined dryers have been or continue to. be used, .the levaLsTty of asbestos released may be very high.. -The dryers are used very' frequently thus creating a potential for the release of large' araounxs- -of -asbesrtosT In-- adattloh,, heavy-"traffie"'within'`"sucff^nci1is- G 0022`i ^ffsix.*^'-^' V v^i. r t %k e -t" *- Vs. "'4LjT t >- h_ -T* r , ' f i i S I l I j S i c i a h c y i o f -a t<dxyerM 's^SS y e a r s f^ iW i^ lf^ T O n a |jle ^ " t b ? a sum3 ,,*$$,*tiia^wq^/if ;nofc all ;fch:ese.'dryers remain^isgeecvice. .Whilel&is:i? -/-,*- :- T-'-.^,\\>t. ,' " -,r ""i'ii;.i' > '';''' l- "r-t`-r\ rr$r{,~, " 'number may seem overwhelming,' 'it is corroborated by the latest G. 0022S figures from. Underwriters Laboratories. They, now estimate the between SO and 'SC million hand-held dryers are in use'iri this country^ - - _ " ___ '' :..'hyA iy; . ' . Unfortunately, it is exceedingly difficult to estimate the . - '* total number of dryers currently in use that contain asbestos v> liners * Data identifying models containing asbestos ..liners are. available for only a portion of the total dryer market-. --In'-addition,.. '..'iy; EDP has been unable to obtain figures on whether ?-tosthose models Kl found to contain asbestos liners, all or just a portion, of the'units 1 sold contain aabestoa. liners. .Finally, there are"notfignrea- -1 i -;zr V y i ;. -. . d t t y ; - . yy :-d-'1.% available .on the yearly'sales,of-Individual dryer,,models:-,. -.. lit ' .Therefore,'any estimate must foe- a crude one, -(Nearly,,all manufacturers-e tin BDP .contacted consider model sales.information-'tgnfidln-tial^-Only- .Tenney released ^useful data, ^-Tenney headquarters'-.indicated that it sold abort-`SOO, 000"pistol-type hair'.dryers in- i7,8i%SajBsa '*> the < ' J& ' - -~ .: : ... , .,vpffAryrKpyr '-- .. ..a-li* Pro-HOO models which was' found'by E W bo'oontiiiii^ai^^toa'.r'coha'fci'KaiSei ..the majority of the 200,000 units, . Tenney"s sold .3507000 .styling dryers in '197.3^-^ales of ,the RotM^Styler^ry^^ ^ ^ ^ BLsq'.!sh I to contain an asbestos'liner, cohJs'tuted 'av**arVhire""3af that figure, ^ Despite these, statistical problems/ the following .'figures!eugge v the magnitude ,,of the problem. . . . %. . '.,,Vtflfe'G... - ' Underwriter,'laboratories estimates that between! S-.-'ahd 15 dI'Modiifcidj J *' ~i*r- -t.f ........... i-y -- ffs .' ' iTM-. ~ j c j hand-held hair 'dryers currently in use contain asbestos! liners .St/--: The results of a -recent market survey are in good agreement with. -. . . . - - .. ... , these figures, " Used hairdryers in operating condition were purchased 5 hr.' from local Washington, D,,t, area Goodwill Industry stores, A . ' ] visual inspection was conducted to determine whether a liner was . present in the barrel of the gun. Where a liner was found that appeared to be composed of a fibrous material of grayish-white G 00226 IIIIIB I # - - . , ,., *- </ ''vQ f Hf l$q& v w Kt" ?*- G r i r *.b -d S\ i, *.->.-<!-fee ~w%" _* vm ^,1^4-^ -* MSst" 48 ` ' ' 2 o - t o s n2 n e r s d B^u D-vtvga r wrp^j . , eir ...__ 1 ' " Hamilton'3, ach GroomePir^ Noreldo-lOoO-watfc Model" 17M V a <,^^ew*vyt^.:.Pjjnrroti,fes3io-n,.-arklvE^rtVv1,`- - - , ,, ^ypo-.ioa ^lr-''ST"pLi ,^ ^ - ^v A/ sb^esstoVs^- ^b i^nteer dto>Ur hrocunBdeySh ^l j T| | " f ' di> -i C o n air Model __ v d i~ l~ ,,T cyx -,> t*c p- J^. -f df. ^1 ,,^ 'Ctounna^iri rMoMaopdtiil OSS ~` ^ ,, - . r ->-C on alr Pro S tv le f Gd~ I 7i" " -v-^>C?5*aif,vi/Saa^^aDoonnda _ -.-e _ , ^ru 'i"r COHair- The Wi .s.ed x--1 ,d - Sears Men's 1000 *^t i t *a_. V o r a a d /l - - r ^ I f ^ f c L i ^ ^ ? - -G- -> * "B- '- G G l l l I ^ GtGs?Gf> W 11 !Vsgfi.G'' * rep'ot;r".t.ed -In. Table ^^'t;-b>f'^,l:3t-odels'i,nspactd,.V'lSi `(or ' -' to contai asbestos liners. -..; - .,. i'p-- r'd Applying the 254 of new dryers found to contain asbestos lirnm to the estimated 12.4 million dryers sold in 1978 reveals that approximately 3.1 million dryers sold in 1978 contained asbestos. G 227 Survey, of Mew Dryers Currently .Available for Sale '\ Models Inspected Containing '/^Asbestos Liners Models Inspected Where No .' Asbestos Diner Was-Fourd " ..|.Conair..Pro Style- 1200 - ' ' ' .American Electric'American 1350 -"-Dandy - American. Electric Fante stlk. 12 GE Power Turbo .1200 Braun Travelaire- 1200 : - .r - ' y.GB Super Pro. 1400 ' Clairol Dry Gun 1000 . '; '-vSE Super Turbo 1400' ' ' Clairol Hot Stuff '1Q ' . yiHamilton Beach Pro Curt 1200 . Clairol One for the Road 1250 - Penney Blow Dryer 1200 ' " , Clairol Pretty. Power t'k::' '' ^CifuFenney Pro 1400 Gy - ` ' Clairol. Soia of Gan'- *>'*: :'t - iktk. Penney Rotary Styler/Dryer 1000 -.-Conair Pistol Power " - - ianyei Might 1000 '.- , .. ' . Conair.Pro 1000 8. ; ' ' "^Sears Men's 1000 Blow-Dryer ,, Conair Pro- Baby 12GGG --> f Sears Women's 1000 Blow Dryer . Conair-The Wla lOdO,7-': .. " / ' A1Sears -Women"a 1000 Styler Dryer ' GE Compact-'-1200 Go'Bryhr ^^S'rnibeam.Professionare\ 1000 , : - GB. Power Pro ' .- - - C Jkards 1050 Pro y .- ..' GE Xoom 1000 : g.-.l..'. ... **?5iarcta -1250 Pro Gira'-.'y'.V '" Gillette Max 1 '-1 . ' ' rWards Variable Power 1400 Compact, Cun- Gillette Max forSMB^ r-' - ' Gillette Pro Mao; Compact- 1000: Gillette Pro Max. Compact 1200 Gillette Supermax -tSS ' Gillette ;Superatase li;ol"V . Gillette Superma6-*lif# . 'V Adjustable 200-900-' y ': Gillette Supermax .sGt c 1 - Supermax Curly TopH26r* - .Hartman Pro' 1 5 0 0 ^ ^ ^ h Hartman .Style Satterr-iftl;l;.#g Norelco Gotcha Gun 8l,20-G . y^?v `h r Northern Pocket Pistol'1200 Northern Fan Jefc 1200'.;. - Remington Fluff & Dry 1QI0 ' Sears Men's ' ; Compact' Blow-..Dryer--12(Mfy ' : M -Compact "Styler:Dryerr.;l200 JGy Fold;)1' Go = : - ' Super Combo Variable 1200 . ' ' . Variable Styler Dryer 120 800 Styler Dryer ....... 1100 Styler Drier ' . Sears Women's ... . . . ` Compact Styler Dryer 1200 Fold N* Go 1200 . Super Combo Super Combo 12 -- Super-Combo--H-3-- 1-2-0-------Variable 1200 Variable Styler Dryer w/ constant temp 120} RI1IJ G 00228 I  . . noted earlier, not only arc users at'-.risk from this product, btt so too are millions'of family members'who live in those homes. . -; Unfortunately, the sale of:asbestos-lined hairdryers will, '; ' continuefor .months -- if not years -- .unless immediate'"regulatery action is forthcoming, Existing warehoused inventories of dryers .yl'isiay number in the millions.-^/ Many of these may contain .asbestos, sedition, `asbestos-containing dryer* will' continuedtor'ba ' manufactured.' Underwriters Laboratories,, which sets'standards : ^ governiagrthe'use of insulating materials 'in. dryers;^^still "' l - dU;'s -rifyKteiLincludesiraab-eston among their approved materials, ' >' ; " . . : . - f x ....<- rTSr^v`--'' ff-- yAlternative Dryers Which Do Mot Use'ftsbeatoai'-'Lihefs^ara'' r :-Available at:- Comparable Coat: Hand-held dryers can be'made without asbestos'liners. 'Alteinaatiye'' ,, _______ maierials'such as mica and metaf are available,^;;2a many, cases 4 ' designed, appropriatelyheed'jk>liners .at ' '. i -X? .** .a lt e r n a t iv e d e s ig n s r a i n i n g m a t e r ia ls ! d o es'n o t''/." m ;" Xt'. C3*5T4 h ?-x .X y te;#. -v-^Si^-roBuit fiyhn^in.creased cost to constmumrset-Tberefaore^fy^(^hy^i^eifst'usee.sol:d^ltrgfeg , '.'vAWrVX'. '.'-v^ id-. ' ' ; -A'--- -/r,V4i'X>;-*:7> ..x.*. ; * -sicstosgliners is. unacceptable in. light of -the health:'hazards'naslf 2 'OfcllJVj y yllw .' . _ ,y*V, . ' ^- fne price borne, by consumers is determined more by" the stylo. ''. " J 1 ' 2 .,rrh-o. dryer, and the store it is purchasedjin'than by' whether* or. not ' 1 "t.- ' = ' '.tiiC-f. ' ''' :rbXrrrdr Xl - /^^^containsta liner and, if so,"what typa^y.yln a surveyfoi^locai^t- '0* ':'"1: Washington, D X . stores, the price of several iOOG-1200-wafct hair ' dryers was determined. These were compared to each other and to -.^y-.ltiie price charged for comparable wattage Sears and Penney's. dryers :/>.y ' which, were found to contain asbestos liners. ' . - ' '-d G 0022 0 G 00221 G 00233 ~a snort /hair.. dryers con earning esbe^eos irsuieiion materials..contap^a.^defecfc". wxtnxn*the meaning o botn >k .t _,V/ "i ^ _ * v * SGi^y V, SlSfc.) (2>;.as well as^ttte Commission'^regSaSions ta'xntejq ret - -this section. -y-'tt ty ...,:,r.r- . . -dTOdt v yt-- 3 1 .Asbestos inHairlPyyeygfCanstitiitps' ` ''' '-' 'rgrn.--Z-i-g-d-O*-cFHpaexfwiuicvt-i:.<aW<ihusisc<jhtf-^^u^jajstt:eanst^:xial^ E i t S S i r ^ , ~~ .t r1s k otv.X m u ry s-to .-th e P u b G c I i G 2 8 ^*se.~ - e T " " Section lia) the Consnme^ProducC Saetj ' --- ` uaiversali, -c. >* % r y * T- e - : "S * * . ' p r o d u c t s -`^ f A distributed in commerceT,'.'According to_!e d f *,s information,' between , V SO to SO million hand-held hair dryers are currently being used. G 00238 G 00238 -1.9- (I) To; give public notice' oE the defect or failure to .coiTtp-.yu "Qtice to ea?h person-who is-a masutactur -r, '- gi:"`-r-nutorJ. or retailer -of^such product*. 1 ^ . . . '' ` '' ' * * (3) To mail notice to every person to whom the nLrsor, >3 ' ' - o^soldf t0 giVe notice klMWS such product was deiiverfd :^fchejnnore,; the: Commission has 'the authority to sp^iily - < G 1 the form and content of any such"notice."^ -H- . *3? 'J-s'xrr.-: ; '1 G . EOF revests the Commission^tefuse .its:-full authority y upder Sla re^uire bth general .public -notice--t^crogh^''- hr pr 55 rekdses and 'other means designed-to'ensure widespread,, - ^ i ^ lic taovyiedge^ of the problem as well .as-through*" dividual ' pliV-rc'."V- .'-c.-u .-^-V. -. 1 ."-- . v t i . ~ ' '- X- - "1 .V. c-v.^ - *\ I w f c f c e r a .Lo^cunscm ers who a r e ;t o o w it q lh a v e ^ p u r c h ^ * * :: t nn yr" ^/G ha >' '"cxyyeerras"n.'---T;h^e firsi-tf''sstteeVp'iinn' achieving 'thiso*V,j e c S # % Gt"'G[ G - {,*iJ - ** %i **** ueceo^ary.-product'information 'from'dryer 1p,'^ ? > ^-aiart.urers ariif disfrlpuhors to ia^ntify those' .' .-..-r: r : . ^ ^ ^ Drdl-L ` . .! V ' : 'z .f---''- '. -n- -5b/-r Js*: J^*erPrefci? .pl^.!^e--Coma:sslon.has .-- r-t.,, - /;'IMJ ;ro-.- - ^ iSfej - ta,,ard- ^ i I S 2 S ^ "P^e/ ; ^ ^ S l U 5 . $ ^ { 4 ) : i 3 ) ^ r c o ^ s f i i ^ has- , " -.the auth,oQrirtxyt-y ;tt'ao-yRreeqquu ir e a n ' id e n t i f i c a t l o r t and d e s.c r i.p.t.i.o n s.....>' . , - W t i ;-.ot -tne products if ____ 1 f n^ c o d e s . . Describe any id e n t if y in g m arks and t h e i r location on the pro d u ct.' -Provide -.- pictureor sample o f the p ro d u c ts;>? ' . ; ` !>,.-- -& 'fd - In ad d ition ^ the Cotnm ission has the authority to require''-' information on the number of products and units held by" manufacturers, distributors and retailers, as well as' the G 00239 , .w . ,, . .. "" ^ P ^ t = - m ` 40 >C 1, - ^ f r 2s*y a v T'isKft- 'J`=^aLl^ 7>i-^'ti.-'-Tv,,-'T.i`'rT' v-, `ss.'v , . ............. 7 ' ^ J 3 s ^ w F- 1 N ^ & k 8 # - th. p o - s u s TM o / ' c i n l ^ ^ n d c i E ; 7 7 7 ':f' 0 | g X X ?"i `ftg 7 i| 'E 7 iis | i, * rreeqgtusiircc^>a liiisstt ooff tthhee nncc.iess ooft u i t l ^ L e ^ & S ^ f s r w h e n e v e r > 4` ^ | ? J v ^ V uc:h ? f, information 'can _b7 o b t ^ f n ^ f x o r a ^ ^ S ^ ^ 1`4 S ; `^ ```" \ a*_ ^ X ^ r-n X ^ ^^v,t'.lrKt't^nh?lV,iria-LAitarned 7by4'm-raI-rmi--acturersv1`^dJi,stLbt/ Lors aitm.- IBIill feii p#fe I IngKsrj rtr r^<y'~>^hir`.^yWT&fKf- * t ,t.->7aT^.i^i. t \ G 0024C ....................................nt....> <1- - ., . ,. .- .. .,, .i .i-c "-... .sj*>*.*kSA:. -< .. $?.SJks%Zfrj v i -* oc haxr dryers containing- asbestoses:, precluded. t On'Gffapproach'`'rv thc Commission is authorised to usaxxs a . ^>>- " cr J sJp*" "'<fifI - the number ot. participants aVho have ;the--naht to........" - - - '-u-- vi T. - ' , h ~ tjdjring tne. nearxngrrr Section 'IS {g)xallows'*the Comm \y--r^Azi, - ^ ^f ` eqjxre taose parties-"whxch- haveia'vsimxlarr^xntereat/td^deSignafl -V one party to represent-:-them..in -such-.cxoss-exanLLnatiQti^%U ^ ^ ^ . .. , - - ----.t - f - - - C x'"t;yr:-:yr': i' - j4t aimmbei- uj,,-?parties L.wirh; a,similar:'.interest. do- requeste^heariitgf^^ttSt -} Itf, ^ t t * > * s " *- > -r VS-irea^tronglyvtirger-ttetCommission: toyconsiaer-using /tMWprovrauttf|^iSi, # : i iit V ^ ' b \ ,, - 4f > " 7- r to.,cut:doTMtonithev:Iengtn:to;.itimetrequired-3tytonfei;|^|>||^^Y^ ,,I - -v'lifi- f***"TM**-*** `.aSSfel-'v > A -.KAi-fyr & - - 'ttii?!* r ' , ' pr^i^W^^ConcIu^ion a -* , V, t . * - A^airjiii.'ist-contlusiort'i^peationers-i-haveipresentedi'a.-signlfi ;-.^ b d ^ o f y evidenceci^^MBtow^tha-feslufdr-belrliaiirtar^rfe '1~-.,:4-.'r4^gccptaliairig asbestas^.ir^regnated^xnsiilatiommaterialS^^1 ^ # f a-,gu^>atmtial prodtict haarard On. the-hasis of.5this 'A*`*u .-petitioneratihays'Vei^iesteciitiie^v"1 '''r^t^dotider- seeking a preliminary"injiinctioit-nnder S15('g3^^ J.'tr.rlt'aip.appSpaerarss'!'tthhaat the adijuuddxiccaaftconrrtvihReaarriiihtga .iphrrnovviirJdpe.dd ffrcirrtaihrtrT-.*'.-:SI5|f't^ffiS & t ^ t.ijl-il-ii- be protrac,,t..e..dI. . - - . - r - r . '.. .; - ,.. - Wm i m IbiwM S IIm FOOTNOTE!; . <. :4T" ii, i: Wagner-,,;J.D,;Lerry,,G- ;Skidmore^. JW. and Timbrali~ZvS 719 'The' effects"o>the inhalationJbf asbestos in ratst~%Brfclil Cancer j 29:252-269. . . . . . ~ ' " '- .,..2,,; IAKC hcmoaraphs on,-the Evaluation o f the Carcinogenic: RxsJrfc ' S ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ >* TS;Chemicals.to Man:~ AsbestosrV o l . 14 .(1977) - -*-Si j. t v'->y h j;* Lynch,.-K.M'and. W.A. Smith (1935) ....-Pulitranary asbestosis II carcinoma oratile lung in asbestos-silicosis'. ~:Am.'0 Cancer .--.-.-.---"""- -- -- - ' ' r ' '....----------- ^ `i'Si'-;* Selikoff-.*J-;i-'.ff{l976J .'Asbestos disease ::in the United States ifeKev.--rr MaiHsfRespT4t7r*24.'V- **&*.'-> , - t<i~. :vf . .'- -a', a ? i? ibrvf.McDonaldK,>A.I^^Hagner,'!;D.-faBdEyssenit^G.-w(1973J.ivPrimary^ , s^c^5.t^ik^! .'-rl;..malignant-,msothlialftumors>inCaad?i>1960-1968 pathoicji.c^^^P; > 1 G s e v L i s r ' b y !fteejm eso th elio in a p a n e lf o&theTCanadian.^Tumor^Refiax'iasiC '^ S i^ ^ i' >J-si-Centre /-Cancer>-31:869-876.''4 , ^ b k .t3- r'^i^fMMccDoonnaaiidd//tijJ^tC^^BBeecckkllaake;' MSU* G-*i'bb`s1/-G McD-onal-d1'^' - - ^btf;_Rosslter:^.CK^{197,4.^'rThe;:health''dgdhrysotile asbestos3i:3ioe^^^^ ; ^V' ; am'.mill.vwbrjjrsioffQu^eci^'rc^nvigOMqfHlthipjZS's&~f} _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ f-u^KogaiVV/i'Mi^Guseimk o y N j^nd.^GuIey skaya Hl^ 1 i i^nri,vY.^rViair5Sfvch4a<f'i^<b^jclUS!'irv,'0*-,?:'fch;'d''jw^^ ?r7 Wagoner^i'd^^^ptosri-^'5.WjM'4:|;S\l^ri;^|^flTS3 ..J S 1f- Malignant ruffeWHgj . '.-fe'ialiganfc'^Respgtogy''Disa'se;''lirtaity '-Patterns. Among'-'Asbes to-'3^Mp|. edingfe? 3 ^ n ^ S I ' ^ ^ i S ;?Gbv:i3SBnK-^3cfiStngp;bffcjS5'^46tf^ .V 8^^K^^/li^^^s'-fferrdrspn'^VI^(i9l3J^^.Typ..cfaBfae&r ` xr /j`-oirtinsulatidn-i'liforkars in The ?United 'StatesrfelM igBogovskljrl^ , 3r' Clisoa'ffjJ.Cs^viTf^rei^'iiy..and-.iWagn^'^'iliric^^^s^Biolgica'l * b'rJy.i Effects -orjx'sbe'stds-;.lTi;yri^~InterafcioimivAqehcyKfrJKe3earch f Cancer'.(ARCSerfci'fle,.;p-ablicationsiN'^'B)/-ppr;...29^216bi^5:i 'L > .- i.gc/c. iiag;,.tr3.^.1i1o.:-. ':*,[ ^ r' -.l. v;Mewhouse, M^LJiand Berry y G.. -(1976) ^Prdictions of^mortali "fjaesthelal.tuiaors in asbestos, factor .workers3^...Bri tv-rj-;_niastr"*4^^ '"- ^Med^.33:1477-1511 -.'- ..-.WW ..j'~'-::' S g t ' -"SS TM,.y . i . ......:; ' .11,:vSee'n^ 1. -".;-i-r"1 V i 12,,-'Menck,, H.R, and Henderson, B.E.- (1976) 0 Occupational differ erices in rates of lung cancer J. Occ Med 18:797-801 13 See is G 0024d ' ;,C -.-;3 4 N atio n al I n s t i cu t e t f o`rj,Occ upa t io n a ^ S a .^ e t .-.and H ealth f{jL93`t-} 3 ,, ; > " r i f `J. ' R e-exam inat io r e -.ariprUp^.t'e>af.in fo rm at ^pn ^.th e{h ealti^,effiu c `'f t '''--'A 5* o f o c c u p a t i o n a l :S p o s 'u r e - 't o a s b e s to s -* ^ -WlZi _ ~ 5*35^ =tonoranduiu t o Morton-Com, 'A s s is t a n t ? S e c r e t a r y o f X ab d r'i f o t .fit. fc- OSHA from D i r e c t o r ; r-'NIOSH December-4l5M-97& ",,V. . v.r ' --- V-H fibs* '- See n. 2 e AOft ^Jya^ps? p 3 T i z f "A sb e sto s 'D isc n a r g e i f ram.*. Six''Hairdryers.--itt"ra-.Two" h o ar& fes'^:.^ t-EMV A s s o c ia t e s M a rc h vX9y- 1979 * r -- - 1Aar.- vZ; ,-v -'ff? :A- '' tifi `"` ! . n t 'o r D r't B & | ^ o ^ n ^ ] ^ f o r t M ^ ^ S H ^ ^ r a v i s o r 5 ^ ^ ^ S i e e ^ p f e i , o r& C o a s tru c fc ib ra .: a f e t y t ^ d . '- R e a l t h 1 z g a n tS ^ 2 2 V tl9 7 i5 .-'S |a' ,i a^GS-fe- G i ifcA- V ^ t ~ p e rs o n a l .col^m anxcato^tom ^D r.t-O thn.fJe!^M ^]^/;E M Y 'A ss< ^at;^!ff^tf f v - ' ' H ate .H u g h s i'^ti n ^ iB p n ^A 3 S 5 i3 ^^M |^f'? *'''i ` S~ - .ra. -H, - V* ^ ..Sr--..^` ..... ----.:.*--:.^^-.^c-;,,-. V& p JK L 1 { 1 9 7 6 )^Ba d g ^ E r f o r . c h i r oxm ii S0 S&<iS>, 1 ________ ... $&-%&_&.,, .. ,,,, . ^ M e rc h a n d is in q .k a g a z ifte F ^ ^ a r c h ^iiioa7^a^^s*eSsili>i*on roi- useSt statistics given bYrjSt4^\Spivak\HrcMiff^31979* l^^feeysgi s s illt ai vi^'S 1 w%^^SfiffeKCCrrie ;TOCrVfpe3^i^B.ciMdMtnif5ia- - ^ ^ g w ^ 1 ^ 5 ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ,^ ^ P $ ^ g .er . T h e 'o th e r' d id P l* '*v&5fe~As*. - -'~'::S2^- See h. SO 5.3 W i ll ia m H o d g e , t , S , D e p a r tm e n t o f C om m erce, p e r s o n a l c o m m u n ic a tio n 54 D a le R a y , S CPSC, p e r s o n a l c o m m u n ic a t io n . G 00248 JIM,, il