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Half-life. of Polychlorinated !' i pliony 1 (Arcelor ]i') in Fish From an Alabama Reservoir and St roam
Chong-i Paul Lo Mary W, Vitter Robert S. Reimers Gerald E. Gunning Ann C. Anderson
Till a ne University School of
Public llealtli ft Tropical Medicine x
Dept of F.uvLromm'iUaV llealtli Sciences
3A30 Tulane Avomn
New Orleans, LA 70)12
504/588-5374
.
F.nv 11 oilmen l a 1 Etij neer (Ph.D.)
HALF-LIFE OF POLYCHLORINATED PJI'IIENTL (AROCLOR 1254) IN ! 1 SI! FROM AN ALABAMA
RESERVOIR AND STREAM. Cliong-i Pan] L.o, Mary
Vi t tar, Robert SRe i mers,
Gerald E. Gunning, and Ami C. Anderson. Tulane University School of Public UealtT~and
Tropical Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112. i
Data from an eight year (1969-197b) field study for PCB's (Aroelor 1254) in fish
along Cboccoloco Creek and Logan Martin Reservoir In Alabama were analyzed. Two ad
ditional years of collecting field data completed the study. Four fish collecting sta
tions were established. Station //l was a control station miles above the mouth of Snow
Creek (which is known ns the discharging point by the PCB's plant of Monsanto Chemical
Co.). Station //2 and i1 i were downstream along Cboccoloco Creek and Station lift was at the
Logan Martin Reservoir. Concentration of PCB's (Aroelor 1254) in fish tissue were ana
lyzed to determine accumulation patterns over time and to calculate the half life of the
compound for the various fish species. A decreasing concentration of PCB's (Aroelor
1254) in fish was observed from samples taken in Choceoloco Creek. The half lives for
individual species range FYom 18,0 to 27.8 months with good statistical correlation with
in individual species. The average half life for PCB's (Aroelor 1254) lor all species
was 21.2 months. In contrast, Tlsli sampled in Logan Martin Reservoir (bass and Longonr
Suufish) showed increasing PCB concentration over time. Rased on uptake data, the pro
jected time for doubling PCI! concent rat ion is 46 months For Longonr Sunflsh and 61 months for Bass. This increasing trend may he due to the availability of Poll's because of
transport of suspended and colloidal material downstream from Cboccoloco Creek. Differ
ent uptake patterns in fish taken from stream arid reservoir will be elucidated.
DSW 037863
STLCOPCB4021687
Presented
No I lor ''uli 1 i. cu -Lion Before the IHvisi'-n oT I'nvl r< >nmcn ta I
American Ch-micnl Socle tv Houston, TX March 23-2B, 1980
Chemistry
HALF-LI PE OP I'()I.YCIII.(U:ivATK|) in PHENYL (AROCLOR IP.Vtl I '*' II Sil PROM AN ALABAMA RLSP.HVOI R AND STREAM
Chong-i Paul Lo, Mary W. Vittcr, Robert S. Ho(mors, Gerald E, Gunning, Ann C. Anderson
Tulanc University Scliool of Public Ileal tb . and Tropical Medicine
New Orleans, LA 70112
Data from an eight year (1%<>-1 "7u> field studv for l'(T<* : lAnuler l.'v',! hi fish along the Ghoccoloco ('.reel; and I ee.au Marlin Reservoir in Alabama were analv-ed. Two additional years of collecting field data completed the study. Pour fish col lecting stations were established. Station III was a control station miles above the mouth of Snow Creek (which is known as the discharging point- by the PC.Il's plant of Monsanto Chemical Co.). Station H2 and II3 were downstream along Chocco.loco Creek and Station III* was at the Logan Martin Reservoir. .
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Concentrations of PCB's (Aroclor 1254) in fish tissue were analysed to deter mine accumulation patterns over time and to calculate the half life of the compound for the various fish species.
A decreasing concentration of PCB's (Aroclor 1254) in fish was observed from samples taken in Chnccoloco Creek. The half lives among several fish specie'- are given in Table 1. The half lives fur individual species rnnr,.- from IS.O to M7.8 months with good statistical correlation within individual species. The average half life for PCD (Aroclor 1234) fee all species was 21.2 months.
Table 1
Fish Species
Half Life in Months
P-Value
Stone Roller (Compostoma anomalum) Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) Longear Sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) Bass (Micropterus rpp.) Blacktail Shiner (Notropus vemtstus)
Average
18.5 27.8 18.0 21.2 20.9
21.2
0.01-d <0.05 0.01<p <0.05 O.Olcp <0.05 0.I0<p <0.25 0.01<p <0.05
DSVi 037864 STLCOPCB4021688
In contrast, the fish saronled in the f.ogan- Martin Reservoir (Bass and T.ongear Sunfish) showed increasing I'CB concentrations over time. Rased on uptake data, the projected time for doubling the I'Cll concentration Is 46 months for the Longeat Sunfish and 61 months for the Bass (see Table 2). This increasing trend may be due to the availability of PCR's because of transport of suspended and colloidal material downstream from Choccoloco Creek.
Fish
Table 2 Doubling Time in Months
Longenr Sunfish (l.epomis megnlotLs) Bass (Microptcrus spp.)
<>1
P-Value
0. 1 -p <0. ?.!> 0.1 p vO.23
The different uptake patterns in fisli taken from stream and reservoir will be elucidated, talcing'into account water quality, flow, and sediment composting.
DSW 037865
STLCOPCB4021689
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OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
- TO OBSERVE TKE-BEHAVTO-6F PCB COilTEN]# Iff-FISH TAKEN FROM RIVER
AND RESERVOIR SYSTEM KITH HIGH DUTIES OF PCB EEIIIG DISCHARGED
BETKEEfI 1S30 - 1SE8.
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- TO EVALUATE THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FCB BIO/ACCUMULATION I?!
THE FISH.
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- TO DETERMINE THE BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE OF PCB PERSISTING AMONG FISH SPECIES IH THIS SPECIFIC SYSTEM.
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION TRANSLOCATION OF PCB IN RIVER SYSTEM:
- PCB IS EASILY ADSORBED TO THE SEDIMENT AND ONTO PARTICULATE HATTER.
- ONCE ABSORBED ON THE SEDIMENT. THERE IS LITTLE LEACHING. PCB CONCENTRAT ION AND PARTICLE SIZE.
- HIGHER PCB CONCENTRATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEDIMENT HEAR THE DISCHARGING POINT.
- PCB IS PROEAELY TRANSPORTED BY SUSPENDED SOLID. SEDIMENT, AND PLANKTON.
FIELD STUDY SHOWED THAT ESCAMBIA BAY HAD LOST MUCH OF ITS CONTAMINATION III 9 MONTHS.
BIQACCUHULATIOH OF PCB BY FISH
1. UPTAKE FROM SOLUBLE PCB
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- FISK HAY ACCUMULATE TO LEVELS OF 103 TO J.Q5 THIS LATER CONCENTRATE'
UNDER LABORATORY CONDITION.
- CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALUP! S PNNCTATUS) CONCENTRATED AROCI OR 1?W TO 6.1 X lc'4 TIMES THE HATER CONCENTRATION OVER 2 MONTHS.
- IN FEDERAL, PCBs PIT" HFN CHLORINE CONTENTS ETCACCUFIILATE FORE THAN ONE WITH LOW CONTENT (RE TC NF.-iNITY TO LIPID FRACTION).
2. UPTAKE FROM SUSPENDED SGLIP - HIGHER PCB LEVELS WERE FQUiiD IN FISH TAKEN FROM HIGHER TURBIDITY AREAS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. - THIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBSTANTIATED (APPEARS TO EE SITE SPECIFIC).
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J i UPTAKE FROM THE SEDIMENT BY ORGANISMS - UPTAKE OF PCBs BY FISH IS RELATED TO THE AMOUNT OF PCS IH THE SEDIMENT, - IN ESCAMBIA BAY BURROWING SHRIMP CONTAIN HIGHER RESIDUE OF PCBs THAN NON-BURROWING ONES. - ALONG MILWAUKEE RIVER, FISH SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM STATION WITH HIGHER PCB RESIDUE IN THE SEDIMENT HAD HIGHER PCB CONCENTRATIONS.
A. UPTAKE FROM FOOD - FOOD IS A MAJOR ROUTE OF BIOACCimATION. - PCB RESIDUES IN FISH ARE RELATED TO THE FISH'S FEEDING HABITS AND LIPID CONTENTS.
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DSW 037870
STLCOPCB4021694
COLLECTION! STATIONS - ANNISTON, ALABAMA Logan M a rtin
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STLCOPCB4021695
2. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY: MICROTEK 200 WITH Ni63 ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTOR, 22QC, 200C, AND 350C FOR INLET, COLL1!"!, AMD DETECTOR TEMPERATURE.
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STLCOPCB4021697
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Concentration of Aroclor vs. ci:;ie among (A) stone roller ( Compos toma anona lum ), (B) longcar sunfish ( Lepomis mega Lot is ), (C) hog sucker ( HypenteIium e towanutn ), (D) bass ( Micropterus spp. ), (E) bluegill ( Lepotnis macrochirus ), and
(F) blacktail shiner ( NoCropus venustus ).
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10 20 30 <10 50 60 70 00 90 100 110 120 (month)
Station ! 2. The concentration cf PCD vs. month for \'V blacktail shiner ('jotronus vonus tus) .
DSw 037875
STLCOPCB4021699
100
Station it 2. Tha concentration of PC3 vs. month for
stoneroller (Compostoraa
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DStt 037876
STLCOPCB4021700
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 -80 90 100 110 120 (mon th)
Station v 2. The concentration of PCB vs. month for bluegill (Lepomis mncrochirus).
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DSW 037877
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STLCOPCB4021701
10 0 30
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Station " 2. The concentration of PCO vs. month for lonqoar sunfish (Legomis mega loti.5).
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DSW 037878
STLCOPCB4021702
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(month) Station {? 2. The concentration of PC3 vs. month
for bass U'icroptorus spp.) .
DSW 037879
STLCOPCB4021703
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STLCOPCB4021704
FISH SPECIES
STATION n
HALF-LIFE IN MOUTHS
P-VALUE
STOHE ROLLER (COMPOSTOtfA ANOMAf I1*!)
18,5
' 0.01 P 0.05
BLUE-GILL (LEPOHS MACHROCKIRUS)
27.8
0.01 P 0.05
LONGEAR SUfiFISH (I.FPOMIS MEGALOT IS)
13.0
0.01 P 0.05
BASS (MCROPTFRUS spp.) LACKTAIL SI!IHER (NOTROPi'S VFMUSTIiS)
21.2 * 20.9
0.10 P 0.25 0.01 P 0.05
AVERAGF: 21.2
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STATION ft
HALF-LIFE IN f-ORTHS
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STOIC ROLLER '(COTOSTORA ANOFALITi)
18.5
0.01 P 0.05
BHJE-GIU (I EPOf'IS MACHROCKIRHS)
27,P
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LONGEAR SUfiFISH (IFPOF.IS NFGAI OTIS)
13.0
0.01 P 0.05
BASS (rilCROPTEPUS spp.)
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LACKTAIL SHINER (NOTROPHS VFMUSTLiS)
20.9
0.10 P 0.25 0.01 P 0.05
AVERAGE: 21,2
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0 10 20 3^
40 50 60 70 80
90 100 110 120
(month)
Station r 3. The concentration of hCB vs. month for
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lonqear sunCish
moqal otis) .
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DSW 037884
STLCOPCB4021708
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Station If 3. The concentration of PC3 vs. month for bass (Hicropterus spp.).
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STLCOPCB4021710
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OSW 037887 STLCOPCB4021711
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0 10 20 30 40 50 SO 70 00 90 100 110 120
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DSW 037888 STLCOPCB4021712
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STLCOPCB4021713
SEIfIFfSff (EEPQfTfS sppr>
BASS C/' TCRCFTFFUJS spp J
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PERCENT? DECREASE* APRIL IS78
UST 1978
*7 71
73
PERCENT. DECREASE IS THE DIFFERENCE BTr TOW PCB CCriCENTPATICF! BETWEEN' FISH COLLECTED FP.OK STATION A2 A FIB STATION IT1 THE LAST YEAP OF SILTY, T97S,
SUMMARY 1. IH THE RIVEP. SYSTEM, PCB IN FISH'DECREASE WITH TIME.
2, THE AVERAGE HALF-LIFE OF PCD III FISH SPECIES TAKEN FRO". HIGHLY POLLUTION
POINT IS AROUND 21 MONTHS IN THIS SITE.
..
m 3. THE PCE CONTENT III THE RESERVOIR ROUE LED OVER APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 70 MONTHS.
A. THE PCB CONTENT IN FISH DROPPED FROM APPROXIMATELY 10 PPM AT DISCHARGE POINT
TO 1 PPM IN RESERVOIR OP, m REDUCTION..
THE INFLUENCE OF WATER QUALITY APPEARS TO EE A. FUNCTION OF TDS, CHLORIDE, SULFATES WHICH APPARENTLY INFLUENCE THE AVAILABILITY OF PCBs ON SEDIMENTS.
-X G. THERE WAS NO INFLUENCE DUE TO TURBIDITY AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS WHICH MIGHT BE
CUE TO THE VARYING LIPID CONTENT OF THE FISH THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.
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