Document wqOjY7O1VeaQezQj0Y1bX7Y63

950 CHAPTER 45 1951 Guide Every pipe should be kept open and unobstructed throughout its entire _ length, and no fixed screen should be placed in it, although the use of a trapSat the junction of the hood and branch pipe is permissible, provided it is not allowed to fill up. completely. The passing of pipes through fire walls should be avoided wherever possible, and floor sweep connections should be so arranged that foreign material cannot be easily introduced into them. At the point of entrance of a branch pipe into the main duct, there should be an increase in the latter equal to their sum. Some state codes specify that the combined area be increased by 25 percent. While this is not always good practice, and is frequently done at the expense of a reduced air velocity, it is often done where future expansion of the exhaust system is contemplated. Duct Resistance The resistance to flow in round galvanized duct, riveted and soldered at the joints, may be obtained from Figs. 1 or 2, Chapter 31. The pressure drop through elbows depends upon the radius of the bend. For elbows Table 6. Loss Through 90-Deg Elbows Ratio of Elbow Centbb Lins Radius to Pits Diambtbb ob Depth i i** 2 21 Approximate Loss nr Percent op Velocxtt Head 80 31 22 19 whose centerline radii vary from 100 to 250 percent of pipe diameter, the loss may be estimated from Table 6. RESISTANCE OF SYSTEM The resistance, of the exhaust system is composed of three factors: (1) loss through the hoods, (2) collector drop, and (3) friction drop in the duct system. . The loss through the hoods is usually assumed to be equal to one-half the suction at the hoods. Where possible the resistance of the particular collector to be used should be obtained from the manufacturer. Friction drop in the pipes must be computed for each section where there is a change in area or in velocity. The velocities should be found in each section of pipe, starting with the branch most remote from the fan. The friction drop for these sections can be determined by reference to Table 6 in this chapter, and Figs. 1 or 2, Chapter 31. Total friction loss in the piping system is the friction drop in the most remote branch, plus the drop in the various sections of the main, plus the drop in the discharge pipe. EFFICIENCY OF EXHAUST SYSTEMS The efficiency of an exhaust system depends upon its effectiveness in. reducing the concentration of dusts, fumes, vapors, and gases below the safe or threshold limits.18 Too much emphasis cannot be placed on the necessity of testing exhaust systems frequently by determining the concentration of atmospheric contamination at the worker's breathing level.18 Commonly accepted Industrial Exhaust Systems 951 - values of threshold limits for usual atmospheric contaminants will be found in Tables 3, 4 arid 5, Chapter 8. AIR FLOW PRODUCING EOUIPMENT In any type of exhaust system, some form of air flow producing equip ment is required to create the pressure necessary to cause the air to flow through the system to the discharge stack. The principal types of air moving equipment are centrifugal exhaust fans, disc or propeller fans, axial flow fans and venturi ejectors. Table 7. Corrosion Resisting Materials fob Exhaust Systems* MATERIAL Mstaxs AClDb Acetic Chromic Hydro chloric Hydro fluoric Nitric Phos phoric Sul phurous Sul phuric DiLjCoae DilJCocc. Dil.jCooc. DiL jeonc. DiL Cone. Dil jConc. DiL jConc. Dil | Cone. Good Fair Poor No Data Poor Good Poor Magnesium and Alloys__ No Data Goodj Poor No Data PoorJ Good No Data No Data Poor No Data Poor No Data Lead and Lead-Coated. ... Poor Good Poor Poor Poor Poor Good Goodj Poor Moly AHoy(60Aft*--2QMo Good No Data Fair No Data Poor Poor No Data Good Fair Poor Fair Poor Goodd Fair] Poor Fair Poor GoodejPoor Poor Fur | Good No Data Stftinlmw Steele (18 Cr8 Ni) Miscellaneous Good No Data Good No Data Fair Poor Good Poor Good No Data Poor Good . Good Good Good No Data Good Poor Poor Good Poor Good No Data Good Good except against strong adds and alkaGes Some woods are decomposed or softened fester thn oth&s. 1 1 ! 1 .1 Poor Io geoeral plastics resist Teak adds aad are decomposed by concentrated acid. * StandaM Praotice Sheet No. 116 (Division of Industrial Hygiene, New York State Labor Department). Add mists m air are more corrosive than as liquid in storage tank. Galvanised iron not raeistant to acid* * Stainless steel of (24 0--10 N*) fairly resistant at low temperature for HCl and HtPOt. a Under most conditions. * At room temperatures. PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION AND ABRASION Manufacturers generally provide special fans for the handling of various industrial wastes. When corrosive or abrasive materials are conveyed, the fan blades and interior of the fan housing should be protected from 'far- This may be accomplished by placing the collector on the suction side of the fan. Excellent protection against many corrosive acids may be obtained by lining the interior surfaces of the ducts and fans, including' wheels, with rubber. The removal of gases and fumes in many chemical plants requires that metals used in the construction of the exhaust system be resistant to chem-