Document wqEbknXZRbOK5wYkmzJj4k3Bo

TECHNICAL BRIEFS (HDINURINC DIVUOPMCNIi Hitt tup 1 ABROAD OICISrtD POR BUST POWIR M|M They measure heat to save millions for industry REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE FUELS AND FIRING Fallibilities ol Coal Froeailing n Fewer Production Ctparianca with a Multiple Fuel Fired Water. tube Bailer ON Cannot Heat All America Famoce Oetign Methods With or Without Wotervalls A New AppraHol ol the Fuel Situation . . ,__ _ PANEL HEATING A Simplified Panel Heating Design Procedure WATER TREATMENT Eroporetire Condensers, Their Use end ApglU cetien in Weter-Shortage Areas Practice! Approach 10 Modem Ipife, Traotmant 0,r High Alkalinity and Organic Matofaj t_ Sladgn Eameral In b-p foj|tM m Causes end Pretention ol Codeaset.lMM. line Cerresion MTMlfc Recent Development* In Bait*, Wota *. search Ofrectfent ter erderinp pawn ere fffrea ea page tit. FUELS AND FIRING PoeelblUtiee of Coal Proeeaalng in Power Production, by A D Singh, Singh Co. Coal consumption In power plante' represents a mo/or portion of the no* tion'e annual coal supply.. For the pub. lie iiiilities alone, coal demand has grown (o 08 million lone and is expected to reach 100 million annually by 1952. The author believes (hat coal utiftzalion in the power Industry can he (1) improved (2) put to work as a vital factor in o sound national fuels-conervpllon plan. Partially gasifying coal prior to its combustion in steam-generating fur naces leaves a char, highly suitable, in the author's opinion, for stcam-generat* tng purposes. Advantages claimed are (1) higher furnace temperatures (2) faster combustion rates (3) increased evaporation rates (4) less surface clean ing (5) 2$ to 35% decrease In sulphur, compound emission (6) possible gen eration of a suitable gas fuel for home end Industry. Over and above these gains from partial gosificotion are the products that tan supplement national crude-oil and natural-gas supplies. If all the coal needed to produce the required char for the utilities were partially gasified, a coal gas would be produced able to supply best equivalent to more than a trillion on i\ of natural gas, about 20% of our present rale of consumption. Recent technological advances in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of liquid fuels Indicate that coal gas from the source described above could produce 40 mil lion barrels of synthetic liquid fuels. MPC Paper. Kxpricttcee with Multiple Fuel-Fired WatenttlM Roller, by R. Frank Hollis, Alton Box Board Co. A 100,000-lb-perhr 475-psi 750-F boiler, designed to fire coal singly or in muttiple with residual fuel oil or natural gas, served as the basis for the author's experience. Coat is screenings from Illinois Inner Croup mines. It ranges in moisture from 10 to 20%; ish from 10 to 22%; sulphur 4%; grindahility 55, average; ash-fusion temperature 2000-2100 F; normal Btu average of 10,200. Caa aver ages 980 Btu per cu ft and Is very clean. Residual fuel oil runs about 150,700 Btu per gal, 0-99 specific gravity, 5729 ssu at 100 F. Oil must be heated to not less ihon ICO F to pump it from transport trucks. ' Six forced outages have occurred In a little over three years. Two were tube failures in auxiliary feeders. They hsve been corrected by using Nelson studs and refractory to protect them from ra. diant heat of the furnace. One outage came from a bearing failure on the forced-draft (an. The rest were from a badly balanced condition on the in* duced-draft fan. . This induced-draft fan is the greatest operating worry. Wheel erosion requires replacement with a spare assembly about every ten months and, together with intermediate unbalancing, makes up most of the headache*. Original firing was with gas and the furnace was relatively dark. When a switch to coal was made, ignition proved unstable at .high loads. The furnace grew too cold. To cnrrecl this the front, wall furnace tubes on 6-in. spacing were studded with Nelson studs around the burner parts and covered with chrome refractory. Ignition on straight coal still stays unstable at loads below 45;00l) fe per hr. Nothing has been done for this condition.because (1) unit is not nor mally firing coni at this load (2) char acteristics for multiple and single Rring are so good at heavy loads we d net want to upset them. When, gos or oil are admitted along * with the coal, ignition slays suUe throughout the load range. MPC Paptr. Oil Cannot (leal AU America, 6y R g Wilton, Standard Oil Co o/ Indiana. The fuel problems of the past winter hart made both the refineries end the ellburner soles industries appreciate (he need of (rank discussions and better un derstanding. In keeping with this need the author gives his appraisal el the fuel situation. Oil burner sales in 1947 ware at s rate nearly five times the average for i the ten prewar years. On the peueleuo industry side, market for' distillates grew to a point where they ore no longer a byproduct but o main product costiog more and more to make as they eat into the yield of gasoline and other prodacta . Fuel oils will no longer he sold eo price basis competitive with other foelfc ' Fuel oil prices were bound to increase at a greater rate than prices for gssolio* because fuel oil Is being made at e sacrifice of gosoline. Barring strikes or catastrophes (h* oil industry can be reasonably sure of producing, transporting and refining 1 nr 8% more petroleum for domestic use in 1948 than in 1947. But this does mean the oil Industry can meet s 7 or 8% increosa in oil burners In 1948. First of all some of the increase mutt be used to fill up the stocks of heating oils, no*, extremely low. The additional five *ili 120 fJ77) POWER Ji/v* INI accurate heat flow MEASUREMENTS are being made by this man to ten the thermal conductivity of pipe insulation. He can make read ings within V> of 1 degree P. it gQO different points on this ap paratus In the JohnO-Monvitte Research Laboratory-the larg est, belt equipped end most modern thermal testing Inborn- tory In the world. IS "HEAT-1VI" UNIT was developed in the Johns- rovMe Laboratory to nwuufe die thermal _______Hell floW, 0 ill ItS lOftHS, AM-MAOE WtATHER in thil machine test, the ability r insolation lachetiant]cuing- to.Ithjuodeipmureto John,.Mnnv{|le Research it the proving ground for Industry's insulation requirement*--e place when the economic value of insulating materials is determined with mathematical accuracy. From asbestos and other basic raw materials, Johns* Manville has developed a wide selection of industrial insulations. On (he thermometer, they span the entire range from 400* P- below xero to 2800* F- above. On the job, they provide (hat right combination of physi cal and thermal properties to essential for proper application and maximum fuel savings. ormiog a link between you and Johns-Manvilfe In* jfation Research is a network of contracting firms serialising in the practical use of J-M Insulations, tret, their insulation engineers choose the type and hickness of materiel best suited to your necdsl Next, - * ------- For complete details and answers to your special insulation problems, write Johns-ManvtUe, Box 290, New York Hi, New York. Johns-Manville INSULATIONS / 'OWE* Juna 1948 111